TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135009
AU  - Federal Transit Administration
TI  - The T -- Southwest to Northwest Rail corridor : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft(v.1, v.3, v.4)
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Texas
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895759
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135008
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Extension of SR 601 from I-10 Canal Interchange to connect with US 49, Harrison and Stone counties : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft, Draft AppendixF(fol)
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Mississippi
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895758
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135005
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Mid County Parkway, a transportation highway from the City of San Jacinto in the east to the City of Corona in the west : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft(3v)
KW  - California
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895755
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134986
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Trunk Highway 14, from Interstate 35 to Trunk Highway 56, Steele and Dodge counties : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Minnesota
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895736
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134937
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Corporate average fuel economy standards, passenger cars and light trucks, model years 2011-2015 : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft, Final
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895687
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134878
AU  - Federal Railroad Administration
TI  - Portal Bridge capacity enhancement project : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft, Dapp(2v), Final, Final Appendix(2v)(v.1 fol)
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - New Jersey
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895628
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134799
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Middlebury Spur project : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(2v, v.1 in 2 pts.)
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Vermont
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895559
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134796
AU  - Federal Transit Administration
TI  - Access to the region's core in Hudson County, New Jersey and New York County, New York : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Supplement to the draft, Supplement to the draftapp, Final, Final Appendix(2v), Response to DEIS and SDEIS comments B1
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895556
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01133893
AU  - Pang, Jason B K
AU  - Steuck, Kyle P
AU  - Cohagen, Laila
AU  - Eberhard, Marc O
AU  - Stanton, John F
AU  - Washington State Transportation Center
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Rapidly Constructible Large-Bar Precast Bridge-Bent Connection
PY  - 2008/10//Research Report
SP  - 255p
AB  - The use of precast components in bridge bents can accelerate bridge construction, but their use in seismic systems is challenging. Such systems must have connections that are both easy to assemble on site, and have sufficient strength and ductility during earthquakes. A precast bridge bent beam-column connection that is suitable for rapid construction in seismic regions has been developed and tested. The connection features a small number of large (#18) vertical column bars grouted into large corrugated ducts embedded in the cap-beam. This combination provides speed and simplicity of erection, as well as generous construction tolerances. Lateral-load tests on the system showed that it has strength and ductility similar to those of a comparable cast-in-place connection, and that deliberate debonding of a short length of the bars has little effect on its seismic performance.
KW  - Bents
KW  - Bridge construction
KW  - Bridge substructures
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Construction
KW  - Ductility
KW  - Earthquake resistant design
KW  - Precast concrete
KW  - Strength of materials
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Research/Reports/600/684.2.htm
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/684.2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894565
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01131889
AU  - Xu, Bugao
AU  - Yao, Ming
AU  - Yao, Xun
AU  - Li, Quingguang
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Improved Pavement Distress Rating System
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 45p
AB  - The automated pavement distress rating system was developed under the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) research program over the past several years.  This report describes the improvements made in the hardware and software for pavement cracking detection, and the field test results that show the repeatability and accuracy of the data.
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Automated crack detection systems
KW  - Automated road analyzer
KW  - Cameras
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Lighting systems
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Repeatability
KW  - Software
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5708_2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892067
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01130739
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Technologies That Enable Congestion Pricing: A Primer
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 28p
AB  - This document explores transportation technologies that enable congestion pricing. The following subjects are considered:  the functional processes for tolling and congestion pricing; the technologies that are available; how the technologies are applied; examples of how technologies have been applied; and what technologies may make it work better in the future.
KW  - Automated toll collection
KW  - Automatic license plate readers
KW  - Automatic vehicle location
KW  - Cellular telephones
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Technology
KW  - Telecommunications
KW  - Toll collection
KW  - Vehicle positioning systems
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08042/fhwahop08042.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35700/35776/fhwahop08042.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/891051
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01130732
AU  - Mouras, Joshua M
AU  - Sutton, James P
AU  - Frank, Karl H
AU  - Williamson, Eric B
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - The Tensile Capacity of Welded Shear Studs
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 165p
AB  - The ability of shear studs to transfer vertical tension forces from a fractured girder to intact bridge components was investigated. The effect of haunches in the deck, stud length, number of studs, and arrangement of the studs was evaluated in static and dynamic tests. Revised stud strength provisions were developed, which included the effect of a haunch upon stud capacity.
KW  - Girder bridges
KW  - Girders
KW  - Haunches (Bridge decks)
KW  - Redundancy
KW  - Static and dynamic tests
KW  - Studs
KW  - Tensile strength
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/9_5498_2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/891092
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01130682
AU  - Waller, S Travis
AU  - Kockelman, Kara M
AU  - Sun, Dazhi
AU  - Boyles, Stephen
AU  - Lin, Dung-Ying
AU  - Ng, ManWo
AU  - Seraj, Saamiya
AU  - Tassabehji, Mohamad
AU  - Valsaraj, Varunraj
AU  - Wang, Xiaokun
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Archiving, Sharing, and Quantifying Reliability of Traffic Data
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 162p
AB  - Vast quantities of transportation data are automatically recorded by intelligent transportations infrastructure, such as inductive loop detectors, video cameras, and side-fire radar devices. Such devices are typically deployed by traffic management centers (TMCs), and the data used for operational studies; however, such data are also highly valuable for transportation planning and other applications. This project considered how such data can best be stored and managed to accommodate multiple users, and multiple types of detector technologies. A modular system is developed, allowing data from multiple TMCs to be collected, translated into a common format, and placed in a central archive. Additionally, a novel method for quantifying data reliability is described, as error detection is critical when managing large quantities of data. Multiple techniques are also described for imputing missing data, or correcting erroneous data. Issues related to implementation are also discussed, along with innovative detector technologies that may be deployed in the near future, and thus must be considered when developing a flexible archival system.
KW  - Data banks
KW  - Data imputation
KW  - Data quality
KW  - Data reliability
KW  - Data sharing
KW  - Data storage
KW  - Traffic control centers
KW  - Traffic data
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5686_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/891045
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129961
AU  - Siegesmund, Peter
AU  - Kruse, Jim
AU  - Prozzi, Jolanda P
AU  - Allsup, Rene
AU  - Harrison, Robert
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - An Analysis of the Value of Texas Seaports in an Environment of Increasing Global Trade
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 122p
AB  - This study undertook an economic impact exercise for all Texas ports, updated a similar study done a decade earlier, and so assisted the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) with incorporating the most recent marine port impacts into their state transportation planning. The study was awarded to a joint CTR-TTI team but work did not begin until the scope was clarified by TxDOT, following concerns expressed by some members of the Texas Ports Association (TPA). Almost all the larger Texas ports had undertaken economic impact studies and were understandably concerned about any new study providing different answers. This was highly likely as economic impact output is influenced by the timing, scale, and specifications of each study. Accordingly, it was agreed that where a Texas port had already completed an economic impact study, the results would be reported to TxDOT in this project. The work also provided both a forecast of container growth at Texas terminals and an estimate of the economic impact of Texas ports on the U.S economy.
KW  - Container traffic
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Marine terminals
KW  - Present value
KW  - Seaports
KW  - Texas
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://ctr.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubs/0_5538_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890524
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128986
AU  - Weston, Leslie A
AU  - Senesac, Andrew F
AU  - Weston, Paul A
AU  - Harmon, Roselee
AU  - Tsontakis-Bradley, Irene
AU  - Cornell University
AU  - New York State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Herbaceous Perennial Groundcovers and Direct Seeded Species and Mixtures for Use in New York State Roadsides and Under Guiderails
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 40p
AB  - This alternative vegetation study is an important component of the New York State Department of Transportation's (NYSDOT’s) efforts to pursue environmentally sensitive, lower maintenance, and cost effective vegetation management techniques that can be integrated into the overall vegetation management program. NYSDOT’s objective was to determine which species, either transplanted or direct seeded, could be successfully established along or underneath guiderails of paved highway routes in diverse climatic zones encountered across New York State. The NYSDOT was interested in determining which mixtures of species could be established cost-effectively, and also contribute to aesthetic appeal along managed highways, but more importantly, intended to determine which species could be managed without excessive herbicide application or mowing in areas located within 20 feet of the roadside and underneath the guiderail along NY State highways. The studies have shown that in more traditional landscape settings or low maintenance sites located more than 20 feet from the roadside, certain groundcovers (with groundcovers defined as transplanted perennials or direct seeded mixtures of grasses) can prove successful in establishing over time (within a one year period). Further details are provided in this report.
KW  - Aesthetics
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Grasses
KW  - Low maintenance
KW  - New York (State)
KW  - Plants
KW  - Roadside flora
KW  - Vegetation control
UR  - https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/CornellvegfinalreportOct2008.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889216
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128393
AU  - Menches, Cindy L
AU  - Caldas, Carlos H
AU  - O'Connor, James T
AU  - Cohen, Chelsea A
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Synthesis of Workload Reduction Strategies for Construction Inspection
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 156p
AB  - State departments of transportation (DOTs) have seen significant funding increases throughout the past decade. The additional funding has also brought about an increase in the construction inspection and testing workload, but the DOTs have not seen a sufficient increase in personnel to manage the additional work. As a result, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) was motivated to identify efficient strategies for reducing the construction testing and inspection workload without decreasing the quality of the end product. This study investigated current practices in other state DOTs and summarized workload reduction strategies that have the potential for efficiently reducing inspection workload within TxDOT.
KW  - Construction
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Labor force
KW  - Personnel shortages
KW  - Quality assurance
KW  - Quality control
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Testing
KW  - Texas Department of Transportation
KW  - Workload
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5799_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/888987
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128376
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Technologies That Complement Congestion Pricing: A Primer
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 24p
AB  - The purpose of this volume is to consider the technology options that are available to complement congestion-pricing approaches. This primer explores how technology broadens the success for congestion pricing by supporting the traveler’s decision to change travel time, travel mode, and travel route. Complementary technologies (a) extend the benefits of congestion-pricing strategies to those directly and indirectly affected, (b) improve public acceptance of congestion-pricing strategies, and (c) improve the value of existing travel options available to individuals. This primer considers:  how technology complements congestion pricing; what technologies there are to consider; how the technologies are applied; and examples of how technologies were applied to retrofit congestion pricing on an existing facility.  Among the technologies considered are dynamic message signs, Web-based traveler information, in-vehicle traveler information, ramp metering, adaptive signal control, and automated vehicle location for transit.
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - Advanced traveler information systems
KW  - Automatic vehicle location
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - In-vehicle technologies
KW  - Ramp metering
KW  - Retrofitting
KW  - Technology
KW  - Traffic signal control systems
KW  - Variable message signs
KW  - Web-based systems
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08043/fhwahop08043.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30846/fhwahop08043.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/888840
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01125358
AU  - Owens, Nicholas
AU  - Jacobson, Les
AU  - Mitchell, Carol
AU  - Science Applications International Corporation
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - National Evaluation Program FY 2003 Earmark Evaluation: Utah CommuterLink Expansion Case Study Evaluation Final Report
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 49p
AB  - This report presents a case study of the ongoing expansion of the Utah Department of Transportation’s CommuterLink Program. The program is expanding to include local and municipal government agencies outside of the Salt Lake Valley by integrating across the jurisdictional boundaries of the Cities of Orem and Provo, Davis County, and the UDOT Regional Headquarters. With the exception of Davis County, each of these entities now operates its own Traffic Control Centers for its jurisdiction. However, each entity wanted to collectively operate as one system that shares information, utilizes shared resources, and coordinates traffic management across boundaries while maintaining responsibility for their individual jurisdictions The case study identifies institutional and technical lessons learned and benefits.
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Data sharing
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Highway traffic control
KW  - Incident management
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Lessons learned
KW  - Utah
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30642/14445.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886045
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01125357
AU  - Green, Paul E
AU  - Blower, Daniel
AU  - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
AU  - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
TI  - Updated Ratio of Crash Severities Reportable to the MCMIS Crash File
PY  - 2008/10//Special Report
SP  - 24p
AB  - The Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) Crash file has been developed by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) to serve as a census file of trucks and buses involved in traffic crashes meeting a specific crash severity threshold. Each state is responsible for identifying cases that meet the MCMIS Crash file criteria and reporting the required data through the SafetyNet system. UMTRI has completed a set of evaluations of state reporting and found that reporting rates range from over 80 percent to less than 10. The present report provides an updated model to predict, given a known number of fatal involvements, the number of crash involvements a state should be reporting. Additional observations became available since the previous report. These observations are incorporated and the model re-estimated. In each state, the number of fatal involvements is well-known, so all states will start with a known quantity, the number of fatal truck and bus crash involvements. It is then hypothesized that the ratio of reportable crash severities, that is, the ratio of fatal involvements to nonfatal involvements, will apply across all the states. Data from 11 states (representing 13 observations) that provide all the information necessary to identify MCMIS-reportable cases were used. A weighted log-linear model is fit to MCMIS data for the states that have information recorded for both fatal and nonfatal crashes. The model is then used to estimate the number of nonfatal crashes for a new state in which only the number of fatal crashes is known. Prediction intervals are presented.
KW  - Bus crashes
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Crash severity
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Motor Carrier Management Information System Crash File
KW  - Ratios
KW  - Truck crashes
KW  - Trucking safety
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/61822
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/885832
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124903
AU  - Baus, Ronald L
AU  - Henderson, A T
AU  - University of South Carolina, Columbia
AU  - South Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Improved Rideability Specifications for Rigid Pavements and Bridge Decks
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 54p
AB  - In early 2004, a study was begun to develop improved rideability specifications for rigid pavements and bridge decks for the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT).  As originally proposed, the study was intended to replace Rainhart profilograph testing procedures with California-style profilograph procedures and to investigate the ability of the SCDOT's high-speed profiler to produce meaningful and consistent simulated profilograph Profile Index (PI) values.  As the study progressed, the SCDOT discontinued use of their Rainhart profilographs and implemented new California-style profilograph rideability specifications for bridge decks and new, unground rigid pavement surfaces.  As this occurred, the emphasis of the project changed to the investigation of the feasibility of using high-speed profilers and International Roughness Index (IRI)-based rideability specifications for portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement surfaces.  This report summarizes a literature review and a survey of other state highway agencies (SHAs).  A limited amount of profiler testing was conducted on in-service pavements.  Based on the literature review, SHA survey results and observed good to excellent profiler performance, it was concluded that profiler IRI-based rideability testing is feasible for PCC pavement surfaces.  Elements for interim rideability specifications are proposed.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Feasibility analysis
KW  - High speed profilers
KW  - International Roughness Index
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - Profilographs
KW  - Ride quality
KW  - Rigid pavements
KW  - South Carolina
KW  - Specifications
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Surveys
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886110
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124741
AU  - Sheeder, Scott A
AU  - Johnson, Peggy A
AU  - Pennsylvania State University, University Park
AU  - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Controlling Debris at Pennsylvania Bridges
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 222p
AB  - Woody debris from upstream ageas of forested or wooded watersheds is often transported to streams during heavy rainfall events.  If the debris reaches a bridge pier, it may catch and accumulate on the pier, effectively narrowing the waterway opening.  As debris continues to accumulate during subsequent high-water events, problems of flooding, scour, and loading on the pier are often intensified.  In some cases, the accumulated debris can block most or all of an entire span.  Considerable maintenance costs are then required to continually remove the debris from the bridge piers.  Although debris accumulation at bridges has been recognized as a significant concern, little research has been done to provide cost-effective guidance on structural and non-structural measures to control debris accumulation.  There is a suite of structural methods, including debris sweepers, debris fins, and deflectors, as well as non-structural methods, such as watershed improvements, that are available for use.  However, use of these methods requires knowledge and guidance as to which methods are efficient and cost effective under a range of conditions that can be expected at bridges in Pennsylvania.  The objective of this project was to determine appropriate, cost-effective methods for controlling debris accumulation at bridge piers in Pennsylvania.  In meeting this objective, the research team determined the state of the art of debris control, primarily focusing on structural methods; assessed the reliability and sustainability of selected methods; evaluated the cost-effectiveness; and developed guidance for PennDOT engineers to determine the most feasible and effective methods to use at bridges as a function of characteristics associated with the bridge, stream, debris, and cost.
KW  - Bridge piers
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Debris control
KW  - Debris flows
KW  - Debris removal
KW  - Deflectors
KW  - Erosion
KW  - Floods
KW  - Loads
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Rainfall
KW  - Scour
KW  - State of the art
KW  - Watersheds
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886044
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01123019
AU  - Anderson, J Brian
AU  - Ogunro, Vincent O
AU  - University of North Carolina, Charlotte
AU  - North Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of an Earth Pressure Model for Design of Earth Retaining Structures in Piedmont Soil
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 147p
AB  - Anecdotal evidence suggests that earth pressure in Piedmont residual soils is typically over estimated. Such estimates of earth pressure impact the design of earth retaining structures used on highway projects. Thus, the development of an appropriate model for estimating earth pressure would result in more rational design of retaining structures in Piedmont residual soils. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to develop an earth pressure model for Piedmont residual soil. An experimental program to estimate, model, and measure earth pressure in Piedmont residual soils was carried out by the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. This study centered around the instrumentation, construction, and load testing of four sheet pile retaining walls at two sites in the Charlotte Belt and Carolina Slate belt regions of the Piedmont. The scope of work included extensive insitu and laboratory soil testing to estimate soil strength parameters for the residual soils; and numerical models to plan the load testing program and evaluate the results. Results of the load tests showed little or no earth pressure due to Piedmont residual soil. Interpretation of data from the sites using theoretical and numerical methods supports this finding. Conclusions from this study include: 1) The earth pressure currently used in design of retaining structures in Piedmont soils is greater than earth pressure measured during load tests. Field measurements from the instrumented wall load tests demonstrated that the retained soils exerted little or no pressure on the structure. 2) The Piedmont soils that were tested in this research had significant strength. The average drained friction angle was 28 degrees and the average drained cohesion intercept was above 300 psf. These values were consistent with those found in the literature for similar soils. 3) Based on the soil test results as well as the minimal earth pressure detected during the load tests, the soil strength parameters, φ’and c’ should be used together in Rankine’s earth pressure equation to predict the earth pressure in Piedmont soils. 4) Triaxial tests provided the most consistent measurement of φ’ and c’. The borehole shear tests also measure φ and c’ but should only be used when triaxial testing is unavailable.
KW  - Cohesion intercept
KW  - Design
KW  - Earth pressure
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Friction angle
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Load tests
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Piedmont Region (United States)
KW  - Piedmont soils
KW  - Residual soils
KW  - Retaining walls
KW  - Soil strength
KW  - Triaxial shear tests
UR  - http://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/tpb/research/download/2005-16FinalReport.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884774
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122992
AU  - Celedonia, Mark T
AU  - Tabor, Roger A
AU  - Sanders, Scott
AU  - Damm, Steve
AU  - Lantz, Daniel W
AU  - Lee, Terence M
AU  - Li, Zhuozhuo
AU  - Pratt, Jon-Michael
AU  - Price, Benjamin E
AU  - Seyda, Lauren
AU  - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Movement and Habitat Use of Chinook Salmon Smolts, Northern Pikeminnow, and Smallmouth Bass Near the SR 520 Bridge: 2007 Acoustic Tracking Study
PY  - 2008/10//Annual Report
SP  - 140p
AB  - The authors used a fine-scale acoustic tracking system to track tagged fish in a 17.2 ha area along a 560 m stretch of the SR 520 bridge from late May through early August 2007. The study site was the west end of the bridge in Lake Washington, Washington near Union Bay and lies within a major migratory corridor for Chinook salmon smolts. Thirty-seven, 68 and 66 tagged Chinook salmon smolts were released on June 1, 14, and 28, respectively. Migratory behaviors of tracked fish were similar within release groups but varied considerably between release groups. Most actively migrating Chinook salmon appeared delayed by the bridge. Conversely, fish that were holding in the area rather than actively migrating through appeared to selectively choose to reside in areas near the bridge for prolonged periods. The holding behavior did not appear triggered by the bridge. Results from tagged northern pikeminnow suggest that the bridge may not be a major foraging site. Smallmouth bass strongly selected the bridge as well as nearshore overwater structures.
KW  - Acoustic equipment
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Fishes
KW  - Habitat (Ecology)
KW  - Overwater structures
KW  - Salmon migration
KW  - Tracking systems
KW  - Washington (State)
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Research/Reports/600/694.1.htm
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/694.1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884617
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122971
AU  - Eggers, John
AU  - Louisiana Transportation Research Center
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Air Void Analyzer for Plastic Concrete
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 42p
AB  - The two main test methods that measure the air content in plastic concrete are the pressure method and the volumetric or roll-a-meter method. Although these methods report the total air in the concrete, they do not distinguish between entrained air and entrapped air or the quality of the air void system. The quality of the air void system consists of the content, distribution, and size of the air bubbles in the concrete matrix. In order to analyze the quality of the air void system, a petrographic analysis is required on the hardened concrete. The downside of this procedure is that it requires analysis of hardened concrete under a microscope which is time consuming, expensive, and results are determined well after placement of the concrete. The air void analyzer (AVA) is a new device developed as an alternative to the petrographic method that promises to provide air void system properties in a more timely manner while the concrete is still in the plastic stage. The intent of this research was to first, evaluate the air void analyzer and compare results with the petrographic method to verify its results. Secondly, it was to correlate the use of various types of water reducing admixtures (WRA) with various types of air entraining admixtures (AEA) into a generalized declaration that would state which WRA and AEA is good at developing a quality air void system in concrete. In the initial course of this investigation, the AVA demonstrated it was incapable of reliably reproducing results from the same batch of concrete about 60 percent of the time. It was decided to end this study. This report presents the study findings.
KW  - Air entraining agents
KW  - Air voids
KW  - Fresh concrete
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Testing equipment
KW  - Water reducing agents
UR  - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_436.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30602/fr_436.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884603
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122960
AU  - Luttrell, Tim
AU  - Robinson, Mark
AU  - Rephlo, Jennifer A
AU  - Haas, Robert
AU  - Srour, Jordan
AU  - Benekohal, Rahim F
AU  - Oh, Jun-Seok
AU  - Scriba, Tracy
AU  - Science Applications International Corporation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Comparative Analysis Report: The Benefits of Using Intelligent Transportation Systems in Work Zones
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 122p
AB  - This document provides quantitative benefits of using Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in highway construction and maintenance work zones. The technical report covers case study sites in the District of Columbia, Texas, Michigan, Arkansas, and North Carolina. The document provides insights into the mobility and safety benefits of ITS for work zone traffic management.
KW  - Arkansas
KW  - Benefits
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Michigan
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Texas
KW  - Washington (District of Columbia)
KW  - Work zone safety
KW  - Work zone traffic control
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/its/wz_comp_analysis/comp_anl_rpt_08.pdf
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/its/wz_comp_analysis/index.htm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884540
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122959
AU  - Eby, David W
AU  - Molnar, Lisa J
AU  - Kartje, Paula
AU  - St Louis, Renee M
AU  - Parow, Julie E
AU  - Vivoda, Jonathon M
AU  - Neumeyer, Amy L
AU  - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Older Driver Self-Screening Based on Health Concerns. Volume II: Appendices
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 84p
AB  - The objective of this project was to create a valid and effective self-screening instrument that provided individualized information for older adult drivers. The project intended to improve upon existing self-screening instruments by focusing on health concerns rather than the medical condition or medications that produced the concern, allowing for a much more comprehensive self-screening than has been possible previously. By linking the severity of health concerns to their effect on critical driving skills, the instrument provides five types of individualized feedback: general awareness; self awareness; individualized recommendations for behavioral changes; individualized recommendations for further evaluation; and individualized recommendations for vehicle modifications. Development involved a literature review, expert panel, focus groups, workbook logic, and programming the instrument. The evaluation portion of the study involved administering a questionnaire to 68 older adult participants after they had completed the self-screening instrument. The validation portion of the activity involved statistically comparing participants’ results from the self-screening instrument to results from an on-road driving assessment and a series of clinical tests to evaluate cognitive, visual, and psychomotor abilities. Both the clinical evaluation and on-road driving assessment were administered through a driving assessment program operated by the University of Michigan. The results showed that more than three-fourths of subjects indicated that the workbook made them more aware of how changes can affect driving and more than 90% thought the workbook information was useful as a reminder. More than one-third of subjects discovered a change in themselves for which they were previously unaware. Large percentages of subjects indicated plans to engage in behaviors to maintain safe transportation with 42% planning to change how they drive; 33% planning to take a driving refresher course; and 53% planning to talk with a doctor. More than three-fourths would use it again in the future; more than 90% would recommend it to older family members and friends; and 94% thought the workbook would serve as a useful way to discuss driving concerns with family members. Overall, subjects’ scores on the workbook were significantly correlated with the clinical evaluation scores and on-road driving performance scores. In conclusion, the "SAFER Driving: Enhanced Driving Decisions Workbook" is a useful, valid, and effective self-screening instrument for older adult drivers. The tool is free and in the public domain at: http://www.um-saferdriving.org.
KW  - Aged drivers
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Behavior modification
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Diseases and medical conditions
KW  - Driving
KW  - Health
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Motor skills
KW  - Psychomotor ability
KW  - Self evaluation
KW  - Vision
KW  - Visual perception
KW  - Workbooks
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30500/30530/811047.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884394
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122954
AU  - Eby, David W
AU  - Molnar, Lisa J
AU  - Kartje, Paula
AU  - St Louis, Renee M
AU  - Parow, Julie E
AU  - Vivoda, Jonathon M
AU  - Neumeyer, Amy L
AU  - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Older Driver Self-Screening Based on Health Concerns. Volume I: Technical Report
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 32p
AB  - The objective of this project was to create a valid and effective Web-based self-screening instrument to provide older drivers with individualized information to help them make better decisions about driving. The project was intended to improve upon existing self-screening instruments by focusing on health concerns – that is, the symptoms people experience due to medical conditions, medications used to treat them, and the general aging process – rather than the medical conditions or medications themselves. This approach allows for a much more comprehensive self-screening than has been possible previously. By linking the severity of health concerns to their effects on critical driving skills, the instrument provides five types of individualized feedback including general awareness, self-awareness, and recommendations for behavioral changes, further evaluation, and vehicle modifications. Development of the self-screening instrument was based on an extensive review of the literature and conduct of an expert panel and focus groups. The evaluation portion of the study involved obtaining feedback from 68 older adult participants about the usefulness of the self-screening instrument and their intentions to make changes as a result of completing it. The validation portion of the activity involved statistically comparing participants’ results from the self-screening instrument to results from an on-road driving assessment and a series of clinical tests to evaluate cognitive, visual, and psychomotor abilities. Both the clinical evaluation and on-road driving assessment were administered through a driving assessment program operated by the University of Michigan and managed by an occupational therapist. More than three-fourths of subjects indicated that the self-screening instrument made them more aware of how declines in driving-related abilities can affect driving and more than 90% thought the information provided by the instrument served as a useful reminder of things they already knew. More than one-third of subjects discovered a change in themselves of which they were previously unaware. Large percentages of subjects reported plans to engage in behaviors to maintain safe driving with 42% planning to change how they drive; 33% planning to take a driving refresher course; and 53% planning to talk with a doctor. More than three-fourths reported they would use the instrument again in the future; more than 90% would recommend it to older family members and friends; and 94% thought it would serve as a useful way to discuss driving concerns with family members. Overall, subjects’ scores on the self-screening instrument were significantly correlated with the clinical evaluation scores and on-road driving performance scores. In conclusion, the "SAFER Driving: Enhanced Driving Decisions Workbook" appears to be a useful and valid self-screening instrument for older adult drivers. The tool is free and in the public domain at http://um-saferdriver.org.
KW  - Aged drivers
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Behavior modification
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Diseases and medical conditions
KW  - Driving
KW  - Health
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Motor skills
KW  - Psychomotor ability
KW  - Self evaluation
KW  - Vision
KW  - Visual perception
KW  - Workbooks
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30500/30584/811046a.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884393
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122620
AU  - Krugler, Paul E
AU  - Chang-Albitres, Carlos M
AU  - Scullion, Tom
AU  - Chowdhury, Arif
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Analysis of Successful Flexible Pavement Sections in Texas - Including Development of a Web Site and Database
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
AB  - This report documents a cooperative effort to gather and make available information about flexible pavements which have been identified by the Texas Department of Transportation as superior performers compared to similar pavement structures carrying similar traffic loads. Analyses of available construction records for these pavements and the results of pavement testing performed during this project are provided. A web site was created to store and make available information about successful flexible pavements and also to allow online nomination of additional pavements into the database by field personnel.
KW  - Databases
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Flexible pavements
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Texas
KW  - Websites (Information retrieval)
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5472-1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884272
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122340
AU  - Inman, Vaughan William
AU  - Davis, Gregory W
AU  - El-Shawarby, Ihab
AU  - Rakha, Hesham Ahmed
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Test Track and Driving Simulator Evaluations of Warnings to Prevent Right-Angle Crashes at Signalized Intersections
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 49p
AB  - Two experiments (simulator and test track) were conducted to validate the concept of a system designed to warn potential victims of a likely red-light violator. The warning system uses sensors to detect vehicles that are unlikely to stop at red traffic signals and uses signs and flashing lights to warn drivers who might collide with a violator. Several human factors issues need to be addressed before such a system could be deployed. The experiments for this study addressed one of these issues--whether, if warned, a sufficient number of drivers would respond in a way that would allow them to avoid a right-angle collision. The results suggest that in the case where no other vehicles precede or follow, a majority of drivers who receive a conspicuous warning will act by braking sharply. Driver responses in both tests were similar. The test track results support the continued use of driving simulators in development of the system. Further research is required to assess responses to warnings given to drivers within a stream of traffic.
KW  - Crash avoidance systems
KW  - Human factors engineering
KW  - Red light running
KW  - Right angle crashes
KW  - Signalized intersections
KW  - Test tracks
KW  - Traffic control
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Traffic simulation
KW  - Warning systems
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/08070/index.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884078
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121957
AU  - Alicandri, Elizabeth
AU  - Hutton, Pamela
AU  - Chrysler, Susan T
AU  - Depue, Leanna
AU  - Glassman, Howard M
AU  - Granda, Thomas M
AU  - Harkey, David L
AU  - Smith, Thomas J
AU  - Warhoftig, Barry I
AU  - American Trade Initiatives
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
TI  - Improving Safety and Mobility for Older Road Users in Australia and Japan
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 56p
AB  - Age-related declines in vision, cognition, and physical ability affect how older road users drive and use other transportation modes. The Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program sponsored a scanning study to assess infrastructure improvements designed to aid older road users in Australia and Japan. The scan team found that using a systems approach provides for integration of safety of older roads users and that enhancing safety for older road users improves safety for all. The team also observed engineering, policy, and educational programs that can improve the safety and mobility of older road users. Team recommendations for U.S. implementation include integrating information from the scan on infrastructure improvements benefiting older road users into relevant U.S. documents, encouraging partnerships between government and nongovernment organizations to address older road users’ needs, and developing a research program on policies and interventions targeted to older road users.
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged drivers
KW  - Australia
KW  - Education
KW  - FHWA International Scanning Program
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Japan
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Policy
KW  - Public private partnerships
KW  - Study tours
KW  - Systems analysis
KW  - Transportation infrastructure
UR  - http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl09001/oru.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30639/oru.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884091
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01120581
AU  - Romero, Pedro
AU  - VanFrank, Kevin M
AU  - Nielson, Jason N
AU  - University of Utah, Salt Lake City
AU  - Utah Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Analysis of the Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device to Predict Behavior of Asphalt Mixtures at Different Test Temperatures
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 48p
AB  - The Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device (HWTD) has been used by Utah Department of Transportation to evaluate the asphalt mixture potential for failure in rutting and moisture damage. The test is run at 50 ºC regardless of the type of mix or the grade of asphalt binder used to prepare the mixture. This work shows that this one temperature is adequate to capture the performance of mixtures prepared with modified binders with a high temperature grade of 64 but not for mixtures prepared with high performance binders with a high temperature grade of 70. It is therefore recommended that the test temperature be raised to 54 ºC when PG 70 binders are used.
KW  - Asphalt mixtures
KW  - Bituminous binders
KW  - Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Modified binders
KW  - Moisture damage
KW  - Rutting
KW  - Temperature
UR  - http://utah.ptfs.com/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=12889
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/880449
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01120269
AU  - Fleischman, E
AU  - Boeing Aerospace Company
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - Handbook for Networked Local Area Networks in Aircraft
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 111p
AB  - This Handbook summarizes the results of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) networked local area network (LAN) study, which addresses potential safety impacts introduced by networking LANs onboard aircraft. Interconnecting previously isolated components on aircraft increases the complexity of unintended interactions between components and provides potential new access points that could be exploited to cause harm. This Handbook addresses the potential security vulnerabilities introduced by networking LANs, the safety affects of security failures, and a process for designing and certifying LANs on aircraft to ensure the safety of these new aircraft systems. This Handbook extends the current FAA safety assurance processes into airborne networked environments by leveraging the Biba Integrity Model. It builds upon existing FAA studies that articulate mechanisms to integrate RTCA/DO-178B and common criteria processes for the National Airspace System. This approach creates a safety-oriented airborne network architecture that is built upon DO-178B and ARP 4754 safety mechanisms. This Handbook discusses specific design and configuration issues upon which the civil aviation community will need to establish consistent consensus positions if the recommended architecture is to be seamlessly deployed into operational environments
KW  - Airborne
KW  - Aircraft
KW  - Aviation safety
KW  - Handbooks
KW  - Local area networks
KW  - Passenger security
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Safety and security
KW  - Software
KW  - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration
UR  - http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/air_software/media/AR-08-35.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/880368
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118688
AU  - Jarossi, Linda
AU  - Matteson, Anne
AU  - Woodrooffe, John
AU  - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
AU  - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
TI  - Buses Involved in Fatal Accidents Factbook 2006
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 70p
AB  - This document presents aggregate statistics on buses involved in traffic accidents in 2006. The statistics are derived from the Buses Involved in Fatal Accidents (BIFA) file, compiled by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. The BIFA database is a census of all buses involved in a fatal accident in the United States, and provides coverage of buses recorded in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) file. BIFA combines vehicle, accident, and occupant records from FARS with information about the physical configuration and operating authority of the bus from the BIFA survey.
KW  - Bus crashes
KW  - Buses
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - Fatality Analysis Reporting System
KW  - Statistics
KW  - United States
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/61249
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878215
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118682
AU  - Biernbaum, Lee
AU  - Gay, Kevin
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS) Safety Model Assessment and Two-Lane Urban Crash Model
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 90p
AB  - There are many reasons to be concerned with estimating the frequency and social costs of highway accidents, but most reasons are motivated by a desire to minimize these costs to the extent feasible. Competition for scarce resources is a practical necessity, and society seeks to apply those resources where they will do the most good. With highway crashes, given the high costs of misprediction in fatalities and injuries, sound information for prioritizing projects with limited funds is essential. The Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS) model applies crash prediction equations in the context of deciding which kinds of highway improvements are justified for which sections of highway. Thus, it is concerned with the effects of geometric attributes on expected highway accidents.
KW  - Crash risk forecasting
KW  - Geometric segments
KW  - Highway Economic Requirements System
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Safety models
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Two lane highways
KW  - Urban highways
UR  - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/library/published/hers-sfty-mdl-assmnt_2008.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878697
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118289
AU  - Zhan, F Benjamin
AU  - Chen, Xuwei
AU  - Texas State University, San Marcos
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - GIS Models for Analyzing Intercity Commute Patterns: A Case Study of the Austin-San Antonio Corridor in Texas
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 88p
AB  - The Texas Department of Transportation funded Project 0-5345 to reach a better understanding of intercity commute patterns in Texas and to find regional public transportation solutions for intercity commuting problems. The project’s interdisciplinary research team came from Texas Southern University, Texas State University-San Marcos, Texas Transportation Institute (TTI), and Prairie View A&M University. This report summarizes the research activities and accomplishments of the project regarding travel corridors and geographic information system (GIS) commute models, including:  development of a set of GIS-based analysis models for the identification of intercity commuting patterns and travel corridors in central Texas; examination of commuting patterns between rural communities and urban areas as well as commuting flows between different counties (cities) in a five-county study area in central Texas based on U.S. 2000 Census Journey-to-Work data; identification of traffic corridors that carry a significant amount of intercity and rural-to-urban traffic in the study area based on U.S. 2000 Census Journey-to-Work data and 2005 TTI external travel survey data; and identification of rural communities that generated the largest numbers of commuting traffic and road segments that carried a high volume of traffic. The research team found that the GIS-based analysis models are effective for analyzing commuting patterns and travel corridors. Commute flows between urban and rural areas account for about 20 percent of the total commute traffic in the study area, and inter-county commute accounts for 13 percent of the total commute traffic.
KW  - Austin (Texas)
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Census
KW  - Commuting
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Intercity travel
KW  - Intercounty travel
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Network analysis (Planning)
KW  - Rural areas
KW  - San Antonio (Texas)
KW  - Transportation corridors
KW  - Travel demand
KW  - Travel patterns
KW  - Travel surveys
KW  - Urban areas
KW  - Work trips
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878392
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118285
AU  - Obeng-Boampong, Kwaku O
AU  - Ding, Liang
AU  - Henk, Russell H
AU  - Williams, James C
AU  - Vo, Phong Thanh
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - An Assessment of Yield Treatments at Frontage Road–Exit Ramp and Frontage Road–U-Turn Merge Areas
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 94p
AB  - The goal of this research project was to assess the effectiveness of the wide variety of frontage road–exit ramp and frontage road–U-turn yield treatments that exist in Texas. In meeting this goal, researchers collected field data at a number of sites around the state of Texas that represent the array of current yield treatments in practice. In order to assess the plethora of prevailing operating characteristics (i.e., variances in speeds, volumes, driveway densities, etc.), the research team utilized simulation modeling procedures to compensate for the impracticability of the data collection effort that would be required for every possible combination thereof. Several key operational and geometric features of each case study site were carefully collected and analyzed to produce a calibrated model for each case study condition. Two levels of simulation analysis were used in this project. First, the research team developed a Level 1 procedure that involved selection of real-world sites for data collection, analysis, and simulation model calibration. After calibration of the model for each site, different yielding treatments were applied to each calibrated site. Comparisons were then made to determine if any one treatment performed better than the others. This procedure enabled researchers to look at some problematic sites that currently exist in the field and incorporate signal timing, current weaving patterns, speed and volume into the analysis. Since Level 1 analysis was limited to the geometric and traffic conditions at the selected sites, a Level 2 analysis was performed to consider the performance of various yield treatments on a wide variety of feasible scenarios/combinations of geometric and operating conditions.
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Field data
KW  - Frontage roads
KW  - Geometric design
KW  - Off ramps
KW  - Operating conditions
KW  - Texas
KW  - Traffic signal timing
KW  - Traffic simulation
KW  - Traffic speed
KW  - Traffic volume
KW  - U turns
KW  - Weaving traffic
KW  - Yield treatments
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4986-1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878397
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118106
AU  - Grant, Michael
AU  - Kuzmyak, Rich
AU  - Shoup, Lilly
AU  - Hsu, Eva
AU  - Krolik, Teddy
AU  - Ernst, David
AU  - ICF International
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - SAFETEA-LU 1808: CMAQ Evaluation and Assessment - Phase I Final Report
PY  - 2008/10//Phase I Final Report
SP  - 158p
AB  - In SAFETY-LU Section 1808, Congress required the U.S. Department of Transportation, in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to evaluate and assess the direct and indirect impacts of a representative sample of Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ)-funded projects on air quality and congestion levels.  This study responds to that request by analyzing 67 CMAQ-funded projects, using data supplied by States and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) in the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) CMAQ database.  From this information, the study team examined the estimated impacts of these projects on emissions of transportation-related pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), ozone precursors - oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) - and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), as well as on traffic congestion and mobility.  The study team also conducted additional analyses of the selected set of CMAQ-funded projects to estimate their cost-effectiveness at reducing emissions of each pollutant.
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic mitigation
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/cmaqpgs/safetealu1808/safetealu1808.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31076/safetealu1808.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/876641
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118102
AU  - Botch, Sabra R
AU  - Johnson, Robert D
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - Alcohol-Related Aviation Accidents Involving Pilots With Previous Alcohol Offenses
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 12p
AB  - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requires airmen to report legal actions involving ethanol and/or other drugs, including driving while impaired by or while under the influence of alcohol. Pilots are also required to report any administrative action resulting in denial, suspension, cancellation, or revocation of driving privileges or mandatory attendance at an educational or rehabilitation program. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fatal civil aviation accidents between the years 2000 and 2007 in which ethanol was present in the pilot, and the pilot had previously documented drug and/or alcohol offenses and/or dependence. Toxicological and aeromedical findings from pilots were collected for an 8-year period, 2000 - 2007. Case histories, accident information, and the probable cause of the accidents were obtained from the National Transportation Safety Board. Toxicological information was obtained from the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute’s Forensic Toxicology Research Laboratory. During the examined time period, 215 pilots (9%) of the 2,391 received for analysis had documented alcohol- or drug-related offenses. Of the 215 pilots, 23 (11%) had consumed ethanol prior to the fatal incident. Of these 23 pilots, 16 (~70%) had ethanol concentrations above the FAA’s legal limit of 40 mg/dL and 7 (~30%) between 20 and 40 mg/dL. Providing more detailed documentation to aviation medical examiners would aid in the determination of eligibility for medical certification and could potentially save pilots as well as their passengers’ lives. Identifying pilots with substance abuse problems is paramount for providing a safe environment to fly but also benefits the pilots who may not have addressed these issues.
KW  - Air pilots
KW  - Air transportation crashes
KW  - Alcohol abuse
KW  - Aviation safety
KW  - Crash investigation
KW  - Drunk driving
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - Toxicology
UR  - http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/faa-aviation-medicine-reports/AM08-22.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/876669
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118052
AU  - Prinzo, O Veronika
AU  - Hendrix, Alfred M
AU  - Hendrix, Ruby
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
AU  - Hendrix & Hendrix
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - Pilot English Language Proficiency and the Prevalence of Communication
Problems at Five U.S. Air Route Traffic Control Centers
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 32p
AB  - Air traffic control (ATC) voice communication is built upon a readback-hearback loop: Controllers send messages to pilots who listen and then recite back their contents. Successful communication requires participants to conduct and understand ATC radiotelephony in the same language. Since inadequate language proficiency was involved in some aviation accidents (e.g., 1996 Charkhi Dadri; 1995 Cali; 1977 Tenerife), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is requiring its contracting states to ensure that ATC personnel and flight crews are proficient communicators of the English language when operating in airspace where the English language is required. Within the U.S., data are lacking concerning the prevalence of ATC communication problems attributable to the production and comprehension of English. This report presents communication problems involving readback errors, breakdowns in communication, and requests for repetition by commercial airline pilots. An analysis was performed on 50 hrs of air-ground transmissions provided by five ARTCCs. Each controller transmission was paired with its readback. Each readback was scored for accuracy (Prinzo, Hendrix, & Hendrix, 2007). The ICAO Language Proficiency Rating Scale guided encoding English language proficiency. Aircraft call signs were used to classify transmissions by aircraft registry (U.S., Foreign) and language (English, Other), forming three groups: Foreign-English, Foreign-Other, and U.S.-English. Communications were analyzed from 832 aircraft (74% U.S., 26% Foreign) for 4,816 pilot transmissions (78% English, 22% Other). Of these aircraft transactions, 23% contained one or more communication problems. MANOVA and ANOVA revealed that when English was the primary language or pilots flew U.S. aircraft, there were fewer communication problems, less time was spent on frequency, and fewer messages were transmitted than when pilots flew foreign aircraft or the primary language was not English. A chi-square analysis of 276 communication problems revealed that English language proficiency was a factor for 75% communication problems among the Foreign-Other aircraft and 29% involving U.S.-English aircraft. The communication problems of the Foreign-English aircraft were excluded because of their joint classification with aircraft registry and language. Using the ICAO language proficiency scales as a guide revealed pronunciation (pilot accent) and fluency as contributing to communication problems among pilots of Foreign-Other registry aircraft.Among the U.S.-English flights, although fluency was a factor, it signaled uneasiness with an ATC instruction. The location of pauses, “AHs” and “Ums,” might differentiate less proficient speakers (markers appear within a phrase or cause) from more proficient speakers (markers appear before and after a phrase or clause). ICAO required that its language proficiency standards be implemented in March 2008. Being able to speak “Aviation English” may be necessary, but it may not be sufficient in limiting communication problems. Language proficiency requirements beyond the minimum specified by ICAO must be realized if communication problems are to decline.
KW  - Air pilots
KW  - Air traffic control
KW  - Air traffic controllers
KW  - English language
KW  - Flight crews
KW  - Language
KW  - Proficiency
KW  - Voice communication
UR  - http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/faa-aviation-medicine-reports/AM08-21.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/876668
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118034
AU  - Williams, Kevin W
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - Documentation of Sensory Information in the Operation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 57p
AB  - For manned aircraft, the presence of multi-sensory inputs is a given.  Pilots of manned aircraft might not even be aware of the availability of several different types of sensory inputs occurring at the same time.  However, it is likely that each type of input has a reinforcing effect on the others that allows for a rapid diagnosis and response of both normal and unusual events in the cockpit.  The situation for the pilot of an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) is much different.  UAS pilots receive information regarding the state and health of their aircraft solely through electronic displays.  This report includes a comparison of manned sensory information to sensory information available to the unmanned aircraft pilot, a review of remediations for sensory deficiencies from the current UAS inventory, a review of human factors research related to enhancing sensory information available to the UAS pilot, and a review of current FAA regulations related to sensory information requirements.  Analyses demonstrated that UAS pilots receive less and fewer types of sensory information, compared with manned aircraft pilots.  One consequence is the enhanced difficulty for UAS pilots to recognize and diagnose anomalous flight events that could endanger the safety of the flight.  Recommendations include the incorporation of multi-sensory alert and warning systems into UAS control stations.
KW  - Air pilots
KW  - Aviation safety
KW  - Distress alerting systems
KW  - Drone aircraft
KW  - Multisensory interfaces and displays
KW  - Multisensory signals
KW  - Warning systems
UR  - http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/faa-aviation-medicine-reports/AM08-23.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/876678
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118013
AU  - Chaturvedi, Arvind K
AU  - Craft, Kristi J
AU  - Cardona, Patrick S
AU  - Rogers, Paul B
AU  - Canfield, Dennis V
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - The Second Seven Years of the FAA's Postmortem Forensic Toxicology Proficiency-Testing Program
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 15p
AB  - For aircraft accident investigations, samples from pilot fatalities are analyzed at the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) for the presence of combustion gases, alcohols/volatiles, and drugs. Throughout this forensic toxicological process, a high degree of quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) is maintained, and quality improvement is continuously pursued. Under this philosophy, CAMI started a quarterly forensic toxicology proficiency-testing (PT) program in July 1991 for the analysis of postmortem specimens. In continuation of the first 7 years of the CAMI PT findings reported earlier, PT findings of the next 7 years (July 1998–April 2005) are summarized herein. During this period, 28 PT challenge survey samples (12 urine, 9 blood, and 7 tissue homogenate) with/without alcohols/volatiles, drugs, drug metabolites, and/or putrefactive amine(s) were submitted to an average of 31 participating laboratories, of which an average of 25 participants returned their result sheets—that is, 53–96% (mean = 82%). The number of respondents was dependent upon the complexity of the sample matrix, the number and types of analytes in the sample, and the associated analytical chemistry/toxicology. For example, ethanol/methanol/volatiles in urine were correctly quantitated by a higher number of participants than those for amphetamine/methamphetamine and cannabinoid levels in blood and tissues. Methods employed ranged from immunoassays to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/high-performance liquid chromatography. Analytes in survey samples were correctly identified and quantitated by a large number of participants, but some false positives of concern were reported, as some of them were abused drugs. Some of the false positives would have been avoided by not reporting those drugs solely based upon presumptive analyses. Their presence should have been confirmed, authenticated, and, if possible, quantitated by other analytical methods, which should have been based upon different analytical principles than those used during presumptive analyses. It is anticipated that the FAA's PT program would continue to serve as a tool to effectively allow its own toxicology laboratory and other participating laboratories for professional and technical maintenance and advancement on a voluntary, interlaboratory, and self-evaluative basis. Furthermore, this PT program will continue to provide service to the forensic toxicology scientific community through this important part of the QC/QA for the laboratory accreditation to withstand professional and judicial scrutiny of analytical results.
KW  - Air transportation crashes
KW  - Crash investigation
KW  - Forensic medicine
KW  - Proficiency testing
KW  - Quality assurance
KW  - Quality control
KW  - Toxicology
UR  - http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/faa-aviation-medicine-reports/AM08-24.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/876666
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115774
AU  - Perk, Victoria
AU  - Flynn, Jennifer
AU  - Volinski, Joel M
AU  - National Center for Transit Research
AU  - Research and Special Programs Administration
AU  - Florida Department of Transportation
TI  - Transit Ridership, Reliability and Retention
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 160p
AB  - This project explores two major components that affect transit ridership: travel time reliability and rider retention. It has been recognized that transit travel time reliability may have a significant impact on attractiveness of transit to many current and prospective riders. Accuracy of predictions of transit ridership based on transit travel time reliability is becoming increasingly important. Knowledge of what transit improvements the potential transit customer responds to will help transit agencies to provide better services. In addition, transit agencies are constantly attempting to keep the riders they have and attract new riders to their service. A good understanding of these riders is necessary to develop and implement strategies for retaining them. Armed with an understanding of why people stop using transit and what makes a loyal transit customer, transit agencies can focus their planning and marketing efforts in ways that retain and increase ridership. Finally, infrequent riders represent a promising potential growth market. Transit agencies across the country have used a variety of strategies to increase the frequency of usage by infrequent riders. These strategies fall into a number of categories, including marketing, fare structure, network structure, and passenger information systems. This research will benefit the transit industry by enhancing its performance and relevance.
