TY - GEN T1 - Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA): Reauthorization Issues. CRS Issue Brief. AN - 62744120; ED377888 AB - The Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) was the first, and the largest, federal program of assistance to libraries, and as amended in 1990, contains eight titles that authorize aid to public libraries. In 1994, the appropriations authorizations for LSCA programs were extended for one year, but without substantive amendment, by the Improving America's Schools Act (IASA), and will therefore be considered for revision and reauthorization by the 104th Congress. LSCA funds are intended to focus on innovative services, services to populations with special needs, information-sharing networks, and adult literacy activities, and to be used as discretionary funds for special or new services or to purchase new equipment for computer networks. However, for each fiscal year from 1982 through 1995, progressively fewer funds have been requested by the presidential administrations. The primary rationale offered for limiting these funds was that LSCA had served its original purpose of extending basic library services to rural and other previously unserved areas, that LSCA funds represent a very small share of total library funding, and that federal aid to libraries should either be eliminated or limited to a few authorized activities of the highest priority. Nevertheless, Congress has continued to provide appropriations for LSCA, and a 1991 White House Conference on Library and Information Services produced many recommendations for increased federal aid to libraries under the major categories of access, governance, marketing, networking, national information policy, preservation, services, technology, training of end-users, and personnel. In response to these issues, six reauthorization options are proposed for LSCA. Contains four references. (Author/MAS) AU - Riddle, Wayne Y1 - 1994/12/29/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Dec 29 SP - 18 KW - Congress KW - Improving Americas Schools Act 1994 KW - Library Services and Construction Act KW - Presidential Initiatives KW - White House Conference Library Info Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Library Equipment KW - Libraries KW - Access to Information KW - Library Funding KW - Innovation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Federal Government KW - Library Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62744120?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Federal Family Education Loan Programs. CRS Report for Congress. Updated. AN - 62737447; ED378878 AB - This report discusses the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Programs, formerly referred to as the Guaranteed Student Loan (GSL) Programs, which are designed to insure and subsidize loans private lenders make to students and their parents to help them meet the cost of postsecondary education. Chapter 1 outlines the major features of the FFEL Program. Chapter 2 describes the characteristics of three FFEL programs: Federal Stafford loans (subsidized and unsubsidized), Federal PLUS loans, and Federal Consolidated loans. Chapter 3 examines the administration of the FFEL program by lenders and guaranty agencies. Chapter 4 discusses borrower repayment relief, while chapter 5 reviews loan default and its consequences. Two appendixes provide basic program data and default statistics. (MDM) AU - Schenet, Margot A. Y1 - 1994/12/02/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Dec 02 SP - 53 KW - Family Education Loan Program KW - Program Characteristics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Program Descriptions KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Student Loan Programs KW - Loan Repayment KW - Federal Aid KW - Government Role KW - Federal Programs KW - Loan Default KW - Public Policy KW - Eligibility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62737447?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bibliography: Publications on Australian Languages, 1992 AN - 85599355; 9501410 AB - A list of all (122) original scholarly books, papers, & book reviews on traditional & English-based Australian Aboriginal languages. Items not included are general studies with only passing references to Aboriginal languages, short book notices, & secondary reviews. Most of the items listed can be found at the Australian Instit of Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Studies in Canberra. A. Hernandez JF - Australian Journal of Linguistics AU - Triffitt, Geraldine AD - Australian Instit Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Studies, GPO Box 553 Canberra ACT 2601 Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 221 EP - 228 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0726-8602, 0726-8602 KW - Australian Aboriginal languages bibliography KW - Areal Linguistics (03900) KW - Australian Macro Phylum (06450) KW - article KW - 5116: descriptive linguistics; language area studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85599355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Allba&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Bibliography%3A+Publications+on+Australian+Languages%2C+1992&rft.au=Triffitt%2C+Geraldine&rft.aulast=Triffitt&rft.aufirst=Geraldine&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Linguistics&rft.issn=07268602&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - AJLIDB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Areal Linguistics (03900); Australian Macro Phylum (06450) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sex, alcohol and violence: a community collaborative action against striptease shows. AN - 77837050; 7646656 AB - Between September 1988 and February 1989, Anyinginyi Congress, an Aboriginal community-controlled health organisation, facilitated a collaborative community action against striptease shows in public bars in Tennant Creek. This action resulted in changes to the guidelines of the Northern Territory Liquor Act to regulate striptease shows in public bars and began other processes of addressing alcohol related problems in the community. The composition and strategies of both the pro- and anti-striptease lobbies are analysed within the context of changing power relationships between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people, as epitomised in the growth and consolidation of Aboriginal community-controlled organisations in Tennant Creek. The role of the media in shaping the course and direction of the debates as well as the response of the Northern Territory government as the final arbiter in the striptease conflict are scrutinised. The use of sex to sell alcohol is a legitimate public health concern and community action for healthier public policy is an important strategy in creating supporting environments for health. JF - Australian journal of public health AU - Boffa, J AU - George, C AU - Tsey, K AD - Central Australian Aboriginal Congress, Alice Springs. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 359 EP - 366 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1035-7319, 1035-7319 KW - Index Medicus KW - Attitude to Health KW - Politics KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Humans KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- prevention & control KW - Oceanic Ancestry Group KW - Primary Health Care KW - Public Policy KW - Northern Territory KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control KW - Mass Media KW - Male KW - Female KW - Violence -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Public Health KW - Violence -- prevention & control KW - Alcohol Drinking -- prevention & control KW - Community Participation -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Sex KW - Alcohol Drinking -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77837050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Sex%2C+alcohol+and+violence%3A+a+community+collaborative+action+against+striptease+shows.&rft.au=Boffa%2C+J%3BGeorge%2C+C%3BTsey%2C+K&rft.aulast=Boffa&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=10357319&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Aust J Public Health. 1995 Apr;19(2):217 [7786953] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - A Study of Selected Nonsampling Errors in the 1991 Survey of Recent College Graduates. Technical Report. AN - 62742070; ED379314 AB - The 1991 Survey of Recent College Graduates (RCG:91) is the sixth study in a series begun in 1976. The series provides data on the occupational and educational outcomes of recent bachelor's and master's graduates one year after graduation. The survey was conducted by Westat, Inc. in a two-stage sample involving 400 institutions of higher education and 18,000 graduates contacted by telephone. Along with estimates, reports on the RCG typically include standard errors of the estimates, indicating the nature and size of sampling error. Errors due to nonsampling error are often not included in estimated standard errors, but this report examines nonsampling errors and their impact on the estimates from the RCG:91. The major sources of nonsampling errors are nonresponse, random measurement errors, and systematic errors due to interviewers. Each source is discussed, and ways to estimate the potential consequences of nonsampling errors are explored. Nine figures, 19 tables, and 3 exhibits present statistical information. Eight appendixes contain supplemental and detailed information about the conduct of the survey. (SLD) AU - Brick, Michael J. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 191 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-95-640 KW - Nonsampling Errors KW - Recent College Graduates Survey 1991 (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Estimation (Mathematics) KW - Research Methodology KW - Masters Degrees KW - Error of Measurement KW - College Graduates KW - Higher Education KW - Sampling KW - National Surveys KW - Interviews KW - Outcomes of Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62742070?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Curricular Differentiation in Public High Schools. Fast Response Survey System. E.D. Tabs. AN - 62739356; ED379338 AB - This report contains tabular summaries based on data collected from the Survey of High School Curricular Options. The national survey was conducted in response to the growing controversy over the implications that curriculum differentiation, or tracking, has for American school children. The tables present statistics on the policies and practices of public secondary schools (schools containing grades 10 through 12) regarding curricular options. A national sample of 912 schools replied to the survey. Most are offering core curriculum courses differentiated in terms of content, quantity, or intensity of work, or expectations regarding independent work, but only 15% of schools identified themselves as having traditional tracking policies. Many schools report some student mobility among ability levels in mathematics and English after grade 10, but it frequently happens that the same students are assigned to highest-level ability courses in mathematics and English. Thirteen detailed tables contain survey findings. Four appendixes present supporting information and the questionnaire. (SLD) AU - Carey, Nancy Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 50 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-95-360 KW - Curriculum Differentiation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - National Surveys KW - Core Curriculum KW - English KW - Student Placement KW - Mathematics KW - Public Schools KW - Track System (Education) KW - High Schools KW - Educational Practices KW - Educational Policy KW - Tables (Data) KW - Ability Grouping UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62739356?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - A Profile of the American High School Sophomore in 1990. National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. AN - 62737983; ED380515 AB - This report profiles the American high school sophomore in the 1989-90 school year using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study. It describes the tested achievement of sophomores in mathematics and patterns of course-taking in mathematics, as well as English, science, and social studies. The report summarizes sophomore reports of how they and their families make decisions about school, work, and college plans. Also examined are sophomores' reports of their future plans, including educational expectations. Just over 11% were not able to perform simple arithmetic operations on whole numbers, but about one-fourth had mastered simple problem solving, but not complex problem solving. Just over 22% had achieved the highest level of mathematics mastery, that is, conceptual understanding and complex problem solving. Geometry and foreign language were among the key "gatekeeper" courses for college admission. Overall, gender differences were small, but students did differ in mathematics achievement by socioeconomic status and by high school program placement. While black and white students had similar educational expectations, blacks were much less likely to have taken geometry and foreign languages. Student characteristics are displayed in 29 tables and 12 figures. Five appendixes present supplemental information. (Contains 69 references.) (SLD) AU - Ingels, Steven J. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 308 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendentof Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP: Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160454441 KW - High School Sophomores KW - National Education Longitudinal Study 1988 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Grade 10 KW - Blacks KW - Student Characteristics KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Social Studies KW - Academic Achievement KW - Second Language Learning KW - Racial Differences KW - English KW - Mathematics KW - Whites KW - Sciences KW - Profiles KW - High Schools KW - Sex Differences KW - Course Selection (Students) KW - Statistical Data KW - College Preparation KW - High School Students KW - Achievement Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62737983?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Qualifications of the Public School Teacher Workforce: 1988 and 1991. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62734935; ED377197 AB - The quality of student/teacher interactions, in effect, the quality of learning, is greatly affected by the qualities (characteristics, qualifications, attitudes, and skills) of teachers. The Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), conducted by the National Center for Educational Statistics, collected information that enables an analysis of teacher qualifications and the proportion of students being taught by less than fully qualified teachers. This document presents four analyses of teacher qualifications using data from the 1987-88 SASS and the 1990-91 SASS. All four analyses look at the interaction of academic preparation in the field taught and certification to teach in that field. The first two analyses focus on teachers' qualifications to teach in their main assignment field, or the field in which they teach the most classes, while the final two analyses focus on secondary teachers' qualifications to teach individual subjects they are assigned to teach during the school day. Each analysis then yields a table showing whether or not the teacher is certified in the field, and whether or not he or she has academic preparation in the field. Data for each of the four cells generated (certified, prepared; certified, not prepared; not certified, prepared; and not certified, not prepared) are provided. (LL) Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 43 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160454360 KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Intellectual Disciplines KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Public School Teachers KW - Secondary School Students KW - Secondary School Teachers KW - Teacher Effectiveness KW - Secondary Education KW - Teacher Certification KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Teacher Qualifications KW - Misassignment of Teachers KW - Teacher Education Programs KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62734935?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Presidential vetoes, 1989-1994 T2 - S. pubn. 103-13 AN - 59683040; 1995-0300090 AB - Comprehensive listing of presidential vetoes of legislation enacted by the 101st to the 103d Congresses. JF - Superintendent of Documents, December 1994. xii+24 pp. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 EP - xii+24 PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - Executive-legislative relations -- United States KW - United States -- President -- Relations with Congress KW - United States -- President -- Veto UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59683040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xii%2B24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Presidential+vetoes%2C+1989-1994&rft.title=Presidential+vetoes%2C+1989-1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs N1 - Document feature - table(s), index(es) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bibliography: Publications on Australian Languages, 1993 AN - 58279877; 9601362 AB - A bibliography of 1993 publications on Australian languages is provided, covering material found in scholarly books, papers, & book reviews about Australian Aboriginal languages. Various genres of research not normally included in the bibliography are listed. It is noted that most of the featured works are available at the library of the Australian Instit of Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Studies in Canberra. Instructions for those wishing to make additions or corrections are given. Abbreviations used in the bibliography are explained. D. Weibel JF - Australian Journal of Linguistics AU - Triffitt, Geraldine AD - Australian Instit Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Studies, GPO Box 553 Canberra ACT 2601 Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 253 EP - 258 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0726-8602, 0726-8602 KW - Australian Aboriginal languages bibliography KW - History of Linguistics (32150) KW - Australian Macro Phylum (06450) KW - article KW - 5116: descriptive linguistics; language area studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58279877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Allba&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Bibliography%3A+Publications+on+Australian+Languages%2C+1993&rft.au=Triffitt%2C+Geraldine&rft.aulast=Triffitt&rft.aufirst=Geraldine&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Linguistics&rft.issn=07268602&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - AJLIDB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - History of Linguistics (32150); Australian Macro Phylum (06450) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms associated with human alveolar macrophage stimulation by particulates. AN - 21275387; 11701582 AB - Asbestos and silica are well-known fibrogenic dusts. However, there is no comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular events that lead to fibrosis as a consequence of asbestos or silica inhalation. Previous studies have shown that asbestos stimulates superoxide anion production in alveolar macrophages through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway. In contrast, silica does not appear to activate this pathway nor stimulate superoxide anion production, but silica does stimulate cytokine release by some undetermined pathway. Therefore, using human alveolar macrophages isolated from normal healthy volunteers, we evaluated the potential involvement of intracellular calcium and tyrosine kinases as potential signal transduction pathways. In the absence of serum, crystalline silica, and to a lesser extent amorphous silica, caused a rapid and dose-dependent elevation of intracellular calcium coming from the extracellular space. However, in the presence of serum, which is required for silica-stimulated cytokine release, neither form of silica caused noticeable elevation of intracellular calcium. Silica, however, did increase the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation, most notably of proteins at approximately 46 and 50 kDa, suggesting activation of a tyrosine kinase pathway. Preincubation of alveolar macrophages for 24 hr with silica-primed human alveolar macrophages for enhanced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) release stimulated by endotoxin (LPS) that was dose dependent. The enhanced LPS-stimulated release of IL-1 beta correlated with enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Taken together, these results indicate that a tyrosine kinase pathway is activated during silica stimulation of human alveolar macrophages. Images Figure 4. A Figure 4. B JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Holian, A AU - Kelley, K AU - Hamilton, R F AD - Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston 77225. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 69 EP - 74 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Endotoxins KW - Protein kinase C KW - Inhalation KW - Calcium KW - Anions KW - Fibrosis KW - Phospholipase C KW - Interleukin 1 KW - Particulates KW - Dust KW - Phosphorylation KW - silica KW - Protein-tyrosine kinase KW - Cytokines KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - MAP kinase KW - Asbestos KW - Alveoli KW - Calcium (intracellular) KW - Silica KW - Proteins KW - superoxide anions KW - Signal transduction KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous KW - F 06910:Microorganisms & Parasites KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21275387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+associated+with+human+alveolar+macrophage+stimulation+by+particulates.&rft.au=Holian%2C+A%3BKelley%2C+K%3BHamilton%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Holian&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+10&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Protein kinase C; Endotoxins; Macrophages; Asbestos; MAP kinase; Fibrosis; Phospholipase C; Interleukin 1; Alveoli; Dust; Calcium (intracellular); Silica; Phosphorylation; Protein-tyrosine kinase; Lipopolysaccharides; Cytokines; superoxide anions; Signal transduction; Anions; Calcium; silica; Proteins; Particulates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluoromicroscopic studies of bleomycin-induced intracellular oxidation in alveolar macrophages and its inhibition by taurine. AN - 21274831; 11704898 AB - The mechanism of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is not yet clear. Recent studies have shown that alveolar macrophages (AM) can be stimulated by bleomycin in vitro releasing inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that the interaction of bleomycin with AM is an important step in the drug-induced fibrotic process. Bleomycin is known to bind DNA and generate oxygen radicals through complexation with Fe2+ and oxygen. To provide more insight into the cellular oxidative property of bleomycin, we have developed a fluoromicroscopic method using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFHDA) as an oxidative fluorescence probe to study the bleomycin-induced intracellular oxidation in rat AM and the inhibition of the oxidation by taurine, a compound known to inhibit the bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Bleomycin at 5 to 20 micrograms/ml has a moderate stimulatory effect (1.87- to 2.66-fold) on the secretion of superoxide anion. A high concentration of bleomycin (20 micrograms/ml), however, inhibits cell response to zymosan-induced secretion of superoxide anion. At 4 micrograms/ml, bleomycin has no effect on cell membrane integrity or morphology but results in a significant increase in intracellular oxidation. This oxidative process is Fe(2+)-dependent and is accompanied by an increase in intracellular calcium (35 nM). Both the intracellular oxidation and calcium rise induced by internalized bleomycin are inhibited by pretreatment of cells with varying concentrations of taurine (25, 125, and 187.5 microM). The inhibitory effect on intracellular oxidation was found to be 36, 57, and 60%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bhat, M AU - Rojanasakul, Y AU - Weber, S L AU - Ma, J Y AU - Castranova, V AU - Banks, D E AU - Ma, J K AD - School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 91 EP - 96 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Oxygen KW - Anions KW - Calcium KW - Membranes KW - Fluorescence KW - Oxidation KW - Morphology KW - DNA KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21274831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Fluoromicroscopic+studies+of+bleomycin-induced+intracellular+oxidation+in+alveolar+macrophages+and+its+inhibition+by+taurine.&rft.au=Bhat%2C+M%3BRojanasakul%2C+Y%3BWeber%2C+S+L%3BMa%2C+J+Y%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BBanks%2C+D+E%3BMa%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Bhat&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+10&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxygen; Fluorescence; Membranes; Calcium; Anions; Morphology; Oxidation; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic and Molecular Ecotoxicology: A Research Framework AN - 21270326; 11704902 AB - Participants at the Napa Conference on Genetic and Molecular Ecotoxicology assessed the status of this field in light of heightened concerns about the genetic effects of exposure to hazardous substances and recent advancements in our capabilities to measure those effects. We present here a synthesis of the ideas discussed throughout the conference, including definitions of important concepts in the field and critical research needs and opportunities. While there were many opinions expressed on these topics, there was general agreement that there are substantive new opportunities to improve the impact of genetic and molecular ecotoxicology on prediction of sublethal effects of exposure to hazardous substances. Future studies should emphasize integration of genetic ecotoxicology, ecological genetics, and molecular biology and should be directed toward improving our understanding of the ecological implications of genotoxic responses. Ecological implications may be assessed at either the population or ecosystem level; however, a population-level focus may be most pragmatic. Recent technical advancements in measuring genetic and molecular responses to toxicant exposure will spur rapid progress. These new techniques have considerable promise for increasing our understanding of both mechanisms of toxicity on genes or gene products and the relevance of detrimental effects to individual fitness. a Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 12):3a8 (1994) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Anderson, Susan AU - Sadinski, Walter AU - Shugart, Lee AU - Brussard, Peter AU - Depledge, Michael AU - Ford, Tim AU - Hose, JoEllen AU - Stegeman, John AU - Suk, William AU - Wirgin, Isaac AU - Wogan, Gerald Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 3 EP - 8 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - genetic KW - molecular KW - ecotoxicology KW - biomarkers KW - genotypes KW - genotoxic KW - global pollution KW - populations KW - ecosystems KW - biodiversity KW - hazardous substances KW - Prediction KW - Fitness KW - Ecosystems KW - Toxicants KW - Integration KW - Research Priorities KW - Sublethal Effects KW - Exposure KW - sublethal effects KW - Synthesis KW - Conferences KW - Genotoxicity KW - Toxicity KW - molecular biology KW - Ecological genetics KW - Spurs KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - genetic effects KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21270326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+Molecular+Ecotoxicology%3A+A+Research+Framework&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Susan%3BSadinski%2C+Walter%3BShugart%2C+Lee%3BBrussard%2C+Peter%3BDepledge%2C+Michael%3BFord%2C+Tim%3BHose%2C+JoEllen%3BStegeman%2C+John%3BSuk%2C+William%3BWirgin%2C+Isaac%3BWogan%2C+Gerald&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+12&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fitness; Integration; Toxicants; Conferences; Genotoxicity; Toxicity; Ecological genetics; ecotoxicology; genetic effects; sublethal effects; molecular biology; Prediction; Research Priorities; Ecosystems; Sublethal Effects; Exposure; Water Pollution Effects; Synthesis; Spurs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-1-mediated acute lung injury and tolerance to oxidative injury. AN - 21270273; 11701588 AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a highly potent molecule that has a myriad of effects in biologic systems. This brief review describes some of our findings on the effects of IL-1 in biologic systems. On the one hand, IL-1 treatment caused a neutrophil-dependent acute edematous lung injury that resembled changes in the lungs of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). On the other hand, IL-1 pretreatment conferred a tolerance to lung oxidative lung injury and ischemia-reperfusion insults--again conditions manifest in sick patients. The potential mechanisms responsible for these seemingly paradoxical influences of IL-1 are described and related to possible strategies for the treatment of patients with ARDS, ischemia-reperfusion disorders, and other oxidant-mediated conditions. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Repine, J E AD - Webb-Waring Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 75 EP - 78 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Lung KW - Reviews KW - Interleukin 1 KW - Respiratory distress syndrome KW - F 06935:Development, Aging & Organ Systems KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21270273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Interleukin-1-mediated+acute+lung+injury+and+tolerance+to+oxidative+injury.&rft.au=Repine%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Repine&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+10&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Lung; Interleukin 1; Respiratory distress syndrome; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The wildlife/human connection: modernizing risk decisions. AN - 21268643; 11703526 AB - This article proposes that genetic and molecular ecotoxicology can play an important role in making policy and risk assessment decisions concerning xenobiotics. It calls for a greater awareness by ecotoxicologists to the effects in wildlife and humans resulting from transgenerational exposure to synthetic chemicals that interfere with gene expression and differentiation. The difficulty of recognizing these effects on the endocrine, immune, and nervous systems in developing embryos is described and suggests why effects of this nature have traditionally not been addressed when determining risk to synthetic chemicals. Specific examples are cited of environmental effects on hormonally responsive tissue in wildlife populations which could be used as models for assessing human exposure to synthetic chemicals. Evidence is presented that the environmental load of synthetic chemicals has reached critical levels at which wildlife and human health are at risk. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Colborn, T AD - World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037, USA. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 55 EP - 59 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Risk assessment KW - ecotoxicology KW - Wildlife KW - Embryos KW - Xenobiotics KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21268643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+wildlife%2Fhuman+connection%3A+modernizing+risk+decisions.&rft.au=Colborn%2C+T&rft.aulast=Colborn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+12&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Chemicals; ecotoxicology; Wildlife; Embryos; Xenobiotics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generation of oxygen radicals by minerals and its correlation to cytotoxicity. AN - 21268626; 11703516 AB - Occupational exposure to mineral dust causes pneumoconiosis and other diseases. A cytotoxicity assay to predict the potential of minerals to cause disease would be of great value as a prevention strategy. This study compares the ability of several minerals to generate the more potent oxidizing agent, hydroxyl radical (.OH), and their cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation potentials. Crystalline silica, the most potent cytotoxic and pathogenic mineral studied, showed the least ability to generate .OH radicals while inducing the maximal lipid peroxidation. Coal mine dust, showing the maximal ability to generate .OH radicals, was the least cytotoxic in bioassays of toxicity and induction of lipid peroxidation. Based on these results, it would appear that the ability of minerals to induce lipid peroxidation provides a better correlation with known cytotoxicity and pathogenicity of minerals than does their ability to generate oxygen radicals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 111 EP - 115 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Lipids KW - Pneumoconiosis KW - Coal KW - Toxicity KW - peroxidation KW - Mines KW - Dust KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - Oxygen KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Bioassays KW - silica KW - prevention KW - Minerals KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21268626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Generation+of+oxygen+radicals+by+minerals+and+its+correlation+to+cytotoxicity.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+10&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lipids; Pneumoconiosis; Toxicity; Coal; Mines; peroxidation; Dust; Hydroxyl radicals; Oxygen; Cytotoxicity; Bioassays; silica; prevention; Minerals; Occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of within-group variation in CYP1A mRNA inducibility in environmentally exposed and chemically treated Atlantic tomcod. AN - 21264255; 11703524 AB - CYP1A gene expression has been implicated in the processing of environmental procarcinogens and levels of variation in CYP1A mRNA expression are high in both environmentally exposed and chemically treated Atlantic tomcod. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical and biological parameters such as temperature, sex, and reproductive state on within-group variation in CYP1A mRNA induction. Levels of variation in CYP1A mRNA expression were directly correlated with mean levels of gene induction. Our results indicate that sex and reproductive state, but not temperature, had significant effects on CYP1A mRNA inducibility in tomcod; however, these parameters did not account for all interindividual variation in CYP1A inducibility. Other intrinsic biological factors, such as genetic polymorphisms in molecular pathways leading to CYP1A induction, may contribute to the high levels of interindividual variation in CYP1A inducibility in Atlantic tomcod. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Courtenay, S AU - Williams, P J AU - Grunwald, C AU - Konkle, B AU - Ong, T L AU - Wirgin, I I AD - Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Moncton, New Brunswick. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 85 EP - 90 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Gene expression KW - CYP1A protein KW - Gene polymorphism KW - Temperature KW - Cytochrome P450 KW - A, Atlantic KW - Sex KW - N 14830:RNA KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21264255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+within-group+variation+in+CYP1A+mRNA+inducibility+in+environmentally+exposed+and+chemically+treated+Atlantic+tomcod.&rft.au=Courtenay%2C+S%3BWilliams%2C+P+J%3BGrunwald%2C+C%3BKonkle%2C+B%3BOng%2C+T+L%3BWirgin%2C+I+I&rft.aulast=Courtenay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+12&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Temperature effects; CYP1A protein; Gene polymorphism; Cytochrome P450; Sex; Temperature; A, Atlantic ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nondestructive biomarkers in ecotoxicology. AN - 21261892; 11701599 AB - The aim of this article is to attempt a concise review of the state of the art of the nondestructive biomarkers approach in vertebrates, establishing a consensus on the most useful and sensitive nondestructive biomarker techniques, and proposing research priorities for the development and validation of this promising methodology. The following topics are discussed: the advantages of the use of nondestructive strategies in biomonitoring programs and the research fields in which nondestructive biomarkers can be applied; the biological materials suitable for nondestructive biomarkers and residue analysis in vertebrates; which biomarkers lend themselves to noninvasive techniques; and the validation and implementation strategy of the nondestructive biomarker approach. Examples of applications of this methodology in the hazard assessment of endangered species are also presented. Images Figure 1. C JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fossi, M C AD - Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, University of Siena, Italy. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 49 EP - 54 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Water Pollution KW - Residues KW - Toxicity KW - Hazards KW - ecotoxicology KW - Research Priorities KW - Assessments KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Reviews KW - Endangered species KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Nondestructive+biomarkers+in+ecotoxicology.&rft.au=Fossi%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Fossi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+12&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; ecotoxicology; Residues; Reviews; Endangered species; Hazards; Water Pollution; Research Priorities; Assessments; Water Pollution Effects; Toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of renal metabolism in risk to toxic chemicals. AN - 21261868; 11701593 AB - The kidneys are capable of carrying out extensive oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation reactions. Renal cortex has high activities of cytochrome P450 and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase. In contrast, renal medulla has high activity of prostaglandin synthetase, which can catalyze co-oxidation of xenobiotics. While these pathways are found in many tissues and at higher activities than in kidney, several key enzymes of the mercapturic acid pathway are found at especially high activities in cells of the renal proximal tubule. Investigations over the last two decades demonstrated that GSH conjugation is not only a mechanism for detoxification of reactive electrophiles. Rather, metabolism of GSH S-conjugates to the corresponding cysteine S-conjugates represents a branch point: cysteine S-conjugates may be metabolized by the cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyl-transferase to mercapturic acids, which are nontoxic and are excreted, or they may be substrates for the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, which catalyzes either a beta-elimination or a transamination reaction to produce unstable thiols. These thiols rearrange to form potent acylating species that can covalently bind to cellular macromolecules, thereby producing cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. In addition to the beta-lyase, two other renal enzymes, L-2-amino (2-hydroxy) acid oxidase and cysteine conjugate S-oxidase, can bioactivate chemicals to produce nephrotoxic species. Several halogenated alkanes and alkenes are bioactivated by these pathways. These findings show that mammalian kidney is highly active in bioactivation of xenobiotics. Although the properties of the corresponding enzymes in humans may differ, it is clear that renal metabolism can be a critical determinant of risk to chemical injury. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lash, L H AD - Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 75 EP - 79 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Detoxification KW - Macromolecules KW - Injuries KW - Glutathione KW - renal cortex KW - Xenobiotics KW - Proximal tubules KW - Carcinogenicity KW - alkenes KW - Thiols KW - Alkanes KW - Mutagenicity KW - Prostaglandins KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrolysis KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Cytochrome KW - Cysteine KW - Oxidation KW - Kidney KW - Cytochrome P450 KW - Metabolism KW - X 24490:Other KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Role+of+renal+metabolism+in+risk+to+toxic+chemicals.&rft.au=Lash%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Lash&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+11&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alkanes; Detoxification; Mutagenicity; Macromolecules; Injuries; renal cortex; Glutathione; Prostaglandins; Enzymes; Xenobiotics; Hydrolysis; Cytotoxicity; Proximal tubules; Cysteine; Carcinogenicity; Thiols; Oxidation; Kidney; Cytochrome P450; Metabolism; Chemicals; Cytochrome; alkenes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population genetic structure and ecotoxicology. AN - 21261474; 11703523 AB - Electrophoretic analyses of population genetic structure, both in the laboratory and in the field, have documented significant shifts in allozyme genotype frequencies in a variety of aquatic taxa as a result of environmental impacts. Studies are documented which indicate that contaminants may select for individuals with tolerant allozyme genotypes, causing the potential loss of individuals with sensitive genotypes. This may diminish the genetic variability and fitness of affected populations and make them more susceptible to extinction following a subsequent stress. Future research involving population genetic structure and ecotoxicology should focus on determining the mechanism of sensitivity, documenting multigenerational effects of chronic laboratory exposure on population genetic composition, investigating whether previously stressed and genetically impacted populations are more susceptible to further natural and/or anthropogenic stressors, and establishing the utility of population genetic structure as a sensitive monitor of impacts in aquatic systems and their subsequent remediation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Guttman, S I AD - Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 97 EP - 100 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fitness KW - Variability KW - Bioremediation KW - taxa KW - Genotypes KW - Utilities KW - ecotoxicology KW - Population genetics KW - Pollutants KW - Isoenzymes KW - extinction KW - Sensitivity KW - Extinction KW - anthropogenic factors KW - Laboratories KW - Aquatic Populations KW - Environmental impact KW - Stress KW - Toxicity KW - Aquatic environment KW - population genetics KW - Structure KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Remediation KW - Contaminants KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Population+genetic+structure+and+ecotoxicology.&rft.au=Guttman%2C+S+I&rft.aulast=Guttman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+12&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fitness; Population genetics; Extinction; Environmental impact; Isoenzymes; Stress; Genotypes; Contaminants; Sensitivity; ecotoxicology; population genetics; Bioremediation; anthropogenic factors; extinction; taxa; Aquatic environment; Variability; Pollutants; Laboratories; Water Pollution Effects; Structure; Remediation; Aquatic Populations; Toxicity; Utilities ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation of the respiratory burst oxidase. AN - 21260491; 11701584 AB - The respiratory burst oxidase of phagocytes and B lymphocytes catalyzes the reduction of oxygen by NADPH to form O2-, the precursor of a group of reactive oxidants that are employed by phagocytes as microbicidal agents. The enzyme is active in stimulated cells but dominant in resting cells. It molecular weight guanine nucleotide-binding protein. The components p22phox and gp91phox from cytochrome b558, a flavohemoprotein that resides in the cortical cytoskeleton and in the membranes of the specific granules. The other components are found in the cytosol of resting cells, but migrate to the cortical cytoskeleton when the neutrophils are activated, where they assemble the active oxidase. Migration to the cortical cytoskeleton is caused in part by the appearance of a membrane binding site on one or more of the cytosolic subunits, possibly due to the phosphorylation of p47phox that takes place during cell activation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Babior, B M AD - Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 53 EP - 56 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts KW - Granules KW - Lymphocytes KW - respiratory burst oxidase KW - Cell activation KW - Leukocyte migration KW - Cytoskeleton KW - Cortex KW - Phosphorylation KW - Phagocytes KW - Molecular weight KW - Cell migration KW - migration KW - cytochrome b558 KW - Membranes KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - Guanine nucleotide-binding protein KW - Enzymes KW - NADP KW - Oxygen KW - Cytochrome KW - Cytosol KW - Proteins KW - Oxidants KW - microbicides KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Activation+of+the+respiratory+burst+oxidase.&rft.au=Babior%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Babior&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+10&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Granules; cytochrome b558; Lymphocytes B; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Enzymes; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein; respiratory burst oxidase; NADP; Cell activation; Cytoskeleton; Leukocyte migration; Oxygen; Cortex; Phosphorylation; Phagocytes; Molecular weight; Cytosol; Cell migration; Oxidants; microbicides; migration; Cytochrome; Membranes; Proteins; Lymphocytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of oxygen-derived radicals in biological systems using electron spin resonance. AN - 21260024; 11703513 AB - Oxygen-centered radicals, particularly the hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, have been postulated in many biochemical reactions and have been implicated in many adverse reactions in vivo. This article begins with a review of spin-trapping detection of oxygen-centered radicals in vitro and concludes with a presentation of our approach to the detection of the hydroxyl radicals in models of acute iron and copper poisoning. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mason, R P AU - Hanna, P M AU - Burkitt, M J AU - Kadiiska, M B AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 33 EP - 36 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Biochemistry KW - Reviews KW - Poisoning KW - Copper KW - Iron KW - Side effects KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Detection+of+oxygen-derived+radicals+in+biological+systems+using+electron+spin+resonance.&rft.au=Mason%2C+R+P%3BHanna%2C+P+M%3BBurkitt%2C+M+J%3BKadiiska%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+10&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biochemistry; Reviews; Poisoning; Copper; Iron; Side effects; Hydroxyl radicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidants, antioxidants, and respiratory tract lining fluids. AN - 21259734; 11701583 AB - Respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs) are a heterogeneous group of substances covering the respiratory tract epithelial cells (RTECs) from nasal mucosa to alveoli. Antioxidant contained in the RTLFs can be expected to provide an initial defense against inhaled environmental toxins. The major antioxidants in RTLF include mucin, uric acid, protein (largely albumin), ascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione (GSH). RTLF antioxidants can be augmented by such processes as transudation/exudation of plasma constituents; RTEC secretory processes, including glandular mucus secretion; and cellular antioxidants derived from lysis of RTECs and of inflammatory cells. The antioxidant composition of RTLFs and their role in modulating normal and pathophysiologic RTEC functions under conditions of oxidative stress are yet to be fully characterized. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cross, C E AU - van der Vliet, A AU - O'Neill, C A AU - Louie, S AU - Halliwell, B AD - University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 185 EP - 191 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Antioxidants KW - mucins KW - Proteins KW - Oxidants KW - Toxins KW - oxidative stress KW - Respiratory tract KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gore%2C+Al&rft.aulast=Gore&rft.aufirst=Al&rft.date=1993-09-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=From+Red+Tape+to+Results%3A+Creating+a+Government+That+Works+Better+%26+Costs+Less.+Report+of+the+National+Performance+Review.&rft.title=From+Red+Tape+to+Results%3A+Creating+a+Government+That+Works+Better+%26+Costs+Less.+Report+of+the+National+Performance+Review.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antioxidants; mucins; Proteins; oxidative stress; Toxins; Oxidants; Respiratory tract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic factors influencing risk assessment: saturation of biochemical processes and cofactor depletion. AN - 21258936; 11704899 AB - Models generally consider risk to be a function of the hazard (toxicity) and exposure (dose). That function is best described by the dose response of the toxic effect. For any risk assessment system to be effective, it should consider that dose-response relationship. Saturation phenomena often produce nonlinear dose curves, and any risk assessment system should be able to address such effects. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics offer an approach to deal with these nonlinear responses. Some historic risk models and common saturable processes are discussed. The impact of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) on risk evaluation and the kinetics of some saturable processes are considered. Specific examples have been selected to demonstrate the importance of saturation of processes in assessing the hazard of chemicals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sumner, D D AU - Stevens, J T AD - CIBA-GEIGY Corporation, Agricultural Division, Greensboro, NC 27419, USA. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 13 EP - 22 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Chemicals KW - Historical account KW - Biochemistry KW - Dose-response effects KW - Kinetics KW - Physiology KW - Toxicity KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+factors+influencing+risk+assessment%3A+saturation+of+biochemical+processes+and+cofactor+depletion.&rft.au=Sumner%2C+D+D%3BStevens%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Sumner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+11&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Risk assessment; Historical account; Biochemistry; Kinetics; Dose-response effects; Physiology; Toxicity; Pharmacokinetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applications of physiologic pharmacokinetic modeling in carcinogenic risk assessment. AN - 21253658; 11701591 AB - The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models has been proposed as a means of estimating the dose of the reactive metabolites of carcinogenic xenobiotics reaching target tissues, thereby affording an opportunity to base estimates of potential cancer risk on tissue dose rather than external levels of exposure. In this article, we demonstrate how a PBPK model can be constructed by specifying mass-balance equations for each physiological compartment included in the model. In general, this leads to a system of nonlinear partial differential equations with which to characterize the compartment system. These equations then can be solved numerically to determine the concentration of metabolites in each compartment as functions of time. In the special case of a linear pharmacokinetic system, we present simple closed-form expressions for the area under the concentration-time curves (AUC) in individual tissue compartments. A general relationship between the AUC in blood and other tissue compartments is also established. These results are of use in identifying those parameters in the models that characterize the integrated tissue dose, and which should therefore be the primary focus of sensitivity analyses. Applications of PBPK modeling for purposes of tissue dosimetry are reviewed, including models developed for methylene chloride, ethylene oxide, 1,4-dioxane, 1-nitropyrene, as well as polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans. Special considerations in PBPK modeling related to aging, topical absorption, pregnancy, and mixed exposures are discussed. The linkage between pharmacokinetic models used for tissue dosimetry and pharmacodynamic models for neoplastic transformation of stem cells in the target tissue is explored. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Krewski, D AU - Withey, J R AU - Ku, L F AU - Andersen, M E AD - Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 37 EP - 50 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Dosimetry KW - Physiology KW - Chlorides KW - Metabolites KW - Xenobiotics KW - Furans KW - Cancer KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Dioxins KW - Pregnancy KW - stem cells KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Reviews KW - sensitivity analysis KW - Absorption KW - PCB compounds KW - aging KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Applications+of+physiologic+pharmacokinetic+modeling+in+carcinogenic+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Krewski%2C+D%3BWithey%2C+J+R%3BKu%2C+L+F%3BAndersen%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Krewski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+11&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Physiology; Dosimetry; Chlorides; Metabolites; Xenobiotics; Furans; Dioxins; Pharmacokinetics; Cancer; Pregnancy; Carcinogenicity; stem cells; sensitivity analysis; Reviews; Absorption; PCB compounds; aging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatic and heritable effects of environmental genotoxins and the emergence of evolutionary toxicology. AN - 21253289; 11701595 AB - The genetic effects of environmental pollutants include mutations in somatic cells or germinal cells that are the direct result of exposure to toxicants. Biomarkers that detect such mutagenic effects have been developed and tested in field studies on wildlife populations. However, another class of genetic effects resulting from pollution exposure exists. Specifically, changes in allele frequencies of populations will occur as a result of population bottlenecks, inbreeding, or selection at loci critical for survival in polluted environments. We describe how such genetic alterations can be studied at the population level using the techniques of molecular genetics, and we predict the development of a new field, evolutionary toxicology, that will address such issues. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bickham, J W AU - Smolen, M J AD - Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 25 EP - 28 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - population levels KW - Toxicants KW - Pollution effects KW - Survival KW - Somatic cells KW - Population genetics KW - Pollutants KW - Population levels KW - Toxicology KW - Pollution KW - Bioindicators KW - Population bottleneck KW - Wildlife KW - Population studies KW - biomarkers KW - genetic effects KW - inbreeding KW - Gene frequency KW - Inbreeding KW - survival KW - Mutation KW - Polluted environments KW - Evolution KW - X 24490:Other KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Somatic+and+heritable+effects+of+environmental+genotoxins+and+the+emergence+of+evolutionary+toxicology.&rft.au=Bickham%2C+J+W%3BSmolen%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Bickham&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+12&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicants; Population bottleneck; Wildlife; Survival; Population studies; Somatic cells; biomarkers; Population genetics; Pollutants; Inbreeding; Population levels; Gene frequency; Mutation; Evolution; Pollution; Polluted environments; Bioindicators; population levels; inbreeding; genetic effects; Pollution effects; survival; Toxicology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of oxidant gases and particulate air pollutants: uncertainties and research needs. AN - 21252321; 11701586 AB - The assessment of risks to human health associated with exposure to oxidant air pollutants has not received adequate attention despite the recognized public health threat posed by the ubiquitous presence of these compounds in the environment. In this article, research needs and uncertainties at each of the steps in the risk assessment of oxidant air pollutants are identified: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Many of these limitations and uncertainties arise at the interface between the laboratory and the regulatory arenas. Therefore, as a case study, relevant methodologic problems associated with the application of experimental findings to the risk assessment of respirable dusts are also discussed. These issues include the extrapolation of animal data to the human case and extrapolation from high-dose to environmentally relevant, low-level exposures. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Samet, J M AU - Pepelko, W E AU - Sonawane, B AU - Hatch, G E AU - Driscoll, K E AU - Oberdorster, G AD - Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 209 EP - 213 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Risk assessment KW - case studies KW - Gases KW - Dose-response effects KW - Particulates KW - Oxidants KW - Dust KW - Public health KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21252321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+oxidant+gases+and+particulate+air+pollutants%3A+uncertainties+and+research+needs.&rft.au=Samet%2C+J+M%3BPepelko%2C+W+E%3BSonawane%2C+B%3BHatch%2C+G+E%3BDriscoll%2C+K+E%3BOberdorster%2C+G&rft.aulast=Samet&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+10&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; Risk assessment; Air pollution; Gases; Dose-response effects; Particulates; Dust; Oxidants; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen-derived species: their relation to human disease and environmental stress. AN - 21251604; 11703517 AB - Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly formed in the human body, often for useful metabolic purposes. Antioxidant defenses protect against them, but these defenses are not completely adequate, and systems that repair damage by ROS are also necessary. Mild oxidative stress often induces antioxidant defense enzymes, but severe stress can cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA within cells, leading to such events as DNA strand breakage and disruption of calcium ion metabolism. Oxidative stress can result from exposure to toxic agents, and by the process of tissue injury itself. Ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and cigarette smoke can cause oxidative damage; but the molecular targets that they damage may not be the same. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Halliwell, B AU - Cross, C E AD - University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 5 EP - 12 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - Calcium KW - Antioxidants KW - Cigarettes KW - Injuries KW - Lipids KW - Cigarette smoke KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Oxidative stress KW - oxides KW - Environmental stress KW - Ozone KW - Free radicals KW - Enzymes KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - oxidative stress KW - Lipid metabolism KW - DNA damage KW - Calcium metabolism KW - DNA KW - Proteins KW - Metabolism KW - Nitrogen KW - T 2000:Cellular Calcium KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Oxygen-derived+species%3A+their+relation+to+human+disease+and+environmental+stress.&rft.au=Halliwell%2C+B%3BCross%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Halliwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+10&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antioxidants; Injuries; Free radicals; Enzymes; Cigarette smoke; Lipid metabolism; Calcium metabolism; DNA damage; Reactive oxygen species; Oxidative stress; DNA; oxides; Environmental stress; Nitrogen; Ozone; Calcium; Cigarettes; Lipids; Proteins; Nitrogen oxides; Metabolism; oxidative stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of carcinogenesis by crystalline silica in relation to oxygen radicals. AN - 21251307; 11701580 AB - The carcinogenic effects of crystalline silica in rat lungs were extensively demonstrated by many experimental long-term studies, showing a marked predominance for adenocarcinomas originating from alveolar type II cells and associated with areas of pulmonary fibrosis (silicosis). In contrast with its effects in rats, silica did not induce alveolar type II hyperplasia and lung tumors in mice and hamsters, pointing to a critical role for host factors. Using these animal models, we are investigating the role of cytokines and other cellular mediators on the proliferation of alveolar type II cells. Immunohistochemical localization of TGF-beta 1 precursor in alveolar type II cells adjacent to silicotic granulomas was shown to occur in rats, but not in mice, and hamsters, suggesting a pathogenetic role for this regulatory growth factor. Recent investigations in our laboratory on the biologic mechanisms of crystalline silica included determination of anionic sites on crystalline silica surfaces by binding of the cationic dye Janus Green B; binding of crystalline silica to DNA, demonstrated by infrared spectrometry; production of oxygen radicals by crystalline silica in aqueous media; induction of DNA strand breakage and base oxidation in vitro and its potentiation by superoxide dismutase and by hydrogen peroxide; and induction by crystalline silica of neoplastic transformation and chromosomal damage in cells in culture. On the basis of these in vitro studies, we propose that DNA binding to crystalline silica surfaces may be important in silica carcinogenesis by anchoring DNA close to sites of oxygen radical production on the silica surface, so that the oxygen radicals are produced within a few A from their target DNA nucleotides. Images Figure 3. A Figure 3. B JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Saffiotti, U AU - Daniel, L N AU - Mao, Y AU - Shi, X AU - Williams, A O AU - Kaighn, M E AD - Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0041. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 159 EP - 163 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Oxygen KW - Lung KW - Carcinogenicity KW - silica KW - Carcinogenesis KW - DNA KW - Mice KW - Spectrometry KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+carcinogenesis+by+crystalline+silica+in+relation+to+oxygen+radicals.&rft.au=Saffiotti%2C+U%3BDaniel%2C+L+N%3BMao%2C+Y%3BShi%2C+X%3BWilliams%2C+A+O%3BKaighn%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Saffiotti&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+10&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rats; Oxygen; Carcinogenicity; Lung; silica; Carcinogenesis; DNA; Mice; Spectrometry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic determinants of embryotoxicity in rats associated with organic acids. AN - 21250981; 11703520 AB - We have studied four organic acids of similar structure to further understand the basis of their developmental toxicity. Valproic acid (2-propyl pentanoic acid), ethylhexanoic acid, and octanoic acid are isomeric C8 organic acids but their teratologic potency varied widely. Valproic acid induced a moderate to severe teratologic outcome after a single oral administration of 6.25 mmoles/kg on day 12 of rat pregnancy. Twice as much ethylhexanoic acid (12.5 mmoles/kg) induced a less severe response. Octanoic acid was nonteratogenic even at the very high dose of 18.75 mmoles/kg. This latter result is undoubtedly due to poor intestinal absorption of octanoic acid, as the maternal plasma levels never reached half of those measured for valproic acid and ethylhexanoic acid. Moreover, only a tiny fraction of that in maternal plasma was actually transferred into the embryo. On the other hand, the peak concentration and duration of exposure to valproic acid and ethylhexanoic acid were very similar despite a more severe teratologic outcome following valproic acid, which indicated higher intrinsic activity of this latter agent. A fourth agent, methylhexanoic acid, was also studied and had no teratogenic effects when given at 14.1 mmoles/kg. Pharmacokinetic studies of this agent revealed higher peak concentrations in maternal plasma and embryo than valproic acid or ethylhexanoic acid, but the duration of exposure was shorter. We conclude that pharmacokinetic parameters can be important determinants of teratologic outcome and thereby help explain differing potencies of structurally similar chemicals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Scott, W J AU - Collins, M D AU - Nau, H AD - Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 97 EP - 101 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Rats KW - Organic acids KW - Absorption KW - Embryos KW - Toxicity KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Pregnancy KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21250981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+determinants+of+embryotoxicity+in+rats+associated+with+organic+acids.&rft.au=Scott%2C+W+J%3BCollins%2C+M+D%3BNau%2C+H&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+11&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rats; Chemicals; Organic acids; Absorption; Embryos; Toxicity; Pharmacokinetics; Pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of radium isotopes to examine pore-water exchange in an estuary AN - 1808734929; PQ0003340649 AB - The measured distributions of four isotopes of Ra along the estuary of the Bega River are used to examine sediment-water column exchange. Ra is created in estuarine sediments by the radioactive decay of insoluble Th parents residing close to or on the surfaces of the sediment grains. Ra desorbed into the pore water is continuously lost to the water column due to the cyclical draining and filling of the sediments by the tides. The distribution of Ra in the estuary is governed by its rate of loss from the sediments, its advection along the estuary resulting from river discharge into the estuary's head, tidal mixing, and radioactive decay. These processes are all described in a model. Matching of model-predicted Ra concentrations with measurements allows an estimate of the effective depth in the sediments to which the pore water is exchanged every tidal cycle. This depth is large (15 cm), but it is shown to be reasonable for the Bega estuary. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Webster, Ian T AU - Hancock, Gary J AU - Murray, Andrew S AD - CSIRO Center for Environmental Mechanics, GPO Box 821, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1917 EP - 1927 PB - Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography VL - 39 IS - 8 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Australia, New South Wales, Bega R. KW - ISEW, Australia, New South Wales, Bega Estuary KW - Fluvial Sediments KW - Tidal mixing KW - Limnology KW - Mixing KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Modelling KW - Rivers KW - Radium isotopes KW - Sediment Distribution KW - Estuaries KW - Tidal cycles KW - River discharge KW - Ocean circulation KW - Oceanography KW - Interstitial Water KW - Tides KW - Sediments KW - Model Studies KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808734929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160420741&rft.btitle=Protecting+Privacy+in+Computerized+Medical+Information.&rft.title=Protecting+Privacy+in+Computerized+Medical+Information.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Radium isotopes; Tidal cycles; Estuaries; Tidal mixing; River discharge; Ocean circulation; Brackishwater environment; Sediments; Modelling; Sediment Distribution; Fluvial Sediments; Limnology; Oceanography; Interstitial Water; Mixing; Tides; Model Studies; Australia, New South Wales, Bega R.; ISEW, Australia, New South Wales, Bega Estuary DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1994.39.8.1917 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Vocational Education and Special Populations: Reauthorization Issues. CRS Report for Congress. AN - 62744986; ED378368 AB - Selected issues related to the special populations provisions of the Perkins Act are examined in this paper. Special populations' access to and participation in vocational education are reviewed, and major Perkins Act provisions addressing special populations and congressional intent behind the provisions are summarized. The U.S. Department of Education's interpretation of special population provisions and recent proposed reinterpretation of the provisions are discussed. Legal provisions other than the Perkins Act that protect and guarantee the rights of members of certain special populations in educational programs are outlined. Special attention is paid to civil rights statutes, regulations, and guidelines. The following policy alternatives available to the 104th Congress as it prepares to reauthorize the Perkins Act are analyzed: (1) use current civil rights statutes to ensure access; (2) enact current regulations; (3) enact the Department of Education's proposed regulatory changes; and (4) provide access for all students to high quality programs. The implications of the four policy alternatives with respect to educational equity and quality and unfunded mandates were considered. Appended is a summary of the major Perkins Act provisions for special populations. (MN) AU - Apling, Richard N. AU - Moulin, Sylvie Y1 - 1994/11/29/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Nov 29 SP - 46 VL - CRS-94-940-EPW KW - Carl D Perkins Voc and Appl Techn Educ Act 1990 KW - Department of Education KW - Unfunded Mandates KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Educational Legislation KW - Special Needs Students KW - Guidelines KW - Public Policy KW - Equal Education KW - Educational Needs KW - Civil Rights Legislation KW - Secondary Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Disabilities KW - Policy Formation KW - Educational Policy KW - Disadvantaged KW - Federal Regulation KW - Vocational Education KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62744986?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Education for the Disadvantaged: Analysis of 1994 ESEA Title I Amendments under P.L. 103-382. CRS Report for Congress. AN - 62746788; ED385625 AB - In October 1994 the President signed into law H.R. 6, P.L. 103-382, the Improving America's Schools Act (IASA). Impacts of the IASA, which extends and amends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and related federal legislation, including the Title I program of aid for the education of disadvantaged children, are explored. More funds will be targeted for high poverty schools, and more programs will be operated on a schoolwide basis. Rules of participation for disabled or limited-English-proficient students are simplified, and coordination of education with other social and health services for students is encouraged. Funds can be used to support programs of choice among public Title I schools. More professional development is encouraged, and more extensive planning is required from states and local education agencies. The revised Title I will encourage greater parental involvement, and will authorize two types of national assessments of Title I and its effects, along with discretionary grants to demonstrate new approaches to educating the disadvantaged. Some minor adjustments are made to participation by private schools. Five tables, two of which are in the appendix, summarize changes and new approaches. An appendix provides data related to effort and equity factors for the incentive grant formula. (SLD) AU - Riddle, Wayne C. Y1 - 1994/11/18/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Nov 18 SP - 56 VL - CRS-94-968-EPW; TACB-456 KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act Title I KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Improvement KW - Demonstration Programs KW - Public Schools KW - Federal Legislation KW - Poverty KW - Parent Participation KW - Educational Planning KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - Compensatory Education KW - Limited English Speaking KW - Educational Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62746788?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Reauthorization Overview. CRS Report for Congress. AN - 62725900; ED379836 AB - This report provides an overview of programs authorized under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and discusses potential reauthorization issues. Programs include the Grants to States program, preschool program, infants and toddlers program, and discretionary grant programs. For each program, information includes fiscal year 1995 appropriations, number of children served, allocation formula used, number of states participating, and the legislation that established the program. Total funding for all IDEA programs from fiscal year 1980 to 1995 is charted. Reauthorization issues for each program are reviewed briefly, such as inclusion of children with disabilities in regular education classes, transition of young children with disabilities, financing of early intervention, and reform of special education. (JDD) AU - Aleman, Steven R. Y1 - 1994/11/17/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Nov 17 SP - 6 KW - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Special Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Legislation KW - Disabilities KW - Policy Formation KW - Educational Policy KW - Early Intervention KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Early Childhood Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62725900?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Supersedes ED 370 307. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Characteristics of Students Who Borrow To Finance Their Postsecondary Education. Postsecondary Education Descriptive Analysis Reports. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62745965; ED377778 AB - The report uses data from the 1989-90 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:90) to examine the use of loans to finance postsecondary education. This survey provides detailed information about students' expenses for education, sources of funds, and types of financial aid received as well as information on students' demographic, socioeconomic, and enrollment characteristics. Data are presented separately for undergraduates, graduate students, and first-professional degree students and address: variations in borrowing by student and institutional characteristics; characteristics of borrowers and non-borrowers; and borrowing in relation to need and other financial aid. Some of the report's highlights include: (1) of the 16.3 million undergraduates enrolled in the 1989-90 academic year, 19 percent borrowed an average of $2,800 through student loan programs and 30 percent of those who were enrolled full time borrowed (also an average of $2,800); (2) the percentage who borrowed through student loan programs varied by type of institutions from a low of 13 percent for full-time undergraduates attending public less-then-4-year institutions to a high of 69 percent of students attending private, for-profit institutions; and (3) of the 2.3 million graduate and first-professional degree students enrolled in 1989-90, 17 percent borrowed an average of $8,600. Appendices containing a glossary and technical notes and methodology are included. Contains 47 tables and 10 figures. (JB) AU - Choy, Susan B. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 116 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160453941 KW - National Postsecondary Student Aid Study KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - Graduate Students KW - Need Analysis (Student Financial Aid) KW - Student Loan Programs KW - Student Characteristics KW - Educational Finance KW - Higher Education KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Degrees (Academic) KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Paying for College KW - Professional Education KW - College Students UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62745965?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - School Library Media Centers in the United States: 1990-91. Survey Report. AN - 62744173; ED377858 AB - Data, derived from the National Center for Education Statistics 1990-91 Schools and Staffing Survey, are presented about school library media centers and the support they receive. The focus is on the number of schools with library media centers, the level at which these centers are staffed, and the role library media centers and their staff play in schools. As of 1990-91, 96% of public and 87% of private elementary and secondary schools in the United States had a library or library media center. The expansion in library media specialists seen between 1960 and 1980 has slowed, and in the early 1990s school library media center staffing levels have not kept pace with increases in student enrollment. In the public sector, 8% of schools with library media centers did not employ some kind of media center staff, but over half of the smaller, elementary, and non-Catholic religious private schools had neither a librarian/media specialist nor a library aide. Few school principals reported that the school librarian or media specialist had much influence over curriculum decisions, although private school librarians were more likely to be acknowledged as influential. Twenty tables (and eight appendix tables) and four figures present survey data. (Contains 19 references.) (SLD) AU - Ingersoll, Richard M. AU - Han, Mei Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 66 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-326 KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Library Statistics KW - Influences KW - Childrens Libraries KW - Library Personnel KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - National Surveys KW - Media Specialists KW - Learning Resources Centers KW - Enrollment Rate KW - Library Technicians KW - School Libraries KW - Public Schools KW - Private Schools UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62744173?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For an earlier report (1985-86 with historical com N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Academic Libraries: 1992. E.D. TABS. AN - 62741112; ED376837 AB - This report is based on information from the 1992-93 IPEDS (Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System) Academic Libraries survey. The data in this report come from the higher education institutions in IPEDS and include all colleges and universities with accreditation at the higher education level as recognized by the Secretary of Education. The response rate at the national level was 90.5%; data for nonrespondents were imputed and caution should be exercised when comparing estimates by state. This report provides highlights of the findings, brief descriptions of the survey and the methodology, including its scope and new collection procedures, as well as extensive data tables. These tables, which make up the major part of the report, summarize library staff, library operating expenditures, library collections, library loan transactions, and library service per typical week for libraries in higher education institutions in the 50 states and District of Columbia. Staff and service data are for fall 1992, whereas the remainder of the data cover FY 1992, that is, any 12-month period between July 1, 1991, through September 30, 1992, that corresponds to the institution's fiscal year. The Academic Libraries survey has been carried out by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) since 1966. Beginning in 1990, the survey has been conducted on a 2-year cycle. A copy of the questionnaire and instructions for its completion are appended. (BBM) AU - Williams, Jeffrey Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 81 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160453852 KW - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Library Statistics KW - Questionnaires KW - Library Personnel KW - Library Collections KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Library Services KW - Library Circulation KW - Academic Libraries KW - Library Expenditures KW - Library Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Interlibrary Loans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62741112?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Globalisation, Multiculturalism and Rethinking the Social AN - 61701412; 9507719 AB - Part of a "Symposium on Globalisation, Multiculturalism and Rethinking on the Social" (see abstracts in SA 43:4). It is contended that in the process of globalization & in the face of multiculturalism, what is meant by "the social" is no longer certain, & social connections themselves are weakening. The development of individualism is leading to a culture of narcissism. This crisis of the social has been accompanied by a related crisis in the sciences of the social, especially sociology, since views of society & social organization are also changing. Also in a state of crisis is the nation-state, since other alliances -- cultural, economic, religious, racial/ethnic, even music & sport -- of a global nature are taking on greater importance. Modernity is fragmenting society as it has been known. Ways of rethinking the social are the topic of discussion here. J. W. Stanton JF - The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology AU - McDonald, Kevin AD - Dept Social Science Royal Melbourne Instit Technology, GPO Box 2476 V Victoria 3001 Australia Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 239 EP - 247 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0004-8690, 0004-8690 KW - "the social," interpretation/rethinking, globalization/multiculturalism impact, sociology implications KW - Social Criticism KW - Cultural Pluralism KW - Sociology KW - Crises KW - Plural Societies KW - Globalization KW - Social Disorganization KW - article KW - 0207: sociology: history and theory; theories, ideas, & systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61701412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=Globalisation%2C+Multiculturalism+and+Rethinking+the+Social&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.issn=00048690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-08 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AZJSA4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plural Societies; Social Criticism; Cultural Pluralism; Crises; Sociology; Social Disorganization; Globalization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of culturagrams to assess and empower culturally diverse families AN - 230156018; 02135769 AB - The culturagram was developed in response to the cultural diversity among families and the need for ethnic-sensitive practice. With this family assessment tool, social workers are able to assess the impact of culture on the family, individualize ethnically similar families, be more empathic with regard to cultural differences and empower the culturally diverse. JF - Families in Society AU - Congress, Elaine P Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 531 CY - Milwaukee PB - Alliance for Children and Families VL - 75 IS - 9 SN - 10443894 KW - Sociology KW - Social work KW - Multiculturalism & pluralism KW - Families & family life UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/230156018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apsychology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Families+in+Society&rft.atitle=The+use+of+culturagrams+to+assess+and+empower+culturally+diverse+families&rft.au=Congress%2C+Elaine+P&rft.aulast=Congress&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Families+in+Society&rft.issn=10443894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright Family Service America Nov 1994 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-08 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - hprt mutant lymphocyte frequencies in workers at a 1,3-butadiene production plant. AN - 21353989; 7702007 AB - 1,3-Butadiene is a major industrial chemical that has been shown to be a carcinogen at multiple sites in mice and rats at concentrations as low as 6.25 ppm. Occupational exposures have been reduced in response to these findings, but it may not be possible to determine by using traditional epidemiological methods, whether current exposure levels are adequate for protection of worker health. However, it is possible to evaluate the biological significance of exposure to genotoxic chemicals at the time of exposure by measuring levels of genetic damage in exposed populations. We have conducted a pilot study to evaluate the effects of butadiene exposure on the frequencies of lymphocytes containing mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus in workers in a butadiene production plant. At the same time, urine specimens from the same individuals were collected and evaluated for the presence of butadiene-specific metabolites. Eight workers from areas of the plant where the highest exposures to butadiene occur were compared to five workers from plant areas where butadiene exposures were low. In addition, six subjects with no occupational exposure to butadiene were also studied as outside controls. All of the subjects were nonsmokers. An air sampling survey conducted for 6 months, and ending about 3 months before the study, indicated that average butadiene levels in the air of the high-exposure areas were about 3.5 +/- 7.5 ppm. They were 0.03 +/- 0.03 ppm in the low-exposure areas. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from the subjects were assayed using an autoradiographic test for hprt mutations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ward, J B AU - Ammenheuser, M M AU - Bechtold, W E AU - Whorton, E B AU - Legator, M S AD - Division of Environmental Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 777555-1010. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 79 EP - 85 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 VL - 102 IS - Suppl 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Metabolites KW - Carcinogens KW - Lymphocytes KW - Mutants KW - Rats KW - Air sampling KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - Occupational exposure KW - Genotoxicity KW - Mice KW - Urine KW - Mutation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21353989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=hprt+mutant+lymphocyte+frequencies+in+workers+at+a+1%2C3-butadiene+production+plant.&rft.au=Ward%2C+J+B%3BAmmenheuser%2C+M+M%3BBechtold%2C+W+E%3BWhorton%2C+E+B%3BLegator%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+9&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Lymphocytes; Urine; Chromosome aberrations; Air sampling; Rats; Metabolites; Carcinogens; Mutants; Mice; Mutation; Genotoxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Meta-analysis in cancer epidemiology. AN - 21275537; 11701661 AB - Meta-analysis has seen increasing use as a tool in epidemiology over the past five years. Although this method is relatively well accepted for use in clinical trials, its use has proved somewhat more controversial in epidemiology. If meta-analysis is viewed as an evolutionary improvement over the review article, it may become more widely acceptable. Meta-analysis should incorporate the concern for study quality and differences in study design seen in classic review articles with the concern for rigor, objectivity, and quantitative precision characteristic of meta-analysis. Available tools for consideration of differences among studies are described with several examples from the literature. The extent to which various methods are used in published meta-analyses is described. Methods for assessing publication bias, and tools for combining dose-response data, are discussed also. Evaluation of risk factors and protective factors for cancer must be based on the weight of the evidence. Tools such as meta-analysis are essential if we are to interpret the vast number of completed studies in cancer epidemiology. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Morris, R D AD - Division of Epidemiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 61 EP - 66 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Epidemiology KW - Reviews KW - Dose-response effects KW - clinical trials KW - Cancer KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21275537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Meta-analysis+in+cancer+epidemiology.&rft.au=Morris%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+8&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epidemiology; Dose-response effects; Reviews; clinical trials; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amplified interactive toxicity of chemicals at nontoxic levels: mechanistic considerations and implications to public health. AN - 21270324; 11701667 AB - It is widely recognized that exposure to combinations or mixtures of chemicals may result in highly exaggerated toxicity even though the individual chemicals might not be toxic. Assessment of risk from exposure to combinations of chemicals requires the knowledge of the underlying mechanism(s). Dietary exposure to a nontoxic dose of chlordecone (CD; 10 ppm, 15 days) results in a 67-fold increase in lethality of an ordinarily inconsequential dose of CCl4 (100 microliters/kg, ip). Toxicity of closely related CHCl3 and BrCCl3 is also enhanced. Phenobarbital (PB, 225 ppm, 15 days) and mirex (10 ppm, 15 days) do not share the propensity of CD in this regard. Exposure to PB + CCl4 results in enhanced liver injury similar to that observed with CD, but the animals recover and survive in contrast to the greatly amplified lethality of CD + CCl4. Investigations have revealed that neither enhanced bioactivation of CCl4 nor increased lipid peroxidation offers a satisfactory explanation of these findings. Additional studies indicate that exposure to a low dose of CCl4 (100 microliters/kg, ip) results in limited injury, which is accompanied by a biphasic response of hepatocellular regeneration (6 and 36 hr) and tissue repair, which enables the animals to recover from injury. Exposure to CD + CCl4 results in suppressed tissue repair owing to an energy deficit in hepatocytes as a consequence of excessive intracellular influx of Ca2+ leading initially to a precipitous decline in glycogen and ultimately to hypoglycemia. Supplementation of cellular energy results in restoration of the tissue repair and complete recovery from the toxicity of CD + CCl4 combination. In contrast, only the early-phase hepatic tissue repair (6 hr) is affected in PB + CCl4 treatment, but this is adequately compensated for by a greater stimulation of tissue repair at 24 and 48 hr resulting in recovery from liver injury and animal survival. A wide variety of additional experimental evidence confirms the central role of stimulated tissue repair as a decisive determinant of the final outcome of liver injury inflicted by CCl4. For instance, a 35-fold greater CCl4 sensitivity of gerbils compared to rats is correlated with the very sluggish tissue repair in gerbils. These findings are consistent with a two-stage model of toxicity, where tissue injury is inflicted by the well described "mechanisms of toxicity," but the outcome of this injury is determined by whether or not sustainable tissue repair response accompanies this injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mehendale, H M AD - Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe 71209-0470. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 139 EP - 149 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Risk assessment KW - Phenobarbital KW - Injuries KW - Hepatocytes KW - Lipids KW - Chlordecone KW - Sustainable development KW - Survival KW - Hypoglycemia KW - Lead KW - Public health KW - Rats KW - Calcium influx KW - Cadmium KW - Diets KW - Sensitivity KW - regeneration KW - Toxicity KW - peroxidation KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - Glycogen KW - Calcium (intracellular) KW - Lethality KW - Energy KW - Dietary supplements KW - Liver KW - Mirex KW - survival KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24360:Metals KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21270324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Amplified+interactive+toxicity+of+chemicals+at+nontoxic+levels%3A+mechanistic+considerations+and+implications+to+public+health.&rft.au=Mehendale%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Mehendale&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+9&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Phenobarbital; Injuries; Hepatocytes; Chlordecone; Survival; Toxicity; Hypoglycemia; Glycogen; Lipid peroxidation; Calcium (intracellular); Public health; Calcium influx; Lethality; Dietary supplements; Energy; Liver; Chemicals; Diets; Sensitivity; regeneration; Lipids; Sustainable development; peroxidation; Lead; Rats; Cadmium; survival; Mirex ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes as a cell model to evaluate the genotoxic effect of coal tar treatment. AN - 21262010; 11701666 AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from psoriatic patients therapeutically exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during coal tar (CT) treatment were used to evaluate the in vivo formation of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide(BaPDE)-DNA adducts by an ELISA technique and by the 32P-postlabeling method. Moreover, we controlled if the pretreatment with CT influences the formation of BaP-DNA adducts and the BaP metabolism in the PBL obtained from psoriatic patients, treated in vitro with BaP. Our data did not show any significant influence of the CT treatment on the levels of PAH-DNA adducts. Moreover, the use of PBL from psoriatic patients, treated in vitro with BaP, did not allow to detect significant modifications of the metabolic activation of BaP and of the ability of its metabolites to bind to DNA, before and after CT treatment. Thus, PBL do not seem to represent an useful cell model to evaluate the possible genotoxic effect of the exposure through the skin of psoriatic patients to the PAH contained in CT. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pavanello, S AU - Levis, A G AD - Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 95 EP - 99 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Data processing KW - Skin KW - Adducts KW - Genotoxicity KW - Tar KW - Metabolites KW - Cell culture KW - Peripheral blood KW - Coal KW - Lymphocytes KW - DNA KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Metabolic activation KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - Metabolism KW - F 06935:Development, Aging & Organ Systems KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21262010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Human+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes+as+a+cell+model+to+evaluate+the+genotoxic+effect+of+coal+tar+treatment.&rft.au=Pavanello%2C+S%3BLevis%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Pavanello&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+9&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Skin; Data processing; Adducts; Tar; Genotoxicity; Peripheral blood; Cell culture; Lymphocytes; Coal; DNA; Metabolic activation; Benzo(a)pyrene; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Metabolites; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of ingested food, beverage, and tobacco components involving human cytochrome P4501A2, 2A6, 2E1, and 3A4 enzymes. AN - 21261988; 11701665 AB - Human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are involved in the oxidation of natural products found in foods, beverages, and tobacco products and their catalytic activities can also be modulated by components of the materials. The microsomal activation of aflatoxin B1 to the exo-8,9-epoxide is stimulated by flavone and 7,8-benzoflavone, and attenuated by the flavonoid naringenin, a major component of grapefruit. P4502E1 has been demonstrated to play a potentially major role in the activation of a number of very low-molecular weight cancer suspects, including ethyl carbamate (urethan), which is present in alcoholic beverages and particularly stone brandies. The enzyme (P4502E1) is also known to be inducible by ethanol. Tobacco contains a large number of potential carcinogens. In human liver microsomes a significant role for P4501A2 can be demonstrated in the activation of cigarette smoke condensate. Some of the genotoxicity may be due to arylamines. P4501A2 is also inhibited by components of crude cigarette smoke condensate. The tobacco-specific nitrosamines are activated by a number of P450 enzymes. Of those known to be present in human liver, P4501A2, 2A6, and 2E1 can activate these nitrosamines to genotoxic products. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Guengerich, F P AU - Shimada, T AU - Yun, C H AU - Yamazaki, H AU - Raney, K D AU - Thier, R AU - Coles, B AU - Harris, T M AD - Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 49 EP - 53 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Smoke KW - Nitrosamines KW - Cytochrome KW - Cigarettes KW - Genotoxicity KW - Tobacco KW - Liver KW - Enzymes KW - Cancer KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+ingested+food%2C+beverage%2C+and+tobacco+components+involving+human+cytochrome+P4501A2%2C+2A6%2C+2E1%2C+and+3A4+enzymes.&rft.au=Guengerich%2C+F+P%3BShimada%2C+T%3BYun%2C+C+H%3BYamazaki%2C+H%3BRaney%2C+K+D%3BThier%2C+R%3BColes%2C+B%3BHarris%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Guengerich&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+9&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoke; Nitrosamines; Cytochrome; Cigarettes; Genotoxicity; Liver; Tobacco; Enzymes; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary: International Symposium on the Health Effects of Boron and its Compounds. AN - 21260139; 11703575 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mastromatteo, E AU - Sullivan, F AD - University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 139 EP - 141 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Boron KW - ENA 08:International UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Summary%3A+International+Symposium+on+the+Health+Effects+of+Boron+and+its+Compounds.&rft.au=Mastromatteo%2C+E%3BSullivan%2C+F&rft.aulast=Mastromatteo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+7&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boron ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk ratio estimation in case-cohort studies. AN - 21259881; 11701662 AB - In traditional (cumulative-incidence) case-control studies, the exposure odds ratio can be used as an estimator of the risk ratio only when the disease under study is rare. The case-cohort study is a recently developed useful modification of the case-control study. This design allows direct estimation of the risk ratio from a fixed cohort, but does not require any rare-disease assumption. This article reviews recent developments in risk ratio estimation procedures for the analysis of case-cohort data. In the crude analysis, it is shown that the empirical risk ratio estimator is not fully efficient, and the maximum likelihood estimation of the crude risk ratio is discussed. In the stratified analysis, several common risk ratio estimation procedures and standardization methods have been proposed for large strata. However, the Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio and its variance estimator are the only available methods for sparse data. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sato, T AD - Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 53 EP - 56 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - Standards KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+ratio+estimation+in+case-cohort+studies.&rft.au=Sato%2C+T&rft.aulast=Sato&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+8&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Standards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and analysis of multilevel analytic studies with applications to a study of air pollution. AN - 21259162; 11701658 AB - We discuss a hybrid epidemiologic design that aims to combine two approaches to studying exposure-disease associations. The analytic approach is based on comparisons between individuals, e.g., case-control and cohort studies, and the ecologic approach is based on comparisons between groups. The analytic approach generally provides a stronger basis for inference, in part because of freedom from between-group confounding and better quality data, but the ecologic approach is less susceptible to attenuation bias from measurement error and may provide greater variability in exposure. The design we propose entails selection of a number of groups and enrollment of individuals within each group. Exposures, outcomes, confounders, and modifiers would be assessed on each individual; but additional exposure data might be available on the groups. The analysis would then combine the individual-level and the group-level comparisons, with appropriate adjustments for exposure measurement errors, and would test for compatibility between the two levels of analysis, e.g., to determine whether the associations at the individual level can account for the differences in disease rates between groups. Trade-offs between numbers of groups, numbers of individuals, and the extent of the individual and group measurement protocols are discussed in terms of design efficiency. These issues are illustrated in the context of an on-going study of the health effects of air pollution in southern California, in which 12 communities with different levels and types of pollution have been selected and 3500 school children are being enrolled in a ten-year cohort study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Navidi, W AU - Thomas, D AU - Stram, D AU - Peters, J AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033-9987. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 25 EP - 32 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Efficiency KW - hybrids KW - Pollution effects KW - USA, California KW - Children KW - Design KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Design+and+analysis+of+multilevel+analytic+studies+with+applications+to+a+study+of+air+pollution.&rft.au=Navidi%2C+W%3BThomas%2C+D%3BStram%2C+D%3BPeters%2C+J&rft.aulast=Navidi&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+8&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Efficiency; hybrids; Pollution effects; Children; Design; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Essentiality of boron for healthy bones and joints. AN - 21258900; 11703573 AB - Since 1963, evidence has accumulated that suggests boron is a safe and effective treatment for some forms of arthritis. The initial evidence was that boron supplementation alleviated arthritic pain and discomfort of the author. This was followed by findings from numerous other observations epidemiologic and controlled animal and human experiments. These findings included a) analytical evidence of lower boron concentrations in femur heads, bones, and synovial fluid from people with arthritis than from those without this disorder; b) observation evidence that bones of patients using boron supplements are much harder to cut than those of patients not using supplements; c) epidemiologic evidence that in areas of the world where boron intakes usually are 1.0 mg or less/day the estimated incidence of arthritis ranges from 20 to 70%, whereas in areas of the world where boron intakes are usually 3 to 10 mg, the estimated incidence of arthritis ranges from 0 to 10%; d) experimental evidence that rats with induced arthritis benefit from orally or intraperitoneally administered boron; e) experimental evidence from a double-blind placebo-boron supplementation trial with 20 subjects with osteoarthritis. A significant favorable response to a 6 mg boron/day supplement was obtained; 50% of subjects receiving the supplement improved compared to only 10% receiving the placebo. The preceding data indicate that boron is an essential nutrient for healthy bones and joints, and that further research into the use of boron for the treatment or prevention of arthritis is warranted. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Newnham, R E AD - Rex Newnham and Associates, North Yorkshire, England. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 83 EP - 85 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Bone KW - Rats KW - prevention KW - pain KW - Boron KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Essentiality+of+boron+for+healthy+bones+and+joints.&rft.au=Newnham%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Newnham&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+7&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rats; Bone; prevention; pain; Boron ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hierarchical regression for epidemiologic analyses of multiple exposures. AN - 21257352; 11703581 AB - Many epidemiologic investigations are designed to study the effects of multiple exposures. Most of these studies are analyzed either by fitting a risk-regression model with all exposures forced in the model, or by using a preliminary-testing algorithm, such as stepwise regression, to produce a smaller model. Research indicates that hierarchical modeling methods can outperform these conventional approaches. These methods are reviewed and compared to two hierarchical methods, empirical-Bayes regression and a variant here called "semi-Bayes" regression, to full-model maximum likelihood and to model reduction by preliminary testing. The performance of the methods in a problem of predicting neonatal-mortality rates are compared. Based on the literature to date, it is suggested that hierarchical methods should become part of the standard approaches to multiple-exposure studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Greenland, S AD - Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 33 EP - 39 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21257352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hierarchical+regression+for+epidemiologic+analyses+of+multiple+exposures.