KW  - Customer retention
KW  - On time performance
KW  - On time reliability
KW  - Passenger traffic
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Ridership
KW  - Service reliability
KW  - Travel time
UR  - http://www.nctr.usf.edu/pdf/77607.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875466
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115537
AU  - Senseney, Christopher T
AU  - Bee, Geoffrey T
AU  - Seldon, Kristi L
AU  - Nocks, Christopher S
AU  - Mooney, Michael A
AU  - Colorado School of Mines
AU  - Colorado Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Improving Quality Assurance of MSE Wall and Bridge Approach Earthwork Compaction
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 79p
AB  - The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of new devices for quality assurance (QA) of Class 1 backfill in mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall and bridge approach earthwork compaction. Extensive testing at two construction sites, an MSE wall project near Golden, CO, and multiple MSE wall/bridge approach projects near Wheat Ridge, CO, revealed that the light weight deflectometer (LWD), dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), and Clegg Hammer are all capable of assessing the compacted state of Class 1 backfill. Field test data also revealed that the current Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) practice of single position nuclear gauge (NG) testing is inadequate. An evaluation of field data demonstrated that target values (TVs) exist for the LWD modulus (ELWD), Clegg Impact Value (CIV), and DCP penetration index that could serve as surrogates for the current 95% compaction requirement. The DCP exhibited two key limitations: moisture sensitivity and penetration resistance from placed geogrid (MSE walls) and geofabric (bridge approach). Because the LWD and Clegg Hammer do not possess the same limitations, these two devices were deemed most suitable for QA of MSE wall and bridge approach earthwork compaction. The authors recommend CDOT implement a pilot study using the LWD and Clegg Hammer in conjunction with NG testing with the following objectives: (1) identify ELWD and CIV TVs for various soils, site and moisture conditions, seasons, etc.; (2) evaluate if/how TVs change with these conditions; (3) populate a database of TVs; and (4) allow CDOT inspectors, consultants, and contractors to evaluate the devices.
KW  - Backfill soils
KW  - Bridge approaches
KW  - Clegg impact hammer
KW  - Cone penetrometers
KW  - Deflectometers
KW  - Earth walls
KW  - Earthwork
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Geogrids
KW  - Geotextiles
KW  - Golden (Colorado)
KW  - Light weight deflectometers
KW  - Mechanically stabilized earth
KW  - Nuclear gages
KW  - Quality assurance
KW  - Soil compaction
KW  - Target values
KW  - Wheat Ridge (Colorado)
UR  - http://www.dot.state.co.us/publications/PDFFiles/compaction.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875483
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115533
AU  - Tufte, Kristin A
AU  - Kothuri, Sirisha M
AU  - Portland State University
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Assessment and Refinement of Real-Time Travel Time Algorithms for Use in Practice
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 83p
AB  - The Federal Highway Administration has strongly encouraged transportation departments to display travel times on their Dynamic Message Signs (DMSs). The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) currently displays travel time estimates on three DMSs in the Portland metropolitan area. In the near future, ODOT would like to make travel time estimates available over the Internet on tripcheck.com and via 511. The primary goal of this project was to determine the best approach for ODOT to use to estimate travel times for use on DMS signs, 511 and tripcheck.com. In addition to recommending a methodology, a crucial component of this project was to provide confidence in the estimates provided by the methodology. In the course of this project, over 500 ground truth travel time runs were collected on freeways in the Portland metropolitan area. These ground truth travel times were used to statistically analyze the performance of travel time estimation algorithms. The project report presents overall error analysis in addition to segment-by-segment analysis and recommendations for travel time estimation for all freeways in the Portland area.
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Estimates
KW  - Estimating
KW  - Freeways
KW  - Portland Metropolitan Area (Oregon)
KW  - Real time data processing
KW  - Real time information
KW  - Travel time
KW  - Variable message signs
UR  - http://www.lulu.com/items/volume_64/5683000/5683000/2/print/5683000.pdf
UR  - http://www.otrec.us/main/document.php?doc_id=988
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31600/31692/OTREC-RR-08-02_Tufte_RealTimeTravel_FinalReport.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875478
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115525
AU  - Renne, John L
AU  - Sanchez, Thomas W
AU  - Litman, Todd
AU  - University of New Orleans
AU  - Federal Transit Administration
TI  - National Study on Carless and Special Needs Evacuation Planning: A Literature Review
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 110p
AB  - The objective of this study was to research how state departments of transportation (DOTs), metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), transit agencies, and local governments are considering, in the context of their emergency preparedness planning, the unique needs of minority, low-income, elderly, disabled, and limited English proficient (LEP) persons, especially for households without vehicles (referred to as “carless” in this report). This study provides guidance to ensure that future evacuations efficiently and effectively accommodate disadvantaged populations, including people who for any reasons lack access to private automobile transportation. For this review the authors scanned several sources including state DOTs, MPOs, transit agencies, and local government emergency preparedness planning for information on the evacuation of carless residents, including minority, low-income, elderly, disabled and residents with limited mobility and health problems. The review includes scholarly, professional, and government sources, highlighting best practices, and identifying areas of weakness within the field of emergency preparedness with respect to the target population of this study. This review discusses different needs for different types of natural and human-induced disasters. It also discusses the role for an integrated, multi-modal approach for evacuation planning so all levels of government can assist with evacuating people in the most efficient manner possible. This literature review serves to characterize the current state of thinking and practice on the subject of carless and special needs evacuation planning.
KW  - Aged
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Disaster preparedness
KW  - Evacuation
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - Local government
KW  - Low income groups
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Minorities
KW  - Persons with disabilities
KW  - Planning
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - State of the practice
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transportation disadvantaged persons
UR  - http://planning.uno.edu/docs/CarlessEvacuationPlanning.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875406
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115482
AU  - Maritime Administration
AU  - Transportation Economics and Management Systems, Incorporated
TI  - Impact of High Oil Prices on Freight Transportation: Modal Shift Potential in Five Corridors
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 60p
AB  - Oil prices have undergone some dramatic fluctuations over the past few months. Recently they were more than double the level they were just five years ago. Oil prices are expected to rise again because supply is not likely to keep up with demand once economic growth returns. In order to understand the impact of oil prices on transportation markets and their logistics chains, the Maritime Administration sponsored a study that reviewed U.S. and international forecasts of potential oil prices and assessed how higher fuel prices would impact different modes of transportation. The study found that: (1) The more fuel-efficient rail and water modes are far less affected by fuel price increases than trucking, particularly over longer shipping distances and where Roll-On/Roll-Off vessels, which have significantly lower fixed intermodal drayage and port costs, can be used. (2) Increased demand for rail/truck intermodal services is depleting available rail capacity, making existing and potential water services even more attractive. (3) Analysis of five major U.S. freight corridors that serve over 95 percent of the U.S. population – Great Lakes (and St. Lawrence Seaway), Gulf Coast, Mississippi River, East Coast, and West Coast – indicates that domestic waterborne containerized traffic has the potential to increase by a factor of 2 to 3 as diesel fuel prices rise from $2 up to $7 per gallon. (4) The Great Lakes, Mississippi River, and Gulf Coast freight corridors generate sufficient domestic traffic volume to initiate new water services. (5) Along both the East and West Coast, a portion of the huge and growing volume of U.S. international trade now distributed inland through gateway Atlantic and Pacific seaports can be moved by new coastal feeder services. As the economy revives and energy demand grows, oil prices should rise again. Higher fuel prices should encourage investment in waterborne transportation by providing a cost incentive for a significantly enhanced role for water in the U.S. transportation network. The full report and the executive summary are available on the Maritime Administration web site.
KW  - Container traffic
KW  - Domestic transportation
KW  - Freight corridors
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Fuel consumption
KW  - Logistics
KW  - Markets
KW  - Modal shift
KW  - Oils
KW  - Prices
KW  - Railroads
KW  - Supply chain management
KW  - Water transportation
UR  - http://marad.dot.gov/documents/Modal_Shift_Study_-_Technical_Report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874779
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115384
AU  - Logendran, Rasaratnam
AU  - Wang, Lijuan
AU  - Oregon State University, Corvallis
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Dynamic Travel Time Estimation Using Regression Trees
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 115p
AB  - This report presents a methodology for travel time estimation by using regression trees. The dissemination of travel time information has become crucial for effective traffic management, especially under congested road conditions. In the absence of collected actual observations on travel time, the vehicle speed can be predicted by using regression trees, which in turn is used as a proxy to estimate the travel time. To maintain stable prediction ability in both free flow conditions and near-capacity flow conditions on freeways, the regression tree model developed for this study includes thirteen explanatory variables, categorized in four variable types: traffic flow, incident related, weather data, and time of day. A total of four characterization standards (outliers, weather, incidents, and weekday/weekend) are used to characterize the daily traffic data sets to determine the best regression tree model(s) to predict a day in certain characterization. The results show that not only do the regression tree models have accurate prediction ability of vehicle speed and promising ability to estimate travel time, but also the regression tree models built upon other characterizations are preferred to predict a certain characterization. The loop-detector data on PORTAL (Portland Oregon Regional Transportation Archive Listing) system, for the I5-I205 loop in Portland, Oregon, is used to demonstrate the applicability of regression trees in this report.
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Mathematical prediction
KW  - Portland (Oregon)
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Speed
KW  - Travel time
KW  - Trees (Mathematics)
UR  - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/Dynamic_Travel_Time.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873945
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115379
AU  - Moses, Ren
AU  - FAMU-FSU College of Engineering
AU  - Florida Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Civil Engineering Support for Telemetered Traffic Monitoring Sites
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 62p
AB  - This project was aimed at providing various civil engineering support services for the telemetered traffic monitoring sites operated by the Statistics Office of the Florida Department of Transportation. This was a companion project to the one that provided electrical engineering support services for the same sites. The results of two main tasks undertaken in this project are reported herein. The first main task was aimed at evaluating a traffic sensor used for measuring vehicle lengths. The second main task was aimed at researching dual-tire sensor by developing optimal segment length and developing classification algorithm that includes a dual-tire variable as one of the classification variables. The results of the studies provided the Statistics Office with performance evaluation of length-based vehicle sensor and the efficacy of dual-tire sensing and algorithm development.
KW  - Civil engineering
KW  - Florida Department of Transportation
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Telemetry
KW  - Traffic surveillance
UR  - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_PL/FDOT_BD543-12_rpt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874886
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115351
AU  - Pesti, Geza
AU  - Wiles, Poonam
AU  - Cheu, Ruey Long
AU  - Songchitruksa, Praprut
AU  - Shelton, Jeffrey
AU  - Cooner, Scott A
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Traffic Control Strategies for Congested Freeways and Work Zones
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 126p
AB  - The primary objective of the research was to identify and evaluate effective ways of improving traffic operations and safety on congested freeways. There was particular interest in finding condition-responsive traffic control solutions for the following problem areas: (1) end-of-queue warning, (2) work zones with lane closure, and (3) queue spillover at exit ramps. Available techniques considered by this research include combination of static and dynamic queue warning systems, dynamic merge control in advance of freeway lane closures, and various traffic control strategies, such as traffic diversion and ramp metering, to mitigate queue spillover at exit ramps. Three sets of evaluation studies were conducted: first, two queue warning systems deployed on IH 610 and US 59 in Houston, Texas, were evaluated based on field observations. Second, strategies to resolve a ramp spillover problem at an exit ramp in El Paso, Texas, were analyzed using traffic simulations. Third, the Dynamic Merge work zone traffic control concept was evaluated using traffic simulations, and recommendations were developed for its potential use for various work zone types with different lane closure configurations.
KW  - El Paso (Texas)
KW  - Freeway operations
KW  - Freeways
KW  - Houston (Texas)
KW  - Lane closure
KW  - Merging control
KW  - Off ramps
KW  - Queue length
KW  - Spillback effects (Traffic)
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Traffic simulation
KW  - Warning systems
KW  - Work zone safety
KW  - Work zone traffic control
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5326-2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874575
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115344
AU  - Bonneson, James A
AU  - Pratt, Michael Paul
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Calibration Factors Handbook: Safety Prediction Models Calibrated with Texas Highway System Data
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 160p
AB  - Highway safety is an ongoing concern to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). As part of its proactive commitment to improving highway safety, TxDOT is moving toward including quantitative safety analyses earlier in the project development process. The objectives of this research project are: (1) the development of safety design guidelines and evaluation tools to be used by TxDOT designers, and (2) the production of a plan for the incorporation of these guidelines and tools in the planning and design stages of the project development process. This document summarizes the research conducted and the conclusions reached during the development of safety prediction models for intersections and highway segments in Texas. Models were developed for urban and suburban arterial intersections, urban and suburban arterial street segments, rural multilane highway segments, and urban and rural freeway segments. They were subsequently calibrated using Texas highway system data. Selected accident modification factors were also developed and calibrated. These factors address several geometric design elements, including turn bay presence, median width, barrier presence, and weaving section length.
KW  - Accident modification factors
KW  - Arterial highways
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Freeways
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Handbooks
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Intersections
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Mathematical prediction
KW  - Multilane highways
KW  - Texas
KW  - Texas Department of Transportation
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4703-5.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874652
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115315
AU  - Cohagen, Laila
AU  - Pang, Jason B K
AU  - Eberhard, Marc O
AU  - Stanton, John F
AU  - University of Washington, Seattle
AU  - University of Washington, Seattle
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Office of the Secretary of Transportation
TI  - A Precast Concrete Bridge Bent Designed to Re-Center After an Earthquake
PY  - 2008/10//Research Report
SP  - 131p
AB  - In this study the post-earthquake residual displacements of reinforced concrete bridge bents were investigated. The system had mild steel that was intended to dissipate energy and an unbonded, post-tensioned tendon that was supposed to remain elastic and re-center the column. The columns tested had different mild steel to prestress ratios, which affected their re-centering ability. A re-centering ratio developed by Hieber (2005), which took into account the external axial load, initial prestress force, and the mild steel ratio, was used to predict these re-centering capabilities. Two 40 percent scale specimens with large-bar connection details and a central unbonded, post-tensioned tendon were tested by using pseudo-static loading. The large-bar system is a rapidly constructible precast system for use in seismic regions. The test columns had re-centering ratios of 1.6 and 1.2. A column with the same connection details but no prestress and a re-centering ratio of 0.9 was used as reference. The displacement at zero force in the test was used as a proxy for the residual displacement after an earthquake. The tests showed that columns with a larger re-centering ratio did experience lower residual drifts, although this distinction only became clear for drift ratios that exceeded 2 percent. The tests also showed that increases in post-tensioning force led to slight increases in damage at high drift ratios.
KW  - Bents
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Displacements (Structural)
KW  - Earthquake resistant design
KW  - Earthquakes
KW  - Precast concrete
KW  - Recentering
UR  - http://depts.washington.edu/trac/bulkdisk/pdf/684.3.pdf
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/684.3.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874767
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115184
AU  - Stamatiadis, Nikiforos
AU  - Hartman, Don
AU  - Pigman, Jerry
AU  - University of Kentucky, Lexington
AU  - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Practical Solution Concepts for Planning and Designing Roadways in Kentucky
PY  - 2008/10//Research Report
SP  - 35p
AB  - Kentucky’s highway agency has embarked upon an initiative tagged “Practical Solutions” which sets its goal toward reducing costs throughout the project development process extended into operations and maintenance of all highway facilities. This study focuses on the planning and design stages of project development. Developing a procedure that yields up to the maximum margin of return for the investment requires an approach that takes into account specific safety issues and the commensurate design elements for each roadway. Such an approach requires that the project : 1) achieves the stated goals/objectives and 2) delivers the highest rate of return for the investment. The purpose of this study was to examine available research and develop a hypothetical example to establish the efficacy of a practical solutions approach to planning and design as well as to propose a concept and principles for application and provide a real world example of the practical design that could be achieved.
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Highway maintenance
KW  - Highway operations
KW  - Highway planning
KW  - Highway transportation
KW  - Kentucky
KW  - Planning and design
KW  - Return on investment
UR  - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_08_30_SPR_369_08.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875156
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112644
AU  - Overman, John H
AU  - University Transportation Center for Mobility
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Regional Coordination Workshops
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 50p
AB  - There is a demonstrated need for outreach, education, training and technology transfer to public transportation providers, rural transit districts, mobility managers, councils of governments and staff involved in regional human service transit coordination. This project addresses those needs by providing training and technology transfer based on recent research efforts at various institutions to improve regional coordination and transit services. The Regional Coordination Workshop served as the venue to deliver the workshops in themed learning tracks. High priority workshop topics include: partnership development, marketing techniques, public involvement, and information technology applications. The Regional Coordination Workshop was held on July 23 and 24, 2008 at the Omni Austin Hotel at Southpark in Austin, Texas and attended by 172 participants from a variety of agencies and organizations involved in regional human service transit coordination. Regional Coordination Workshop materials and presentations can be found on the Regional Service Planning website (www.regionalserviceplanning.org).
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Information technology
KW  - Marketing
KW  - Partnerships
KW  - Public participation
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Regional planning
KW  - Technology transfer
KW  - Training
KW  - Workshops
UR  - http://utcm.tamu.edu/publications/final_reports/Overman_08-26-11.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872433
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01470019
AU  - Tull, Monte P
AU  - Havlicek, Joseph P
AU  - Atiquzzman, Mohammed
AU  - Runolfsson, Thordur
AU  - Sluss, James J
AU  - University of Oklahoma, Norman
AU  - Oklahoma Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Advanced Voice and Multimedia Communications System for the ODOT ITS Network
PY  - 2008/09/30/Final Report
SP  - 19p
AB  - Across the State of Oklahoma there are a multitude of agencies, at the federal, state, and local levels, all responsible for responding to emergency situations.  Many of these agencies have a presence on the private Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Network; however, these ITS console operators, heretofore, relied on public switched telephone network (PSTN) communications for coordination activities.  In addition, many of these agencies use shortwave radios as a means of internal agency communication.  Due to the independent nature of these agencies they are unable to communicate with each other using their agency specific radios. The goal of this project is to determine how these communication issues can be resolved by utilizing the large private ODOT ITS Network connecting these agencies.  This work addressed both the ITS Network inter-console communication and the inter-agency radio voice bridging.  In both cases, a low cost solution, as well as, preservation of the ITS Network integrity and security were primary considerations.
KW  - Communication devices
KW  - Communication systems
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Emergency communication systems
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Oklahoma
KW  - Oklahoma Department of Transportation
KW  - Radio
KW  - Shortwave radio
KW  - Voice over Internet Protocol
UR  - http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/spr-rip/library/reports/fhwa-ok0804.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1237857
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01467637
TI  - CDL Third-Party Testing Anti-Fraud Software aka Commercial Skills Test Information Management System (CSTIMS)
AB  - This project launches web-based Software as a Service for use by motor vehicle administrators to detect and/or deter fraud perpetrated during commercial driver's license (CDL)  skills testing activities.  The project will incorporate enhancements to accommodate the May 2011 CDL Testing and Commercial Learners Permit Rule.
KW  - Commercial drivers
KW  - Commercial drivers licenses
KW  - Driving tests
KW  - Fraud
KW  - Motor vehicle departments
KW  - Software
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1235873
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464612
TI  - Developing, Enhancing, and Sustaining Tribal Transit Services
AB  - The integral relationship between access to transportation and quality of life is well known. Yet many citizens across the country struggle with access to health care, education, jobs, businesses, and entertainment. This is especially true of many Native American communities. Although Native Americans living in "Indian Country" (on or near Indian reservations or designated Indian statistical areas) experienced marked improvement in real per capita income growth during the decade of the 1990s relative to the rest of the U.S. population (33% vs. 11%), even as the Native American population grew by more than 20%, this predominantly rural segment of the U.S. population lags substantially in economic resources behind mainstream America. While 79% of the U.S. population (2000 Census) is classified as urban, this statistic is reversed for Native American communities with about three-fourths of the population classified as rural. Even with the substantial improvements in Native American community economies since 1990 (e.g., poverty rate and unemployment improvements ten times higher than the U.S. as a whole), Native Americans still fall into poverty and are unemployed at triple the rate of the U.S. population. Even with improvement of their economy, Native American families often still do not have the luxury of personal automobiles. In these cases, public transportation can literally be a life line for Native Americans to their jobs, school, health care, and other important aspects that define "quality of life". The objectives of this project are to develop (a) an information package that describes and illustrates the variety of tribal transit practices in the United States; (b) a Guidebook that provides practical materials and clear processes for tribes to develop plans for and access funds for tribal transit; and (c) strategies and materials for leveraging resources through alternative organizational models and alternative funding mechanisms in order to create and sustain effective mobility for the people.  For the purpose of this study, tribal communities (or tribes) are defined to include both tribal governments and their members.
KW  - Accessibility
KW  - Indian reservations
KW  - Native Americans
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Quality of life
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Tribal government
KW  - Tribal lands
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2363
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232843
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01345905
AU  - Maile, M
AU  - Neale, V
AU  - Ahmed-Zaid, F
AU  - Basnyake, C
AU  - Caminiti, L
AU  - Doerzaph, Z
AU  - Kass, S
AU  - Kiefer, R
AU  - Losh, M
AU  - Lundberg, J
AU  - Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System Limited to Stop Sign and Traffic Signal Violations (CICAS-V)
PY  - 2008/09/30
SP  - 75 p
AB  - The objective of the Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System for Violations (CICAS-V) is to develop and field test a comprehensive system to reduce the number of crashes at intersections due to violations of traffic control devices (TCDs), i.e. traffic lights and stop signs.  The CICAS-V system provides a salient and timely in-vehicle warning to drivers who are predicted to violate a TCD, with the aim of compelling the driver to stop.  This report presents the final summary report of the CICAS-V project.
KW  - Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System for Violations (CICAS-V)
KW  - Crash avoidance systems
KW  - Driver information systems
KW  - Intersections
KW  - Traffic control devices
KW  - Traffic safety
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_A-1_Task_3_1_-_Report__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_A-2_Task_3_2_-_Report__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_A-3_Task_3_3_-_Report__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_A-4_Task_3_4_-_Report_FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_A_Task_3_-_Report__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_B_CICAS-V_ConOps_Final_v0301_02-10-09__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_C-1_CICAS-V_HRS_Final_v0401__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_C-2_CICAS-V_SRS_v0301__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_D_CICAS-V_SAD_v0401__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_E-1_SPS_Vehicle_0401_Revised_March_16_2010__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_E-2_SDS_Infrastructure_0401_March_11_2010__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_F_Task_8_Final_Report_v2.0_Feb_9__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_G_CICAS-V_Task_10_Final_Report_4-29-10__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_H-1_CICAS-V_Task_7--Test_Procedures_Descriptions_Final_Report_Revised_03-11-10__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_H-2_CICAS-V_Task_11_Final_Report__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_I_Task_12_Final_Report_01-19-09__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_J_Task_13__Final_Report_Revised_04-08-10__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/CICAS-V_Final_Report_Rev_4-21-2010_v2_wAppendix_List__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.asd.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105465
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01338005
AU  - Tayebali, Akhtarhusein A
AU  - Knappe, Detlef R U
AU  - Mandapaka, Venkata Lakshman
AU  - North Carolina State University, Raleigh
AU  - North Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Effect of Prolonged Heating on the Asphalt-Aggregate Bond Strength of HMA Containing Liquid Anti-strip Additives
PY  - 2008/09/30/Final Report
SP  - 109p
AB  - In this study, an attempt was made to determine the effect of prolonged heating on the bond strength between aggregate and asphalt that contained anti-strip additives (LOF 6500 and Morelife 2200). On account of the substantial decrease of anti-strip additive contents for both asphalt binders and mixes when subjected to prolonged heating, whether the loss of additive content due to storage and transport at elevated temperatures affects mix performance in terms of moisture sensitivity or not, was evaluated in this study. A series of tests, namely Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) test, Contact Angle test, Pneumatic Adhesion test and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) test were performed, and the results obtained from each of these tests were compared to come to a reliable conclusion regarding effectiveness of the various tests for assessing the effect of prolonged heating on the adhesive bond strength. Results obtained from the TSR test clearly show that as the prolonged heating duration increased, the TSR values failed the limiting value of 85% as followed by North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) specification in as little as six hours and continued to further decrease with heating duration. Tests were also conducted on asphalt cement containing LOF 6500 antistrip additive using the contact angle goniometer, PATTI device and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results obtained in this study were inconclusive for the above mentioned three devices.
KW  - Aggregates
KW  - Antistrip additives
KW  - Asphalt
KW  - Asphalt cement
KW  - Bond strength (Materials)
KW  - Heating
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Moisture sensitivity
KW  - Tensile strength
KW  - Tensile strength ratio
KW  - Testing equipment
UR  - http://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/tpb/research/download/2007-08FinalReport.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36100/36131/2007-08FinalReport.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1100655
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01207868
AU  - Ishak, Sherif
AU  - Wolshon, Brian
AU  - Schwehm, Chris
AU  - Rayaprolu, Pradeep
AU  - Sridhar, Bharath
AU  - Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
AU  - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development
AU  - Louisiana Transportation Research Center
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Establishing an Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Lab at LTRC
PY  - 2008/09/30/Final Report
SP  - 89p
AB  - The primary goal of this research project is to lay the foundation for establishing a state-of-the-art Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) lab at the Louisiana Transportation Research Center (LTRC), where data will be collected, analyzed, and reported as part of the ITS effort in Louisiana. The ITS lab is envisioned to serve as a central repository for traffic data collected in the state of Louisiana. The data will be transformed into useful information that is instrumental to procedures and applications that benefit the Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD), the local government, and the general public. The lab is also anticipated to be a tool to retain, recruit, and inspire interest in the field of advanced traffic management systems for students in Louisiana as well as potential graduate students from outside Louisiana. In this project, the research team highlighted the importance of ITS data and the significant efforts made by several state agencies and universities in the past few years to establish similar robust data archival systems and make them available to stakeholders. Several universities followed suit and established their own ITS labs to collect data to support their research needs. Examples were found in state universities such as Portland State University, University of California at Irvine, Florida International University, Washington State University, etc. Based on a thorough review and assessment of the existing hardware and communication infrastructure at the designated location of the lab, several recommendations for hardware upgrades and software acquisition were identified. The project also identified the necessary equipment and cost to build the lab. Moreover, to properly and securely maintain the continuous operation of the ITS lab, a set of policies were recommended for the ITS lab users/operators. As a proof of concept, the research team was successful in setting up an automated procedure to stream traffic data in real time from Baton Rouge Advanced Traffic Management Center (ATMC) to LTRC every 30 seconds from a total of 62 detectors along the corridors of I-10, I- 12, and I-110 in the Baton Rouge area. Other data sources were also identified and include the southern region of Louisiana, which is currently monitored by the ECONOLITE Data Collection and Management System (DCMS). Another viable data source that was identified are weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations used throughout Louisiana for truck weight enforcement. During the course of this project, the research team identified several applications that can be supported by the ITS data to be collected at the lab. Such applications include, but are not limited to, highway incident detection and management, travel time estimation and prediction, work zone management, ramp metering, crash analysis, new concepts such as managed lanes and congestion pricing, highway breakdown and recovery analysis, traffic signal optimization, calibration of microscopic simulation models, implementation of new pavement design procedures, and others.
KW  - Advanced traffic management systems
KW  - Highway traffic control
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - ITS program applications
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - Traffic data
UR  - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2010/fr_456.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/968088
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124965
AU  - Aziz, Nadim M
AU  - Khan, Abdul A
AU  - Clemson University
AU  - South Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Frequency and Time Distribution of Rainfall in South Carolina
PY  - 2008/09/30/Final Report
SP  - 35p
AB  - This report presents the results of the study of rainfall characteristics and patterns in South Carolina.  Analysis involved the assessment of rainfall patterns with special attention to rainfall along the coastal area, the development of new rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, and the development of new rainfall distribution patterns.  The study also involved installing 19 rainfall gauging stations in key areas in the state, collecting the rainfall data at these sites, and developing a website to monitor rainfall at these sites.  The depth-duration-frequency curves and isopluvial maps for South Carolina were developed using the available rainfall data.  A total of 17 durations ranging from 15 minutes to 120 hours for return periods of 2, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years were analyzed.  At-site statistics were calculated to develop frequency relationships and the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test was used to determine the best fit probability distribution.  The new IDF curves were found to be slightly lower than the existing curves developed in 1986.  The difference between the two sets of curves can be attributed to the removal of the outliers in the present study and the existence of the post 1986 drought conditions.  The spatial interpolation of the rainfall intensity from the depth-duration-frequency curves yielded accurate IDF curves and could be used to develop these curves at ungauged sites in the study area.  Dimensionless design rainfall patterns for South Carolina were also developed based on actual rainfall events as an alternative to the presently used Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curves that are based on rainfall bursts.  The rainfall data were analyzed, and previously used methods of separating a rainfall event out of the continuous dataset were evaluated and modified for the present application.  Two distinct non-dimensional rainfall patterns, one for short durations of rainfall and the other for long durations, were identified.  Though the general patterns for South Carolina were similar to rainfall patterns generated for other states in recent studies, they were markedly different when compared to the SCS Type II and Type III curves currently used in South Carolina.  Finally, rainfall patterns along the coast of South Carolina were also studied to determine if there is a historical trend of increasing or decreasing rainfall.  Several decades of existing data did not provide a conclusive result.  At some locations, the total annual rainfall amounts increased then decreased while at other sites no discernible change could be ascertained.
KW  - Coasts
KW  - Intensity-duration-frequency curves
KW  - Maps
KW  - Rain gages
KW  - Rainfall
KW  - Rainfall distribution patterns
KW  - South Carolina
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886123
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118736
AU  - White, Thomas D
AU  - Littlefield, Joshua C
AU  - Pittman, Jaime
AU  - Plummer, Robert C
AU  - Easterling, Jonathan R
AU  - Owens, James R
AU  - Mississippi State University, Mississippi State
AU  - Mississippi Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Characterization for the 2002 AASHTO Design Guide
PY  - 2008/09/30/Final Report
SP  - 120p
AB  - The two study objectives were to conduct dynamic modulus and APA rutting tests of selected Mississippi hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. A total of twenty-five mixtures were tested including aggregate combinations of gravel and gravel/limestone; 9.5mm, 12.5mm and 19.0mm NMAS gradations; asphalt binder grades of PG 67-22, PG 76-22 and 82-22; and compaction Ndesign levels of 50, 65 and 85. Twenty-four of the mixtures were designed for four percent air voids and one was designed for three percent air voids. Sample preparation proved to be problematic. Target air void content for the dynamic modulus samples was 7.0±0.5 percent. Results (air voids) for a given compaction level can vary with gradation, aggregate type, asphalt content and mass of mix compacted. Another problem is the density gradient of Superpave gyratory compacted cylindrical samples. Developers of the test method minimized the density gradient by cutting a 100mm core from the larger, original 150mm sample. To achieve the target air void content of 7.0±0.5 percent for cored dynamic modulus test specimens, the 150mm samples were compacted to an air void level of approximately 8.0±0.5 percent. Because of uncertainty in the air void level that would be produced, four to five 150mm samples of a mixture were compacted with a goal of producing three with the target air void level. The cored 100mm diameter test specimens were checked that the target 7.0±0.5 percent air void level was achieved. In some cases, new samples and cored specimens had to be prepared with an adjusted air void level. After compaction, specimen preparation for dynamic modulus testing requires fixtures, coring equipment and saw rugged enough to produce specimens meeting required geometric tolerances. Some end spalling during sawing was largely stopped by wrapping duct tape around the specimen’s ends. Results of the study were parameters of the fitted sigmoid functions and associated shift factors of the master curve for twenty-fine HMA mixtures. Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) will use these functions to estimate HMA dynamic modulus as input for calibrating the 2002 pavement design guide. Asphalt Pavement Analyzer rutting test results for the twenty-five mixtures are compared with MDOT rutting criteria.
KW  - Air voids
KW  - Asphalt mixtures
KW  - Asphalt Pavement Analyzer
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Compaction
KW  - Dynamic models
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Mississippi
KW  - Rutting
KW  - Superpave
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44500/44559/State_Study_166_-_Hot_Mix_Asphalt__HMA__Characterization_for_the_2002_AASHTO_Design_Guide.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878511
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01325159
AU  - Gilbo, Eugene P
AU  - Oiesen, Rick
AU  - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - A New Method for Determining A Sector Alert
PY  - 2008/09/29
SP  - 16p
AB  - The Traffic Flow Management System (TFMS) currently declares an alert for any 15-minute interval in which the predicted demand exceeds the Monitor/Alert Parameter (MAP) for any airport, sector, or fix. For a sector, TFMS predicts the demand for each minute, and TFMS uses the demand of the peak minute in a 15-minute interval to decide whether to declare an alert for the entire 15-minute interval. Using the peak demand from a single minute to declare alerts has been criticized for three reasons. First, the demand from a single minute is a flawed measure of workload for the entire 15-minute interval. Second, using demand for a single minute leads to instability; that is, slight fluctuations in demand from minute to minute can lead to alerts flickering on and off. Third, the interval that is alerted depends on the arbitrary, 15-minute boundaries. To deal with these problems with the current method of declaring alerts, and to develop a method of declaring alerts that matches more closely the intuition of traffic managers about what patterns of demand represent a potential problem, this report proposes using information about both the magnitude and duration of excess demand to determine if there is an alert. To make this determination, this report defines three parameters: a, b, and Δ. By choosing particular values for these parameters, TFMS could control the magnitude and duration of excess demand that is required to trigger an alert. The thinking expressed by traffic managers is that a single minute of slightly excess demand should not be enough to trigger an alert. Therefore, a parameter a is defined as the number of minutes of excess demand that must occur for there to be an alert. (Excess demand means that the demand for a minute exceeds the MAP.) For example, if a = 3, then at least three minutes of excess demand are needed for an alert. The next question is how bunched in time these three minutes need to be. The proposal is that at least b consecutive minutes of normal, i.e., not excess, demand, are enough to prevent or end an alert. The larger a is set, and the smaller b is set, the harder it is for an alert to occur. Traffic managers also state that while one minute of slightly excess demand is not enough to justify an alert, even one minute of significant excess demand is enough. Therefore, the parameter Δ is used to determine how large the demand for a single minute should be to trigger an alert. If demand for a minute is greater than MAP + Δ , an alert is declared. This is called a short-term alert since it can arise from the demand for a single minute, while the type of alert explained in the previous paragraph is called a long-term alert. Discussions with traffic managers have led to the conclusion that this proposed new method of determining alerts holds promise, but it would be premature to say that it is ready to be implemented in TFMS. Therefore, it is proposed that a prototype of this method be implemented so that traffic managers can try it and also so that analysis can be carried out. This prototype could be used, for example, to try different values for the various parameters, and it could then be seen how this affected the frequency and stability of alerts. A prototype would also allow traffic managers to evaluate the usefulness of the concepts of short- and long-term alerts and to determine whether any alternate definition might be more useful. Some questions are whether the parameters should have the same value for the country as a whole, whether they should have the same values for every sector in each center, or whether they should be separately determined for every sector. Finally, there are user interface questions, such as how these two different types of alerts should be displayed. In summary, the goal is to allow TFMS to reliably identify patterns of demand that signal a potential problem. An alert would be used to call this potential problem to the attention of a traffic manager, who could then look at the situation in detail and decide if any action is needed.
KW  - Air traffic
KW  - Air traffic control
KW  - Air traffic controllers
KW  - Alerts
KW  - Flow control (Air traffic control)
KW  - Metering (Air traffic control)
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Traffic flow
KW  - Traffic managers
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35069/Report_New_Measure_of_Sector_Alerts_DOT-VNTSC-TRM-08-11.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1086060
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01127008
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Analysis and Production of the Traffic Incident Management State Self-Assessments (TIM SA) National Report
PY  - 2008/09/29/2008 National Analysis Report
SP  - 39p
AB  - The Traffic Incident Management Self-Assessment (TIM SA) provides a means for evaluating progress in achievement of individual TIM program components and overall TIM program success in three areas: Program and Institutional Issues; Operational Issues; and Communications and Technology Issues. Now in its sixth year, the TIM SA also has allowed the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to identify program gaps and target resources to TIM program advancement. A total of 76 TIM SAs were completed in 2008, with an average overall score of 59.6% (out of a possible 100%). Overall scores are up nearly 30% (29.9%) over the Baseline scores. Continuing the trend from previous years, the highest scores were achieved in Operational Issues (66.2%) and the largest percentage increase in scores from the Baseline was in Communications and Technology Issues.
KW  - Communications
KW  - Incident management
KW  - Institutional issues
KW  - Operational issues
KW  - Operations
KW  - Self evaluation
KW  - Technology
KW  - Traffic incidents
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/timsa08/tim_na_rpt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/887720
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01465254
TI  - Effects of Split Sleep Schedules on Commercial Vehicle Driver Safety and Health
AB  - The objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences for safety and health of split sleep versus consolidated sleep by comparing the effects of consolidated nighttime sleep, split sleep, and consolidated daytime sleep on total sleep time, performance, subjective state, and biomedical measures correlated with health outcomes over the long-term.  An in-residence laboratory study was conducted in 53 healthy participants making a between group comparison of nighttime, split, or daytime sleep across 5-day simulated work week.
KW  - Commercial drivers
KW  - Commercial vehicle operations
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Hours of labor
KW  - Night shifts
KW  - Schedules
KW  - Sleep
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233487
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462569
TI  - Synthesis of Information Related to Transit Problems. Topic SE-05. Preventive Maintenance Intervals for Transit Buses
AB  - Transit bus preventive maintenance activities are performed at relatively common mileage intervals throughout the industry. In some cases the interval is manufacturer recommended. In others the interval is based on operating data from within the organization. There is anecdotal evidence suggesting that in still more cases, the mileage interval was simply borrowed from a peer organization with little, or no, other basis than 'if it worked there, it should work here'. A survey of current practice on how fixed mileage intervals are determined at different agencies would be of value to the bus fleet maintenance community. This is timely given the diversity of fleets, especially with respect to: technology, alternative fuels, climate, and maintenance philosophy. Fixed mileage intervals are also a key input to developing fleet maintenance practices - the subject of the recently released TCRP Report # 109.
KW  - Bus transit
KW  - Bus transit operations
KW  - Buses
KW  - Preventive maintenance
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Vehicle fleets
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2533
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230790
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01125395
AU  - Louie, Angie
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - City of Sacramento
TI  - Local Evaluation Report for the Arden Corridor Investment
PY  - 2008/09/26
SP  - 11p
AB  - Arden Way is one of the Sacramento urban area’s most important cross-town east-west arterial roadways. Located just north of the American River, it is a major east/west traffic arterial that passes from the City into the unincorporated County area. It serves the Interstate 80 Business Route freeway (Business 80) to the west and the unincorporated area of Sacramento County to the east. It was identified as the 3rd highest Priority Corridor in the STARNET master plan report. The Sacramento Regional Transit District (RT) operates four bus routes in this corridor consisting of about 60 scheduled runs per day that serve over 5,000 passenger boardings per day. There is a transit transfer point along the corridor along with three light rail stations on the west segment of the corridor. Some of the critical ITS investments that were implemented in the project included the following: (1)  Fiber optic communications link between the City’s hub at Arden Way and Del Paso Avenue and the County’s hub on Watt Avenue north of Arden Way; (2)  Deployment of ITS field devices (CCTV cameras and system detection); (3)  Deployment of transit signal priority (TSP) including upgrading traffic signal controllers with controllers that have TSP functionality; and  (4)  Development and implementation of new traffic signal coordination plans along the corridor, taking advantage of the new controllers’ advanced capabilities and implementation of TSP response and recovery routines.
KW  - Bus transit
KW  - Fiber optics
KW  - Highway corridors
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Light rail transit
KW  - Sacramento (California)
KW  - Traffic signal control systems
KW  - Traffic signal controllers
KW  - Traffic signal preemption
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30648/14466.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886047
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01490070
TI  - Vehicle Assist and Automation (VAA) Demonstration
AB  - This project will demonstrate the technical merits and feasibility of different Vehicle Assist and Automation (VAA) technology applications in bus revenue service, and to assess their costs and benefits. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), the cooperative agreement recipient, is partnering with Alameda County (AC) Transit, Lane Transit District (LTD), the University of California Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH), and several private sector companies. Specifically, Caltrans will test lateral guidance through toll booths and on a four-mile section of high-occupancy vehicles (HOV) lane leading to the tool plaza and on AC Transit's M line. Caltrans also plans to test lateral guidance on LTD's Franklin EmX  bus rapid transit (BRT) transitway and precision docking at BRT bus stops. These applications will each use the following VAA technologies, individually and in combination: 1) magnetic marker sensing, and 2) Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) with inertial sensors.
KW  - Alameda (California)
KW  - Automatic vehicle monitoring
KW  - Benefit cost analysis
KW  - Bus rapid transit
KW  - California Department of Transportation
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - Guidance systems (Motor vehicles)
KW  - High occupancy vehicle lanes
KW  - Magnetic markers
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Vehicle assist and automation
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1259617
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464326
TI  - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 262. Review and Update of the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design
AB  - The objective of this proposal is to develop the Third Edition of the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Isolation Design for the consideration of, and possible adoption by, the AASHTO Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures during the committee's annual meeting in 2009. 
KW  - AASHTO Guide Specifications
KW  - Base isolation
KW  - Bridge substructures
KW  - Bridge superstructures
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Earthquake resistant design
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Meetings
KW  - Structures
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2475
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232555
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462757
TI  - Specifications for Freight Transportation Data Architecture
AB  - Public and private decision makers require a comprehensive picture of freight movement in order to understand and respond to pressing transportation issues. This requires the integration of data from many sources and across all levels of government; however, the task of integrating the freight data elements into a comprehensive picture can be overwhelmed by the sheer volume of data, the statistical challenges of linking the data elements and understanding what part of the comprehensive picture they represent, proprietary interests, and national security concerns. The objective of the research is to establish the content of a freight data architecture that can be used to: integrate freight data from multiple sources to produce a national picture; guide public transportation planners on ways to obtain local detail that is consistent with the national picture; and help public and private planners better understand the local consequences of freight movements and the contributions of local shipping decisions to interregional freight activity. A well-defined and robust freight data architecture will facilitate the collection, use, and maintenance of interoperable freight data. It will reduce the cost and time of conducting freight transportation studies, as well as guide further investment in freight data collection.</font></div>
KW  - Commodity density
KW  - Data architecture
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Economic development
KW  - Freight security
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Shipping
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2408
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230980
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464625
TI  - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 241. Capacity Creation Through Innovative Design
AB  - <div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt">This study will compile a summary of innovative solutions to capacity issues using non-traditional designs.  This work will be coordinated with SHRP II.</div>
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Innovation
KW  - Planning and design
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1565
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232857
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112752
AU  - McNeil, Sue
AU  - Mizusawa, Daisuke
AU  - University of Illinois, Chicago
AU  - Wisconsin Department of Transportation
AU  - Midwest Regional University Transportation Center
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Measuring the Benefits of Implementing Asset Management Systems and Tools
PY  - 2008/09/19/Research Report
SP  - 186p
AB  - Although transportation agencies in the U.S. have been developing Asset Management Systems (AMS) for specific types of infrastructure assets, there are several barriers to the implementation of AMS. In particular, implementation and development costs are critical issues. Without showing that AMS implementation improves asset performance and that the benefits of AMS implementation outweigh the costs for AMS implementation and operation, further implementation and development will not occur. This paper documents the development of a generic methodology for quantifying the benefits derived from implementation of AMS and justifying investment in AMS implementation. The generic methodology involves three analysis methods: descriptive analysis, regression analysis, and benefit-cost analysis. These methods draw on basic principles of engineering economic analysis and apply to two types of evaluations: an ex post facto evaluation and an ex ante evaluation depending on the time frame and the availability of time series data. While the concepts are relatively simple, the challenge lies in identifying data to support the application of the methodology. This paper demonstrates how the methodology can be applied to evaluate the implementation of a pavement management system in terms of efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency (3Es).
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Benefit cost analysis
KW  - Economic benefits
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Pavement management systems
KW  - Regression analysis
UR  - http://www.mrutc.org/research/0606/06-06_FR.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872643
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462670
TI  - Guidelines for Providing Access to Public Transportation Stations
AB  - Effective access is critical to the success of public transportation services. Many passengers access these services, in particular high-capacity public transportation services (e.g., heavy rail, light rail, commuter rail, and bus rapid transit) by automobile and by feeder/circulator transit services. Some transit operators and local communities believe that feeder/circulator transit services are preferable and discourage access by private vehicles. Yet, many transit systems with new rail transit stations or transit lines built without parking provision, particularly in medium-density areas, have learned that, despite considerable feeder transit services, providing parking would build additional public transportation ridership. For some rail systems, limited station parking availability is seen as a major constraint to further ridership growth. The objective of this project is to develop a guidebook for planning and implementing effective approaches to access public transportation through the provision of parking for private vehicles and feeder/circulator transit services. The research should address past practices, best practices, cost and benefit tradeoffs, and the pros and cons of these potentially complimentary or competing methods of accessing public transportation.<br /></font></div>
KW  - Accessibility
KW  - Bus rapid transit
KW  - Feeder services
KW  - Parking
KW  - Parking facilities
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Railroad commuter service
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Ridership
KW  - Transit operating agencies
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2358
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230892
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01330475
AU  - Department of Transportation
TI  - Next Generation 9-1-1 (NG9‑1‑1) System Initiative: Proof of Concept Testing Report
PY  - 2008/09/17/Version 1.0
SP  - 81p
AB  - This report documents the methodology and results of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Next Generation 9-1-1 Initiative (NG9-1-1) Proof of Concept (POC) testing. It describes in detail the NG9-1-1 POC test results and provides a baseline for future testing of NG9-1-1 systems. The NG9-1-1 POC demonstration provided a realistic implementation and served as the culmination of previous NG9-1-1 efforts including:  1. NG9-1-1 Concept of Operations (CONOPS);  2. High-Level Requirements document;  3. Interim System Design Document;  4. Human Machine Interface Display Design Document;  5. POC Deployment Plan;  6. POC Testing Plan; and  7. POC Data Acquisition and Analysis Plan. These documents were used as a basis for planning, executing, and testing the NG9-1-1 POC system. These documents are available for download at the USDOT NG9-1-1 website: http://www.its.dot.gov/ng911.
KW  - 911 Emergency Telephone System
KW  - Emergency communication systems
KW  - Information technology
KW  - Next generation design
KW  - Proof of concept
KW  - Results
KW  - Testing
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35600/35656/NG911_POCTesTReport091708.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1093610
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464757
TI  - Framework and Tools for Estimating Benefits of Specific Freight Network Investment Needs
AB  - The existing transportation network is currently straining under the volume of freight moving through it - and those volumes are predicted to continue growing. In addition, capital investments, whether for timely maintenance or new construction, have not kept pace with freight demand. Investment decisions affecting the future of efficient freight movement have been hindered by the absence of analytical frameworks, tools, and data of sufficient quality and detail to be credibly used to estimate benefits and impacts, and to assess attendant risks. Significant capital investment is needed to improve the efficiency and productivity of freight movement. However, investment funds are scarce, and for many infrastructure investments that would improve freight movement, costs are borne and benefits are enjoyed locally and nationally by both the public and private sector. Because of this complex interrelationship, a new, consistent, and usable analytic framework is necessary to guide and focus these multidimensional investment decisions. The objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive analytical framework and related tools for estimating public and private benefits to evaluate potential freight infrastructure investments (including investments in new, replacement, maintenance, and operational systems), as well as potential funding sources. The framework should be based on a multidimensional matrix and related tools that can be used to guide the allocation of project costs among (a) private-sector freight transportation modes and shippers and (b) public-sector transportation interests such as Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), states, multi-states, and freight transportation corridors.</font></div><div><font size="3"> </font></div>
KW  - Capital investments
KW  - Commodities
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Investments
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Transportation networks
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1577
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232989
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459704
TI  - Global Climate Change: Public Planning Tools and Techniques
AB  - The objective of this work is to develop analysis tools that will allow planners and policy makers in small-to-medium metropolitan areas to evaluate how land use, transportation infrastructure, and policy changes affect travel activity and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions.  The tools will enable decision makers to evaluate the GHG implications of large-scale land use and transportation infrastructure changes and will improve public communications by enabling web-based land use/transportation/GHG analyses.  The tools will be developed using the Olympia, Washington metropolitan area as a case study.  Sonoma Technology Inc. (STI) will develop the tools in collaboration with the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), the Washington State Department of Community Trade and Economic Development (CTED), and the Thurston Regional Planning Council (TRPC).  TRPC policy makers will play an active role in tool design and testing to ensure that they meet the goal of supporting policy makers. The tools will be developed so that they can be applied in other U. S. metropolitan areas. 	The Phase I tool will enable policy makers to make improved land use decisions, will improve the planning capacity of small to medium metropolitan areas, and will serve as a resource to facilitate communication between technical staff and policy makers and between planners and the public at large.  The Phase II tool will enable decision makers to better understand the GHG implications of corridor-level infrastructure improvements.  With successful use of these tools, planners will more easily be able to take climate change impacts into consideration when considering travel demand management and congestion relief programs.
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Olympia (Washington)
KW  - Policy making
KW  - Regional planning
KW  - Research projects
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227919
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459703
TI  - Integrating Asset Valuation and Management Techniques in Long-Range Transportation Plans for Urban Areas in Mississippi
AB  - The objectives of this contract are to advance the practice and application of transportation planning among State, regional 	and local transportation planning agencies in response to the significant changes in the planning process and to identify  	new tools, techniques, and approaches that respond to national transportation planning priorities. 	 	It is relatively well-known that transportation agencies tend to maintain better information on pavements and bridges than on 	other transportation assets. The majority of transportation planning in the study area deals with those two traditionally  	highlighted asset classes.  Within the propose time-frame of sixteen months, this research will undertake the following two  	related tasks: preparing an inventory of transportation assets for the seven county region covered by the Central  	Mississippi Planning and Development District (CMPDD), and an analysis of alternative scenarios based on integrated  	asset valuation and management techniques into the related goals on long-range transportation plans such as economic  	development, accessibility and mobility, and preservation.