&rft.au=Greenland%2C+S&rft.aulast=Greenland&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+8&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive effects between trichloroethylene and pesticides at metabolic and genetic level in mice. AN - 21253415; 11701668 AB - A combined cytogeneticurine metabolite analysis approach was used to assess potential interactive effects between Fenarimol (FN), a fungicide, and trichloroethylene (TRI), a halogenated solvent. FN was demonstrated to selectively induce P450-2B1 isoforms in different organs of treated mice. Since the rate of metabolism and the stereospecificity of metabolism are dependent on the types and amount of P450s available, FN might drastically alter the metabolic activation of a precarcinogen, such as TRI, and its toxicological consequences. Male CD1 mice were divided into untreated, vehicle control, and experimental groups. Animals of the latter groups were treated ip with 150 mg/kg bw FN in corn oil, 457 mg/kg bw TRI in corn oil, TRI plus FN separated by different time intervals. Bone marrow cells were harvested for determination of micronuclei (MN) frequencies in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE). The presence of the known metabolite of TRI, trichloroethanol (TCE), was quantitated in collected urine by gas chromatography using an electron-capture detector. Linear regression analysis shows that MN frequency by TRI is correlated with TCE concentration in urine. Observed potentiation of genotoxicity of TRI by FN pretreatment (1 hr before TRI treatment) apparently reflects changes in the spectra of enzymes involved in TRI metabolism, and altered toxicokinetic, as witnessed by the 20% difference in TCE excretion from combined treated mice. However, no increased genetic or metabolic effects were observed when FN was administered 3 hr before TRI. No significant interactive effects were observed at a genetic level when FN was administered 1 hr and 3 hr after TRI whereas a 33 to 47% loss in TCE excretion was recorded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hrelia, P AU - Maffei, F AU - Vigagni, F AU - Fimognari, C AU - Flori, P AU - Stanzani, R AU - Cantelli Forti, G AD - Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Universita di Bologna, Italy. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 31 EP - 34 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts KW - Micronuclei KW - Erythrocytes KW - Stereospecificity KW - Bone marrow KW - Metabolites KW - corn KW - Oil KW - Gas chromatography KW - Regression analysis KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Manganese KW - Potentiation KW - Genotoxicity KW - Solvents KW - Enzymes KW - Mice KW - trichloroethanol KW - Urine KW - Fungicides KW - Pesticides KW - Metabolic activation KW - Excretion KW - Metabolism KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Interactive+effects+between+trichloroethylene+and+pesticides+at+metabolic+and+genetic+level+in+mice.&rft.au=Hrelia%2C+P%3BMaffei%2C+F%3BVigagni%2C+F%3BFimognari%2C+C%3BFlori%2C+P%3BStanzani%2C+R%3BCantelli+Forti%2C+G&rft.aulast=Hrelia&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+9&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Potentiation; Genotoxicity; Stereospecificity; Erythrocytes; Micronuclei; Bone marrow; Solvents; Enzymes; Oil; trichloroethanol; Gas chromatography; Urine; Pesticides; Fungicides; Regression analysis; Metabolic activation; Excretion; Trichloroethylene; Manganese; Metabolites; Mice; corn; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotyping for polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolism as a predictor of disease susceptibility. AN - 21252408; 11701664 AB - Polymorphisms in many xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes occur leading to variation in the level of enzyme expression in vivo. Enzymes showing such polymorphisms include the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 and the phase two metabolism enzymes glutathione S-transferase MI (GSTMI) and arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). In the past, these polymorphisms have been studied by phenotyping using in vivo administration of probe drugs. However, the mutations which give rise to several of these polymorphisms have now been identified and genotyping assays for polymorphisms in CYP1A1, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, GSTMI, and NAT2 have been developed. Specific phenotypes for several of the polymorphic enzymes have been associated with increased susceptibility to malignancy, particularly lung and bladder cancer, and Parkinson's disease. These associations are likely to be due to altered activation or detoxication of chemicals initiating these diseases, including components of tobacco smoke and neurotoxins. The substrate specificity and tissue distribution of polymorphic enzymes implicated in disease causation discussed with particular reference to previously described disease-phenotype associations. Images Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Daly, A K AU - Cholerton, S AU - Armstrong, M AU - Idle, J R AD - Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Medical School, England. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 55 EP - 61 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Smoke KW - urinary bladder KW - Cytochrome KW - Tobacco KW - Enzymes KW - Xenobiotics KW - Neurotoxins KW - Metabolism KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21252408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Genotyping+for+polymorphisms+in+xenobiotic+metabolism+as+a+predictor+of+disease+susceptibility.&rft.au=Daly%2C+A+K%3BCholerton%2C+S%3BArmstrong%2C+M%3BIdle%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Daly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+9&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoke; Chemicals; urinary bladder; Cytochrome; Tobacco; Enzymes; Xenobiotics; Neurotoxins; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of air pollution on lung cancer: a Poisson regression model based on vital statistics. AN - 21251691; 11701660 AB - This article describes a Poisson regression model for time trends of mortality to detect the long-term effects of common levels of air pollution on lung cancer, in which the adjustment for cigarette smoking is not always necessary. The main hypothesis to be tested in the model is that if the long-term and common-level air pollution had an effect on lung cancer, the death rate from lung cancer could be expected to increase gradually at a higher rate in the region with relatively high levels of air pollution than in the region with low levels, and that this trend would not be expected for other control diseases in which cigarette smoking is a risk factor. Using this approach, we analyzed the trend of mortality in females aged 40 to 79, from lung cancer and two control diseases, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, based on vital statistics in 23 wards of the Tokyo metropolitan area for 1972 to 1988. Ward-specific mean levels per day of SO2 and NO2 from 1974 through 1976 estimated by Makino (1978) were used as the ward-specific exposure measure of air pollution. No data on tobacco consumption in each ward is available. Our analysis supported the existence of long-term effects of air pollution on lung cancer. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tango, T AD - Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 41 EP - 45 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Cigarettes KW - Pollution effects KW - Cancer KW - heart diseases KW - Air pollution KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Tobacco KW - Japan, Honshu, Tokyo Prefect., Tokyo KW - metropolitan areas KW - vital statistics KW - Lung cancer KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effect+of+air+pollution+on+lung+cancer%3A+a+Poisson+regression+model+based+on+vital+statistics.&rft.au=Tango%2C+T&rft.aulast=Tango&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+8&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Mortality; Sulfur dioxide; Cigarettes; Cigarette smoking; Tobacco; Pollution effects; metropolitan areas; heart diseases; vital statistics; Cancer; Lung cancer; Japan, Honshu, Tokyo Prefect., Tokyo ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The mechanism of dioxin toxicity: relationship to risk assessment. AN - 21251399; 11703586 AB - Risk characterization involves hazard identification, determination of dose-response relationships, and exposure assessment. Improvement of the risk assessment process requires inclusion of the best available science. Recent findings in the area of dioxin toxicity have led to a major effort to reassess its risk. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), commonly referred to as "dioxin," is the most toxic member of a class of related chemicals including the polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls, naphthalenes, azo- and azoxy-benzenes, whose toxicities can be expressed as fractional equivalencies of TCDD. These chemicals exert their effects through interaction with a specific intracellular protein, the Ah receptor. While binding to the receptor is necessary, it is not sufficient to bring about a chain of events leading to various responses including enzyme induction, immunotoxicity, reproductive and endocrine effects, developmental toxicity, chloracne, tumor promotion, etc. Some of these responses appear to be linear at low doses. Immunotoxicity and effects on the reproductive system appear to be among the most sensitive responses. The Ah receptor functions as a transcriptional enhancer, interacting with a number of other regulatory proteins (heat shock proteins, kinases, translocases, DNA binding species). Interaction with specific base sequences in the DNA appear to be modulated by the presence of other growth factors, hormones and their receptors as well as other regulatory proteins. Thus, dioxin appears to function as a hormone, initiating a cascade of events that is dependent upon the environment of each cell and tissue. While Ah receptor variants exist, all vertebrates examined have demonstrated such a protein with similar numbers of receptors and binding affinity for TCDD. Most species respond similarly to dioxin and related compounds. While a given species may be an outlier for a given response, it will behave like other animals for other responses. For both in vivo and in vitro end points where animal and human data exist, such as enzyme induction, chloracne, immunotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and cancer, the sensitivity of humans appears similar to that of experimental animals. Current levels of environmental exposure to this class of chemicals may be resulting in subtle responses in populations at special risk such as subsistence fisherman and the developing infant, as well as in the general population. Increased understanding of the mechanism of dioxin's effects as well as elucidation of exposure-dose relationships is leading to the development of a biologically based dose-response model in the ongoing process of incorporating the best science into the risk assessment of TCDD and related compounds. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 157 EP - 167 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Risk assessment KW - translocase KW - Heat shock proteins KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - tumors KW - Hormones KW - Dioxins KW - Reproductive system KW - regulatory proteins KW - Dose-response effects KW - Growth factors KW - immunotoxicity KW - growth factors KW - Sensitivity KW - Chloracne KW - Data processing KW - Tumorigenesis KW - Transcription KW - TCDD KW - Enzymes KW - Toxicity KW - Cancer KW - Biphenyl KW - Enhancers KW - Immunotoxicity KW - Dibenzofuran KW - Dibenzo-p-dioxin KW - DNA KW - Proteins KW - Aryl hydrocarbon receptors KW - Dioxin KW - Infants KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+mechanism+of+dioxin+toxicity%3A+relationship+to+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+9&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; translocase; Heat shock proteins; Nucleotide sequence; Hormones; Reproductive system; regulatory proteins; Dose-response effects; Growth factors; Chloracne; Data processing; Tumorigenesis; Enzymes; TCDD; Transcription; Cancer; Biphenyl; Enhancers; Immunotoxicity; Dibenzofuran; DNA; Dibenzo-p-dioxin; Aryl hydrocarbon receptors; Dioxin; Infants; Chemicals; Sensitivity; tumors; Toxicity; Dioxins; Proteins; immunotoxicity; growth factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical disposition of boron in animals and humans. AN - 21251374; 11703574 AB - Elemental boron was isolated in 1808. It typically occurs in nature as borates hydrated with varying amounts of water. Important compounds are boric acid and borax. Boron compounds are also used in the production of metals, enamels, and glasses. In trace amounts, boron is essential for the growth of many plants, and is found in animal and human tissues at low concentrations. Poisoning in humans has been reported as the result of accidental ingestion or use of large amounts in the treatment of burns. Boron as boric acid is fairly rapidly absorbed and excreted from the body via urine. The half-life of boric acid in humans is on the order of 1 day. Boron does not appear to accumulate in soft tissues of animals, but does accumulate in bone. Normal levels of boron in soft tissues, urine, and blood generally range from less than 0.05 ppm to no more than 10 ppm. In poisoning incidents, the amount of boric acid in brain and liver tissue has been reported to be as high as 2000 ppm. Recent studies at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences have indicated that boron may contribute to reduced fertility in male rodents fed 9000 ppm of boric acid in feed. Within a few days, boron levels in blood and most soft tissues quickly reached a plateau of about 15 ppm. Boron in bone did not appear to plateau, reaching 47 ppm after 7 days on the diet. Cessation of exposure to dietary boron resulted in a rapid drop in bone boron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Moseman, R F AD - Radian Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 113 EP - 117 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - Burns KW - Fertility KW - boric acid KW - Dental enamel KW - Diets KW - Metals KW - Brain KW - Poisoning KW - Disposition KW - Boron KW - Bone KW - plateaus KW - Blood KW - Urine KW - Liver KW - Soft tissues KW - T 2025:Bone and Bone Diseases KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chemical+disposition+of+boron+in+animals+and+humans.&rft.au=Moseman%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Moseman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+7&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Burns; Diets; Metals; Fertility; Poisoning; Brain; Disposition; Boron; Bone; Blood; Urine; Liver; boric acid; Soft tissues; Dental enamel; plateaus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The reproductive toxicity of boric acid. AN - 21251062; 11703576 AB - Previous studies on the reproductive toxicity of boric acid have indicated that male rodents suffer testicular atrophy after treatment. There were, however, no studies of the potential effects on female fertility or on the neonate. In addition, no study described the development of the testicular lesion, thought to be related to the mechanism of toxicity. A Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding (RACB) study using mice exposed to boric acid at 1000, 4500, and 9000 ppm in the diet indicated that there are probably multiple sites of action, although male fertility appears very sensitive. Possible effects on female fertility cannot be separated from potential developmental toxicity and need additional investigation. Decrements in sperm motility were observed at all exposure levels, and testicular atrophy was confirmed in high- and middle-dose-group males. This was investigated further by timed serial-sacrifice studies using 9000 ppm in the diet of rats, which found that the first lesion seen in the testis was an inhibition of spermiation (release of mature spermatids). With continued dosing, this was followed by a disorganization of the normal ordered layering of the seminiferous epithelium, germ cell sloughing and death, and finally, atrophy. Subsequent studies using additional doses (2000, 3000, 4500, 6000, and 9000 ppm) found that it was possible to observe inhibited spermiation that did not progress to atrophy (4500 ppm and below) within the 9-week exposure period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 1. A Figure 1. B Figure 1. C Figure 1. D JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chapin, R E AU - Ku, W W AD - National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 87 EP - 91 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Testes KW - Mortality KW - Fertility KW - Germ cells KW - Sperm KW - Toxicity KW - Rats KW - Motility KW - breeding KW - Spermatids KW - Breeding KW - Lesions KW - Epithelium KW - boric acid KW - Atrophy KW - Neonates KW - rodents KW - X 24300:Methods KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+reproductive+toxicity+of+boric+acid.&rft.au=Chapin%2C+R+E%3BKu%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Chapin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+7&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testes; Diets; Fertility; Germ cells; Toxicity; Sperm; Motility; Breeding; Spermatids; Atrophy; boric acid; Epithelium; Neonates; Rats; Mortality; breeding; Lesions; rodents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal Stability of an Oral Killed-Cholera-Whole-Cell Vaccine Containing Recombinant B-Subunit of Cholera Toxin AN - 1492638962; 18827042 AB - An oral killed cholera vaccine containing 110 super(11) cells of Vibrio cholerae O1 (heat- or formalin-killed) representing the Ogawa and Inaba biotypes and containing 1 mg of B-subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) produced by recombinant DNA technology (the WC/rCTB vaccine) was subjected to temperatures of 4 C, 30 C or 42 C for up to 6 months time. Lipopolysaccharide antigen (LPS) and CTB content of the vaccine samples determined at various times remained unchanged during the study except for the CTB component which decreased by about 50% after 6 months of storage at 42 C. Immunogenicity determined by immunization of rabbits with the vaccine in Freund's complete adjuvant and measuring anti-LPS and anti-CTB antibody titers in the serum by an ELISA was also found to be unaltered. Lyophilization of the vaccine and storage at room temperature for 7 days also did not have any adverse effect on antigen content or immunogenicity as tested above. There was up to one log reduction in serum antibody titers after immunization without using any adjuvant or using Freund's incomplete adjuvant, and up to two logs following oral immunization. Immunization by oral feeding of the vaccine followed by RITARD challenge with a virulent V. cholerae O1 strain showed evidence of protection against severe or lethal diarrhea. The results suggest that the vaccine retains its antigen content and ability to induce antibodies unchanged when maintained at elevated temperatures for relatively long periods of time. JF - Microbiology and Immunology AU - Ahmed, Zia Uddin AU - Hoque, Mohammad Mainul AU - Rahman, Abu Syed Mohammad Hamidur AU - Sack, Richard Bradley AD - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR B), G.P.O. Box 128, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 837 EP - 842 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 38 IS - 11 SN - 0385-5600, 0385-5600 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccine KW - killed-vibrio KW - cholera-toxin KW - Temperature effects KW - Feeding KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Biotypes KW - Diarrhea KW - Freeze-drying KW - Adjuvants KW - Immunization KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - Antibodies KW - Freund's incomplete adjuvant KW - Cholera toxin KW - Immunogenicity KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Cholera KW - Vaccines KW - Thermal stability KW - Side effects KW - J 02350:Immunology KW - F 06910:Microorganisms & Parasites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1492638962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology+and+Immunology&rft.atitle=Thermal+Stability+of+an+Oral+Killed-Cholera-Whole-Cell+Vaccine+Containing+Recombinant+B-Subunit+of+Cholera+Toxin&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Zia+Uddin%3BHoque%2C+Mohammad+Mainul%3BRahman%2C+Abu+Syed+Mohammad+Hamidur%3BSack%2C+Richard+Bradley&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Zia&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology+and+Immunology&rft.issn=03855600&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1348-0421.1994.tb02135.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Feeding; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Diarrhea; Biotypes; Adjuvants; Freeze-drying; Immunization; Antibodies; Freund's incomplete adjuvant; Immunogenicity; Cholera toxin; Lipopolysaccharides; Cholera; Thermal stability; Vaccines; Side effects; Vibrio cholerae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1994.tb02135.x ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Improving America's Schools Act: An Overview of P.L. 103-382. CRS Report for Congress. AN - 62728961; ED379792 AB - The Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 (IASA) was signed into law on October 20, 1994, as P.L. 103-382. The legislation reauthorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) through fiscal year 1999. The ESEA authorizes most federal elementary and secondary education programs, including the Title I program to provide compensatory education to educationally disadvantaged students. It also amends other legislation and establishes new programs outside of the ESEA. The amendments made to the ESEA reflect the following themes: (1) the creation of linkages between major ESEA programs and systemic education reform; (2) increased administrative flexibility for states, localities, and schools; (3) a new focus on several areas of emerging educational and social interest; and (4) somewhat greater targeting on students and schools with high needs. Among the major programs amended or established are the Title I program, the Dwight D. Eisenhower Professional Development program, the Technology for Education of All Students, the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act, the Bilingual Education Act, the Public Charter Schools program, the Fund for the Improvement of Education, the Innovative Education Program Strategies, and Impact Aid. Appendices summarize funding levels for ESEA and IASA programs and compare provisions in prior law with the ESEA (as amended by the IASA). Four tables are included. (LMI) AU - Stedman, James B. Y1 - 1994/10/28/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Oct 28 SP - 54 VL - CRS-94-872-EPW KW - Goals 2000 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Federal Regulation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educationally Disadvantaged KW - Federal State Relationship KW - State Federal Aid KW - Educational Improvement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62728961?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Eisenhower Professional Development Program: Moving beyond Math and Science. CRS Report for Congress. AN - 62747976; ED383553 AB - This report provides an analysis of the Eisenhower Professional Development program. It briefly considers the educational context within which the 103d Congress acted to convert the Dwight D. Eisenhower Mathematics and Science Education Act into the current program covering a much broader array of subject areas and briefly reviews the structure of the program under prior law. Provisions of the current program are delineated with particular attention to the curricular areas covered; the allocation of funding; and activities at the federal, state, local, and higher education levels. Finally, several issues likely to affect future development of the program are analyzed, including the level of the annual appropriation; the ability of local educational agencies to provide high quality, sustained, intensive professional development; and the growing demand for professional development as curriculum content standards are established in each of the core subject areas of English, math, science, foreign languages, civics and government, economics, arts, history, and geography. (MKR) AU - Stedman, James B. Y1 - 1994/10/26/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Oct 26 SP - 17 VL - CRS-94-846-EPW KW - Dwight D Eisenhower Math and Science Educ Program KW - Dwight D Eisenhower Professional Development Prog KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Practitioners KW - Science Education KW - Financial Support KW - Federal Programs KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - School Funds KW - Professional Development KW - Mathematics Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62747976?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Promising Practices: Parental Involvement in School. Hearing to Promote Parental Involvement in Their Children's Education, before the Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62641627; ED386321 AB - These Congressional hearing transcripts present testimony on the need to encourage parent involvement in children's education, focusing on national and local programs and activities designed to promote such involvement. Testimony was heard from: (1) Senators Christopher J. Dodd and James M. Jeffords; (2) Secretary of Education Richard W. Riley; (2) the chair of the National Coalition for Parental Involvement in Education; (3) a mother and her 11th-grade daughter; (4) the executive director of the Vermont Chamber of Commerce's business-education partnership; (5) a mother of three children; and (6) a high school principal. The prepared statements of four of the witnesses and related materials are appended. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/10/07/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Oct 07 SP - 63 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160461413 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Student Attitudes KW - Parent School Relationship KW - Government Role KW - Parent Participation KW - Hearings KW - Parent Attitudes KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Administrator Attitudes KW - Educational Attitudes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62641627?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Combating Drugs in America: Putting the Drug Strategy into Action. Hearing on Examining the Administration's Drug Strategy and How It Relates to the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (Public Law 103-322) before the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62562280; ED403507 AB - Following the passage of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, a Senate hearing was held to examine whether the prescriptions set forth in the Act could function and how they could be implemented as part of the U.S. government's drug strategy. This transcript of the hearing contains statements (in order) by: Senators Joseph R. Biden and Orrin G. Hatch; Lee P. Brown, Office of National Drug Control Policy; a panel consisting of Robert L. Smith, Department of Public Safety, Tampa, Florida, Robert L. Allen, community activist, Tampa, Claire McCaskill, Kansas City, Missouri county prosecutor and vice president of the National Association of Drug Court Professionals, and John Ratelle, correctional facility warden in San Diego, California; and John P. Walters, Office of National Drug Control Policy. An appendix provides questions from two senators to Lee P. Brown and his responses, questions from Senator Biden to three others present and their responses, and a letter to Senator Biden from a professor of criminal justice. (LSR) Y1 - 1994/10/05/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Oct 05 SP - 127 SN - 0160526353 KW - Violent Crime Control Act 1994 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drug Legislation KW - Drug Addiction KW - Hearings KW - Policy Analysis KW - Administrative Policy KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Drug Use KW - Legislation KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62562280?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. J-103-74. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Job Corps Program. Hearing of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources on Examining Proposals To Reform and Consolidate Federal Job Training Programs. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62737979; ED377346 AB - This report contains testimony regarding various proposals to reform and consolidate federal job training programs, with special attention to the provision, benefits, problems, and funding needs of the Job Corps program. Statements by the following individuals are presented: U.S. Senators from the states of Illinois, Vermont, Utah, Kansas, Iowa, and Rhode Island; the Secretary of Labor, Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Labor, and the department's Assistant Inspector General for Audit; representatives of Job Corps centers in three cities (Lopez and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Clearfield, Utah); the director of Partners in Vocational Opportunities Training in Portland, Oregon; and professors from Swarthmore College and Northwestern University. Appendixes constituting approximately 50% of this report include prepared statements submitted by 10 of the witnesses, a letter from the National Job Corps Alumni Association, a letter from the National Association of Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Alumni; and a resolution recommending that the U.S. Congress fund the Job Corps program. (MN) Y1 - 1994/10/04/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Oct 04 SP - 88 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016046126X KW - Congress 103rd KW - Job Corps KW - Program Consolidation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Coordination KW - Educational Needs KW - Job Training KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Educational Benefits KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Programs KW - Educational Change KW - Hearings KW - Vocational Education KW - Employment Programs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62737979?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Document contains some small type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can cohort studies detect any human cancer excess that may result from exposure to dioxin? Maybe. AN - 77716991; 7846306 AB - We use the available information about concentrations of dioxin in highly exposed humans along with estimates of the half-life of dioxin and durations of exposure to calculate lifetime average daily doses (LADDs) of dioxin in those populations. We compare those LADDs to the LADDs of dioxin used in rodent carcinogen tests, and we also compare the tissue levels of dioxin in exposed humans and the test rodents. Using the maximum likelihood estimate of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) calculated potency factor for the carcinogenicity of dioxin, we calculate the number of cancers that dioxin might be expected to cause in the exposed human populations. If dioxin causes an increase in total cancers or of a common cancer such as lung cancer, the calculated expected increases in cancer are below the limit of detectability in epidemiologic studies. If, on the other hand, dioxin causes a tumor with incidence comparable to that of soft tissue sarcomas, the calculated expected increases should be detectable in dioxin-exposed chemical workers and in the Seveso population. Our calculations lead to the conclusion that the failure of epidemiology to produce convincing evidence of any chronic human health effects from dioxin probably results from the relatively low exposures experienced by humans. From our analyses, there is no reason to allude to differential sensitivities between test animals and humans to explain the lack of convincing evidence for dioxin causing human cancers. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Boroush, M AU - Gough, M AD - Office of Technology Assessment, United States Congress, Washington, DC 20510. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 198 EP - 210 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Humans KW - Body Burden KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Risk Assessment KW - Dioxins -- adverse effects KW - Dioxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Sarcoma -- chemically induced KW - Sarcoma -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77716991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Can+cohort+studies+detect+any+human+cancer+excess+that+may+result+from+exposure+to+dioxin%3F+Maybe.&rft.au=Boroush%2C+M%3BGough%2C+M&rft.aulast=Boroush&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Federal Support for Education. Fiscal Years 1980 to 1994. AN - 62746011; ED378235 AB - This report attempts to provide a comprehensive picture of total Federal financial support for education since fiscal year 1980. To give as complete a picture as possible, support from agencies other than the Department of Education has been included. To the extent possible, outlays (rather than amounts committed) are used, with the exception of funds for academic research at institutions of higher education. Federal education funding is divided into on-budget support, off-budget support, and non-Federal funds generated by Federal programs. Current and constant dollar comparisons are also used. Federal support for education, excluding estimated Federal tax expenditures, was an estimated $87.6 billion in fiscal year (FY) 1994, an increase of $24.8 billion (39%) since FY 1990. After adjustment for inflation, Federal support increased 22% between FY 1990 and FY 1994. Over 59% of this support, excluding estimated federal tax expenditures, went to educational institutions, and another 17% went to student support. The remainder went to lending agencies, libraries, museums, and Federal institutions. Schools and colleges derive about 11% of their revenues from the Federal government. Nine tables and three figures illustrate the discussion. Six appendixes give detailed tables of estimated support categories. Appendices provide six more tables of data. (SLD) AU - Hoffman, Charlene M. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 49 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-096 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Public Agencies KW - Federal Aid KW - Government Role KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Higher Education KW - Budgets KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62746011?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study. Second Follow-up Field Test Report; BPS: 90/94. Technical Report. AN - 62743854; ED378236 AB - This document is a summary and evaluation of methodological procedures and results for the field test of the Beginning Postsecondary Student Longitudinal Study Second Followup, 1990-94 (BPS:90/94). The BPS study is a departure from previous studies in that it starts with a cohort of individuals as they enter their postsecondary studies regardless of when they completed high school. As a result, information is becoming available about nontraditional students who have delayed the completion of their education. All types of postsecondary students (academic, vocational/occupational, and technical) are included and can be represented in known proportions. An introduction considers the background, purposes, and scheduled products of the BPS study. Chapter 2 describes study design and method. Operating control systems implemented for the study are described in chapter 3. Details and descriptions of data locating and collection activities and outcomes are given in chapter 4, and data quality is examined in chapter 5. Supporting documentation is presented in four appendixes. Eight figures and 42 tables contain information about conducting the study. (SLD) AU - Pratt, Daniel J. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 276 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-370 KW - Beginning Postsecondary Students Long Study KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Reentry Students KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Research Methodology KW - National Surveys KW - Field Tests KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Research Design KW - Cohort Analysis KW - Followup Studies KW - Data Processing KW - Data Collection KW - Nontraditional Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62743854?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - State Higher Education Profiles. A Comparison of State Higher Education Data for Fiscal Year 1991. Seventh Edition. AN - 62742584; ED376779 AB - This volume offers a comprehensive state-by-state look at higher education in the United States using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. The book contains 14 basic tables for each state, the District of Columbia, and the nation as a whole. The data for each state is as follows: Table 1 indicates the number and average size of institutions in the context of all postsecondary institutions in a state; tables 2 and 3 describe enrollment in higher education institutions by distribution of full-time equivalent students and by control and level of institution; table 4 presents the average salary of full-time faculty; tables 5 and 6 show education and general revenues; tables 7 and 8 display how institutions spend their money; table 9 shows scholarship and fellowship expenditures per students and expenditures per full-time faculty; table 10 indicates the labor-intensiveness of certain institutional functions; tables 11 through 13 present the distribution of degrees and other awards; and table 14 shows enrollment by race-ethnicity, data included for the first time in this edition. Extensive appendixes contain a glossary of terms, a list of institutions by state, technical notes, tables showing instructional activity at institutions in 1990-91, instructional activity by state, and the basic 14 tables for Puerto Rico. (JB) AU - Barbett, Samuel Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 1254 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160453550 KW - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System KW - State Characteristics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Ethnicity KW - Student Characteristics KW - Race KW - Higher Education KW - Teacher Salaries KW - Income KW - College Faculty KW - Expenditures KW - Demography KW - Degrees (Academic) KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Colleges KW - Enrollment KW - Statistical Data KW - Universities KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62742584?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - 1,254p. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Characteristics of the Nation's Postsecondary Institutions: Academic Year 1993-94. E.D. TABS. AN - 62742189; ED375698 AB - This report uses national survey data to describe in 16 data tables the characteristics of the institutions of higher education in the United States in 1993-94. Data used are from the Institutional Characteristics survey of the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Tables 1-6 A-C cover postsecondary schools, including 4-year, 2-year, and less-than-2-year institutions, both academic, occupational, and vocational. Tables 7 through 12 A-C are limited to higher education institutions. The tables offer data on numbers of institutions, average institutional charges, percent change in charges, and number of institutions offering a selection of student services. Highlights of the data include: (1) over 10,500 schools in the United States and outlying areas offered some level of postsecondary education and of these 43 percent were less-than-2-year private, for-profit institutions offering occupational programs; (2) nearly 2,800 schools offered programs at the baccalaureate level or higher; (3) four states list more than 500 postsecondary schools each: California, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas; (4) public institutions are more likely to offer student services than private nonprofit schools; (5) more than half of all postsecondary institutions offer academic/career counseling services, placement services for program completers, and employment services for current students while nearly half offer access for the mobility impaired. (JB) AU - Boyles, Susan G. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 34 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-388 KW - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Public Colleges KW - Private Colleges KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Tuition KW - Fees KW - Accessibility (for Disabled) KW - Proprietary Schools KW - Colleges KW - Vocational Schools KW - Student Personnel Services KW - Student Costs KW - Nonprofit Organizations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62742189?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. First Follow-up Final Technical Report, Base Year to First Follow-up. AN - 62740048; ED379315 AB - Technical aspects of the first followup survey for the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) are documented and summarized. Some information overlaps materials in the users' manuals for this followup, such as the overview and general descriptions of data collection, sampling, weighting, variance estimation, nonresponse patterns, and discussions of data control and processing. Unique to this report are: (1) psychometric documentation of the NELS:88 first followup tests; (2) documentation of the confidentiality and deductive disclosure analyses conducted with first followup data; (3) the detailed report on the base year ineligibles study; (4) expanded standard error/design effects tables; (5) samples of district contact letters and permission forms; (6) documentation of the update of addresses for the High School and Beyond Study; (7) content abstracts of publications about the NELS:88; (8) Spanish language survey instrumentation; and (9) a glossary of study terms. Sixteen figures and 26 tables present followup data and statistical information, and 11 appendixes contain supplemental and detailed information about methodology. (SLD) AU - Ingels, Steven J. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 393 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-632 KW - National Education Longitudinal Study 1988 KW - Variance (Statistical) KW - Weighting (Statistical) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Spanish KW - Research Methodology KW - Error of Measurement KW - National Surveys KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Psychometrics KW - Eligibility KW - Secondary Education KW - Followup Studies KW - Data Processing KW - Data Collection KW - Sampling KW - Data Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62740048?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Some appendixes contain filled-in type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Faculty and Instructional Staff: Who Are They and What Do They Do? 1993 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty. Survey Report. AN - 62739202; ED375792 AB - This publication is the first to be released from the 1993 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF93), a study about faculty and instructional staff (n=31,354) in higher education institutions. Through text, tables, and figures, it analyzes the number and representation of faculty and instructional staff, employment status, principal activity, principal discipline of teaching, and racial/ethnic representation in the various teaching disciplines. Technical notes about the study are provided. Tables include: percentage distribution of faculty and instructional staff, by employment status, type and control of institution, rank, race/ethnicity, and gender; percentage distribution of full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff, by principal activity, type and control of institution, rank, race/ethnicity, and gender; percentage distribution of full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff, by activity and faculty status, type and control of institution, rank, race/ethnicity, and gender; percentage distribution of full-time and part-time faculty and staff with any instructional responsibilities, by race/ethnicity, gender, type and control of institution, program area, and rank; and standard errors of the proportions of full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff, by type and control of institution, rank, race/ethnicity, and gender. (JDD) AU - Zimbler, Linda J. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 44 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160453259 KW - National Study of Postsecondary Faculty KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Full Time Faculty KW - Employment Level KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Part Time Faculty KW - Ethnicity KW - Race KW - Higher Education KW - Academic Rank (Professional) KW - Tables (Data) KW - College Faculty UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62739202?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - America's Mathematics Problem: Raising Student Achievement. A Synthesis of Findings from NAEP's 1992 Mathematics Assessment. AN - 62736098; ED377058 AB - This booklet summarizes findings from data on mathematics achievement gathered on the 1992 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) for grades 4, 8, and 12. Approximately 26,000 4th, 8th, and 12th graders in 1,500 public and private schools participated in the national assessment. Information included in the report are: trends in achievement between 1990 and 1992, distribution of overall mathematics proficiency organized by state for grades 4, 8, and 12, performance on and examples of constructed-response questions, national results for demographic subgroups on two regular constructed-response tasks and an extended-response task, example of an extended-response task with scoring guide and sample responses, the school context for learning mathematics, trends and trouble spots in mathematics instruction, school effectiveness, background questionnaires, and procedures and methods. Findings for the performance of students on extended constructed-response questions include: (1) Approximately one-third to two-thirds of the students provided incorrect responses; (2) Substantial percentages of students left their papers blank; (3) Most students who did seem to understand the problems had difficulty explaining their work; and (4) From 1 to 16 percent of the students provided extended responses to each one of the tasks. On regular constructed-response questions, the average percentage correct by grade level was 42% for grade 4, 53% for grade 8, and 40% for grade 12. (MKR) AU - Mullis, Ina V. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 41 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NAEP-23-FR-03; NCES-94-703 KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Word Problems (Mathematics) KW - Grade 8 KW - Grade 12 KW - Questionnaires KW - Mathematics Instruction KW - Grade 4 KW - Mathematics Achievement KW - Mathematics Tests KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Mathematics Education KW - Problem Solving UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62736098?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Effective Schools in Mathematics: Perspectives from the NAEP 1992 Assessment. Research and Development Report. AN - 62735018; ED377059 AB - This research report provides information about the school context for learning mathematics and highlights some factors that National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) analyses have found to be associated with effective schooling. Approximately 26,000 4th, 8th, and 12th graders in 1,500 public and private schools participated in the national assessment of mathematics. Data reported from questionnaire responses of students and school principals relate to school socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, student absenteeism, students changing schools, school problems and climate, high schools where students are college bound, impetuses for curriculum and instructional change, home support for academic achievement, mathematics classroom instruction, tracking, and course taking in grades 8 and 12. The most effective schools had students who watched less television, changed schools less often, were subject to only a moderate amount of testing in their mathematics classes (weekly to monthly), took more advanced courses, had positive attitudes toward academics, had fewer problems in the schools, and did mathematics and used calculators more frequently. The effectiveness of private schools was similar to that of public schools in which students, teachers, and parents have positive attitudes toward academics, and where few problems exist. At grades 4 and 8, a more stable student body with students who changed schools fewer times was associated with higher school effectiveness. In summary, students' home background and school socioeconomic indicators were powerful influences on academic achievement in mathematics. (MKR) AU - Mullis, Ina V. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 116 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NAEP-23-RR-01; NCES-94-701 KW - Mathematics Education Research KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Grade 8 KW - Grade 12 KW - Socioeconomic Influences KW - Questionnaires KW - Mathematics Instruction KW - Family Influence KW - Grade 4 KW - Mathematics Achievement KW - School Effectiveness KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Students UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62735018?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Literacy behind Prison Walls. Profiles of the Prison Population from the National Adult Literacy Survey. AN - 62733586; ED377325 AB - During the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS), trained staff interviewed nearly 1,150 inmates in 80 federal and state prisons that had been randomly selected to represent prisons across the country. Survey participants completed diverse literacy tasks and answered questions regarding demographic characteristics, educational background, and reading practices. The interview findings were synthesized into a report focusing on inmates' literacy skills, experiences before and during improvement, recidivism, and literacy practices and self-perception. Among the study's major findings were the following: approximately 7 in 10 prisoners surveyed performed at levels 1 and 2 of the prose, document, and quantitative scales of the NALS; prisoners' reading proficiencies were substantially lower than those of the general household population; prisoners' educational attainment was highly correlated with literacy proficiency; White inmates demonstrated higher levels of proficiency than Black inmates, who, in turn, demonstrated higher levels of proficiency than Hispanic inmates; and 36% of prisoners reported having at least one disability compared with 26% of the general household population. (Appended are the following: information on interpreting the literacy scales, tables, overview of procedures used in the NALS, definitions of all subpopulations and variables reported, and names/addresses of participants in the development process. Fifty-six tables/figures are included.) (MN) AU - Haigler, Karl O. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 185 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-102 KW - National Adult Literacy Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Literacy KW - Individual Characteristics KW - Reading Skills KW - National Surveys KW - Educational Needs KW - Recidivism KW - Prisoners KW - Correctional Education KW - Demography KW - Adult Basic Education KW - Reading Achievement KW - Educational Practices KW - Tables (Data) KW - Literacy Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62733586?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Digest of Education Statistics, 1994. AN - 62733289; ED377253 AB - This edition is the 30th in a series of publications initiated in 1962. Its primary purpose is to provide a compilation of statistical information covering the broad field of American education from kindergarten through graduate school. The "Digest" includes a selection of data from many sources, and draws especially on the results of surveys and activities of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). The publication contains information on a variety of subjects, including: (1) numbers of schools and colleges; (2) numbers of teachers; (3) enrollments; (4) graduates; (5) educational attainment; (6) finances; (7) Federal funds for education; (8) employment and income of graduates; (9) libraries; and (10) international comparisons of education. Supplemental information is provided on population trends, attitudes toward education, educational characteristics of the labor force, government finances, and economic trends. Some information is also given on preschool and adult education. Data are presented in 411 tables, with an additional 20 tables in an appendix. (SLD) AU - Snyder, Thomas D. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 584 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160452511 KW - National Center for Education Statistics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - High School Graduates KW - Federal Aid KW - Government Role KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Educational Attainment KW - Income KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Libraries KW - Public Education KW - Enrollment KW - College Graduates KW - Statistical Data KW - Employment Patterns KW - Population Trends KW - Trend Analysis KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - Labor Force KW - Economic Factors KW - International Studies KW - Tables (Data) KW - Private Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62733289?