KW  - Accessibility
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Asset valuation
KW  - Mississippi
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Regional planning
KW  - Regional transportation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227918
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462669
TI  - Addressing Critical Shortfalls: Recruitment, Development, and Retention of High-Quality Managers for Public Transportation Systems
AB  - In all industries, high-quality managers are critical to effective performance. Public transportation systems throughout the United States need to improve the recruitment, development, and retention of managers for fixed-route and paratransit services. New managers and new management capabilities are needed because public transportation systems are changing in many communities and because many mid- and upper-managers in transit systems are "Baby Boomers" who will retire during the next 10 years. Some of the current and anticipated changes being experienced by transit systems in large, medium, and small urban and rural communities include new and expanded services, new technologies in transit's operations, maintenance and administrative functions, new organizational structures, new funding strategies, and new work force characteristics. Consequently, transit systems need to recruit and develop managers with new skills and capabilities as vacancies are filled and as new management positions evolve. Traditionally, transit systems have tended to recruit and develop managers in-house through promote-from-within practices. Although this approach generally has been successful and should not be abandoned, the changes throughout transit systems noted above require innovative approaches to recruiting, developing, and retaining managers. Public transportation is not alone in facing the challenge of building a talented and committed workforce led by dedicated and competent managers. This project is needed to examine successful organizational development and human resource practices in public transportation and other industries to identify effective recruitment, development, and retention strategies that can be adopted by or adapted to fixed-route and paratransit systems. Drawing on the experience of innovative public transportation systems and other industries, the objective of this research is to recommend effective strategies for recruiting, developing, and retaining high-quality managers for fixed-route and paratransit systems. The research results should serve large, medium, and small urban and rural public, private-for-profit, and private-nonprofit systems.
KW  - Paratransit services
KW  - Personnel retention
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Recruiting
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Senior managers
KW  - Training
KW  - Transit operating agencies
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2361
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230891
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462462
TI  - Optimization of and Maximizing the Benefits from Pavement Management Data Collection
AB  - A major component of a Pavement Management System is the regular monitoring of pavement condition to evaluate how a pavement section is performing over time and to determine when preventive and/or rehabilitative action should be taken to optimally preserve that section. While improved design procedures have significantly reduced the guesswork out of how to design a pavement section for the intended traffic and environmental conditions, construction and material variability and other uncertainties still contribute to significant variability in performance of similarly designed pavement sections and regular monitoring of pavement section is required for evaluating current condition and future performance. However, guidance is needed on: (1) optimum set of pavement condition data items for an effective pavement management system; (2) evolving technologies and possibility of new data items such as network level deflection measurements using Rolling Wheel Deflectometer (RWD); (3) optimum frequency of data collection; and (4) accuracy that should be achieved for reliable PMS analysis and decision-making. A fundamental part of this evaluation is the cost of data collection and the benefits. Of particular interest is the evaluation of incremental cost of additional pavement condition data items or increasing the frequency of data collection versus the incremental benefits.  The project includes the following four tasks: 1) Recommend an optimum set of pavement condition data items, frequency of data collection and accuracy for an effective pavement management system. 2) Develop best practices and guidelines to integrate design, material and construction information within pavement management system. 3) Recommend procedures to guide the selection of optimum timing and treatment for pavement preservation and rehabilitation of a pavement section to achieve lowest life cycle cost. 4) Recommend procedures to comprehensively quantify the effectiveness of pavement preservation program at the network level.
KW  - Condition surveys
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement management systems
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Rolling wheel deflectometers
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230683
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459708
TI  - Staffing and Organizational Capacity of Metropolitan Planning Organizations
AB  - Many Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) were formed and structured to conform to the prevailing planning tasks of the late 20th Century. Recent federal legislation and regulations have added new planning topics to MPO responsibilities. These new responsibilities-coupled with technology improvements-have made MPO operation and management an increasingly complex and resource intensive undertaking. However, no national research exists on how MPOs have altered their staffing and organizational structures to meet today's challenges (as discussed at The Metropolitan Planning Organization, Present and Future Meeting sponsored by TRB and FHWA/FTA, August 2006). There are five tasks associated with the project. The first is a comprehensive survey of MPOs to learn about staffing and administrative capacity. Task 2 will select ten agencies for follow-up case studies. A sample staffing plan for newly formed MPOs will be created as Task 3. Report writing, presentation of results, and project administration comprise Task 4 and 5.
KW  - Florida
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Organizational effectiveness
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Selection and appointment
KW  - Staffing levels
KW  - Technological innovations
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227923
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459699
TI  - Integrated Transportation Scenario Planning
AB  - The objectives of this project are: (1) Expand and extend prior research, data collection, and analysis of land use-transportation scenario planning. (2) Improve knowledge on technical methods used to assess land use-transportation scenarios, including methods to quantify greenhouse gases emissions. (3) Deepen understanding of the impact that land use and transportation variables can have on scenario planning outcomes. (4) Identify ways to integrate the output of land use-transportation scenario studies into statutorily required transportation plans, programs, and project analyses. (5) Explore methods for incorporating national/global economic and environmental variables into land use-transportation scenario analyses. The products created through this proposal will facilitate greater extension of land use-transportation scenario technique, both in geographic breadth of application and in technical competency.
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Exhaust gases
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Integrated systems
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227914
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459698
TI  - Best Practices Manual on Complete Streets
AB  - This research project will clarify and disseminate a number of the most effective tools and techniques for implementing complete streets planning processes and designing techniques.  It will fill a special place in the transportation planning technical literature, as a guide to process, procedure, implementation and balance.  It will better define the steps involved in complete streets planning, and will help resolve some issues related to balancing the sometimes conflicting needs of various transportation modes. The Project team will research, write, and publish a Best Practices Manual on Complete Streets by undertaking the  following five steps.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Manuals
KW  - Planning and design
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Streets
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227913
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459697
TI  - Effectiveness of Visualization to Improve Public Participation in Transportation Planning
AB  - The objective of the research is to seek input from the end user's point of view. Here, the end users refer to the public audience who view and interact with the materials. They include the decision makers (many of them are elected officials representing the public or public organizations), private citizens, citizen groups. The research team will (1) review the latest tools and techniques available for visualization in transportation planning; (2) identify the stages of transportation planning process and suitable visualization methods, techniques and tools for each of the stages; (3) build relevant prototype presentations for the techniques identified; (4) make presentations at public meetings and conduct surveys to gather feedback on the project alternatives as well as user responses on the use of the selected visualization techniques; (5) make recommendations on the suitable use of visualization techniques to harness public participation. The research team will work closely with the local Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) in all stages in this project. It is expected that the process itself and end products will help to increase public participation in transportation planning.
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Public participation
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Visualization
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227912
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459696
TI  - Improving Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Estimation of Heavy-Duty Trucks
AB  - The goal of the proposed research is to improve data and methods for estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions inventory of heavy-duty trucks.  In order to achieve this goal, the following objectives are set: (1) developing new algorithms for estimating truck traffic speed from single-loop detector traffic monitoring systems, (2) generating truck activity data from single-loop detector systems, (3) validating default values of truck activity and emission factors in existing emissions modeling tools, (4) filling the gap of truck emissions factors at high-speed driving, and (5) constructing an improved GHG emissions inventory of heavy-duty trucks. This proposal will be co-sponsored by the California Air Resources Board (CARB).
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Exhaust gases
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Heavy duty trucks
KW  - Loop detectors
KW  - Pollutants
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Truck traffic
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227911
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112660
AU  - Mofle, Tracey
AU  - Marlow, Amber
AU  - Midwest Regional University Transportation Center
AU  - Research and Special Programs Administration
TI  - Optimizing Investments Within the Sawyer County/Lac Courte Oreilles Transit System
PY  - 2008/09/12
SP  - 63p
AB  - Utilizing Lac Courte Oreilles (LCO) Casino revenue, the LCO Transit Committee has worked with Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwa Community College (LCOOCC) students and other community partners/volunteers to implement a joint mass transit system in conjunction with the surrounding Sawyer County Transit (SCT). The system has now been in operation for 9 months and serves over 1200 community members per month. Because the LCO Transit side has been completely funded by casino revenue and managed/operated by a group of volunteers, no formal analysis of the system has occurred. In an effort to sustain and improve the current successful system, the LCO/SC Transit Committee is exploring federal and state aid in order to improve the efficiency of operation by expanding collaboration between LCO and SC. More efficient ways to manage its assets and integrate this mode into local and regional transportation plans is needed. LCOOCC faculty and students will work in consultation with various transportation agencies to assess community transportation needs, compile accurate demographic and economic profiles for the LCO and SC community, assess transit modes within other tribal communities, and identify the benefits of a formal collaboration between Sawyer County and Lac Courte Oreilles.
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - Federal aid
KW  - Financing
KW  - Investments
KW  - Lac Courte Oreilles Reservation (Wisconsin)
KW  - Needs assessment
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Sawyer County (Wisconsin)
KW  - State aid
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://www.mrutc.org/research/0203/02-03_FR.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872464
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01573554
TI  - Human Factors for Limited-Ability Autonomous Driving Systems

AB  - The project proposes to study the human factors aspects of limited automated driving systems. It will address the concerns of drivers becoming overreliant upon such systems, drivers evoking such systems outside of design parameters, and drivers being aware when the systems are not operating as intended. Expected outcomes are the impact of human factors on the performance of automated systems and better definition of roles of drivers using such systems in a variety of scenarios.

KW  - Automation
KW  - Autonomous vehicle guidance
KW  - Drivers
KW  - Human factors in crashes
KW  - Intelligent vehicles
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1366751
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01461774
TI  - TRANSIMS Implementation in Moreno Valley, CA
AB  - The City of Moreno Valley will use TRANSIMS to analyze the impact of large-scale land-use change proposals as they relate to heavy-vehicle trip-making and commuting patterns.  This effort will result in quantified data that would not have otherwise been available, as the city will work through the pros and cons of converting the zoning of more than 4,700 acres from residential and light industrial to warehousing and distribution centers.
KW  - California
KW  - Commuters
KW  - Distribution centers
KW  - Distribution support businesses
KW  - Heavy vehicles
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Research projects
KW  - TRANSIMS (Computer model)
KW  - Travel patterns
KW  - Truck traffic
KW  - Trucking
KW  - Warehousing
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229994
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459766
TI  - Smart Pavement Monitoring System
AB  - The proposed study consists of two parts: Part 1 focus is to develop a sensor system embedded in pavement capable of continuously monitoring the physical properties of asphalt and/or concrete pavements, at early age as well as long term. Part 2 work includes conducting field trials by taking into consideration: Determine how many of these sensing devices must be installed with a given volume/area or per 1 km of pavement for reliability; Determine the optimal location for the device; Assess the ability of the sensor system to function correctly under the heavy traffic and environments in which the devices have to operate and the possible effect of the environment on the performance of the sensor system (moisture, steel corrosion, alkali, temperature, etc); determine the length of time the sensor system will deliver data; asses to ascertain the reliability and consistency over time of the information obtained from the embedded devices; and refine the sensor system based on field evaluation.
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Moisture content
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Pavement monitoring
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Temperature sensors
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227981
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01573545
TI  - Mathematical Analysis of the Empirical Mode Decomposition


AB  - This study consists of two broad fronts of studies: to improve the presently available Empirical Mode Decomposition algorithms and to establish a rigorous mathematical foundation for the generalized adaptive data analysis methodology. The success of the first research area will enhance immediate improvement of information management in a complex or significantly rich signal data system, such as the Integrated Safety System being considered by the Federal Highway Administration or for full-scale traffic control systems. The success of the second research area would enable drastic improvement of robustness and reliability of the algorithm and guarantees its further applications.

KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Information management
KW  - Integrated systems
KW  - Mathematical analysis
KW  - Traffic control devices
KW  - Traffic signal controllers
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1366735
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464427
TI  - Arterial Performance Measures
AB  - The objective of this project is to advance the work done in NCHRP Project 03-79 by developing additional techniques to measure traffic signal system performance and arterial travel time
KW  - Arterial highways
KW  - Arterial management
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Traffic signal cycle
KW  - Traffic signal timing
KW  - Traffic signals
KW  - Travel time
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2567
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232657
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462708
TI  - Transit Enterprise Architecture and Planning Framework
AB  - The objective of this project is to create a consistent, successful, tool(s) for Information Technology (IT) and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) implementations that support the delivery of (1) services for internal stakeholders (back office systems) and (2) external stakeholders (e.g., passenger, vendors). This project seeks to understand and create a multi-faceted tool that helps agencies successfully implement technologies by assisting them in building the business case and implementation strategies and in conducting evaluations.
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Information technology
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Passengers
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Systems engineering
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Vendors
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2384
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230930
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459701
TI  - Deployment and Field Testing of a Method for Finding Consistent Multi-Class Link and Route Flows
AB  - The proposed work will center around two activities: (1) Deployment of Bar-Gera's Traffic Assignment by Paired Alternative Segments (TAPAS) algorithm. TAPAS will be deployed to several practitioners, who have agreed to apply it together with their current travel forecasting models. In each application, the participating practitioner will determine, with the help of the project team, how the multi-class link flows and route flows generated by TAPAS compare with those found by their vendor-supplied software systems. The team will develop specialized tools to interface the input-output functionality between TAPAS and the target applications. Given the limited amount of time, however such tools will be intended only to facilitate the specified comparison, rather than to serve the general applications of this type. (2) Comparison of results between existing alternative methods. Practitioners often use more than one method to solve nearly equivalent models. These could be: a) methods offered in different software packages; b) methods offered in different versions by the same vendor; c) options offered within the same package, designed to affect convergence; d) or simplified versions of sophisticated models (single-class vs. multi-class). Consistent total link flows and the results of analyses that are based on route flows.
KW  - Alternatives analysis
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Route choice
KW  - Traffic assignment
KW  - Traffic flow
KW  - Traffic forecasting
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227916
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01575993
TI  - Creating Smart Pavements that Monitor and Report on Pavement Condition

AB  - Fiscal year 2008 funds were used to initiate this research study, which is split into two phases. Fiscal year 2008 funds only cover phase I, which has focused on identifying and evaluating available technologies that can be embedded in a pavement and survive the harsh paving construction operation. The proposed phase II study consists of two parts: the focus of part 1 is to demonstrate a sensor system that is embedded in a pavement and capable of continuously monitoring the physical properties of asphalt and/or concrete pavements, at an early age as well as long term. It is envisioned that more than one type of sensor may be needed to assess adequately the monitoring of a pavement. The system integrates wireless communications, data acquisition, and various sensors capable of monitoring parameters that indicate potential pavement problems. Such parameters may include stress and strain within the pavement, cracking, temperature, and moisture. Although the objective of this phase is the development of the data collection system, the data will be collected and fed into existing pavement management systems to assist with predicting pavement performance and to help in the development of more effective maintenance plans. After completion of part 1, depending on fund availability, Federal Highway Administration may enter part 2 of the study to conduct more widespread field trials by taking into consideration the determination of how many of these sensing devices must be installed with a given volume/area or per 1 km of pavement for reliability; determination of the optimal location for the device(s); assessing the ability of the sensor system to function correctly under the heavy traffic and environments in which the devices have to operate, and the possible effect of the environment on the performance of the sensor system (moisture, steel corrosion, alkali, temperature, etc.); determination of the length of time the sensor system will deliver data; ascertaining the reliability and consistency over time of the information obtained from the embedded devices; and refining the sensor system based on field evaluation. The proposed phase II research study addresses the objectives of Concrete Roadmap Project 40.1, Stress Sensing Concrete Pavement, Project 40.2, Self Inspecting Smart Concrete Pavements, and from the Asphalt Roadmap, Project 2.11 Remaining Service Life of In-Place Asphalt Pavements.

KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Wireless communication systems
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/research/tfhrc/projects/projectsdb/projectdetails.cfm?projectid=FHWA-PROJ-08-0027
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1369341
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464431
TI  - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 265. Electronic Publications Delivery System: AASHTO's Next Step
AB  - This project will establish a foundation upon which the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) can develop a business plan for proceeding with the necessary technology upgrade to its current system for developing and delivering electronic publications world-wide. The result will be a synthesis of available technologies, documentation of AASHTO customer requirements, and a recommended business model for the future.</div>
KW  - Electronic commerce
KW  - Electronic data interchange
KW  - Electronic materials
KW  - Electronic media
KW  - Electronics
KW  - Publications
KW  - Technological innovations
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2478
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232661
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01465796
TI  - Improving Transportation Models for Non-Motorized Trips Scope of Work
AB  - The objective of this project is to develop a prototype of a Geographic Information System (GIS) -enabled and visualization-based sketch planning tool that will inform a community's decision on the development and/or non-motorized facilities. This tool will enable the decision makers to "mark" the potential non-motorized corridors on the digitized map, and to generate and compare estimates of pedestrian and/or bicycling volumes under different development/improvement scenarios. This project will be carried out in two phases. Phase 1 will characterize the "market" potential for non-motorized travel. Based on results from Phase 1, Phase 2 will develop a prototype of the visualization-based sketch planning tool using a neighborhood in the Washington DC region as the case study.
KW  - Bicycle facilities
KW  - Corridors
KW  - Digital maps
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Nonmotorized transportation
KW  - Pedestrians
KW  - Sketch planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1234030
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459707
TI  - Reducing Energy Usage through Transportation Planning for Mega Regions
AB  - The objectives of this contract are to produce tools to reduce the energy consumption of the transportation system with three specific aims: a) To produce system tools that will be concerned with the function of transportation and land use systems with respect to energy; b) define and refine organizational tools that can build planning capacity and make it possible for mega regions to plan as a unit; c.) produce a sketch planning computer tool that will help implement both types of tools. These specific aims will be accomplished by conducting interviews with both individuals involved with efforts to reduce the transportation system's energy consumption, such as numerous state climate change action commissions as well as individuals involved in planning at mega region and multi-state scales, such as members of the I-95 Corridor Coalition. The results of the research will include a sketch planning tool that will allow planners and policy makers to project the energy-usage outcomes of various interventions and scenarios. In addition the research will also include information regarding appropriate pairings of system tools to organization tools in varied real-world situations. The long-term goal motivating this research is to have a transportation system that consumes less energy and produces less greenhouse gas, preparing the system for an unknown future where energy prices and climate change are serious threats. The research is also motivated by a need to improve planning capacity to meet the many transportation challenges that exist around the nation
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Energy conservation
KW  - Energy consumption
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - I-95 Corridor Coalition
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227922
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01575182
TI  - Wayside Monitoring
AB  - The objectives of this project are as follows: Promote the implementation and use of advanced wayside detection technology, Determine the effectiveness of wayside technology to detect precursors to safety critical defects in railroad rolling stock; Identify optimal application of wayside technology to improve railroad operational safety and maintenance procedures; and Research, test and validate automated wheel defect technology capable of conducting more efficient wheel inspections in addition to assessing the feasibility of implementing such technology industry-wide.
KW  - Defects
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Maintenance of way
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Railroad safety
KW  - Rolling stock
KW  - Wheelsets (Railroads)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1367426
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01465169
TI  - Evaluating the 2009 and 2010 Click It or Ticket High-Visibility Enforcement Mobilizations
AB  - This project will evaluate the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) 2009 and 2010 Click It or Ticket high visibility seat belt enforcement campaigns held around the Memorial Day holiday each year. Click It or Ticket is NHTSA's national mobilization that has been shown to raise seat belt use rates in a very short period of time. Click It or Ticket is supported by targeted paid media that carries a strong enforcement message, "wear or your seat or you will get a ticket". Pre and post mobilization measures include observational safety belt surveys, public awareness surveys, and national telephone surveys. Other measures include paid and earned media analyses, program activity information, and law enforcement citation activity.
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Click It or Ticket
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Mobilization
KW  - Seat belt use laws
KW  - Seat belts
KW  - Traffic law enforcement
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233402
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459705
TI  - Sustainability Evaluation and Planning Guidance for Transportation Systems
AB  - The objectives of this contract are to advance the practice and application of transportation planning among State,  	Regional and local transportation planning agencies in response to significant changes in the planning process and to  	identify new tools, techniques and approaches that respond to national transportation planning priorities. 	 	To fulfill the objectives stated above, the research deliverables will consist of the following: (1) A best practices document  	on how to incorporate sustainability in transportation planning based on experiences in the U. S. and international  	community; (2) A document identifying relevant sources of data for transportation sustainability evaluation; (3) Case  	studies demonstrating the application of sustainability evaluation methods to transportation systems in selected  	metropolitan areas and municipalities; and (4) Guidelines for incorporating sustainability in transportation planning  	addressing the issues identified above.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Sustainable development
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227920
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01111970
AU  - McCord, Mark R
AU  - Mishalani, Rabi G
AU  - Ohio State University, Columbus
AU  - Ohio Transportation Consortium
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Planning for Multi-University Educational Activities Based on OSU's Smart Bus Campus Transit Laboratory
PY  - 2008/09/04/Final Report
SP  - 14p
AB  - The Ohio State University's (OSU's) Campus Area Bus Service (CABS) is one of the largest campus bus systems in the United States, serving three to four million passengers annually.  Efforts are underway to develop a unique infrastructure for education and research - the OSU Campus Transit Lab (CTL).  In this project the investigators identified two courses as candidates for implementing exercises and demonstrations based on eventual CTL data.  These courses are Civil Engineering 570: Introduction to Transportation Engineering and Analysis and Civil Engineering 670: Urban Public Transportation.  Three ideas that could be supported by the upcoming CTL data were identified as complementing the material presented in CE 570 and CE 670:  illustration of traffic variable measures through space-time trajectories (CE 570); estimation of expected travel times (CE 570); and modeling of dwell times as a function of passenger boardings and alightings (CE 670).
KW  - Boarding and alighting
KW  - Bus transit
KW  - Campus Transit Lab (Ohio State University)
KW  - Campus transportation
KW  - Curricula
KW  - Dwell time
KW  - Education
KW  - Estimating
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Ohio State University
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Space-time trajectories
KW  - Traffic engineering
KW  - Transportation engineering
KW  - Travel time
UR  - http://www.otc.uakron.edu/docs/McCord_and_Mishalani_OTC_Project_Report_Sep08.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/871672
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462494
TI  - Portable Electronic Wheel Gauge
AB  - This project will develop and demonstrate an innovative, portable electronic wheel gauge (EWG) to accurately measure rail wheels. Objectives are to improve commuter rail passenger safety and improve ride quality in a low-cost, effective manner. This gauge will make use of cutting-edge 3-D imaging metrology and electromagnetic sensing technology. It will take all of its measurements--flange wear, height, and angle; rim height and distance from reference groove; and wheel diameter--in a matter of seconds, with a single application. The cost of wheel maintenance, including measurement, refinishing/truing, and replacement, is high in many rail operations. The costs of improperly maintained wheels include loss of traction and efficiency and wastage of power and fuel. If a wheel fails entirely derailments can occur. Current standard practice in wheel measurement is to use the steel finger gauge and its relatives, a design nearly 80 years old that is time consuming to use, and unable to measure some characteristics of wheels. International Electronic Machines (IEM)'s prior electronic wheel gauge uses old technology, is larger and cumbersome to use, and does not perform certain measurements which are important to rail transit.
KW  - Car wheels (Railroads)
KW  - Electronics
KW  - Maintenance of way
KW  - Measuring instruments
KW  - Portable equipment
KW  - Railroad tracks
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Wheels
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2252
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230715
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462493
TI  - Biometric Notification Network for Transit Employees
AB  - <font size="2"><div align="left"><font size="3">This project will develop and test a prototype biometric notification network for transit employees, contractors, and vendors. This system will enhance transit security by providing transit officials with real-time notification of biometric ID card use. </font><font size="3">The system being developed in this project will use one-to-one matching against biometric data stored on ID cards in internationally standardized noncontact format. This system will evaluate the use of an Internet signaling protocol called Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to instantly notify authorized personnel of transactions involving biometric data of individuals using fingerprint readers. This work will be coordinated closely with the Transportation Worker Identification Card (TWIC) program of the Transportation Security Administration. The methodology in this project will go beyond current initiatives like the TWIC. </font><font size="3">The primary innovation of the biometric notification network will be providing transit organizations with a biometric system that has built-in, real-time notification with presence capabilities. The proposed system improves existing ID systems by adding real-time, subscription-based notifications to allow transit security personnel to subscribe to certain events on the biometric notification network. For example, in the event a recently terminated employee attempts to pass a security checkpoint with an ID card, the system could be configured to immediately notify all or only specific security personnel via instant message, phone call, or email.</font></div></font>
KW  - Biometrics
KW  - Emergency notification systems
KW  - Employees
KW  - Identification badges
KW  - Identification systems
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Real time information
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Security
KW  - Transit operating agencies
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2257
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230714
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462492
TI  - Developing Regional Mobility Management Centers
AB  - <font size="2"><div align="left"><font size="3">This project will identify methods of integrating transportation with other services, such as health care, by organizing, coordinating, scheduling, and dispatching transportation resources in ways that are mutually beneficial to all parties. One innovative aspect of this approach is in coordinating the activities of multiple disciplines, not just multiple transportation modes. This project will serve as the initial part of an overall plan to develop innovative low-cost management </font><font size="3">protocols and software that mobility management call centers can use to better organize, coordinate, schedule, dispatch, and monitor service programs that use transportation as one component of their service delivery strategy. </font><font size="3">Regional mobility management call centers can provide a strategic mix of cost-effective coordinated transportation services with low-cost, non-traditional services to persons who are elderly, disabled, or chronically ill. When combined with affordable transportation, such services can delay the need for institutional care or other high-cost publicly supported interventions. Such services (not normally provided in currently operating transportation brokerage systems) could include trip alternatives and home patient services. </font><font size="3">This effort includes direct participation and support from public and specialized transportation providers in Colorado (Seniors Resource Center), Florida (VOTRAN), Massachusetts (Montachusett Regional Transit Authority), New Jersey (Meadowlink Commuter Services), North Carolina (Mason Area Transit Services), Virginia (Fairfax County, and Mountain Empire Older Citizens, Inc. serving southwest Virginia), and Washington (Hopelink, serving King County,</font></div><div><font size="3">Washington).</font></div><div><font size="3"></font></div><div></div></font>
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Dispatching
KW  - Management
KW  - Management information systems
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Regional development
KW  - Regional transportation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Schedules and scheduling
KW  - Transit operating agencies
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2259
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230713
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462490
TI  - Detection of Radioactivity in Transit Stations--Phase 2
AB  - The purpose of this project is to install, test, and evaluate a prototype system, using security cameras in rail rapid transit stations, to detect and identify radioactive materials. The prototype system will make use of transit security cameras, which are already installed in many subway stations, and integrate them with newly developed software, to detect dangerous, nearby radioactive materials.   This Phase 2 project will build on the results of previous work done by the same firm in Transit IDEA Project 42, which demonstrated that digital cameras exhibit highly significant sensitivity to ionizing radiation and charged particles from radioactive materials.  The radiological materials that terrorists might use in the construction of a "dirty bomb" emit energetic particles that could be detected by cameras.  To identify and distinguish the "dirty bomb" signature, multiple cameras would be networked into local and remote computers.  The detection of radiological sources will be performed using the patent pending software. The relatively inexpensive combination, using existing cameras in rail rapid transit stations and the software, could be rapidly deployed.   The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) Metro Transit Police will participate in this project and have agreed to test the prototype system in one of their Metrorail stations.  This partnership and participation will help guide the technology research and development so that the prototype system can be designed for a transit station environment.
KW  - Detection and identification
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Radioactivity
KW  - Rail transit stations
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transit operating agencies
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2263
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230711
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462486
TI  - Detection of Explosives and Weapons in Transit Systems
AB  - <font size="2"><font size="2"><p align="justify">This project will develop and test a small-size, low-cost, extremely low-power sensor-locator for detection of explosives and weapons in rail transit systems. Transportation systems pose a potential target for terrorist threats, such as improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The tragic attacks on the transit systems of Madrid, Spain, in 2004; London, England, in 2005; and Mumbai, India, in 2006 are reminders of this. </p><p><font size="1"></font></p><em><font face="Caslon 224 Book,Caslon 224 Book" size="1"><p><strong></strong></p></font></em></font></font>
KW  - Detection and identification technologies
KW  - Explosives
KW  - Explosives detectors
KW  - Rail transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Security
KW  - Terrorism
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2430
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230707
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462485
TI  - Independent Wheelchair Securement
AB  - <font size="2"><p align="left">This project will develop and test a rear-facing wheelchair containment system for transit buses. It will include a prototype device to allow users of wheelchairs to safely and independently use rear-facing containment on large buses, in lieu of the current standard four-point tie-down wheelchair securement system. <font size="2">The device being developed in this project will include a backrest and a movable aisle-side containment structure. The operation would begin with the user backing into the securement space until the rear of the chair is in contact with the backrest. Activation of the aisle-side device would then provide the second side of containment; the bus wall would act as the third side. Results of the Transit IDEA Project 38 show that rear-facing wheelchair containment is feasible and desirable for bus transit operations. It provides an appropriate level of safety, allows wheelchair passengers full independence in riding the bus, and reduces the time required for bus driver assistance, which then substantially reduces in-vehicle dwell time. The current limitation is the absence of a good means for aisle-side containment. One alternative in use is a fixed stanchion. However, this stanchion severely limits wheelchair maneuvering space, and it requires that the passenger has the ability to hold the stanchion. The other alternative does without aisle-side containment. This necessarily limits the use of the rear-facing option to those passengers in stable power chairs or to passengers able to securely hold on to a wall-side handhold.</font></p><font face="Caslon 224 Book,Caslon 224 Book" size="1"></font></font>
KW  - Bus transit
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Rear facing wheelchair securement
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Safety
KW  - Wheelchair restraints
KW  - Wheelchair securement
KW  - Wheelchairs
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2431
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230706
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464731
TI  - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. Task 48. Compendium of Environmental Fieldwork Technologies
AB  - Many State Department of Transportation's (DOT's) use different field sampling technology, processes and tools everyday on their typical projects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Some of these efforts are state of the art practices and yet others, are simple approaches that DOT's have developed to address everyday needs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The objective of this research is to develop and maintain an ongoing compendium of environmental fieldwork technologies that can be easily shared with State DOT's to enable time and cost savings for each DOT. </font></p>
KW  - Compendium
KW  - Environment
KW  - Environmental policy
KW  - Field tests
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Technology
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2382
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232963
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464575
TI  - Development of Design Methods for In-Stream Flow Control Structures
AB  - Natural resource agencies have encouraged many state departments of transportation (DOTs) to use "natural" (context-sensitive) stream stability and restoration measures in lieu of traditional engineering responses to stabilize rivers and streams against erosion and scour. These measures include the construction of shallow, in-stream, low-flow structures across all or part of a stream channel. These measures have gained wide acceptance with national and state regulatory agencies responsible for protecting natural habitats because the structures often enhance stream habitat. Structure types include cross vanes, j-hooks, w-weirs, constructed riffles, and stream barbs usually constructed of rock riprap. Proponents of these structures have claimed that they can be durable and cost-effective and provide scour stability, but the necessary case studies have not been documented to verify these claims. Comprehensive engineering and financial criteria do not exist for evaluating, designing, installing, and maintaining these structures. In-stream, low-flow structures sometimes require less rock than traditional engineered streambank stabilization, promising greater economy, especially where material sources are scarce. The state of the art in design and installation does not include proven engineering design criteria, thus current efforts to apply these structures often result in frequent instances of failure and associated costs for repair. Validated engineering criteria promise reduced risk of failure and increased cost-effectiveness of installations. Quantitative optimization of parameters such as lifecycle cost, size, spacing, and foundation depth and their influence on scour depth, sediment transport, and long-term structure and channel stability will support the development of engineering design, installation, and maintenance criteria necessary for hydraulic engineers to design economic in-stream, low-flow structures with confidence. The objective of this project is to develop quantitive engineering guidelines, design methods, and recommended specifications for in-stream, low-flow structures that address (1) erosion protection, channel stability, sediment transport, and scour stability of the stream; (2) cost-effectiveness, long-term performance in terms of the low-flow structure stability, durability, and survivability; (3) recommended installation practices; and (4) maintenance requirements. The guidelines should include a description of conditions under which in-stream, low-flow structures are either successful or not effective in providing protection against erosion and scour and in performing applicable habitat restoration functions.</span></div><div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"> </font></div>
KW  - Channel stabilization
KW  - Context sensitive design
KW  - Natural resources
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Stream restoration
KW  - Streams
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1641
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232806
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459706
TI  - Transportation & Land Use Visualization Software: Creating an Interactive Tool to Aid in Consensus Building during the Transportation Planning Process
AB  - The objective of this research is to create a cutting edge interactive software tool to aid public decision making and participatory planning through computer-generated visualization scenario analysis.
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Public participation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Software
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Visualization
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227921
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01141018
AU  - Magno, Carlos
AU  - Remkes, Charles
AU  - Montoya, Mike
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - New Mexico Department of Transportation
TI  - NM 68, Riverside Drive City of Española, New Mexico ITS Project Final Evaluation Report
PY  - 2008/09/02/Final Evaluation Report
SP  - 14p
AB  - The project herein, is for the deployment of a traffic management system on New Mexico 68, Riverside Drive, in the City of Española. This project improved traffic flow through this rural community and increased safety along the principal arterial. The project limits are US 84/285 on the south, and Valley Dr. on the north. The project need was initially identified by severe congestion along Riverside Drive that has gradually increased over the past 10 years. The situation initiated a study to relieve traffic congestion on NM 68 through the City of Española. The study was based on existing traffic reports that indicated that a traffic management system could costeffectively reduce congestion and provide traffic benefits to the corridor and the community. This ITS deployment of a traffic management system has mitigated the immediate need for a relief route. In addition, the system has reduced the rate of overall crashes, travel time delays and variability, and increase freeway and arterial throughput. Furthermore, it has had a positive impact lessening vehicle emissions and energy consumption, with great benefits for local drivers and those passing through the corridor to a destination outside the immediate area.
KW  - Advanced traffic management systems
KW  - Environmental protection
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Highway traffic control
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - New Mexico
KW  - Traffic flow
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901006
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01111532
AU  - Department of Transportation
TI  - Managing Risks in Civil Aviation: A Review of the FAA's Approach to Safety
PY  - 2008/09/02
SP  - 75p
AB  - An independent review team examined the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) safety approach.  This report presents the findings and recommendations of the review team.  The aim of this review is to help FAA advance flight safety as effectively as possible in the wake of two aviation occurrences (1) Southwest Airlines' perceived lack of oversight and operation of non-compliant aircraft (refusal to conduct fuselage inspections for structural cracks) in 2007; and (2) American Airlines' opposite approach - grounding their MD-80's aircraft fleet until it was determined whether or not they were in compliance with airworthiness directives.
KW  - Airlines
KW  - Airworthiness
KW  - American Airlines, Inc.
KW  - Aviation safety
KW  - Civil aircraft
KW  - Civil aviation
KW  - Compliance
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Oversight
KW  - Risk management
KW  - Southwest Airlines
KW  - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration
UR  - http://www.aci-na.org/static/entransit/irt_faa_safety_9-08.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/870781
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01560761
TI  - Enhancement of Welded Steel Bridge Girders Susceptible to Distortion-Induced Fatigue
AB  - Distortion-induced fatigue cracks constitute a serious national problem given the large number of steel girder bridges constructed before 1985 that are affected by this type of failure.  It is estimated that 90% of all fatigue-related cracks in bridges have arisen due to out-of-plane distortion (Connor and Fisher 2006).  Finding, repairing, and potentially preventing fatigue cracks at details susceptible to out-of-plane distortion represents a significant expense to State departments of transportation (DOTs). This problem is exacerbated by the fact that many of the affected bridge structures carry large traffic loads, or their geographical location is such that temporary closure would cause significant disruption to the economic activity of the local residents. While a number of repair and retrofit methods have been shown to be effective in addressing this problem (Roddis and Zhao 2001; Roddis and Zhao 2003; Stallings et al. 1999; Connor and Fisher 2006), these strategies can be time-consuming, expensive to implement, and often require temporary bridge closures. There are also instances in which these methods cannot be implemented due to lack of space in the affected region of the bridge. In those cases, the use of new and/or combined techniques may present a viable method for fatigue life extension. The main objective of the proposed research is to explore the use of composite materials and hole treatments (ultrasonic impact treatment and bolt interference) to develop new retrofitting techniques aimed at extending the fatigue life of bridges with connection details susceptible to distortion-induced fatigue. The techniques that will be studied were selected because they are relatively inexpensive, easy to implement, and can be carried out without significant disruptions to traffic.
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Distortion (Structures)
KW  - Fatigue cracking
KW  - Retrofitting
KW  - Steel bridges
KW  - Traffic loads
UR  - http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/413
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1351324
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01467316
TI  - New Data for Relating Land Use and Urban Form to Private Passenger Vehicle Miles
AB  - The proposed research develops the most extensive and spatially detailed analysis of annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by type of vehicle, place of residence, and land use pattern.  The project will combine a unique Massachusetts State dataset of annual odometer readings since 2001 for more than six million vehicles with geographic information system (GIS) data layers of housing, infrastructure, and demographic characteristics in order to associate actual miles driven (for private passenger vehicles) with place of garaging at a very fine grain of spatial detail.  The work involves close collaboration with MassGIS (the State's GIS Office) and the Boston Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC), two key state and regional planning agencies involved in the policy analysis and modeling of land use, growth management, and transportation strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The proposed work provides spatially detailed baseline data about 2001-2008 driving patterns throughout Massachusetts (by type of vehicle, type of neighborhood, population density, transit accessibility, land use mix, etc.) plus a related set of indicators and calibrated analytic models that can assist in 'what if' analyses of changing land use and transportation circumstances in metropolitan areas throughout the country.  Since the key datasets will continue to be collected for administrative reasons, the methods we develop will also facilitate subsequent analysis of changed driving patterns resulting from current shocks to the system.
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Private passenger vehicles
KW  - Residential location
KW  - Travel patterns
KW  - Vehicle miles of travel
KW  - Vehicle type
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1235552
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01465130
TI  - Technical Support & Maintenance & Enhancement of CIREN Database
AB  - Provide technical support and maintenance for the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database.
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Crash injuries
KW  - Crash injury research
KW  - Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Human factors in crashes
UR  - http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/Research%20In%20Progress/files/TechnicalSupportMaintenanceEnhancementCIRENDatabase.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233363
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464450
TI  - Public Perception and Attitudes about Roadside Vegetation: Pre and Post Environmental Education
AB  - Well-managed highway vegetation contributes to better water quality, cost savings, control of invasive species, and greater diversity of insect life. Traditionally, roadside vegetation in Delaware has been turfgrass that is routinely mown during the growing season. Since the Enhancing Delaware Highways project began in 1998, Delaware has established many roadside miles with a variety of roadside vegetation models including: un-mown turf (meadow), un-mown turf (meadow) with a mown margin, and meadow established and further supplemented with native flowering perennials. Questions remain about overall public acceptance of sustainable but less highly maintained roadside vegetation. This study will accurately quantify public perception of mown turf, un-mown turf (meadow), un-mown turf (meadow) with a mown margin, and meadow established and further supplemented with native flowering perennials. Additionally, this research will characterize the components of landscape that shape individuals' perception of roadside vegetation. Educational statements about environmental benefits of sustainable roadside vegetation will be developed and presented to survey respondents. Researchers will analyze the differences between pre and post survey responses from a variety of survey methodologies to discover the impact of educational information on respondents' perceptions.
KW  - Attitudes
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Environmental policy
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Roadside
KW  - Roadside flora
KW  - Roadside improvement
KW  - Vegetation
KW  - Water quality
UR  - http://www.ce.udel.edu/UTC/Research.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232680
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464447
TI  - Developing Delaware's Agenda in Transportation within the Northeast Corridor
AB  - While the Northeast transportation corridor is a key economic driver in the national economy, its resiliency depends on its ability to respond to multimodal transportation pressures and issues. Although considerable scholarly research and dialogue regarding challenges facing the Northeast transportation corridor, there is an unmet need to identify, understand, and better aggregate data on specific issues impacting the area between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Baltimore, Maryland. Delaware's agenda within the Northeast transportation corridor needs to be developed to understand potential threats and opportunities, which may impact or enhance the resiliency of multimodal transportation systems within this region. The purpose of this project is to advance multimodal transportation planning to (1) frame the transportation issues impacting Philadelphia-Baltimore area, (2) foster an integration of ideas and cooperation among multi- and inter-jurisdictional transportation stakeholders, and (3) develop Delaware's transportation agenda with respect to the Northeast corridor. To accomplish this, the research approach will consist of an analysis of perspectives of regional transportation stakeholders for various modes in the Philadelphia-Baltimore area, a review of literature specific to Northeast corridor transportation studies within the Philadelphia-Baltimore area, a preliminary analysis of the literature review, and plan and execute a briefing workshop to bring together/engage regional transportation agencies and stakeholders to discuss Delaware's transportation agenda targeted to the Northeast corridor. The preliminary analysis will be distributed via an online, downloadable format to select transportation stakeholders. A working paper will be prepared to incorporate input from stakeholders at the briefing workshop.
KW  - Baltimore (Maryland)
KW  - Corridors
KW  - Delaware
KW  - Highway corridors
KW  - Mode choice
KW  - Multimodal transportation
KW  - Northeast Corridor
KW  - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transportation corridors
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://www.ce.udel.edu/UTC/Research.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232677
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462354
TI  - Streamlining Cross-Linking and Coordination of Transportation and Evacuation Planning among Regional Councils and Metropolitan Planning Organizations
AB  - The National Association of Regional Councils (NARC) proposes to address streamlining cross-linking and coordination among Regional Councils (RCs) and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) in instances of manmade or natural disaster evacuations for improved transportation and evacuation planning. RCs and MPOs currently bridge the gap in preparation for manmade and/or natural disasters and evacuations through their ability to link multiple jurisdictions and agencies of governments. Through the involvement of an Advisory Committee, the result of this proposal will;(1) assess current research and resources; (2) develop innovative best practices of coordinated, multi-jurisdictional planning; (3) evaluate the benefits of cost effective cross-functional transportation and evacuation planning strategies; and (4)create decision-making tools and basic case studies for local governments and planning partners to utilize. All products and efforts will be exhibited and discussed in a series of two training workshops that will focus on outreach and education to practitioners and local elected officials.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Evacuation
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Regional planning
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Streamlining
KW  - Transit operating agencies
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230575
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01461989
TI  - Understanding the Impacts of Climate Change on the I-95 Corridor in Maryland and Delaware
AB  - The Boston Norfolk (BOSFOLK) corridor is vulnerable to climate change. Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) and states in the corridor need to integrate mitigation of and adaptation to climate change into their planning, design and construction practices as the infrastructure of today will be impacted by climate change in the future. Our objective is to develop an outline of guidelines for states and MPOs in the corridor to recognize the impacts of global climate change in the planning, design and construction of the corridor. This includes: 1. Reviewing ongoing relevant research related to climate change in the corridor 2. Developing a catalog of expected impacts and actions 3. Developing a process for exploring the impacts of climate change 4. Understanding how the impacts of climate change can be factored into the planning process. 5. Exploring how design and construction practices may have to change to mitigate climate change and adapt to the impacts of climate change. We will build on past work in other states and areas, explore the impacts of one aspect of climate change, sea level rise, on the I-95 and Northeast rail corridor in Maryland and Delaware, and then develop guidelines for states and MPOs along the corridor.
KW  - Boston (Massachusetts)
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Interstate 95
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Norfolk (Virginia)
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transportation corridors
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://www.ce.udel.edu/UTC/Research.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230209
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01461988
TI  - The Impact of Disruptions along the I-95 Corridor on Congestion and Air Quality
AB  - The resilience of a corridor can be defined as its ability to maintain its full functionality during an incident. While transportation corridors may be viewed as highly resilient due to the number of alternative paths that generally exist, the principal path and the alternatives may not have similar capacity. This research will evaluate resilience of the Interstate 95 corridor in Delaware and the impact of disruptions on congestion and air quality.
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Incident management
KW  - Interstate 95
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Route choice
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Traffic incidents
KW  - Transportation corridors
UR  - http://www.ce.udel.edu/UTC/Research.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230208
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01461987
TI  - The Effects of Learning through the Arts on Transportation Knowledge and Skills of Elementary School Students, University Students and Classroom Teachers
AB  - The purpose of this study is to enhance knowledge of geographic concepts, particularly transportation, through the lens of dance and theater. Students and their teachers will gain knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach that combines the teaching of geography with the arts. This project will benefit current and future educators, artists, and geography researchers. The participants will include 4th and 5th grade students attending elementary school in Newark, Delaware, their teachers, and University of Delaware students with expertise in the arts and geography.
KW  - Art
KW  - Elementary school students
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transportation
KW  - Transportation careers
UR  - http://www.ce.udel.edu/UTC/Research.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230207
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01461986
TI  - Historic Resiliency of Bridges on the BOSFOLK Corridor
AB  - The Boston-Norfolk (BOSFOLK) corridor is a major transportation corridor in the northeast, the main artery of which is Interstate-95 (I-95). With construction initiating in the 1960's, many of the bridges on I-95 and in the corridor are nearing the end of their design life. This presents a unique opportunity to study the long-term performance of bridge on a major heavily traveled corridor. The questions can be asked - How resilient were the bridges in the BOSFOLK corridor? And - How did the bridges on I-95 perform compared to those not on the I-95 corridor? The study will specifically examine the historic resiliency of bridges in the corridor. It will be done through a systematic investigation of historic data from the National Bridge Inventory database.
KW  - Boston (Massachusetts)
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Historic bridges
KW  - Interstate 95
KW  - Norfolk (Virginia)
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Resilience (Materials)
KW  - Transportation corridors
UR  - http://www.ce.udel.edu/UTC/Research.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230206
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01461985
TI  - Resiliency of Transportation Corridors during Disaster: An Examination of Cross-Border Networks
AB  - Transportation corridors are vital in allowing for public and commercial mobility. When these corridors are compromised during a disaster, the way in which emergency response networks function is critical to ensuring continuity or resumption of the transportation flow. This project expands upon ongoing research that examines how multi-organizational actors/agencies expect and are expected to interact during a transportation corridor disaster. The initial study concentrated on organizational networks within the state of Delaware, while also collecting information on their potential interaction with organizations in other states. This proposed research concentrates on those connections with organizations from outside Delaware. Using social network analysis, researchers will examine the codified and actor-anticipated interaction between states in maintaining the continuity of transportation flows along the I-95 corridor in Delaware.
KW  - Continuity of operations
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Delaware
KW  - Disaster preparedness
KW  - Disasters and emergency operations
KW  - Emergency response time
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transportation corridors
UR  - http://www.ce.udel.edu/UTC/Research.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230205
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01461355
TI  - Simultaneous Structural and Environmental Loading of an Ultra-High Performance Concrete Component
AB  - Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is an advanced cementitious composite material which tends to exhibit superior properties such as increased durability, strength, and long-term stability. This experimental investigation focused on the flexural performance of a UHPC component subjected to a simultaneous combination of structural loading and aggressive environmental conditions. This situation is commonly present in transportation structures subjected to frequent transient loads and deicing chemicals. The UHPC component was cyclically loaded beyond its elastic limit in the presence of a 15% NaCl solution. Although UHPC tends to exhibit a larger number of small width, tightly spaced cracks, any ingress of liquids into the UHPC component along crack faces raises the possibility of steel fiber reinforcement degradation and a resulting loss of UHPC tensile capacity. The simultaneous application of structural and environmental loadings to a UHPC flexural member did not result in any apparent degradation of the member's flexural capacity. The structural and environmental loading was conducted for 154 days during which 500,000 cycles were applied. NaCl solution ingress occurred, but no fiber reinforcement degradation was observed. Additionally, uniaxial tensile testing of UHPC prismatic sections was demonstrated as a viable means of assessing the tensile properties of this fiber-reinforced concrete.
KW  - Bearing capacity
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Crack sealing
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Fiber reinforced concrete
KW  - High performance concrete
KW  - Loading
KW  - Steel fibers
KW  - Ultra high performance concrete
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229574
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459877
TI  - Application of Freight Transportation and Decision Models to Scope and Compare Freight Infrastructure Investment
AB  - This project will apply a decision analytic framework in terms of cargo transportation performance to evaluate landside and waterside investment alternatives. We will employ information and models previously developed under DOT-funded projects that were focused on freight operations and develop corresponding information for infrastructure elements. This project develops a freight-focused context for considering investment choices that will enable the integration of other University Transportation Center (UTC) and similar projects. It builds upon the Delaware regional analyses of multimodal freight activity and exercises an innovative, dynamic, network optimization model aimed at improving decision-making associated with freight transport in the US.
KW  - Cargo handling
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Trucks
KW  - United States
UR  - http://www.ce.udel.edu/UTC/Research.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228092
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459876
TI  - Infrastructure Security and Emergency Preparedness
AB  - Transportation Infrastructure security and emergency preparedness presents an enormous challenge for both the State of Delaware and for the major transportation corridors that run through the state. DelDOT and its extensive network of partner organizations have a strong coalition in place to plan, train, and run exercises related to regional evacuation issues. Given the complexity of this task and the many intersecting areas of interest, it is vital that relevant engineering and social sciences be brought to bear on the planning processes already underway. The objective of this project is to review the current state of practice for Delaware and the BOSFOLK corridor, review external research and apply insights from state of the art social science and engineering, and develop a plan for integrating research insights into practice. We will formulate a "Workplan for Improving Infrastructure Security and Emergency Preparedness.
KW  - Delaware
KW  - Disaster preparedness
KW  - Emergency management
KW  - Highway corridors
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Security
KW  - Social sciences
KW  - State of the art
KW  - State of the practice
KW  - Transportation corridors
UR  - http://www.ce.udel.edu/UTC/Research.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228091
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459875
TI  - Time-Varying Queueing Systems and Transportation Nework Resilience Transportation Corridor
AB  - This project will conduct a literature review on how the use of time-varying arrival rates can model the behavior of alternate routing due to transportation link failure. This is very important in addressing the resilience and vulnerability of transportation networks and corridors during disruption. Currently, the use of a data-driven approach in developing mobility patterns and indices in traffic simulation models is virtually non-existent.
KW  - Alternate routes
KW  - Corridors
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Resilience (Materials)
KW  - Time variant reliability
KW  - Traffic queuing
KW  - Traffic simulation
KW  - Transportation corridors
UR  - http://www.ce.udel.edu/UTC/Research.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228090
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459874
TI  - Commercial Freight and the Resilience of the BOSFOLK Corridor
AB  - The resilience of a corridor can be defined as its ability to maintain its function during or to recover from a terrorist attack or other incident. While transportation corridors can be viewed as highly resilient due to the fact the numerous alternatives routes exist, these alternative routes are not always available to commercial trucks. Restrictions of weight and height of overhead structures as well as the fact that they may be carrying hazardous materials limits the route choices for these commercial vehicles. This literature review will identify the relevant background material for exploring the resilience of the BOSFOLK corridor from the perspective of impact on commercial freight movement by truck.
KW  - Alternate routes
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Hazardous materials
KW  - Highway corridors
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Restrictions
KW  - Size and weight regulations
KW  - Transportation corridors
KW  - Truck tractors
KW  - Truck traffic
KW  - Trucking
KW  - Vehicle restrictions
UR  - http://www.ce.udel.edu/UTC/Research.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228089
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459826
TI  - Interactive TMC Decision Support Tool Combining Simulation and Optimization
AB  - This proposal addresses the operation of Traffic Management Centers (TMC). Traffic Management Centers play a critical role in the monitoring, management and planning of traffic within urban areas. The goal of the proposed study is to enhance the capabilities of TMCs by providing an advanced and versatile decision support tool that can be used across a broad range of applications. Specifically, the objective is to develop an interactive combined simulation-optimization decision support tool for TMC operations that can be used for both off-line applications as well as in real-time; can assist operators in developing optimal traffic control and management plans for a wide range of incident or emergency situations; can evaluate consequences of operator actions in response to special circumstances; can be used to train operators and management agencies to respond to special circumstances and can be used to plan for eventual emergencies.
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - Highway traffic control
KW  - Incident detection
KW  - Real time information
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Traffic control centers
KW  - Traffic incidents
KW  - Traffic simulation
KW  - Traffic surveillance
KW  - Urban areas
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228041
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112790
AU  - Hartt, William H
AU  - Powers, Rodney G
AU  - Presuel-Moreno, Francisco
AU  - Paredes, Mario A
AU  - Simmons, Ronald
AU  - Yu, Hui
AU  - Himiob, Rodrigo
AU  - Florida Atlantic University, Dania Beach
AU  - Florida Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Corrosion Resistant Alloys for Reinforced Concrete
PY  - 2008/09/01/Final Report
SP  - 132p
AB  - Deterioration of concrete bridges because of reinforcing steel corrosion has been recognized for four-plus decades as a major technical and economic challenge for the United States.  As an option for addressing this problem, renewed interest has focused on corrosion resistant reinforcements, stainless steels in particular.  The present research study was performed jointly by Florida Atlantic University and the Florida Department of Transportation to evaluate reinforcements of this type.  These reinforcements included solid stainless steels 3Cr12 (UNS-S41003), 2101LDX (ASTM A955-98), 2304 (UNS-S32304), 2205 (UNS 31803), two 316L (UNS S31603) alloys, and two 316 stainless steel clad black bar products, and MMFX-2 (ASTM A1035).  Black bar (ASTM A615) reinforcement provided a baseline for comparison purposes.  Results from short term tests and preliminary results from long-term exposure of reinforced concrete slabs were presented in the first Interim Report (FHWA-HRT-07-039) for this project.  This report provides longer-term data and analyses of four different types of reinforced concrete specimens, two of which were intended to simulate northern bridge decks exposed to deicing salts and the remaining two to simulate substructure elements undergoing seawater exposure.  Three different concrete mix designs were employed, and specimen types included variables such as 1) a simulated concrete crack, 2) a bent top bar, 3) corrosion resistant upper bar(s) and black steel lower bars, and 4) intentional clad defects such that the carbon steel substrate was exposed.  Cyclic wet-dry ponding with a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was employed for the former two specimen types, and continuous partial submergence in either a NaCl solution or at a coastal marine site in Florida for the latter two.  The exposures were for periods in excess of four years.  The candidate alloys were ranked according to performance, and an analysis is provided that projects performance in actual concrete structures.  A subsequent final report is to be issued at a later time.
KW  - Alloy steel
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Bridge substructures
KW  - Chloride exposure
KW  - Clad metals
KW  - Corrosion resistance
KW  - Corrosion resistant alloys
KW  - Corrosion resistant steel
KW  - Deicing chemicals
KW  - Exposure testing
KW  - Reinforced concrete bridges
KW  - Seawater
KW  - Stainless steel
UR  - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_SMO/FDOT_BD228_rpt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872791
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01582864
AU  - Mazzae, Elizabeth N
AU  - Barickman, Frank
AU  - Baldwin, G H Scott
AU  - Ranney, Thomas
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - On-Road Study of Drivers’ Use of Rearview Video Systems (ORSDURVS)
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 140p
AB  - Driver’s use of rearview video (RV) systems was observed during staged and naturalistic backing maneuvers to determine whether drivers look at the RV display during backing and whether use of the system affects backing behavior. The 37 test participants aged 25 to 60 years were comprised of 12 drivers of RV equipped vehicles, 13 drivers of vehicles equipped with an RV system and a rear parking sensor system (RPS), and 12 drivers of vehicles having no backing aid. All participants had driven and owned a 2007 Honda Odyssey minivan as their primary vehicle for at least 6 months. Participants were told that the purpose of the study was to assess how drivers learn to use the features and functions of a new vehicle. Participants visited the sponsor’s research lab to have unobtrusive video and other data recording equipment installed in their personal vehicles and take a brief test drive. Participants then drove their vehicles for a period of 4 weeks in their normal daily activities while backing maneuvers were recorded. At the end of the 4 weeks, participants returned to the research lab to have the recording equipment removed. Participants took a 2nd test drive, identical to the first, except that when backing out of the garage bay at the end of the drive, an unexpected obstacle appeared behind the vehicle. Drivers with RV made 13 to 14 percent of glances to the RV video screen during initial phases of backing in the staged maneuvers, independent of system presence, drivers spent over 25 percent of backing time looking over their right shoulder in the staged backing maneuvers. Only participants with an RV system who looked at the RV display more than once during the maneuver avoided a crash. Results showed that RV system presence was associated with a statistically significant 28 percent reduction in crashes compared with the unexpected obstacle participants without a system. All 12 participants in the “no system” condition crashed. More participants in the ‘RV & RPS’ condition crashed (85 percent) than did in the RV condition (58 percent). Substantial benefits of the presence of an RPS system were not seen in the staged obstacle event. Only 5 of 13 participants in the “RV & RPS’ condition received RPS warning indicating the presence of a rear obstacle. Of those 5 participants, 4 crashed. In naturalistic backing maneuvers, the 37 participants made 6145 backing maneuvers. None of the 6145 naturalistic backing events resulted in a significant collision. There were several minor collisions during routine backing with, for example, trash cans and other vehicles. Approximately 61 percent of backing events involved no concurrent driver activity. In real-world backing situations, drivers with RV systems spent 8 to 12 percent of the backing time looking at the RV display. On average, drivers made less than one glance to the console or RV display location when no video display was present, versus 2.17 glances when only the RV system was present and 1.65 glances with RV plus RPS. Overall, drivers looked at least once at the RV display on approximately 65 percent of backing events and looked more than once at RV on approximately 40 percent of backing events. Overall, results of this study revealed that drivers look at rearview video displays during backing maneuvers at least some of the time. Approximately 14 percent of glances in baseline and obstacle events and 10 percent of glances in naturalistic backing maneuvers went to the RV display. In addition, there was no evidence to support the hypothesis that driver’s backing behavior (i.e. speed and acceleration) was influenced by the presence of absence of an RV system in either the staged obstacle event or the naturalistic backing maneuvers. Drivers’ average backing speed in naturalistic backing maneuvers was 2.26 miles per hour.
KW  - Automatic data collection systems
KW  - Backing (Driving)
KW  - Glance behavior
KW  - Glance time
KW  - Parking guidance systems
KW  - Rearview video systems
KW  - Staged testing
UR  - http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/Multimedia/PDFs/Human Factors/Visibility and Lighting/Visibility/811024.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1376532
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01582863
AU  - Mazzae, Elizabeth N
AU  - Garrott, W Riley
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Light Vehicle Rear Visibility Assessment
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 144p
AB  - This report describes a study in which the rear visibility characteristics of a set of 44 vehicles were measured. The visibility of a visual target consisting of a 29.4-inch-tall traffic cone (i.e., approximately the height of a 1-year-old child) was determined over a 6300-square-foot area stretching 35 feet to either side of the vehicle’s centerline and 90 feet back from the vehicle’s rear bumper. Rear visibility was measured for both a 50th percentile male driver (69.1 inches tall) and a 5th percentile female driver (59.8 inches tall). The areas over which the visual target was visually discernible using direct glances and indirect glances (i.e., using mirrors) was determined. Direct view (i.e., using glances out windows, not using mirrors) rear sight distances values taken in 1-foot increments across the back of vehicles were measured. The average of the eight distance values across the rear of the vehicle was then calculated. Direct-view rear sight distances were found to be shortest for small pickup trucks, compact SUVs, and compact passenger cars. Average rear sight distances were longest for a full-size van (45 feet), mid-size (44 feet) and large SUVs (≥ 34 feet), and large pickup trucks (35 feet). Rear, direct view blind zone areas for the vehicles measured were found to be smallest for small pickup trucks, compact passenger cars, and mid-size passenger cars. Direct view rear blind zone areas were largest for full-size vans, large and mid-size SUVs, large pickup trucks. Average blind zone sizes by vehicle types ranged from 100 square feet (small pickup trucks) to 1440 square feet (large SUVs).
KW  - Blind spots
KW  - Compact automobiles
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Midsize automobiles
KW  - Pickup trucks
KW  - Sport utility vehicles
KW  - Vans
KW  - Vehicle rear end
KW  - Visibility
UR  - http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/Multimedia/PDFs/Human Factors/Visibility and Lighting/Visibility/810909.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1376531
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01523703
AU  - Willems, Ben
AU  - Hah, Sehchang
AU  - Phillips, Randy
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - Future En Route Workstation Study (FEWS I): Part I - Evaluation of Workstation and Traffic Level Effects.
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Report
SP  - 69p
AB  - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has projected a significant increase in air traffic over the next two decades. Compared to current traffic levels, estimates vary from 133% by 2015 to an average of 3 times (3X) by 2025. To meet the increase in demand, the Joint Planning and Development Office and the FAA are preparing the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Plans for NextGen include increased use of advanced technologies for communications, surveillance, navigation, and decision support, as well as a change in roles and responsibilities of air traffic controllers and pilots. This first Future En route Workstation Study has investigated increases in traffic levels and integration of automation functions on the controller working position. The controllers that participated in this study experienced traffic at current levels and at increased levels of 133% and 166% of current busy sectors. The participants worked these traffic levels using either a workstation that was similar to their current environment with the availability of Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) or a future concept environment that integrated several automation functions. The results indicate that when CPDLC and the additional future concepts were available, controllers could work 133% of current traffic levels (or 28 aircraft) at acceptable workload levels. When only Voice Communications were available, the workload measures indicated that several of the controllers experienced unacceptably high workload levels. At even heavier traffic volumes of 166% of current levels (or 35 aircraft), the bottleneck was no longer due to congestion of the voice channel but was likely due to the amount of information displayed on the air traffic control (ATC) display.
KW  - Air traffic control
KW  - Air traffic controllers
KW  - Air traffic volume
KW  - Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications
KW  - Design
KW  - Next Generation Air Transportation System
KW  - Workload
KW  - Workstations
UR  - http://hf.tc.faa.gov/publications/2008-future-en-route-workstation-study-fews-i/full_text.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1307227
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01522205
JO  - Tech Brief
PB  - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
TI  - Analysis of Risk as a Function of Driving-Hour: Assessment of Driving Hours 1 through 11 Final Report
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 4p
AB  - Crashes involving large trucks constitute a significant risk to the driving public and an occupational risk to truck drivers. In 2005, some 442,000 large trucks (weighing over 10,000 lbs each) were involved in vehicle crashes; 4,951 of these large-truck crashes resulted in fatalities. Driver impairment due to drowsiness is a known contributing factor in many crashes involving commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers (Maycock, 1997). The Large Truck Crash Causation Studies found that 13 percent of truck drivers were coded as having been fatigued at the time of the crash (Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration [FMCSA], 2006).  On April 28, 2003, FMCSA published a revised set of regulations concerning the Hours-of-Service (HOS) of CMV drivers. These published regulations were amended on September 30, 2003 and implemented on  January 4, 2004. One central component of the revisions was a two-hour extension of off-duty time from eight to 10 hours. One rationale given in an FMCSA posting in the Federal Register (2005) was that the additional two hours of off-duty time would provide drivers with “… substantially more opportunity to obtain restorative sleep.” The current study examines some important issues pertaining to the HOS debate, particularly with regard to time-on-task or driving-hours.
KW  - Commercial vehicles
KW  - Drowsiness
KW  - Fatigue (Physiological condition)
KW  - Hours of labor
KW  - Motor carriers
KW  - Regulations
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Truck crashes
KW  - Truck drivers
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/51000/51300/51316/HOS-Assessment-of-Driving-Hours-TechBrief.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1306397
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01481185
AU  - SANDAG Service Bureau
AU  - California Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - California-Baja California Border Master Plan
T2  - Plan Maestro Fronterizo California-Baja California
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 194p
AB  - Crossborder travel at the six land ports of entry (POEs) in the California-Baja California region has grown significantly over the years. The San Diego County-Tijuana/Tecate region is home to the San Ysidro-Puerta México, the Otay Mesa-Mesa de Otay, and the Tecate-Tecate POEs while the Imperial County-Mexicali region hosts the Calexico-Mexicali, Calexico East-Mexicali II, and Andrade-Los Algodones POEs. Given the current and projected travel demand at the existing POEs, improving the capacity and operations of the current infrastructure is critical to decrease traffic congestion and delays, facilitate international trade, and improve the quality of life for residents in the border region. The primary objectives of the California-Baja California Border Master Plan are: (1) State of the Practice: Increase the understanding of POE and transportation planning on both sides of the border and create a plan for prioritizing and advancing POE and related transportation projects. ƒƒ(2) POE and Transportation Facilities Projects – Evaluation Criteria and Rankings: Develop criteria for prioritizing projects related to existing and new POEs, as well as transportation facilities leading to the California-Baja California POEs; rank mid- and long-term projects and services (e.g., roads, public transit, and railways). (3) Institutionalizing the California-Baja California Master Plan Process: Establish a process to institutionalize dialogue among federal, state, regional, and local stakeholders in the United States  and Mexico to identify future POE and connecting transportation infrastructure needs and coordinate  projects.
KW  - Border regions
KW  - California-Mexico border region
KW  - International borders
KW  - Master plans
KW  - Ports of entry
KW  - Stakeholders
KW  - State of the practice
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - United States-Mexico Border
UR  - http://www.borderplanning.fhwa.dot.gov/documents/baja_complete.pdf
UR  - http://www.borderplanning.fhwa.dot.gov/documents/baja_techAppx.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1250044
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01478582
AU  - Hastings, Aaron L
AU  - Scarpone, Christopher J
AU  - Fleming, Gregg G
AU  - Lee, Cynthia S Y
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
AU  - National Park Service
TI  - Exterior Sound Level Measurements of Over-Snow Vehicles at Yellowstone National Park
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 89p
AB  - Sounds associated with oversnow vehicles, such as snowmobiles and snowcoaches, are an  important management concern at Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. The John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center’s Environmental Measurement and Modeling Division is supporting the National Park Service with its on-going Winter Use Planning program. As part of this support, acoustic measurements of ten snowcoaches and six snowmobiles were made at the south entrance to Yellowstone National Park from the 26th through the 28th of February 2008. Measurement methodologies were guided by SAE J1161 and SAE J192. There were two primary objectives: 1) to determine which snowcoaches had the Best Available Technology (BAT) with respect to noise emissions, and 2) to determine if there was a significant difference between snowmobile sound levels when tested using two revisions of SAE J192. Based on analysis of the data, it appears that among the snowcoaches, the Yellowstone Expeditions’ modified Dodge B530 snowcoach would be an  excellent candidate for BAT classification. It was also found that measurements guided by the two revisions of SAE J192 had very similar results.
KW  - Grand Teton National Park
KW  - Ground effect
KW  - INM (Integrated Noise Model)
KW  - National parks
KW  - Noise
KW  - Snowmobiles
KW  - Sound level
KW  - Sound transmission
KW  - Yellowstone National Park
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47000/47030/dot_vntsc_08-03.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1247586
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01478202
AU  - National Academy of Public Administration
AU  - Federal Transit Administration
TI  - Volume 1: Identifying the Workforce to Respond to a National Imperative. The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen)
SN  - 1577441672
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 184p
AB  - Transforming the nation’s air transportation system is a national imperative. The current system is one of the safest in the world, but it is experiencing unprecedented challenges: demand for air transportation is outpacing capacity; delays, cancellations, and diverted flights are increasing at alarming rates; and new and different types of aircraft are creating gridlock in the skies. Added to these challenges is an aging infrastructure, making the system’s reliance on ground-based radars operationally obsolete and increasingly inefficient. Greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental concerns are arising from inefficient use of aircraft and airspace, and security concerns are growing. These problems cannot be addressed by upgrading or minimally changing the current system. A total transformation is needed. To address this national imperative, in 2003, Congress mandated creation of the inter-agency Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to lead the nation in transitioning to the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen)—a system that must safely accommodate what could be a triple increase in air traffic by the year 2025. NextGen is envisioned as a major redesign of the air transportation system that will take the nation into a new paradigm of aviation by replacing ground-based radar technology and voice communication with precision satellite navigation; digital, networked communications; an integrated weather system; increased security; and tailored individual flight paths. The JPDO is responsible for coordinating and integrating the efforts of private industry and the federal agencies that have a role in the NextGen transformation. In addition to the FAA, several other federal entities have key roles in the NextGen transformation, including the Departments of Transportation, Defense, Homeland Security, and Commerce, as well as NASA and the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. FAA has the largest role in this effort and is primarily responsible for developing and implementing the policies, systems and technology necessary to achieve the NextGen vision, while safely operating the current air transportation system 24 hours a day, seven days a week. FAA must undertake this national challenge despite doubt created by its past efforts to modernize. While recent projects have been more successful, over the past 25 years FAA’s modernization projects have experienced substantial cost overruns, lengthy delays, and significant performance shortfalls. Due to its problem-plagued past, the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) has designated FAA’s modernization program a high-risk information technology investment since 1995. Consequently, FAA is under significant and increasing pressure to deliver a new air transportation system.
KW  - Air traffic
KW  - Communications satellites
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Labor force
KW  - Next Generation Air Transportation System
KW  - Satellite navigation systems
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration
UR  - http://www.napawash.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/08-10.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1247224
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01470188
AU  - Commonwealth of Massachusetts
AU  - Planners Collaborative, Incorporated
AU  - TranSystems Corporation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Massachusetts Bicycle Transportation Plan
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 146p
AB  - Over the past thirty years, bicycle use has evolved from a mostly recreational activity to a logical mode of travel for an increasing number of people. Transportation planners and roadway engineers now take bicycling more seriously. This shift is reflected in MassHighway’s 2006 landmark Project Development and Design Guide, which helped to transform the way all new projects are designed and to encourage projects that are sensitive to the local context while meeting the needs of all system users. The Massachusetts Bicycle Transportation Plan (Plan), prepared by the Executive Office of Transportation (EOT), continues to advance bicycle transportation by: 1.  Providing a complete and current inventory available of existing on‐road and off‐road facilities (shared use paths), projects in the pipeline, and long‐term facility proposals 2.  Recommending a 740‐mile, seven‐corridor Bay State Greenway (BSG) network consisting of on‐road and off‐road facilities bound by a single identity and including on‐road routes that parallel shared use paths 3.  Providing an implementation strategy aimed at launching the BSG initially as mostly an on‐road system, geared to both utilitarian and recreational travel, and complemented by a long‐term investment strategy 4.  Recommending other programmatic enhancements and interagency initiatives In accordance with Governor Deval Patrick’s Sustainable Development principles, the Plan addresses a number of important transportation, economic development, public health, and recreation needs by creating the groundwork for implementation of the BSG. Establishing the BSG is motivated by a number of factors, including the Commonwealth’s inherently bicycle‐friendly nature, the need for more bicycle routes and more coordinated information on them, projected economic benefits, and the ability to implement the BSG incrementally. Deploying the BSG with both on‐and off‐road facilities makes sense. Massachusetts is already an attractive state for bicycle riding, featuring many two‐lane roadways, varied and highly picturesque landscapes, and appealing urban settings. In fact, a series of commercially available bicycle maps published for use in Massachusetts feature over 4,700 miles of roads with the designation of “recommended bicycle route on roadway.” Several factors shaped the BSG’s seven corridors. These include the state legislature’s directive to establish at least three north/south and two east/west routes; the desire to capitalize on prior bicycle facility investments; and the goal to connect and serve major population and activity centers. A secondary network is also proposed to supplement the BSG.
KW  - Bay State Greenway
KW  - Bicycle corridors
KW  - Bicycle facilities
KW  - Bicycle travel
KW  - Bicycling
KW  - Bikeways
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://www.massdot.state.ma.us/portals/0/docs/bike/bikeplan2008.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1237290
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01469910
AU  - Vieux, Baxter E
AU  - Looper, Jonathan P
AU  - Lewis, Leslie
AU  - University of Oklahoma, Norman
AU  - Oklahoma Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Real-time Scour Risk Identification and Information Management Evaluation
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 73p
AB  - This report describes accomplishments and presents the design and evaluation of the information system, called ScourCast™. The ScourCast™ system is capable of providing plan of action and other bridge information in a single site, and real-time modeling and monitoring of flow rates at scour-critical bridges. System support for this project is provided to the University of Oklahoma by Vieux and Associates, Inc., Norman, Oklahoma, for the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT), Bridge Division. This project develops design requirements and evaluates the effectiveness of a real-time scour risk identification system that can be used as a countermeasure for scour-critical bridges. The resulting system assists in the identification of elevated risk conditions and tracks agency responses in the context of a geographic information system (GIS) and database documentation as a real-time operational system. The system utilizes GIS information to effectively communicate the location of scour-critical bridge locations that have recently experienced significant hydrologic events. The ScourCast™ system responds to a national need established by the updated National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) regulation, 23 CFR 650.313.e.3.
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Hydrologic phenomena
KW  - Real time information
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Scour
UR  - http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/spr-rip/library/reports/fhwa-ok0805.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1237856
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01363766
AU  - Faheem, Ahmed F
AU  - Hanz, Andrew
AU  - Bahia, Hussain U
AU  - University of Wisconsin, Madison
AU  - Wisconsin Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Implementation of WisDOT Project 0092-01-02: Using the SuperPave Gyratory Compactor to Measure Mechanical Stability of WisDOT Asphalt Mixes
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report of Implementation Activities
SP  - 32p
AB  - Due to the Wisconsin Department of Transportation's (WisDOT’s) commitment for the transitioning from the current empirical pavement design procedures to the new Mechanistic Pavement Design, WisDOT Project 0092-01-02: “Using the Gyratory Compactor to Measure Mechanical Stability of Asphaltic Mixtures” was selected as one of the first the research projects to implement. The project investigated the potential for the SuperPave Gyratory Compactor to provide estimates of the mechanical behavior of mixtures that can be used in the new design procedure. Mechanistic Pavement Design procedures require measurements collected with complex equipment and test methods in order to quantify the mechanical behavior of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixes. These test methods are not practical enough to be used for quality control or quality assurance in practice. Also, logistical issues and high costs associated with equipment procurement and training has prevented WisDOT from cataloging common HMA mixes to date. These limitations identified the need for a surrogate test to allow industry and the agency to obtain information related to the mechanical properties of HMA mixtures commonly used in Wisonsin and to develop simple quality management test protocols. Research results from Project # 0092-01-02 showed potential to use the Superpave gyratory compactor, which is used currently for volumetric mixture design and for quality management as the surrogate test. The results of this test are expected to bridge the gap between specifying HMA mixtures based on only volumetrics, which is the current practice, and evaluating their mechanical properties, which will be needed for the new pavement design procedure. This implementation project served the purpose of synthesizing the fundamental concepts and recommendations published in the original research study report into a package that can easily be understood and applied to everyday practice.
KW  - Gyratory testing machines
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Mechanics
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Superpave
KW  - Volumetric analysis
UR  - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/Final_Report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1132279
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01356786
AU  - White, Harry
AU  - New York State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Wingwall Type Selection for Integral Abutment Bridges: Survey of Current Practice in the United States of America
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 37p
AB  - There are more than 13,000 Integral Abutment Bridges in service in the USA. A Fully Integral Abutment Bridge (FIAB) is defined as a structure where the superstructure (bridge beams and deck) is directly connected to the substructure (abutments). During thermal expansion and contraction, the superstructure and substructure move together into and away from the backfill. There are no bearings or expansion joints. Wingwalls are a necessary component of most FIAB bridges to retain the fill that supports the roadway. Currently, wingwalls do not get a lot of attention from the designer, and are almost an afterthought to the overall design of the structure. However, wingwall orientation and connection details can have an impact on the forces induced in, and the distribution of, the forces throughout the structure. A survey was sent to all transportation agencies in the USA and Canada concerning wingwall types used with FIAB. The survey intended to summarize the current state of practice concerning typical wingwall types and the design considerations of each agency. The survey results indicate that there is little agreement among the various agencies as to what limits, if any, should be placed on the wingwall type, length or support condition used with FIAB. In fact, few states even consider wingwall selection in the overall performance of the structure.
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - Canada
KW  - Jointless bridges
KW  - State of the practice
KW  - Surveys
KW  - United States
KW  - Wingwalls
UR  - https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/SR%20154%20Integral%20Abutment%20Wingwall%20Survey%20Report-all.pdf?nd=nysdot
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1122475
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01352920
AU  - Gallagher, Susan
AU  - Western Transportation Institute
AU  - Montana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - 2008 Summer Transportation Institute
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 30p
AB  - The Western Transportation Institute hosted a two-week residential Summer Transportation Institute (STI) for eleven high school students on the Montana State University campus from June 15 to June 27, 2008.  Participants included Montana residents, one student from California, and two students from Oklahoma.  The students ranged from rising tenth to rising twelfth graders.  They participated in a comprehensive academic program that introduced them to various modes of transportation and highlighted transportation safety issues.  Team design/build activities encouraged leadership and problem-solving skills.  Students learned about college and career opportunities in the transportation field.  The STI enhancement and sports and recreation program promoted career and college survival skills and encouraged sportsmanship and collegiality among the STI cohort.
KW  - Education and training
KW  - High school students
KW  - Summer Transportation Institute, Montana State University
KW  - Transportation careers
KW  - Transportation safety
UR  - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/summer/final_report08.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45800/45827/final_report08_48.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1117508
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01344829
AU  - Rapoza, Amanda
AU  - MacDonald, John
AU  - Hastings, Aaron
AU  - Scarpone, Chris
AU  - Lee, Cynthia S Y
AU  - Fleming, Gregg G
AU  - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
AU  - National Park Service
TI  - Development of Improved Ambient Computation Methods in Support of the National Parks Air Tour Management Act
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 119p
AB  - Approximately 85 National Park units with commercial air tours will need Air Tour Management Plans (ATMPs). The objective of an ATMP is to prevent or mitigate significant adverse impacts to National Park resources. Noise impacts must be characterized in relation to representative baseline ambient sound levels. Computing ambient sound levels for acoustic conditions in National Parks is not straightforward. The National Park Service and Federal Aviation Administration, both supported by the Volpe Center, are evaluating current methods and developing standards for computing ambient sound levels in National Parks. This report describes the results of several on-going analyses: (1) Analysis of ambient data measured under high-wind conditions; (2) Quantification of the differences between in situ observer logging versus offline review of digital recordings; and (3) Computation of natural ambient and existing ambient without air tours.
KW  - Air tours
KW  - Air traffic
KW  - Ambient noise
KW  - National parks
KW  - National Parks Air Tour Management Act, 2000
KW  - Noise sources
KW  - Sound level
KW  - Tourism
KW  - Wind
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37800/37847/ATMP_Ambient_Analysis_093008.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37800/37847/DOT-VNTSC-NPS-11-08.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105309
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01344714
AU  - Schlossberg, Marc
AU  - Larco, Nico
AU  - University of Oregon, Eugene
AU  - Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Active Transportation, Neighborhood Planning and Participatory GIS (Geographic Information
System)
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 46p
AB  - Research on walking, the built environment, and healthy communities is a fairly recent area of inquiry, accelerated over the last ten years by an increased interest in the relationship between urban form and public health. A series of macro-oriented logic models and micro-focused data collection tools have been developed over this time in order to understand this healthy communities issue, as well as operationalize the hypotheses around the connection between the built environment and physical activity. None of these efforts, however, attempt to connect their assessment frameworks and tools with a public involvement process. The last ten years has also seen the development of a concentration of work known as Public Participation GIS (PPGIS), which aims to combine the spatial sophistication of the geographic information system (GIS) with expanded public access to the tools and data linked with GIS technology. This project advances this area of research and technology transfer in two ways. First, four new built environment audit tools using Mobile GIS technology have been developed with a focus on a community approach toward data gathering and usage. These tools include the School Environment Assessment Tool (SEAT), the Complete Streets Assessment Tool (CSAT), the Accessibility Audit Tool (AAT), and the Bicycle Assessment & Safety Index Tool (BASIT). Secondly, these tools have been tested with several communities across the country and have included non-technical, general members of the public interested in healthy communities and active transportation. The tools have been refined after each community workshop and two of the tools, SEAT and CSAT, are ready for a more robust national distribution. The work delineated in the following report pages progresses our understanding of community-based, participatory GIS tools that combine public involvement with technologically advanced tools for assessments of the active transportation environment.
KW  - Bicycling
KW  - Built environment
KW  - Communities
KW  - Computer tools
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - Public health
KW  - Public participation
KW  - Technology transfer
KW  - Transportation audits
KW  - Urban form
KW  - Walking
UR  - http://otrec.us/project/18
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1106548
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01342254
AU  - Jeong, Hyung Seok
AU  - Oberlender, Garold
AU  - Atreya, Siddharth
AU  - Akella, Venkatesh
AU  - Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
AU  - Oklahoma Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of an Improved System for Contract Time Determination (Phase I & II)
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 148p
AB  - Phase I of this study was funded by OTC and was successfully completed in December, 2006. In phase I, ODOT highway projects were classified into three different Tiers through the evaluation of recently completed highway projects and a series of technical meetings and discussions with ODOT design division engineers, schedulers, contractors and FHWA-Oklahoma Division engineers. Phase I has developed a manual system to determine the contract time for Tier II highway projects. Phase II has expanded from Phase I and developed a standalone computer software to automatically determine the contract time of Tier II and Tier III projects when quantities of controlling activities are given. The developed software, namely, OK-CTDS uses VB.Net as a main programming language to build graphic user interfaces (GUIs) and uses the Microsoft Access as a main database. The program is linked with the Microsoft project to automatically generate a project schedule and the critical path of the project. The OK-CTDS has an internal function to automatically transfer all the project data to the Microsoft project from the developed software. The validation results show that the developed system can produce a reasonably accurate contract time for highway projects. During the Fall of 2007, the research team has trained more than 50 ODOT engineers and consultants involved in designing highway projects. The training program was very well received by the participants and their responses were very positive. The OK-CTDS software program can be used as a supporting tool for division project schedulers and also can be used as a training tool for new engineers.
KW  - Construction projects
KW  - Construction scheduling
KW  - Contracts
KW  - Highway projects
KW  - Oklahoma
KW  - Programming (Planning)
KW  - Project management
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Time
UR  - http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/spr-rip/library/reports/fhwa-ok0802.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44700/44714/DEVELOPMENT_OF_AN_IMPROVED_SYSTEM_FOR_CONTRACT_TIME_DETERMINATION__PHASE_I__II____BATCH_1_.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1103961
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01340386
AU  - Woll, J Heather
AU  - Surdahl, Roger W
AU  - Everett, Randy
AU  - Andresen, Ron
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Road Stabilizer Product Performance: Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 103p
AB  - Roadway stabilization or dust abatement products are classified into seven categories: 1) Water, 2) Water Absorbing, 3) Organic Petroleum, 4) Organic Non-petroleum, 5) Electrochemical, 6) Synthetic Polymer, 7) Clay Additives. Six different soil stabilizers from the above categories of 2, 4, 5, and 6 were individually applied each on a 0.8-km (0.5-mi) section to a depth of 125 mm (5 in) at the Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge in south western Wyoming. These six products were monitored for a period of two years. Both subjective and objective monitoring systems were used to evaluate the products’ effectiveness in controlling dust, wash boarding, raveling, rutting, and potholing. Materials tests and evaluation included Moisture/Density, Gradation, Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, R-Value, CBR, and silt loading. Final analysis included an overall ranking of the six products and their performance, comparisons of silt load results and dust observations, and a correlation study of the subjective and objective monitoring systems. For this specific semi-arid desert location and non-plastic crushed aggregate surfacing material, the evaluation of each product’s performance in order from the highest rank was 1) an Organic Non-Petroleum (Lignosulfonate), 2) Water Absorbing/Organic Non-Petroleum mix (Mag/Lig), 3) Water Absorbing/Organic Non-Petroleum mix (Caliber), 4) Electrochemical Enzyme (Permazyme), 5) Electrochemical Enzyme (Terrazyme), and 6) Synthetic Polymer (Soil Sement.)
KW  - Dust control
KW  - Performance
KW  - Products
KW  - Road stabilizers
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1101466
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01334237
AU  - Ivanov, Barbara
AU  - Xu, George
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Methodology Appendix: Storm Related Closures of I-5 and I-90: Freight Transportation Economic Impact Assessment Report, Winter 2007-08
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 13p
AB  - The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), under contract with the Social and Economic Sciences Research Center (SESRC) at Washington State University, conducted a study that designs and implements a mixed-mode (telephone and Internet) survey of Washington State freight-dependent businesses and the trucking industry. This survey was used to determine the economic impact on the trucking industry of the I-5 and I-90 emergency closures that occurred during winter 2007-2008. This survey was also used to profile and quantify the economic impacts of road closures caused by natural interruptions. Three types of economic impacts were quantified: Direct revenue losses incurred by the freight community; Additional costs incurred during the closures; and Additional costs incurred after the closures. This appendix details the methodology used to assess the economic impacts of the I-5 and I-90 winter storm closures during winter 2007-08.
KW  - Costs
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Interstate 5
KW  - Interstate 90
KW  - Losses
KW  - Road closures
KW  - Storms
KW  - Washington (State)
KW  - Winter
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/708.2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1097571
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01332854
AU  - Garber, N J
AU  - Kassebaum, E A
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Crash Rates and Casual Factors for High-Risk Locations on Rural and Urban Two-Lane Highways in Virginia
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 65p
AB  - Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to make highway travel safer. Traffic engineers continue to emphasize the identification of causal factors for crashes on individual sections and on different functional classes of highways as an area of emphasis. If precise causal factors and corresponding countermeasures can be identified, traffic engineers in the roadway design field would be able to use that information to make Virginia's highways safer. The purpose of this study was to identify causal factors of crashes on two-lane highways and corresponding effective countermeasures that should significantly reduce these crashes. The scope of the research was limited to two-lane highways in Virginia with data from 2001 through 2004.
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Crash causes
KW  - Crash-reduction
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic engineering
KW  - Two lane highways
KW  - Virginia
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37600/37670/09-r1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1094126
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01167137
AU  - Opiela, Ken
AU  - Kan, Steve
AU  - Marzougui, Dhafer
AU  - National Crash Analysis Center
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Applying Vehicle Dynamics Tools to Determine Optimal Median Barrier Placement
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Summary
SP  - 4p
AB  - A variety of vehicle dynamics analysis tools are commercially available to provide robust descriptions of the response of vehicles to changes in surface features. These software tools embody the design features and response characteristics for vehicle suspension and steering systems, representing a wide array of current and late model vehicles. Recently, the National Crash Analysis Center (NCAC) conducted a vehicle dynamics analysis (VDA) for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to assist a state highway agency in evaluating proposed new median barrier design standards. The agency wanted to effectively position w-beam median guardrails in two new median profiles developed to increase the drainage capacity. This effort applied VDA to determine the effect of the new median profiles (i.e., crosssections) on the trajectory of vehicles crossing the median and hence the likely interface of vehicles and median barriers considering possible impacts from either side. Background studies indicated that there had been very limited consideration in the past of vehicle dynamics in the development of highway design standards.
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Impact tests
KW  - Location
KW  - Median barriers
KW  - Vehicle dynamics
UR  - http://www.ncac.gwu.edu/research/reports.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/926070
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01160026
AU  - Jafari, Mohsen
AU  - Golmohammadi, Davood
AU  - Moini, Nadereh
AU  - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Roadside Inspection Data and Crash Data Analysis
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 167p
AB  - The New Jersey Department of Transportation - Bureau of Trucking Services (NJDOT- BTS) had requested a review of inspection and crash data to determine frequent lateness and erroneous reporting by inspectors and law enforcement officers. In response, the Rutgers University team conducted this research to fulfill the NJDOT-BTS requirements. The project had two main objectives: 1) providing an independent and quantitative assessment of crash and inspection data contained in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) database (SAFETYNET); 2) development of a human-centered decision support system. The technical approach included a thorough analysis of inspection and crash databases, site visits and field studies, and interviews with stakeholders and domain experts. The assessment of inspection and crash data concluded that data quality and integrity can be significantly improved by streamlining the underlying data collection, hand-off and storage processes, and by using advanced technologies. The authors also prepared the functional specification of a decision support system that the NJDOT-BTS is planning to use for planning and decision making. Finally, this research included a preliminary analysis of commercial motor vehicle crashes to identify locations with the most crash incidents in the NJ roadway network.
KW  - Commercial vehicles
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Data quality
KW  - Data storage
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Roadside
KW  - SafetyNet
KW  - Truck crashes
KW  - Trucking
KW  - Trucks
UR  - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/MH-0734-1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/920578
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01154732
AU  - Ozbay, Kaan
AU  - Bartin, Bekir
AU  - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Uniform Standards for Allowable Lane Closure
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 67p
AB  - Procedures for determining allowable lane closure hours to perform maintenance, construction, resurfacing, regional permit and major access permit work on the state highway system were evaluated. The current process involves the collection of traffic volumes, consultation with local authorities and the reliance on previous knowledge of the roadway to develop allowable lane closing hours. This is an ad-hoc process that lacks uniformity and does not make use of traffic engineering basics to assess the impacts of lane closures. Thus, there is a need to develop a process for determining and modifying lane closures that will have uniformity and take into account effects on productivity and traffic delay. The major goals of this study include the development of a uniform process for lane closures that takes into account the impact of lane closure on traffic and productivity, and the adoption of this uniform process throughout the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT). The QuickZone lane closure tool was selected for use with long term lane closures that require traffic diversion to alternate routes. The Rutgers Interactive Lane Closure Application (RILCA) software was selected for analyzing the impacts of short-term lane closures.
KW  - Lane closure
KW  - New Jersey
KW  - Productivity
KW  - QuickZone (Computer program)
KW  - RILCA (Computer program)
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Standards
KW  - State highways
KW  - Time duration
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Work zone traffic control
UR  - http://www.nj.gov/transportation/refdata/research/reports/FHWA-NJ-2008-014.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/915904
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01149547
AU  - Reed, Matthew P
AU  - Ebert-Hamilton, Sheila M
AU  - Klinich, Kathleen D
AU  - Manary, Miriam A
AU  - Rupp, Jonathan D
AU  - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Assessing Child Belt Fit, Volume I: Effects of Vehicle Seat and Belt Geometry on Belt Fit for Children with and without Belt Positioning Booster Seats
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 85p
AB  - A laboratory study was conducted to quantify the effects of belt-positioning boosters on lap and shoulder belt fit. Postures and belt fit were measured for forty-four boys and girls ages 5 to 12 in four highback boosters, one backless booster, and on a vehicle seat without a booster. Belt anchorage locations were varied over a wide range. Seat cushion angle, seat back angle, and seat cushion length were varied in the no-booster conditions. All boosters produced better mean lap belt fit than was observed in the no-booster condition, but the differences among boosters were relatively large. With one midrange belt configuration, the lap belt was not fully below the anterior-superior iliac spine (ASIS) landmark on the front of the pelvis for 89% of children in one booster, and 75% of children failed to achieve that level of belt fit in another. In contrast, the lap belt was fully below the ASIS for all but two children in the best-performing booster. Child body size had a statistically significant but relatively small effect on lap belt fit. The largest children sitting without a booster had approximately the same lap belt fit as the smallest children experienced in the worst-performing booster. Increasing lap belt angle relative to horizontal produced significantly better lap belt fit in the no-booster condition, but the boosters isolated the children from the effects of lap belt angles. Reducing seat cushion length in the no-booster condition improved lap belt fit but changing cushion angle did not. Belt upper anchorage (D-ring) location had a strong effect on shoulder belt fit in conditions without shoulder belt routing from the booster. Unexpectedly, the worst average shoulder belt fit was observed in one highback booster with a poorly positioned shoulder belt routing clip. The shoulder belt was routed more outboard, on average, with a backless booster than without a booster, but raising the child also amplified the effect of D-ring location, such that children were more likely to experience poor shoulder belt fit due to outboard and forward D-ring locations when sitting on the booster. Taller children experienced more-outboard shoulder belt fit in conditions without shoulder belt routing by the booster and in the one booster with poor shoulder belt routing. Adjustable shoulder belt routing on three of the highback boosters effectively eliminated stature effects, providing approximately the same shoulder belt fit for all children. Seat back angle did not have a significant effect on shoulder belt fit. The belt fit was measured in each test condition using the 6YO and 10YO Hybrid-III ATDs. ATD belt fit was strongly correlated with child belt fit across test conditions, but offsets between the ATD and child belt fit scores were observed due to anatomical and postural differences between the ATDs and children. The results of this study have broad applicability toward the improvement of occupant restraints for children. The data show substantial effects of booster design on belt fit, particularly the effects of alternative lap and torso belt routing approaches. Regression analyses quantify the critical importance of belt anchorage location for child belt fit, providing an important foundation for efforts to optimize belt geometry for children. The strong correlation between ATD and child belt fit scores means that ATD-based measurements can reliably be used to assess booster and vehicle designs with respect to child belt fit.
KW  - Belt positioning booster seats
KW  - Booster seats
KW  - Children
KW  - Dummies
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Impact tests
KW  - Seat belt fit
KW  - Seat belts
KW  - Vehicle safety
UR  - http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64459/1/102442.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/908754
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01149500
AU  - Klinich, Kathleen D
AU  - Reed, Matthew P
AU  - Ritchie, Nicole L
AU  - Manary, Miriam A
AU  - Schneider, Lawrence W
AU  - Rupp, Jonathan D
AU  - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Assessing Child Belt Fit, Volume II: Effect of Restraint Configuration, Booster Seat
Designs, Seating Procedure, and Belt Fit on the Dynamic Response of the Hybrid III 10YO ATD in Sled Tests
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 52p
AB  - A total of 49 dynamic sled tests were performed with the Hybrid III 10YO to examine issues relating to child belt fit. The goals of these tests were to evaluate ATD response to realistic belt geometries and belt fit, develop methods for accurate, repeatable evaluation of restraint conditions for older children, identify dependent measures that differentiate between good and poor restraint performance, and relate ATD performance to static belt fit with children. The first series of tests examined the effects of lap belt tension, belt configuration, and seating procedure on dynamic responses of the ATD. The second series of tests examined how different designs of booster seat lap belt guides and shoulder belt guides affect performance. In addition, the ATD’s response to different shoulder belt and lap belt geometries was evaluated. With regard to test procedures, use of a lap/shoulder belt with a sliding latchplate produced similar results to using a lap/shoulder belt with fixed anchorages. Use of a production retractor reduced shoulder belt load, as well as head, neck, and chest measures. Reducing lap belt tension to a more realistic 2 lb (rather than 15 lb) did not have a pronounced effect on ATD kinematics with two different booster seats. The UMTRI seating procedure, which produces ATD postures closer to those measured in real children, also prevents the lap belt from being trapped in the gap between the pelvis and the thigh. Use of the UMTRI seating procedure produces more reclined initial postures and more pronounced chin-to-chest contact. A well-designed booster lap belt guide can maintain good belt position dynamically, even with poor lap belt geometry. Shoulder belt guide designs affect ATD kinematics. However, preventing the shoulder belt from coming out of the shoulder belt guide does not necessarily produce better restraint performance, because the belt can still come off of the ATD shoulder during the event, and stiffening booster seats does not necessarily produce better routing of the shoulder belt dynamically. Shoulder belt scores less than 70 mm produce good torso kinematics with the 10YO ATD, but use of HIC as an injury criterion tends to discourage booster seat designs that produce good belt fit on the 10YO ATD. Lap belt angle affects torso kinematics, with shallower lap belt angles leading to submarining and more vertical lap belt angles leading to rollout. Wider spacing of lap belt anchorages leads to submarining, while narrowing spacing leads to rollout. Both upper and lower belt anchorage locations have a strong effect on ATD kinematics. Although good booster designs can mitigate the consequences of poor vehicle lap belt geometry, boosters cannot always overcome poor shoulder belt geometry to keep the belt on the ATD shoulder dynamically, even when they are able to create good static belt fit. This finding suggests that more attention should be focused on the effects of the wide variability in vehicle upper anchorage locations on belt restraint performance for children. Also, because HIC scores are decreased when the torso belt fit is degraded, use of HIC as an injury criterion for booster testing may lead to worse rather than better booster designs.
KW  - Booster seats
KW  - Children
KW  - Design
KW  - Dummies
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Occupant kinetics
KW  - Occupant protection devices
KW  - Restraint systems
KW  - Seat belt fit
KW  - Seat belts
KW  - Sled tests
KW  - Vehicle safety
UR  - http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64460/1/102443.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/910205
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01142763
AU  - Roberts, R
AU  - Al-Audi, I
AU  - Tutumluer, E
AU  - Boyle, J
AU  - Rail Service
AU  - Federal Railroad Administration
TI  - Subsurface Evaluation of Railway Track Using Ground Penetrating Radar
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 118p
AB  - This report details the implementation of 2 GHz horn antennas for measuring working ballast thickness using ground penetrating radar and the initial implementation of a 500 MHz horn antenna used for subballast and subgrade characterization. The work was performed as part of the first task order and modification task 1 in the fourth phase of a multi-phase ground penetrating radar research and development project. During the course of the project, it was found that the 2 GHz horn antennas produced data that contain reflections from the void space in clean ballast. The amplitude of the void space reflections was found to be indicative of the degree of fouling. A simple data processing scheme was implemented that converted the reflection amplitudes to color bands, which were assigned to relative degrees of ballast fouling. The 2 GHz antennas were tested on five different tracks covering more than 382 mi and produced color-coded data that correlated well with available ballast condition ground truth. Subballast and subgrade layering to depths extending beyond 6 ft and anomalous high amplitude reflection events were successfully identified with the 500 MHz antenna.
KW  - Ballast (Railroads)
KW  - Geotechnical subsurface analysis
KW  - Ground penetrating radar
KW  - Maintenance of way
KW  - Railroad tracks
KW  - Subballast
KW  - Subgrade materials
UR  - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/377
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/902895
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142081
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Al-Qadi, Imad L
AU  - Carpenter, Samuel
AU  - Leng, Zhen
AU  - Ozer, Hasan
AU  - Trepanier, James S
AU  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Illinois Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Tack Coat Optimization for HMA Overlays: Laboratory Testing
PY  - 2008/09
IS  - 08-023
SP  - 39p
AB  - Interface bonding between hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlays and Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements can be one of the most significant factors affecting overlay service life. Various factors may affect the bonding condition at the interface, including HMA material, tack coat material, tack coat application rate, PCC surface texture, temperature, and moisture conditions. The objective of this study is to quantify the impact of these parameters on the permanent deformation of the HMA overlay. This study includes three major components to achieve the objective: laboratory testing, numerical modeling, and accelerated pavement testing. This report presents and analyzes the laboratory testing results. A direct shear test device was built and utilized to investigate the characteristics of the HMA-PCC interface and to determine the interface shear strength in the lab. Tests were run in monotonic mode at a constant loading rate of 0.47 in/min (12 mm/min). Test specimens were prepared using field PCC cores, laboratory prepared HMA, and tack coat materials provided by the supplier. Parameters affecting the interface performance that were evaluated include HMA material type (SM-9.5 surface mix and IM-19.5A binder mix), tack coat type (SS-1h and SS-1hP emulsions, and RC-70 cutback), tack coat application rate, PCC surface texture, temperature, and moisture conditions. Test results showed that the asphalt emulsions SS-1h and SS-1hP produced greater interface bonding strength than the cutback asphalt RC-70. The SM-9.5 surface mix was found to have better interface strength than the IM-19.0A binder mix. The HMA tested produced the same trend of interface shear strength with tack coat application rate for various tack coat types. The optimum residual tack coat application rate for the SS-1hP emulsion using IM-19.0A binder mix was 0.04 gal/yd2 (0.18 L/m2) in the lab. The direction of tining on the PCC produced no effect on interface shear strength at 20 oC. However, the milled concrete surface provided greater interface shear strength than both tined and smooth PCC surfaces for the same tack coat application rate. At the optimum tack coat application rate, the smooth PCC surface produced higher interface shear strength than the tined surface. As temperature increased, interface bonding strength decreased. Moisture conditioning significantly decreased the interface shear strength. This reduction was more pronounced when a stripping-vulnerable binder mix IM-19.0B was used.