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - How School Mathematics Functions: Perspectives from the NAEP 1990 and 1992 Assessments. AN - 62733201; ED377057 AB - This report of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) focuses on students' and teachers' reports about the classroom contexts for learning school mathematics in the top-performing one-third of schools compared to the bottom performing one-third. In 1990, 26,652 students from 1,237 schools participated in the study, while in 1992, 26,669 students from 1,582 schools were included. Data presented relate to program and curricular emphases, mathematics teachers and their classes, instructional approaches, calculators and computers, students' perceptions about mathematics, and students' mathematics course taking. Major findings were that in the two-year period from 1990 to 1992 the following signs of progress were noted: (1) Students reported taking more advanced coursework; (2) Teachers reported moving toward a more broadly-based curriculum; (3) Students and teachers reported more access to and use of calculators and computers; (4) Students were doing more daily problem solving from their textbooks; and (5) Students reported more positive attitudes about the value of mathematics. On the other hand, teachers continued to report discrepancies in resource availability and expectations between top- and bottom-performing schools, and teachers and students reported very little change in the frequency with which students were asked to engage in extended problem-solving activity. An appendix contains an overview of procedures used in NAEP's 1992 Mathematics Assessment. (MKR) AU - Dossey, John A. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 161 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NAEP-23-FR-02; NCES-94-702 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Grade 12 KW - Elementary School Students KW - Questionnaires KW - Mathematics Instruction KW - Computers KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Mathematics Education KW - Grade 8 KW - Student Attitudes KW - Grade 4 KW - Mathematics Curriculum KW - Mathematics Teachers KW - Calculators KW - High School Students KW - Junior High School Students UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62733201?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Basic Student Charges at Postsecondary Institutions: Academic Year 1993-94. Tuition and Required Fees and Room and Board Charges at 4-Year, 2-Year, and Public Less-than-2-Year Institutions. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62726430; ED380000 AB - This report lists the typical tuition and required fees and room and board charges for academic year 1993-94 at more than 5,000 of the 5,700 four-year, two-year, and public less-than-two-year postsecondary institutions in the United States and its outlying areas. Included are tuition and fee charges to in-state and out-of-state students at the undergraduate and graduate levels, along with the costs for room and board and the number of meals per week covered by the board charge. The report includes several tables with national statistics on tuition and required fees. These data are followed by data on tuition and required fees and room and board charges at individual institutions, by state, including: (1) public and private four-year institutions; (2) public and private two-year institutions; and (3) public less-than-two-year institutions. Another table lists tuition and required fees for first-professional degree programs. Data were collected through the 1993-94 "Institutional Characteristics" survey conducted annually as part of the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. (JDD) AU - Barbett, Samuel F. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 165 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160453240 KW - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Students KW - Parents KW - Counselors KW - Practitioners KW - Two Year Colleges KW - In State Students KW - Graduate Study KW - Undergraduate Study KW - Food Service KW - Public Colleges KW - Private Colleges KW - Higher Education KW - Tuition KW - Fees KW - Out of State Students KW - Dormitories KW - Student Costs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62726430?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1992-93 report, see ED 365 261. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kallahan Invocations to the Dead AN - 58277845; 9503254 AB - Invocations used by the Kallahan-speaking people of the northern Philippines are examined. Invocations in the form of benedictions of ancestors (la'tuk) are constructed from four speech activities: addressing, appealing, giving examples, & argumentation. Invocations assume shared experiences between the speaker & the ancestor personified by a living member of his/her family. Both analogies to & differences from normal dialogue are found in these invocations. Four ways in which pragmatic concerns affect the understanding of invocations are discussed. 7 References. Adapted from the source document JF - L'Homme AU - Thomas, Phillip L AU - Afable, Patricia O AD - Library Congress, Washington DC 20540 Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 89 EP - 99 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0439-4216, 0439-4216 KW - Kallahan (Austronesian, Philippines) invocations, structure /pragmatic aspects KW - Austronesian Languages (06650) KW - Religions (72750) KW - Speech Acts (82400) KW - Pragmatics (66850) KW - Dyadic Interaction (20150) KW - article KW - 4910: anthropological linguistics; anthropological linguistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58277845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Allba&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Homme&rft.atitle=Kallahan+Invocations+to+the+Dead&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Phillip+L%3BAfable%2C+Patricia+O&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=L%27Homme&rft.issn=04394216&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - HRFAAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Religions (72750); Speech Acts (82400); Dyadic Interaction (20150); Pragmatics (66850); Austronesian Languages (06650) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Final report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra matters (3 volumes) AN - 38706153; 1402937 JF - Foreign policy AU - Walsh, Lawrence E AU - Dash, Samuel AU - Dash, Samuel Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 173 EP - 186 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office VL - 96 SN - 0015-7228, 0015-7228 KW - Political Science KW - Iran KW - Political corruption KW - U.S.A. KW - Scandals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38706153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+policy&rft.atitle=Final+report+of+the+Independent+Counsel+for+Iran%2FContra+matters+%283+volumes%29&rft.au=Walsh%2C+Lawrence+E%3BDash%2C+Samuel&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Foreign+policy&rft.issn=00157228&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 9674 2909; 11289; 433 293 14; 181 254 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical analysis and biological testing of a polar fraction of ambient air, diesel engine, and gasoline engine particulate extracts. AN - 21270313; 11701625 AB - Extracts of gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust and ambient air particles were fractionated into five fractions according to polarity on a silica gel column. Two medium polar fractions showing high genotoxic activity in the Ames test were further subfractionated, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Chemical analyses were performed by means of gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry and flame ionization and detection. The crude extracts, fractions, and subfractions were assayed with the Ames test, with and without S9, and the most abundant compounds in the subfractions are reported. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Strandell, M AU - Zakrisson, S AU - Alsberg, T AU - Westerholm, R AU - Winquist, L AU - Rannug, U AD - Laboratory for Analytical Environmental Chemistry, University of Stockholm, Solna, Sweden. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 85 EP - 92 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - AMES test KW - Gasoline KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Gas chromatography KW - Genotoxicity KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Particulates KW - Chemical analysis KW - Diesel engines KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21270313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chemical+analysis+and+biological+testing+of+a+polar+fraction+of+ambient+air%2C+diesel+engine%2C+and+gasoline+engine+particulate+extracts.&rft.au=Strandell%2C+M%3BZakrisson%2C+S%3BAlsberg%2C+T%3BWesterholm%2C+R%3BWinquist%2C+L%3BRannug%2C+U&rft.aulast=Strandell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gas chromatography; Liquid chromatography; Gasoline; AMES test; Genotoxicity; Mass spectrometry; Particulates; Diesel engines; Chemical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The carcinogenicity of methoxyl derivatives of 4-aminoazobenzene: correlation between DNA adducts and genotoxicity. AN - 21268686; 11703568 AB - To elucidate the cause of the difference in genotoxic activity between carcinogenic 3-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene (3-MeO-AAB) and noncarcinogenic 2-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene (2-MeO-AAB), we analyzed DNA adducts in the livers of rats exposed to either of these chemicals and studied the resulting biologic potential with the aid of in vitro modified M13 phage DNA. 32P-Postalbeling analysis revealed that the carcinogen 3-MeO-AAB produced 20-fold higher amounts of adducts than did 2-MeO-AAB. Five adducts were formed in the 3-MeO-AAB case whereas only one adduct was apparent in 2-MeO-AAB-treated rat. Studies of in vitro DNA replication using N-hydroxy (N-OH)-aminoazo dye-modified M13 phage DNA as a template demonstrated inhibition by 3-MeO-AAB adducts to be substantially greater than in the 2-MeO-AAB-adducts. The specificity of mutagenesis induced in M13mp9 phage DNA by these chemicals also was analyzed after transfection into SOS-induced Escherichia coli JM103, mutation frequencies being higher with N-OH-3-MeO-AAB- than N-OH-2-MeO-AAB-modified DNA. The mutation spectra differed in each case. Our data suggest that the difference in hepatocarcinogenic activity between the two chemicals depends not only on qualitative and quantitative variation in adduct formation but also on conformation changes in modified DNA. Images Figure 1. A Figure 1. B Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kojima, M AU - Degawa, M AU - Hashimoto, Y AU - Tada, M AD - Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 191 EP - 194 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Phages KW - DNA biosynthesis KW - DNA adducts KW - Data processing KW - Replication KW - Genotoxicity KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagenesis KW - Rats KW - Transfection KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Escherichia coli KW - DNA KW - Liver KW - Mutation KW - Conformation KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - J 02430:Symbiosis, Antibiosis & Phages KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21268686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+carcinogenicity+of+methoxyl+derivatives+of+4-aminoazobenzene%3A+correlation+between+DNA+adducts+and+genotoxicity.&rft.au=Kojima%2C+M%3BDegawa%2C+M%3BHashimoto%2C+Y%3BTada%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kojima&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phages; DNA adducts; DNA biosynthesis; Data processing; Replication; Genotoxicity; Carcinogens; Mutagenesis; Carcinogenicity; Transfection; Liver; Mutation; Conformation; Rats; Chemicals; DNA; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of fat and calcium in the production of foci of aberrant crypts in the colon of rats fed 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine. AN - 21264341; 11703565 AB - The modulation by dietary fat levels of intestine carcinogenesis is well documented. New developments suggest that calcium ions may also play a role. A rapid bioassay, the induction of foci of aberrant crypts in the colon, was used to explore the interaction between dietary fat and calcium. Male F344 rats 6 weeks of age were placed on diets containing 5 or 20% corn oil, and 0.04 or 0.32% calcium ion, as calcium lactate. Each dietary group was fed 400 ppm 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhlP), and negative controls received the diets alone. A positive control group was given 2 mg N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) intrarectally four times in a 2-week period. All rats were killed after 9 weeks. The intestinal tract was rinsed with Krebs-Ringer buffer. After staining a 6-cm segment of the descending colon and rectum with 0.2% methylene blue, foci of aberrant crypts were evaluated microscopically. With PhlP as a carcinogen, the rats on a high-fat, low-calcium level had more foci of aberrant crypts than animals on a low-fat level. With the higher calcium level, there were fewer foci and aberrant crypts, but the effect of fat was still significant. With NMU and a low-calcium level, the effect of fat level was evident. However, with the higher calcium intake, there were considerably more foci of aberrant crypts than on the low-calcium level, and the effect of the dietary fat level was not obvious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weisburger, J H AU - Braley, J AU - Reinhardt, J AU - Aliaga, C AU - Rivenson, A AU - Hard, G C AU - Zhang, X M AU - Takahashi, M AU - Esumi, H AU - Sugimura, T AD - American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595-1599. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 53 EP - 55 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Diets KW - Ions KW - Age KW - Calcium KW - Bioassays KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Carcinogens KW - corn KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21264341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+role+of+fat+and+calcium+in+the+production+of+foci+of+aberrant+crypts+in+the+colon+of+rats+fed+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo%5B4%2C5-b%5D-pyridine.&rft.au=Weisburger%2C+J+H%3BBraley%2C+J%3BReinhardt%2C+J%3BAliaga%2C+C%3BRivenson%2C+A%3BHard%2C+G+C%3BZhang%2C+X+M%3BTakahashi%2C+M%3BEsumi%2C+H%3BSugimura%2C+T&rft.aulast=Weisburger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Rats; Ions; Age; Bioassays; Calcium; Carcinogenesis; Carcinogens; corn ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of nongenotoxic mechanisms in arylamine carcinogenesis. AN - 21261649; 11701648 AB - The growth of preneoplastic nodules during the feeding of a carcinogenic 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) regimen is preceded by several alterations in the physiologic homeostasis. Many of these alterations can be considered adaptive responses to the drug exposure. One property of AAF could be identified that clearly distinguishes this complete rat liver carcinogen from at least two other, incomplete rat liver carcinogens. Highly specific redox cycling in mitochondria was demonstrated in vitro, and this observation could well contribute an explanation of the morphologic and histochemical observations in vivo. It is emphasized that nongenotoxic effects may play an important role in the generation of tumors by genotoxic carcinogens. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Neumann, H G AU - Ambs, S AU - Bitsch, A AD - Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitat Wurzburg, Germany. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 173 EP - 176 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Genotoxicity KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Liver KW - feeding KW - tumors KW - Carcinogens KW - Drugs KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+role+of+nongenotoxic+mechanisms+in+arylamine+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Neumann%2C+H+G%3BAmbs%2C+S%3BBitsch%2C+A&rft.aulast=Neumann&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenicity; Carcinogenesis; Genotoxicity; feeding; Liver; tumors; Carcinogens; Drugs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of mutation spectra by complex mixtures: approaches, problems, and possibilities. AN - 21261509; 11703552 AB - More complex environmental mixtures have been evaluated for mutagenic activity at the hisD3052 allele of Salmonella, primarily in strain TA98, than in any other target or mutation assay. Using colony probe hybridization to detect a common hot spot deletion, followed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing, we have generated 10 mutation spectra from three classes of mixtures (i.e., urban air, cigarette smoke condensate, and municipal waste incinerator emissions). The mutation spectra are distinctly different among the three classes of mixtures; however, the spectra for samples within the same class of mixture are similar. In addition to the hot spot mutation, the mixtures induce complex mutations, which consist of a small deletion and a base substitution. These mutations suggest a mechanism involving misinsertion of a base opposite a DNA adduct followed by a slippage and mismatch. A role for DNA secondary structure also may be the basis for the mutational site specificity exhibited by the various mixtures. The results suggest that unique mutation spectra can be generated by different classes of complex mixtures and that such spectra are a consequence of the dominance of a particular chemical class or classes within the mixture. The problems associated with this type of research are discussed along with the potential value of mutation spectra as a tool for exposure and risk assessment. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 127 EP - 130 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - hot spots KW - dominance KW - Cigarettes KW - Probes KW - Cigarette smoke KW - Protein structure KW - Colonies KW - DNA sequencing KW - Gene deletion KW - Condensates KW - Emissions KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Municipal wastes KW - DNA adducts KW - Secondary structure KW - Wastes KW - Dominance KW - Smoke KW - DNA structure KW - DNA KW - Incinerators KW - Salmonella KW - Mutation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Induction+of+mutation+spectra+by+complex+mixtures%3A+approaches%2C+problems%2C+and+possibilities.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; DNA adducts; Secondary structure; Wastes; Probes; Cigarette smoke; Dominance; Protein structure; Gene deletion; DNA sequencing; Colonies; Condensates; DNA structure; Polymerase chain reaction; Incinerators; Mutation; Smoke; hot spots; dominance; Cigarettes; Emissions; DNA; Municipal wastes; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phagosomal pH and glass fiber dissolution in cultured nasal epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages: a preliminary study. AN - 21260560; 11701634 AB - The dissolution rate of glass fibers has been shown to be pH sensitive using in vitro lung fluid simulant models. The current study investigated whether there is a difference in phagosomal pH (ppH) between rat alveolar macrophages (AM) and rat nasal epithelial cells (RNEC) and whether such a difference would influence the dissolution of glass fibers. The ppH was measured in cultured AM and RNEC using flow cytometric, fluorescence-emission rationing techniques with fluorescein-labeled, amorphous silica particles. Glass fiber dissolution was determined in AM and RNEC cultured for 3 weeks with fast dissolving glass fibers (GF-A) or slow dissolving ones (GF-B). The mean diameters of GF-A were 2.7 microns and of GF-B, 2.6 microns, the average length of both fibers was approximately 22 to 25 microns. Dissolution was monitored by measuring the length and diameter of intracellular fibers and estimating the volume, assuming a cylindrical morphology. The ppH of AM was 5.2 to 5.8, and the ppH of RNEC was 7.0 to 7.5. The GF-A dissolved more slowly in RNEC than in AM, and no dissolution was evident in either cell type with GF-B. The volume loss with GF-A after a 3-week culture with AM was 66% compared to 45% for cultured RNEC. These results are different from those obtained using in vitro lung fluid-simulant models where dissolution is faster at higher pH. This difference suggests that dissolution rates of glass fibers in AM should not be applied to the dissolution of fibers in epithelial cells. Images Figure 1. a Figure 1. b Figure 2. a Figure 2. b Figure 3. a Figure 3. b JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Johnson, N F AD - Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 97 EP - 102 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Epithelial cells KW - Cell culture KW - Particulates KW - Alveoli KW - Flow cytometry KW - Fibers KW - Silica KW - Lung KW - silica KW - Morphology KW - Dissolution KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - F 06935:Development, Aging & Organ Systems KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Phagosomal+pH+and+glass+fiber+dissolution+in+cultured+nasal+epithelial+cells+and+alveolar+macrophages%3A+a+preliminary+study.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flow cytometry; Macrophages; Epithelial cells; Fibers; Silica; Lung; Dissolution; Cell culture; pH effects; Alveoli; silica; Morphology; Particulates; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Possible application of urinary analysis to estimate dissolution of some man-made vitreous fibers. AN - 21260404; 11703559 AB - A preliminary study at the institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) examined the dissolution of three man-made vitreous fiber samples (glasswool, rockwool, glass microfibers: JM 100) after intraperitoneal injections in male Wistar rats. The chemical composition of the original fibers was determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP). The urine of the rats was collected at fixed times between day 1 and day 204, and the ICP was used to look for elements known to be present in the original fibers. At day 204, a piece of omentum was removed at autopsy, ashed and analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) to identify the elements remaining in the fibers. Silicon and aluminium were retained in the fibers from all samples at day 204. Losses in calcium, sodium, magnesium, and sulfur were observed, but these elements were not studied in the urine samples because they are naturally present in relatively high concentrations in rat cells and biological fluids. Although there was a loss of zinc from the glass microfibers, no corresponding difference was observed between the zinc levels excreted by the treated animals and by the controls. Similarly, despite the loss of manganese from the rockwool fibers at day 204, none was detectable in the urine samples. Titanium, present at the 0.3% level in rockwool, was not detectable by EDXA at day 204, but small quantities were detected in the first 2 weeks in the urine samples of rats treated with rockwool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wastiaux, A AU - Blanchard, O AU - Honnons, S AD - Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 217 EP - 219 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Sodium KW - Fibers KW - Calcium KW - Urine KW - Zinc KW - Aluminum KW - Manganese KW - Spectrometry KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Possible+application+of+urinary+analysis+to+estimate+dissolution+of+some+man-made+vitreous+fibers.&rft.au=Wastiaux%2C+A%3BBlanchard%2C+O%3BHonnons%2C+S&rft.aulast=Wastiaux&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sodium; Rats; Fibers; Calcium; Urine; Aluminum; Zinc; Manganese; Spectrometry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A perspective on the potential development of environmentally acceptable light-duty diesel vehicles. AN - 21260114; 11703550 AB - Between 1979 and 1985, an international technical focus was placed upon potential human health effects associated with exposure to diesel emissions. A substantial data base was developed on the composition of diesel emissions; the fate of these emissions in the atmosphere; and the effects of whole particles and their chemical constituents on microorganisms, cells, and animals. Since that time, a number of significant developments have been made in diesel engine technology that require a new look at the future acceptability of introducing significant numbers of light-duty diesel automobiles into the European and American markets. Significant engineering improvements have been made in engine design, catalysts, and traps. As a result, particle emissions and particle associated organic emissions have been reduced by about 10 and 30 times, respectively, during the past 10 years. Research studies to help assess the environmental acceptability of these fuel-efficient engines include the development of an emissions data base for current and advanced diesel engines, the effect of diesel emissions on urban ozone formation and atmospheric particle concentrations, the effect of fuel composition, e.g., lower sulfur and additives on emissions, animal inhalation toxicology studies, and fundamental molecular biology studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hammerle, R AU - Schuetzle, D AU - Adams, W AD - Ford Motor Company, Research Laboratory, Dearborn, MI 48121. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 25 EP - 30 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Sulfur KW - Fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Particulates KW - Atmosphere KW - acceptability KW - Emissions KW - Catalysts KW - Data bases KW - Toxicology KW - Ozone KW - molecular biology KW - Databases KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Microorganisms KW - Traps KW - Diesel KW - Additives KW - Diesel engines KW - Technology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - A 01320:Microbial Degradation KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+perspective+on+the+potential+development+of+environmentally+acceptable+light-duty+diesel+vehicles.&rft.au=Hammerle%2C+R%3BSchuetzle%2C+D%3BAdams%2C+W&rft.aulast=Hammerle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfur; Inhalation; Databases; Motor vehicles; Fuels; Microorganisms; Traps; Diesel; Catalysts; Atmosphere; Ozone; Particulates; molecular biology; acceptability; Atmospheric chemistry; Emissions; Diesel engines; Additives; Toxicology; Data bases; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of durability of mineral fibers for their toxicity and carcinogenic potency in the abdominal cavity of rats in comparison with the low sensitivity of inhalation studies. AN - 21259120; 11701636 AB - At the same time that carcinogenicity of very thin glass fibers after intrapleural and intraperitoneal (ip) administration was demonstrated (1,2) researchers found that gypsum fibers and HCI-leached chrysotile fibers were easily soluble in the peritoneal cavity. This led to the conclusion that the chemical composition of fibers was not responsible for the carcinogenesis but that the degree of carcinogenic potency of a fiber depended on the extent to which it retained its fibrous structure. A thin glass fiber with a low biodurability did not induce tumors after ip injection of a high dose, although the ip test had been criticized for being "overly sensitive." The ip model has been the most successful for determining carcinogenicity of inorganic fibers and establishing dose-response relationships; but to determine the possibilities and limitations of this test model, very high doses of nonfibrous silicon carbide and of a slightly durable glass fiber type were injected ip in Wistar rats. No obviously acute or chronic toxic effect was observed in 90 weeks, but there was a 40% incidence of serosal tumors in the group treated with glass fibers. A pilot study on the persistence of slag fibers in the omentum of rats after ip injection showed a half-time of about 1 year. It was calculated that an ip injection of 10(9) fibers would lead to a concentration of fiber numbers in the ash of the omentum in the same range as the concentration in the lung after 2 years of inhalation exposure. The long-term inhalation study with fibers in rats has been called the "gold standard" for risk characterization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pott, F AU - Roller, M AU - Kamino, K AU - Bellmann, B AD - Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Germany. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 145 EP - 150 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Silicon KW - tumors KW - Rats KW - silicon carbide KW - Omentum KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Dose-response effects KW - gypsum KW - Sensitivity KW - Chemical composition KW - Ash KW - Peritoneum KW - Toxicity KW - Tumors KW - Fibers KW - Lung KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Chrysotile KW - Minerals KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - X 24300:Methods KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Significance+of+durability+of+mineral+fibers+for+their+toxicity+and+carcinogenic+potency+in+the+abdominal+cavity+of+rats+in+comparison+with+the+low+sensitivity+of+inhalation+studies.&rft.au=Pott%2C+F%3BRoller%2C+M%3BKamino%2C+K%3BBellmann%2C+B&rft.aulast=Pott&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Peritoneum; Tumors; Toxicity; Fibers; Omentum; silicon carbide; Lung; gypsum; Dose-response effects; Carcinogenesis; Minerals; Chrysotile; Sensitivity; Silicon; Chemical composition; Ash; tumors; Rats; Carcinogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolution of man-made vitreous fibers in rat alveolar macrophage culture and Gamble's saline solution: influence of different media and chemical composition of the fibers. AN - 21259104; 11701632 AB - The effect of different chemical compositions of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) on their dissolution by alveolar macrophages (AM) in culture and in Gamble's solution was studied. The fibers were exposed to cultured rat AMs, culture medium alone; or Gamble's saline solution for 2, 4, or 8 days. The dissolution of the fibers was studied by measuring the amount of silicon (Si), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al) in each medium. The AMs in culture dissolved Fe and Al from the fibers but the dissolution of Si was more marked in the cell culture medium without cells and in the Gamble's solution. The dissolution of Si, Fe, and Al was different for different fibers, and increased as a function of time. The Fe and Al content of the fibers correlated negatively with the dissolution of Si by AMs from the MMVF, i.e., when the content of Fe and Al of the fibers increased the dissolution of Si decreased. These results suggest that the chemical composition of MMVFs has a marked effect on their dissolution. AMs seem to affect the dissolution of Fe and Al from the fibers. This suggests that in vitro models with cells in the media rather than only culture media or saline solutions would be preferable in dissolution studies of MMVFs. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Luoto, K AU - Holopainen, M AU - Karppinen, K AU - Perander, M AU - Savolainen, K AD - National Public Health Institute, Division of Environmental Health, Kuopio, Finland. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 103 EP - 107 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Silicon KW - Chemical composition KW - Cell culture KW - Alveoli KW - Fibers KW - Aluminum KW - Dissolution KW - Iron KW - Media (culture) KW - F 06965:Immune Cells KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Dissolution+of+man-made+vitreous+fibers+in+rat+alveolar+macrophage+culture+and+Gamble%27s+saline+solution%3A+influence+of+different+media+and+chemical+composition+of+the+fibers.&rft.au=Luoto%2C+K%3BHolopainen%2C+M%3BKarppinen%2C+K%3BPerander%2C+M%3BSavolainen%2C+K&rft.aulast=Luoto&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Fibers; Silicon; Aluminum; Dissolution; Cell culture; Iron; Alveoli; Media (culture); Chemical composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of plasmid and bacteriophage DNA by aromatic amines: effects on survival, template activity, and mutagenicity. AN - 21258875; 11703569 AB - The carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of the aromatic amines are believed to depend on their covalent modification of DNA, primarily through the formation of adducts at C8 of guanine. The actual biologic and biochemical responses to these adducts can be envisioned as the consequence of the abilities of the cell to repair the lesions, with or without fidelity, and the introduction of errors through bypass of the adducts by polymerases. A key question is whether changes in DNA sequence arise through the participation of common repair processes that cause mutations independent of adduct structure. Alternatively, do mutations arise through miscoding during polymerase bypass at the site of the adducts and are, therefore, more likely to produce sequence changes that are more characteristic of adduct structure? This question has been approached using single, site-specific, or randomly introduced aromatic amine DNA adducts in bacterial cells, and in vitro studies with DNA polymerases that employ site-specifically modified templates. The results of both approaches demonstrate that these adducts are distinguished readily by virtue of their structures, thus supporting the conclusion that mutagenic effects of the aromatic amines arise from their structures rather than from their triggering a common inaccurate repair response. Images Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - King, C M AU - Lee, M S AU - Jones, R F AU - Tamura, N AD - Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Michigan Cancer Foundation, Detroit 48201. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 217 EP - 220 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - Phages KW - Bacteria KW - DNA adducts KW - Mutagenicity KW - Biochemistry KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Survival KW - Amines KW - Plasmids KW - amines KW - Fidelity KW - Guanine KW - Carcinogenicity KW - DNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - DNA KW - Lesions KW - survival KW - Mutation KW - Aromatics KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - V 22320:Replication KW - J 02430:Symbiosis, Antibiosis & Phages KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Modification+of+plasmid+and+bacteriophage+DNA+by+aromatic+amines%3A+effects+on+survival%2C+template+activity%2C+and+mutagenicity.&rft.au=King%2C+C+M%3BLee%2C+M+S%3BJones%2C+R+F%3BTamura%2C+N&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phages; DNA adducts; Mutagenicity; Guanine; Fidelity; amines; Nucleotide sequence; DNA-directed DNA polymerase; Survival; Plasmids; Mutation; Aromatics; Biochemistry; Carcinogenicity; DNA; Lesions; survival; Amines; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biopersistence of inhaled organic and inorganic fibers in the lungs of rats. AN - 21258850; 11703560 AB - Fiber dimension and durability are recognized as important features in influencing the development of pulmonary carcinogenic and fibrogenic effects. Using a short-term inhalation bioassay, we have studied pulmonary deposition and clearance patterns and evaluated and compared the pulmonary toxicity of two previously tested reference materials, an inhaled organic fiber, Kevlar para-aramid fibrils, and an inorganic fiber, wollastonite. Rats were exposed for 5 days to aerosols of Kevlar fibrils (900-1344 f/cc; 9-11 mg/m3) or wollastonite fibers (800 f/cc; 115 mg/m3). The lungs of exposed rats were digested to quantify dose, fiber dimensional changes over time, and clearance kinetics. The results showed that inhaled wollastonite fibers were cleared rapidly with a retention half-time of & 1 week. Mean fiber lengths decreased from 11 microns to 6 microns over a 1-month period, and fiber diameters increased from 0.5 micron to 1.0 micron in the same time. Fiber clearance studies with Kevlar showed a transient increase in the numbers of retained fibrils at 1 week postexposure, with rapid clearance of fibers thereafter, and retention half-time of 30 days. A progressive decrease in the mean lengths from 12.5 microns to 7.5 microns and mean diameters from 0.33 micron to 0.23 micron was recorded 6 months after exposure to inhaled Kevlar fibrils. The percentages of fibers > 15 microns in length decreased from 30% immediately after exposure to 5% after 6 months; the percentages of fibers in the 4 to 7 microns range increased from 25 to 55% in the same period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 4. A Figure 4. B Figure 6. A Figure 6. B JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Warheit, D B AU - Hartsky, M A AU - McHugh, T A AU - Kellar, K A AD - Central Research and Development, Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Newark, Delaware 19714. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 151 EP - 157 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Inhalation KW - Fibers KW - Aerosols KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Lung KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Kinetics KW - Toxicity KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biopersistence+of+inhaled+organic+and+inorganic+fibers+in+the+lungs+of+rats.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tourism+Management&rft.issn=02615177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Rats; Fibers; Pollutant deposition; Aerosols; Carcinogenicity; Lung; Kinetics; Toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of particle size and chemical composition on efficiency of clearance mechanisms: electron microscopy studies on humans. AN - 21258832; 11703553 AB - This article compares the presence of solid particles in lung parenchyma samples collected from accident victims and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid taken from patients diagnosed with pulmonary carcinoma. Analysis by electron microscopy showed differences in particle size between the two groups, which could be attributable both to differences in original particle size and to their solubility in the biological environment. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Falchi, M AU - Donelli, G AU - Paoletti, L AD - Department of Ultrastructures, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 241 EP - 243 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Accidents KW - Efficiency KW - Chemical composition KW - Lung KW - Microscopy KW - Particulates KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Influence+of+particle+size+and+chemical+composition+on+efficiency+of+clearance+mechanisms%3A+electron+microscopy+studies+on+humans.&rft.au=Falchi%2C+M%3BDonelli%2C+G%3BPaoletti%2C+L&rft.aulast=Falchi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Efficiency; Accidents; Chemical composition; Lung; Microscopy; Particulates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical behavior of aluminum and phosphorus during dissolution of glass fibers in physiological saline solutions. AN - 21257455; 11701631 AB - The dissolution of textile glass fibers of four different compositions has been investigated at 37 degrees C. In these glasses, which are isolation type, the P2O5 contents scatter between 0 and 2 wt% and Al2O3 from 0.12 to 3.4 wt%. Both static (30-mg fibers; 250-ml solution) and dynamic (50-mg fibers; 40 ml/day flow rate) conditions with or without bubbling of a gas mixture (95:5, N2-CO2) have been used. Two physiological solutions, one proposed by Kanapilly and the other by Scholtze, were used. After each run (1, 3, 7, 14, and sometimes 30, 62 days) the solutions were analyzed for B and Si by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the weight losses were determined, and the residual solid were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Static runs give a better agreement between measured and calculated weight losses from solution analyses than dynamic experiments. SEM examinations indicate diameter reduction and formation of a hydrated Si-rich layer. Sometimes hollow tubes, suggesting the detachment of these layers, are observed. XPS and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicate the formation of a veneer of calcium phosphate for the most rapidly dissolving glass. In other cases an Al increase is observed at the solid solution interface. Whatever experimental conditions are used, the relative dissolution rates of the four glasses are identical. The kinetics may be modeled with variable dissolution rates from initial high values to final low ones. The latter reflect the very low solubility of the residual product. Images Figure 2. a Figure 2. b Figure 7. a Figure 7. b JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Baillif, P AU - Touray, J C AD - URA du CNRS et GDR, ESEM, Universite d'Orleans, France. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 77 EP - 81 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Fibers KW - Behavior KW - Kinetics KW - Physiology KW - Microscopy KW - Aluminum KW - calcium phosphates KW - Spectroscopy KW - Flow rates KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21257455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chemical+behavior+of+aluminum+and+phosphorus+during+dissolution+of+glass+fibers+in+physiological+saline+solutions.&rft.au=Baillif%2C+P%3BTouray%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Baillif&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; Behavior; Kinetics; Aluminum; Microscopy; Physiology; calcium phosphates; Spectroscopy; Flow rates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Asbestotic Pleural Plaques in Northeast Corsica: Correlations with Airborne and Pleural Mineralogic Analysis AN - 21255706; 11704910 AB - We report a prevalence study of environmental pleural plaques in subjects over 50 years old from the northeastern Corsican village of Murato, built on asbestos surface deposits. The percentage of plaques was 41%, versus 7.5% in the control village of Vezzani. Although surface deposits contain both chrysotile and tremolite, airborne pollution and asbestos lung burden of exposed inhabitants consist essentially of tremolite as assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, TEM analysis of the parietal pleura of three animals bred in exposed areas showed a predominance of short fibers of chrysotile. The respective roles of tremolite and chrysotile in inducing pleural plaques in Corsica should thus be considered.aEnviron Health Perspect 102(Suppl 5):251a252 (1994) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rey, F AU - Boutin, C AU - Viallat, J R AU - Steinbauer, J AU - Alessandroni, P AU - Jutisz, P AU - Di Giambattista, D AU - Billon-Galland, MA AU - Hereng, P AU - Dumortier, P AU - De Vuyst, P Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 251 EP - 252 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - environmental pleural plaques KW - Corsica KW - airborne meteorology KW - pleural mineralogy KW - asbestos KW - pleural plaques KW - amphiboles KW - environmental diseases KW - Fibers KW - Asbestos KW - Lung KW - Microscopy KW - villages KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21255706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Asbestotic+Pleural+Plaques+in+Northeast+Corsica%3A+Correlations+with+Airborne+and+Pleural+Mineralogic+Analysis&rft.au=Rey%2C+F%3BBoutin%2C+C%3BViallat%2C+J+R%3BSteinbauer%2C+J%3BAlessandroni%2C+P%3BJutisz%2C+P%3BDi+Giambattista%2C+D%3BBillon-Galland%2C+MA%3BHereng%2C+P%3BDumortier%2C+P%3BDe+Vuyst%2C+P&rft.aulast=Rey&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; Asbestos; Lung; Microscopy; villages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenic activity of heterocyclic amines in cooked foods. AN - 21251756; 11701642 AB - Mutagenic heterocyclic amines are generated in foods when they are cooked at temperatures over 150 degrees C. These compounds are present from 0.1 to 50 ppb, depending on the food and cooking conditions. These heterocyclic amines are not only present in cooked red meat, fish, and chicken, but are also present at lower levels in baked and fried foods derived from grain. Mutagenicity of fried beef hamburgers cooked at 230 degrees C is 800 +/- 37 TA98 revertants per gram cooked weight. We measured 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MelQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMelQx), and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) formation at this temperature and found 3.0 +/- 2.0, 1.0 +/- 0.18, and 0.06 +/- 0.03 ng/g, respectively. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidaz[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) was found at a higher concentration of 9.6 ng/g. In our laboratory we have shown these heterocyclic amines are capable of producing both reverse and forward mutations in Salmonella bacteria and forward mutations in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). We have also been able to show a statistically significant increase in mutations in the pancreas of the "mutamouse" following PhIP exposure. The pancreas also shows relatively high DNA binding compared to other organs in the mouse. The number and type of mutations depend on the repair capacity of the cells for both Salmonella and CHO. In Salmonella the mutations are primarily 2-base deletions when the cells lack uvrB repair, but mutations are more complex (larger deletions and insertions) but lower in frequency when repair is functional.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Felton, J S AU - Knize, M G AU - Dolbeare, F A AU - Wu, R AD - Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 201 EP - 204 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts KW - Heterocyclic amines KW - Pancreas KW - Food KW - Statistical analysis KW - Cooking KW - cooking KW - intelligence KW - Temperature effects KW - Mutagenicity KW - Clonal deletion KW - Temperature KW - Amines KW - Organs KW - Meat KW - Intelligence KW - Beef KW - DNA KW - Grain KW - Fish KW - Salmonella KW - Revertants KW - Mutation KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mutagenic+activity+of+heterocyclic+amines+in+cooked+foods.&rft.au=Felton%2C+J+S%3BKnize%2C+M+G%3BDolbeare%2C+F+A%3BWu%2C+R&rft.aulast=Felton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Heterocyclic amines; Mutagenicity; Clonal deletion; Food; Pancreas; Statistical analysis; Meat; Intelligence; Beef; Cooking; Grain; DNA; Mutation; Revertants; Temperature; cooking; Fish; Amines; Organs; intelligence; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chrysotile biopersistence in the lungs of persons in the general population and exposed workers. AN - 21251653; 11703561 AB - Lung burden analysis was performed on 126 autopsy cases of persons who died in New York City from 1966 through 1968. Of the 126 cases, 107 were probably non-occupationally exposed, judging by occupational history and asbestos body content of lung. Fifty-three of the 107 cases contained short chrysotile fibers/fibrils, & 5 microns in length, present in 3-fold greater amounts than were found in laboratory background controls. The fiber concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 15.7 x 10(6) f/gm/dry lung tissue, and the proportion of fibers > or = 5 microns in length was only 0.34% of the total chrysotile population found. Other inorganic particles present included fragments of amphiboles. In contrast to these data, the lung parenchyma of persons occupationally exposed to asbestos commonly showed the presence of other fiber types, especially amosite and crocidolite, at very much higher concentrations and greater fiber length. Any chrysotile present would usually be in fiber bundle form, with both fibers and fibrils > 5 microns in length. Comparison of the lung fiber content of occupationally exposed persons with that of the general population showed marked qualitative and quantitative differences. Fibers are durable, and are retained in a range of concentrations. Their length and dose, among other factors, which control their biological potential are different in the two populations; the risk factors for chrysotile-induced disease are not the same. Images Figure 1. A Figure 1. B Figure 1. C JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Langer, A M AU - Nolan, R P AD - Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Applied Sciences Institute of Brooklyn College, New York 11210. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 235 EP - 239 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fibers KW - Historical account KW - USA, New York, New York City KW - Asbestos KW - Lung KW - Particulates KW - Occupational exposure KW - Urban areas KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chrysotile+biopersistence+in+the+lungs+of+persons+in+the+general+population+and+exposed+workers.&rft.au=Langer%2C+A+M%3BNolan%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Langer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Historical account; Fibers; Asbestos; Lung; Particulates; Occupational exposure; Urban areas; USA, New York, New York City ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ambient air pollutants in upper Silesia: partial chemical composition and biological activity. AN - 21251646; 11701627 AB - The air monitoring system in Upper Silesia has provided abundant data on airborne pollutants. Air quality in this region is bad: a concentration of several gases, volatile compounds, metals, and complex mixtures of organic compounds carried by small particulate matter exceeds both daily and yearly admissible levels. About 250 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonds (PAHs) were identified in airborne pollutants, and hundreds of not identified compounds are seen on gas chromatographic profiles as minor peaks. Among PAHs are present compounds with known carcinogenic potency for humans. Seasonal variation with distinctly lower concentration of pollutants in summer than in winter was noticed. Fifteen PAHs including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) determined by GC-MS method in 20 measuring points showed constant relative proportions. Thus B[a]P could be used as a representative compound for other PAHs. In urban areas, a core of Silesia values for B[a]P concentration ranged from 60 to 90 ng/m3 in winter to 5 to 20 micrograms/m in summer. Mutagenicity tested on Salmonella strains showed seasonal variation with distinctly higher values in winter. Environmentally exposed humans showed a higher level of PAH-DNA adducts in WBC than the control population from rural area. Total organic extract of small particulate matter exhibited both direct and indirect mutagenic activity, induced formation of micronuclei in bone marrow cells of BALB/c mice, induced chromosomal rearrangements, and increased sister chromatid exchange index. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chorazy, M AU - Szeliga, J AU - Strozyk, M AU - Cimander, B AD - Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 61 EP - 66 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Sister chromatid exchange KW - Micronuclei KW - Particulate matter KW - Bone marrow KW - Air quality KW - Particulates KW - Poland, Slaskie, Upper Silesia KW - Winter KW - Czech Rep., Silesia KW - Pollutants KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Chromosome rearrangements KW - Seasonal variations KW - Urban areas KW - Metals KW - Mutagenicity KW - Chemical composition KW - Data processing KW - Adducts KW - Mice KW - Air pollution KW - winter KW - Gases KW - Volatiles KW - summer KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - Organic compounds KW - Salmonella KW - Aromatics KW - Rural areas KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Ambient+air+pollutants+in+upper+Silesia%3A+partial+chemical+composition+and+biological+activity.&rft.au=Chorazy%2C+M%3BSzeliga%2C+J%3BStrozyk%2C+M%3BCimander%2C+B&rft.aulast=Chorazy&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Mutagenicity; Data processing; Adducts; Sister chromatid exchange; Particulate matter; Micronuclei; Bone marrow; Winter; Gases; Pollutants; Chromosome rearrangements; Volatiles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Organic compounds; Seasonal variations; Aromatics; Pollution monitoring; Chemical composition; Mice; Air quality; Particulates; Air pollution; winter; Carcinogenicity; summer; Urban areas; Rural areas; Salmonella; Czech Rep., Silesia; Poland, Slaskie, Upper Silesia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biopersistence of man-made vitreous silicate fibers in the human lung. AN - 21251641; 11703555 AB - There is now a substantial body of experimental data on the pulmonary biopersistence of man-made vitreous silicate fibers (MMVSF), but human data are seriously lacking. Our knowledge in this field is essentially limited to a few reports of measurements of fibers retained in lung tissue samples taken at autopsy from workers manufacturing these products. Three types of exposure were studied: fibrous glass, mineral wool, and refractory ceramic fibers. Overall, the available data do not provide evidence for substantial long-term retention of fibers in the human lung after occupational exposure to MMVSF dusts. A word of caution, however; the amount of data supporting the previous statement is much greater for fibrous glass than for either mineral wool or refractory ceramic fibers. There is no human data on the key question of the kinetics of pulmonary clearance of inhaled MMVSF. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sebastien, P AD - Institute de Recherche en Sante et en Securite du Travail du Quebec, Montreal, Canada. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 225 EP - 228 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Ceramics KW - Fibers KW - Lung KW - Kinetics KW - Minerals KW - Occupational exposure KW - Dust KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biopersistence+of+man-made+vitreous+silicate+fibers+in+the+human+lung.&rft.au=Sebastien%2C+P&rft.aulast=Sebastien&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceramics; Fibers; Lung; Kinetics; Minerals; Dust; Occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural requirements for the ferrihemoglobin-forming activity of glutathione S-conjugates of 4-dimethylaminophenol. AN - 21251500; 11701646 AB - 4-Dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) is a suitable cyanide antidote that rapidly forms ferrihemoglobin by catalytic transfer of electrons from ferrohemoglobin to oxygen. Deleterious methemoglobinemia, because of the catalytic cycling, is prevented by side reactions of oxidized DMAP with thiols, particularly with glutathione (GSH). In human red cells, both in vitro and in vivo, the formation of a transient bis-glutathione and a stable tris-glutathione adduct was observed. To investigate the reactivity of GSH adducts of DMAP, we synthesized various thioethers by oxidizing DMAP with PbO2 in 0.1 M sulfuric acid followed by reaction with GSH. The following compounds were isolated and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and determination of the pK values: 4-dimethylamino-2-(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2-GS-DMAP), 4-dimethylamino-3-(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (3-GS-DMAP), 4-dimethylamino-2,5-bis(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2,5-bis GS-DMAP), 4-dimethylamino-2,6-bis(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2,6-bis GS-DMAP), and 4-dimethylamino-2,3,6-tris(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2,3,6-tris GS-DMAP). Ferrihemoglobin-forming activity was investigated with oxyhemoglobin, alkylated with N-ethylmaleimide (Hb-NES) to prevent binding of oxidized compounds to the protein SH groups. DMAP, 2,6-bis-GS-DMAP, and 2-GS-DMAP (0.1 mM each) completely oxidized Hb-NES (0.6 mM) in a decreasing order of activity (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, air); the other derivatives were quite inactive. The same thioether reactivity was observed during autoxidation. Ferrihemoglobin formation by the reactive thioethers was greatly enhanced when the oxygen tension was increased from 2 to 100%. In contrast, variation of the oxygen tension had only marginal effects on the activity of DMAP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ludwig, E AU - Eyer, P AD - Walther-Straub-Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Germany. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 133 EP - 136 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Oxygen KW - Cyanide KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Proteins KW - Spectroscopy KW - pH KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Structural+requirements+for+the+ferrihemoglobin-forming+activity+of+glutathione+S-conjugates+of+4-dimethylaminophenol.&rft.au=Ludwig%2C+E%3BEyer%2C+P&rft.aulast=Ludwig&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxygen; Cyanide; Sulfuric acid; Proteins; Spectroscopy; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lung content analysis of cases occupationally exposed to chrysotile asbestos. AN - 21251488; 11701633 AB - The lung contents of six workers who had been occupationally exposed to chrysotile asbestos were examined. Five were lung cancer cases from Quebec, Canada. The sixth, an American worker who had developed pleural mesothelioma, was particularly interesting, with the lung content strikingly distinct from the Canadian cases; chrysotile, the predominant fiber in his lung, was present at a concentration 300 times that of the average total fiber content in the Canadian cases. The fiber length distribution of the chrysotile recovered from the U.S. mesothelioma case was indistinguishable from that of chrysotile specimens known to produce mesotheliomas in rats. It was also found that the characteristics of the calcium-magnesium-iron silicate fibers present in all six cases were not readily comparable to tremolite asbestos specimens known to induce mesotheliomas in animals. Images Figure 1. A Figure 1. B Figure 1. C Figure 1. D Figure 2. A Figure 2. B Figure 2. C Figure 2. D JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Nolan, R P AU - Langer, A M AU - Addison, J AD - Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Brooklyn College, New York. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 245 EP - 250 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Fibers KW - USA KW - Asbestos KW - Canada, Quebec KW - mesothelioma KW - Occupational exposure KW - Cancer KW - Lung cancer KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lung+content+analysis+of+cases+occupationally+exposed+to+chrysotile+asbestos.&rft.au=Nolan%2C+R+P%3BLanger%2C+A+M%3BAddison%2C+J&rft.aulast=Nolan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rats; Fibers; Asbestos; mesothelioma; Cancer; Occupational exposure; Lung cancer; USA; Canada, Quebec ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clearance of inhaled ceramic fibers from rat lungs. AN - 21251430; 11701638 AB - Deposition, clearance, retention, and durability of inhaled particles in lung are important factors for induction of pulmonary fibrosis or lung cancer. To study the deposition and clearance of aluminium silicate ceramic fibers from the lung, male Wistar rats were exposed to ceramic fibers, with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 3.7 microns, for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. The average exposure concentration was 27.2 mg/m3 (SD 9.0). The rats were killed at 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the end of exposure, and the fiber numbers and dimensions were measured with a scanning electron microscope. No significant difference in length of residual ceramic fibers in the lungs was found among the groups. The geometric mean diameter and number of ceramic fibers, however, decreased according to the clearance period. These findings suggest that the fibers were dissolved at their surface. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yamato, H AU - Tanaka, I AU - Higashi, T AU - Kido, M AD - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 169 EP - 171 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Ceramics KW - Rats KW - Fibers KW - Aerodynamics KW - Aluminum KW - Particulates KW - Cancer KW - Lung cancer KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Clearance+of+inhaled+ceramic+fibers+from+rat+lungs.&rft.au=Yamato%2C+H%3BTanaka%2C+I%3BHigashi%2C+T%3BKido%2C+M&rft.aulast=Yamato&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rats; Ceramics; Fibers; Aerodynamics; Aluminum; Particulates; Cancer; Lung cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure and risk from ambient particle-bound pollution in an airshed dominated by residential wood combustion and mobile sources. AN - 21251355; 11703548 AB - A major field study was conducted in Boise, Idaho, during the heating season of 1986 to 1987 as part of the Integrated Air Cancer Project. Filter samples were systematically collected in residences and in the ambient air across the community to characterize the particle-bound pollutants. The extractable organic matter (EOM) from the filter samples was apportioned to its source of origin, either residential wood combustion (RWC) or mobile sources (MS). Two composite samples, with apportioned contributions from RWC and MS, were prepared from the Boise ambient samples and tested for tumor-initiation potency. A comparative potency lung cancer risk estimate has been made based on the two ambient composite samples from this airshed. In addition, a microenvironmental exposure model was developed from the Boise data and from national survey data to estimate the exposure to EOM from RWC and MS. In this paper, the microenvironmental model is extrapolated to provide an estimate of the average annual exposure and dose in Boise to EOM from RWC and MS. The annual model considers actual pollutant levels in Boise, historical changes in RWC usage and meteorological dilution factors and the likely activities in the various microenvironmental zones and their resultant inhalation rates. Combined with the lifetime risk estimates, the average annual dose suggests a risk of about 4 x 10(-4) based upon the composite ambient samples. Despite the fact that RWC accounts for 73% of the EOM on an annual average basis, it accounts for only about 20% of the estimated lifetime risk. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cupitt, L T AU - Glen, W G AU - Lewtas, J AD - Methods Research and Development Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 75 EP - 84 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Historical account KW - Meteorological data KW - composite materials KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Organic matter KW - Wood KW - Particulates KW - Pollution surveys KW - Cancer KW - Combustion KW - Filters KW - USA, Idaho KW - Meteorology KW - Seasonal variability KW - Lung cancer KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Exposure+and+risk+from+ambient+particle-bound+pollution+in+an+airshed+dominated+by+residential+wood+combustion+and+mobile+sources.&rft.au=Cupitt%2C+L+T%3BGlen%2C+W+G%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Cupitt&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meteorological data; Atmospheric pollution; Atmospheric pollution models; Seasonal variability; Lung cancer; Inhalation; Filters; Historical account; composite materials; Organic matter; Wood; Meteorology; Particulates; Pollution surveys; Cancer; Combustion; USA, Idaho ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene activation studied by immunological methods. AN - 21251343; 11703564 AB - Gene activation can be studied at several levels: transcription (mRNA), translation (proteins), or phenotypical alterations (functional activity or morphology). These levels can be studied in situ or biochemically by the use of specific probes for normal or altered DNA, mRNA, or proteins. Immunological probes are potent tools for studies of alterations induced by xenobiotics in target organs. When the effects of xenobiotics are studied in whole tissue, the cellular heterogeneity of the organ must be taken into account. For this reason, combined in situ and biochemical techniques are necessary. Antibodies to normal or altered cellular constituents are used for identification, quantitation, and cellular localization of proteins and modified DNA. Many xenobiotics alter gene activation by interactions with DNA. After activation, 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) forms DNA adducts, which can be identified immunologically. Combined with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse labeling, techniques have been developed to demonstrate reduced adduct concentrations in proliferating cells and preneoplastic foci in the livers of AAF-fed rats. Carcinogen-induced DNA modifications are implicated as a major mechanism of altered gene activation in neoplasia, leading to phenotypical alterations. Also, cellular differentiation may be affected by xenobiotics. Differentiation-associated markers can be used for studies of gene activation. In mouse skin, the keratins K1 and K10 are only expressed in suprabasal, differentiating cells. BrdU pulse chase experiments combined with double immunofluorescence have revealed that K1 and K10 are sequentially turned on 18 to 24 hr after DNA synthesis and are followed by suprabasal migration. After a single application of the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), cell migration starts directly after mitosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 1. Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Huitfeldt, H S AU - Heyden, A AU - Skarpen, E AU - Thrane, E V AU - Schwarze, P E AD - Department of Environmental Medicine, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 205 EP - 207 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - migration KW - Skin KW - Biochemistry KW - DNA KW - Proteins KW - tumors KW - Xenobiotics KW - Organs KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Goals+2000%3A+Educate+America+Act.+Report+from+the+Committee+on+Education+and+Labor%2C+Together+with+Dissenting+and+Supplemental+Dissenting+Views+%5Bto+Accompany+H.R.+1804%5D.+House+of+Representatives%2C+103d+Congress%2C+1st+Session.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rats; migration; Skin; Biochemistry; DNA; Proteins; tumors; Xenobiotics; Organs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adducts and carcinogenicity of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AN - 21251203; 11701651 AB - We have been interested in the structure-activity relationships of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs), and have focused on the correlation of structural and electronic features with biological activities, including mutagenicity and tumorigenicity. In our studies, we have emphasized 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes (nitro-B[a]Ps) and related compounds, all of which are derived from the potent carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. While 1-, 2-, and 3-nitro-B[a]P are potent mutagens in Salmonella, 6-nitro-B[a]P is a weak mutagen. In vitro metabolism of 1- and 3-nitro-B[a]P has been found to generate multiple pathways for mutagenic activation. The formation of the corresponding trans-7,8-dihydrodiols and 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrols suggests that 1- and 3-nitro-B[a]P trans-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxides are ultimate metabolites of the parent nitro-B[a]Ps. We have isolated a DNA adduct from the reaction between 3-nitro-B[a]P trans-7,8-diol-anti9,10-epoxide and calf thymus DNA, and identified it as 10-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-ni tro-B[a]P . The same adduct was identified from in vitro metabolism of [3H]3-nitro-B[a]P by rat liver microsomes in the presence of calf thymus DNA. A DNA adduct of 3-nitro-B[a]P formed from reaction of N-hydroxy-3-amino-B[a]P, prepared in situ with calf thymus DNA was also isolated. This adduct was identified as 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-3-amino-B[a]P. The same adduct was obtained from incubating DNA with 3-nitro-B[a]P in the presence of the mammalian nitroeductase, xanthine oxidase, and hypoxanthine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fu, P P AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Lay, J O AU - Wu, Y S AU - Lai, J S AU - Evans, F E AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 177 EP - 183 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - Calf thymus KW - Mutagens KW - Metabolites KW - Carcinogens KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - DNA adducts KW - structure-activity relationships KW - Microsomes KW - Mutagenicity KW - Tumorigenicity KW - Xanthine oxidase KW - DNA KW - Liver KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - Salmonella KW - Structure-activity relationships KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Metabolism KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=DNA+adducts+and+carcinogenicity+of+nitro-polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons.&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BHerreno-Saenz%2C+D%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BLay%2C+J+O%3BWu%2C+Y+S%3BLai%2C+J+S%3BEvans%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Calf thymus; DNA adducts; Mutagens; Mutagenicity; Microsomes; Tumorigenicity; Metabolites; Carcinogens; Carcinogenicity; Xanthine oxidase; Liver; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Benzo(a)pyrene; Structure-activity relationships; structure-activity relationships; DNA; Metabolism; aromatic hydrocarbons; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glass fiber manufacturing and fiber safety: the producer's perspective. AN - 21251168; 11701630 AB - Historically, the potential health effects of airborne fibers have been associated with the dose, dimension, and durability. Increasing focus is being placed on the latter category. Concern about airborne fiber safety could be reduced by manufacturing fibers that are not respirable; however, due to performance and manufacturing constraints on glasswool insulations, this is not possible today. These products are an important part of today's economy and as a major manufacturer, Owens-Corning is committed to producing and marketing materials that are both safe and effective in their intended use. To this end, manufacturing technology seeks to produce materials that generate low concentrations of airborne fibers, thus minimizing exposure and irritation. The range of fiber diameters is controlled to assure effective product performance and, as far as possible, to minimize respirability. Glass compositions are designed to allow effective fiber forming and ultimate product function. Fiber dissolution is primarily a function of composition; this too, can be controlled within certain constraints. Coupled with these broad parameters is an extensive product stewardship program to assure the safety of these materials. This article will discuss the factors that influence glasswool insulation production, use, and safety. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bender, J R AU - Hadley, J G AD - Owens-Corning, Toledo, Ohio 43659. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 37 EP - 40 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Fibers KW - Historical account KW - marketing KW - Economics KW - Technology KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Glass+fiber+manufacturing+and+fiber+safety%3A+the+producer%27s+perspective.&rft.au=Bender%2C+J+R%3BHadley%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Bender&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Historical account; Fibers; marketing; Economics; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological and epidemiological evidence for health risks from inhaled engine emissions. AN - 21251035; 11703547 AB - Information from toxicological and epidemiological studies of the cancer and noncancer health risks from inhaled diesel engine exhaust (DE) and gasoline engine exhaust (GE) was reviewed. The toxicological database is more extensive for DE than for GE. Animal studies have shown that heavy, chronic exposures to both DE and GE can cause lung pathology and associated physiological effects. Inhaled GE has not been shown to be carcinogenic in animals. Chronically inhaled DE at high concentrations is a pulmonary carcinogen in rats, but the response is questionable in mice and negative in Syrian hamsters. The response in rats is probably not attributable to the DE soot-associated organic compounds, as previously assumed, and the usefulness of the rat data for predicting risk in humans is uncertain. Experimental human exposures to DE show that lung inflammatory and other cellular effects can occur after single exposures, and sparse data suggest that occupational exposures might affect respiratory function and symptoms. Epidemiology suggests that heavy occupational exposures to exhaust probably increase the risks for mortality from both lung cancer and noncancer pulmonary disease. The small magnitudes of the increases in these risks make the studies very sensitive to confounding factors and uncertainties of exposure; thus, it may not be possible to resolve exposure-response relationships conclusively by epidemiology. Our present knowledge suggests that heavy occupational exposures to DE and GE are hazardous but does not allow quantitative estimates of risk with a high degree of certainty. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mauderly, J L AD - Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 165 EP - 171 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Pathology KW - Gasoline KW - Physiology KW - Carcinogens KW - Rats KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Chronic exposure KW - Dose-response effects KW - Risk factors KW - Emissions KW - Respiratory function KW - Occupational exposure KW - Exhaust emissions KW - Lung cancer KW - Mortality KW - Data processing KW - Lung diseases KW - Mice KW - Cancer KW - Exhausts KW - Inflammation KW - Databases KW - Epidemiology KW - Reviews KW - Diesel KW - Organic compounds KW - Diesel engines KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Toxicological+and+epidemiological+evidence+for+health+risks+from+inhaled+engine+emissions.&rft.au=Mauderly%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Mauderly&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Data processing; Gasoline; Lung diseases; Carcinogens; Inflammation; Exhausts; Databases; Epidemiology; Chronic exposure; Risk factors; Reviews; Dose-response effects; Diesel; Organic compounds; Respiratory function; Occupational exposure; Lung cancer; Risk assessment; Pathology; Physiology; Mice; Cancer; Rats; Carcinogenicity; Emissions; Diesel engines; Exhaust emissions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytosolic activation of aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Inhibition by dicoumarol and enhancement in viral hepatitis B. AN - 21249916; 11701643 AB - The aromatic amines 2-aminofluorene (2AF), 2-acetylaminofluorene, and 2-aminoanthracene, and the heterocyclic amines 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, and 3-amino-1-methyl-SH-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2) were activated by rat liver cytosolic fractions to form mutagenic metabolites in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA98NR, and TA98/1,8-DNP6. In the case of the Trp-P-2, the cytosolic activation was even more potent than the microsomal activation, which is classically ascribed to N-hydroxylation and subsequent esterification. The cytosolic activation was a) NADPH-dependent, b) induced by pretreatment of rats with 3-methylcholanthrene and especially Aroclor 1254 but not by phenobarbital, and c) inhibited by dicoumarol. The hypothesis is that, following a preliminary oxidative step in the cytosol (pure cytosolic activation) or in microsomes via prostaglandin H synthase (mixed microsomal-cytosolic activation), an oxidized intermediate of amino compounds may serve as substrate for DT diaphorase activity and bielectronically reduced to the corresponding N-hydroxyamino derivative. Purified DT diaphorase, in the presence of either NADPH or NADH as electron donor, produced mutagenic derivatives from IQ and Trp-P-2. An NADPH-dependent activation of Trp-P-2 also occurred in the liver cytosol of woodchucks (Marmota monax), but was not inhibited by dicoumarol. As previously demonstrated with liver S-12 fractions in both humans and woodchucks, the cytosolic activation of Trp-P-2 was enhanced in animals affected by hepatitis B virus infection. This enhanced metabolism, which persisted even after appearance of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in virus carriers, is likely to be ascribed to mechanisms other than DT diaphorase induction, such as glutathione depletion. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - De Flora, S AU - Bennicelli, C AU - D'Agostini, F AU - Izzotti, A AU - Camoirano, A AD - Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 69 EP - 74 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - 2-Aminofluorene KW - Heterocyclic amines KW - Phenobarbital KW - Glutathione KW - Metabolites KW - hepatitis B KW - Infection KW - Rats KW - amines KW - infection KW - Hepatitis B KW - Aroclor 1254 KW - intelligence KW - Hepatocellular carcinoma KW - prostaglandin H synthase KW - Microsomes KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - NADH KW - 3-Methylcholanthrene KW - Marmota monax KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Amines KW - 2-Aminoanthracene KW - NADP KW - Intelligence KW - Esterification KW - Liver KW - Cytosol KW - Metabolism KW - Aromatics KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - V 22400:Human Diseases KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21249916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cytosolic+activation+of+aromatic+and+heterocyclic+amines.+Inhibition+by+dicoumarol+and+enhancement+in+viral+hepatitis+B.&rft.au=De+Flora%2C+S%3BBennicelli%2C+C%3BD%27Agostini%2C+F%3BIzzotti%2C+A%3BCamoirano%2C+A&rft.aulast=De+Flora&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 2-Aminofluorene; prostaglandin H synthase; Heterocyclic amines; Phenobarbital; Microsomes; Glutathione; NADH; 3-Methylcholanthrene; Metabolites; 2-Aminoanthracene; Infection; NADP; Intelligence; amines; Esterification; Cytosol; Hepatitis B; Aroclor 1254; Aromatics; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Rats; infection; Liver; hepatitis B; Amines; Metabolism; intelligence; Hepatitis B virus; Marmota monax; Salmonella typhimurium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemoglobin binding of arylamines and nitroarenes: molecular dosimetry and quantitative structure-activity relationships. AN - 21249873; 11704914 AB - N-Oxidation and nitroreduction to yield N-hydroxyarylamines are metabolic steps that are crucial for the genotoxic properties of aromatic amines and nitroarenes, respectively. N-Hydroxyarylamines can form adducts with DNA, tissue proteins, and the blood proteins albumin and hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner. The determination of hemoglobin adducts is a useful tool for biomonitoring exposed populations. We have established the hemoglobin binding index (HBI) [(mmole compound/mole Hb)/(mmole compound/kg body weight)] of several aromatic amines and nitroarenes in female Wistar rats. Incorporating values obtained by other researchers in the same rat strain, the logarithm of hemoglobin binding (log HBI) was plotted against several physicochemical parameters and against calculated electronic descriptors of nitroarenes and arylamines. Most arylamines and nitroarenes form hydrolyzable (e.g., sulfinamide) adducts with hemoglobin in rats. The amount of hemoglobin binding decreases with the oxidizability of the arylamines, except for compounds that are substituted with halogens in ortho or meta position. For halogen-substituted arylamines, the amount of hemoglobin binding is directly proportional to the pKa. Hemoglobin binding of nitroarenes increases with the reducibility of the nitro group. The structure activity relationships (SAR) for hemoglobin binding of nitroarenes and arylamines are comparable. The SAR found for hemoglobin binding were compared with the SAR found in the literature for mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and cytotoxicity of arylamines and nitroarenes. In general, the mutagenicity or carcinogenicity of arylamines increases with their oxidizability. This first set of data suggests that the levels of hemoglobin binding, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of arylamines are not determined by the same electronic properties of the compounds, or not by these properties alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sabbioni, G AD - Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wurzburg, Germany. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 61 EP - 67 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Bioindicators KW - Mutagenicity KW - structure-activity relationships KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Dosimetry KW - Proteins KW - Amines KW - body weight KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21249873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hemoglobin+binding+of+arylamines+and+nitroarenes%3A+molecular+dosimetry+and+quantitative+structure-activity+relationships.&rft.au=Sabbioni%2C+G&rft.aulast=Sabbioni&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; Rats; structure-activity relationships; Mutagenicity; Carcinogenicity; Dosimetry; Proteins; Amines; body weight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymorphism of human acetyltransferases. AN - 21249844; 11703571 AB - Acetylation by arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) is a major route in the metabolism of numerous drugs and carcinogens. Recent studies suggest that the same enzymes also catalyze N,O-transacetylation and O-acetylation. A genetic polymorphism of clinical relevance divides the human population into slow and rapid acetylators of arylamines. Two human NATs, NAT1 and NAT2, have recently been characterized by protein purification, cloning, and functional expression of the respective genes; both were localized to chromosome 8. NAT1 codes for a protein with ubiquitous tissue distribution and a high affinity for p-aminobenzoic acid and p-aminosalicylic acid, so-called monomorphic substrates. NAT2 codes for a protein predominantly expressed in liver with a high affinity for sulfamethazine and other polymorphically metabolized drugs. NAT2 was analyzed at the level of protein, RNA and DNA derived from phenotyped slow and rapid acetylators. Two common (M1, M2) and one rare (M3) mutant allele were identified and their mutations characterized. A simple polymerase chain reaction-based DNA test can identify > 95% of mutant alleles and predict the phenotype. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Meyer, U A AD - Biocenter of the University of Basel, Switzerland. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 213 EP - 216 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Chromosomes KW - DNA KW - Cloning KW - Liver KW - Proteins KW - human populations KW - Drugs KW - Metabolism KW - Mutants KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21249844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Polymorphism+of+human+acetyltransferases.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+U+A&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromosomes; Liver; Cloning; DNA; Proteins; human populations; Drugs; Metabolism; Mutants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for direct-acting oxidative genotoxicity by reduction products of azo dyes. AN - 21249840; 11703566 AB - The intestinal flora forms a complex ecosystem that metabolizes dietary and endogenous nutrients under primarily anaerobic conditions. The ingestion of azo dyes has been proposed as one source of potential genotoxic agents. Many intestinal bacteria are able to reduce the azo bond (termed azofission), which liberates the substituted naphthol compounds. The standard Ames test has not demonstrated mutagenicity either by various common food colorings or by their reduced end products in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. In contrast, genetic toxicity was demonstrated in the Escherichia coli differential kill assay and in S. typhimurium TA102 for the reduced dyes. The superoxide free radical was produced by the azo dyes only after reduction by the intestinal bacteria Enterococcus faecalis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sweeney, E A AU - Chipman, J K AU - Forsythe, S J AD - Department of Life Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, England. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 119 EP - 122 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts KW - AMES test KW - Food KW - Nutrients KW - Escherichia coli KW - Diets KW - Mutagenicity KW - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron KW - flora KW - Azo dyes KW - Free radicals KW - Genotoxicity KW - Enterococcus faecalis KW - Toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Ingestion KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Ames test KW - Intestinal microflora KW - Dyes KW - Superoxide KW - Intestine KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21249840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+direct-acting+oxidative+genotoxicity+by+reduction+products+of+azo+dyes.&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+E+A%3BChipman%2C+J+K%3BForsythe%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Intestinal microflora; Mutagenicity; Dyes; Azo dyes; Food; Superoxide; Free radicals; Genotoxicity; Intestine; Nutrients; Ames test; Anaerobic conditions; Diets; flora; AMES test; Toxicity; Ingestion; Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; Escherichia coli; Enterococcus faecalis; Salmonella typhimurium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local action plans for sustainable communities AN - 20807205; 10905246 AB - This paper traces the origin of the "local action plan for sustainable development" that has become increasingly important for cities and municipalities since the United Nations Earth Summit (also called the UN Conference on Environment and Development, UNCED) in June 1992. It describes the response in the United Kingdom and at the World Bank and discusses guidelines for undertaking a local action plan, including the principles that underlie it, the content, the main actors and the implementation. JF - Environment and Urbanization AU - Parenteau, Rene AD - CUC-AIT, Asian Institute of Technology, Division of Human Settlements, GPO 2754, Bangkok 10501, THAILAND Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 183 EP - 199 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0956-2478, 0956-2478 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Development projects KW - Urbanization KW - Conferences KW - Sustainable development KW - Land use KW - guidelines KW - United Nations KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 08:International UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20807205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+and+Urbanization&rft.atitle=Local+action+plans+for+sustainable+communities&rft.au=Parenteau%2C+Rene&rft.aulast=Parenteau&rft.aufirst=Rene&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+and+Urbanization&rft.issn=09562478&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F095624789400600211 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Development projects; Conferences; Urbanization; guidelines; Sustainable development; United Nations; Land use DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624789400600211 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Committee Activities of the Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate, January 4, 1993 to December 1, 1994 AN - 1679146592; CO02037 AB - Submits report of activities of Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, during January 4, 1993-December 1, 1994, including legislation drafted, recommendations on arms control and other matters, and oversight hearings and investigations. AU - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence AD - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence PY - 1994 SP - 36 KW - Air reconnaissance KW - Bombings KW - Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - Central Intelligence Agency Headquarters' Shootings (1993) KW - Chemical Weapons Convention (1993) KW - China KW - Classification of information KW - Confirmation hearings KW - Congressional oversight KW - Counterintelligence KW - Counterterrorism KW - Covert operations KW - Cuba KW - Economic intelligence KW - Electronic intelligence KW - Environmental intelligence KW - Foreign intelligence KW - Government budgeting KW - Haiti KW - Information security KW - Intelligence cooperation KW - Intelligence oversight KW - Intelligence personnel KW - Intelligence training KW - Internal security KW - Kennedy, John F. Assassination (1963) KW - Korea (North) KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws and regulations KW - North American Free Trade Agreement (1994) KW - Nuclear nonproliferation KW - On-site inspection KW - Organized crime KW - Photographic intelligence KW - Remote sensing KW - Russia KW - Signals intelligence KW - Somalia KW - Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II (1993) KW - Tactical Intelligence and Related Activities Program KW - Telecommunications KW - Ukraine KW - Unmanned aerial vehicles KW - World Trade Center Bombing (1993) KW - Boren, David L. KW - Clinton, William J. KW - Metzenbaum, Howard M. KW - Chafee, John H. KW - Warner, John William KW - Ames, Aldrich H. KW - Woolsey, R. James KW - DeConcini, Dennis KW - Graham, Robert KW - Kennedy, John F. KW - Clapper, James R., Jr. KW - Cohen, William S. KW - Boren, David L. KW - Clinton, William J. KW - Metzenbaum, Howard M. KW - Chafee, John H. KW - Warner, John William KW - Ames, Aldrich H. KW - Woolsey, R. James KW - DeConcini, Dennis KW - Graham, Robert KW - Kennedy, John F. KW - Clapper, James R., Jr. KW - Cohen, William S. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679146592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_co&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Committee+Activities+of+the+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence%2C+United+States+Senate%2C+January+4%2C+1993+to+December+1%2C+1994&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aulast=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160418763&rft.btitle=Public+Elementary+and+Secondary+State+Aggregate+Data%2C+by+State+for+School+Years+1991-92+and+1990-91.+E.D.+TABS.&rft.title=Public+Elementary+and+Secondary+State+Aggregate+Data%2C+by+State+for+School+Years+1991-92+and+1990-91.+E.D.+TABS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Name - Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons; United States. Central Intelligence Agency; United States. Congress; United States. Department of Agriculture; United States. Department of Commerce; United States. Department of Defense; United States. Department of the Interior; United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Environmental Protection Agency; United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. National Archives and Records Administration; United States. National Reconnaissance Office; United States. National Security Agency/Central Security Service; United States. White House N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Report N1 - People - Ames, Aldrich H.; Boren, David L.; Chafee, John H.; Clapper, James R., Jr.; Clinton, William J.; Cohen, William S.; DeConcini, Dennis; Graham, Robert; Kennedy, John F.; Metzenbaum, Howard M.; Warner, John William; Woolsey, R. James N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Legislative Oversight of Intelligence Activities: The U.S. Experience AN - 1679145133; CO02036 AB - Describes structure, operation, functions, evolution, and other aspects of U.S. intelligence oversight system. AU - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence AD - United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence PY - 1994 SP - 162 KW - Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (Atlanta) Investigation (1989-) KW - Central America KW - Central Intelligence Agency Act (1949) KW - Classified Information Procedures Act (1980) KW - Cold War (1945-1991) KW - Confirmation hearings KW - Congressional investigations KW - Congressional oversight KW - Covert operations KW - Executive Order 12036 (1978) KW - Executive Order 12333 (1981) KW - Executive power KW - Foreign intelligence KW - Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (1978) KW - Government budgeting KW - Information access KW - Information security KW - Intelligence Identities Protection Act (1980) KW - Intelligence oversight KW - Intelligence Oversight Act (1980) KW - Iran-Contra Affair (1985-1994) KW - Laws and regulations KW - National Security Act (1947) KW - Organizational structure KW - Political history KW - Surveillance KW - Treaties KW - Clinton, William J. KW - Carter, Jimmy KW - Casey, William J. KW - Reagan, Ronald W. KW - Gates, Robert M. KW - Bush, George H.W. KW - Clinton, William J. KW - Carter, Jimmy KW - Casey, William J. KW - Reagan, Ronald W. KW - Gates, Robert M. KW - Bush, George H.W. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1679145133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Adnsa_co&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Legislative+Oversight+of+Intelligence+Activities%3A+The+U.S.+Experience&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aulast=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Digital National Security Archive N1 - Name - United States. Central Intelligence Agency; United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Intelligence; United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities; United States. Director of Central Intelligence; United States. President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board N1 - Analyte descriptor - NSA document type: Report N1 - People - Bush, George H.W.; Carter, Jimmy; Casey, William J.; Clinton, William J.; Gates, Robert M.; Reagan, Ronald W. N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health Concepts, Issues, and Experience in the Abakaliki Area, Nigeria AN - 14357769; 10491963 AB - Health problems are exacerbated by low income. In a socioeconomically depressed agrarian area of Nigeria, several environmental health problems exist and are reviewed. The water is contaminated by parasites and by zinc and metals from nearby mining operations. It is near a polluting cement factory. Population increases have caused farming to intensify with dwindling yields. The status of health, nutrition, sanitation, and housing have declined despite massive planning efforts. Long-term help from developed countries was placed at risk by the economic downturn of the 1980s. The goal of the aid agencies should be to develop the capacity to handle health problems within the developing country. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chukwuma, Chrysanthus Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 854 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SANITATION KW - NIGERIA KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - DEVELOPING NATIONS KW - HEALTH, ENV KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14357769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Health+Concepts%2C+Issues%2C+and+Experience+in+the+Abakaliki+Area%2C+Nigeria&rft.au=Chukwuma%2C+Chrysanthus&rft.aulast=Chukwuma&rft.aufirst=Chrysanthus&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=854&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 39 |t References N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SANITATION; NIGERIA; PUBLIC HEALTH; DEVELOPING NATIONS; HEALTH, ENV ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Tobacco Smoke Is Just as Damaging to DNA as Mainstream Smoke AN - 14357711; 10491965 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bermudez, Eliezer AU - Stone, Koni AU - Carter, Kristine M AU - Pryor, William A Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 870 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - HYDROGEN PEROXIDE KW - CIGARETTE SMOKE KW - ENZYMES KW - AIR POLLUTION DAMAGE KW - DNA KW - GLUTATHIONE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14357711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Tobacco+Smoke+Is+Just+as+Damaging+to+DNA+as+Mainstream+Smoke&rft.au=Bermudez%2C+Eliezer%3BStone%2C+Koni%3BCarter%2C+Kristine+M%3BPryor%2C+William+A&rft.aulast=Bermudez&rft.aufirst=Eliezer&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=870&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ENZYMES; AIR POLLUTION DAMAGE; DNA; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; CIGARETTE SMOKE; GLUTATHIONE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternatives to Incineration: There's More Than One Way to Remediate AN - 14357155; 10491962 AB - Several alternatives to incineration for hazardous waste disposal are presented. Thermal desorption is used to remediate soil at the site of gas plants. Initially, soil is placed in hoppers under anaerobic conditions to rid it of segregated effluents. Next, water and volatiles are driven off in a distillation chamber, followed by a high temperature treatment to vaporize organic compounds with high boiling points. Medical waste can be disinfected by microwaving, a step that is preceded by shredding and steam injection. The cost of vitrification has recently dropped. In this process the waste is turned into glass, which can be reused. Bioremediation uses bacteria to degrade hazardous chemicals, such as the pesticide, Dinoseb. Waste minimization can be used to reduce the amount of material needing disposal. Several technologies developed under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation are listed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pellerin, Cheryl Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 840 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - WASTE, MEDICAL KW - VITRIFICATION KW - WASTE DISPOSAL KW - BIODEGRADATION KW - DISINFECTION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14357155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Alternatives+to+Incineration%3A+There%27s+More+Than+One+Way+to+Remediate&rft.au=Pellerin%2C+Cheryl&rft.aulast=Pellerin&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=840&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - WASTE DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT; WASTE, MEDICAL; VITRIFICATION; DISINFECTION; BIODEGRADATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy of Silica Particles from Alveolar Macrophages of Coal Miners AN - 14356300; 10491964 AB - Chemical microanalysis and electron microscopy of particles containing silica obtained from the lungs of three miners and of respirable particles from samples taken from mines showed that the lungs contained particles that were structurally different than those found in mines. Quartz-based particles found in the lung tended to be highly pure. Morphology and composition of particles was also different in each of the miners, who had different health histories. One worker had black lung disease, one showed signs of pneumoconiosis, and one was considered to be normal. Individual susceptibility to pneumoconiosis from silica exposure may depend on intercellular mechanisms. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rainey, Lenore C AU - Bolsaitis, Peter AU - Dirsa, Barbara AU - Vander Sande, John B Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 862 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SILICATES KW - PNEUMOCONIOSIS KW - PULMONARY EFFECTS KW - RESPIRABLE DUST KW - QUARTZ KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14356300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Characterization+by+Scanning+Transmission+Electron+Microscopy+of+Silica+Particles+from+Alveolar+Macrophages+of+Coal+Miners&rft.au=Rainey%2C+Lenore+C%3BBolsaitis%2C+Peter%3BDirsa%2C+Barbara%3BVander+Sande%2C+John+B&rft.aulast=Rainey&rft.aufirst=Lenore&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=862&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 7 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SILICATES; PNEUMOCONIOSIS; PULMONARY EFFECTS; RESPIRABLE DUST; QUARTZ ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radio-Free America: What to Do with the Waste AN - 14350383; 10491960 AB - Several methods have been explored for disposal of radioactive wastes generated during this century. Disposal in space has been abandoned, because of its expense and the risk. International law and recovery difficulties have eliminated burial in the ice of Antarctica as a solution. Seabed burial would render the wastes inaccessible, and is presently prohibited by international law, but remains an active area of investigation, although there is a risk of accidental release during transport. Geologic burial is favored by most countries having nuclear wastes, although there is risk of groundwater contamination, and release via human interference. Irradiated fuel can be separated from uranium and plutonium, but the expensive method increases the waste volume by 160 times. Transmutation, in which the waste is bombarded with neutrons to convert it to isotopes with shorter half-lives is being investigated in the US and Japan. Long-term storage in aboveground buildings is proposed by some nongovernmental entities, but is not being pursued because of the long-term commitment to human control, and risk of sabotage. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Breslin, Karen Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 832 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL KW - RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - SEABED DISPOSAL KW - DISPOSAL METHODS KW - WASTE DISPOSAL, SUBSURFACE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14350383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Radio-Free+America%3A+What+to+Do+with+the+Waste&rft.au=Breslin%2C+Karen&rft.aulast=Breslin&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=832&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL; RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT; SEABED DISPOSAL; DISPOSAL METHODS; WASTE DISPOSAL, SUBSURFACE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of Environmentally Related Diseases AN - 14350190; 10491958 AB - Several measures that could streamline efforts to identify human carcinogens in the environment are reviewed. Acceptance of mutagenicity as an indicator of probable carcinogenicity would allow for screening of more compounds, and building on present knowledge about structure activity relationships would allow for prediction of probable carcinogenicity. Agents other than industrial chemicals, such as UV light may contribute more to the total cancer rate, and should be explored to gain the greatest public health benefits. Similarly, the roles of diet, age, and behaviors that are related to cancer should be investigated. Models are needed for susceptibility to cancer and for human cancers. Adverse effects from environmental chemicals other than mutagenicity should be investigated. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Barrett, JCarl Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 812 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - US NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENV HEALTH SCIENCES KW - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - MUTAGENIC AGENTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14350190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+Environmentally+Related+Diseases&rft.au=Barrett%2C+JCarl&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=JCarl&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=812&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 27 |t References N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - US NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENV HEALTH SCIENCES; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; PUBLIC HEALTH; MUTAGENIC AGENTS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two Steps Forward on Environmental Justice AN - 14349805; 10491961 AB - In early 1994, President Clinton issued an executive order requiring federal agencies to ensure environmental justice for minority and poor communities. Task forces on data, implementation, interagency projects, outreach, research and health, enforcement and compliance, Native Americans, and definitions and standards were set up, and expected to develop strategies within four to six months. Agencies are required to have public meetings. Since the idea of environmental justice is new, and not everyone agrees that there is hard evidence of its existence, the early phase for almost every task force involved defining terms, and informing task force members. A National Environmental Justice Advisory Council, made up of 23 experts advises the task force. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Johnson, Pamela E Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 836 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - ENV JUSTICE KW - POLICY AND PLANNING KW - ENV ACTION, FEDERAL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14349805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Two+Steps+Forward+on+Environmental+Justice&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Pamela+E&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - POLICY AND PLANNING; ENV JUSTICE; ENV ACTION, FEDERAL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Creeping Suspicion about Radon AN - 14349748; 10491959 AB - Radon exposure may cause as many as 15,000 lung cancer deaths annually in the US. This is approximately five times the rate of lung cancer deaths from tobacco smoke. Much of the risk comes from inhalation of radon decay products in the home environment, although 5% of the risk is from ingestion and inhalation of aerosol from groundwater. EPA is moving to limit radon in the water supply. About one third of the counties in the US are designated as having indoor levels above 4 pCi/l air. Although EPA still recommends short-term testing, long-term testing is more accurate, because of fluctuations caused by barometric pressure and temperature. Several Epidemiological risk assessment studies are underway, and are briefly described. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Alderson, Laura Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 826 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - UNITED STATES KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - RADON KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14349748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+Creeping+Suspicion+about+Radon&rft.au=Alderson%2C+Laura&rft.aulast=Alderson&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; UNITED STATES; PUBLIC HEALTH; RADON ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in Serial Blood Lead Levels During Pregnancy AN - 14346554; 10491966 AB - Blood lead levels were followed from the twelfth week of pregnancy through parturition in more than 100 women residing in the Valley of Mexico. Mean concentration was 7.0 mu g/dl. Significant decreases in blood Pb levels were noted between the twelfth and twentieth week, after which significant increases were noted until parturition. The decrease could not be explained by the accompanying hematocrit decrease, although organ development and hemodilution might explain the phenomenon. The continuation of hemodilution and development do not explain the increases found during the latter part of pregnancy. Increased absorption by the gut, mobilization of lead in bone, and lead retention may be the cause of the elevation of blood lead levels. Offspring were normal. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rothenberg, Stephen J AU - Karchmer, Samuel AU - Schnaas, Lourdes AU - Perroni, Estela AU - Zea, Francisco AU - Alba, Julio Fernandez Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 876 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MEXICO KW - REPRODUCTION, HUMAN KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - PREGNANCY KW - TEMPORAL COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14346554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Changes+in+Serial+Blood+Lead+Levels+During+Pregnancy&rft.au=Rothenberg%2C+Stephen+J%3BKarchmer%2C+Samuel%3BSchnaas%2C+Lourdes%3BPerroni%2C+Estela%3BZea%2C+Francisco%3BAlba%2C+Julio+Fernandez&rft.aulast=Rothenberg&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=876&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MEXICO; REPRODUCTION, HUMAN; PREGNANCY; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; TEMPORAL COMPARISONS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design quo vadis? Strategies and Tools for the Future of European Design AN - 1311972478 JF - Design Issues Y1 - 1994///Fall PY - 1994 DA - Fall 1994 SP - 77 CY - Chicago, Ill. PB - University of Illinois at Chicago VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0747-9360 KW - Applied Arts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1311972478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+BALB%2Fc-3T3+Cells%3A+V.+Transformation+Responses+of+168+Chemicals+Compared+with+Mutagenicity+in+Salmonella+and+Carcinogenicity+in+Rodent+Bioassays&rft.au=Matthews%2C+Edwin+J%3BSpalding%2C+Judson+W%3BTennant%2C+Raymond+W&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-25 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reforming and Consolidating Federal Job Training Programs. Hearing on Examining Proposals To Reform and Consolidate Federal Job Training Programs, before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62634250; ED385702 AB - This hearing is a continuation of a bipartisan effort to consolidate, reform, and revitalize federally funded job training programs. Testimony includes statements of U.S. senators and individuals representing the following: National Association of State Job Training Coordinating Council and Human Resource Investment Council; American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME); Focus: HOPE, Detroit, Michigan; Federal Reserve Bank of Boston; National Association of Private Industry Councils; Tradeswomen of Purpose/Women in Nontraditional Work; and Eastman Kodak Co. (YLB) Y1 - 1994/09/28/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Sep 28 SP - 76 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160460603 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Federal Programs KW - Hearings KW - Vocational Education KW - Job Training KW - Employment Programs KW - Labor Force Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62634250?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Improving America's Schools Act, Conference Report (To Accompany H.R. 6). House of Representatives, 103D Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62629104; ED386266 AB - This report from the United States House of Representatives presents the complete amended version of the House bill to extend for 5 years the authorizations of appropriations for the programs under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The current reauthorization bill is known as the "Improving America's Schools Act." The first half of the report is divided into five parts. Title I--Amendments to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965, is the largest section. It covers 13 sections of the ESEA, which include provisions for: (1) helping disadvantaged children meet high standards; (2) professional development; (3) technology for education; (4) safe and drug-free schools and communities; (5) promoting equity; (6) bilingual education and language acquisition; (7) impact aid; (8) Native American Education; and (9) the School Facilities Infrastructure Improvement Act. Title II covers Amendments to the General Education Provision Act. Title III covers amendments to other Acts affecting education, which include the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (also covering homeless children), and Goals 2000. Title IV covers provision for the National Education Statistics Act of 1994. Title V covers miscellaneous provisions. The remainder of the report provides a joint explanatory statement of the committee of conference as to the proposed changes to the original bill. (HTH) Y1 - 1994/09/28/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Sep 28 SP - 930 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - Goals 2000 KW - Improving Americas Schools Act 1994 KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Programs KW - Educational Facilities KW - High Risk Students KW - Federal Aid KW - Special Needs Students KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Professional Development KW - Educational Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Statistical Data KW - Educational Technology KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62629104?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Review of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Proposed Rule, "Nutrition Objectives for School Meals." Hearing before the Subcommittee on Department Operations and Nutrition of the Committee on Agriculture. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62736037; ED381286 AB - These hearing transcripts provide testimony on a rule proposed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), "Nutrition Objectives for School Meals," that would require meals served under the national school lunch program to be consistent with federal dietary guidelines. The majority of the testimony addressed the content of school meals and efficacy of the proposed rule, either supporting the USDA's guidelines or calling for more local autonomy in planning meals to meet nutrition guidelines. Testimony was heard from: (1) Representatives Charles W. Stenholm, Pat Roberts, Steve Gunderson, and Dan Glickman; (2) Ellen Haas, the Assistant Secretary, Food and Consumer Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture; (3) the Wheat Foods Council; (4) the National Milk Producers Federation; (5) the American Cancer Society; (6) the Society for Nutrition Education; (7) the National Food Processors Association; (8) the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports; (9) the Food Research and Action Center; (10) the American School Food Services Association; (11) the National Parent-Teacher Association; (12) Public Voice for Food and Health Policy; (13) the National Cattlemen's Association; (14) the United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association; (15) the Canadian Pediatric Society; (16) the American Heart Association; (17) the California Department of Education; (18) the Produce Marketing Association; and (19) the International Dairy Foods Association. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/09/07/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Sep 07 SP - 301 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160466644 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Department of Agriculture KW - Nutritional Trends KW - Trade Associations KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Program Attitudes KW - Government Role KW - Lunch Programs KW - Hearings KW - Federal Regulation KW - Nutrition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62736037?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contains many pages of small print. Serial No. 103 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Prisoners of Time: Research. What We Know and What We Need To Know. AN - 62745854; ED378685 AB - The Education Council Act of 1991 Established the National Education Commission on Time and Learning as an independent advisory body and called for a comprehensive review of the relationship between time and learning in American schools. The commission's report, released in May 1994, found that school reform is destined to founder unless programs provide time for learning. This document is a supplementary volume to the first report, summarizing research and suggesting an agenda for further research. Section I, comprised of four chapters, summarizes research findings considered by the commission. These chapters review research regarding four of the commission's substantive recommendations: (1) reclaim the academic day; (2) fix the design flaw; (3) keep schools open to meet the needs of children and communities; and (4) give teachers professional time and opportunities. The second section outlines a number of critical questions asked by the commission for which little or inadequate information was available. It returns to the four major concerns of the preceding chapters and specifies further information needed in these areas. Two figures are included. (Contains 116 references.) (LMI) AU - Kane, Cheryl M. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 61 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Nongraded Instructional Grouping KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Professional Development KW - Flexible Progression KW - Classroom Techniques KW - Efficiency KW - Time Factors (Learning) KW - Scheduling KW - Extended School Year KW - Extended School Day KW - Time Management KW - Time on Task UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62745854?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related documents, see EA 026 454 and ED 366 1 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Prisoners of Time. Schools and Programs Making Time Work for Students and Teachers. AN - 62745810; ED378686 AB - The Education Council Act of 1991 established the National Education Commission on Time and Learning as an independent advisory body and called for a comprehensive review of the relationship between time and learning in U.S. schools. This document serves as a supplementary volume to the commission's first report released in May 1994, which found that most school-reform designs are structurally flawed by their adherence to a traditional school calendar. This volume describes innovative approaches to the use of school time. It provides nearly 40 examples of exemplary efforts to make better use of available time and extend the amount of time students spend learning. The brief program descriptions are from 15 elementary schools, 15 middle and senior high schools, 4 districtwide efforts, and 6 special programs. They include public and private schools in rural, urban, and suburban areas from 26 states. Information for reaching contact persons is provided. A review of the programs indicates that many different kinds of schools and districts have already implemented many of the commission's recommendations. The most common approaches in descending order include: (1) redesigning available time; (2) employing technology; (3) extending the school day or year; (4) providing time for professional development; and (5) providing support services for children or families. Finally, the approaches to the redesign of time usage differ by school level. (LMI) Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 64 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Professional Development KW - Instructional Improvement KW - Efficiency KW - Time Factors (Learning) KW - Scheduling KW - Extended School Year KW - Educational Innovation KW - Extended School Day KW - Time Management KW - Time on Task UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62745810?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related documents, see EA 026 453 and ED 366 1 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Creating a Government That Works Better & Costs Less. Status Report. Report of the National Performance Review. AN - 62745514; ED384295 AB - This publication reports on progress 1 year into the Clinton Administration's "Reinventing Government" initiative, a long-term effort at significantly revamping the federal government's operations. A preliminary chapter notes the culture change involved in the reinvention process. Individual chapters then report progress for each of the four principles underlying the initiative. These are: putting customers first, empowering employees to get results, cutting red tape, and cutting back to basics. A final chapter identifies continuing challenges in the reinvention process. Appendices detail the status of major recommendations by agency and those affecting governmental systems, summarize savings to date, and list presidential and congressional actions taken to date. As an example, in reporting on the status of 12 recommendations for the Department of Education, the report notes such achievements as: implementation of a comprehensive planning process to improve department-wide programs and internal management; reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; implementation of a new direct student loan program that will save taxpayers about $4.3 billion over the first 5 years, and $1 billion each year thereafter; significant progress in debt collection; implementation of a "one-stop shopping" approach for information dissemination and assistance; encouragement of employees to adopt individual development plans and to use performance measurement in implementing department policy; and identification and elimination of 64 cumbersome, ineffective rules by a"Low Hanging Apples Team." (JB) AU - Gore, Al Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 123 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Clinton Administration KW - Debt Collection KW - Department of Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - National Performance Review KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Federal Aid KW - Institutional Administration KW - Government Role KW - Information Dissemination KW - Program Costs KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Program Termination KW - Professional Development KW - Higher Education KW - Federal Government KW - Staff Development KW - Eligibility KW - Efficiency KW - Public Agencies KW - Federal Legislation KW - Institutional Evaluation KW - Federal Programs KW - Cost Effectiveness KW - Federal Regulation KW - Program Evaluation KW - Organizational Change KW - Research Administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62745514?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - The twelve recommendations pertaining to the U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Putting Customers First: Standards for Serving the American People. AN - 62745274; ED384296 AB - This document, part of the Clinton Administration's "Reinventing Government" initiative involving a long-term, significant revamping of the federal bureaucracy, presents a comprehensive set of published customer service standards for the United States Government. It presents more than 1,500 standards representing commitments from more than 100 federal agencies for the following customer groups: beneficiaries; business; the general public; law enforcement; natural resource management; the research and academic community; states, localities, and other partners; travelers, tourists, and outdoor enthusiasts; the U.S. Government and federal employees; and veterans. The text of Executive Order 12862 and of the customer service standards are provided in appendices. As an example, with regard to the Department of Education as it serves the general public and the research/academic community, individuals and institutions should expect to receive: individual attention and prompt, professional service; an effort to meet customer needs and expectations; information that is timely, dependable, and accurate; easy access to services and information; and every opportunity to offer input and feedback. Other customer service standards related to education are presented here for Goals 2000, Impact Aid, the Office for Civil Rights, and the Student Financial Assistance program. As the Department serves the research and academic community they can expect the same general standards and the same specific standards for the Goals 2000, Impact Aid, Office for Civil Rights, and Students Financial Assistance program. (JB) AU - Clinton, Bill AU - Gore, Al Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 152 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Clinton Administration KW - Customer Services KW - Department of Education KW - Federal Employees KW - Goals 2000 KW - Impact Aid KW - National Performance Review KW - Office for Civil Rights KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Institutional Administration KW - Government Role KW - Information Dissemination KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Higher Education KW - Federal Government KW - Government Employees KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Efficiency KW - Public Agencies KW - Institutional Evaluation KW - Federal Programs KW - Federal Regulation KW - Standards KW - Organizational Effectiveness KW - Research Administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62745274?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Material pertaining to the U.S. Department of Educ N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Campus Security: A First Look at Promising Practices. AN - 62744732; ED374756 AB - This booklet is designed to assist colleges and universities as they develop policies, procedures, and programs to increase safety, respond appropriately to victims of crime, and fully comply with federal requirements established by the Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act of 1990. Part 1 presents 11 topics for helping define comprehensive, exemplary campus security programs. Topics include: statement of behavioral expectations by chief officers of the institution; a plan for timely dissemination of information; effective campus security organization and personnel; services designed to foster safety through prevention; security-sensitive physical plant design and maintenance; a fair, just, clearly articulated judicial system; victims' assistance programs; special considerations for residence halls; special attention to more volatile areas; good campus-community relations; and campus crises prevention and response plan. Part 2 presents some examples of practices, shared by campus officials across the country, that may be helpful to other colleges and universities, categorized according to Part 1's topic areas. Appendix A lists the schools cited in the report. Appendix B lists resources in the field of campus security. (JDD) AU - Kirkland, Connie J. AU - Siegel, Dorothy G. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 49 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington DC 20402-9328 (Stock No. 065-000-00681-2). SN - 0160452406 KW - Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act 1990 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Practitioners KW - Crime Prevention KW - Safety KW - Guidelines KW - Higher Education KW - School Security KW - Federal Legislation KW - Colleges KW - School Policy KW - Policy Formation KW - Program Development KW - Compliance (Legal) KW - Campuses KW - Universities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62744732?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Labor's Key Role in Workplace Training. AN - 62743643; ED382762 AB - AFL-CIO unions representing a wide range of workers in virtually every sector of the economy have teamed with employers to develop and sustain successful programs resulting in better trained, more productive workers. Joint training and education programs come in various forms and offer a wide range of services depending on the industry and worker and employer needs. The United Automobile and Aerospace Workers union has joined forces with Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors to develop programs that allow workers to upgrade skills, further their education, and seek assistance in personal and work-related matters. The most well-known programs involving the Communications Workers of America and International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers are the Alliance for Employee Growth and Development and the Enhanced Training Opportunities Program. Other joint programs include the following: Service Employees International Union's strategies aimed at expanding upward mobility opportunities; Education Fund of the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees; efforts of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers ranging from full-scale high performance work organization efforts to efforts to assist displaced workers; the Institute for Career Development of the United Steelworkers of America; and programs in the maritime trades and paper industry. The Wisconsin Regional Training Partnership, a partnership among government, industry, and labor, is an attempt to establish a labor market board for Milwaukee, Wisconsin. (YLB) AU - Roberts, Markley AU - Wozniak, Robert Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 24 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Coordination KW - Cooperative Programs KW - Unions KW - Job Training KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Career Development KW - Program Implementation KW - Labor Education KW - Program Development KW - Union Members KW - Educational Innovation KW - Employer Employee Relationship KW - Vocational Education KW - Labor Force Development KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62743643?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Undergraduates Who Work While Enrolled in Postsecondary Education: 1989-90. Contractor Report. Postsecondary Education Descriptive Analysis Reports. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62741837; ED374727 AB - This report examines how much undergraduates work while enrolled in postsecondary education for the academic year 1989-90. It specifically addresses types of institutions they attended, educational experiences, and the relationship of their education cost and financial aid to the amount of time they worked while enrolled. The report presents data from the 1989-90 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study in narrative and tabular forms. Results suggest that not only are most undergraduates working while they are enrolled, a substantial number are working full time. Other highlights include: (1) about 75 percent of all (full and part time) undergraduates worked at some time during 1989-90 of which 40 percent reported working full time at some time while enrolled; (2) among undergraduates enrolled full time for a full academic year, about 22 percent worked full time at some time during their enrollment; (3) undergraduates who attended private, for-profit institutions were much less likely to work while enrolled (61 percent); (4) undergraduates who worked while enrolled were employed for most of their enrollment; (5) most undergraduates held jobs in the areas of administrative support, service occupations, blue collar occupations, marketing, and as sales clerks; and (6) women were less likely to work full time while enrolled than men. Includes a glossary and technical notes. (Contains 12 references.) (JB) AU - Horn, Laura AU - Maw, Carlyle Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 89 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-311 KW - National Postsecondary Student Aid Study KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Student Employment KW - Undergraduate Students KW - Employment Level KW - Student Characteristics KW - Employment Statistics KW - Private Colleges KW - Higher Education KW - Part Time Employment KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Economic Factors KW - Minority Groups KW - Sex Differences KW - Enrollment KW - College Students KW - Employment Patterns KW - Working Hours KW - Student Costs KW - State Colleges UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62741837?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Information Security and Privacy in Network Environments. AN - 62739962; ED375805 AB - The use of information networks for business and government is expanding enormously. Government use of networks features prominently in plans to make government more efficient, effective, and responsive. But the transformation brought about by the networking also raises new concerns for the security and privacy of networked information. This Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) report was requested by the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs and the House Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Finance. The report begins with background information and an overview of the current situation, a statement of the problems involved in safeguarding unclassified networked information, and a summary of policy issues and options. The major part of the report is then devoted to detailed discussions of policy issues in three areas: (1) cryptography policy, including federal information processing standards and export controls; (2) guidance on safeguarding unclassified information in federal agencies; and (3) legal issues and information security, including electronic commerce, privacy, and intellectual property. Appendices include Congressional letters of request; the Computer Security Act and related documents; evolution of the digital signature standard; and lists of workshop participants, reviews, and other contributors. An index is provided. A separately published eight-page OTA Report Summary is included. (JLB) Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 260 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 (S/N 052-003-01387-8; $16). VL - OTA-TCT-606 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Computer Networks KW - Information Policy KW - Computer Security KW - Government Role KW - Information Dissemination KW - Federal Government KW - Cryptography KW - Intellectual Property KW - Freedom of Information KW - Access to Information KW - Privacy KW - Information Networks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62739962?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Systemic Reform: Perspectives on Personalizing Education. AN - 62739941; ED376557 AB - The eight papers collected here bring to bear a complex set of perspectives on a common problem: how to make education more effective now and in the future. The papers speak to the need to understand education as an individual-driven, learner-centered activity. Following Ronald J. Anson's introduction called "Personalizing Systemic Reform," the papers include the following: (1) "Coordinating Top-Down and Bottom-Up Strategies for Educational Reform" (Michael G. Fullan); (2) "Change Has Changed: Implications for Implementation of Assessments from the Organizational Change Literature" (Suzanne M. Stiegelbauer); (3) "Time for Teachers in School Restructuring" (Joseph Cambone); (4) "New Boundaries for School-Based Management: The High Involvement Model" (Priscilla Wohlstetter, Roxane Smyer, and Susan Albers Mohrman); (5) "Teachers' Professional Development in a Climate of Educational Reform" (Judith Warren Little); (6) "Realizing the Promise of Technology: The Need for Systemic Reform" (Jane L. David); (7) "Bringing Schools and Communities Together in Preparation for the 21st Century: Implications of the Current Educational Reform Movement for Family and Community Involvement Policies" (Patrick M. Shields); and (8) "Research Knowledge and Policy Issues in Cultural Diversity and Education" (Roland G. Tharp). References accompany each chapter. (LMI) AU - Anson, Ronald J. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 203 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Community Relationship KW - Cultural Pluralism KW - Educational Change KW - School Based Management KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Professional Development KW - Change Strategies KW - Organizational Change KW - Educational Technology KW - Educational Improvement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62739941?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Dropout Rates in the United States: 1993. AN - 62739279; ED375222 AB - This report presents 1993 data on high school dropout and retention rates, examines high school completion and graduation rates, and discusses new data-collection efforts by the National Center for Education Statistics that have a direct bearing on the issues of high school dropout and graduation rates. The report also draws comparisons between cohort dropout rates for sophomores in 1990 and 1980 and provides detailed data on demographic and socioeconomic levels as they relate to high school completion and graduation rates data. Among the findings it is shown that national dropout rates have declined over the past 10 to 15 years; high school completion rates were increasing; Blacks had larger high school completion rate increases than Whites, but for Hispanics the rates were lower than for either Blacks or Whites; and, within income levels, the rates for Blacks and Whites were similar. While analyses of status and dropout rates for each racial and ethnic group show that the differential between Whites and Blacks is narrowing, analysis of data from two sophomore cohorts a decade apart in time show a 46 percent reduction in the sophomore-to-senior-year dropout rates. Appendixes contain standard-error and time-series tables, technical notes, and the alternative definitions of high school completion rates by age group and race-ethnicity from 1972 to 1993. (GLR) AU - McMillen, Marilyn M. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 190 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160451957 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Practitioners KW - High School Graduates KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - School Holding Power KW - Dropout Rate KW - National Surveys KW - Cohort Analysis KW - Comparative Analysis KW - White Students KW - Hispanic Americans KW - High Schools KW - Black Students KW - Data Analysis KW - Tables (Data) KW - High School Students UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62739279?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Decade of the Brain. AN - 62637910; ED386011 AB - This guide to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is organized in three parts which address understanding the problem, getting help, and sustaining hope. A question-and-answer format addresses the following topics: symptoms of ADHD; other conditions which may produce similar symptoms; other disorders which may accompany ADHD; causes of ADHD; the identification and diagnosis of ADHD; educational options for the ADHD student; treatments for the individual with ADHD; the possibility of curing or outgrowing ADHD; hope offered by research; and sources of information and support. Three sample cases are used throughout the guide to illustrate major concepts. Suggested resources include books for children, teens, and adults with attention disorders; books for parents; and resources for teachers and specialists. Also listed are 14 organizational resources. (Contains 31 suggested readings.) (DB) AU - Neuwirth, Sharyn Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 48 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160452570 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Etiology KW - Clinical Diagnosis KW - Student Characteristics KW - Therapy KW - Intervention KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Research and Development KW - Disability Identification KW - Educational Needs KW - Educational Diagnosis KW - Symptoms (Individual Disorders) KW - Attention Deficit Disorders KW - Student Evaluation KW - Hyperactivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62637910?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Anxiety Disorders. AN - 62549831; ED398505 AB - Anxiey, in general, helps one to cope. It rouses a person to action and gears one up to face a threatening situation. It makes students study harder for exams, and keeps presenters on their toes when making speeches. But an anxiety disorder can prevent one from coping and can disrupt daily life. Anxiety disorders are not just a case of "nerves," they are illnesses, often related to biological makeup and life experiences of the individual, and they frequently run in families. This pamphlet was produced in order to help laypersons understand anxiety disorders, and to explain the role of research in conquering anxiety and other mental disorders. There are several types of anxiety disorders, each with its own distinct features. This brochure offers brief explanations of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder (which is sometimes accompanied by agoraphobia), specific phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Information on treatment and how to get help for anxiety disorders is provided, along with 11 additional sources of information. (JBJ) AU - Dickey, Marilyn Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 29 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NIH-94-3879 KW - National Institute of Mental Health KW - Obsessive Compulsive Behavior KW - Panic Disorder KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Psychological Patterns KW - Anxiety KW - Emotional Problems KW - Mental Health KW - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder KW - Coping UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62549831?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partnership in Rural Water Supply and Sanitation: A Case Study from Bangladesh AN - 61623633; 199501977 AB - Presents results from a 2-year rural Water Supply & Sanitation (WSS) project in rural Bangladesh. Implemented by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), the project was intended to provide low cost technology for water & sanitation, achieve better collaboration between agencies in water & sanitation services, & raise community consciousness of the importance of safe water use & hygiene. Handpumps, latrines, & hygiene education were provided to rural people through NGO partners. Data obtained during field visits reveal a lack of community participation, personal hygiene practices, & effective use & maintenance of the WSS provisions. However, the effectiveness of a multiagency approach in providing technologies to an unserved population in an efficient way, was demonstrated. Principal challenges to be addressed include the training of individuals & improvement of hygiene practices. Multiagency cooperation will be needed. 1 Table, 14 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Health Policy and Planning AU - Hoque, Bilqis Amin AU - Hoque, Mohammed Mozzammel AD - Community Health Division International Centre Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128 Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 288 EP - 293 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0268-1080, 0268-1080 KW - rural water supply/sanitation project, Bangladesh KW - field data KW - International Organizations KW - Sanitation KW - Rural Communities KW - Water Supply KW - Program Evaluation KW - Community Involvement KW - Hygiene KW - Health Education KW - Technology Transfer KW - Bangladesh KW - Interorganizational Relations KW - article KW - 8340: social development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61623633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Policy+and+Planning&rft.atitle=Partnership+in+Rural+Water+Supply+and+Sanitation%3A+A+Case+Study+from+Bangladesh&rft.au=Hoque%2C+Bilqis+Amin%3BHoque%2C+Mohammed+Mozzammel&rft.aulast=Hoque&rft.aufirst=Carole&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rural Communities; Water Supply; Sanitation; Bangladesh; International Organizations; Technology Transfer; Interorganizational Relations; Health Education; Hygiene; Community Involvement; Program Evaluation ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Handbook of international economic statistics, 1994 T2 - CPAS 94-10001 AN - 59675303; 1995-0101900 AB - Statistics for the OECD, selected East European countries and, when available, data for the independent republics of the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia; 1970-93, chiefly. Includes data on environmental issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents; National Technical Information Service; Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540, September 1994. v+197+1 pp. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 EP - v+197+1 PB - Superintendent of Documents; National Technical Information Service; Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540 KW - Eastern Europe -- Economic conditions -- Statistics KW - Economic conditions -- Statistics KW - Yugoslavia -- Economic conditions -- Statistics KW - Commonwealth of independent states -- Economic conditions -- Statistics KW - Environment -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59675303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B197%2B1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+international+economic+statistics%2C+1994&rft.title=Handbook+of+international+economic+statistics%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540; Supt Docs (22x28 cm) spiral bdg; Nat Tech Info Service N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s), map(s), index(es) N1 - SuppNotes - folded sheet N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters AN - 50184103; 1994-054290 AB - The problems of the secondary distribution of trace metals in the hydrous sedimentary environment is addressed and comparison is invited with the 600 m.y. Bunyeroo ejecta, South Australia. JF - Earth and Planetary Science Letters AU - Glikson, A Y Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 493 EP - 496 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 126 IS - 4 SN - 0012-821X, 0012-821X KW - enrichment KW - Paleoarchean KW - platinum group KW - iridium KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Transvaal region KW - geochemical anomalies KW - terrigenous materials KW - Archean KW - South Africa KW - trace elements KW - Mpumalanga South Africa KW - geochemistry KW - spherules KW - Precambrian KW - shale KW - sedimentation KW - impacts KW - Barberton Mountain Land KW - genesis KW - provenance KW - Fig Tree Group KW - Onverwacht Group KW - metals KW - Southern Africa KW - Africa KW - trace metals KW - clastic rocks KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 12:Stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50184103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+and+Planetary+Science+Letters&rft.atitle=Earth+and+Planetary+Science+Letters&rft.au=Glikson%2C+A+Y&rft.aulast=Glikson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+and+Planetary+Science+Letters&rft.issn=0012821X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0012-821X%2894%2990126-0 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0012821X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom | Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to reply, see Koeberl, Christian, and Reimold, W. U., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., Vol. 126, p. 497, 1994; for reference to original see Koeberl, Christian, et al., Vol. 119, p. 441, 1993 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - EPSLA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; Archean; Barberton Mountain Land; clastic rocks; enrichment; Fig Tree Group; genesis; geochemical anomalies; geochemistry; impacts; iridium; metals; Mpumalanga South Africa; Onverwacht Group; Paleoarchean; platinum group; Precambrian; provenance; sedimentary rocks; sedimentation; shale; South Africa; Southern Africa; spherules; terrigenous materials; trace elements; trace metals; Transvaal region DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(94)90126-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of denaturing-gradient gel electrophoresis to study chromium-induced point mutations in human cells. AN - 21275457; 11701613 AB - A large number of hprt-mutants were obtained by treating human lymphoblast cells (TK6) with 5 microM K2Cr2O7 for 5 hr and selecting by growth in 6-thioguanine. A combination of high fidelity polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) allowed us to measure mutant frequencies as a function of DNA sequence. Chromium(VI) induced four hotspots in a 104 bp domain of hprt exon 3. Substitutions at G:C base pairs were the predominant mutations. One of the chromium-induced hotspots was located at the same position as previously determined hydrogen peroxide and benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide hotspots. Images Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chen, J AU - Thilly, W G AD - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 227 EP - 229 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - hot spots KW - Electrophoresis KW - Chromium KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - DNA KW - Mutation KW - Mutants KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21275457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Use+of+denaturing-gradient+gel+electrophoresis+to+study+chromium-induced+point+mutations+in+human+cells.&rft.au=Chen%2C+J%3BThilly%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hot spots; Electrophoresis; Chromium; DNA; hydrogen peroxide; Mutation; Mutants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Newer systems for bacterial resistances to toxic heavy metals. AN - 21270282; 11701609 AB - Bacterial plasmids contain specific genes for resistances to toxic heavy metal ions including Ag+, AsO2-, AsO4(3-), Cd2+, Co2+, CrO4(2-), Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sb3+, and Zn2+. Recent progress with plasmid copper-resistance systems in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas syringae show a system of four gene products, an inner membrane protein (PcoD), an outer membrane protein (PcoB), and two periplasmic Cu(2+)-binding proteins (PcoA and PcoC). Synthesis of this system is governed by two regulatory proteins (the membrane sensor PcoS and the soluble responder PcoR, probably a DNA-binding protein), homologous to other bacterial two-component regulatory systems. Chromosomally encoded Cu2+ P-type ATPases have recently been recognized in Enterococcus hirae and these are closely homologous to the bacterial cadmium efflux ATPase and the human copper-deficiency disease Menkes gene product. The Cd(2+)-efflux ATPase of gram-positive bacteria is a large P-type ATPase, homologous to the muscle Ca2+ ATPase and the Na+/K+ ATPases of animals. The arsenic-resistance system of gram-negative bacteria functions as an oxyanion efflux ATPase for arsenite and presumably antimonite. However, the structure of the arsenic ATPase is fundamentally different from that of P-type ATPases. The absence of the arsA gene (for the ATPase subunit) in gram-positive bacteria raises questions of energy-coupling for arsenite efflux. The ArsC protein product of the arsenic-resistance operons of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is an intracellular enzyme that reduces arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)], the substrate for the transport pump. Newly studied cation efflux systems for Cd2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ (Czc) or Co2+ and Ni2+ resistance (Cnr) lack ATPase motifs in their predicted polypeptide sequences. Therefore, not all plasmid-resistance systems that function through toxic ion efflux are ATPases. The first well-defined bacterial metallothionein was found in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Bacterial metallothionein is encoded by the smtA gene and contains 56 amino acids, including nine cysteine residues (fewer than animal metallothioneins). The synthesis of Synechococcus metallothionein is regulated by a repressor protein, the product of the adjacent but separately transcribed smtB gene. Regulation of metallothionein synthesis occurs at different levels; quickly by derepression of repressor activity, or over a longer time by deletion of the repressor gene at fixed positions and by amplification of the metallothionein DNA region leading to multiple copies of the gene. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Silver, S AU - Ji, G AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 107 EP - 113 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts KW - outer membrane proteins KW - Metallothionein KW - Heavy metals KW - Gram-positive bacteria KW - Membrane proteins KW - Copper KW - Lead KW - Ca super(2+)-transporting ATPase KW - Gene deletion KW - regulatory proteins KW - metal ions KW - Inner membranes KW - Gram-negative bacteria KW - Zinc KW - Escherichia coli KW - Cadmium KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - heavy metals KW - Cerebroside-sulfatase KW - Ions KW - Arsenic KW - Membranes KW - Amino acids KW - Adenosinetriphosphatase KW - DNA-binding protein KW - Derepression KW - Arsenite KW - Muscles KW - Synechococcus KW - Enzymes KW - Plasmids KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Enterococcus hirae KW - metallothioneins KW - Cysteine KW - DNA KW - Proteins KW - Pumps KW - Na super(+)/K super(+)-exchanging ATPase KW - Operons KW - Repressors KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - X 24360:Metals KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21270282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Newer+systems+for+bacterial+resistances+to+toxic+heavy+metals.&rft.au=Silver%2C+S%3BJi%2C+G&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - outer membrane proteins; Metallothionein; Heavy metals; Gram-positive bacteria; Copper; Membrane proteins; Lead; Ca super(2+)-transporting ATPase; Gene deletion; regulatory proteins; Gram-negative bacteria; Inner membranes; Zinc; Cadmium; Cerebroside-sulfatase; Ions; Arsenic; Adenosinetriphosphatase; Amino acids; DNA-binding protein; Muscles; Arsenite; Derepression; Enzymes; Plasmids; Cysteine; DNA; Operons; Na super(+)/K super(+)-exchanging ATPase; Repressors; Membranes; metallothioneins; metal ions; Proteins; Pumps; heavy metals; Cyanobacteria; Enterococcus hirae; Escherichia coli; Synechococcus; Pseudomonas syringae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of metal treatment on DNA repair in polyamine-depleted HeLa cells with special reference to nickel. AN - 21262875; 11701617 AB - Human cells depleted of the naturally occurring polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine exhibit altered chromatin structure and marked deficiencies in DNA replicative and repair processes. Similar effects have been observed following treatment of normal mammalian cells with various heavy metal salts. In an attempt to better understand how metals interfere with normal DNA metabolic processes, a series of studies was carried out in which the toxicity and repair-inhibitory properties of various metals were evaluated in polyamine-depleted HeLa cells. Cytotoxicity of copper, zinc, magnesium, and cadmium was not altered in cells carrying lower polyamine pools. However, the sensitivity to nickel was markedly increased upon polyamine depletion, a condition that was readily reversed by polyamine supplementation. Nucleoid sedimentation analysis indicated that a greater amount of nickel-induced DNA damage occurred in polyamine-depleted cells than in normal cells, possibly serving as the basis for the increased sensitivity. Both polyamine depletion and nickel treatment result in decreased repair of DNA strand breaks and decreased cloning efficiency following X-ray and ultraviolet irradiation. Nickel treatment of polyamine-depleted cells resulted in synergistic sensitivity to both radiation treatments. None of the other metals tested enhanced X-ray or ultraviolet sensitivity of polyamine-depleted cells. Analysis of retarded repair sites following ultraviolet irradiation indicated those sites to be nonligatable in polyamine-depleted and nickel-treated cells, suggesting a block in the normal gap-sealing process. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Snyder, R D AD - Department of Cancer Biology, Marion Merrell Dow Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 51 EP - 55 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - Spermine KW - Chromatin KW - Heavy metals KW - Nickel KW - Copper KW - Supplementation KW - Efficiency KW - U.V. radiation KW - Spermidine KW - Mammalian cells KW - Zinc KW - Cadmium KW - Sedimentation KW - heavy metals KW - Metals KW - Sensitivity KW - Toxicity KW - DNA repair KW - DNA damage KW - Salts KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Putrescine KW - polyamines KW - Irradiation KW - Ionizing radiation KW - DNA KW - Nucleoids KW - Magnesium KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21262875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+metal+treatment+on+DNA+repair+in+polyamine-depleted+HeLa+cells+with+special+reference+to+nickel.&rft.au=Snyder%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spermine; Chromatin; Heavy metals; Nickel; Copper; Toxicity; DNA repair; Supplementation; Salts; DNA damage; Cytotoxicity; U.V. radiation; Putrescine; Mammalian cells; Spermidine; polyamines; Ionizing radiation; Zinc; Nucleoids; Cadmium; Sedimentation; Magnesium; Sensitivity; Metals; Efficiency; Irradiation; DNA; heavy metals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chromium on DNA replication in vitro. AN - 21261929; 11701620 AB - Chromium is an environmentally significant human carcinogen with complicated metabolism and an unknown mechanism of mutagenesis. Chromium(VI) is taken up by cells as the chromate anion and is reduced intracellularly via reactive intermediates to stable Cr(III) species. Chromium(III) forms tight complexes with biological ligands, such as DNA and proteins, which are slow to exchange. In vitro, CrCl3.6H2O primarily interacts with DNA to form outer shell charge complexes with the DNA phosphates. However, at micromolar concentrations, the Cr(III) binds to a low number of saturable tight binding sites on single-stranded M13 DNA. Additional chromium interacts in a nonspecific manner with the DNA and can form intermolecular DNA cross-links. Although high concentrations of Cr(III) inhibit DNA replication, micromolar concentrations of Cr(III) can substitute for Mg2+, weakly activate the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I (Pol I-KF), and act as an enhancer of nucleotide incorporation. Alterations in enzyme kinetics induced by Cr(III) increase DNA polymerase processivity and the rate of polymerase bypass of DNA lesions. This results in an increased rate of spontaneous mutagenesis during DNA replication both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that chromium(III) may contribute to chromate-induced mutagenesis and may be a factor in the initiation of chromium carcinogenesis. Images Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Snow, E T AD - New York University Medical Center, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 41 EP - 44 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - Anions KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagenesis KW - DNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - Escherichia coli KW - Lesions KW - DNA biosynthesis KW - Chromium KW - Replication KW - Enzymes KW - Nucleotides KW - Phosphates KW - Phosphate KW - Kinetics KW - Carcinogenesis KW - DNA KW - Proteins KW - Shells KW - Chromate KW - Magnesium KW - Metabolism KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chromium+on+DNA+replication+in+vitro.&rft.au=Snow%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Snow&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA biosynthesis; Anions; Chromium; Replication; Enzymes; Carcinogens; Nucleotides; Mutagenesis; Phosphate; DNA-directed DNA polymerase; Kinetics; Carcinogenesis; Shells; Magnesium; Chromate; Metabolism; Phosphates; DNA; Proteins; Lesions; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of progesterone pretreatment on cadmium toxicity in male Fischer (F344/NCr) and Wistar (WF/NCr) rats. AN - 21260562; 11701619 AB - A previous report indicated that progesterone pretreatment can markedly reduce cadmium (Cd) toxicity in male NAW mice. Therefore we examined the effects of progesterone pretreatment on Cd toxicity in male Fischer (F344) and Wistar (WF) rats. A single subcutaneous injection of 10 or 30 mumole (CdCl2)/kg proved nonlethal over 24 hr but caused the typical spectrum of testicular lesions in these rats. Moreover, when F344 rats were pretreated with progesterone (100 mg/kg, sc, at -48, -24, and 0 hr) and then given cadmium (20 mumole CdCl2/kg, 0 hr), this dose of cadmium proved very toxic, unexpectedly causing 53% mortality. Progesterone pretreatment had no effect on cadmium-induced lethality in WF rats or on testicular lesions in either strain. Significant elevations in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, indicative of hepatotoxicity, were also observed in progesterone-pretreated F344 rats given cadmium as compared to rats given Cd alone. Progesterone did not induce increases in hepatic or renal metallothionein (MT) and hepatic or testicular MT-I mRNA levels in F344 rats. In contrast, levels of the testicular cadmium-binding protein (TCBP) in progesterone-pretreated F344 rats were doubled. This increase in TCBP provided no protection against cadmium toxicity in the testes. These results indicate that, in contrast to previously reported data for mice, progesterone pretreatment increased the lethality of cadmium in male F344 rats and had no effect on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in F344 and WF rats. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Shiraishi, N AU - Barter, R A AU - Uno, H AU - Waalkes, M P AD - Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 277 EP - 280 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Testes KW - Mortality KW - Data processing KW - Metallothionein KW - Progesterone KW - males KW - Mice KW - Toxicity KW - hepatotoxicity KW - L-Lactate dehydrogenase KW - mRNA KW - Rats KW - Lethality KW - metallothioneins KW - Kidney KW - Liver KW - Lesions KW - Proteins KW - Cadmium KW - X 24360:Metals KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effect+of+progesterone+pretreatment+on+cadmium+toxicity+in+male+Fischer+%28F344%2FNCr%29+and+Wistar+%28WF%2FNCr%29+rats.&rft.au=Shiraishi%2C+N%3BBarter%2C+R+A%3BUno%2C+H%3BWaalkes%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Shiraishi&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testes; Mortality; Data processing; Progesterone; Metallothionein; Toxicity; hepatotoxicity; mRNA; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Lethality; Liver; Kidney; Cadmium; Rats; metallothioneins; Proteins; males; Lesions; Mice ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apparent quiescence of the metallothionein gene in the rat ventral prostate: association with cadmium-induced prostate tumors in rats. AN - 21260077; 11703534 AB - Several chronic studies in rats indicating that cadmium exposure can induce tumors of the ventral prostate have recently been completed in our laboratory. In one such study, a single dose of cadmium, s.c., increased prostatic tumor incidence only at doses below 5.0 mumol/kg, the approximate threshold for cadmium-induced testicular damage. In a further study, prostatic tumors were elevated with higher doses of cadmium (30 mumol/kg, s.c.) if testicular damage was prevented by zinc pretreatment. Most recently, we found that dietary cadmium (25 to 200 micrograms/g) also can increase prostatic neoplastic lesions, but these were reduced by zinc-deficient diets. Thus it appears that cadmium produces prostatic tumors only if testicular function is maintained. Furthermore, we find that metallothionein (MT), a protein associated with cadmium tolerance, may be deficient in the rat prostate, and the prostatic MT gene, at least in the ventral lobe, is unresponsive to metal stimuli. In liver, MT gene expression, as assessed by MT-1 mRNA, was quite apparent in control tissue and was induced in a dose-dependent manner 24 hr following cadmium exposure (1 to 10 mumol/kg, s.c.). However, in the ventral prostate very low constitutive levels of MT-1 mRNA were detected and increases did not occur with cadmium exposure. Cadmium concentrations in the ventral prostate were in excess of those that cause significant induction in the liver. In sharp contrast to the gene in the ventral prostate, in the dorsal prostate the MT gene was quite active. The dorsal prostate is not susceptible to cadmium carcinogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 1. Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Coogan, T P AU - Shiraishi, N AU - Waalkes, M P AD - Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 137 EP - 139 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Diets KW - Metals KW - metallothioneins KW - Zinc KW - Liver KW - Lesions KW - Proteins KW - tumors KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Apparent+quiescence+of+the+metallothionein+gene+in+the+rat+ventral+prostate%3A+association+with+cadmium-induced+prostate+tumors+in+rats.&rft.au=Coogan%2C+T+P%3BShiraishi%2C+N%3BWaalkes%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Rats; Metals; metallothioneins; Zinc; Liver; Proteins; Lesions; tumors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation by carcinogenic chromate: relationship to DNA damage, genotoxicity, and inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. AN - 21259848; 11701621 AB - Hexavalent chromium (Cr) compounds are respiratory carcinogens in humans and animals. Treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells with 150 and 300 microM sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) for 2 hr decreased colony-forming efficiency by 46 and 92%, respectively. These treatments induced dose-dependent internucleosomal fragmentation of cellular DNA beyond 24 hr after chromate treatment. This fragmentation pattern is characteristic of apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death. These treatments also induced an immediate inhibition of macromolecular synthesis and delayed progression of cells through S-phase of the cell cycle. Cell growth (as evidenced by DNA synthesis) was inhibited for at least 4 days and transcription remained suppressed for at least 32 hr. Many of the cells that did progress to metaphase exhibited chromosome damage. Chromate caused the dose-dependent formation of DNA single-strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links, but these were repaired 8 and 24 hr after removal of the treatment, respectively. In contrast, Cr-DNA adducts (up to 1/100 base-pairs) were extremely resistant to repair and were still detectable even 5 days after treatment. Compared with other regions of the genome, DNA-protein cross-links and Cr adducts were preferentially associated with the nuclear matrix DNA of treated cells, which was 4.5-fold enriched in actively transcribed genes. Chromium adducts, formed on DNA in vitro at a similar level to that detected in nuclear matrix DNA, arrested the progression of a DNA polymerase in a sequence-specific manner, possibly through the formation of DNA-DNA cross-links.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 7. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Manning, F C AU - Blankenship, L J AU - Wise, J P AU - Xu, J AU - Bridgewater, L C AU - Patierno, S R AD - Department of Pharmacology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington DC. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 159 EP - 167 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Macromolecules KW - Apoptosis KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Cell cycle KW - Carcinogens KW - Metaphase KW - DNA fragmentation KW - Efficiency KW - Chromosomes KW - Carcinogenicity KW - DNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - sodium chromate KW - Mortality KW - DNA biosynthesis KW - DNA adducts KW - Chromium KW - Adducts KW - Genotoxicity KW - Transcription KW - Sodium KW - DNA damage KW - DNA KW - Chromate KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Induction+of+internucleosomal+DNA+fragmentation+by+carcinogenic+chromate%3A+relationship+to+DNA+damage%2C+genotoxicity%2C+and+inhibition+of+macromolecular+synthesis.&rft.au=Manning%2C+F+C%3BBlankenship%2C+L+J%3BWise%2C+J+P%3BXu%2C+J%3BBridgewater%2C+L+C%3BPatierno%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; sodium chromate; DNA adducts; DNA biosynthesis; Macromolecules; Apoptosis; Chromium; Nucleotide sequence; Adducts; Genotoxicity; Cell cycle; Transcription; Carcinogens; Metaphase; DNA damage; DNA fragmentation; Chromosomes; DNA-directed DNA polymerase; Chromate; Sodium; Mortality; Efficiency; Carcinogenicity; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generation of hydroxyl radical by chromate in biologically relevant systems: role of Cr(V) complexes versus tetraperoxochromate(V). AN - 21259832; 11701615 AB - While Cr(V) species and .OH radicals have been suggested to play significant roles in the mechanism of chromate-related carcinogenesis, controversy still exists regarding the identity of the Cr(V) species and their role in the generation of .OH radicals. Some recent studies have suggested that the primary Cr(V) species involved is the tetraperoxochromate(V) (CrO8(3-)) ion, which produces .OH radical either on decomposition or by reaction with H2O2. The present study utilized ESR and spin trapping techniques to probe this mechanism. The results obtained show that (i) CrO8(3-) is not formed in any significant quantity in the reaction of chromate with biologically relevant reductants such as glutathione, glutathione reductase, NAD(P)H, ascorbate, vitamin B2, etc. (ii) Decomposition of CrO8(3-), or its reaction with H2O2 does not generate any significant amount of .OH radicals. (iii) The major Cr(V) species formed are complexes of Cr(V) with reductant moieties as ligands. (iv) These Cr(V) complexes generate .OH radicals from H2O2 via Fenton-like reaction. The present study thus disagrees with the recently proposed "tetraperoxochromate(V) theory of carcinogenesis from chromate." Instead, it suggests an alternative mechanism, which might be labeled as "the Cr(V)-complexation-Fenton reaction model of carcinogenesis from chromate. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Shi, X AU - Dalal, N S AD - Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 231 EP - 236 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - vitamins KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Decomposition KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Generation+of+hydroxyl+radical+by+chromate+in+biologically+relevant+systems%3A+role+of+Cr%28V%29+complexes+versus+tetraperoxochromate%28V%29.&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BDalal%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vitamins; Carcinogenesis; Decomposition; Hydroxyl radicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of paramagnetic chromium in chromium(VI)-induced damage in cultured mammalian cells. AN - 21259810; 11701612 AB - Chromium(VI) compounds are known to be potent toxic and carcinogenic agents. Because chromium(VI) is easily taken up by cells and is subsequently reduced to chromium(III), the formation of paramagnetic chromium such as chromium(V) and chromium(III) is believed to play a role in the adverse biological effects of chromium(VI) compounds. The present report, uses electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy; the importance of the role of paramagnetic chromium in chromium(VI)-induced damage in intact cultured cells is discussed, based upon our studies with antioxidants including vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), B2 (riboflavin), C (ascorbic acid), and so on. These studies appear to confirm the participation of paramagnetic Cr such as chromium(V) and Chromium(III) in chromium(VI)-induced cellular damage. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sugiyama, M AD - Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 31 EP - 33 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - vitamins KW - Antioxidants KW - biological effects KW - Carcinogenic agents KW - Spectroscopy KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Role+of+paramagnetic+chromium+in+chromium%28VI%29-induced+damage+in+cultured+mammalian+cells.&rft.au=Sugiyama%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sugiyama&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antioxidants; vitamins; biological effects; Carcinogenic agents; Spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA single-strand breaks and cytotoxicity induced by chromate(VI), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) in hydrogen peroxide-resistant cell lines. AN - 21258785; 11703536 AB - The induction of cytotoxicity and DNA single-strand breaks by chromium(VI), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) were compared in H2O2-resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO(R)) cells and parental (CHO(P)) cells. Using a colony-forming assay, CHO(R) cells were found to be significantly more resistant than CHO(P) cells to the cytotoxicity caused by CdCl2 and HgCl2, but not to that caused by Na2CrO4. However, the DNA single-strand breaks produced by each of these metals were significantly lower in the CHO(R) cells. With respect to chromium reduction, the level of chromium(V) in CHO(R) cells was decreased. The role of intracellular active oxygen in the heavy metal-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity is discussed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tsuzuki, K AU - Sugiyama, M AU - Haramaki, N AD - Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 341 EP - 342 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - Metals KW - DNA damage KW - Oxygen KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Chromium KW - Heavy metals KW - DNA KW - Hydrogen KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=DNA+single-strand+breaks+and+cytotoxicity+induced+by+chromate%28VI%29%2C+cadmium%28II%29%2C+and+mercury%28II%29+in+hydrogen+peroxide-resistant+cell+lines.&rft.au=Tsuzuki%2C+K%3BSugiyama%2C+M%3BHaramaki%2C+N&rft.aulast=Negro-Vilar&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxygen; DNA damage; Cytotoxicity; Chromium; Heavy metals; Hydrogen; Metals; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of zinc and cadmium on apoptotic DNA fragmentation in isolated bovine liver nuclei. AN - 21253687; 11701616 AB - Isolated nuclei from mammalian cells contain a calcium-dependent endonuclease. The produced DNA fragmentation is a necessary step in the sequence of events resulting in apoptosis (programmed cell death). We report here that zinc and cadmium inhibit the calcium-dependent endonuclease. The essential metal ion zinc may counterbalance the calcium-mediated apoptosis. In contrast to zinc, cadmium alone stimulates the endonuclease by replacing calcium. Thus cadmium exerts a dual effect: micromolar concentrations inhibit the apoptotic endonuclease in the presence but activate the enzyme in the absence of calcium. Images Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lohmann, R D AU - Beyersmann, D AD - Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Germany. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 269 EP - 271 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Mortality KW - Apoptosis KW - Calcium KW - Heavy metals KW - Enzymes KW - DNA fragmentation KW - Mammalian cells KW - Zinc KW - DNA KW - Liver KW - Cadmium KW - Endonuclease KW - Nuclei KW - N 14835:Protein-Nucleic Acids Association KW - X 24360:Metals KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+zinc+and+cadmium+on+apoptotic+DNA+fragmentation+in+isolated+bovine+liver+nuclei.&rft.au=Lohmann%2C+R+D%3BBeyersmann%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lohmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA fragmentation; Calcium; Apoptosis; Mammalian cells; Heavy metals; Zinc; Liver; Enzymes; Cadmium; Nuclei; Endonuclease; Mortality; Metals; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential cytotoxic effects of arsenic on human and animal cells. AN - 21253310; 11701618 AB - Human fibroblasts (HFW) were 10-fold more susceptible than Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells to sodium arsenite. Comparison of cellular antioxidant enzyme activities showed that CHO-K1 cells contained 3- and 8-fold more glutathione-peroxidase and catalase activities, respectively, than HFW cells. Since vitamin E, methylamine, and benzyl alcohol could prevent, in part, the arsenite-induced killing of HFW cells, we suggest that arsenite can induce oxidative damage in HFW cells. We have also established arsenic-resistant cells, SA7 and CL3R, from CHO cells and from a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (CL3), respectively. The arsenic resistance of SA7 cells was attributed mainly to elevation of glutathione S-transferase pi levels, and that of CL3R cells was possibly due to an increase in heme oxygenase activity. Since induction of heme oxygenase is a general response to oxidative stress, we suspect that the differential toxicity of arsenic to human and animal cells could be due to arsenic's more efficient induction of oxidative damage in human cells. Images Figure 5. Figure 6. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lee, T C AU - Ho, I C AD - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 101 EP - 105 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Sodium KW - Animals KW - Arsenic KW - Antioxidants KW - vitamins KW - Lung KW - enzymatic activity KW - Toxicity KW - oxidative stress KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Differential+cytotoxic+effects+of+arsenic+on+human+and+animal+cells.&rft.au=Lee%2C+T+C%3BHo%2C+I+C&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sodium; Animals; Arsenic; vitamins; Antioxidants; Lung; enzymatic activity; Toxicity; oxidative stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment and characterization of methylmercury-resistant PC12 cell line. AN - 21253301; 11701607 AB - Methylmercury (MeHg)-resistant sublines of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were isolated by repeated exposure to stepwise increased concentrations of MeHg. One of the sublines (PC12/TM) showed an 8- to 10-fold increase in resistance to MeHg compared with parent PC12 cells on the basis of the concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC50) of growth. PC12/TM cells accumulated smaller amounts of MeHg than parent PC12 cells. This reduction in MeHg accumulation in PC12/TM cells resulted from slow uptake and rapid efflux. The intracellular glutathione (GSH) level in PC12/TM cells was four times higher than that of PC12 cells. Pretreatment of PC12/TM cells with buthionine sulfoximine, which decreased the GSH level to that of the parent PC12 cells, increased the sensitivity of PC12/TM cells to MeHg. A close correlation between the MeHg accumulation and MeHg sensitivity was found among seven sublines of PC12 cells and parent PC12 cell line. The GSH level in PC12 sublines was also correlated with their sensitivity to MeHg. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Miura, K AU - Clarkson, T W AU - Ikeda, K AU - Naganuma, A AU - Imura, N AD - Department of Environmental Sciences, Wako University, Tokyo, Japan. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 313 EP - 315 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - Methylmercury KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Establishment+and+characterization+of+methylmercury-resistant+PC12+cell+line.&rft.au=Miura%2C+K%3BClarkson%2C+T+W%3BIkeda%2C+K%3BNaganuma%2C+A%3BImura%2C+N&rft.aulast=Miura&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methylmercury; Sensitivity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The significance of the nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of metallothionein in human liver and tumor cells. AN - 21252346; 11701611 AB - Metallothioneins are a group of low-molecular-weight intracellular proteins present in high levels in fetal mammalian livers, bound to zinc and copper. They are also present in two major isoforms in low basal levels in various organs of adults in several species. Although a number of functions have been proposed for metallothioneins, their major biological roles may be in the storage of zinc and copper during rapid growth and development, and also in the detoxification of certain toxic metals. In adult liver, metallothionein is mainly localized in the cytoplasm, it is localized also in the hepatocyte nuclei in human fetal liver and fetal and neonatal rat liver, as determined by immunohistochemical staining with a specific metallothionein antibody. Because of its high expression in fetal development, the potential role of metallothioneins in human tumors was investigated. The cellular localization of metallothionein was demonstrated in various human tumors such as thyroid tumors, testicular germ cell carcinoma, bladder transitional cell carcinomas, and salivary gland tumors. In most of these tumor tissues, metallothioneins were found in high levels in nucleus and cytoplasm in both benign and malignant tumors, although the proliferating edge of the malignant tumors showed most intense metallothionein staining. The expression of metallothionein is not universal to all tumor growth; its presence may depend on various factors, such as the type of tumor, cellular origin, morphological heterogeneity, or stage of growth. Human testicular seminomas, which are well differentiated, showed little expression of metallothionein irrespective of the staging, as compared to less well-differentiated embryonal carcinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 3. Figure 4. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cherian, M G AD - Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 131 EP - 135 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Metals KW - urinary bladder KW - metallothioneins KW - Zinc KW - Liver KW - tumors KW - Copper KW - Neonates KW - Organs KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21252346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+significance+of+the+nuclear+and+cytoplasmic+localization+of+metallothionein+in+human+liver+and+tumor+cells.&rft.au=Cherian%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Cherian&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - urinary bladder; Metals; metallothioneins; Zinc; Liver; tumors; Neonates; Copper; Organs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadium distribution in rats and DNA cleavage by vanadyl complex: implication for vanadium toxicity and biological effects. AN - 21251391; 11703542 AB - Vanadium ion is toxic to animals. However, vanadium is also an agent used for chemoprotection against cancers in animals. To understand both the toxic and beneficial effects we studied vanadium distribution in rats. Accumulation of vanadium in the liver nuclei of rats given low doses of compounds in the +4 or +5 oxidation state was greater than in the liver nuclei of rats given high doses of vanadium compounds or the vanadate (+5 oxidation state) compound. Vanadium was incorporated exclusively in the vanadyl (+4 oxidation state) form. We also investigated the reactions of vanadyl ion and found that incubation of DNA with vanadyl ion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) led to intense DNA cleavage. ESR spin trapping demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals are generated during the reactions of vanadyl ion and H2O2. Thus, we propose that the mechanism for vanadium-dependent toxicity and antineoplastic action is due to DNA cleavage by hydroxyl radicals generated in living systems. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sakurai, H AD - Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 35 EP - 36 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - Vanadium KW - vanadate KW - Vanadium compounds KW - Free radicals KW - Toxicity KW - Trapping KW - Cancer KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - Rats KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Oxidation KW - DNA KW - Liver KW - Nuclei KW - chemoprotection KW - X 24490:Other KW - N 14845:Miscellaneous KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Vanadium+distribution+in+rats+and+DNA+cleavage+by+vanadyl+complex%3A+implication+for+vanadium+toxicity+and+biological+effects.&rft.au=Sakurai%2C+H&rft.aulast=Delemarre-van+de+Waal&rft.aufirst=Henriette&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vanadium; vanadate; Hydrogen peroxide; Free radicals; Oxidation; Liver; DNA; Toxicity; Nuclei; Trapping; Cancer; chemoprotection; Rats; Vanadium compounds; Hydroxyl radicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subcellular targets of cadmium nephrotoxicity: cadmium binding to renal membrane proteins in animals with or without protective metallothionein synthesis. AN - 21251353; 11701605 AB - Nephrotoxic effects of cadmium exposure are well established in humans and experimental animals. An early manifestation of such toxicity is calciuria a few hours after injection of CdMT in rats. Protection against calciuria and other adverse effects such as proteinuria (occurring later) is offered by pretreatment with Cd, which effectively induces metallothionein synthesis. In the present experiment, one group of animals was given pretreatment with CdCl2 to induce metallothionein synthesis. The comparison group was left without pretreatment. The distribution of Cd from a normally nephrotoxic dose of 109CdMT was studied by gel chromatography in subcellular fractions of kidney cortex in both groups. In the pretreated animals, 109Cd in the plasma membrane and microsome fractions of renal cortical cells was mainly bound to metallothionein and other low molecular weight proteins at 4 hr. In nonpretreated animals the major part of 109Cd was bound to high molecular weight proteins. These findings indicate that membrane proteins may be important targets for Cd when inducing nephrotoxicity and that sequestering of Cd by metallothionein (and other low molecular weight proteins) may be a mechanism of protection. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Nordberg, G F AU - Jin, T AU - Nordberg, M AD - Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Umea, Sweden. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 191 EP - 194 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Membranes KW - metallothioneins KW - Chromatography KW - Kidney KW - Proteins KW - Toxicity KW - Side effects KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Subcellular+targets+of+cadmium+nephrotoxicity%3A+cadmium+binding+to+renal+membrane+proteins+in+animals+with+or+without+protective+metallothionein+synthesis.&rft.au=Nordberg%2C+G+F%3BJin%2C+T%3BNordberg%2C+M&rft.aulast=Nordberg&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rats; Animals; Membranes; Chromatography; metallothioneins; Kidney; Proteins; Toxicity; Side effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo effects of chromium. AN - 21251331; 11703531 AB - The production of reactive oxygen species on addition of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7) to lung cells in culture was studied using flow cytometer analysis. A Coulter Epics Profile II flow cytometer was used to detect the formation of reactive oxygen species after K2Cr2O7 was added to A549 cells grown to confluence. The cells were loaded with the dye, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, after which cellular esterases removed the acetate groups and the dye was trapped intracellularly. Reactive oxygen species oxidized the dye, with resultant fluorescence. Increased doses of Cr(VI) caused increasing fluorescence (10-fold higher than background at 200 microM). Addition of Cr(III) compounds, as the picolinate or chloride, caused no increased fluorescence. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies indicated that three (as yet unidentified) spectral "signals" of the free radical type were formed on addition of 20, 50, 100, and 200 microM Cr(VI) to the A549 cells in suspension. Two other EPR "signals" with the characteristics of Cr(V) entities were seen at field values lower than the standard free radical value. Liver microsomes from male Sprague-Dawley rats treated intraperitoneally with K2Cr2O7 (130 mumole/kg every 48 hr for six treatments) had decreased activity of cytochromes P4503A1 and/or 3A2, and 2C11. Hepatic microsomes from treated female Sprague-Dawley rats, in contrast, had increased activities of these isozymes. Lung microsomes from male Sprague-Dawley rats had increased activity of P4502C11. Images Figure 4. Figure 6. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Witmer, C AU - Faria, E AU - Park, H S AU - Sadrieh, N AU - Yurkow, E AU - O'Connell, S AU - Sirak, A AU - Schleyer, H AD - Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 169 EP - 176 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Oxygen KW - Fluorescence KW - Cytochrome KW - Lung KW - Chlorides KW - Liver KW - Potassium KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=In+vivo+effects+of+chromium.&rft.au=Witmer%2C+C%3BFaria%2C+E%3BPark%2C+H+S%3BSadrieh%2C+N%3BYurkow%2C+E%3BO%27Connell%2C+S%3BSirak%2C+A%3BSchleyer%2C+H&rft.aulast=Witmer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rats; Oxygen; Cytochrome; Fluorescence; Lung; Liver; Chlorides; Potassium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro and in vivo studies on the degradation of metallothionein. AN - 21251023; 11703546 AB - Degradation of metallothionein (MT) from rat liver was examined. Degradation of apo-MT by liver homogenate was greater than that by cytosol. At pH 5.5, degradation by homogenate was more than that at pH 7.2. These findings suggest that proteases that function at acidic pH are probably involved in MT degradation. Because lysosomes are the principal subcellular organelles that contain acid proteases (cathepsins), we compared the degradation of apo-MT by lysosomes and cytosol. Apo-MT was degraded about 400 times faster by lysosomal fraction than by cytosolic fraction. To determine the relative importance of different cathepsins, we used different inhibitors. Leupeptin, which inhibits cathepsins B and L, inhibited the degradation of apo-MT by 80%, implying that cathepsins B and/or L might be very important in the intracellular turnover of MT. Cathepsin D appeared to be the least significant, because apo-MT degradation was reduced by about 20% by inhibiting cathepsin D. When we extended this study with purified cathepsins, we obtained the same answer, i.e., the ability of different cathepsins to degrade apo-MT was in the following order: cathepsin B >> cathepsin C > cathepsin D. While apo-MT was susceptible to degradation, ZnMT and CdMT were highly resistant to degradation. Coincubation of ZnMT or CdMT with either lysosomal extract or purified cathepsins did not result in any appreciable degradation even after 16 hr. However, longer incubations did result in some degradation, especially by purified cathepsin B. Interestingly, CdMT degraded little faster than ZnMT by both lysosomal extract as well as purified cathepsin B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 3. Figure 4. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Klaassen, C D AU - Choudhuri, S AU - McKim, J M AU - Lehman-McKeeman, L D AU - Kershaw, W C AD - Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 141 EP - 146 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Degradation KW - metallothioneins KW - Zinc KW - Liver KW - pH KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Pollutants+in+Relation+to+Complications+of+Pregnancy&rft.au=Tabacova%2C+Sonia%3BBalabaeva%2C+Liudmila&rft.aulast=Tabacova&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Degradation; metallothioneins; Zinc; Liver; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA damage induced in cultured human alveolar (L-132) cells by exposure to dimethylarsinic acid. AN - 21251009; 11703538 AB - Gene damage in cultured human alveolar (L-132) cells induced by exposure to dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), a major metabolite of inorganic arsenics in mammals, was studied. DNA single-strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links were induced by the treatment of L-132 cells with 10 mM DMAA. These kinds of damage appeared at 8 hr after start of exposure to DMAA. As regards DNA-protein cross-links, the DNA was found to bind not only to core histone proteins but also linker histone (H1) and nonhistone proteins. Furthermore, the cross-links were formed by the binding to serine or threonine residues of H1 or nonhistone proteins through phosphate moieties of the DNA. The induction of the alkali-labile sites in DNA in DMAA-treated L-132 cells was observed prior to that of DNA single-strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links. As one of the alkali-labile sites in DNA, we estimated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA. The present study suggests that the DNA single-strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links induced by the treatment of L-132 cells with DMAA occurred via the formation of AP sites in the DNA and that the DNA-protein cross-links were produced by a Schiff-base reaction between amino groups of nuclear proteins and aldehyde groups of AP sites in the DNA and the DNA single-strand breaks, by a beta-elimination reaction on AP sites in the DNA. Images Figure 3. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kato, K AU - Hayashi, H AU - Hasegawa, A AU - Yamanaka, K AU - Okada, S AD - Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Nihon University College of Pharmacy, Chiba, Japan. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 285 EP - 288 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - mammals KW - Amino groups KW - Arsenic KW - Residues KW - Nonhistone proteins KW - Metabolites KW - Alveoli KW - DNA damage KW - Phosphates KW - Phosphate KW - DNA KW - Proteins KW - Aldehydes KW - Threonine KW - Histone H1 KW - dimethylarsinic acid KW - Serine KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=DNA+damage+induced+in+cultured+human+alveolar+%28L-132%29+cells+by+exposure+to+dimethylarsinic+acid.&rft.au=Kato%2C+K%3BHayashi%2C+H%3BHasegawa%2C+A%3BYamanaka%2C+K%3BOkada%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kato&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA damage; Arsenic; Amino groups; Phosphate; Nonhistone proteins; Metabolites; Aldehydes; Threonine; Serine; Alveoli; dimethylarsinic acid; Histone H1; mammals; Phosphates; Residues; DNA; Proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms of transformation of C3H/10T1/2 C1 8 mouse embryo cells and diploid human fibroblasts by carcinogenic metal compounds. AN - 21250997; 11703532 AB - Carcinogenic arsenic, nickel, and chromium compounds induced morphological and neoplastic transformation but no mutation to ouabain resistance in 10T1/2 mouse embryo cells; lead chromate also did not induce mutation to ouabain or 6-thioguanine resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The mechanism of metal-induced morphological transformation was likely not due to the specific base substitution mutations measured in ouabain resistance mutation assays, and for lead chromate, likely not due to this type of base substitution mutation or to frameshift mutations. Preliminary data indicate increases in steady-state levels of c-myc RNA in arsenic-, nickel-, and chromium-transformed cell lines. We also showed that carcinogenic nickel, chromium, and arsenic compounds and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced stable anchorage independence (Al) in diploid human fibroblasts (DHF) but no focus formation or immortality. Nickel subsulfide and lead chromate induced Al but not mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance. The mechanism of induction of Al by metal salts in DHF was likely not by the type of base substitution or frameshift mutations measured in these assays. MNNG induced Al, mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance, and mutation to ouabain resistance, and might induce Al by base substitution or frameshift mutations. Dexamethasone, aspirin, and salicylic acid inhibited nickel subsulfide, MNNG, and 12-O-tetrade-canoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced Al in DHF, suggesting that arachidonic acid metabolism and oxygen radical generation play a role in induction of Al. We propose that nickel compounds stimulate arachidonic acid metabolism, consequent oxygen radical generation, and oxygen radical attack upon DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Landolph, J R AD - Department of Microbiology, Kenneth Norris, Jr., Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 119 EP - 125 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Oxygen KW - Metals KW - aspirin KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Nickel KW - Embryos KW - Mutation KW - Lead KW - Metabolism KW - USA, Alaska, Anchorage KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21250997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+of+transformation+of+C3H%2F10T1%2F2+C1+8+mouse+embryo+cells+and+diploid+human+fibroblasts+by+carcinogenic+metal+compounds.&rft.au=Landolph%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Landolph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aspirin; Metals; Oxygen; Carcinogenicity; Nickel; Embryos; Mutation; Metabolism; Lead; USA, Alaska, Anchorage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of landfill leachate by crossflow microfiltration of ozonation AN - 16571420; 3638532 AB - Laboratory scale experiments were conducted for the treatment of landfill leachate using crossflow microfiltration (CFMF) with periodic backflush as a declogging technique. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) was used as for pretreatment, and ozonation was used as posttreatment for CFMF. Single channel tubular ceramic membranes of 0.2 and 1.2 mu m pore size were used in this study. The results showed that permeate flux increases with an increased dose of PAC added to the leachate. When membranes of different pore sizes were compared, the 0.2- mu m membrane performed better than the 1.2- mu m membrane, giving a higher flux as well as higher removal of color and COD. The optimum PAC dose for CFMF was found to be 30 g/L whereas the optimum value for the batch test was found to be 60 g/L. JF - Separation Science and Technology AU - Visvanathan, C AU - Muttamara, S AU - Babel, S AU - Aim, R B AD - Environ. Eng. Div., Asian Inst. Technol., GPO Box 2754, Bangkok, Thailand Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 315 EP - 332 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0149-6395, 0149-6395 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - activated carbon KW - membranes KW - wastewater treatment KW - leachates KW - landfills KW - waste management KW - filtration KW - ozonation KW - waste disposal KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16571420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Impact+of+the+Environment+on+Reproduction+from+Conception+to+Parturition&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Frank+M&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - landfills; leachates; wastewater treatment; filtration; ozonation; membranes; activated carbon; waste management; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCBs as Environmental Estrogens: Turtle Sex Determination as a Biomarker of Environmental Contamination AN - 14348238; 10489908 AB - PCBs may be capable of interfering in reproduction by acting as estrogenic compounds. Turtle sex is determined by the temperature at which the eggs are incubated. Colder temperatures result in production of males and warmer temperatures result in females. Intermediate temperatures produce various male/female ratios. Turtle eggs were exposed to 11 PCBs, and estradiol 17- beta as positive control. At temperatures that would normally produce males, two congeners produced more than the expected number of females. In further testing, a combination of the two congeners demonstrated synergistic increase in feminizing effects. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bergeron, Judith M AU - Crews, David AU - McLachlan, John A Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 780 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SEX COMPARISONS KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - HORMONES KW - SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS KW - TURTLES KW - REPRODUCTION, ANIMAL KW - TEMPERATURE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14348238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=PCBs+as+Environmental+Estrogens%3A+Turtle+Sex+Determination+as+a+Biomarker+of+Environmental+Contamination&rft.au=Bergeron%2C+Judith+M%3BCrews%2C+David%3BMcLachlan%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Bergeron&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=780&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SEX COMPARISONS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; TURTLES; REPRODUCTION, ANIMAL; SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS; HORMONES; TEMPERATURE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Downstream in America AN - 14347536; 10489902 AB - Both the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act must be reauthorized during 1994, and industry opposes any major restructuring, citing the effectiveness of the present laws. While declines in water pollution are generally accepted as true, the condition of the nation's surface waters is difficult to ascertain, because of variations in each state's reporting methods, and because such a low number of the waterways have been assessed. One nationwide study showed conducted by FWS showed that the concentration of cadmium, lead, and arsenic in fish declined in fish from 1976 to 1986, but the level of mercury remained unchanged. Herbicide content of streams was the subject of the only other national study to date. Nonpoint source pollution now accounts for the majority of water pollution. Human health studies often concentrate on consumption of fish, and most studies have been conducted in the Great Lakes area. Since 1972, the US has spent $590 billion on control of water pollution, and industry is opposed to implementation of the polluter pays principle. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fisher, Brandy E Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 740 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MONITORING, WATER KW - CLEAN WATER ACT KW - GREAT LAKES KW - NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION KW - SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT 74 KW - WATER QUALITY PROGRAMS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14347536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Downstream+in+America&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Brandy+E&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Brandy&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=740&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MONITORING, WATER; NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT 74; CLEAN WATER ACT; GREAT LAKES; WATER QUALITY PROGRAMS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Activity of Human Carcinogens and NTP Rodent Carcinogens in the Mouse Bone Marrow Micronucleus Assay: An Integrative Approach to Genetic Toxicity Data Assessment AN - 14347243; 10489905 AB - Human carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of chemicals are often investigated using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus (MN) assay. However, a recent study showed that 80% of the chemicals identified as carcinogenic to rodents by the US National Toxicology Program were negative in the MN assay, and that the rate of false positives among noncarcinogenic agents as identified by NTP was as high as 20%. A review of literature data for the 9 NTP positive compounds, 26 human carcinogens, and 6 compounds known to be genotoxic in rodents was conducted to determine the minimum dose required to obtain a positive reaction, and the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte maximum fold increase. Vitamin C and fotemustine were used as MN positive compounds that are noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic, respectively. The data for each were synthesized and examined to demonstrate a method for assessing cancer risk to humans from these compounds. The results showed that stress may cause some MN weak responses when high doses of the chemicals are administered. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tinwell, Helen AU - Ashby, John Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 758 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - BIOASSAY KW - LITERATURE SURVEYS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14347243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Comparative+Activity+of+Human+Carcinogens+and+NTP+Rodent+Carcinogens+in+the+Mouse+Bone+Marrow+Micronucleus+Assay%3A+An+Integrative+Approach+to+Genetic+Toxicity+Data+Assessment&rft.au=Tinwell%2C+Helen%3BAshby%2C+John&rft.aulast=Tinwell&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=758&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; BIOASSAY; LITERATURE SURVEYS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Biomarker Approach to Assessing Xenobiotic Exposure in Atlantic Tomcod from the North American Atlantic Coast AN - 14346866; 10489906 AB - Samples of tomcod were collected from five rivers along Atlantic coast of North American and examined for abnormalities in cytochrome P4501A mRNA and DNA adducts from the liver, and for biliary fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) to determine if any of these parameters could serve as a bioindicator of PAH exposure. Fish from the most polluted river, the Hudson, showed the greatest change in all parameters. Tomcod from the most pristine of the rivers, the Margaree and Saco/Royal Rivers, did not show any alteration in any of the biomarkers. Fish from the St. Lawrence and Miramachi Rivers demonstrated elevation of two and one of the biomarkers, respectively. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wirgin, Isaac I AU - Grunwald, Cheryl AU - Courtenay, Simon AU - Kreamer, Guat-Lian AU - Reichert, William L AU - Stein, John E Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 764 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, FISH KW - UNITED STATES NORTHEAST KW - POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON KW - RIVERS KW - FISH, FRESHWATER KW - HUDSON RIVER KW - ST LAWRENCE RIVER KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14346866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+Biomarker+Approach+to+Assessing+Xenobiotic+Exposure+in+Atlantic+Tomcod+from+the+North+American+Atlantic+Coast&rft.au=Wirgin%2C+Isaac+I%3BGrunwald%2C+Cheryl%3BCourtenay%2C+Simon%3BKreamer%2C+Guat-Lian%3BReichert%2C+William+L%3BStein%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Wirgin&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=764&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, FISH; UNITED STATES NORTHEAST; RIVERS; FISH, FRESHWATER; HUDSON RIVER; ST LAWRENCE RIVER; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High Levels of Mercury Contamination in Multiple Media of the Carson River Drainage Basin of Nevada: Implications for Risk Assessment AN - 14345320; 10489907 AB - The Carson River basin of Nevada became contaminated with mercury during the 1800s because of gold and silver mining operations. The site is unusual because of the naturally occurring mercury. A survey of mercury contamination of various media at several sites within the basin was conducted. Maximum concentrations in mine tailings, reservoir water, and atmospheric vapor were 1610 mu g/g, 591 ng/l, and 294 ng/m super(3), respectively. Concentrations were up to five orders of magnitude above background levels. Spatial and temporal variations were found. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gustin, Mae Sexauer AU - Taylor, George E AU - Leonard, Todd L Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 772 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - NEVADA KW - MONITORING, WATER KW - RIVER BASINS KW - MINE TAILINGS KW - SPATIAL COMPARISONS KW - MONITORING, AIR KW - MERCURY KW - TEMPORAL COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14345320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=High+Levels+of+Mercury+Contamination+in+Multiple+Media+of+the+Carson+River+Drainage+Basin+of+Nevada%3A+Implications+for+Risk+Assessment&rft.au=Gustin%2C+Mae+Sexauer%3BTaylor%2C+George+E%3BLeonard%2C+Todd+L&rft.aulast=Gustin&rft.aufirst=Mae&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=772&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MONITORING, AIR; NEVADA; MONITORING, WATER; RIVER BASINS; SPATIAL COMPARISONS; MINE TAILINGS; MERCURY; TEMPORAL COMPARISONS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rock n' Roll Refrigerator AN - 14345167; 10489904 AB - Research into cooling for air conditioning and refrigeration by thermoacoustics is briefly described. The method uses soundwaves generated in xenon or helium filled chambers. The sound waves compress and heat the gas molecules. After heat is transferred to rolls of plastic film, the molecules cool and expand. The technology has already been used on the space shuttle. Other potential uses include refrigeration units for remote areas of the world, and on commercial fishing vessels. However, the present technology requires twice as much electricity as conventional refrigerators, and efficiency is questionable. However, improved technology could provide attractive alternatives to the refrigeration industry that has become dependent on CFCs. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pinholster, Ginger Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 754 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS KW - REFRIGERATION KW - ACOUSTICS KW - COMPRESSION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14345167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Rock+%26lt%3B%27%26gt%3Bn%27+Roll+Refrigerator&rft.au=Pinholster%2C+Ginger&rft.aulast=Pinholster&rft.aufirst=Ginger&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=754&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; REFRIGERATION; ACOUSTICS; COMPRESSION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Is the Role of Environmental Health Science in Cancer Prevention? AN - 14344145; 10489901 AB - Cancer is not a recent disease resulting from industrialization, but the discovery of occupational and environmental exposure to various chemicals as a cause of specific types of cancers is a recent discovery. Geographic location, personal and cultural habits, certain diseases, and genetic makeup are also implicated as causes for certain types of cancers. The possibility of exposure to multiple carcinogenic factor is great. Results of studies on animal models, while valuable, cannot be extrapolated to humans. However, we must rely on the knowledge we have to try devise sensible ways to minimize carcinogen exposure. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sugimura, Takashi Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 728 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14344145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=What+Is+the+Role+of+Environmental+Health+Science+in+Cancer+Prevention%3F&rft.au=Sugimura%2C+Takashi&rft.aulast=Sugimura&rft.aufirst=Takashi&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=728&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MCS: A Sensitive Issue AN - 14340780; 10489903 AB - The existence of multiple chemical sensitivity as a physical rather than a psychiatric ailment, or a combination of physical and psychiatric ailments is under investigation. The disease is recognized in the Americans with Disabilities Act, but not by the center for Disease Control, although the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry is attempting to form an international group to study the issue. Brief summaries of several studies on both sides of the issue are presented. Veterans of the Gulf War have complained of symptoms that may be attributable to MCS. A study sanctioned by the army and veterans groups is underway to determine if the illness is real. Patients will be detoxified for several days in a clean room, followed by challenges with such low doses of chemicals that they will not be detectable to the patients. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Twombly, Renee Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 746 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION, MULTIPLE KW - PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS KW - SENSITIVITY KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14340780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=MCS%3A+A+Sensitive+Issue&rft.au=Twombly%2C+Renee&rft.aulast=Twombly&rft.aufirst=Renee&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=746&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION, MULTIPLE; PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS; SENSITIVITY; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN ER - TY - GEN T1 - Albert Einstein Distinguished Educators Fellowship Act of 1994. Report To Accompany S. 2104. 103D Congress, 2d Session, Senate. AN - 62745759; ED382605 AB - This document contains the text of the "Albert Einstein Distinguished Educators Fellowship Act of 1994" (S. 2104) along with related analysis. The bill establishes a Department of Energy (DOE) fellowship program for math and science teachers that provides them opportunities to work at DOE labs in order to enhance coordination and communication among the educational community, the Congress, and the Executive Agencies responsible for developing and administering federal education programs. Following the text of the bill is a discussion of background and need and a description of DOE mathematics and science programs. A report on the bill's legislative history is included along with committee recommendations and a tabulation of committee votes. A Committee amendment expands the program to authorize fellowships in other parts of the Federal government, directs the Secretary of Energy to administer the program, broadens the qualification criteria for recipients, and authorizes a partnership with the Waste Management Education & Research Consortium. The document includes a section-by-section analysis, a statement of cost and budgetary considerations, regulatory impact evaluation, recounting of relevant executive communications, and a letter from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (JB) Y1 - 1994/08/18/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Aug 18 SP - 12 KW - Department of Energy KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Science Teachers KW - Educational Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Policy Formation KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Mathematics Teachers KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Faculty Fellowships KW - Elementary School Teachers KW - Secondary School Teachers KW - Faculty Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62745759?