KW  - Bituminous overlays
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Direct shear tests
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Portland cement concrete
KW  - Strength of materials
KW  - Tack coats
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31011/ICT-08-023.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901778
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142080
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Wolters, Angela S
AU  - Hoerner, Todd E
AU  - Smith, Kurt D
AU  - Applied Pavement Technology, Incorporated
AU  - Illinois Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of HMA Overlays in Illinois
PY  - 2008/09
IS  - 08-021
SP  - 73p
AB  - The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) has evaluated the performance of the pavements in Illinois in a variety of studies over the years. Since those studies were conducted, several changes in IDOT practices, policies, and procedures have sparked the need to reassess the performance of HMA overlays in Illinois. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of HMA overlays in Illinois. The service life of the overlays is affected by a variety of factors that were examined in this study. Specifically, the following attributes were examined: • Construction year period,  • Location,  • Condition before overlay placement,  • Presence of D-cracking on rigid pavement sections before overlay,  • Underlying concrete type,  • Estimated overlay number,  • Overlay type. The service life trends observed in the 231 examined datasets were as expected for the majority of the datasets. However, there were some inconsistencies or unexpected trends in the results for several data sets. For those cases, the data were reviewed and the reasons for the inconsistent or unexpected trends were often obvious. The data causing the unexpected trends were not removed from the datasets as the data was true CRS data. Based upon the service life results, the impact of the evaluated variables on the performance of the HMA overlays were documented in the report. The database of information developed as part of the study contains a wealth of information that can be used to further analyze the effects of various attributes on the performance of HMA overlays.
KW  - Bituminous overlays
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Service life
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31008/FHWA-ICT-08-021.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901780
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142064
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Medina, Juan C
AU  - Benekohal, Rahim F
AU  - Chitturi, Madhav
AU  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Illinois Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Video Detection Systems, Volume 1: Effects of
Configuration Changes in the Performance of Video Detection Systems
PY  - 2008/09//Research Report
IS  - 08-024
SP  - 64p
AB  - The effects of modifying the configuration of three video detection (VD) systems (Iteris, Autoscope, and Peek) are evaluated in daytime and nighttime conditions. Four types of errors were used: false, missed, stuck-on, and dropped calls. The three VD systems were installed side-by-side at an intersection in Rantoul, IL. The configurations were modified by the vendors to improve their performance. The modifications to Peek VD configuration effectively reduced dropped calls at the stop bar zones; however, that was at the expense of increasing false calls during daytime and missed and false calls during night time. Similarly, in the advance zones, in both daytime and nighttime, there was a clear tradeoff between decreasing missed calls and increasing false calls. The modifications to Autoscope VD configuration did not provide a clear improvement at the stop bar zones during daytime; however, during nighttime, false calls increased and missed calls were eliminated. In the advance zones, the Autoscope changes significantly reduced missed calls in both day and night, reduced false calls in daytime, but increased in false calls during nighttime. The modifications to Iteris VD configuration were slight and overall effects of the changes were relatively small. This resulted in a tradeoff between false and missed calls. The results for three systems indicate that there are tradeoffs when the goal is to improve the overall performance of VD systems. Thus, after making modifications to the configuration of VD systems, the effects of these changes should be monitored not only for improvements on the previously detected errors, but also for potential new errors of a different type.
KW  - Intersections
KW  - Performance
KW  - Technology assessment
KW  - Video imaging detectors
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31012/ICT-08-024.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901870
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142047
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Pekcan, Onur
AU  - Tutumluer, Erol
AU  - Thompson, Marshall R
AU  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Nondestructive Pavement Evaluation Using ILLI-PAVE Based Artificial Neural Network Models
PY  - 2008/09
IS  - 08-022
SP  - 190p
AB  - The overall objective in this research project is to develop advanced pavement structural analysis models for more accurate solutions with fast computation schemes. Soft computing and modeling approaches, specifically the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) techniques, have been implemented to develop forward and backcalculation type pavement analysis models based on the validated nonlinear ILLI-PAVE finite element solutions of the most commonly found/constructed flexible pavements in the State of Illinois. The developed pavement evaluation toolbox can be used for rapidly and more accurately backcalculating field or in-service pavement layer properties and thicknesses; predicting critical stress, strain, and deformation responses of these in-service pavements in real time from the measured Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) deflection data; and incorporating these predicted critical pavement responses, such as tensile strain for asphalt fatigue, directly into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s (IDOT’s) mechanistic pavement analysis and design with emphasis on extended life asphalt pavement design concepts. The outcome of the project’s successful research efforts now provides IDOT with a field validated nondestructive pavement evaluation professional ANN (ANN-Pro) software package to assess pavement condition through FWD backcalculation and eventually help assess pavement rehabilitation strategies. In addition, a second software package also developed in the project provides the framework SOFTSYS, Soft Computing Based Pavement and Geomaterial System Analyzer, which estimates full-depth asphalt pavement thickness when there is no thickness data available for the pavement section where FWD testing is performed.
KW  - Backcalculation
KW  - Deflection
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Flexible pavements
KW  - Genetic algorithms
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Neural networks
KW  - Nondestructive tests
KW  - Pavement performance
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31009/FHWA-ICT-08-022.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901781
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01141005
AU  - Solomon, Mark G
AU  - Hedlund, James H
AU  - Haire, Emily R
AU  - Chaffe, Robert H B
AU  - Cosgrove, Linda A
AU  - Preusser Research Group, Incorporated
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - The 2006 National Labor Day Impaired Driving Enforcement Crackdown: Drunk Driving. Over the Limit. Under Arrest
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 120p
AB  - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s 2006 Drunk Driving. Over the Limit. Under Arrest. Labor Day holiday campaign had three main components: (1) DWI enforcement, (2) public awareness efforts, and (3) evaluation. The 2006 program used approximately $10 million in Congressionally funded television and radio advertisements. The message was that police would arrest drivers if they were caught driving drunk. Thirty States reported spending $8 million locally on similar messages. Eighteen nights of enforcement focused on apprehending intoxicated drivers. Forty-eight States reported over 40,000 DWI arrests. National random sample telephone surveys conducted prior to and just after the campaign found that the media effort increased awareness of the enforcement crackdown and a small increase in the perceived likelihood of being stopped for drinking and driving, but indicated no self-reported changes in drinking driving behavior. The number of alcohol-related fatalities were essentially unchanged from the year before; drivers with positive blood alcohol concentrations (.08+ grams per deciliter) who were male, age 18 to 34, decreased in number from 2005 to 2006 (4,996 versus 4,872). Case studies document recent efforts in 8 States, demonstrating that States can achieve significant reduction in alcohol-related crashes when they engage in sustained high-visibility enforcement (Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, Tennessee, and West Virginia). Several of these States accomplished sizable decreases in alcohol-related deaths due to their programs. For example, Colorado had a 28% reduction in drivers over the .08 BAC limit during the five-year period from 2001 and West Virginia had an 18% decrease in alcohol-related fatalities 2002 through 2005.
KW  - Blood alcohol levels
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Drunk drivers
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Impaired drivers
KW  - Public information programs
KW  - Safety campaigns
KW  - Traffic law enforcement
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30400/30461/811039.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901218
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139512
AU  - Ozbay, Kaan
AU  - Ozguven, Eren Erman
AU  - Sertel, Tolga
AU  - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Manual of Guidelines for Inspection of ITS Equipment and Facilities
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 83p
AB  - An Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) acceptance and maintenance inspection manual was needed as a reference document to assist New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) inspectors, ITS design and traffic operations personnel, and ITS maintenance personnel to ensure effective inspection and maintenance of ITS facilities. This manual is a comprehensive reference document that has separate inspection (acceptance) and maintenance sections. The inspection (acceptance) section covers the following areas (but should not be limited to these only): inspection of ITS equipment after installation; acceptance testing; and verifying that the corresponding ITS equipment and its elements have been manufactured and constructed in accordance to the quality requirements of the specifications/plans. Maintenance sections cover the following areas (but should not be limited to these only): routine maintenance of various ITS equipment; maintenance schedules for ITS systems and devices; and troubleshooting, spare parts inventory, configuration management and disaster recovery, etc. A wide variety of engineers including civil, mechanical, electrical, software and computer, and communication engineers are required to design and construct ITS facilities. ITS device manufacturers, system vendors, suppliers, and contractors, etc., develop and provide drawings, guides, manuals, inspection procedures, and maintenance procedures. Thus, there was a vast amount of knowledge that needed to be extracted and then incorporated into a Manual of Guidelines for effective inspection of ITS facilities by knowledgeable, experienced NJDOT personnel and well-trained inspectors and/or subcontractors. The major goal of this project was to provide these stakeholders with the tools necessary to effectively inspect and maintain New Jersey’s ITS equipments.
KW  - Acceptance tests
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Maintenance
KW  - Manuals
KW  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
UR  - http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/research/reports/FHWA-NJ-2008-006.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899893
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139505
AU  - Chien, Steven I
AU  - Daniel, Janice R
AU  - Bladikas, Athanassios K
AU  - New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Stability and Accuracy of HCM Level of Service in Darkness and Adverse Weather
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 78p
AB  - The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) uses average travel speed to assign Level of Service (LOS) to urban streets and arterials. However, the HCM procedure for estimating travel speeds has weaknesses, particularly in the determination of the Free-Flow Speed (FFS), by failing to account for the impact of weather conditions (e.g., rain, snow, ice, etc,) and light conditions (e.g., sunglare, darkness, etc.). In this research, traffic data, under adverse weather, were collected and the impact of weather conditions on speed and density on selected New Jersey highways was investigated. Equations were developed to adjust the capacity estimation formula and figures suggested by HCM (2000) that can be used to accurately estimate travel times for buses and general traffic considering darkness and adverse weather.
KW  - Arterial highways
KW  - Average travel speed
KW  - Darkness
KW  - Equations
KW  - Free flow speeds
KW  - Highway Capacity Manual
KW  - Level of service
KW  - New Jersey
KW  - Streets
KW  - Travel time
KW  - Weather conditions
UR  - http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/research/reports/FHWA-NJ-2008-007.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899902
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139410
AU  - Kim, Dong-Ho
AU  - Won, Moon C
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Pilot Implementation of Optimized Aggregate Gradation for Concrete Paving
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Report
SP  - 57p
AB  - In an effort to identify the benefits of using optimized aggregate gradation (OAG) in paving concrete, three test sections were constructed; each in Wichita Falls (US287 northbound), Fort Worth (SH114B northbound), and Dallas (SH121 westbound) Districts. Both normal aggregate gradation (NAG) and OAG sections were placed side by side in Wichita Falls project. Only OAG sections were placed in Forth Worth and Dallas projects. Fresh and hardened concrete properties of NAG and OAG concretes in Wichita Falls project and OAG concrete in Fort Worth and Dallas projects were evaluated. For the evaluation of pavement performance as affected by the use of NAG and OAG concretes, efforts were made to measure early-age continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) performance indicators such as crack spacing and crack widths. Since the same cement contents and water-cement ratios were used in NAG and OAG concretes, there was little difference in strength-related hardened concrete properties. On the other hand, differences were observed in in-situ coefficient of thermal expansion (COTE) and drying shrinkage between NAG and OAG concretes, with lower values for OAG concrete. Even with lower in-situ COTE and drying shrinkage, more cracks formed in OAG concrete than in NAG concrete section, which signifies the effects of other factors such as setting temperatures on cracking behavior of CRCP. It is expected that better long-term performance will be achieved with OAG concrete due to the lower values of COTE and drying shrinkage.
KW  - Aggregate gradation
KW  - Coefficient of thermal expansion
KW  - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements
KW  - Dallas (Texas)
KW  - Fort Worth (Texas)
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Shrinkage
KW  - Test sections
KW  - Wichita Falls (Texas)
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/5_9026_01_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899562
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135864
AU  - Arndt, B
AU  - DeMarco, Matthew
AU  - Andrew, R
AU  - Yeh and Associates, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Polyurethane Resin (PUR) Injection for Rock Mass Stabilization
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 75p
AB  - The Federal Lands Highway (FLH) of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recently investigated the application of polyurethane resin (PUR) injection as a rapidly deployed, cost-effective ground and structure stabilization method. Application objectives included the preservation of historic, cultural and other environmentally sensitive natural and man-made features, while maintaining the original visual characteristics and aesthetic appeal. Most recently, in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), FLH completed full-scale PUR demonstration projects at a historic tunnel located along highway SH 14 in the scenic Poudre Canyon west of Ft. Collins, CO, and at a dry-stack stone masonry retaining wall supporting highway SH 149 along the Rio Grande River northwest of South Fork, CO. The Poudre Canyon demonstration involved PUR injection and stabilization of a previously bolted section of the western tunnel portal, where annual freeze/thaw cycles and rock mass creep toward the adjacent Cache La Poudre River were contributing to rock mass instability. The South Fork demonstration involved PUR injection within a culturally-sensitive dry-stack stone masonry wall that was progressively failing. In addition to the FLH sites, CDOT also contributed PUR injection data from a recent rock slope stabilization project along highway US 6 in Clear Creek Canyon just west of Golden, CO. Based on the lessons learned from these investigations, application guidance has been developed for the selection of polyurethane resin products and injection methods to (1) stabilize failing rockmasses (e.g., rock slopes, unique rock promontories, escarpments), and (2) preserve aging and/or deteriorating man-made structures (e.g., historic retaining walls, archeological structures). u0908
KW  - Building materials by properties
KW  - Federal lands
KW  - Federal Lands Highway Program
KW  - Gluing
KW  - Injection (Geology)
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Polyurethane resins
KW  - Rock mass
KW  - Rock slopes
KW  - Soil stabilization
UR  - http://www.cflhd.gov/programs/techDevelopment/geotech/PUR/documents/01_pur_injection_rock_mass_stabilization.pdf
UR  - http://www.cflhd.gov/programs/techDevelopment/geotech/PUR/documents/01_pur_injection_rock_mass_stabilization.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/896156
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135504
AU  - Hanowski, Richard J
AU  - Blanco, Myra
AU  - Nakata, Akiko
AU  - Hickman, Jeffrey S
AU  - Schaudt, W A
AU  - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Drowsy Driver Warning System Field Operations Test: Data Collection Methods
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 293p
AB  - A Drowsy Driver Warning System (DDWS) detects physiological and/or performance indications of driver drowsiness and provides feedback to drivers regarding their state. The primary function of a DDWS is to provide information that will alert drivers to their drowsy state and motivate them to seek rest or take other corrective steps to increase alertness. The system tested in this study was the Driver Fatigue Monitor (DFM) developed by Attention Technologies, Incorporated which estimates PERCLOS (percent eye closure). The primary goal of this field operational test (FOT) was to determine the safety benefits and operational capabilities, limitations, and characteristics of the DFM. The FOT was conducted in a naturalistic driving environment and data were collected from actual truck drivers driving commercial trucks. During the course of the study, 46 trucks were instrumented with a Data Acquisition System (DAS). Over 100 data variables such as the PERCLOS output from the DFM and driving performance data (e.g., lane position, speed, and longitudinal acceleration) were collected. Other collected measures included video, actigraphy, and questionnaires.
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Drivers
KW  - Drowsiness
KW  - Fatigue (Physiological condition)
KW  - Human factors in crashes
KW  - Motor vehicle operations
KW  - Stress (Psychology)
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Truck drivers
KW  - Warning systems
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892844
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135383
AU  - Reed, M
AU  - Ohio Aerospace Institute
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - Ice Shape Scaling for Aircraft in SLD Conditions
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 42p
AB  - This paper has summarized recent NASA research into scaling of SLD conditions with data from both SLD and Appendix C tests. Scaling results obtained by applying existing scaling methods for size and test-condition scaling will be reviewed. Large feather growth issues, including scaling approaches, will be discussed briefly. The material included applies only to unprotected, unswept geometries. Within the limits of the conditions tested to date, the results show that the similarity parameters needed for Appendix C scaling also can be used for SLD scaling, and no additional parameters are required. These results were based on visual comparisons of reference and scale ice shapes. Nearly all of the experimental results presented have been obtained in sea-level tunnels. The currently recommended methods to scale model size, icing limit and test conditions are described.
KW  - Aircraft
KW  - Aircraft industry
KW  - Aircraft operations
KW  - Ice formations
KW  - Icing
KW  - Scaling factor
KW  - Winter maintenance
UR  - http://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar0755.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892206
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135321
AU  - McKnight, A Scott
AU  - Watson, D E
AU  - Voas, Robert B
AU  - Fell, James C
AU  - Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Update of Vehicle Sanction Laws and Their Application: Volume 2. Vehicle Sanctions Status by State
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 96p
AB  - Because of the substantial number of driving while intoxicated (DWI) offenders driving illegally with suspended licenses and the limited enforcement resources available to deal with the problem, many States and the Federal government have begun to enact legislation directed at the vehicles owned by offenders to limit their illicit driving. Such policies fall into three broad categories: (1) programs that require special plates on the vehicles of DWI offenders and/or confiscating the vehicle plates and vehicle registration; (2) devices installed in the vehicle that prevent its operation if the driver has been drinking (alcohol ignition interlock); and (3) programs that impound, immobilize, confiscate, or forfeit the vehicles. This study updates as of the end of 2004 a 1992 NHTSA study of vehicle sanctions. The 1992 study reported that 32 States had laws providing for various vehicle sanctions; however, in most of these States these sanctions were rarely used. This current study updates that effort with a contemporary overview of vehicle sanction laws and their application as of December 2004.
KW  - Confiscation
KW  - Driver licenses
KW  - Drunk drivers
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Immobilization (Vehicles)
KW  - Problem drivers
KW  - State laws
KW  - Suspensions
KW  - Traffic law enforcement
UR  - http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/Articles/Associated%20Files/811028b.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892213
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135190
AU  - Clark, Nigel N
AU  - Zhen, Feng
AU  - Wayner, W S
AU  - Lyons, Donald W
AU  - West Virginia University, Morgantown
AU  - Federal Transit Administration
TI  - Additional Transit Bus Life Cycle Cost Scenarios Based on Current and Future Fuel Prices
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 30p
AB  - National average diesel and compressed natural gas fuel price increased to $4.71 per gallon and $14.41 per thousand cubic feet in July 2008. West Virginia University did a life cycle cost analysis for the Federal Transit Administration on diesel hybrid-electric bus technology, conventional diesel bus technology using ultra low sulfur diesel, conventional diesel bus technology using B20 biodiesel fuel, and compressed natural gas bus technology. The fuel price forecast in the previous analysis ($2.67 per gallon for diesel and $13.34 per thousand cubic feet estimated in 2008) was much lower than the current fuel price. The life cycle cost of the four technologies was recalculated according to the high fuel cost. The report addressed how fuel costs were estimated and presented the life cycle cost summary charts for the four different fuel price scenarios.
KW  - Biodiesel fuels
KW  - Bus transportation
KW  - Compressed natural gas
KW  - Diesel buses
KW  - Diesel electric buses
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Fuel prices
KW  - Life cycle analysis
KW  - Natural gas buses
KW  - Urban transportation
UR  - http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/WVU_FTA_LCC_Second_Report_11-03-2008.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894494
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135158
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Motor Vehicle Traffic Crash Fatality Counts and Estimates of People Injured for 2007
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 129p
AB  - This report compares fatality counts and estimates of people injured resulting from motor vehicle traffic crashes occurring in 2007, with counts and estimates from final 2006 files. As usual, the final numbers reported are updated from the previously released annual file data; the 2006 final file shows an increase of 66 more fatalities. Counts and estimates are based on Fatality Analysis Reporting System and NASS General Estimates System files, as indicated in the sources listed on page 4. The fatality counts for 2007 will be finalized next year. Data from 2006 and prior years are final and will not be updated again.
KW  - Crash injuries
KW  - Crash rates
KW  - Crash reports
KW  - Crash severity
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - Property damage
KW  - Statistical analysis
KW  - Tables (Data)
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic safety
UR  - http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811034.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35300/35397/2007Stats.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894546
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134976
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - Philadelphia International Airport, capacity enhancement program : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/09//Volumes held: Draft(3v)(v.2 fol),Dsum
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Pennsylvania
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895726
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134849
AU  - Chaudhary, Neil K
AU  - Tison, Julie
AU  - Preusser Research Group, Incorporated
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Estimated Medical Cost Savings in Rhode Island by Implementation of a Primary Seat Belt Law
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 12p
AB  - This report examines 2006 hospital discharge data reporting cases where the external cause of injury to a vehicle occupant was a motor vehicle crash to predict the estimated savings to Rhode Island if a primary seat belt law is implemented. The savings are calculated using costs based on the report "Economic Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes" (DOT HS 809 446). In Rhode Island, there is an expectation of a primary law reducing the burden of insurance companies by about $1.9 million from crashes occurring in a single year alone. The people of Rhode Island would benefit by a reduction of more than $397,000 while the Federal Government would reduce its costs by about $278,000 before reimbursing Rhode Island for a portion of Medicaid expenditures. Rhode Island would also reduce its spending by $553,000 ($374,000 after reimbursement).
KW  - Costs
KW  - Crash injuries
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Injury costs
KW  - Medical costs
KW  - Primary enforcement laws
KW  - Primary seat belt laws
KW  - Rhode Island
KW  - Seat belts
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30400/30462/811041.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894608
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134847
AU  - Chaudhary, Neil K
AU  - Tison, Julie
AU  - Preusser Research Group, Incorporated
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Estimated Medical Cost Savings in Vermont by Implementation of a Primary Seat Belt Law
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 11p
AB  - This report examines 2005 hospital discharge data reporting cases where the external cause of injury to a vehicle occupant was a motor vehicle crash to predict the estimated savings to the State of Vermont if a primary seat belt law is implemented. The savings are calculated using costs based on the report "Economic Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes" (DOT HS 809 446). In Vermont, there is an expectation of a primary law reducing the burden of insurance companies by about $1.3 million from crashes occurring in a single year alone. The people of Vermont would benefit by a reduction of more than $130,000 while the Federal Government would reduce its costs by about $125,000 before reimbursing Vermont for a portion of Medicaid expenditures. Vermont would also reduce its spending by more than $498,000 ($248,000 after reimbursement).
KW  - Costs
KW  - Crash injuries
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Injury costs
KW  - Medical costs
KW  - Primary enforcement laws
KW  - Primary seat belt laws
KW  - Seat belts
KW  - Vermont
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30400/30463/811042.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894612
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01131896
AU  - Heckmann, Christopher
AU  - Bayrak, Oguzhan
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Effects of Increasing the Allowable Compressive Stress at Release on the Shear Strength of Prestressed Concrete Girders
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Report
SP  - 173p
AB  - In recent years, several research projects have been conducted to study the feasibility of increasing the allowable compressive stress in concrete at prestress transfer, currently defined as 0.60f'ci in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Increasing the limit would result in many economical and design benefits for the precast concrete industry, such as increased span lengths and faster turnover of beams in stressing beds. This research study focuses on the effects of increasing the allowable compressive stress at release on the shear strength of prestressed concrete members, a topic which has not yet been explored by past research projects. The current experimental work is funded under Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Project 5197, which initiated in 2004 at the University of Texas at Austin. In the shear performance evaluation, 18 shear tests were performed. In the shear tests, the beams were loaded to fail in web-shear, with a shear span to depth ratio of 2.22. The diagonal cracking shears and shear capacities were experimentally measured for all specimens tested. All test specimens were TxDOT Type-C highway bridge girders (40-inch deep pretensioned I-beams) and were fabricated by three different precast plants in Texas. The compressive stress at release for the test specimens ranged from 0.56f'ci to 0.76f'ci. The measured cracking shears and shear capacities were compared to the estimated cracking shears and shear capacities, as calculated using ACI 318-08 and AASHTO LRFD (2007), and the effects of higher release stresses on shear strength and serviceability were evaluated by examining the conservativeness and accuracy of the predictions. Based on the experimental results summarized in this report, an increase in the allowable maximum compressive stress in concrete in the end regions of prestressed concrete beams at prestress transfer to 0.65f'ci or 0.70f'ci can be justified.
KW  - AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
KW  - Compressive stress
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Girders
KW  - I beams
KW  - Prestress transfer
KW  - Prestressed concrete
KW  - Shear strength
KW  - Shear tests
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5197_3.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892070
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129968
AU  - Suh, Chul
AU  - Kim, Dongho
AU  - Won, Moon C
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of the Thickness Design for Concrete Pavement Overlays over Existing Asphalt Pavement Structures
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Report
SP  - 121p
AB  - Several thin whitetopping (TWT) projects in the U.S. were reviewed to identify variables with significant effects on TWT behavior and performance. The joint spacing has a significant effect on performance as it determines the wheel loading condition in the slabs. Joints placed under or near the wheel paths caused serious distresses in TWT due to corner loading condition. Full-scale whitetopping pavement was constructed and tested under static and constant cyclic loading for fatigue. The concept of equivalent fatigue life was applied to correct the effect of the different stress ratios. The S-N curve developed from this study was very close to Thompson and Barenburg’s S-N curve after the application of the equivalent fatigue life concept. A factorial experiment was developed that included almost all the variables related to TWT designs. A total of 7,776 treatments were identified. Computer program ISLAB2000 was selected as an analysis tool, as it was used in the development of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). ISLAB2000 was run 7,776 times and the results were statistically analyzed. Using log-log regression, the analysis results were approximated with the generalized English unit design equation for the determination of the required whitetopping thickness with several conservative assumptions. Current Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) design method for TWT does not account for the condition of the existing hot mix asphalt pavement. Rather, the slab thickness is determined solely by the future truck traffic. In addition, current TxDOT design method for TWT requires truck traffic as input while TP&P provides traffic information in terms of equivalent single axle loads (ESALs). The proposed design equation is more realistic in that it accounts for all the design variables including layer characteristics. It also utilizes ESAL as traffic input. Therefore, the proposed design equation will provide TxDOT engineers with more accurate and convenient design tool for TWT.
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Concrete overlays
KW  - Design methods
KW  - Equations
KW  - Equivalent single axle loads
KW  - Fatigue (Mechanics)
KW  - ISLAB2000 (Computer program)
KW  - Pavement joints
KW  - Repeated loads
KW  - Spacing
KW  - Test sections
KW  - Thickness
KW  - Wheel loads
KW  - Whitetopping
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5482_2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890429
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129964
AU  - Kim, Dong-Ho
AU  - Suliman, Mohammad R
AU  - Won, Moon C
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Literature Review on Concrete Pavement Overlays Over Existing Asphalt Pavement Structures
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Report
SP  - 59p
AB  - The primary objective of this report is to summarize the findings of the literature review on the performance of whitetopping test sections and design procedures. Two questions face pavement engineers who consider using portland cement concrete (PCC) overlays over hot mix asphalt concrete (HMAC): (1) Is the HMAC section in need of rehabilitation a good candidate for PCC overlay? (2) If it is, what should be the optimum PCC overlay structure, thin whitetopping (TWT) or full depth regular PCC pavement? To get answers to these questions, it is important to be able to properly evaluate the existing HMAC pavement for its ability to uniformly support PCC slabs. Without the ability to properly evaluate the supporting capability of HMAC pavement, it’s difficult to develop reasonable rehabilitation strategies. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) developed design standards and special specification for TWT. However, TxDOT currently does not have guidelines or design procedures for the rehabilitation of HMAC showing rutting and shoving, with TWT. Several whitetopping projects were constructed over the years. The performance of these projects was investigated. They include test sections in Illinois, Minnesota, and Colorado. Several design procedures for whitetopping were reviewed: 1) Colorado whitetopping design procedures; 2) the Portland Cement Association design procedure developed by the Construction Technology Laboratories; 3) American Concrete Pavement Association design procedures; and 4) design procedures developed by the New Jersey DOT, which were based on theoretical analysis. Review of these design procedures reveals that improvements are still needed for the proper and accurate determination of whitetopping pavement system.
KW  - Asphalt concrete pavements
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Concrete overlays
KW  - Design methods
KW  - Design standards
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Specifications
KW  - Test sections
KW  - Thin whitetopping
KW  - Whitetopping
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5482_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890485
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129924
AU  - Wurfel, Erin
AU  - Huan, Luke
AU  - Bai, Yong
AU  - Buhr, Vincent
AU  - University of Kansas, Lawrence
AU  - University of Kansas, Lawrence
AU  - Kansas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Freight Analysis Framework for the Sustainable Economic Growth
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 84p
AB  - Freight transportation, through highway, rail, water and air, is critical to the Nation’s economy. In 2001, over $313 billion worth of goods and services were transported over the Nation’s highways. The volume of freight in the United States is expected to increase 70% by 2020. Therefore, the need for a reliable freight transportation system is needed. According to Daniel Murray, director of research for the American Transportation Research Institute, “the ability to plan trips, deliveries, and transactions down to hours and minutes – rather than days and weeks” is the key to succeeding in the freight industry. "This makes reliability one of the single most important performance measures from a private sector perspective.” The primary objective of this research was to create a freight analysis framework for the greater Kansas City Area so that the government agencies and industries will be able to properly plan for future increases in freight traffic, identify current issues and future trends regarding freight transportation in Kansas, and ensure that the transportation infrastructure throughout the state can meet future freight transportation methods. The objective was accomplished through a four‐step approach. The first, a literature review, found common practices used to transport freight in and out of the state. Second, the research team collected data on the major commodities, industries, corridors, origins and destinations of the freight transportation industry in Kansas. The team also collected data on the weight and value of the shipments and the quantity by each mode (highway, rail, water, air). Third, the research team analyzed the data and developed the Kansas Freight Analysis Framework (KFAF), a commodity‐destination database that estimates tonnage and value of goods shipped by type of commodity and mode of transportation. Finally, the team determined if the framework reasonably represented the flow of freight transportation in Kansas and developed recommendations for implementation of this framework.
KW  - Commodities
KW  - Commodity flow
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Freight Analysis Framework
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Kansas
KW  - Kansas City (Kansas)
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - Transportation infrastructure
KW  - Transportation modes
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://tris.trb.org/common/TRIS%20Suite/includes/getfile.aspx?subdir=docs&nodl=1&f=Huan.DevelopmentOfFreightAnalysis.FED42880.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890259
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129911
AU  - Schwarz, Mary
AU  - Harrison, Ellen
AU  - Bonhotal, Jean
AU  - Cornell University
AU  - New York State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Pathogen Analysis of NYSDOT Road-Killed Deer Carcass Compost Facilities: Temperature and Pathogen Final Report
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 78p
AB  - Composting of deer carcasses was effective in reducing pathogen levels, decomposing the carcasses and producing a useable end product after 12 months. The composting process used in this project involved enveloping the carcasses of road-killed deer in woodchips and allowing those piles with natural air circulation to sit undisturbed. Temperatures were measured and samples from the piles were analyzed periodically for pathogens and for compost parameters. While significant pathogen reduction occurred in several months, it took 12 months for all of the measured pathogens to decline to low levels in all of the 6 piles studied. Samples taken at other sites in New York State that have been composting road-killed deer for over a year also had low pathogen content. The authors thus suggest a composting duration of 12 months before use. In the interest of being cautious, they also recommend that the end product be used in low public contact settings such as highway rights-of-way.
KW  - Carcasses
KW  - Compost
KW  - Deer
KW  - New York (State)
KW  - Pathogens
KW  - Road kill
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Time duration
UR  - http://books.google.com/books/about/Pathogen_Analysis_of_NYSDOT_Road_killed.html?id=K-B1QwAACAAJ
UR  - http://www.nysdot.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/C-04-01%20final%20report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890218
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01127170
AU  - Berning, A
AU  - Compton, R
AU  - Vegega, M
AU  - Beirness, D
AU  - Hedlund, J
AU  - Jones, R
AU  - Nichols, J
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Refusal of Intoxication Testing: A Report to Congress
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 28p
AB  - When a driver is stopped on suspicion of impaired driving, a series of steps takes place, including the request from a law enforcement officer for a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) test. The most typical request is for a breath sample, but blood or urine samples can be requested. In contrast to being stopped by an officer for other driving violations, the result of an impaired driving stop may dramatically impact a person’s life. The driver faces an arrest, possible jail time, expensive fines, increased insurance costs, loss of their driver’s license, and a criminal record. Thus, the driver’s decision whether to provide the breath test has serious consequences. This report discusses the important issue of breath test refusals. It begins with a short background on the impaired driving problem and the issue of missing BAC information for both drivers arrested for impaired driving and drivers involved in fatal or serious injury crashes. Next, various laws governing impaired driving and the role of BAC test information under those laws are reviewed. That is followed by a brief overview of the driving while intoxicated (DWI) arrest process to provide a foundation for the discussion of refusals. The results of several recent studies examining the breath test refusal issue, including breath test refusal rates in 2005, and a comparison to rates in 1987 and 2001 are presented; followed by the effect of refusals on prosecution and adjudication of DWI cases; next is a description of a promising strategy to decrease refusals – the use of search warrants for bloods draws. The report concludes with recommendations that would decrease the incidence of missing BAC data.
KW  - Adjudication
KW  - Alcohol blood tests
KW  - Alcohol breath tests
KW  - Alcohol test refusal
KW  - Arrests
KW  - Blood alcohol levels
KW  - Drunk driving
KW  - Impaired drivers
KW  - Implied consent laws
KW  - Laws
KW  - Missing data
KW  - Prosecution
KW  - Search warrants
UR  - http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/Articles/Associated%20Files/811098.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/887839
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01126421
AU  - Bullough, J D
AU  - Skinner, N P
AU  - Pysar, R M
AU  - Radetsky, L C
AU  - Smith, A M
AU  - Rea, M S
AU  - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Nighttime Glare and Driving Performance: Research Findings
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report (Task Order 1)
SP  - 118p
AB  - In 2001, NHTSA opened a public docket requesting comments from the public regarding headlamp glare. Most responses received have been complaints. NHTSA initiated research to address these complaints and to determine causes and effects of headlamp glare. In 2005, Congress authorized NHTSA to "conduct a study on the risks associated with glare to oncoming drivers, including increased risks to drivers on 2-lane highways, increased risks to drivers over the age of 50, and the overall effects of glare on driver performance" including "recommendations regarding measures to reduce the risks associated with glare to oncoming drivers." This report summarizes research on headlamp performance, visibility, glare, and safety conducted to address the issues identified by Congress and by NHTSA through review of public comments. These research activities included a state-of-knowledge report; a pilot study using naturalistic methods to assess relationships among glare, driving behavior and crash risk; analyses to compare the effects of headlamp characteristics on visibility and glare; preliminary assessments of headlamp illumination and aim on real-world lighting conditions; a review of visual needs regarding visibility and glare and metrics for characterizing them; a field experiment to characterize recovery of older drivers following exposure to headlamp illumination; and demonstration of a prototype safety-based adaptive forward-lighting system with potential to reduce glare while maintaining visibility, by decreasing intensity toward nearby drivers.
KW  - Adaptive lighting
KW  - Aged drivers
KW  - Crash risk forecasting
KW  - Driving
KW  - Glare
KW  - Headlamp aim
KW  - Headlamps
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Lighting
KW  - Luminous intensity
KW  - Night
KW  - Night visibility
KW  - Performance
KW  - Traffic crashes
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886701
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01126402
AU  - Bullough, John D
AU  - Skinner, Nicholas P
AU  - Akashi, Yukio
AU  - Van Derlofske, John
AU  - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Investigation of Safety-Based Advanced Forward-Lighting Concepts to Reduce Glare
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 82p
AB  - This two-part report addresses the feasibility of two approaches for using adaptive forward-lighting systems (AFS) to reduce headlamp glare under different conditions. AFS approaches involve dynamically changing headlamp beam patterns that respond in real time to different surrounding conditions such as roadway geometry, ambient lighting, or the presence of other drivers. In the first part, four field studies are described that investigated interactions between roadway lighting and vehicle headlamps, to determine whether dimming headlamps can be a suitable AFS strategy when roadway lighting is present. The studies found that glare impairs drivers’ forward visibility and produces feelings of discomfort, even when street lighting is present, and that in lighted areas, it is possible to dim headlamps (potentially via AFS), reducing glare to oncoming and preceding drivers, without significantly impairing drivers’ performance with respect to detection distance. In the second part, another AFS approach was investigated. This approach involved use of a "prime beam" optimized for forward visibility as the main beam pattern, subtracting portions of light when needed to reduce glare to oncoming or preceding drivers. A prototype system using a prime beam was developed, evaluated for visibility and glare in field tests in comparison with conventional low and high beam patterns, and demonstrated on a moving vehicle. The prime beam approach appears to be a promising one to ensure adequate forward visibility under a wide range of conditions while controlling glare to other drivers, and for studying characteristics of lighting as they pertain to visual performance and safety.
KW  - Advanced headlamps
KW  - Glare
KW  - Headlamps
KW  - High beamed headlamps
KW  - Low beamed headlamps
KW  - Street lighting
KW  - Visibility
KW  - Visibility distance
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886699
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124972
AU  - Kelley-Baker, Tara
AU  - Brainard, Katharine
AU  - Lacey, John H
AU  - Vishnuvajjala, Radha
AU  - Cobb, Patrice
AU  - Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Implementing a Citizen’s DWI Reporting Program Using the "Extra Eyes" Model
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 148p
AB  - This manual is a guide for law enforcement agencies and community organizations in creating and implementing a citizen’s Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) reporting program in their communities modeling the "Operation Extra Eyes" program. "Extra Eyes" is a program that engages volunteers in identifying impaired drivers on community roadways. This manual is a quick reference for organizing and managing this volunteer program. It provides easy-to-read information on topics such as recruiting volunteers, interviewing volunteers, risk management, networking, community involvement, and leadership. A citizen’s DWI reporting program like "Extra Eyes" is a valuable tool for bringing together citizens and law enforcement in a community. Working together toward a common goal—reducing impaired driving and the associated costs—can be an effective way to generate support among community members. Though not a quick or simple process, the program is a good investment in a community’s future. The key to success is the interaction between volunteers and police officers. Involving citizens and students in the process garners community support and promotes a better understanding of law enforcement officers and the problems they face. Additionally, law enforcement officers strengthen their relationships with citizens and students in the community, which enables them to provide better service.
KW  - Drunk driving
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Impaired drivers
KW  - Manuals
KW  - Public participation
KW  - Safety programs
KW  - Traffic law enforcement
KW  - Volunteers
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30500/30534/811038.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886171
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124967
AU  - Aziz, Nadim M
AU  - Powell, David N
AU  - Khan, Abdul A
AU  - Clemson University
AU  - South Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Dimensionless Rainfall Patterns for the Design of Hydraulic Structures
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report Supplement 2
SP  - 100p
AB  - The current Soil Conservation Service (SCS) dimensionless rainfall distribution patterns (Type I, IA, II, and III) are thought to be unsatisfactory for design purposes and are in need of replacement.  This research study was commissioned by the South Carolina Department of Transportation to provide the state of South Carolina with new dimensionless design rainfall patterns (hyetographs).  Previously used methods of separating a raw rainfall event out of the continuous dataset were evaluated and applied to data from South Carolina.  Data from multiple sources were gathered to find the longest, most complete record length.  One private data source was eventually selected to be used.  The stations on the provided CD had records dating back as far as 1971, but all records were converted into a standard format that would be easy for a computer to analyze.  Error codes were noted, but no method of correcting the data was employed.  Erroneous records were excluded from analysis.  The selected rainfall event separation method adopted in this study is a modification of an existing method.  These events were combined to create representative time-duration patterns for the most extreme events.  These representative events are valid for specified durations.  The results of this research show that in South Carolina, events of duration less than 8 hours had similar time-distribution patterns, and events longer than 10 hours had their own similar patterns.  These patterns had less intense peaks than the current SCS Types II and III patterns that are applicable to South Carolina, but the peak was spread over a longer time period.  These new patterns for South Carolina were used to evaluate the response of hydraulic structures to rainfall events.  In particular, basin rainfall-runoff and detention pond performance were evaluated.  The South Carolina patterns provided hydrographs with lower peak flows and a lower peak stage for detention pond storage, suggesting that smaller detention ponds can be used.
KW  - Design
KW  - Detention basins
KW  - Hydraulic structures
KW  - Hydrographs
KW  - Hyetographs
KW  - Rainfall
KW  - Rainfall distribution patterns
KW  - Runoff
KW  - South Carolina
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886130
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124966
AU  - Aziz, Nadim M
AU  - Raiford, John P
AU  - Khan, Abdul A
AU  - Clemson University
AU  - South Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Rainfall Depth-Duration-Frequency Relationships for SC
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report Supplement 1
SP  - 146p
AB  - In order to design safe and cost efficient structures to deal with excess rainfall, engineers must have some way to quantify the risk involved.  An Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationship provides this quantification of risk.  IDF relationships are exceedence probabilities based on past rainfall.  This study focuses on updating these relationships for the state of South Carolina, using sites in North Carolina and Georgia to ensure continuity and smoothness near the state boundaries.  For this research, rainfall data were collected from a period of 1986 to 2004.  Three types of rainfall data were used.  The first type was daily data, from gauging stations that record once every 24 hours.  These data had the longest record and were the most readily available.  The second type of data was hourly data, from gauging stations that record once every hour.  The third type of data was 15-minute data, from stations that record every 15 minutes.  Fifteen-minute data had the shortest record and the least availability of the three data types.  After collection, the data were screened for errors and formatted to allow for easy manipulation.  The data were then aggregated at each station to obtain depth values for durations encompassing 15 minutes to 120 hours.  The maximum aggregated value of each gauging station was then obtained for each year and duration.  Outliers were removed from the data, and the maximum series were fit to five probability distributions, the normal, lognormal, generalized extreme value, log Pearson type III, and the Pearson type III distributions.  The fits were evaluated with the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test and the best-fit distribution was used to extract intensity values at each site for each duration and return period.  The intensity values were then spatially analyzed on a 0.5 latitude by 0.5 longitude grid to generate 85 isopluvial maps.  The intensity values were then regressed against their frequency and duration to produce IDF curves at each grid point.  When compared to existing curves in major cities throughout the study area, the results of this study showed good agreement with the existing IDF curves when the outliers were not removed.  A better agreement was obtained when utilizing the same rainfall record (without outliers removed) as that used for developing the existing curves.  Even with these agreements with existing curves the shape of the IDF curves showed slight variations especially for high duration.
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Intensity-duration-frequency curves
KW  - Maps
KW  - Rainfall
KW  - South Carolina
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886125
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124328
AU  - Ripplinger, David
AU  - Beck, Natalie
AU  - Hough, Jill Annette
AU  - Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute
AU  - Federal Transit Administration
TI  - Urban-Rural Classification: Identifying a System Suitable for Transit
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 38p
AB  - A geographic classification system to guide transit policy in small urban and rural areas does not exist, nor does a classification system of rural transit services. As the need and resources available for small urban and rural transit services are increasing, these deficiencies are becoming ever more significant. The general case, where program development and resource allocation depends on appropriate classification, appears to apply to small urban and rural transit policy. In this paper existing urban-rural classifications are evaluated to determine their ability to appropriately delineate differences among geographic areas as they relate to personal mobility need and transportation service availability with emphasis placed on the definitional boundary between urban, small urban, and rural areas. In the absence of a suitable existing classification system, a new system is constructed, applied, and evaluated.
KW  - Population density
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Resource allocation
KW  - Rural areas
KW  - Rural transit
KW  - Small cities
KW  - Small towns
KW  - Transportation policy
UR  - http://www.ugpti.org/pubs/pdf/DP207.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/885728
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122737
AU  - Federal Transit Administration
TI  - 2007 Statistical Summaries: Federal Transit Administration Grant Assistance Programs
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - n.p.
AB  - This report provides information about the Federal Transit Administration's (FTA) major financial aid programs for Federal Fiscal Year (FY) 2007.  The report covers the following programs: Urbanized Area Formula, Non-urbanized Area Formula, Rural Transit Assistance Program, Special Needs for Elderly Individuals and Individuals with Disabilities, Capital, Interstate Substitution, Job Access and Reverse Commute, New Freedom, Over-the-Road Bus, Clean Fuels, Metropolitan Transportation Planning, Statewide Transportation Planning, Consolidated Planning Grants, Emergency Supplemental funding, and State Infrastructure Banks. The data used in this report are compiled from the capital, operating, and planning assistance grants to transit authorities, states, planning agencies, and other units of local government and eligible recipients.
KW  - Federal assistance programs
KW  - Financing
KW  - Grant aid
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Statistics
KW  - U.S. Federal Transit Administration
UR  - http://www.fta.dot.gov/funding/data/grants_financing_8542.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884279
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122623
AU  - Gibbs, Margaret
AU  - Zein, Sany R
AU  - Nabors, Dan
AU  - Opus Hamilton Consultants, Limited
AU  - Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Tribal Road Safety Audits: Case Studies
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 52p
AB  - Road Safety Audits (RSAs) are an effective tool for proactively improving the future safety performance of a road project during the planning and design stages, and for identifying safety issues in existing transportation facilities.  To demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of RSAs for tribal road agencies, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Safety and Office of Federal Lands sponsored a series of four tribal RSAs.  The results of the tribal RSAs have been compiled in this case studies document.  Each case study includes photographs, a project description, a summary of key findings, and the lessons learned.  The aim of this document is to provide tribal governments with examples and advice that can assist them in implementing RSAs in their own jurisdictions.
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Highway projects
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Lessons learned
KW  - Safety audits
KW  - Tribal government
UR  - http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/rsa/tribal_rsa_studies/tribal_rsa_studies.pdf
UR  - http://www.ttap.mtu.edu/publications/2008/TribalRoadSafetyAudits-CaseStudies.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884282
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121988
AU  - Gleason, Rebecca
AU  - Western Transportation Institute
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Guide to Promoting Bicycling on Federal Lands
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 212p
AB  - Federal lands, including units of the National Park Service, National Forests, National Wildlife Refuges, and Bureau of Land Management lands are at a critical juncture. Increasing numbers of automobiles in some areas have led to congestion, poor air quality, damage to natural resources, and degraded visitor experience. At the same time, growth in the number of bicyclists on some of the most scenic roadways has led to motorist– bicyclist conflicts and concern for everyone’s safety. Increased fuel costs and climate change have spawned efforts to reduce fuel consumption and minimize the "carbon footprint" of Federal land agencies. Sixty-one percent of adults in the United States are overweight or obese and childhood obesity rates are soaring. Bicycling networks are one part of the solution to these issues. This report provides guidance to Federal land managers on how to promote bicycling. Bicycling facilities are important transportation and recreation links to connect gateway communities, visitor centers, campgrounds, trailheads, and other attractions on Federal lands. This report presents benefits of bicycling, successful bicycling programs, policies that support bicycling, issues and challenges faced by land managers, and useful resources available to help meet these challenges. Bicycle transportation networks have significant positive impacts for the environment, health and visitor experience on Federal lands. Federal land managers have the opportunity to serve as positive national role models by mainstreaming bicycling to create sustainable transportation networks.
KW  - Benefits
KW  - Bicycle facilities
KW  - Bicycle travel
KW  - Bicycling
KW  - Federal lands
KW  - Policy
KW  - Promotion
UR  - http://www.americantrails.org/resources/fedland/fedbikestrategy08.html
UR  - http://www.cflhd.gov/programs/techDevelopment/bikes/documents/01_promoting_bicycling_entire_document.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/55000/55700/55714/01_PROMOTING_BICYCLING.PDF
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884003
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121730
AU  - Voas, Robert B
AU  - McKnight, A Scott
AU  - Falb, Tim
AU  - Fell, James C
AU  - Stewart, Kathryn
AU  - Sweedler, Barry M
AU  - Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Update of Vehicle Sanction Laws and Their Application: Volume I – Summary
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 66p
AB  - Because of the substantial number of driving while intoxicated (DWI) offenders driving illegally with suspended licenses and the limited enforcement resources available to deal with the problem, many States and the Federal government have begun to enact legislation directed at the vehicles owned by offenders to limit their illicit driving. Such policies fall into three broad categories: (1) programs that require special plates on the vehicles of DWI offenders and/or confiscate the vehicle plates and vehicle registration; (2) devices installed in the vehicle that prevent its operation if the driver has been drinking (alcohol ignition interlock); and (3) programs that impound, immobilize, confiscate or forfeit the vehicle. This study updates as of the end of 2004 a 1992 NHTSA study of vehicle sanctions. The 1992 study reported that 32 States had laws providing for various vehicle sanctions; however, in most of these States these sanctions were rarely used. This current study updates that effort with a contemporary overview of vehicle sanction laws and their application as of December 2004. It goes beyond the earlier study by reporting on information from other countries, incorporating a review of ignition interlock devices (not considered in the earlier study) and providing a more recent list of vehicle sanctions on a State-by-State basis. This report, compared to the 1992 report, identified 131 pieces of legislation with all 50 States having at least one vehicle sanction law in 2004. Although it was difficult to obtain quantitative information on the application of vehicle sanctions, it was documented that at least 51 of the 131 laws are used regularly. Alcohol ignition interlock laws were enacted most often in the States (43), followed by vehicle forfeiture laws (31). Half of the States (25) reported having alcohol ignition interlock laws that were actively being applied on at least some of the eligible offenders. There are a number of barriers to the implementation of vehicle sanctions. These are discussed along with suggestions for improvements in their application. This is Volume I of a two-volume report: Volume I synthesizes and summarizes the findings; whereas Volume II describes vehicle sanctions status for each State as of the end of 2004.
KW  - Alcohol ignition interlock devices
KW  - Confiscation
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Driver licenses
KW  - Drunk drivers
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Laws
KW  - License plates
KW  - Motor vehicles
KW  - Revocation
KW  - Sanctions
KW  - Suspensions
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Vehicle forfeiture
KW  - Vehicle immobilization
KW  - Vehicle impoundment
UR  - http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/Articles/Associated%20Files/811028a.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/883644
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121708
AU  - Hughes, Warren
AU  - Jagannathan, Ram
AU  - Gross, Frank
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Incorporated
TI  - Two Low-Cost Safety Concepts for Two-Way STOP-Controlled, Rural Intersections on High-Speed Two-Lane, Two-Way Roadways
PY  - 2008/09//Summary Report
SP  - 24p
AB  - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Safety has identified intersections as one of its safety focus areas. As part of the FHWA efforts to reduce intersection crashes and the related injuries and fatalities, two concepts have been identified: (1) rumble strips on outside shoulders and in a painted yellow median island on major road approaches and (2) channelizing separator islands on side road approaches with supplemental STOP signs. Specifically, the strategies are low-cost countermeasures for intersections at two-lane, two-way roadways with two-way STOP-control (TWSC). The lane narrowing concept (concept 1) features the introduction of rumble strips on the outside shoulders and in a painted yellow median island on the major road approaches.The objective of this first concept is to induce drivers on major roads to reduce approach speeds at intersections by effectively reducing the lane width. The minor road splitter island concept (concept 2) features channelizing separator islands on the side road approaches on which supplemental STOP signs are installed. The objective of the second concept is to provide redundancy of the STOP sign and increase driver-compliance with the STOP sign. A third concept includes the combination of concepts 1 and 2. The concepts have greater potential for effectiveness on intersections of high-speed roadways. However, they can also be applied to intersections with lower posted speed limits. With the cooperation of several transportation agencies, these two strategies were deployed at a limited number of sites in the United States. This paper documents an evaluation of the operational and safety effectiveness of these strategies. The general conclusion from this research is that positive operational and safety effects can be expected with the installation of concepts 1 and 2. The lane narrowing concept is shown to significantly reduce speeds on the major road approaches at rural, two-lane, TWSC intersections. The results are consistent across sites, which are combined in the main analysis. The minor road splitter island concept is shown to improve driver compliance as well as reduce speeds on the minor approaches at rural, two-lane, TWSC intersections. While the results for the minor road splitter island concept are based on just one site, the initial indications are promising. Based on the limited after period, there appears to be a general reduction in crashes associated with the implementation of concepts 1 and 2.
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - High speed roads
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Intersections
KW  - Low cost
KW  - Rumble strips
KW  - Rural highways
KW  - Speed
KW  - Stop signs
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Two lane highways
KW  - Two way traffic
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/08063/index.cfm
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30767/08063.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/883643
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121707
AU  - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Technology Applications for Traffic Safety Programs: A Primer
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 56p
AB  - This document explores how emerging digital and communications technology can advance safety on the Nation’s highways. The range of technology described in this report is available or will be available in the near future to improve traffic safety. As new traffic safety applications become widespread and implementation costs decrease, there could be a network of advanced systems that improve traffic safety by providing information and services to drivers, traffic operations agencies, emergency services personnel, and law enforcement professionals. Discussions in this report include a general overview of traffic safety technology; the use of technology to reach traffic safety goals using the framework of the “Four E’s” of engineering, enforcement, education, and EMS; and the technical and non-technical challenges for these technology applications.
KW  - Communications
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Driver information systems
KW  - Emergency medical services
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Safety engineering
KW  - Safety programs
KW  - Technology
KW  - Traffic law enforcement
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Traffic safety education
UR  - http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/portal/nhtsa_static_file_downloader.jsp?file=/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/Articles/Associated%20Files/811040.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30400/30469/811040.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/883645
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01120271
AU  - Bagot, K
AU  - Kalberer, J L
AU  - McDonald, M
AU  - Air Force Research Laboratory
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - Test and Evaluation of Rear-Wheel Steering for Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Vehicles
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 26p
AB  - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has an ongoing research program to evaluate new technologies for increasing postcrash fire survivability on aircraft and to determine methods to increase the performance capabilities of aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) vehicles. A rear-wheel steering (RWS) system was developed to increase the operational performance characteristics of ARFF vehicles in terms of improving vehicle maneuverability, narrowing the turning diameter, and reducing drag on the tires, which should therefore improve tire life. The objective of this effort was to evaluate the performance of the FAA 6x6 ARFF research vehicle with and without the RWS system. The performance was measured in terms of changes in turning diameter, tire deflection, tread wear, and actual tire life data from U.S. airports operating 6x6 ARFF vehicles.
KW  - Air transportation crashes
KW  - Aircraft
KW  - Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting
KW  - Fire fighting equipment
KW  - Rear wheel drive
KW  - Research
KW  - Steering systems
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Tire treads
KW  - Tires
KW  - Turning (Aircraft pilotage)
UR  - http://www.airtech.tc.faa.gov/safety/downloads/TN08-43_RWS.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/880370
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01120267
AU  - Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Railroad Administration
TI  - Root Causes of Amtrak Train Delays
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 659
AB  - On September 8, 2008, the analysis of the root causes of delays to Amtrak trains operating outside the Northeast Corridor (NEC) was issued. The objectives of the audit were to: (1) identify the root causes of delays for Amtrak trains operating outside the NEC, (2) assess whether Amtraks passenger trains have been granted preference over freight trains as prescribed by law, (3) identify practices in dispatching trains that influence delays, and (4) evaluate whether delays in maintaining track have impacted Amtrak train delays. We found several root causes of Amtrak train delays, including; (1) host railroad dispatching practices, some of which result in preference violations; (2) track maintenance practices and the resulting speed restrictions; (3) insufficient track capacity; and (4) external factors beyond the host railroads control. We also identified host railroad dispatching practices that violate Amtraks preference rights. However, disagreements between Amtrak and the host railroads, both on how to measure delays and how to define Amtraks right to preference in the use of rail infrastructure, make measuring violations of preference and allocating the exact causes of delay difficult. The recommendations to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) focused on (1) legislative changes to clarify Amtraks preference rights and enhanced enforcement of those rights; (2) increased involvement and oversight by the FRA to facilitate cooperative planning between Amtrak and the host railroads to reduce delays and improve Amtraks on time performance (OTP) and; (3) expanded funding for rail capacity projects.
KW  - Amtrak
KW  - Delays
KW  - Freight trains
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Maintenance of way
KW  - Railroad transportation
KW  - Root cause analysis
KW  - Trackage rights
KW  - Train delays
UR  - http://www.oig.dot.gov/sites/dot/files/pdfdocs/Amtrak_Root_Causes_Final_Report_9_8_08_with_508_charts.pdf
UR  - http://www.oig.dot.gov/sites/dot/files/pdfdocs/Amtrak_Root_Causes_Final_Report_9_8_08_with_508_charts.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/880369
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118660
AU  - Jarossi, Linda
AU  - Blower, Daniel
AU  - Hershberger, Daniel
AU  - Woodrooffe, John
AU  - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
AU  - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
TI  - Buses Involved in Fatal Accidents Codebook 2006
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 126p
AB  - This report provides documentation for UMTRI’s file of Buses Involved in Fatal Accidents (BIFA), 2006, including distributions of the code values for each variable in the file. The 2006 BIFA file is a census of all buses involved in a fatal accident in the United States. The BIFA database provides coverage of buses recorded in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) file. BIFA combines vehicle, accident, and occupant records from FARS with information about the physical configuration and operating authority of the bus from the BIFA survey.
KW  - Bus crashes
KW  - Buses
KW  - Coding systems
KW  - Computer program documentation
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - Fatality Analysis Reporting System
KW  - United States
UR  - http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61185/1/96235%20A08.pdf
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/61185
UR  - http://www.umtri.umich.edu/content/BIFA2006Codebook.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878255
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118152
AU  - Lee, Richard W
AU  - Gosling, Geoffrey D
AU  - Irvin, Katja
AU  - Bossard, Earl G
AU  - San Jose State University
AU  - California Department of Transportation
AU  - University Transportation Centers Program
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Applying Smart Growth Principles and Strategies to Resolving Land Use Conflicts Around Airports
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 468p
AB  - This report presents the results of a research project which examined how the principles and strategies of smart growth have been applied  in land use planning around airports in California. The research also studied the effectiveness of existing airport land use compatibility planning in the state from the perspective of smart growth and how applying smart growth principles and strategies might reduce the potential for conflicts around airports. The study included a literature review and interviews with airport and planning agency staff and others involved in airport land use planning decisions. In addition, 14 case studies of California airports were conducted.
KW  - Airport facilities
KW  - Airport planning
KW  - Airports
KW  - California
KW  - Land use
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Smart growth
KW  - Sustainable development
UR  - http://www.dot.ca.gov/newtech/researchreports/reports/2008/airport_and_smart_growth.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/876467
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118111
AU  - Maccubbin, Robert P
AU  - Staples, Barbara L
AU  - Kabir, Firoz
AU  - Lowrance, Cheryl F
AU  - Mercer, Michael R
AU  - Philips, Brian H
AU  - Gordon, Stephen R
AU  - Noblis
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - ITS Benefits, Costs, Deployment, and Lessons Learned: 2008 Update
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - v.p.
AB  - Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) provide a proven set of strategies for addressing the challenges of assuring safety and reducing congestion, while accommodating the growth in transit ridership and freight movement. This report presents information on the performance of deployed ITS under each of these goal areas, as well as information on the costs, deployment levels, and lessons learned regarding ITS deployment and operations. The report, and the collection of four Web-based resources upon which it is based, have been developed by the U.S. DOT’s ITS Joint Program Office (JPO) to support informed decision making regarding ITS deployment. This report discusses 17 different areas of ITS application. These chapters are divided into two sections discussing technologies deployed on the transportation infrastructure and those deployed within vehicles. The 14 different infrastructure applications discussed can be grouped into ITS strategies applied to roadways, transit, management and operations of transportation systems, and freight movement. Lessons learned during ITS planning implementation and deployment, are highlighted throughout the report and in a chapter following the review of ITS applications.
KW  - Benefits
KW  - Costs
KW  - Deployment
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Highway travel
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Lessons learned
KW  - Operations
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Technology
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30400/30466/14412.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/876639
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118058
AU  - Hsu, Chengmin
AU  - Johnson, Lynn
AU  - University of Colorado, Denver
AU  - Colorado Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Multi-Criteria Wetlands Mapping Using an Integrated Pixel-Based and Object-Based Classification Approach
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 50p
AB  - The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) has the challenging task of protecting the environment while developing and maintaining the best transportation systems and services possible for the citizens of Colorado. Among these tasks, a wetland inventory database is a key component required to meet the environmental protection mandate. The subject research project is directed to developing a semi-automated method to identify and classify inland wetlands in the northern Front Range area of Colorado. A goal of the project is to produce a database that accurately records wetland locations based on the classification system that is commonly used by many organizations and institutions. The methodology is based on satellite imagery, high resolution aerial photos, and digital elevation model data in conjunction with field global positioning system data collections. Satellite imagery being used includes moderate resolution LANDSAT 7 ETM+, Terra ASTER, and EO-1 Hyperion/ALI. The aerial photography is from the National Agriculture Imagery Program and is mainly used for validation and sample collection purposes. The EO-1 imagery has high spectral resolution and is used to develop a wetlands spectrum signature library which is then used to observe the correlations between EO-1 and LANDSAT 7 and ASTER image bands. The image processing approach being applied uses both pixel-based and object-based classification techniques; the object-based technique accounts for the pattern of neighboring pixels and wetland boundary shapes. The variables generated for object-based classification algorithm are extracted from multi-spectral imagery and include image texture, wetland shapes, greenness, wetness, brightness, normalized difference vegetation index, principal components, stream networks, biological soil crust index, and land thermal fluctuation. In the final stage, these variables are incorporated into a hierarchical rule creation for facilitating the wetland classification operation. To complete the tasks, the software used include ArcGIS®, ENVI®, DEFINIENS® Professional. Results of the research indicate a high correspondence with wetlands mapped by field biologists and identification of additional wetlands not previously recognized.
KW  - Aerial photography
KW  - Databases
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - Hydrologic analyses
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Inventory
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Wetlands
UR  - http://www.dot.state.co.us/Publications/PDFFiles/WetlandMapping.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875814
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115522
AU  - Bischoff, Debra L
AU  - Wisconsin Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Investigative Study of the Italgrip™ System
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 39p
AB  - A research study was conducted by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) to evaluate the performance of the Italgrip™ System, an ultrathin polymer concrete pavement surface treatment designed to improve the frictional characteristics of a pavement. In 1999, Italgrip™ was installed at five locations in two different counties (La Crosse and Waukesha) in Wisconsin. The overall performance of the Italgrip™ System was evaluated based on five main parameters: freeze-thaw durability, frictional charcteristics, accident statistics, noise characteristics, and visual inspections (in-situ performance). The results of the research revealed that the Italgrip™ System showed good durability and held up well to the freeze-thaw testing. The friction number of the pavement surfaces improved considerably directly after placement of Italgrip™. After five years in service, the friction numbers decreased but were still considerably higher than before the Italgrip™ was placed. The Italgrip™ System also significantly reduced the number of accidents/incidents at all of the sites. Noise testing revealed that the Italgrip™ System reduced noise levels an additional one-decibel when compared to the ground concrete pavement. Annual visual inspections showed that there was progressive aggregate surface loss at the sites due to traffic and snowplow blades. The cost of the product was within the price range of comparable products in the market. Based on the results of the study, the Italgrip™ System is recommended to be considered for short sections of roadways with high accident rates where pavement characteristics impacting friction, especially under wet or icy conditions, may be a factor.
KW  - Costs
KW  - Freeze thaw durability
KW  - Friction
KW  - Friction course
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Polymer concrete
KW  - Skid resistance
KW  - Surface treating
KW  - Tire/pavement noise
KW  - Wear
KW  - Wisconsin
UR  - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/wi-04-08italgrip.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875434
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115490
AU  - Maccubbin, Robert P
AU  - Staples, Barbara L
AU  - Kabir, Firoz
AU  - Lowrance, Cheryl F
AU  - Mercer, Michael R
AU  - Philips, Brian H
AU  - Gordon, Stephen R
AU  - Noblis
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
AU  - Department of Transportation
TI  - Intelligent Transportation Systems Benefits, Costs, Deployment, and Lessons Learned: 2008 Update
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - n.p.
AB  - Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) provide a proven set of strategies for addressing the challenges of assuring safety and reducing congestion, while accommodating the growth in transit ridership and freight movement. This report presents information on the performance of deployed ITS under each of these goal areas, as well as information on the costs, deployment levels, and lessons learned regarding ITS deployment and operations. The report, and the collection of four Web-based resources upon which it is based, have been developed by the U.S. DOT’s ITS Joint Program Office (JPO) to support informed decision making regarding ITS deployment. This report discusses 17 different areas of ITS application. These chapters are divided into two sections discussing technologies deployed on the transportation infrastructure and those deployed within vehicles. The 14 different infrastructure applications discussed can be grouped into ITS strategies applied to roadways, transit, management and operations of transportation systems, and freight movement. Lessons learned during ITS planning implementation and deployment, are highlighted throughout the report and in a chapter following the review of ITS applications.
KW  - Benefits
KW  - Costs
KW  - Deployment
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Lessons learned
KW  - Technology
KW  - Vehicles
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30400/30466/14412.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874811
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115475
AU  - Prinzo, O Veronika
AU  - Campbell, Alan
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - U.S. Airline Transport Pilot International Flight Language Experiences, Report 1: Background Information and General/Pre-Flight Preparation
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 66p
AB  - In 1998, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) took a heightened interest in the role of language in airline accidents. Its Air Navigation Commission was directed to complete the task of strengthening relevant ICAO provisions concerning language requirements. Member states agreed to take steps to ensure air traffic control (ATC) personnel and flight crews involved in flight operations in airspace where the use of the English language is required were proficient in conducting and comprehending radiotelephony communications in English. Since then, ICAO developed its English Language Proficiency (ELP) requirements and urged its Members to document their ELP test implementation plans by March 8, 2008. Until all ATC personnel and flight crews involved in flight operations obtain a passing level of ELP, the language-based problems international pilots face is not known. This report is a compilation of written responses and comments by a small focus group of 48 U.S. pilots of their difficulties in international operations. The focus group consisted of 12 international U.S. pilots from American, Continental, Delta, and United Airlines. Each focus group met with two interviewers to discuss their language experiences flying into countries where English may or may not be the local or national language among its radio operators, controllers, and pilots. In this report, the pilots’ responses to 23 of the 64 multi-part questions and their comments from discussions of those questions with interviewers are presented as a compiled narrative. The pilots’ responses had six major thrusts: (1) Cultural differences exert an important, nearly undetectable influence on international aviation; (2) English language proficiency is deficient and hampers effective communication; (3) Party-line (single-frequency) communications in English facilitate situational awareness. When mixed languages are on frequency, party-line communications pose a safety concern and impede situational awareness; (4) Pronunciation and naming conventions for locations and other identifiers lack a uniform pronunciation, and 3- or 5-letter identifiers may not be connected with the pronunciation; (5) There is no uniform agreement as to what standard phraseology is or should be; and (6) Technological advancements such as datalink may help solve some of the language problems.
KW  - Air traffic controllers
KW  - Airline pilots
KW  - Communication
KW  - Culture (Social sciences)
KW  - English language
KW  - International Civil Aviation Organization
KW  - Language
KW  - Proficiency
KW  - Standards
UR  - http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/faa-aviation-medicine-reports/AM08-19.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873912
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115467
AU  - Corbett, Cynthia L
AU  - McLean, Garnet A
AU  - Cosper, Donna K
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
AU  - Cherokee Nation Distributors
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
TI  - Effective Presentation Media for Passenger Safety I: Comprehension of Briefing Card Pictorials and Pictograms
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 58p
AB  - Federal regulations require airlines to provide safety briefings and briefing cards to inform passengers of routine and emergency safety procedures onboard transport airplanes. The exact content and presentation media used for safety briefings and cards are the responsibility of the airlines to implement, as long as the required minimum safety information is delivered. Consequently, passenger safety briefings and briefing cards vary greatly, and passenger attention to such briefings has been poor at best. Studies have shown that typical passengers, even those who report that they pay attention to passenger safety briefings and briefing cards, have little personal knowledge and understanding of the information they have been given to improve their chances of survival. One strategy to increase safety knowledge among passengers is to improve the comprehensibility and appeal of safety briefings and briefing cards. The present study was intended to address the current state of the art for airline safety briefing cards and was motivated, in part, by National Transportation Safety Board recommendations and research results demonstrating that passenger attention to safety information is waning. Pictorials and pictograms, selected from safety briefing cards currently used by airlines, and graphical symbols, approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and commonly found in buildings or other modes of transportation, were presented in open-ended-question format. The 785 participants were recruited from high schools, public and federal offices, cabin safety workshops at the FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, and the SAE International Cabin Safety Provisions Committee, S-9. Responses were categorized, based on correctness, and then transformed, using a weighting algorithm, to yield comprehension scores for each pictorial/pictogram. The scores ranged from 28.8% to 96.3%, with a mean comprehension of 65%. Only 45.8% of the scores exceeded the International Organization for Standards (67%) acceptance criterion, and only 8.3% exceeded the ANSI (85%) acceptance criterion. Comprehension scores for the ANSI symbols ranged from 40.5% to 97.6%, for an average “symbol literacy index” of 75%. Comprehension of pictorials/pictograms was related to the familiarity that cabin safety professionals and high flight-time passengers have with safety briefings and briefing cards. Results indicate that safety briefing card pictorials/pictograms need to be designed and implemented with respect to novice passengers who do not have a prepotent understanding of the design and operation of transport aircraft, emergency equipment, and/or aircraft emergency procedures. Furthermore, textual clarifications to make safety information more meaningful could be expected to improve passenger attention to briefing cards.
KW  - Airlines
KW  - Aviation safety
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Information presentation
KW  - Passengers
KW  - Pictograms
KW  - Presentation format
KW  - Safety education
UR  - http://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/2000s/media/200820.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875132
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115437
AU  - Department of Transportation
TI  - Mobility Services for All Americans (MSAA) Initiative: Stakeholder Outreach Plan, Version 1.0
PY  - 2008/09//Version 1.0
SP  - 47p
AB  - The Mobility Services for All Americans (MSAA) initiative is a U.S. Department of Transportation’s (USDOT) Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) research initiative. Currently most human service transportation provisions are tied to specific programs, and are available only to specific population groups. This has created a complex, duplicative and inefficient web of transportation services. The MSAA initiative aims to bring all users, service providers and funding institutions together in a coordinated effort, and introduce technological solutions to simplify access and improve cost-effectiveness of human service transportation. The goal of this initiative is to establish scalable and replicable models of ITS-enhanced human service transportation systems that provide efficient, accessible, and quality transportation services to all, by integrating the transportation disadvantaged community and the general public. This Mobility Services for All Americans (MSAA) Stakeholder Outreach Plan is a key element of the MSAA initiative. The Plan directly supports the USDOT’s effort in stakeholder outreach and knowledge transfer with respect to enhancing human service transportation (HST) utilizing ITS. The goals of the MSAA Stakeholder Outreach Plan are three-fold: The first goal is to provide direct input and guidance to the USDOT in terms of planning, programming, execution, monitoring and controlling of an effective MSAA stakeholders’ outreach program. The second goal is to provide a common platform of stakeholder outreach through which stakeholder outreach efforts are coordinated, leveraged and built upon each other’s efforts across different institutions, communities and professions. The last goal of this outreach plan is to facilitate a sustaining stakeholder outreach process for continuing impacts.
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Programming (Planning)
KW  - Transportation disadvantaged persons
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874555
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115371
AU  - Hallenbeck, Mark E
AU  - Davis, Katherine D
AU  - Washington State Transportation Center
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Engineering Treatments and Pedestrian and Motorist Behavior on Major Arterials in Washington State
PY  - 2008/09//Research Report
SP  - 225p
AB  - This report examines pedestrian and motorist behavior on arterials in Washington State and determines how, if at all, these behaviors change when various engineering treatments are applied. The treatments that were examined included crosswalk markings, raised medians, in-pavement flashers, signage, stop bars, overhead lighting, and sidewalks. The relationships between pedestrian travel and transit use, origin-destination patterns, traffic signals, and schools were also explored. The study examined seven locations in the state of Washington. These were State Route (SR) 7 at South 180th Street in Spanaway, SR 99 at South 152nd Street in Shoreline, SR 99 at South 240th Street in Kent, SR 2 between South Lundstrom and King Streets in Airway Heights, SR 2 at Lacrosse Street in Spokane, SR 2 at Rowan Avenue in Spokane, and SR 2 at Wellesley Avenue in Spokane. Because pedestrian-vehicle collisions are rare when specific locations are studied, other criteria were used to evaluate the conditions and behaviors that were present. These included "conflicts" such as running behavior, motorists having to brake unexpectedly to avoid a pedestrian, pedestrians waiting in the center lane to cross, and more. These unreported, but very common, occurrences enabled the researchers to gain a better understanding of both pedestrian and motorist concerns and behaviors and the effects that improvements might have. The study concludes that the causes of conflicts are highly varied: ignorance of or noncompliance with the law (by the motorist or the pedestrian), inattention, vehicles following too closely, impatience, anxiety in attempting to catch a bus, use or non-use of pedestrian facilities, placement of features in the built environment, and more. While pedestrian/motorist interaction improves with improved visibility (something which can be obtained through better engineering design and the removal of visual clutter) better education and/or enforcement will also be needed to achieve significant safety benefits.
KW  - Arterial highways
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Drivers
KW  - Engineering
KW  - Pedestrians
KW  - Safety
KW  - Washington (State)
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/707.1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30785/707.1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874889
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115365
AU  - Schlorholtz, Scott
AU  - Hooton, R Doug
AU  - Iowa State University, Ames
AU  - Iowa Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Deicer Scaling Resistance of Concrete Pavements, Bridge Decks, and Other Structures Containing Slag Cement. Phase 1: Site Selection and Analysis of Field Cores
PY  - 2008/09//Interim Report
SP  - 122p
AB  - The initial phase of this project was conducted to determine whether adding slag cement to concrete mixtures increases the surface scaling caused by the routine application of deicer salt. A total of 28 field sites that included portland cement concrete pavements and bridge decks containing slag cement were evaluated. Laboratory testing was conducted on 6 inch diameter core samples extracted from 12 field sites and 3 subsites, including 6 pavement sites and 6 bridge decks. The laboratory testing program consisted of scaling tests, rapid chloride permeability tests, surface chloride profile tests, and petrographic examination. The results of this study suggest that construction-related issues played a bigger role in the observed scaling performance than did the among of slag in the concrete mixture. For the scaling tests, only cores extracted from one site exhibited scaling mass loss values that exceeded 1.5 lb/yd². It was also noted that the bridge deck cores tended to lose more mass during the scaling tests than the pavement cores. For the rapid chloride permeability tests, the amount of charge passed did not appear to be directly related to the amount of slag in the mixtures. However, the different ages of the concrete at the various sites tended to complicate the interpretation of test results. For the surface chloride profile tests, the diffusion coefficients estimated for the various samples ranged from about 5.6E-12 m²/s to 1.4E-13 m²/s. Petrographic examinations indicated that 4 of the 7 sites that exhibited scaling showed evidence of retempering. In addition, 2 of the scaling sites tended to have significantly higher water-cementitious material ratios than was expected from the nominal mixture design information that was provided.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Cores (Specimens)
KW  - Deicing chemicals
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Portland cement concrete
KW  - Scaling (Concrete)
KW  - Scaling resistance
KW  - Slag cement
UR  - http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/reports/schlorholtz_deicing_phase1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874712
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115355
AU  - Zhou, Fujie
AU  - Fernando, Emmanuel
AU  - Scullion, Tom
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - A Review of Performance Models and Test Procedures with Recommendations for Use in the Texas M-E Design Program
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Report
SP  - 142p
AB  - In the first year of this project, a comprehensive review was made of the available models for predicting the major distresses in flexible pavements, including cracking of asphalt layers and chemically bound layers, permanent deformation of asphalt layers, and permanent deformation of granular base and subgrade layers. In conducting these reviews, the latest models under consideration in both national efforts and various state development efforts were reviewed. The models identified for each of the major distresses are described in this report. Additionally, the associated laboratory test procedures, which can be used to provide the Texas Department of Transportation with the material properties needed as inputs to both the pavement response and performance prediction models, were also identified and discussed. Finally, a detailed laboratory testing plan was proposed for Year 2 study.
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Flexible pavements
KW  - Mathematical prediction
KW  - Mechanistic-empirical pavement design
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Performance models
KW  - Test procedures
KW  - Texas
KW  - Texas Department of Transportation
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5798-1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874597
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115341
AU  - Jung, Youn su
AU  - Freeman, Thomas J
AU  - Zollinger, Dan G
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation and Selection Guide of Method of Repair for Routine Maintenance
PY  - 2008/09//Product
SP  - 102p
AB  - The objective of this field guideline is to provide assistance for the pavement evaluation and selection of method of repair for routine maintenance relative to the extension of service life. First, a strategic overview of routine maintenance activities in terms of pavement condition, assessment, and recommendations for repairs, and second, the comparison of selected routine maintenance treatments in terms of repair cost, life extension, and working time are summarized in the tables. This guideline includes the following: pavement condition evaluation techniques, repair decision flowchart for routine maintenance, detail sheets. Because pavement condition evaluation is the key to determining proper routine maintenance activities, it is needed to validate the extent of distress related damage, the quality of drainage, and relative base/subgrade layer strength using NDT evaluation techniques. Pavement distress condition is considered relative to functional and structural performance in the decision process. Based on the pavement condition evaluation, decision flowchart provides guidance for effective routine maintenance. Moreover, this report introduces the detail plans of current concrete pavement repair methods using many state departments of transportation (DOTs) and the American Concrete Pavement Association to provide various applications for routine maintenance. The original plans of DOTs used in this chapter are attached in Appendix B and special specifications are attached in Appendix C.
KW  - Condition surveys
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Repairing
KW  - Service life
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5821-P2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874598
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115321
AU  - Ivanov, Barbara
AU  - Xu, George
AU  - Buell, Tonia
AU  - Moore, Danna
AU  - Austin, Bruce
AU  - Wang, Yi-Jen
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Washington State University, Pullman
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Storm-Related Closures of I-5 and I-90: Freight Transportation Economic Impact
Assessment Report Winter 2007-2008
PY  - 2008/09//Final
SP  - 34p
AB  - This report documents the economic impact analysis undertaken by Washington State Department of Transportation's (WSDOT’s) Freight Systems Division in response to the storm-related closures of I-5 and I-90 in the winter 2007-2008. The closures were the result of severe weather that overwhelmed the roadways and disrupted freight and passenger movements across the state and the West Coast. In all, the highways were closed for eight days, four days for I-5 and four days for I-90. In an effort to obtain a more complete picture of the statewide economic impacts of the highway closures than is typically available through traditional economic impact assessment methods, WSDOT contracted with Washington State University’s Social and Economic Sciences Research Center (SESRC) to conduct survey research and economic analysis of the two storm-related events. WSDOT staff and SESRC researchers worked together to design and develop a new economic assessment methodology that would provide the state’s citizens and decision-makers with a reality-based, comprehensive analysis of the effects of the closures on the state’s freight industry and economy as a whole.
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Interstate 5
KW  - Interstate 90
KW  - Severe weather
KW  - Storms
KW  - Street closure
KW  - Washington State Department of Transportation
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/77F51020-4607-44D2-A4F2-B1866B183B25/0/WSDOT_I5_90ClosuresFinalReport.pdf
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/708.1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873857
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115297
AU  - Rister, Brad W
AU  - Graves, R Clark
AU  - Creech, Jamie
AU  - University of Kentucky, Lexington
AU  - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Investigation of the Extended Use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for Measuring In-Situ Material Quality Characteristics
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 33p
AB  - This project tests the application of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) as a nondestructive tool for highway infrastructure assessment. Multiple antennas with different frequency ranges were used on a variety of highway infrastructure projects. This report highlights the pros and cons of using GPR on highway projects and what results may be anticipated for each application.
KW  - Ground penetrating radar
KW  - Highway projects
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - Materials tests
KW  - Nondestructive tests
KW  - Quality control
KW  - Radar antennas
UR  - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_08_31_SPR_307_05_1F.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875141
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01113499
AU  - McCray, Danielle R
AU  - Miller, John S
AU  - Hoel, Lester A
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Improving Socioeconomic Land Use Forecasting for Medium-Sized Metropolitan Planning Organizations in Virginia
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 80p
AB  - Socioeconomic forecasts are the foundation for long range travel demand modeling, projecting variables such as population, households, employment, and vehicle ownership. In Virginia, metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) develop socioeconomic forecasts for a given horizon year at a traffic analysis zone level, and the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) uses these forecasts as input to the four-step travel demand model system. This report identifies the socioeconomic forecasting practices currently used by four medium-sized Virginia MPOs, computes the accuracy of socioeconomic forecasts generated by one such MPO, and recommends practices for improving such forecasts. This research found that medium-sized Virginia MPOs are using similar techniques to forecast socioeconomic variables. These techniques are to (1) identify jurisdictional population control totals based on U.S. Census and Virginia Employment Commission data; (2) disaggregate population projections to the zonal level based on comprehensive plans, local knowledge, and historic trends; (3) apply historic ratios of households to population and autos to population to forecast households and autos; (4) use historic trends and local expertise to determine future employment; and (5) revise zone projections through coordination with local jurisdictions. Using a forecast that was developed for the Lynchburg region in 1981 with a horizon year of 2000, the study area percent error was computed as the difference between the forecasted and observed values for the entire study area. While the study area percent error for number of vehicles and employment was less than 10%, the study area percent errors for population and households were 48% and 14%, respectively. Two adjacent zones accounted for approximately 80% of the population error and 90% of the household error, and the error resulted because anticipated development therein did not materialize. The zone percent error is the average difference between forecasted and observed values for each zone. Population, households, and vehicles had similar zone percent errors of 61%, 65%, and 54%, respectively, while the employment zone percent error was 154%. Four recommendations for improving forecasts are given. First, localities should provide updates to MPO or Planning District Commission (PDC) staff as changes in land development occur, and such staff should perform socioeconomic forecasts more frequently than the current practice of every five years. Second, MPOs should consider providing two sets of socioeconomic variables for the travel demand model: (1) the baseline forecast (which is the MPO’s best estimate) and (2) the baseline forecast modified by some percentage that accounts for the possibility of forecast error. Third, best forecasting practices should be shared among MPOs through a user’s group, a workshop, or some other forum where MPO and PDC staff will be in attendance. Fourth, VDOT should communicate these recommendations to MPO staff who are responsible for completing socioeconomic forecasts.
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Automobile ownership
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Employment
KW  - Error analysis
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Households
KW  - Lynchburg (Virginia)
KW  - Medium sized cities
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Population forecasting
KW  - Recommendations
KW  - Socioeconomic factors
KW  - Traffic analysis zones
KW  - Travel demand
KW  - Virginia
UR  - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/09-r2.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37600/37672/09-r2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873195
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112789
AU  - Wang, Kelvin C P
AU  - Li, Qiang
AU  - Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center
AU  - Research and Special Programs Administration
TI  - Applicability of Microelectronic and Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for Transportation Infrastructure Management
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 25p
AB  - It will be advantageous to have information on the state of health of infrastructure at all times in order to carry out effective on-demand maintenance.  With the tremendous advancement in technology, it is possible to employ devices embedded in structural members for real-time monitoring of infrastructure health.  Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are miniature sensing or actuating devices which can interact with their environment to either obtain information or alter it.  With remote query capability, it appears such devices can therefore be embedded in structures to monitor distresses such as cracking.  Recently the potential for application of many of the developments in the nanotechnology field in the area of transportation engineering is growing.  In this report a broad overview of the potential applications of various nanotechnology developments in the civil and transportation engineering field is conducted.  The focus is on the potential effects that the technology may have on aspects such as bridge, pavement, and traffic engineering.  The most important challenges of the implementation of MEMS into transportation infrastructures are also addressed.
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Civil engineering
KW  - Electromechanical devices
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) device
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Nanotechnology
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Traffic engineering
KW  - Transportation engineering
KW  - Transportation infrastructure
UR  - http://www.uark.edu/rd_engr/MBTC/Final_Report_-_MBTC_2056.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872781
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112771
AU  - McCray, Danielle R
AU  - Miller, John S
AU  - Hoel, Lester A
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Improving Socioeconomic Forecasting for Medium-Sized Metropolitan
Planning Organizations in Virginia
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 80p
AB  - Socioeconomic forecasts are the foundation for long range travel demand modeling, projecting variables such as population, households, employment, and vehicle ownership. In Virginia, metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) develop socioeconomic forecasts for a given horizon year at a traffic analysis zone level, and the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) uses these forecasts as input to the four-step travel demand model system. This report identifies the socioeconomic forecasting practices currently used by four medium-sized Virginia MPOs, computes the accuracy of socioeconomic forecasts generated by one such MPO, and recommends practices for improving such forecasts. This research found that medium-sized Virginia MPOs are using similar techniques to forecast socioeconomic variables. These techniques are to (1) identify jurisdictional population control totals based on U.S. Census and Virginia Employment Commission data; (2) disaggregate population projections to the zonal level based on comprehensive plans, local knowledge, and historic trends; (3) apply historic ratios of households to population and autos to population to forecast households and autos; (4) use historic trends and local expertise to determine future employment; and (5) revise zone projections through coordination with local jurisdictions. Using a forecast that was developed for the Lynchburg region in 1981 with a horizon year of 2000, the study area percent error was computed as the difference between the forecasted and observed values for the entire study area. While the study area percent error for number of vehicles and employment was less than 10%, the study area percent errors for population and households were 48% and 14%, respectively. Two adjacent zones accounted for approximately 80% of the population error and 90% of the household error, and the error resulted because anticipated development therein did not materialize. The zone percent error is the average difference between forecasted and observed values for each zone. Population, households, and vehicles had similar zone percent errors of 61%, 65%, and 54% respectively, while the employment zone percent error was 154%. Four recommendations for improving forecasts are given. First, localities should provide updates to MPO or planning district commission (PDC) staff as changes in land development occur, and such staff should perform socioeconomic forecasts more frequently than the current practice of every five years. Second, MPOs should consider providing two sets of socioeconomic variables for the travel demand model: (1) the baseline forecast (which is the MPO’s best estimate) and (2) the baseline forecast modified by some percentage that accounts for the possibility of forecast error. Third, best forecasting practices should be shared among MPOs through a user’s group, a workshop, or some other forum where MPO and PDC staff will be in attendance. Fourth, VDOT should communicate these recommendations to MPO staff who are responsible for completing socioeconomic forecasts.
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Automobile ownership
KW  - Employment
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Households
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Long range planning
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Population forecasting
KW  - Recommendations
KW  - Socioeconomic factors
KW  - Travel demand
UR  - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/09-r2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872673
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112762
AU  - Mokwa, Robert
AU  - Brooks, Heather
AU  - Western Transportation Institute
AU  - Montana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Axial Capacity of Piles Supported on Intermediate Geomaterials
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 91p
AB  - The natural variability of intermediate geomaterials (IGMs) exacerbates uncertainties in deep foundation design and may ultimately increase construction costs.  This study was undertaken to investigate the suitability of conventional pile capacity formulations to predict the axial capacity of piles driven into IGM formations.  Data from nine Montana Department of Transportation bridge projects were collected, compiled, and analyzed.  Axial pile analyses were conducted using a variety of existing methods and computer programs, including: DRIVEN, GRLWEAP, FHWA Gates driving formula, WSDOT Gates driving formula, and an empirical method used by the Colorado Department of Transportation.  The results of the analyses were compared to pile capacities determined using PDA measurements obtained during pile driving and wave equation analyses conducted using the CAPWAP program.  The capacity comparisons clearly demonstrated the inherent variability of pile resistance in IGMs.  Most of the projects exhibited considerable variation between predicted capacities calculated using DRIVEN and measured CAPWAP capacities.  For example, five of the six restrike analyses were over predicted using DRIVEN, one by as much as 580%.  The majority of shaft capacity predictions for cohesionless IGMs were less than the measured CAPWAP capacities; the worse case was a 400% under prediction (a factor of 5).  Toe capacity predictions were also quite variable and random, with no discernible trends.  This study indicates that traditional semiempirical methods developed for soil may yield unreliable predictions for piles driven into IGM deposits.  The computed results may have little to no correlation with CAPWAP capacities measured during pile installation.  Currently CAPWAP capacity determinations during pile driving or static load tests represent the only reliable methods for determining the capacity of piles driven into IGM formations.
KW  - Axial capacity
KW  - Bearing capacity
KW  - CAPWAP (Computer program)
KW  - Cohesionless materials
KW  - Geomaterials
KW  - Pile foundations
UR  - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/axial/final_report.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45800/45833/final_report55.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872670
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112578
AU  - Garber, Nicholas J
AU  - Kassebaum, Elizabeth Abel
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Crash Rates and Causal Factors for High-Risk Locations on Rural and Urban Two-Lane Highways in Virginia
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 65p
AB  - Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to make highway travel safer. Traffic engineers continue to emphasize the identification of causal factors for crashes on individual sections and on different functional classes of highways as an area of emphasis. If precise causal factors and corresponding countermeasures can be identified, traffic engineers in the roadway design field would be able to use that information to make Virginia’s highways safer. The purpose of this study was to identify causal factors of crashes on two-lane highways and corresponding effective countermeasures that should significantly reduce these crashes. The scope of the research was limited to two-lane highways in Virginia with data from 2001 through 2004. The researchers identified 143 five- to ten-mile stretches of two-lane highways in Virginia that proportionally represented each of the counties in Virginia. Relevant data elements that included time of crash, road and weather conditions, driver action, and type of collision were extracted from the relevant police reports. Traffic volumes and speed data were obtained from Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) publications. Global positioning system data collected for each site provided information on grading and curvature of the sites. Signing and speed limit data were also collected for each site. The final dataset consisted of nearly 10,000 crashes and more than 30 variables, grouped under different highway classifications (urban primary, urban secondary, rural primary, rural secondary) and collision type (rear-end, angle, head-on, sideswipe, run-off-the-road [ROR], deer, and other). Fault tree analysis was used to identify the associated causal factors, and generalized linear models were developed from which the significant causal factors were identified. The results indicated that ROR crashes were the predominant type of crash, followed by rear-end, angle, and deer crashes. These crashes represented nearly 70% of all crashes. The significant causal factors for ROR crashes were found to be curvature and annual average daily traffic. One of the four recommendations is that a plan for correcting the geometric deficiencies of the significant causal factors at sites with high ROR crashes be developed and implemented. The economic benefits of improving the radii at locations with predominantly ROR crashes were investigated using a sensitivity analysis on the benefit/cost ratios for different levels of improvements and expected crash reductions. In all cases, the ratio was higher than 1, with a range of 1.16 to 9.60.
KW  - Angle collisions
KW  - Animal vehicle collisions
KW  - Annual average daily traffic
KW  - Benefit cost analysis
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Crash causes
KW  - Crash rates
KW  - Deer
KW  - Frontal crashes
KW  - Geometric design
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Highway curves
KW  - Highway factors in crashes
KW  - Police reports
KW  - Ran off road crashes
KW  - Rear end crashes
KW  - Right angle crashes
KW  - Side crashes
KW  - Two lane highways
KW  - Virginia
UR  - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/09-r1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37600/37670/09-r1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872324
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112575
AU  - Jenness, James W
AU  - Lerner, Neil D
AU  - Mazor, Steven D
AU  - Osberg, J Scott
AU  - Tefft, Brian C
AU  - Westat
AU  - Automobile Club of Southern California
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
AU  - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
TI  - Use of Advanced In-Vehicle Technology by Younger and Older Early Adopters. Selected Results From Five Technology Surveys
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 76p
AB  - This document describes the results of survey research undertaken by the Automobile Club of Southern California. Five technology-specific surveys were conducted with mail-out questionnaires. A total of 40,000 questionnaires were mailed to insurance customers who own vehicles that may have in-vehicle navigation systems, adaptive cruise control, advanced headlamps, electronic backing aids, or rear-view video cameras as standard or optional original equipment. Half of the questionnaires were mailed to vehicle owners who were 25 to 64 years old, and half of the questionnaires were mailed to owners who were 65 or older. The response rate varied for the five technology-specific surveys from 16.6 percent (adaptive cruise control) to 30.7 percent (sensor-based backing aids). Survey items addressed topics such as learning to use the system, behavioral adaptation, system effectiveness, and perceived safety of the system. This report highlights differences in responses between younger and older respondents and compares responses to the five targeted technologies. This report also describes a series of 18 interviews that were conducted with representatives of original equipment manufacturers, regulators, medical practitioners, and professionals in the senior advocacy area. These interviews focused on emerging in-vehicle technologies that may help older drivers.
KW  - Advanced headlamps
KW  - Aged drivers
KW  - Automobile navigation systems
KW  - Autonomous intelligent cruise control
KW  - Drivers
KW  - Electronic backing aids
KW  - In-vehicle routing and navigation systems
KW  - In-vehicle technology
KW  - Interviewing
KW  - Motor vehicle navigational aids
KW  - Onboard navigational aids
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Rearview cameras
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Technological innovations
UR  - http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/Multimedia/PDFs/Crash%20Avoidance/2008/DOT%20HS%20811%20004.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872333
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112574
AU  - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Making the Case for Transportation Safety – Ideas for Decision Makers
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 38p
AB  - This document presents 20 case studies of noteworthy transportation safety practices throughout the U.S. involving stakeholders at all levels of transportation safety. It features examples from State departments of transportation, Tribes, transit agencies, metropolitan planning organizations, highway safety offices, and enforcement agencies. The document also describes the importance of integrating safety into the transportation planning process and lists transportation safety resources.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Law enforcement
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transit safety
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Transportation safety
KW  - Tribal government
UR  - http://tsp.trb.org/assets/Briefing%20Book%20hi-res.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872327
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112020
AU  - Dixon, Karen K
AU  - Zhu, Hong
AU  - Ogle, Jennifer H
AU  - Brooks, Johnell O
AU  - Hein, Candice
AU  - Aklluir, Priyank
AU  - Crisler, Matthew C
AU  - Oregon State University, Corvallis
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Determining Effective Roadway Design Treatments for Transitioning from Rural Areas to Urban Areas on State Highways
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 192p
AB  - This report reviews an Oregon research effort to identify ways to calm operating speeds as the vehicles transition into developed suburban/urban areas from rural roads. Drivers of vehicles approaching the urban environment have few visual cues to reduce their speeds until their vehicles are well into the more urban environment. This report specifically reviews a simulator study for rural-to-urban transitions. The study included two pilot studies and one full scale study. The scenarios evaluated were ones that either physically or perceptually narrow the road at these transition locations. The specific transition treatments included in the full scale simulation were: Layered landscape; Gateway with lane narrowing; Median treatment only; Median with gateway treatment; Medians in series with no pedestrian crosswalks; and Medians in series with pedestrian crosswalks. Though all enhanced speed reductions were minimal, the scenarios with the most effective speed reduction results included the median treatments (particularly the medians in a series or the treatment combined with a gateway). The layered landscape treatment and the gateway with lane narrowing treatment did not result in statistically significant speed reductions.
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Landscape design
KW  - Medians
KW  - Operating speed
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Pavement transition areas
KW  - Rural areas
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Speed control
KW  - State highways
KW  - Traffic calming
KW  - Urban areas
KW  - Vehicle gateways
UR  - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/Rural_to_Urban.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/871723
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112017
AU  - Kennedy, T C
AU  - Lovejoy, Steven C
AU  - Blomberg, J E
AU  - Oregon State University, Corvallis
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Finite Element Modeling of Wave Propagation in Concrete
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 80p
AB  - Three reports were produced from research sponsored by the Oregon Department of Transportation on acoustic emission (AE). The first describes the evaluation of AE techniques applied to two reinforced concrete (RC) bridge girders, which were loaded to mimic in-service conditions. The main goal was to get a thorough understanding of how AE methods can be used with RC and in what way these methods can assist in maintaining the state’s aging RC deck girder bridges. Recommended settings for data acquisition and processing were evaluated. In addition to the complex full-scale beam components, studies were performed on smaller test specimens that improved understanding of stress wave propagation through RC and the response of AE sensors in detecting these waves. Some qualitative and quantitative assessment methodologies were described, and examples and limitations of the methods were presented. Source locations in three dimensions were performed, and strategies on how to best deploy sensors were evaluated using Monte Carlo Simulations.
KW  - Acoustic emission tests
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Girder bridges
KW  - Girders
KW  - Location
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - Reinforced concrete
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Stress waves
UR  - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/FEM_of_Wave.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/871776
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112015
AU  - Schumacher, Thomas
AU  - Oregon State University, Corvallis
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Acoustic Emission Techniques Applied to Conventionally Reinforced Concrete Bridge Girders
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 199p
AB  - Reinforced concrete (RC) bridges generally operate at service-level loads except during discrete overload events that can reduce the integrity of the structure by initiating concrete cracks, widening or extending of existing concrete cracks, as well as reinforcing steel slip or yielding. Identification of previous damage and predicting the possible impact on future performance has increasingly become of interest to load rating engineers. The ultimate goal of this project was to determine if the Acoustic Emission (AE) technique can assist in: Assessing and identifying previous damage; Monitoring existing bridges for real-time detection of occurring damage; and Predicting critical conditions or failure of bridge members. The term "damage" in this context shall be defined as a "change in the current state or condition of a structural element that reduces its capacity." Damage is not a well-defined term for RC since cracking alone does not necessarily reduce the capacity of a member. However, crack formation and crack width growth are of importance since they may expose steel reinforcement to the environment which can lead to rebar corrosion, etc. In the present study, the term "deterioration" is therefore used rather than "damage." Four conventionally reinforced concrete (CRC) girders were designed to fail in shear-compression mode and constructed with different reinforcement details to investigate the AE response due to increasing loads up to capacity, cyclic loading representing ambient service-level trucks, and simulated test trucks also at the service level.
KW  - Acoustic emission tests
KW  - Damage assessment
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - Girder bridges
KW  - Girders
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Reinforced concrete
UR  - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/AE_Techniques.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/871777
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112014
AU  - Lovejoy, Steven C
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Acoustic Emission Testing of In-Service Conventionally Reinforced Concrete Deck Girder Superstructures on Highway Bridges
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 30p
AB  - Three reports were produced from research sponsored by the Oregon Department of Transportation on acoustic emission (AE). The first describes the evaluation of AE techniques applied to two reinforced concrete (RC) bridge girders, which were loaded to mimic in-service conditions. The main goal was to get a thorough understanding of how AE methods can be used with RC and in what way these methods can assist in maintaining the state’s aging RC deck girder bridges. Recommended settings for data acquisition and processing were evaluated. In addition to the complex full-scale beam components, studies were performed on smaller test specimens that improved understanding of stress wave propagation through RC and the response of AE sensors in detecting these waves. Some qualitative and quantitative assessment methodologies were described, and examples and limitations of the methods were presented. Source locations in three dimensions were performed, and strategies on how to best deploy sensors were evaluated using Monte Carlo Simulations.
KW  - Acoustic emission tests
KW  - Girder bridges
KW  - Girders
KW  - Highway bridges
KW  - Location
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - Reinforced concrete
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Stress waves
UR  - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/Acoustic_Emission.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/871769
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01111521
AU  - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
AU  - Automobile Club of Southern California
AU  - Westat
TI  - Use of Advanced In-Vehicle Technology by Younger and Older Early Adopters
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 72p
AB  - This report describes selected survey data from vehicle owners that was collected by AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in cooperation with the Automobile Club of Southern California (ACSC). It also includes the results of interviews conducted with representatives of several key groups involved in vehicle technology and older-driver issues The five mail-out surveys described here were designed to assess drivers’ experiences with backing aids (proximity sensing systems, rear-view video cameras, adaptive cruise control, advanced HID headlamps (high-intensity discharge), and built-in vehicle navigation systems (they do not address portable navigation units that are sold as aftermarket devices). All of these technologies are still relatively new to the U.S. passenger vehicle fleet and the purpose of the study was to learn about early adopters’ experience using these systems. Some specific areas of interest included drivers’ acceptance of the systems, perceived effectiveness and usability of the systems, and behavioral adaptations which may occur with system use. The overarching goal of the study was to learn more about the extent to which in-vehicle technologies enhance or detract from safety, particularly with respect to the capabilities and limitations of older drivers.
KW  - Acceptance
KW  - Age groups
KW  - Aged drivers
KW  - Automobile navigation systems
KW  - Backing (Driving)
KW  - Driver support systems
KW  - Drivers
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Human factors
KW  - Technological innovations
UR  - http://www.aaafoundation.org/pdf/In-VehicleTechnologyReport.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/870780
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01111482
AU  - Smadi, Omar
AU  - Stein, Patrick
AU  - Kallam, Krishna
AU  - Midwest Transportation Consortium
AU  - Research and Special Programs Administration
TI  - Iowa DOT Bridge Asset Management Using PONTIS: Data Integration, Performance, and Decision Support Tools
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 71p
AB  - This project will address three research areas. The first covers the collection and integration of bridge structural performance data using strain gages and basic data acquisition devices. The second area deals with the development of a computerized system to capture bridge visual inspection data. The last deals with using PONTIS bridge management software to integrate the data for the purpose of developing an integrated bridge asset management program. This project will address three research areas. The first covers the collection and integration of bridge structural performance data using strain gages and basic data acquisition devices. The second area deals with the development of a computerized system to capture bridge visual inspection data. The last deals with using PONTIS bridge management software to integrate the data for the purpose of developing an integrated bridge asset management program. This project will address three research areas. The first covers the collection and integration of bridge structural performance data using strain gages and basic data acquisition devices. The second area deals with the development of a computerized system to capture bridge visual inspection data. The last deals with using PONTIS bridge management software to integrate the data for the purpose of developing an integrated bridge asset management program.
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Bridge inspection
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Bridge members
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Iowa
UR  - http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/mtc/reports/pontis2008.pdf
UR  - http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/reports/pontis2008.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/871024
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139261
AU  - Fisher, Bruno
AU  - Bhatnagar, Himanshu
AU  - Kosta, Chuck
AU  - Montachusett Regional Transit Authority
AU  - Federal Transit Administration
TI  - UWR/MSAA Demonstration of Coordinated Human Service Transportation Models: Phase I System Development and Design. M-ITS: MART’s Integration Traveler Services
PY  - 2008/08/31/Final Report
SP  - 45p
AB  - This paper presents the results of a sixteen month project for system development and design of a model for a Travel Management Coordination Center (TMCC) utilizing ITS capabilities. The system was designed as a tool to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and data, enabling seamless coordination of transportation across geographic regions, programs, funding entities, private/public/non-profit providers, care-givers and travel coordinators. This project involved discussions and meetings, extensive research, card-board modeling and numerous verification sessions during which stakeholders throughout Massachusetts and portions of New Hampshire defined and ratified system requirements, which were later organized into potential sub-systems representing ‘functional’ system components. The M-ITS core subsystems are: 1) Brokerage & Booking, 2) Scheduling & Dispatching, 3) Vehicle Tracking, 4) Operations Management, 5) Fare Payment and Billing Management and 6) a Trip Planner. The system design process resulted into a practical, scalable product that can be replicated in multiple scenarios without difficulty by any entity using mostly off-the-shelf components (with some customization) and deployed in its entirety over the given 12 months through six concurrent phases, provided funding is available for all the phases.
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - New Hampshire
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Regional transportation
KW  - Social service agencies
KW  - System design
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Travel Management Coordination Center
UR  - http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/UWR-FinalRpt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898921
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01548551
AU  - Athey Creek Consultants
AU  - Michigan Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Kansas Rural Transit ITS Systems: Summary of Issues Reported by Users
PY  - 2008/08/29/Final Report
SP  - 24p
AB  - Technologies operated by the Kansas Rural Transit Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)  project include Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) on transit vehicles, Mobile Data Terminals (MDT) in the transit vehicles and data communications between the dispatch center and vehicles, and Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) systems. A 2007 evaluation confirmed that the ITS technologies provided benefits to dispatchers, supervisors, drivers, and riders, however, nearly every individual commented that the systems had many instances of failures. In order to better understand these system failures, a second evaluation effort was performed to document what systems are having problems, and ideally to help lead to resolving the problems. Dispatchers in Hays and Hutchinson, Kansas have kept a log of issues/outages with the transit ITS technology systems operational at each site. Dispatchers in Hays have recorded issues since March 7, 2008; and dispatchers in Hutchinson have recorded issues since April 28, 2008. Both sites discontinued the official tracking of issues on June 12, 2008. As of June 12, 2008, Hutchinson dispatchers reported 32 issues, and Hay dispatchers reported 43 issues. The intent of this Final Report is to summarize the types of issues encountered, in order to present the nature of the current issues with representatives from Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) and the technology vendors involved in the project, and finally to present recommendations for next steps.
KW  - Automatic vehicle location
KW  - Customer satisfaction
KW  - Data communications
KW  - Dispatching
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Kansas
KW  - Mechanical failure
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Recommendations
KW  - Rural transit
UR  - http://enterprise.prog.org/Projects/2002_2009/finalreports/KDOTTransitITSIssueResolutionFinalReport.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1333236
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459700
TI  - Travel Demand and Climate Change: Developing Effective Policy Approaches for Slowing VMT Growth
AB  - Without addressing growth in Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT), national, state and local greenhouse gases goals will be difficult or expensive to achieve. Through research and dialog with pivotal stakeholders, Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP) will explore, develop and disseminate policy and planning solutions for slowing VMT growth. CCAP has been working on the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) climate linkage for much of the past decade. We have the proven ability to assemble leaders in this field and engage them in constructive dialog to identify areas of agreement, items of concern and research priorities. The US Transportation system and institutional infrastructure has been tremendously successful at supporting unprecedented levels of access, mobility, safety and economic activity. Over the coming decade transportation practitioners and policy makers at all levels will struggle to address growing energy concerns while maintaining and improving transportation system performance. CCAPs effort will help determine the extent to which new energy/Greenhouse Gases (GHG) performance goals may complement or conflict with fundamental transportation system performance and inform the development of effective policy frameworks for an era of high fuel prices and climate change constraints.
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Policy making
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Travel demand
KW  - Vehicle miles of travel
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227915
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462729
TI  - Airport Passenger Conveyance System Usage/Throughput
AB  - With air traffic and passenger demand continuing to grow, capacity will continue to be an issue at existing, expanding, and new airport facilities. In addition, the cost of new construction continues to increase, placing a premium on optimization of existing space and planning of new facilities. Peak-period demand accommodating both origin and destination flights as well as connections, both domestic and international, creates complex terminal design requirements affecting passenger circulation through all areas of an airport. The objective of this research is to prepare a comprehensive guidebook that will serve as a decision-support tool for planning, designing, and evaluating passenger conveyance systems at airports.  The scope of this research should examine how passenger conveyance systems operate and provide service to different areas within the airport environment.  For the purpose of this research project, passenger conveyance components include, but are not limited to, escalators, elevators, moving walkways, wheelchairs, and passenger assist vehicles/carts.  Research should not include Automated People Mover systems (covered under other ACRP research projects), Personal Rapid Transit systems, and shuttle bus systems; however, it should include passenger conveyance system interface with components of the overall airport circulation system.  Passengers are defined as any individual using the conveyance system. <span>  </span></font></div><div><font size="3"> </font></div>
KW  - Air traffic
KW  - Air transportation
KW  - Airport operations
KW  - Airport terminals
KW  - Passenger transportation
KW  - People movers
KW  - Personal rapid transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Walkways
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2106
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230951
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115771
AU  - University of Florida, Gainesville
AU  - Florida Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Miami-Dade Pedestrian Safety Project: Phase II Final Implementation Report and Executive Summary
PY  - 2008/08/25
SP  - 83p
AB  - This report presents the methods and key findings from the Miami-Dade comprehensive pedestrian safety planning and engineering project. It is one of three such projects in the nation funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to evaluate: (1) the effectiveness of a pedestrian safety plan to target higher-injury areas; and (2) the implementation of a range of mostly low-to-moderate-cost innovative engineering safety improvements. This report concentrates on the countermeasure implementation efforts, minimizing duplication with earlier reports and focusing primarily on the implementation experience and overall lessons learned. This project has three primary goals: (1) the installation of pedestrian countermeasures; (2) the scientific evaluation of the countermeasures in order to determine their efficacy; and (3) to produce a significant crash reduction along the treated high crash corridor.
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Crash-reduction
KW  - Crashes
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Impact tests
KW  - Miami-Dade County (Florida)
KW  - Pedestrian safety
KW  - Safety engineering
UR  - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_SF/FDOT_BD545_02_rpt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875484
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01108455
AU  - Department of Transportation
TI  - DOT Urine Specimen Collection Guidelines for the U.S. Department of Transportation Workplace Drug Testing Programs (49 CFR Part 40)
PY  - 2008/08/25/Revised Edition
SP  - 43p
AB  - These guidelines apply only to employers and individuals who come under the regulatory authority of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and those individuals who conduct urine specimen collections under DOT regulations. The term “employee” is used throughout this document and has the same meaning as “donor” as used on the Federal Drug Testing Custody and Control Form (CCF). These guidelines are a complete revision of the December 1994 (last revised in December 2006) DOT Urine Specimen Collection Procedures Guidelines, 49 CFR Part 40, for Transportation Workplace Drug Testing Programs. These guidelines contain all of the new requirements and procedures contained in the DOT rule published in the "Federal Register" on December 19, 2000, effective August 1, 2001; in the Technical Amendments, published on August 9, 2001; in the Interim Final rule, published on November 9, 2004; and in the Final Rule, published on June 25, 2008, effective August 25, 2008. It contains minimal graphics and formatting to ease transmission and downloading of the document from the Internet.
KW  - Drug tests
KW  - Employees
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Regulations
KW  - Specimens
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transit personnel
KW  - U.S. Department of Transportation
KW  - United States Code. Title 49. Part 40
KW  - Urine
KW  - Workplaces
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/868493
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462709
TI  - Wayfinding and Signing Guidelines for Airport Terminals and Landside
AB  - The objective of this research is to develop a handbook for airport operators containing up-to-date wayfinding and signing guidelines for the airport terminal and landside. The purpose of the handbook would be to facilitate the safe and efficient movement of passengers within each airport and from one airport to another through the uniform application of the guidelines. The guidelines should address the following areas: (a) terminal including concourses/gates, ticketing/check-in, security checkpoints, federal inspection services, baggage claim; (b) curbside/ground transportation; (c) parking; and (d) on-airport roadways/off-airport access roads<span style="COLOR: red">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p><font size="3"> </font></o:p></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></span>
KW  - Airport access
KW  - Airport ground transportation
KW  - Airport operations
KW  - Airport terminals
KW  - Airport ticket counters
KW  - Baggage
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Landside operations (Airports)
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Security checkpoints
KW  - Signs
KW  - Wayfinding
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2108
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230931
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01117493
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Iowa Department of Transportation
TI  - Greenhill Road Extension from Hudson Road to 27th Street Cedar Falls Iowa – Environmental Assessment
PY  - 2008/08/21
SP  - 45p
AB  - The purpose of the proposed improvement is to serve local traffic demands by extending the existing Greenhill Road from Hudson Road to West 27th Street. The location of the project study area is mapped out in the report. The proposed action is intended to serve the following needs: (1) provide local connectivity; (2) reduce traffic congestion; (3) provide for emergency access; and (5) provide pedestrian and bicycle accommodations.
KW  - Accessibility
KW  - Cedar Falls (Iowa)
KW  - Emergency response time
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Highway planning
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Local transportation
KW  - Long range planning
KW  - Traffic congestion
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875460
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459837
TI  - Airport Development and Oil Price Uncertainty
AB  - <div><font size="3">Jet fuel prices are up 200% since 2000.&amp;nbsp;These price increases, along with a weak economy, are causing airlines to cut schedules and drop service to some communities.&amp;nbsp;Domestic flight schedules for October 2008 (Official Airline Guide) show many airports are likely to see declines in air service of 5%-10% with several airports in the 12%-20% range. Higher fuel prices could discourage non-business travel and limit the growth of some business travel.&amp;nbsp;In the short term, airports can help airlines by shifting some revenue collection to non-airline services such as parking and concessions. </font><font size="3">The current level of uncertainty about future oil prices poses significant challenges to airport development.&amp;nbsp;Unknown is the effect of sustained, long-term high fuel prices on airlines and airports. Effects on general aviation are unknown as well.&amp;nbsp;</font><font size="3">The objective of this research would be to provide airport decision makers with tools to plan for facilities in an era of oil price uncertainty. </font><font size="3">This research would provide information on potential future oil prices, and analyze the relationships between oil price, aircraft activity, and airport development.&amp;nbsp;It would also identify strategies for reduced fuel use, including airport operational changes.</font></div><div><font size="3">The effect of high fuel prices on airports is expected to be uneven.&amp;nbsp;Commercial airports with significant international service and a large origin and destination market are less likely to see significant changes in airline schedules.&amp;nbsp;In contrast, spoke airports in smaller communities and airports that rely on smaller regional jets (less than 70 passengers) service are more vulnerable to schedule changes.&amp;nbsp;General aviation airports that depend heavily on fuel sales and those that primarily accommodate discretionary flying have fewer options to cover costs.&amp;nbsp;</font><font size="3">The industry must understand the relationship among sustained high fuel costs, airline and general aviation activity, and airport revenue.&amp;nbsp;Such understanding will reduce the uncertainty over timing and scope of capital investment decisions and allow airports to identify actions they can take to cover operational costs during periods of reduced air operations.&amp;nbsp;</font></div>
KW  - Fuel prices
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2577
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228052
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464432
TI  - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 260. Development of Guidelines for Conducting Effective Customer Surveys Related to Highway Maintenance Operations
AB  - The research objective is to synthesize and provide illustrative examples for existing highway maintenance-related market research or customer survey activities or efforts conducted by SHA. The compilation should include: (1) Documentation of current customer survey practices at state DOTs related to highway maintenance, including cost. (2) Identify what customers are being surveyed - different modal users (i.e. truckers, bicyclists, etc.). (3) Identify current strategies of market research: focus groups, phone surveys, etc. (4) Identify how states are interpreting, reporting (both internally within the DOT and externally as part of public outreach), and internally using the data collected. (5) Identify how market research results have impacted SHA decision making in terms of how funds were allocated to the various programs. 
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Customer satisfaction
KW  - Highway maintenance
KW  - Maintenance practices
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Surveys
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2473
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232662
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459694
TI  - Motor Vehicle VMT Forecasting Review
AB  - The prospective rate of growth in Motor Vehicle Travel over the near-term future is likely to emerge as a critical issue in the debate over reauthorization of the federal-aid highway program, as well as in other current discussions of transportation policy.  Future growth in motor vehicle use has three major implications for highway investment levels and their funding.  First, vehicle use will have a significant effect on fuel consumption and thus on revenues generated by federal and state fuel taxation, which are the primary source of total funding available to support highway spending. Second, growth in Motor Vehicle Travel and the resulting levels of recurring congestion provide a rough index of the benefits from investing in expanded highway capacity, and thus affect the ideal level of highway spending.  (However, the fact that highway user taxes are typically well below the cost imposed by peak-hour travel requires extreme caution in interpreting growth in vehicle use and congestion as signals to increase highway spending).  Third, most environmental impacts associated with motor vehicle use depend partly on the total number of miles they are driven, so projected growth in total travel have critical implications for future environmental impacts from highway use and potential resistance to increased highway investment.
KW  - Federal aid highways
KW  - Financing
KW  - Highway projects
KW  - Motor vehicles
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic forecasting
KW  - Vehicle miles of travel
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227909
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459693
TI  - Surface Transportation Environment and Planning (STEP) FY08 and FY09 Task
AB  - Section 5207 of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) established the Surface Transportation Environment and Planning (STEP) Cooperative Research Program. The goal of this program is to improve the understanding of the complex relationship between surface transportation and environment. This cooperative research program requires extensive outreach and consultation with stakeholders and partners. The Office of Interstate and Border Planning within the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)'s Office of Planning, Environment and Realty administers this program. The Office of Planning, Environment and Realty requires support in planning and implementing the STEP Program. Per the terms of this Interagency Agreement (IAA), the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) will contribute to achieving the following objectives
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Ground transportation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227908
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112658
AU  - Marisetty, Sreeram C
AU  - Bailey, Eric D
AU  - Hale, W Micah
AU  - Heymsfield, Ernest P
AU  - Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center
AU  - Research and Special Programs Administration
TI  - Development of a Soft Ground Arrestor System
PY  - 2008/08/15/Final Report
SP  - 115p
AB  - Increase in the demand for air travel safety has promoted the development of the Ground Arrestor System (GAS). Currently, GAS has been deployed in many of the airports throughout America and is called as Engineered Material Arrestor System (EMAS). The present EMAS is designed to decelerate the speed of the aircraft in order to bring it to complete rest without any casualties and not causing much damage to the aircraft. But the present GAS that’s in use is considered expensive as well as labor intensive. Efforts are being made to develop a mixture that can be used as a replacement for the present material that is being used in GAS construction. The research program described in this thesis examined the behavior of ultra-lightweight concrete with variation of chemical admixtures. Different concrete mixtures were batched and tested for fresh and hardened properties to develop the ultra-lightweight concrete that can meet the requirements provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in advisory circular AC 150/5220-22A.
KW  - Airport runways
KW  - Arrester beds
KW  - Concrete tests
KW  - Lightweight concrete
KW  - Materials tests
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31400/31471/MBTC_-_2089_Final_Report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872456
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01467646
TI  - Cross Town Improvement Program (C-TIP) -Wireless Drayage Updating (WDU)
AB  - In the wireless drayage updating (WDU) project, each participating truck will have a truck-mounted driver interface device (T-MDID) which will be linked wirelessly to the cross town improvement program (C-TIP) system.  The T-MDID will be the primary link for truck drivers to participate in the C-TIP pilot demonstration. Through the T-MDID, drivers will send location and trip status information and receive trip assignments and traffic information. The T-MDID will be able to send, receive, and enter data. The devices will be wireless, global positioning system (GPS) enabled, and will have a viewing screen and interface capability for the motor carrier driver's use.  Safety requirements for in-cab use will include: 1) the device will not allow the driver to interface while the vehicle is moving, 2) the device will not be mounted in a location that obstructs the driver's view outside the vehicle, and 3) the device will be mounted in a location within easy reach and not where it hinders or prevents any other aspects of vehicle operation.
KW  - Commercial vehicle operations
KW  - Drayage
KW  - Driver information systems
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - In vehicle sensors
KW  - Truck drivers
KW  - Wireless communication systems
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1235882
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01117551
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Iowa Department of Transportation
AU  - City of Ankeny, Iowa
TI  - Interstate 35 and NE 36th Street Interchange in Ankeny, Polk County, Iowa – Environmental Assessment
PY  - 2008/08/14
SP  - 102p
AB  - This proposed project consists of constructing an Interstate 35 (I-35) interchange at or near 36th Street in Ankeny, Iowa. Most of the project area is located in the northeast portion of the city of Ankeny but small portions are also located in unincorporated Polk County. The project area includes the I-35 corridor beginning at the existing Iowa Department of Transportation rest area, approximately 0.5-mile south of NE 36th Street, and extending northward to NW 54th Street, approximately 1.5 miles north of NE 36th Street. The purpose of this project is to ensure adequate near and long-term interstate system operations and access to and from the Interstate in the Ankeny area. The goals of the project are to: (1) improve traffic operations and safety on I-35 and associated interchange ramps; (2) improve travel reliability; (3) integrate planned local arterial street improvements within the regional travel network; and (4) facilitate and serve existing and planned economic development and growth in the Ankeny area.
KW  - Ankeny (Iowa)
KW  - Construction projects
KW  - Economic development
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Highway operations
KW  - Highway planning
KW  - Interchanges
KW  - Long range planning
KW  - Polk County (Iowa)
KW  - Ramps (Interchanges)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875458
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462730
TI  - Guidebook for Preparing Peak-Period and Operational Profiles to Improve Airport Facility Planning and Environmental Analyses
AB  - Forecasts of annual aviation activity, including the FAA's Terminal Area Forecasts (TAFs), are widely available and commonly used as the basis for aviation planning and environmental analyses at commercial airports. However, comparable forecasts of hourly or daily aviation activity--required to plan and analyze aircraft movements and passenger flows, to program terminal building and other airport facilities, and to support environmental studies and remediation needs--are not readily available. In addition, hourly or daily activity forecasts that are available can vary significantly, depending on the operational profile of a particular airport. Most planning studies use either (1) peak-hour of the average-day of a peak-month (PHADPM) or a standard busy rate (SBR), or (2) a detailed and comprehensive analysis of future airline schedules, aircraft sizes and load factors, passenger activity statistics, and growth and development trends at the subject airport. There are difficulties with both of these approaches. Use of PHADPM and SBR assumes there will be little or no fluctuation in the future in terms of the percentage of annual aviation activity that occurs during a design hour or design day, a questionable assumption given ongoing changes in the industry, airline operating patterns, and aircraft use. Use of either approach often assumes that a single hour of the day (or day of the month) can provide an appropriate basis for future planning, environmental analysis, and design. Furthermore, these procedures do not allow an airport operator to evaluate operational, customer service, or financial implications that may result from using alternative peak periods (i.e., the 90th, 95th, or 98th percentile hours) to plan airport facilities.  In addition, forecasts prepared using these procedures often fail to address extreme peaks, seasonal variations, directional peaks (i.e., inbound, outbound, or connecting flows), or to recognize that individual components of an airport can and do peak at different times of the day. Continued use of these forecasting procedures may result in airport operators building future airport facilities not directly correlated with forecast needs. As a result, enhanced procedures for forecasting daily and peak-hour passenger activity are necessary. The objective of this research is to prepare a guidebook enabling airport operators to define more effectively airport peak-period and operational profiles necessary for facility and environmental planning. This guidebook will include an analytical toolbox and associated application and implementation procedures.  The analytical components of the toolbox will include a software program suitable for use by airport professionals in preparation of peak-period and operational forecasts used in facility and environmental planning. Procedures incorporated in the guidebook will make use of historical data and existing, available forecasts (including FAA TAFs, master plan forecasts, and related environmental study forecasts), building on current best practices to forecast future flight schedules. The guidebook will help airport facility managers and operators evaluate (a) capacity requirements and operational improvements (e.g., examine how common-use or preferential gate use can accommodate increased passenger demand); (b) implications of designing facilities to accommodate alternative peak periods (e.g., those occurring more or less frequently); and (c) specific facility requirements as a function of larger-scale control totals (e.g., annual passengers or aircraft operations). The guidebook and associated toolbox will enhance the ability of airport operators to address demand and operational constraints and enable users to create alternative growth and development scenarios by analyzing effects of potential change in aircraft, passenger, demographic, environmental and other relevant factors.
KW  - Air transportation
KW  - Airlines
KW  - Airport facilities
KW  - Airport operations
KW  - Airport terminals
KW  - Commercial airports
KW  - Handbooks
KW  - Peak fares
KW  - Peak periods
KW  - Research projects
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2104
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230952
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129533
AU  - Bradshaw, Aaron S
AU  - Baxter, Christopher D P
AU  - University of Rhode Island, Narragansett
AU  - University of Rhode Island, Narragansett
AU  - Rhode Island Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of the Cyclic Resistance of Providence Silts Using Shear Wave Velocity and Other In Situ Tests
PY  - 2008/08/13/Final Report
SP  - 41p
AB  - Assessing the liquefaction potential of the Providence silts is a challenging problem for practicing engineers because the liquefaction resistance of these soils is largely uncertain.  This study presents a combined laboratory and field study of cyclic resistance of non-plastic Providence silts.  First, a new correlation was developed in the laboratory that relates cyclic resistance to shear wave velocity.  The new correlation was then used to predict the cyclic resistance of a silt deposit at a site in downtown Providence using in situ shear wave velocity measurements made with a seismic cone.  These cyclic resistance predictions were then compared to predictions made using existing cyclic resistance correlations based on the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the Cone Penetration Test (CPT).  There was good agreement between the silt-specific correlation and the CPT-based approach, suggesting that the field based approach can be used to quantify the cyclic resistance of a silt site.  The SPT-based approach predicted lower cyclic resistance than the silt-specific approach, suggesting that it is a more conservative method.  The implication of these results is that both existing SPT- and CPT-based approaches, as outlined in Youd et al. (2002), provide reasonable predictions of cyclic resistance of the Providence silts when the recommended fines content corrections are applied.
KW  - Cyclic resistance
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Liquefaction
KW  - Providence (Rhode Island)
KW  - Shear wave velocity
KW  - Silts
KW  - Soil penetration test
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889934
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01573571
TI  - Extending the Season for Concrete Construction and Repair

AB  - Innovative concrete mixtures are currently under development, entitled "Extending Construction Season, for Concreting Applications under Cold Weather Conditions." This is a pool fund project and consists of three phases: Phase I demonstrated the practicality of antifreeze admixtures for concrete and delivered the tools to design, mix, place, and cure concrete in below-freezing weather (supported by 10 northern States, completed in October 2003). Phase II defined the effect of phase I antifreeze formation on the freeze-thaw durability of concrete (supported by 10 northern States, the project was completed in May 1, 2006). Phase III will be conducted in fiscal year 2008; the objective is to develop guidance for designing admixture dosages for concrete to allow one to design a full range of admixture dosages to fit the typically varying weather conditions experienced by any job location. The primary objective of this proposed effort is to develop a new version of high-performance paving software that uses calorimetry information and reports the temperature development and concrete strength gain for use in cold weather concrete paving applications. It would also include a feature to download weather data from the National Weather Service Web site automatically. The modified version of high-performance paving will be tested under laboratory-controlled conditions to properly validate the high-performance paving predictions in cold weather against field data. Modifying high-performance paving to report the temperature development in the concrete would allow users to evaluate the temperature curing regime for these concrete mixtures under cold weather conditions and thus evaluate strength gain. It is anticipated that in addition to calorimetry testing, additional thermal properties of the concrete materials will be required for an accurate concrete temperature prediction (such as thermal conductivity and specific heat, which are currently hard coded in high-performance paving for ease of use). It is proposed to include these thermal properties as advanced inputs in the research grade version of the high-performance paving software.

KW  - Admixtures
KW  - Cold weather
KW  - Concrete mixing
KW  - Freeze thaw durability
KW  - Mix design
KW  - Paving
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Thermal conductivity
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1366762
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464747
TI  - Guidelines for Evaluating and Selecting Modifications to Existing Roadway Drainage Infrastructure to Improve Water Quality in Ultra-Urban Areas
AB  - The transportation community is faced with a need to reduce pollutant loadings from existing facilities to achieve watershed Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) or to meet other regulatory requirements. Existing infrastructure was designed for efficient drainage and flood control, and offers several possibilities for retrofits to enhance water quality. </span>The literature on retrofitting of storm drainage systems to improve effluent water quality is divided into two broad areas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The first assumes the availability of land or right-of-way sufficient to place new or off-line Best Management Practices (BMPs) for treatment; the second is usually referred to as "ultra-urban," meaning that the right-of-way is limited and there is little or no permeable surface.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The latter condition is the focus of this work. Research is needed to develop guidelines on evaluating and selecting modifications to existing drainage infrastructure in ultra-urban areas. The objective of this research is to develop guidelines for evaluating and selecting </span>hydraulic modifications to existing drainage infrastructure in order to reduce pollutant loads and concentrations in ultra-urban areas.
KW  - Drainage
KW  - Drainage basins
KW  - Flood protection
KW  - Floods
KW  - Runoff
KW  - Water quality management
KW  - Watersheds
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1642
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232979
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462815
TI  - Extending the Season for Concrete Construction and Repair, Defining Engineering Parameters
AB  - The primary objective of this proposed effort Phase III, designated as TFP-5(150) is to develop tools and guidance to specify dosage levels of admixtures used in antifreeze concrete to correspond with the varying cold weather conditions experienced at any job location.
KW  - Admixtures
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Concrete construction
KW  - Deicing chemicals
KW  - Freeze thaw durability
KW  - Freeze thaw tests
KW  - Highways
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Seasons
KW  - Service life
KW  - Temperature
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231038
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01465115
TI  - The Effect of Sight Distance Training on Motorcycle Skills
AB  - While motorcyclist fatalities continue to increase, the cause is unclear. Motorcycle safety advocates often argue that motorcycle training is the best countermeasure to reduce motorcycle crashes. However, the limited research on the effectiveness of training suggests that the benefits of training last approximately 6 months. Team Oregon, who conducts motorcycle training, proposes that overriding sight distance (when total stopping distance exceeds sight distance) is a possible cause of riders running off the road. In addition, overriding sight distance makes it difficult to detect and respond to road hazards with enough time to avoid collisions. Team Oregon and Dynamic Research collected preliminary data on experienced motorcycle riders using an eye tracker. After collecting baseline data, riders received feedback on visual search strategies to increase their sight distance and were re-tested with the eye tracker. There were marked improvements in visual lead and accuracy after receiving feedback. NHTSA is conducting a study using eye tracker technology to assess differences in line-of-sight among motorcycle riders. This is a longitudinal study where participants will be tested at 6 month intervals over a year (baseline, 6 months, 12 months). The objectives of this study are to 1) determine whether providing line-of-sight distance training increases riders' line-of-sight, and 2) compare trained-novice riders, untrained-novice riders, and experienced riders on line-of-sight on a closed circuit course and an open circuit course over time.
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Driver training
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Motorcycle crashes
KW  - Motorcyclists
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Override
KW  - Sight distance
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233348
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01117520
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Iowa Department of Transportation
TI  - U.S. 20 Woodbury, Ida, and Sac Counties, Iowa – Environmental Assessment
PY  - 2008/08/04
SP  - v.p.
AB  - The project is located in a rural area of western Iowa along 44 miles of U.S. 20 in Woodbury, Ida, and Sac counties. The proposed project begins 3.5 miles east of Highway 140 near Moville and extends east to the north junction of U.S. 20 and U.S. 71 near Early. The purpose of the proposed action is to upgrade and modernize U.S. 20 between Moville and Early so that it adequately functions as an element of Iowa’s Commercial and Industrial Network (CIN), which supports planned economic growth and development. The need for the proposed improvement is based on the following factors: (1) lane continuity; (2) consistency with planned economic development; and (3) the condition of the existing roadway.
KW  - Economic development
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Highway planning
KW  - Ida County (Iowa)
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Interchanges
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Sac County (Iowa)
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Woodbury County (Iowa)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875461
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01466319
TI  - Jointed Plain Concrete (JPC) Design and Construction Review
AB  - none
KW  - Admixtures
KW  - Concrete curing
KW  - Freeze thaw durability
KW  - Load transfer
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Portland cement concrete
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Ride quality
KW  - Roughness
KW  - Service life
KW  - South Dakota
UR  - http://www.mountain-plains.org/research/
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1234554
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01465101
TI  - The Effects of High Visibility Enforcement on Driver Compliance to Pedestrian Yield Right of Way Laws
AB  - The three E's-Enforcement, Engineering, and Education- are the primary strategies employed in pedestrian safety programs. Although a number of studies have evaluated the effects of pedestrian safety education programs and various engineering treatments individually, no studies have examined the effects of enforcement alone on pedestrian safety. This study will evaluate the impact of law enforcement combined with increased publicity about the enforcement effort will have on the drivers' compliance with the pedestrian yield the right of way laws. The goal of this program is to increase yielding to pedestrians by motorists, in order to minimize the potential conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians at crosswalks. This strategy is based on general deterrence theory, such that an increased use of sustained high visibility enforcement in conjunction with publicity about the program will generate the public perception that the risks of detection have been elevated and thereby refrain from unsafe actions. While this strategy has been employed to reduce alcohol impaired-driving and increase seat belt use, it has not generally been used to improve pedestrian safety. This project will examine the utility of high visibility enforcement for improving pedestrian safety.
KW  - Compliance
KW  - Drivers
KW  - Impaired drivers
KW  - Pedestrian safety
KW  - Pedestrian traffic
KW  - Right of way (Traffic)
KW  - Traffic law enforcement
KW  - Yield (Traffic)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233334
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464608
TI  - Automated Enforcement for Speeding and Red Light Running
AB  - <div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">There is a major national emphasis on highway safety and the attainment of aggressive reductions in traffic fatalities. Two significant factors in fatal crashes are speeding and red light running. Technologies have been developed to automatically detect these and other traffic violations. In 2004, the American Association of State Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Board of Directors passed a policy resolution to support greater use of automated traffic enforcement. Implementation of these technologies has grown to the point that studies of best practices and research on their effectiveness can provide valuable information for state and local jurisdictions contemplating automated traffic enforcement. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">The objectives of this project are to (1) prepare a comprehensive assessment of automated speeding and red light enforcement activity in the United States and (2) develop guidelines to ensure successful operation of current and future programs. </span></div><div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"> </font></div><div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font size="3"></font></span></div>
KW  - Automated enforcement
KW  - Law enforcement
KW  - Red light running
KW  - Speeding
KW  - Traffic speed
KW  - Traffic violators
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1613
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232839
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464313
TI  - Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategies for Interregional Travel
AB  - The warming of the Earth's temperatures due to human activities, known as anthropogenic climate change, is a threat to the environment and human health. The transportation sector is a major contributor to anthropogenic climate change, being responsible for 27 percent of all domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2003. Within this sector, urban travel has been the major focus of researchers and policymakers; to fill this gap, the proposed research focuses on interregional travel. Interregional travel emits pollutants in diverse regions, challenging current regulatory approaches and raising difficult jurisdictional issues. We seek to understand the contributions of interregional travel to transportation GHG emissions, and to develop methodologies for assessing emission reduction strategies that allow a diverse set of strategies to be compared. This study takes a multi-modal approach in that it considers both interregional line-haul travel and access to the line-haul modes, and also explores potential substitute modes. We will estimate the relationship between implementation cost and GHG emission reduction for each strategy, to allow for a ranking of GHG emission reduction strategies for interregional travel as well as an estimation of the overall cost curve for GHG emission reduction.
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Exhaust gases
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Line haul
KW  - Multimodal transportation
KW  - Pollutants
KW  - Regional transportation
KW  - Strategic planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232542
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464312
TI  - Large Scale Real Options Models for Network Investment Planning and Operational Risk Hedging
AB  - This project will develop a real option model for investments made in a network as a method for addressing managerial flexibility in transportation planning. A continuous network investment deferment model is formulated with longitudinal stochastic OD flows. Each payoff is determined by the continuous network design problem. The model is a bilevel program with an upper level Bellman equation for dynamic programming and a lower level based on the continuous network design investment allocation and user-optimal route choice. Each OD demand flow evolves as an independent, discretized geometric Brownian motion. A heuristic approach based on Monte Carlo simulation and Iterative Optimization Assignment is considered, using a sampling strategy to overcome it inherent computational inefficiency. The option value is decomposed into the basic deferment option and a newly defined network option. Network exposure is expanded as an application to operational risk hedging to consider the impact of failed links on the expanded net present value. A solution for a Sioux Falls, SD network example with zero drift is compared to the stochastic demand scenarios in earlier literature as well as the standard exposure with the investment exposure.
KW  - Investments
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Origin and destination
KW  - Route choice
KW  - Stochastic processes
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232541
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01463765
TI  - Mitigating the Social and Environmental Impacts of Multimodal Freight Corridor Operations at Southern California Ports - PHASE II
AB  - The San Pedro Bay Ports (SPBP) of Los Angeles and Long Beach in Southern California are one of the major container port complexes in the world: in 2004, for example, the SPBP processed over 36% of the U.S. container trade. However, the SPBP complex is also a major source of air pollution caused largely, on the land-side, by diesel locomotives and trucks that transport containers to and from the ports. The resulting annual health costs may exceed $2.5 billion. Low income and minority communities along the major Alameda corridor, a 20-mile railroad line that connects the SPBP to the transcontinental rail network east of downtown Los Angeles, are particular affected. This study will create a tool that will quantify links between SPBP freight traffic, air pollution, and the health of local communities. This tool will help evaluate the effectiveness of various alternatives (such as congestion pricing to decrease peak container traffic flows, biofuels for trucks and locomotives, or intermodal and route shifting of container traffic) in order to mitigate the environmental and health impacts of SPBP activities. Expected results include new insights into the spatial, socioeconomic, public health, and social justice consequences of alternative SPBP multimodal freight operations strategies.
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - Container terminals
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Port of Long Beach
KW  - Port of Los Angeles
KW  - Port operations
KW  - Social factors
KW  - Traffic congestion
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231992
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01463764
TI  - Sex, Race and Travel
AB  - How do race, age, sex and other social and economic circumstances influence both the demand for and supply of travel by place, means and purpose? Dozens of studies indicate that while women as a group drive more each year, and tend to take more trips than men, men still drive more overall. Explanations include women's rising labor force participation and their enduring disproportionate share of domestic and child-oriented responsibilities. As these two trends continue to evolve, much remains unclear about how they and other changes in key demographic, family, and economic factors translate into changing driving patterns. In 1990 San Francisco, working men reported driving more than working women in all age groups but 23-39. By contrast, in 2000, travel times were the same by sex for all age groups but one. Women traveled less in single, childless adult families in 1990, but more by 2000. These trends have not been analyzed for individual-level, longitudinal national data containing rich detail on family structure. It is thus unknown whether the so-called gender gap is shrinking nationwide when using proper statistical controls. We will analyze the National sample from the American Housing Survey, comprising 11 waves from 1985 to 2005. The model specification conforms to urban form theory, the model estimation uses panel techniques, and the potential endogeneity of wages and land costs will be addressed statistically.
KW  - Economic factors
KW  - Gender
KW  - Race
KW  - Statistical analysis
KW  - Travel
KW  - Travel patterns
KW  - Travel time
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231991
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462584
TI  - A Decision Support Tool for locating an Inland Port in Inland Empire
AB  - By diverting port-related truck trips to rail, the development and operation of an inland port in the Inland Empire would (a) reduce the net truck-miles-traveled (TMT), (b) have the potential to reduce the truck congestion on I-710, (c) contribute to creating a cleaner environment, and (d) improve storage capacity and productivity at the San Pedro Bay (SPB) ports. In several reports, Mira Loma has been named as an attractive location for an inland port serving SPB ports. The main reasons for its attractiveness include proximity to the Colton intermodal facility, potential for finding an appropriate site, and relatively low initial investment. The purpose of this research project is to develop a decision support tool to identify the optimal location of the Inland Empire inland port. The decision support tool will take advantage of the mathematical models available for single facility location problems. Given the daily origin destination (O/D) data from SPB ports to the distribution centers and processing centers (DC/PCs) in the Inland Empire, the model identifies the optimal location of an inland port. Due to environmental, legal, land availability, and economical concerns, it may not be feasible to locate an inland port on the theoretical optimal site. The decision support tool will also provide a set of contour lines showing the total TMT for the sites other than the theoretical optimal site. All the nodes on the same contour line have the same transportation and environmental costs. The computational capabilities and graphical interface of the decision support tool are especially valuable because the O/D data between SPB ports and Inland Empire DC/PCs are not reliable. The decision support tool makes it possible to conduct a sensitivity analysis of the impact evaluation of changes in O/D data on the optimal location and contour lines. Moreover, as the available data from diverse resources are integrated, and more reliable estimates on container flows in the Inland Empire are available, the model could quickly reflect the impact of the more accurate data. More accurate data may gradually become available using the ports truck driver surveys, ports Truck Trip Reduction Program data, CalTrans truck counts, SCAG heavy duty truck model output, and MTA Comprehensive Truck/Freight Modeling effort. Furthermore, it is straightforward to use the decision support tool to evaluate the impact of O/D data aggregation on the optimal location and the contour lines. In addition, the software can also evaluate the tradeoff between train trips and truck trips. Finally, by defining a set of weights as the negative environmental impact of one mile of travel, the objective function could be entirely transformed into emissions minimization.
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - Inland Empire (California)
KW  - Inland regions
KW  - Origin and destination
KW  - Physical distribution
KW  - Port congestion
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Truck facilities
KW  - Truck tractors
KW  - Truck traffic
KW  - Trucking
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230805
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462583
TI  - Transportation Decision-Making in San Bernardino County
AB  - The purpose of this proposed pilot study is to describe and analyze how current transportation planners in San Bernardino County make decisions on prioritizing transportation issues and deciding where limited funds are to be spent.  Specifically, this research project will employ a telephone survey of key Transportation Planners, City Engineers, Transportation Managers, and/or Traffic Engineers at the city, county, and regional levels to shed light on sources of information and procedures used by planners when making decisions concerning the relative importance and funding of potential and competing transportation projects.  In addition to surveys of "technical" people, selected elected officials will be interviewed for their political observations.  It is the intention of the Principal Investigators to use the data collected to write at least one article for publication in a refereed journal.  But perhaps a more important outcome is that it is anticipated that data gathered from this pilot study (and future "full-blown" studies) will be used by CSUSB's Leonard Transportation Center to enhance its presence as a major source of transportation data/information to be used by Transportation Planners, Engineers, and policy-makers in the two-county area.
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Policy making
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - San Bernardino County (California)
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230804
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462582
TI  - Transportation Decision-Making in Riverside County
AB  - The purpose of this proposed pilot study is to describe and analyze how current transportation planners in Riverside County make decisions on prioritizing transportation issues and deciding where limited funds are to be spent.  Specifically, this research project will employ a telephone survey of key Transportation Planners, City Engineers, Transportation Managers, and/or Traffic Engineers at the city, county, and regional levels to shed light on sources of information and procedures used by planners when making decisions concerning the relative importance and funding of potential and competing transportation projects.  In addition to surveys of "technical" people, selected elected officials will be interviewed for their political observations.  It is the intention of the Principal Investigators to use the data collected to write at least one article for publication in a refereed journal.  But perhaps a more important outcome is that it is anticipated that data gathered from this pilot study (and future "full-blown" studies) will be used by CSUSB's Leonard Transportation Center to enhance its presence as a major source of transportation data/information to be used by Transportation Planners, Engineers, and policy-makers in the two-county area.
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Policy making
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Riverside County (California)
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230803
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462581
TI  - Transportation and Distribution Systems in the Inland Empire: The Impact of the Port Ensenada Proposals
AB  - Over the last decades the Inland Empire has emerged as a global distribution center with over 700 million square feet of distribution and warehouses under roof. Along with this phenomenal growth, the transportation infrastructure of the region has become over burdened and highly congested. Adding to the growth and an infrastructure stretched thin is the ongoing arrival of super container ships at the ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles. One proposal to lessen the pressure on the Southern California ports has been the expansion and redevelopment of Port Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Once a favored port of cruise ships the port has embarked on moving from principally a passenger destination to becoming a global port facility. The focus of this study is to analyze the impact of Port Ensenada upon the Inland Empire by addressing identifiable consequences upon the transportation infrastructure including highway, rail and shipping utilization and the flow of goods in relation to existing and expected warehouses and distribution centers.
KW  - Container terminals
KW  - Containerships
KW  - Distribution centers
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Port congestion
KW  - Port operations
KW  - Railroad traffic
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Southern California
KW  - Warehouses
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230802
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462580
TI  - Evaluating Service Effectiveness of Bus Lines: A Combined Approach Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
AB  - Public transit is an integral and important component of regional transportation systems. Currently many public transit agencies are under increasing pressure to operate more efficiently as the level of government funding reduces, or as a result of changing ownerships or regulations. This trend has stimulated much research interests to evaluate the performance of public transit systems. A glimpse of the literature reveals that existing research largely focuses on evaluating public transit agencies from management perspectives. Typically, the productivity of a public transit agency, as measured by its operating costs and revenues, is compared with productivities of similar agencies to determine the relative efficiency of the agency. Little attention has been given to the spatial aspects of a public transit system, such as the characteristics of local population, transportation network, employment and recreational destinations, and commuting patterns. However, it is well known that the geographical setting, within which a transit system operates, can exert great impact on its performance and effectiveness. After all, the main goal of a public transit system is to serve people who choose not to use automobiles due to necessity, resource limitation, or other personal reasons. The characteristics of local population, transportation network, and commuting pattern largely determine the passenger demand as well as operational scale for the public transit system. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the performance of public transit systems from the geographical perspective. It is against this background that this study is proposed. The goal is to develop a scientific approach to evaluate the service effectiveness of bus lines, taking into account critical elements in the operational environment. Methodologically, this project aims to integrate geographic information systems (GIS) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). GIS is the digital mapping technology that provides powerful support for spatial analysis and planning. DEA is an optimization-based technique to measure relative efficiencies. The project will mainly address the following three questions: 1. How to identify the service corridor and estimate the potential passenger demand associated with a bus line? 2. How to measure and compare the service effectiveness of bus lines? 3. How to plan transit routes and stops based on the evaluation of bus lines?
KW  - Bus transit
KW  - Bus transportation
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Operating costs
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Regional transportation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transit operating agencies
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230801
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462579
TI  - Preliminaries to a Feasibility Analysis of Southern California Association of Government's Maglev Proposal for the Region
AB  - With a rapidly increasing population, economic expansion, and high levels of roadway and air traffic congestion, the Southern California Association of Government's (SCAG) envisions the use of maglev (a variant of high speed rail) to connect the region's airports and augment the transportation infrastructure. This request is for funding to research background to the issue, identify sources factors and beneficiaries of costs and benefits and design a study to address the feasibility of a "Decentralized High Speed-Connected Airport System" in Southern California. The anticipated product of this study will include documentation of: highlights of the SCAG maglev proposal; components and generalized unit costs of "high speed rail" and bus rapid transit systems; identification of potential sources of funding the connection; and an outline of key elements of a detailed study for the conduct of a feasibility analysis of the proposal. Other outcomes may include a Transportation Research Board (TRB) paper and presentation and materials to respond to requests for proposal at the state and national levels for feasibility studies of high speed rail in this era of high fuel costs.
KW  - Air traffic
KW  - Air traffic control
KW  - Feasibility analysis
KW  - High speed ground transportation
KW  - Magnetic levitation vehicles
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Southern California
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230800
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462578
TI  - Development of a Real Time Crash Risk Model based on Microscopic Traffic Data
AB  - In the research, a real time crash risk model will be developed using microscopic traffic data. Unlike the conventional approaches which employ field-aggregated data over long periods of time, this proposed research is based on microscopic real-time data (obtained from a previous project funded by Caltrans). Binary logistic regression models will be developed to identify the relationship between various traffic flow factors and the probability of traffic disturbances. An alternative approach employing a multi-layer artificial neutral network will also be investigated to characterize different crash types. The results will provide insights into various microscopic traffic flow variables that could be used as crash precursors. Also, based on the findings of this preliminary study, a full grant proposal will be prepared and submitted to Federal and/or State agencies. Our ultimate goal is to develop a metric that is expected to provide a much improved real-time indicator of the instantaneous safety of highway traffic, for both analysis and real-time warning purposes.
KW  - Crash analysis
KW  - Crash risk forecasting
KW  - Microscopic traffic flow
KW  - Real time control
KW  - Real time information
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Risk analysis
KW  - Traffic data
KW  - Traffic flow
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230799
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462577
TI  - Chinese Economic Growth and its Implications for the Goods Movement Industry in California and the Inland Empire
AB  - China's recent economic development and growth are impressive. It is, and for the foreseeable future will remain, the factory of the world. Its government and business culture remain a mystery to most Americans, even to those living on the Pacific Rim. Further, while its infrastructure continues to develop and improve, on other fronts its infrastructure remains a labyrinth to Western firms; and this is one of the reasons companies that specialize in the movement of goods will remain important to the myriad of other firms who do business in or with the Chinese. In summary, China is an important topic, both for those in the goods movement industry and other, to monitor and study. Said firms must study and understand critical areas of transportation and the supply chain such as: 1) Seaport transportation and security 2) Air transportation and security 3) China's own transportation system, and developments thereto 4) Increased off shoring 5) the use of logistics and supply chain support firms 6) The changing value of the RMB in relation to the US dollar 7) Payment and debt collection 8) Recent supply chain liability legal developments 9) The legal resolution of inevitable business disputes arising from these areas and said activities.
KW  - China
KW  - Economic development
KW  - Economic growth
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Inland Empire (California)
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Seaports
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230798
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462576
TI  - Transportation Related Collaboration
AB  - No summary provided.
KW  - California
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - Regional transportation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230797
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462575
TI  - Managing Public Private Partnerships in Transportation: Lessons Learned from California's SR-91
AB  - Compelled by the wide-spread fiscal stress, governments at both state and federal levels have growing interest in public-private partnerships (PPPs) for transportation projects and legislatures are moving forward to open the door to many more such arrangements. Adopting the lens of a principal-agent theorist, this research will trace the evolution of a key California PPP in transportation - the SR-91 project - and discuss the potential pitfalls and challenges that can occur from such arrangements. Through in-depth investigation of the SR-91 case, this research aims at providing lessons for both public and private managers who might at one time or another be involved with PPP agreements. Scope The proposed research will investigate a single pioneering case of PPP which has significant impact to the transportation development of California state as well as nationwide. The study is envisioned as 1) a historical documentation of the evolution of the SR-91 PPP, especially its evolution in recent years; 2) the development of lessons learned from the case that will provide guidance to future PPP transportation projects; and 3) a projection of future trend of using PPP for the development and management of transportation infrastructure and services. Methods The study will involve reviewing the literature on PPPs and transportation development in order to fully investigate the SR-91 PPP. Data collection methods include related existing documents and interviewing key players in the PPP arrangement. The analysis will employ qualitative data documentation and analysis tools. From these analyses, recommendations will be made for public as well as business managers who engage in the practice of PPP. Deliverables Findings will be presented at a conference or event sponsored by the Leonard Transportation Center or a national public management or transportation conference. Research results will also be documented in an intermediate working paper and a final manuscript submitted to a Peer Reviewed Journal (PRJ).
KW  - California
KW  - Development
KW  - Lessons learned
KW  - Peer review
KW  - Project management
KW  - Public private partnerships
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230796
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462574
TI  - Providing Senior Citizens Mobility at Minimum Public Cost
AB  - Demographics trends in the US indicate significant increases in the number of people aged 65 years and over (seniors) and underscore the need to expand senior services. These services will include assisted transportation for older citizens who would no longer drive. Increases in senior demand for demand-responsive services, which tend to be very expensive to provide, will aggravate the financial situation of transit agencies, which already must rely on subsidies to maintain operations. There is the need therefore to devise and adopt innovative mobility services as well as methods of payment to meet the inevitable increase in the needs of seniors. The objective of this study is to examine ways of accomplishing that.
KW  - Aged
KW  - Driving cessation
KW  - Innovation
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transit operating agencies
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230795
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462573
TI  - GIS Best Practices for Transportation Agencies in the Inland Empire of Southern California
AB  - The project has the straightforward goal of adding value to the use of Geographic Information Systems (hereafter GIS) by public and quasi-public transportation agencies in the Inland Empire region, defined for these purposes as San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. Despite evidence of dramatic improvements from the application of GIS in both the operations and efficiency of transportation agencies, the transportation community nationwide has been a late (and as yet partial) adopter of GIS technology. Moreover, there have been no systematic studies of actual transportation agency uses of GIS, or of best practices in transportation agency use of GIS. The project is thus simultaneously extremely practical, and a broadly valuable contribution to the state of knowledge regarding transportation GIS in practice. Two important steps toward achieving the project's goal are to determine current GIS practices by the region's transportation agencies and to establish the state of knowledge regarding best practices for transportation agency use of GIS. A comparison of the two will reveal potential GIS service extensions - a universal wish list of possible GIS applications in transportation. From the potential extensions the research team will recommend a prioritized sequence of GIS service extensions for various agency types and sizes, with an eye toward helping agencies get the most out of their GIS systems given real budget constraints. The final report will be targeted to the regional community of transportation agencies and local policy makers, with an express focus on recommended GIS practices for agencies of varying size and type. The project will also benefit significantly from the GIS and regional research capabilities resident at Cal Poly Pomona. In particular, deliverables will include two products that capitalize on these opportunities. The first is a special workshop on GIS for transportation agencies, sponsored by the Center for the Study of the Inland Empire and targeted to the region's transportation agency professionals and policy makers. The second is a featured content channel on the Regional Research Portal, a web-based geospatial metadata portal currently under construction at the Cal Poly Pomona Center for GIS Research. Accordingly, an important secondary goal of the project is to build lasting links between transportation agencies and professionals in the region and the University's GIS faculty, staff and resources.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Inland Empire (California)
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Southern California
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transportation departments
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230794
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462572
TI  - Interdisciplinary Study of Fuel Cell Technologies
AB  - Degradation mechanisms in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) will be identified and products quantified using an interdisciplinary approach involving a range of experimental techniques including ion chromatography (IC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), polarization curves, and cyclic voltammetry. Increasing the lifetime and performance of fuel cells is a critical research area for alternative energy sources. Two components are of importance in these considerations: the polyelectrolyte membrane and the catalyst. Degradation of membranes is known to limit fuel cell lifetimes; however the mechanism(s) of this degradation isn't known exactly. We propose to study these mechanisms by quantifying the degradation products obtained from ordinary, variable-load operation in a durability test; the products obtained from accelerated degradation using Fenton's reagent; and that obtained from exposure to ionizing radiation such as X-rays. IC will be used to measure fluoride and sulfate in Nafion-type perfluorinated polymers, GC/MS and NMR will be used to identify organic products, and EPR will be utilized to identify radical intermediates. The performance of the fuel cells will be checked with polarization curves. In addition, platinum-based catalyst material will be synthesized and incorporated into fuel cells to observe the effect of catalysis on the degradation products. As an interdisciplinary effort between faculty and students in the departments of chemistry and physics, this project provides invaluable experience and education for students in a future technology area, intimately showing how fundamental research provides advances for society at large. We propose to make the project even more interdisciplinary by adding a M. S. Environmental Studies student to our group. She/he would make a life cycle assessment of fuel cell technology: overall, how much does it cost to implement fuel cells in comparison to conventional power technology?
KW  - Alternate fuels
KW  - Chromatography
KW  - Degradation failures
KW  - Fuel cells
KW  - Proton exchange membrane fuel cells
KW  - Protons
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - X ray analysis
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230793
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462571
TI  - Foundation for Efficient and Effective Decision-Making on Environmental and Logistical Concerns: The Development of a GIS Database and Web Portal
AB  - Approximately 40% of the goods that come into the US come through the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach.  Given a dearth of available building sites close to the harbors, the Inland Empire with its cheap, available land has become a major inland global port.  The proposed research project would build on the Rohm (Inland Empire Logistics GIS Mapping Project-2008) pilot project. Using the projects findings of 41 cities with its specific information and the identification of a questionnaire, this project will be three fold: 1)It will send the questionnaire to the various warehousing and distribution facilities which will include a follow-up interview to obtain th necessary information,2)The information will be coded into a database which can be accessed by a GIS program, 3)A web portal will be designed and built which will allow for the GIS program to be accessed.
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Inland Empire (California)
KW  - Inland waterways traffic
KW  - Inland waterways vessels
KW  - Port of Long Beach
KW  - Port of Los Angeles
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research projects
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230792
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462450
TI  - I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East: Pre-Construction Wildlife Monitoring of Fish Passage
AB  - The purpose of this research will be to collect baseline data regarding fish passage conditions, prior to reconstruction of a segment of I-90, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of fish crossing structures.
KW  - Crossing structures
KW  - Fish passage
KW  - Reconstruction
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Wildlife
KW  - Wildlife crossings
UR  - http://www.westerntransportationinstitute.org/research/4w2279.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230671
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459869
TI  - Development of Multiple Authority Transportation Management Plan
AB  - The goal of this project is to develop a management mechanism and implementation tool. The intent is to allow transportation project managers to use this capability both in the decision making process to avoid and resolve conflicting requirements between the various impacted participants and in the implementation of an efficient and effective project plan. The probability of achieving a successful project would, therefore, be greatly enhanced.
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Management
KW  - Project management
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228084
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459868
TI  - Reconciling the Conflict Between Air Quality and Congestion-Relief Objectives of the Transportation Equity Act (TEA- LU)
AB  - Two important mandates of the US Department of Transportation are to improve air quality and to relieve congestion. Therefore the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ)program was incorporated in the Safe Accountable Flexible efficient Transportation Equity Act-Legacy for Users(SAFETEA-LU) Legislation of 2005. There are various measures available to relieve congestion, e.g. traffic control measures, travel demand management measures, Public transportation investment etc. If done carefully, they may reduce pollution because there will be less stop and go traffic. If they are overdone, they may produce additional vehicle miles traveled(induced traffic)resulting in more air pollution. The objective of this proposed research is to investigate various possible ways of congestion mitigation including public transportation that would provide higher pay off in terms of air quality conformity.
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Air pollution sources
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228083
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459691
TI  - Why Build Affordable TOD? A Toolkit for Educating Residents about TODs and Housing in the Bay Area
AB  - The Bay Area is struggling with how to accommodate future growth--and looking to transit-oriented development (TOD) as a potential solution. Yet, existing research fails to address one of TOD's greatest barriers: the unwillingness of residents to support either transit investment or affordable housing construction in their communities. We will hold focus groups with residents in four communities with planned or proposed TODs to (a) learn about the arguments used against affordable housing around TOD and (b) figure out which approaches elicit the most positive resident responses. The project will culminate with a symposium on affordable housing and TOD for a more general audience of transportation practitioners to be held as a follow-on effort.
KW  - Affordable housing
KW  - City planning
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Residential location
KW  - San Francisco Bay Area
KW  - Sustainable development
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transit oriented development
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227906
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459690
TI  - Group Behavioral Process Identification in the Interaction Between Location Choice and Travel Behavior
AB  - This project fills a critical gap in knowledge of land use, transportation and environment relationships. It exploits recently developed data collection methods to include questions about sense of place, personality, location choices, lifecycle stages, lifestyle choices, and travel behavior in a set of nested surveys for households. In the project we will test hypotheses about the relationships among attitudes, location choices, and travel behavior merging theoretical constructs from environmental psychology, geography, urban economics, and travel behavior. A key research aspect is the analytical identification and description of human interaction within households and the unraveling of household members' roles in decision making. The project will provide guidance for large scale data collection projects by Metropolitan Planning Organizations in the US. It also will provide a stronger theoretical framework for model specification for Integrated Land Use - Transportation - Environment (LTE) models, and will provide insights about the potential of land use policies for travel behavior changes.
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Life cycle analysis
KW  - Location
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Travel behavior
KW  - Travel patterns
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227905
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459689
TI  - Sex, Race, and the Journey to Work: Tracking & Testing Convergence & Divergence Trends Using a National Panel, 1985 to 2005
AB  - This study uses a powerful, newly assembled panel dataset to update and better integrate the literature on the journey to work and its linkages to gender and to race. Dozens of studies of gender and the commute indicate that while women as a group drive more each year, and tend to take more trips than men, the average male commutes farther and longer. Recent studies show limited signs of convergence, but these vary markedly by race and place. Some have argued that the so-called gender gap in commuting actually only applies to white women, and then only to commute times. Spatial mismatch, an interpretive label for how commute lengths differ with race, is alternatively explained by housing discrimination, or by broader economic and cultural factors affecting the distances between minority (especially Black) neighborhoods and employment. Here, too, there have been recent signs of narrowing, though less so in the presence of job decentralization. While gender differences in labor market segmentation are central to this debate, race and gender are rarely examined together. In his study we will analyze these interdependent trends in tandem using individual-level, longitudinal national data containing rich detail on family structure. We will analyze the national sample from the American Housing Survey, comprising 11 waves from 1985 to 2005. The model specification conforms to urban form theory, the model estimation uses panel techniques, and the potential endogeneity of wages and land costs will be addressed statistically.
KW  - Commuters
KW  - Gender
KW  - Labor market
KW  - Neighborhoods
KW  - Race
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Socioeconomic factors
KW  - Travel surveys
KW  - Work trips
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227904
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01220115
AU  - Monaco, Kristen
AU  - Cohen, Jeffrey P
AU  - University of Southern California, Los Angeles
AU  - METRANS Transportation Center
AU  - California State University, Long Beach
AU  - University Transportation Centers Program
AU  - University of Hartford
TI  - Inter-county Spillovers in California’s Ports and Roads Infrastructure
PY  - 2008/08/01
SP  - 23p
AB  - The impact of county-level ports infrastructure investment for the state of California is analyzed using county-level data. Negative externalities from ports tend to be experienced locally, while the positive externalities are felt locally, regionally, and nationally. Estimating county-level production functions for the manufacturing and retail trade industries, the level of ports infrastructure stocks in own and neighboring counties are included as shift variables in the production function. As another form of county interdependency, significant evidence of spatial autocorrelation is tested for and found, and the model is adapted accordingly. Positive impacts from county-level port investment on manufacturing output are identified, while there are mixed spillover effects of port investment in neighboring counties. Counties with large ports experience negative spillovers from increases in neighboring counties’ ports infrastructure. On the other hand, some counties with smaller ports experience significantly positive spillovers from additional neighboring counties’ ports infrastructure stocks, while others with smaller ports experience no significant impact from changes in neighbors’ ports. There are unambiguous positive spillover effects from ports infrastructure on the retail trade sector in adjacent counties.
KW  - California
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Economic models
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - Investments
KW  - Manufacturing
KW  - Marine terminals
KW  - Port of Long Beach
KW  - Port of Los Angeles
KW  - Retail trade
UR  - http://www.metrans.org/research/07-02-inter-county-spillovers-and-ports-and-roads-infrastructure-investment
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/935575
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01110102
AU  - Monaco, Kristen
AU  - Cohen, Jeffrey P
AU  - California State University, Long Beach
AU  - University of Hartford
AU  - METRANS Transportation Center
AU  - University Transportation Centers Program
TI  - Inter-county Spillovers in California's Port and Roads Infrastructure
PY  - 2008/08/01/Final Report
SP  - 23p
AB  - This report presents a county-level analysis of ports and roads infrastructure investment for California. Positive impacts from county-level port investment on manufacturing output is found by estimating county-level production functions for the manufacturing industry. Overall, the authors find that the effects of investment by neighboring counties is is mixed, with some counties having small ports experiencing positive effects, while negative effects are experienced by some counties having larger ports. In addition, the authors find mixed spillover effects of port investment in neighboring counties on counties having no ports.
KW  - California
KW  - Counties
KW  - Economic factors
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - Manufacturing
KW  - Marine terminals
KW  - Ports
KW  - Roads
UR  - http://www.metrans.org/sites/default/files/research-project/07-02%20Final%20Report_0_0.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/865223
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01539575
AU  - Owens, Nicholas
AU  - Newton, Diane
AU  - Armstrong, April
AU  - Symoun, Jennifer
AU  - Zappone, Aaron
AU  - Mitchell, Carol
AU  - Brewster, Rebecca
AU  - McAlister, Sean
AU  - Gay, Joan
AU  - Balkin, Jan
AU  - Todd, William
AU  - Science Applications International Corporation
AU  - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
TI  - Canadian Issue Study Final Project Report
PY  - 2008/08//Final Project Report
SP  - 27p
AB  - This Canadian Issues Final Project Report presents the Final Project Report for the Federal Motor Carriers Safety Administration (FMCSA)-sponsored Canadian Issues Study. The Final Project Report is presented as an Executive Summary of previously submitted deliverables, with an emphasis on the overall applicable Study conclusions, findings, and recommendations. The Final Project Report draws information from the other deliverables prepared for the Study: Deliverable #1 – Regulatory Review Report: This report presents an in-depth legislative/regulatory analysis comparing Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) with the Canadian National Safety Code (NSC) for motor carriers, and the status of provincial implementation of the NSC. Deliverable #2 – Significant Issues Report: This report contains a summary of the major issues that are currently impacting the ability of the two countries to achieve harmony and reciprocity. Deliverable #3 – Past, Present, and Future Collaborative Issues Report: This report presents a detailed history of past, present, and planned future collaborative efforts between the two countries at the Federal, State, and provincial levels of government. Deliverable #4 – Regulatory Compliance Impact Analysis Report: This report analyzes the impact of compliance with FMCSRs on Canadian motor carriers. Deliverable #5 – US/Canadian Cross-Border Motor Carrier Web Page: This is an interactive Web page that provides motor carriers with access to operating and regulatory requirements in each country. Deliverable #6 – Outreach Brochure: This brochure presents information on Web page content, access and use and will be made available to the motor carrier industry in both countries. The report also describes the study objectives, provides a synopsis regarding the methodologies used to conduct study activities, and contains two appendices showing the resulting regulatory comparison between the FMCSA’s Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations with Canada’s National Safety Code, and a sample presentation of the Outreach Brochure that will provide information to US/Canadian drivers relating to commercial vehicle operations for both countries.
KW  - Canada
KW  - Canadian National Safety Code
KW  - Commercial vehicle operations
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations
KW  - Motor carriers
KW  - Regulations
KW  - Trucking safety
KW  - United States
UR  - http://thetbwg.org/downloads/Canadian_Issues_Study_USDOT.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1323873
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01537446
AU  - Elmore, Cecilia
AU  - Center for Transportation Infrastructure and Safety/NUTC program
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Women in Science & Engineering and Minority Engineering Scholarships: Year 2 Report for 2007-2008 Activities
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 5p
AB  - Support made scholarships available to minority and women students interested in engineering and science and significantly increased the number of minority and female students that the Missouri University of Science and Technology can recruit to its science and engineering programs. Recipients of scholarships were also exposed to career opportunities in transportation.
KW  - Education and training
KW  - Engineering
KW  - Females
KW  - Financial aid
KW  - Minorities
KW  - Missouri University of Science and Technology
KW  - Outreach
KW  - Scholarships
KW  - Transportation careers
UR  - http://transportation.mst.edu/media/research/transportation/documents/ETT196_CR.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1322368
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01537417
AU  - Mullapudi, Ravi S
AU  - Center for Transportation Infrastructure and Safety/NUTC program
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - A Finite Element Formulation with Combined Loadings for Shear Dominant RC Structures
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 14p
AB  - Inelastic failure of reinforced concrete (RC) structures under seismic loadings can be due either to loss of flexural, shear or bond capacity. Specifically, the effect of combined loadings can lead to a complex failure mechanism that plays a vital role in concrete mechanics. This report describes the formulation of an inelastic nonlinear beam element with axial, bending, and shear force interaction. The element considers shear deformation and is based on the section discretization into fibers with hysteretic material models for the constituent materials. The steel material constitutive law follows the Menegotto-Pinto model. The concrete material model uses an orthotropic constitutive relation in which the directions of orthotropy are the principal directions of total strain. These directions will change during the loading history, in accordance with the well-known rotating crack model. The concrete model accounts for the biaxial state of stress in the directions of orthotropy, in addition to degradation under reversed cyclic loading. Shear deformations are coupled with bending effects. Transverse strains are internal variables determined by imposing equilibrium at each fiber between the concrete and the vertical steel stirrups. Element forces are obtained by performing equilibrium based numerical integration on section axial, flexural, and shear behavior along the length of the element. In order to establish the validity of the proposed model, correlation studies were conducted between analytical results and experimental tests of columns tested under cyclic loading.  A structural analysis of a shear sensitive bridge pier subjected to ground input motion is also presented.
KW  - Beams
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - Bridge piers
KW  - Columns
KW  - Earthquake resistant design
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Reinforced concrete bridges
KW  - Shear deformation
UR  - http://transportation.mst.edu/media/research/transportation/documents/R203_Mullapadi_CR.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1322364
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01522257
AU  - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel
AU  - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
TI  - Concept of Operations (ConOps) for Wireless Roadside Inspection
PY  - 2008/08//Draft Version
SP  - 104p
AB  - The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) Wireless Roadside Inspection Program will demonstrate the feasibility and value of assessing truck and bus drivers and vehicles 100 times more often than is possible using today’s approaches. The program will evaluate the potential benefits to both the  motor carrier industry and to government. FMCSA has developed a multi-year roadmap for the Wireless Roadside Inspection Program and has organized the program into three major phases with critical “go/no-go” decision points after each. The three phases are (1) Technical Concept Development and Demonstration, (2) Pilot Testing, and (3) Field Operational Testing. As part of the first phase, the program team collaborated with private-sector onboard equipment and service providers to conduct a proof-of-concept test in August 2007. The program is now entering the Pilot Testing phase. This revised draft technical concept of operations reflects changes resulting from lessons learned during phase 1 initial testing and from stakeholder feedback.
KW  - Commercial vehicles
KW  - Feasibility analysis
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Motor carriers
KW  - Stakeholders
KW  - Wireless communication systems
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/51000/51300/51388/WRIConOps_D5-508.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1303886
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01478249
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Managed Lanes: A Primer
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 24p
AB  - This primer is designed for community leaders, key policy makers, transportation agency managers, and those working to find solutions to today’s transportation challenges. This primer focuses on the  following definition of managed lanes: “Managed lanes” are defined as highway facilities or a set  of lanes where operational strategies are proactively implemented and managed in response to changing conditions. Examples of operating managed lane projects include high-occupancy vehicle  (HOV) lanes, value priced lanes, high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, or exclusive or special use lanes. Topics covered in the primer include the following: defining managed lanes, managed lane success stories, issues and challenges unique to managed lanes projects, and the future of managed lanes.
KW  - Access control (Transportation)
KW  - Best practices
KW  - High occupancy vehicle lanes
KW  - Highway operations
KW  - Managed lanes
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/managelanes_primer/managed_lanes_primer.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1247324
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454622
AU  - Villwock, Natalie M
AU  - Blond, Nicolas Paul
AU  - Tarko, Andrzej P
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Risk Assessment of Various Median Treatments of Rural Interstates
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 276p
AB  - This report presents results of a comprehensive study that evaluates the safety impacts of alternative median treatments on rural freeways. Extensive data were obtained from Indiana, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin. The studied median treatments include AASHTO-recommended treatments: depressed medians, depressed medians with high and low tensioned cable barriers, and flush medians with concrete barriers. Other treatments used in the freeway design were also studied: medians with berms, sloped medians, and depressed medians with berms. Negative binomial models were developed to predict the frequency of crashes in three categories: single vehicle (SV), multiple vehicles same direction (MVSD), and multiple vehicles opposite directions (MVOD). Logit models were developed to split the frequency of crashes into two severity categories: fatal/injury crashes and property damage crashes. The obtained results support the findings of previous research that narrowing a freeway median increases the frequency of cross-median crashes. Furthermore, the frequency of MVSD crashes and SV crashes increase on segments with berm median treatments. Sloped median treatments are also attributed with an increase in the SV crashes. The majority of the developed frequency equations have a variable that represents the road curvature; it was primarily the average horizontal curvature. Freeway segments with medians with reduced width tend to experience more severe crashes than segments with wide medians. Curvature, predominately the presence of horizontal curves, also had a significant negative effect on the severity of crashes. Obtained equations can be used by designers and planners to predict the frequency and severity of crashes for alternative median solutions on rural freeways in the states that had contributed the research data. The results of this study help designers and planners select better median treatments on modernized rural freeways that often involve adding traffic lanes, narrowing medians, and installing barriers. The developed equations can be used as part of economic analysis of safety, construction, and maintenance costs.
KW  - Design practices
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Highway factors in crashes
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Interstate highways
KW  - Median barriers
KW  - Medians
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Rural areas
KW  - State departments of transportation
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314231
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218810
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454499
AU  - Day, Christopher
AU  - Smaglik, Edward J
AU  - Bullock, Darcy M
AU  - Sturdevant, James R
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Real-Time Arterial Traffic Signal Performance Measures
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 244p
AB  - Increasing demand for highway system capacity compels transportation agencies to extract as much capacity as possible from existing systems. Traffic signals represent a major component of highway systems. Improvement of traffic signal operation requires accurate performance measures. Despite recent improvements in computing technology, traffic signal controllers are currently not able to capture useful performance measures on a cycle-by-cycle basis. This report presents a set of performance measures that could be collected on a cycle-by-cycle basis by a traffic signal controller given the capability to log phase indications and detector actuations. The performance measures investigated here include the volume-to-capacity ratio and arrival type defined by the Highway Capacity Manual. The effectiveness of these performance measures in evaluating operation at a traffic signal is demonstrated in two comparative case studies. The first study investigates the impact of actuating a portion of the coordinated phases at a coordinated arterial intersection. The second study investigates the results of retiming a traffic signal on a coordinated arterial.
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Real time data processing
KW  - Traffic signal controllers
KW  - Traffic signal cycle
KW  - Traffic signal timing
KW  - Traffic signals
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313439
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218772
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01446298
AU  - MacGowan, John
AU  - Lofgren, Mark
AU  - Vachal, Kimberly
AU  - Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Supplemental Information for NRMR MPOs: Integrating Security into Small MPO Planning Activities
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 47p
AB  - The Cooperative Research Program under the auspices of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials has released a report, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 525, Volume 3 “Incorporating Security into the Transportation Planning Process.” The research conducted for this authoritative treatment of the subject was completed in 2004. Since that time, a number of new programs, most notably in the federal government arena have been completed. It is the purpose of this paper is to supplement the information in the NCHRP report with relevant updated information. This paper describes the initiatives of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) at a fairly high level so that members of Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) can gain an overview understanding of the direction that agency is taking. Similarly, the highway security programs of the U.S Department of Transportation, in conjunction with the DHS, are described. The paper then describes other programs on behalf of other agencies within the federal government, states, and urban areas that have been undertaken.
KW  - Disaster preparedness
KW  - Federal government agencies
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - National security
KW  - Planning
KW  - Security
KW  - State government agencies
KW  - U.S. Department of Homeland Security
KW  - Urban areas
UR  - http://www.ugpti.org/pubs/pdf/DP202.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1213860
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01333324
AU  - Harrington, Ryan
AU  - Lam, Andy
AU  - Nodine, Emily
AU  - Ference, John J
AU  - Najm, Wassim G
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems Light-Vehicle On-Road Test Report
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 39p
AB  - This report presents results from a series of on-road verification tests performed to determine the readiness of a prototype integrated warning system to advance to field testing, as well as to identify areas of system performance that should be improved prior to the start of the field test planned for 2009. Data was collected from tests conducted on public roads using a 2007 Honda Accord equipped with the prototype safety system. The system provides forward crash warning (FCW), lane departure warning (LDW), curve speed warning (CSW), and lane change/merge (LCM) functions, managed by an arbitration function that addresses multiple crash threats. The objectives of the on-road tests were to drive the test vehicle in an uncontrolled driving environment to measure the system’s susceptibility to nuisance alerts, assess alerts in perceived crash situations, and evaluate system availability. The prototype system showed continued improvement in system performance throughout the series of tests conducted between October 2007 and February 2008. Based on positive results from the track-based verification tests conducted in February and these on-road tests, it was recommended that the light-vehicle platform proceed to field testing in Phase II. Additional adjustment of the LCM and LDW warning functions is recommended to further reduce nuisance alerts and improve system robustness.
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Forward collision warning
KW  - Integrated Vehicle Based Safety Systems (Initiative)
KW  - Lane changing
KW  - Lane departures
KW  - Light vehicles
KW  - Merging traffic
KW  - On-road data
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Warning systems
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35200/35272/DOT_HS_811020.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1097262
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01333070
AU  - Harrington, Ryan
AU  - Lam, Andy
AU  - Nodine, Emily
AU  - Ference, John J
AU  - Najm, Wassim G
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems Heavy-Truck On-Road Test Report
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 44p
AB  - This report presents results from a series of on-road verification tests performed to determine the readiness of a prototype integrated warning system to advance to field testing, as well as to identify areas of system performance that should be improved prior to the start of the field test planned for 2009. Data was collected from tests conducted on public roads using an International 8600 heavy truck equipped with the prototype safety system. The prototype system provides forward crash warning (FCW), lane change merge (LCM), and lane departure warning (LDW) functions managed by an arbitration function to address multiple crash threats. The objectives of the on-road tests were to operate the heavy truck in an uncontrolled driving environment to measure the system’s susceptibility to nuisance alerts, assess alerts in perceived crash situations, and evaluate the system availability. Test results revealed significant improvement in system performance throughout the series of tests conducted between September 2007 and March 2008. Based on positive results from the track-based verification tests conducted in February and these on-road tests, it was recommended that the heavy-truck platform proceed to field testing in Phase II. Adjustments to alert timing were recommended to further reduce the number of FCW and LDW nuisance alerts.
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Forward collision warning
KW  - Heavy duty trucks
KW  - Integrated Vehicle Based Safety Systems (Initiative)
KW  - Lane changing
KW  - Lane departures
KW  - Merging traffic
KW  - On-road data
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Warning systems
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35200/35273/DOT_HS_811021.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1097261
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01219958
AU  - Maples, Tracy Bradley
AU  - University of Southern California, Los Angeles
AU  - METRANS Transportation Center
AU  - University Transportation Centers Program
AU  - California State University, Long Beach
TI  - Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks for Port Security
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 41p
AB  - This paper seeks to identify the key issues facing the use of wireless ad hoc sensor networks for port security. A literature survey of ad hoc WSN security applications was conducted resulting in the creation of a taxonomy for WSN security applications. An annotated bibliography of the key publications describing WSN security applications was developed. In addition, an extensive literature survey of security issues in ad hoc WSN technologies is discussed. A summary of the key security vulnerabilities and countermeasures and of current WSN technology is presented following the TCP/IP layers model.
KW  - Marine terminals
KW  - Port operations
KW  - Security
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks)
KW  - Wireless LANs
UR  - http://www.metrans.org/sites/default/files/research-project/AR07-10_Maples_FinalReport_0_0.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/935567
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01219899
AU  - Chang, Hwan
AU  - Jula, Hossein
AU  - Chassiakos, Anastasios
AU  - Ioannou, Petros
AU  - University of Southern California, Los Angeles
AU  - METRANS Transportation Center
AU  - University Transportation Centers Program
TI  - Reconfiguration Strategies for Mitigating the Impacts of Port Disruptions
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 53p
AB  - Marine terminals and ports are designed to meet expected demands during normal operations in order to facilitate the smooth and efficient movement of goods. Disruptive events may affect these normal operations, and terminals, ports and regions must be prepared to mitigate such disruptions in an effort to maintain the movement of goods. Methods of modeling and evaluating disruptions at ports due to natural causes, equipment failure, strikes, or terrorism, are examined and mitigation strategies for reducing the impact of these disruptions on port operations are provided. The authors note that disruptions caused by failure of one or more berths at a terminal within a single port are related to the berth allocation problem (BAP). Heuristic procedures to find an initial feasible solution to the problem of re-routing goods to different berths within a terminal or to different terminals within a port so that the overall port throughput is affected as little as possible are developed. The authors also address the allocation of ships to multiple berths, which is referred to as the terminal allocation problem (TAP).  TAP can be seen as a set partitioning problem. A methodology based on simulated annealing algorithm to solve the TAP is developed.
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Berth utilization
KW  - Disaster preparedness
KW  - Heuristic methods
KW  - Lagrangian functions
KW  - Marine terminals
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Simulated annealing
UR  - http://www.metrans.org/research/07-14-reconfiguration-strategies-mitigating-impacts-port-disruptions
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/935571
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01173865
AU  - Yu, Lei
AU  - Qi, Yi
AU  - Yu, Hongxi
AU  - Guo, Lei
AU  - Chen, Xin
AU  - Texas Southern University, Houston
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Training Strategies and Materials
PY  - 2008/08//Technical Report
SP  - 143p
AB  - TxDOT project 0-5840 “Development of Left-Turn Operations Guidelines at Signalized Intersections” has developed guidelines for recommending the most appropriate left-turn phasing treatments at signalized intersections by investigating all aspects of left-turn operations, including the mode of left-turn signal control, the sequence of left-turn phasing, and the signal displays. To facilitate the implementation of the guidelines developed by this project, training strategies and materials have been developed to provide a training session for TxDOT signal operations and TMC personnel. “Training Strategies” provides details on the purpose, method, scheduling and location for the training. “Training Materials” provides a list of the developed training materials along with the printouts of these training materials. Workshop Section I contains a PowerPoint presentation and workbook materials for Guidelines on Left-Turn Signal Control Mode and Phasing Sequence Selection. Workshop Section II consists of a PowerPoint presentation and workbook materials for Guidelines on Left-Turn Signal Display.
KW  - Education and training methods
KW  - Left turn phase
KW  - Left turns
KW  - Permissive left turn signal display
KW  - Protected left turn signal display
KW  - Signalized intersections
KW  - Traffic signal intervals
UR  - http://itri.tsu.edu/Reports/TxDOT_5840-P1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45800/45879/0-6568-P1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/934257
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01167112
AU  - Ho, Carlton L
AU  - Reckhow, David A
AU  - Wong, Kelvin
AU  - University of Massachusetts, Amherst
AU  - Executive Office of Transportation and Public Works
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Compost for Erosion and Sedimentation Control
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 184p
AB  - It is important to prevent sediment contained in construction site runoff, such as highway construction, from flowing offsite, where it can contaminate wetlands and other receiving waters.  Hay bales and silt fences are commonly used as sedimentation control measures around the perimeter of roadways undergoing construction.  Hay bales and silt fences are MassHighway standard practice for sedimentation control.  Although hay bales and silt fences are typical practices for erosion control, research suggests that compost application, in the form of blanket or berm applications, may perform better for both control of erosion and sedimentation.  The purpose of this research is to determine the environmental acceptability of wood wastes and composted materials from various sources throughout Massachusetts to control erosion.  Nutrient analytes consisted of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus.  Chemical analytes included nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia.  Biological analytes included enterococci and E.coli.  The total suspended solids and pH were also measured.  Further assessment included a statistical analysis of replicate sample data to ensure repeatability of methodology.  Forty total samples were collected.  Synthetic precipitation was passed through each sample and the effluent was collected at various time intervals for analysis.  Overall, concentrations decreased with leaching time, and hay samples were generally higher than compost samples in all categories.  It is significant to mention that the average compost nitrogen-carbon ratio was 1:10, typical for plant organic material.  Unlike compost, hay samples supported significant amounts of microbial re-growth.  The compost leachate was more buffered than the hay leachate.  Replicate sample data for both TOC and TN are supportive of repeatability in test methodology.
KW  - Biodeterioration
KW  - Compost
KW  - Erosion control
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Hay bale
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Sedimentation
KW  - Silts
KW  - Soil nutrients
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/926233
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01162485
AU  - Owens, Nicholas
AU  - Newton, D
AU  - Armstrong, April
AU  - Symoun, J
AU  - Zappone, Aaron
AU  - Science Applications International Corporation
AU  - American Transportation Research Institute
AU  - Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance
AU  - North American Driver Safety Foundation
AU  - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
TI  - Canadian Issues Study Final Project Report
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 27p
AB  - This report presents the Final Project Report for the Federal Motor Carriers Safety Administration (FMCSA)-sponsored Canadian Issues Study. The Final Project Report is presented as an Executive Summary of previously submitted deliverables, with an emphasis on the overall applicable Study conclusions, findings, and recommendations. The Final Project Report draws information from the other deliverables prepared for the Study: Deliverable No. 1 - Regulatory Review Report: This report presents an in-depth legislative/regulatory analysis comparing Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) with the Canadian National Safety Code (NSC) for motor carriers, and the status of provincial implementation of the NSC. Deliverable No.2 - Significant Issues Report: This report contains a summary of the major issues that are currently impacting the ability of the two countries to achieve harmony and reciprocity. Deliverable No. 3 - Past, Present, and Future Collaborative Issues Report: This report presents a detailed history of past, present, and planned future collaborative efforts between the two countries at the Federal, State, and provincial levels of government. Deliverable No. 4 - Regulatory Compliance Impact Analysis Report: This report analyzes the impact of compliance with FMCSRs on Canadian motor carriers. Deliverable No. 5 - US/Canadian Cross-Border Motor Carrier Web Page: This is an interactive Web page that provides motor carriers with access to operating and regulatory requirements in each country. Deliverable No. 6 - Outreach Brochure: This brochure presents information on Web page content, access and use and will be made available to the motor carrier industry in both countries.
KW  - Canada
KW  - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Interstate transportation
KW  - Motor carriers
KW  - Regulations
KW  - Truck traffic
KW  - Trucking
KW  - Trucking safety
KW  - U.S. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
UR  - http://www.thetbwg.org/downloads/Canadian_Issues_Study_USDOT.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/920673
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01159570
AU  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
TI  - 2006 Motor Vehicle Occupant Protection Facts
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 28p
AB  - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has produced this booklet since 2002 to explain the need for legislation, enforcement, education, and public awareness campaigns about protecting children, youth, and young adults in motor vehicles. Collectively, this information underscores why protecting young people is so important. The majority of data in this fact book comes from 2006, the most recent year data were available. It has been generated from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the General Estimates System (GES) produced by the National Center for Statistics and Analysis at NHTSA. Data from NHTSA’s 2007 National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS) is also included. The discussion refers to young people according to the following age groups: Children: newborns to age 7; Youth: 8 to 15 (in some states 15-year-olds are permitted to obtain learner’s permits, so they are sometimes included as “young drivers”); and Young Adults: 16 to 20. The booklet has five main sections: The national scope of motor vehicle crashes; The need for and importance of appropriately sized restraint systems for each age group;  Facts about restraint use for children from birth through 15 years old; Facts about restraint use for young adults ages 16-20; and Biennial telephone survey findings from NHTSA’s 2007 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey (MVOSS) on the behavior, attitudes, and opinions about seat belts and seat belt laws, including those of 16-to 20-year-olds. Three appendices cover state specific information on fatalities, restraint use and child restraint laws.
KW  - Adolescents
KW  - Booster seats
KW  - Child restraint systems
KW  - Children
KW  - Crashes
KW  - Fatality Analysis Reporting System
KW  - General Estimates System
KW  - National Occupant Protection Use Survey
KW  - Primary seat belt laws
KW  - Restraint systems
KW  - Seat belts
KW  - Secondary seat belt laws
KW  - State laws
KW  - Young adults
UR  - http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/Articles/Associated%20Files/810654.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/920122
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01156997
AU  - Yu, L
AU  - Yu, Hai
AU  - Guo, Lei
AU  - Chen, X
AU  - Texas Southern University, Houston
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Left-Turn Operation Guidelines at Signalized Intersections
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 284p
AB  - This project developed guidelines for recommending the most appropriate left-turn phasing treatments at signalized intersections. It investigated all aspects of left-turn operations, including the mode of left-turn signal control, the sequence of left-turn phasing, and left-turn signal displays. Both the operational and safety impacts of different types of left-turn signal operations were analyzed. In the operational impact analysis based on teh results of traffic simulation, cross products of left-turn and opposing through volume (CPOV)-based criteria for selecting the left-turn mode between the protected-only and protected/permissive left-turn modes were developed. In the safety impact analysis, by analyzing the historical accident data collected from more than 100 intersections, the safety performances of different types of left-turn signals phasing treatments and signal displays were ranked. In addition, this project also evaluated the benefits of regional standardization of left-turn operations. It was found that the mixed application of left-turn signal operations, including signal control modes, phasing sequences, and displays, increases the risk of accidents at intersections.
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Highway capacity
KW  - Left turn lanes
KW  - Signalized intersections
KW  - Traffic control
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic flow
KW  - Traffic simulation
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/917281
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01156609
AU  - Hardy, Matthew
AU  - Wunderlich, Karl E
AU  - Noblis
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Traffic Analysis Toolbox Volume VIII: Work Zone Modeling and Simulation—A Guide for Decision-Makers
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 40p
AB  - This document is intended to provide guidance to decision-makers at agencies and jurisdictions considering the role of analytical tools in work zone planning and management. It is often unclear what kind of analytical approach may be of most value, particularly in light of complex data requirements and staff training. The decision to create an analytical capability to support decision making can be a significant investment, and deserves careful consideration. In the end, work zone analysis should never be used to make key decisions but instead developed as a trusted resource for understanding the potential mobility impacts and using this information to inform key decisions.
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Impact studies
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Planning
KW  - Traffic analysis
KW  - Traffic models
KW  - Traffic simulation
KW  - Work zones
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/traffic_analysis/tatv8_wz/tatv8workzone.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/917341
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01150232
AU  - Persad, Khali R
AU  - Walton, C Michael
AU  - Franco, Patricia
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Financing Tools and Partnerships for Rural and Semi-Urban Transportation Projects
PY  - 2008/08//Product
SP  - 83p
AB  - In this research product, financing techniques and partnerships for rural and small urban area transportation projects are presented. This research examined alternative financing options, Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) experience with them, and lessons learned. The results will be of use to TxDOT district staff in developing partnerships with local and private entities to address local needs.
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Construction projects
KW  - Financing
KW  - Lessons learned
KW  - Public private partnerships
KW  - Rural areas
KW  - Small cities
KW  - Texas Department of Transportation
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_6034_P1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/912640
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01142928
AU  - McKeighan, Peter G
AU  - Southwest Research Institute
AU  - Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated
AU  - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
TI  - Mechanical Properties of Tank Car Steels Retired from the Fleet
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 331p
AB  - As a consequence of several recent tank car accidents, the structural integrity of railroad tank cars has come under greater scrutiny, especially the older portion of the fleet fabricated prior to steel normalization requirements.  The purpose of this program was to obtain samples of the steel used for tank car shell and head fabrication in the current tank car fleet.  Once obtained, the dynamic fracture toughness of a subset of material was determined as well as basic material characterization of all samples.  The process of gathering the samples required coordinating with the fleet operators and railroads to obtain pieces of tank cars as they were retired from the fleet.  In total, steel samples from 34 tank cars were received and tested.  The vast majority of the TC128-B samples extracted from retired tank cars met current TC128-B material specifications.
KW  - Railroad cars
KW  - Railroad safety
KW  - Specifications
KW  - Structural analysis
KW  - Structural materials
KW  - Structural steel
KW  - Tank cars
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47500/47510/Mechanical_properties.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/902976
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01142499
AU  - Association of American Railroads
AU  - Federal Railroad Administration
TI  - Generic Wheel/Rail Profiles for Commuter Railroads
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 5p
AB  - The Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) sponsored a program to develop improved wheel and rail profiles specifically for commuter systems. The National Research Council Canada (NRCC) designed wheel profiles improve on the existing profiles of many railroads by: Implementing a 75-degree wheel flange angle to minimize the potential for wheel-climb derailment. Adopting a shape similar to that generated by averaging the thousands of worn wheels analyzed in this program. Both 1:40 and 1:20 thread taper variants are provided. A set of five generic rail templates have also been designed for good compatibility with the NRCC-COM40 wheel. A key goal of these rail profiles is to spread out wear on the wheel to help it retain its favorable shape, at the same time controlling contact stress and wear.
KW  - Derailments
KW  - Flanges
KW  - Railroad commuter service
KW  - Railroad safety
KW  - Railroad transportation
KW  - Rolling contact
KW  - Wheel profiles
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/902726
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01142477
AU  - Association of American Railroads
AU  - Federal Railroad Administration
TI  - Communication Timeout and Latency Effect on Positive Train Control System for the IDOT Corridor
PY  - 2008/08//Research Results
SP  - 4p
AB  - The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) sponsored an independent analysis to evaluate the influence of the communication timeout threshold and latency of the North American Joint Positive Train Control (NAJPTC) system. The analysis focused on the overall safety performance as compared with a cab signal system with continuous Automatic Train Stop (ATS) and a four-aspect cab signal system with speed control, or an Automatic Train Control (ATC) system, configured as currently used in Amtraks Northeast Corridor (NEC). ATS and ATC are known to provide satisfactory levels of safety at speeds up to 110 mph. This study builds upon research described in RR08-01, published in June 2008. The analysis considered the effects of timeout and latency on safety performance with average daily traffic comprised of six passenger trains, between 0.86 and 1.07 Positive Train Control (PTC)-equipped freight trains, and between 0.36 and 2.30 unequipped freight trains, depending on the time of the year and location on the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) Corridor, between N. Ridgley and Mazonia, IL. Maximum speeds considered were 110 mph for passenger trains and 60 mph for freight traffic. PTC latency values (See Background) were allowed to vary from 5 to 20 seconds and communication timeout values extended from 20 to 360 seconds. Conclusions from this risk assessment are for the traffic volume and traffic mix. PTC latency and timeout values considered on this particular corridor, did not have a material effect on safety. Instead non-safety considerations such as route capacity, delay reduction and cost may be the governing factors in specifying timeout and latency. This is contrary to pre-analysis expectations where safety considerations were the primary factors in specifying the maximum acceptable timeout and latency for a PTC system. The analysis also showed that the NAJPTC system, as analyzed, passed the test of being as safe as, or safer than, either the cab signal system with ATS or the NEC ATC system.
KW  - Amtrak
KW  - Automatic train control
KW  - Communication systems
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Latency
KW  - Positive train control
KW  - Railroad traffic
KW  - Railroad transportation
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Train makeup
UR  - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/2065
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/902711
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01140968
JO  - Concrete Pavement Technology Update
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Concrete Overlays—An Established Technology With New Applications
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 12p
AB  - The need for optimizing preservation and rehabilitation strategies used to maintain the Nation’s highway pavements has never been greater. Concrete overlays have a long history of use to preserve and rehabilitate concrete and asphalt pavements, and many of the practices are well established. However, of recent origin are techniques that use thinner concrete overlays with shorter joint spacing. Field experience over more than 15 years with the thinner concrete overlays under a range of traffic and site conditions has demonstrated their viability as a cost-effective solution to extend the service life of deteriorated asphalt and concrete pavements.
KW  - Concrete overlays
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Service life
KW  - Technology transfer
KW  - Thinness
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30500/30548/cptu601.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901045
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01140953
AU  - Jamison, Doug
AU  - Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority
AU  - Federal Transit Administration
TI  - Model Orlando Regionally Efficient Travel Management Coordination Center (MORE-TMCC) Final Report
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 24p
AB  - The Final Technical Report for the Model Orlando Regionally Efficient Travel Management Coordination Center (MORE-TMCC) Phase 1 System Design presents a detailed review of the fifteen month process of designing a travel management coordination center. Its purpose is to provide the goals defined by the Mobility Services for All Americans (MSAA) initiative for a TMCC and the methodology for reaching these goals. MSAA goals included increased accessibility of public transportation and more efficient use of federal resources and funds. MORE-TMCC was one of eight demonstration sites selected to develop a system that is driven by the local community, provides travelers with simplified points of access to transportation, supports coordinated operations and streamlines program management requirements and procedures. The methodology used and the lessons learned during the system design provide other agencies with best practices for the design of a similar system.
KW  - Accessibility
KW  - Financing
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Orlando (Florida)
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Travel
KW  - Travel Management Coordination Center
UR  - http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/MORE-TMCC_Final_Technical_Report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900998
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139445
AU  - Cline, Michael E
AU  - Murdock, Steve H
AU  - Prozzi, Jolanda P
AU  - McCray, John P
AU  - Harrison, Robert
AU  - University of Texas, San Antonio
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Impacts of Current and Future Demographic Change on Transportation Planning in Texas: Final Technical Report
PY  - 2008/08//Final Technical Report
SP  - 88p
AB  - This report provides an overview of the project objectives and methods and summarizes key findings about the demographic trends impacting Texas transportation. In addition, this report summarizes key findings concerning the use of demographic data at the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and related agencies and provides a technical guidebook for the "One-Stop Demographic Data Analysis Tool" created as part of this study.
KW  - Demographics
KW  - Impacts
KW  - Population growth
KW  - Texas
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Trend (Statistics)
UR  - http://idser.utsa.edu/research/txdot/files/txdot0-5392-3final.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899634
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139159
AU  - Kiang, Melody Y
AU  - METRANS Transportation Center
AU  - University Transportation Centers Program
AU  - California Department of Transportation
TI  - Cargo Security Early Warning System: The Application of Neural Networks to Detect Cargoes with Potential Security Fraud
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 33p
AB  - This report describes a study which examined the possibility of applying neural networks as an early warning system for alerting port authorities with cargoes of potential security fraud. Traditional technologies, such as x-ray, radiation scanners, or cameras, have limited capabilities in detecting contraband. A neural networks based early warning system would allow for port personnel to focus efforts on cargoes that are more likely to contain contraband. The report evaluates the feasibility of applying self-organizing map (SOM) networks for building a cargo security warning system capable of identifying cargoes with higher potential of security fraud.
KW  - Cargo handling
KW  - Contraband
KW  - Freight security
KW  - Neural networks
KW  - Warning systems
UR  - http://www.metrans.org/sites/default/files/research-project/AR%2006-03%20Draft%20Final_0_0.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898634
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135484
AU  - Glesbrecht, L H
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Multiple Imputation of Missing Passenger Boarding Data in the National Census of Ferry Operators
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 4p
AB  - The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), a component of the Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA) of the U. S. Department of Transportation (DOT), conducted the National Census of Ferry Operators in 2006. This data collection updated information collected by the Federal Highway Administration in 2000. The resulting database contains ferry operation data for calendar year 2005 along with other sources of ferry data such as the U.S. Coast Guard and the Army Corps of Engineers. Ferry operators were asked about their season of operation, vessel fleet, modes of access to their terminals, and information about the route segments that they serve between terminals such as the route segment length, average trip time, and the number of passengers served.
KW  - Boarding
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Ferry service
KW  - Ferry terminals
KW  - Marine terminals
KW  - Passenger transportation
KW  - Routing
KW  - Ships
KW  - Travel demand
KW  - Water transportation
UR  - http://www.bts.gov/publications/bts_technical_report/2008_004/
UR  - http://www.bts.gov/publications/bts_technical_report/2008_004/pdf/entire.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892102
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135303
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Monthly Motor Fuel Report by States, April 2008
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 14p
AB  - Based on reports of 30 Entities, gasoline consumption for January - April 2008 changed by -0.5 percent compared to the same period in 2007. The gasoline volume shown in this report is a cumulative tabulation of gross volume reported by wholesale distributors to State motor fuel tax agencies. It includes highway use, nonhighway use and losses. There is a lag of up to 6 weeks between the wholesale transactions reported and retail sales to consumers. Travel trends are reported monthly in Traffic Volume Trends based on actual traffic counts at permanent traffic recorders operated by the State highway agencies and reflect highway use of fuel. The vehicle-miles reported include all vehicles, regardless of fuel type. While data in both reports reflect changes in trends, large monthly changes can be caused by exceptional weather conditions, variations in timing of holidays, or processing delays.
KW  - Energy conservation
KW  - Energy consumption
KW  - Fuel taxes
KW  - Gasoline
KW  - Motor fuels
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Traffic distribution
KW  - Traffic volume
KW  - Weather conditions
KW  - Wholesale trade
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894272
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135002
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - I-90 Post Falls access improvements : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/08//Volumes held: Draft
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Idaho
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895752
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134974
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Southern evacuation lifeline, Horry and Georgetown counties : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/08//Volumes held: Draft(fol)
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - South Carolina
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895724
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134869
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - State Route 11 corridor location and route adoption and location identification of the Otay Mesa East Port of Entry on Otay Mesa in the county of San Diego : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/08//Volumes held: Draft, Final
KW  - California
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895619
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134856
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - SR-108, SR-127 (Antelope Drive) to SR-126 (1900 West), Davis and Weber counties : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/08//Volumes held: Draft, Final
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Utah
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895606
ER  -