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For a related document, see SP 035 967. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Options for Restructuring the Federal Employment and Training System. Hearing before the Employment, Housing, and Aviation Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session. AN - 62638296; ED385713 AB - These Congressional hearings contain testimony regarding options for restructuring the federal employment and training system. Representatives of the following agencies and organizations provided testimony at the hearings: National Commission on Employment Policy; Health, Education and Human Services Division, Education and Employment Issues, U.S. General Accounting Office; Employment, Housing, and Aviation Subcommittee; Minnesota Teamster Service Bureau; and New York State Job Training Partnership Council. Among the topics discussed during the hearings were the following: duplication of services by existing programs; benefits and drawbacks of consolidating existing federal programs; the availability and adequacy of information about the outcomes and effectiveness of individual programs; efforts directed toward comprehensive planning and programming from 1960-1994; ways in which selected legislative proposals address concerns regarding multiple federal employment training programs; the state of New York's GATEWAY initiative and Workforce Preparation Evaluation Act; and efforts of the Minnesota Teamsters Service Bureau to assist dislocated workers, improve workplace literacy, and prepare tomorrow's workers. (MN) Y1 - 1994/08/04/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Aug 04 SP - 136 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160464722 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Job Training Partnership Act 1982 KW - Minnesota KW - New York KW - Program Duplication KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - State Legislation KW - Workplace Literacy KW - Educational Needs KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Job Skills KW - Federal Programs KW - Educational Change KW - Hearings KW - Dislocated Workers KW - Cost Effectiveness KW - Program Evaluation KW - Employment Programs KW - Information Needs KW - Labor Force Development KW - Education Work Relationship KW - State Programs KW - Financial Support KW - Unions KW - Educational Legislation KW - Program Costs KW - Job Training KW - Federal Legislation KW - Policy Formation KW - Educational Policy KW - Change Strategies KW - Vocational Education KW - Literacy Education KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62638296?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contains small type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Joint Hearing on H.R. 4086, the Youth Development Block Grant Act. Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights and the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives. One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62633586; ED389801 AB - A hearing was held on H.R. 4086, the Youth Development Block Grant of 1993, a bipartisan bill introduced by Representatives Constance A. Morella (Maryland) and Donald M. Payne (New Jersey). The purpose of the initiative was to expand community-based youth development programs for youth aged 6 to 19 years. The bill was supported by the National Collaboration of Youth, a coalition of 15 major youth serving organizations, collectively serving over 25 million young people. The bill would fund programs that help youth reach their fullest potential through youth clubs, sports and recreation, mentoring programs, leadership development, substance abuse and delinquency prevention, and community service programs. Fund allocation would be based on a state's total school-age population, the percentage of that population living in poverty, and the increase of juvenile crime in the state. Although the opening statement by Representative Cass Ballenger (North Carolina) expressed doubts that the bill was necessary, statements by the bill's sponsors advocated its passage. A number of representatives of youth programs spoke about the necessity for such programs and the need for further funding. Their remarks are followed by their prepared statements and supporting documentation, including some descriptions of successful programs. (SLD) Y1 - 1994/08/04/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Aug 04 SP - 158 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160466393 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Low Income Groups KW - Athletics KW - Community Programs KW - Delinquency KW - Resource Allocation KW - Youth Programs KW - Mentors KW - Block Grants KW - Federal Legislation KW - Recreational Activities KW - Program Development KW - Hearings KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - Urban Youth UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62633586?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-119. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Condition of Education, 1994. AN - 62824386; ED371491 AB - The current status of education for 1994 is presented in the form of education "indicators"--key data that measure the health of education, monitor important developments, and show trends in major aspects of education. The 60 indicators have been divided into 6 areas: (1) access, participation, and progress; (2) achievement, attainment, and curriculum; (3) economic and other outcomes of education; (4) size, growth, and output of educational institutions; (5) climate, classrooms, and diversity in educational institutions; and (6) human and financial resources of educational institutions. The report includes the text, tables, and charts for each indicator plus the technical supporting data, supplemental information, and data sources. Information on issues in elementary and secondary education are integrated with those on issues in postsecondary education to reflect the continuity of educational experiences. An overview synthesizes evidence from both the 60 indicators and other sources on selected issues: (1) a review of the educational status of high-school students 10 years after the publication of "A Nation at Risk"; (2) a discussion of teachers as an educational resource; (3) progress in the achievement and attainment of black students relative to whites; and (4) a description of the subbaccalaureate sector of postsecondary education. Appendices contain 156 supplemental tables and notes, a list of data sources, a glossary, an index, and a list of National Center for Education publications. (LMI) AU - Smith, Thomas M. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 475 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160451302 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - School Demography KW - Access to Education KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Educational Attainment KW - School Statistics KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Ethnic Distribution KW - Enrollment KW - Educational Resources KW - Government Publications KW - Educational Assessment KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62824386?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1993 report, see ED 357 513. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The National Assessment of College Student Learning: Identification of the Skills To Be Taught, Learned, and Assessed. A Report on the Proceedings of the Study Design Workshop (2nd, Arlington, Virginia, November 17-18, 1992). Research and Development Report. AN - 62824175; ED372717 AB - This report presents the primary papers given at a 1992 workshop to identify specific higher order thinking and communication skills and to develop appropriate indicators of collegiate outcomes as suggested by Goal 5.5 of the National Education Goals formulated in 1990. This goal addressed improvement in college graduates' ability to "think critically, communicate effectively, and solve problems." Part 1 presents the five papers upon which the working groups built their discussions. These papers are: (1) "Skills for Citizenship" (Suzanne W. Morse); (2) "A National Assessment of Critical Thinking Skills in Adults: Taking Steps Toward the Goal" (Diane F. Halpern); (3) "Assessing Thinking: A Framework for Measuring Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills at the College Level" (David Perkins et al.); (4) "Assessing Speaking and Listening: Preliminary Considerations for a National Assessment" (John A. Daly); and (5) "No Guru, No Method, No Teacher: The Communication Domain and the NACSL (National Assessment of College Student Learning)" by Stephen P. Witte. Part 2 includes group summary reports, reviewers' comments, a listing of speaking and listening skills, and additional information on an ongoing Delphi study at Pennsylvania State University. Part 3 presents comments by participants on the conference products and results of a survey of all participants. Consensus on "next steps" included recommending further development of the taxonomy of skills, abilities, and competencies. (The five papers contain references.) (DB) AU - Greenwood, Addison Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 321 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160451469 KW - Indicators KW - National Education Goals 1990 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Thinking Skills KW - Citizenship KW - Educational Objectives KW - Writing Skills KW - Reading Skills KW - Critical Thinking KW - Higher Education KW - Problem Solving KW - Communication Skills KW - Speech Skills KW - Delphi Technique KW - Standards KW - College Outcomes Assessment KW - Educational Assessment KW - Listening Skills UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62824175?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related reports, see HE 027 673, ED 363 177, E N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - A Preliminary Study of the Feasibility and Utility for National Policy of Instructional "Good Practice" Indicators in Undergraduate Education. Contractor Report. AN - 62820934; ED372718 AB - This paper on the feasibility of using teaching practices as indicators of student learning was developed as part of an ongoing project to develop a process for the assessment of college student learning in the context of National Education Goal 5, Objective 5, which aims to increase the proportion of college graduates with "advanced ability to think critically, communicate effectively, and solve problems." The paper reviews the empirical research literature in three areas: (1) effects of institutional requirements including the relationship between outcomes and specific curricular requirements or coursetaking patterns, particular instructional designs, and expected levels of student performance; (2) effects of instructional practices such as class size and structure, specific classroom activities and behaviors, and influences of the institutional environment; and (3) effects of student behavior including relationships between outcomes and student time-on-task, quality of effort, and overall involvement. Available mechanisms for gathering information about educational practices and student experiences were also examined. Conclusions suggest that indicators based on student behaviors and "active learning" instructional processes gathered through student and faculty questionnaires would be most promising for development as potential national indicators, supplemented by transcript studies and assessments of typical college examinations and assignments. Contains 190 references. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 68 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-437 KW - Indicators KW - National Education Goals 1990 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Instructional Effectiveness KW - Undergraduate Study KW - Educational Objectives KW - College Environment KW - Higher Education KW - Student Development KW - Required Courses KW - Educational Practices KW - Curriculum KW - College Outcomes Assessment KW - Student Educational Objectives KW - Educational Assessment KW - Student Behavior KW - Student Motivation KW - Class Size KW - Time on Task KW - Teaching Methods KW - Educational Quality KW - Academic Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62820934?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related documents, see HE 027 672, ED 363 177, N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Current Funds Revenues and Expenditures of Institutions of Higher Education: Fiscal Years 1984 through 1992. E.D. TABS. AN - 62745962; ED374726 AB - This report presents 22 tables of revenue and expenditure data on the nation's accredited institutions of higher education over the 9-year period from fiscal year 1984 through fiscal year 1992. Data are from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Finance" surveys from fiscal year 1987 (FY 87) through fiscal year 1992 (FY 92) and the Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) from fiscal year 1984 (FY 84) through fiscal year 1986 (FY 86). These surveys collected information on revenues and expenditures, expenditures on scholarships and fellowships, and other financial data. Tables cover: sources of revenues and purposes for expenditures for all institutions, public institutions, and private institutions for fiscal years 1984-1992; revenues and expenditures of 4-year institutions and 2-year institutions for fiscal year 1992; revenues and expenditures of all institutions, 4-year, and 2-year institutions by selected categories and state; comparison of fiscal year 1991 and 1992 revenue and expenditures of all institutions, public institutions, and private institutions by state; revenues and expenditures of private nonprofit institutions for fiscal year 1992; revenues and expenditures by control of institution and source or purpose for fiscal years 1984 through 1992; and consumer price index (CPI) factors for fiscal years 1984 through 1992. Includes a glossary and an appended section detailing survey methodology. (JB) AU - Barbett, Samuel AU - Korb, Roslyn A. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 46 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160451922 KW - Consumer Price Index KW - Higher Education General Information Survey KW - Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Educational Finance KW - Private Colleges KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Income KW - Expenditures KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Statistical Data KW - Tables (Data) KW - Nonprofit Organizations KW - State Colleges UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62745962?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For FY83-FY91 data, see ED 357 668. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Public Libraries in the United States: 1992. E.D. TABS. AN - 62743459; ED374810 AB - The tables in this report summarize information about public libraries in fiscal year 1992. These data were collected through the fifth Public Libraries Survey. Respondents for this census were the 8,946 public libraries identified in the 50 states and the District of Columbia by state library agencies. Nearly 71 percent of the population of legally served areas in the United States was served by 957 (nearly 11 percent) public libraries; over 81 percent of public libraries had only 1 service outlet; total operating expenditures for public libraries were over $4.5 billion in 1992; and public libraries reported a total of 109,933 paid full-time equivalent staff. This report begins by presenting highlights of the findings. The introduction then describes the terminology used in the document; the universe represented by the data; data collection and use the of technology; and quality review of the data. Also included are caveats for using the data; information on ordering machine readable data and publications; and a source for further information on public library statistics. The data are presented in 17 pairs of tables, which make up the major part of the report. The information includes data on staffing; operating income and expenditures; type of governance; type of administrative structure; size of collection; and service measures such as reference transactions, public service hours, interlibrary loans, circulation, and library visits. The appendixes include background on the Federal State Cooperative System (FSCS), a glossary, and a list of states with overlapping population of legal service areas. (JLB) AU - Chute, Adrienne AU - Kroe, Elaine Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 146 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160451310 KW - National Center for Education Statistics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Library Statistics KW - Library Collections KW - Public Libraries KW - National Surveys KW - Library Services KW - Library Circulation KW - Library Expenditures KW - State Libraries KW - Library Surveys KW - Library Funding KW - Reference Services KW - Branch Libraries KW - Interlibrary Loans KW - Nonprint Media UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62743459?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1991 report, see ED 357 769. For database N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Trends in Artist Occupations: 1970-1990. Report #29. AN - 62555856; ED408202 AB - This report examines the characteristics of the artist population in 1990 and compares them to the 1980 and 1970 census results. Artist occupations selected for study include: actors and directors; announcers; architects; authors; dancers; designers; musicians and composers; painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers; photographers; teachers of art, drama and music in higher education; and artists, performers, and related workers not classified elsewhere. The study examines: (1) "Growth in the Artist Work Force"; (2) "Geographic Trends"; (3) "Demographic Trends"; (4) "Trends Among Women and Minority Artists"; (5) "Age Trends"; (6) "Education Trends"; (7) "Full Time Work Last Year"; (8) "Earnings Trends"; and (9) "Occupation Profiles." Findings indicate that very significant changes have occurred over the target time period. Artists have become more geographically diverse over the two decades. Growth among artist occupations has substantially outdistanced that for the labor force as a whole and for all professional occupations, of which artists account for about one-tenth. Incomes for artists, however, lag significantly behind those for other professionals of equal education and training. The report includes extensive tables and graphs of statistical information. (MM) AU - Ellis, Diane C. AU - Beresford, John C. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 120 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Earning Potential KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Artists KW - Musicians KW - Dance KW - Employment Statistics KW - Educational Trends KW - Higher Education KW - Occupational Surveys KW - Acting KW - Architects KW - Craft Workers KW - Population Trends KW - Photography KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62555856?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1970-1980 edition, see ED 288 758. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - China's economy in 1993 and 1994: the search for a soft landing T2 - EA 94-10016 PB94-928203 AN - 59709950; 1996-0408470 AB - Examines efforts to moderate growth, recentralize some authority, revise the tax system, increase the central bank role, facilitate privatization, revise the regulatory structure in the financial sectors, and otherwise encourage sustainable development. Includes an analysis of economic conditions in different sectors of the economy, including agriculture, industry, finance, and foreign trade and investment. JF - National Technical Information Service; Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540, August 1994. vii+36 pp. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 EP - vii+36 PB - National Technical Information Service; Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540 KW - Central banks KW - China (People's Republic) -- Tax policy KW - China (People's Republic) -- Fiscal policy KW - China (People's Republic) -- Commercial policy KW - China (People's Republic) -- Economic policy KW - Economic stabilization -- China (People's Republic) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59709950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=document&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-06-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160413036&rft.btitle=Congressional+Oversight+Hearing+on+Local+Gang+Diversion+Programs.+Hearing+before+the+Subcommittee+on+Human+Resources+of+the+Committee+on+Education+and+Labor.+House+of+Representatives%2C+103rd+Congress%2C+First+Session+%28El+Monte%2C+California%29.&rft.title=Congressional+Oversight+Hearing+on+Local+Gang+Diversion+Programs.+Hearing+before+the+Subcommittee+on+Human+Resources+of+the+Committee+on+Education+and+Labor.+House+of+Representatives%2C+103rd+Congress%2C+First+Session+%28El+Monte%2C+California%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540; Nat Tech Info Service $19.50 N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endocrine Effects of Prenatal Exposure to PCBs, Dioxins, and Other Xenobiotics: Implications for Policy and Future Research AN - 14350388; 10487522 AB - Published data on the effects of environmental estrogens, dioxin, and PCBs on the endocrine systems of unborn children are cited to show that the unborn may represent a population at special risk from these chemicals. Recent observations suggest that the hormonal effects may be multifactorial. The impacts of these findings on federal policy and future research are discussed briefly. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Birnbaum, Linda S Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 676 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - HORMONES KW - PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - REPRODUCTION, HUMAN KW - DIOXINS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14350388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Endocrine+Effects+of+Prenatal+Exposure+to+PCBs%2C+Dioxins%2C+and+Other+Xenobiotics%3A+Implications+for+Policy+and+Future+Research&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+Linda+S&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 53 |t References N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN; PATHOLOGY, CHILDREN; REPRODUCTION, HUMAN; DIOXINS; HORMONES; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Reproducibility of super(109)Cd-Based X-Ray Fluorescence Measurements of Bone Lead AN - 14347276; 10487524 AB - Bone lead concentrations were determined in phantoms and in human subjects using an improved cadmium-109-based x-ray fluorescence system. For the phantom, 220 measurements were obtained over a 6-month period to assess the reproducibility of the measurements. Results indicated a standard deviation of 1.29 mu g Pb/g plaster of paris. In the human subjects, the mean standard deviation was found to be 3.4 and 5.1 mu g Pb/g bone mineral for males and females, respectively, when measured over a 10-month period. No significant differences were noted between measured Pb concentrations in the left and right tibia, suggesting that either leg can be used for comparison over time. The data indicated that the super(109)Cd-based fluorescence system can be used to obtain accurate assessments of Pb mobilization from bone in longitudinal studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gordon, Chris L AU - Webber, Colin E AU - Chettle, David R Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 690 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING KW - FLUORESCENCE KW - LEAD KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14347276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Reproducibility+of+super%28109%29Cd-Based+X-Ray+Fluorescence+Measurements+of+Bone+Lead&rft.au=Gordon%2C+Chris+L%3BWebber%2C+Colin+E%3BChettle%2C+David+R&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=690&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - MEASUREMENTS AND SENSING; FLUORESCENCE; LEAD; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental Abnormalities of the Gonad and Abnormal Sex Hormone Concentrations in Juvenile Alligators from Contaminated and Control Lakes in Florida AN - 14346710; 10487523 AB - Alligator eggs were collected from nests on two lakes in Florida-Lake Apopka, which is adjacent to an EPA Superfund site; and Lake Woodruff, which was used as a control-and neonatal alligators were studied for developmental abnormalities of the gonads and abnormal sex hormone concentrations over a 6-month period. Female juvenile alligators from Lake Apopka had significantly higher plasma estradiol-17 beta concentrations compared to females from Lake Woodruff. Male juveniles from Lake Woodruff exhibited a mean plasma testosterone concentration that was almost four times higher that in males from Lake Apopka. Both males and females from Lake Woodruff had unstimulated, normal plasma estradiol/testosterone ratios, while those from Lake Apopka had significantly elevated ratios. Upon stimulation with luteinizing hormone, a similar relationship was noted in circulating hormone concentrations and estradiol/testosterone ratios. The poorly organized testes and abnormally small phalli found in male juveniles from Lake Apopka indicated that normal steriodogenesis would not be possible and that normal sexual maturation was unlikely. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Guillete, Louis J AU - Gross, Timothy S AU - Masson, Greg R AU - Matter, John M AU - Percival, HFranklin AU - Woodward, Allan R Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 680 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - FLORIDA KW - HORMONES KW - WATER POLLUTION DAMAGE KW - ALLIGATORS KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, ANIMAL KW - REPRODUCTION, ANIMAL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14346710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Developmental+Abnormalities+of+the+Gonad+and+Abnormal+Sex+Hormone+Concentrations+in+Juvenile+Alligators+from+Contaminated+and+Control+Lakes+in+Florida&rft.au=Guillete%2C+Louis+J%3BGross%2C+Timothy+S%3BMasson%2C+Greg+R%3BMatter%2C+John+M%3BPercival%2C+HFranklin%3BWoodward%2C+Allan+R&rft.aulast=Guillete&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=680&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - WATER POLLUTION DAMAGE; REPRODUCTION, ANIMAL; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, ANIMAL; ALLIGATORS; FLORIDA; HORMONES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inconsistencies and Open Questions Regarding Low-Dose Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation AN - 14346666; 10487521 AB - The Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BIER) V Committee, composed of 17 experts on radiation epidemiology, issued a definitive report in 1990 on the health effects of low-dose radiation. The BIER V report has been cited widely in other studies, despite the acknowledgment of several critical areas of uncertainty and controversy, particularly with regard to estimates of radiogenic risk pertaining to anthropogenic increases in low-dose exposures above natural background levels. These inconsistencies are addressed by looking at the contradictory findings of radiation health effects that have been reported for the same exposed populations when different populations and exposure conditions were compared. Several studies are reviewed that have found positive associations between exposure and risks in dose ranges where traditional notions would have predicted negligible effects. Recommendations are proposed for new research. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Nussbaum, Rudi H AU - Kohnlein, Wolfgang Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 656 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION KW - RADIATION, ATOMIC, DOSES KW - RADIATION, ATOMIC, LOW LEVEL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14346666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Inconsistencies+and+Open+Questions+Regarding+Low-Dose+Health+Effects+of+Ionizing+Radiation&rft.au=Nussbaum%2C+Rudi+H%3BKohnlein%2C+Wolfgang&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Rudi&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION; DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; RADIATION, ATOMIC, DOSES; RADIATION, ATOMIC, LOW LEVEL ER - TY - GEN T1 - Technology Deployment and Interoperability in the National Information Infrastructure. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Environment and Aviation of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62744025; ED381131 AB - This document presents the proceedings of a Congressional hearing on private sector initiatives to develop the National Information Infrastructure (NII) with a focus on understanding the nature of industry investment in the NII and how those investments will contribute to the Administration's goals for NII. Statements are provided by the following witnesses: Clark S. Ryan, Chief Technical Officer, AT&T Bell Laboratories; Ross K. Ireland, Vice President, Network Technology, Pacific Telesis Group; Stewart D. Personick, Assistant Vice President, Bellcore; and Peter P. Bassermann, Chairman, Technology and Operations Council, Cellular Telephone Industry Association and President, Southern New England Telephone Mobility. Discussion includes a hybrid fiber-optic network; the tension between open architecture and investment incentive in the initial development of an advanced NII; and technological challenges of interoperability. The following needs are identified: the reform of current federal policies, including removal of restrictions on private industry; federal support of standards and research and development of technology; maximizing social and economic benefits through an open competitive environment; consistency between industry technology deployment plans and the Administration's vision of NII; and affordable access. (AEF) Y1 - 1994/07/26/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jul 26 SP - 67 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160466717 KW - Congress 103rd KW - National Information Infrastructure KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technological Advancement KW - Social Influences KW - Computer Networks KW - Research and Development KW - Incentives KW - Private Sector KW - Economic Opportunities KW - Government (Administrative Body) KW - Access to Information KW - Information Industry KW - Telephone Communications Industry KW - Hearings KW - Investment KW - Competition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62744025?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reemployment Act and WARN: Helping Workers Make Successful Transitions. Hearing on Authorizing Funds to State and Local Governments To Provide Job Search Assistance, Career Counseling, Skills Assessment, and Job Training Referral for Permanently Laid-Off Workers and Long-Term Unemployed Individuals before the Subcommittee on Labor of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62742467; ED382777 AB - This document contains the oral and written statements of witnesses who testified at a hearing on the Reemployment and Retraining Act of 1994 and the WARN [Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification] Amendments Act. Witnesses included Senator Howard Metzenbaum of Ohio, several union and public employment program officials from several states, and several dislocated workers. Additional material submitted for the report includes questions submitted by Senator Metzenbaum to several state and federal officials, a summary of a publication of the Association of Outplacement Consulting Firms International, and several communications to local officials. The witnesses testified about the need for a one-stop service that would link dislocated workers with unemployment benefits, job retraining programs, income-replacement during retraining, and social services programs. Several examples of local and state programs were described. Witnesses also stressed the need for early warnings about plant and office closings so that agencies and workers can prepare for retraining and career change. (KC) Y1 - 1994/07/26/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jul 26 SP - 58 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160459044 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Proposed Legislation KW - Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Programs KW - Job Layoff KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Retraining KW - Hearings KW - Dislocated Workers KW - Job Training KW - Employment Programs KW - Employment Practices KW - Labor Needs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62742467?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on School Violence. Hearing before the Subcommittee, on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62737853; ED380723 AB - This government report presents in total the hearing on school violence held before the subcommittee on elementary, secondary, and vocational education. Included here are statistics on school violence and a list of some of the programs aimed at stopping violence in the schools. The report also features testimony from congressional representatives, a school corporation superintendent, the president of an educational association, a high-school principal, a student, a school psychologist, a school district security officer, and a development manager of a housing project. Many of these individuals delivered prepared statements and provided supplemental materials, including a report on preventing school violence and effective methods for improving school safety. (RJM) Y1 - 1994/07/20/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jul 20 SP - 128 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Crime Prevention KW - Crime KW - Delinquency KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - School Security KW - Children KW - Violence KW - Prevention KW - Schools KW - Educational Environment KW - Hearings KW - Vocational Education KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62737853?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-93. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Education Data Confidentiality: Two Studies. Issues in Education Data Confidentiality and Access and Compilation of Statutes, Laws, and Regulations Related to the Confidentiality of Education Data. AN - 62824081; ED373117 AB - Two studies were commissioned by the National Forum on Education Statistics to address concerns about the confidentiality and security of education data. The first, "Issues in Education Data Confidentiality and Access," by Ellen Pechman, Eileen O'Brien, Amy Hightower, and Angela Williams covers major court challenges, data collection issues germane to education, and trends anticipated to affect data confidentiality policy. A central theme derived from telephone interviews with 11 state and local managers and users of education data is that while automation of student data systems in schools, districts, and states is still in early stages, national guidelines and standards are needed to build in protection that ensures individual privacy and supports efficient data collection. The second paper, "Compilation of Statutes, Laws, and Regulations Related to the Confidentiality of Education Data," by Sonny S. Bloom, Jacqueline Hlavin, Julia Pelagatti, and David Banisar, contains a survey of 34 states, abstracts, and analysis of federal and state restrictions and stipulations regarding data confidentiality issues. (The first paper contains 13 references.) (SLD) AU - Pechman, Ellen M. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 86 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160450756 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Legislation KW - Civil Liberties KW - Confidentiality KW - School Districts KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Public Policy KW - Telephone Surveys KW - Federal Legislation KW - Freedom of Information KW - Access to Information KW - Statistical Data KW - Information Management KW - Data Collection KW - Court Litigation KW - Educational Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62824081?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Prepared for the Steering Committee and the Techno N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Descriptive Summary of 1989-90 Beginning Postsecondary Students: Two Years Later. Contractor Report. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62821038; ED372691 AB - This report is a descriptive summary of data from the first follow-up of the 1990/92 Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS:90/92), a comprehensive examination of information on enrollment, persistence, and attainment in postsecondary education for students who began postsecondary education in 1989-90 regardless of when they completed high school. The BPS data also include detailed information about financial aid, employment, family formation, and civic and political participation of students. The BPS sample of 6,500 students was drawn from first-time students who participated in the 1990 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS). Among these first findings are: (1) about half of the students originally enrolled in 2- to 3-year institutions, 42 percent enrolled in 4-year institutions and 9 percent enrolled in less-than-2-year institutions; (2) 47 percent of those who aspired to 2 or more years of college (but less than a bachelor's degree) when they first enrolled in postsecondary education, did not re-enroll in 1990-91; (3) during the first year of enrollment, 45 percent received some kind of financial aid; (4) of beginning students who worked while enrolled (87 percent of all students), 76 percent considered their primary role that of student; and (5) as of February 1992, 18 percent of the sample were married and an additional 5 percent had been previously married. Detailed data are presented in 41 tables and 17 figures. Appendixes contain technical notes, methodology, and a glossary. (JB) AU - Fitzgerald, Robert Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 228 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160450837 KW - Beginning Postsecondary Students Long Study KW - National Postsecondary Student Aid Study KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Family Characteristics KW - Nontraditional Students KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Postsecondary Education KW - School Demography KW - College Freshmen KW - Student Characteristics KW - Academic Achievement KW - Higher Education KW - Employment KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Citizen Participation KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Demography KW - Followup Studies KW - Married Students KW - Academic Aspiration KW - Enrollment KW - College Students KW - Academic Persistence KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62821038?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Quality Profile for SASS: Aspects of the Quality of Data in the Schools and Staffing Surveys (SASS). AN - 62820929; ED373116 AB - This profile presents and summarizes available information about the quality of data from the five surveys that comprise the SASS, along with background material on the survey design and procedures for the following: (1) School Survey; (2) School Administrator Survey; (3) Teacher Demand and Shortage Survey; (4) Teacher Survey; and (5) Teacher Followup Survey. After an introduction, the report contains a section for each of the surveys covering frame development and sample selection, data collection and associated errors, and data processing and estimation. Each chapter also includes a section on evaluation of estimates. A final chapter discusses principal sources of error in the SASS surveys. Three exhibits and 37 tables illustrate the discussion and describe survey responses. (SLD) AU - Jabine, Thomas B. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 174 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-340 KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - Teacher Followup Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Research Methodology KW - Error of Measurement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - National Surveys KW - Research Design KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Estimation (Mathematics) KW - Profiles KW - Data Processing KW - Data Collection KW - Sampling KW - Data Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62820929?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Indian Education Amendments. Report from the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, 103d Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62820303; ED372902 AB - This report presents the text, background, and analysis of proposed amendments to the Indian Education Act of 1972. The amendments reauthorize the Indian Education Act, revise existing law to improve administration of Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) education programs, and incorporate school reform legislation enacted in Goals 2000 (the Educate America Act). The Indian Education Act funds 185 BIA-operated or tribally operated schools and dormitories on 63 American Indian reservations; supplemental programs for Indian children in over 1,200 public school districts; and competitive grants to support planning, demonstration projects, fellowships and professional development for Indians, and agency administrative budgets. While reauthorizing formula grants for supplemental programs, the amendments specify minimums for program enrollment and funding; require applicants to provide a comprehensive plan covering objectives, coordination of funds, teacher training, student evaluation, and dissemination of assessment results to parents; and require the school district to assess Indian student needs. The amendments also reauthorize the six Indian Education Technical Assistance Centers, provide educational planning grants to tribal governments, provide for revision of BIA education standards to reflect community goals, authorize new funding for Indian and Alaska Native language instruction, address the enormous backlog of needs for school construction, and change criteria for investment of endowment funds of the tribally controlled community colleges. Includes a Congressional Budget Office cost estimate. (SV) Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 49 KW - Bureau of Indian Affairs KW - Congress 103rd KW - Goals 2000 KW - Indian Education Act 1972 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Supplementary Education KW - Financial Support KW - Tribally Controlled Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Higher Education KW - American Indian Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62820303?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - NAEP 1992 Trends in Academic Progress. Achievement of U.S. Students in Science, 1969 to 1992 - Mathematics, 1973 to 1992 - Reading, 1971 to 1992 - Writing, 1984 to 1992. AN - 62747102; ED378237 AB - Since its inception, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has been conducting assessments of the nation's students attending public and private schools. This report presents NAEP 1992 trend data in science, mathematics, reading, and writing. Proficiency scales provide a basis for comparing student overall achievement in each of the four curriculum areas. Comparisons are provided for samples of students in grades 4, 8, and 11 for writing, and for students aged 9, 13, and 17 in the other curricular areas. About 31,000 students were involved in NAEP's 1992 trend assessments. In general, overall trends in science and mathematics show noteworthy improvements during the past decade since the 1983 publication of "A Nation At Risk," while trends for reading show declines for the same period. Between 1984 and 1992, writing performance of eleventh graders showed little change. Writing has remained relatively stable for grade 4, but there was a significant decline for grade 8 from 1984 to 1990. An upward turn since then deserves further study. Twenty-six figures and 96 tables present survey findings. Twelve tables in a procedural appendix supplement the text. A Data Appendix summarizes data for each area. (SLD) AU - Mullis, Ina V. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 554 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendents of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160451337 KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Writing (Composition) KW - Elementary School Students KW - Reading KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - Secondary School Students KW - National Surveys KW - Mathematics KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Public Schools KW - Educational Assessment KW - Private Schools KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62747102?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Private School Universe Survey, 1991-92. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62742331; ED375163 AB - This report on the private school universe, a data collection system developed by the National Center for Education Statistics, presents data on schools with grades kindergarten through 12 by school size, school level, religious orientation, geographical region, and program emphasis. Numbers of students and teachers are reported in the same categories, and numbers of students are also reported by grade level and religious orientation. The Private School Universe Survey of 1991-92 is the data source for this report. In the fall of 1991, there were 25,998 private elementary and secondary schools in the United States, a number not statistically different than that of 1989 which suggests an end to the recent trend of growth in the number of private schools. Approximately 80% of private schools had some religious orientation, with 34% Catholic and 45% having some other orientation. Just over 60% were elementary schools, 30% were combined schools, and only about 10% were secondary schools. About 4.9 million students were enrolled in these schools, and there were approximately 340,000 full-time-equivalent teachers. Fourteen tables present survey data. Appendix A contains 15 standard error tables, Appendix B presents the survey questionnaire, and Appendix C contains item response rates. (SLD) AU - Broughman, Stephen Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 77 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-350 KW - Private School Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Item Response Theory KW - Statistical Studies KW - Surveys KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Trends KW - National Surveys KW - Religious Education KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Enrollment KW - Data Collection KW - Private Schools KW - Trend Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62742331?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1989-90 survey, see ED 355 247. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - A Statistical Agenda for Early Childhood Care and Education: Addendum to "A Guide to Improving the National Education Data System" Adopted by the National Forum on Education Statistics, January 1994. AN - 62740072; ED375164 AB - As a product of the Early Childhood Subcommittee of the National Education Statistics Agenda Committee of the National Forum on Education Statistics, this report evaluates the types of data needed to assess the status of children in their preschool years, evaluate the impact of their early experiences, and address policy questions related to early childhood care, education, and school readiness. It is published as an addendum to "A Guide to Improving the National Education Data System." Issues that must be considered in studies of child development include learning and developmental stages, well-being, child care, education, and the concept of readiness. Associated data collection issues are those of definition and measurement, data needs, and possible indicators for an early childhood database. Recommendations include: (1) giving high priority to developing basic indicators; (2) developing and implementing methods to assess developmental progress; (3) developing and implementing a survey of early childhood care and education programs; (4) linking developmental assessment and the survey data; and (5) undertaking longitudinal studies to assess factors affecting child well-being. An appendix lists specific examples of possible indicators for an early childhood database. (SLD) Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 25 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-634 KW - Indicators KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Young Children KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Child Welfare KW - Measurement Techniques KW - Agenda Setting KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Databases KW - Educational Experience KW - Child Rearing KW - Day Care KW - Child Development KW - Definitions KW - Data Collection KW - Educational Assessment KW - School Readiness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62740072?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Better Nutrition and Health for Children Act of 1994. Senate Report (To Accompany S. 1614), 103D Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62735332; ED381240 AB - This report examines the background, purpose, cost, and regulatory impact of Senate Bill 1614, the proposed Better Nutrition and Health for Children Act of 1994. The purpose of the act is to reauthorize and make improvements in various federal nutrition programs, such as the National School Lunch Act and the Child Nutrition Act. The report outlines past federal support for child and family nutrition and the current need for reauthorization changes in such programs. It summarizes four hearings held by the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry on the proposed legislation and contains a section-by-section analysis of the Act. Congressional Budget Office cost estimates for the Act through 1999 are included. The bulk of the report specifies the changes that the Act will bring about in existing law. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 168 KW - Child Nutrition Act 1966 KW - Congress 103rd KW - National School Lunch Act 1946 KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - Women Infants Children Supplemental Food Program KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Budgeting KW - Federal Legislation KW - Objectives KW - Federal Programs KW - Lunch Programs KW - Cost Effectiveness KW - Child Health KW - Federal Regulation KW - Policy Analysis KW - Nutrition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62735332?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Homicide-Suicides between Adult Sexual Intimates: An Australian Study AN - 61349880; 9504016 AB - Past studies on homicide & homicide-suicides show that a disporportionate number of those that kill & subsequently take their own lives are the husbands or estranged sexual intimates of their victims. Here, retrospective data on the historical, demographic, & situational traits of this type of homicide-suicide in Australia are used to distinguish homicides of adult sexual intimates that include the suicide of the offender from those that do not. Analysis reveals little significant variation in histories of domestic violence, alcohol involvement, & unemployment between the two groups. Anecdotal case study material suggests that causation or explanatory variables cluster either around a theme of old age & ill health or control & pathological-type of possessiveness. 5 Tables, 2 Figures, 11 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior AU - Easteal, Patricia AD - Australian Instit Criminology, GPO Box 2944 Canberra ACT Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 140 EP - 151 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0363-0234, 0363-0234 KW - homicide-suicides, adult sexual intimates KW - retrospective data KW - Australia KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Homicide KW - Intimacy KW - Suicide KW - article KW - 2147: social problems and social welfare; sociology of crime KW - 1978: the family and socialization; sociology of death & dying UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61349880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suicide+and+Life-Threatening+Behavior&rft.atitle=Homicide-Suicides+between+Adult+Sexual+Intimates%3A+An+Australian+Study&rft.au=Easteal%2C+Patricia&rft.aulast=Easteal&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Suicide+and+Life-Threatening+Behavior&rft.issn=03630234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SLBEDP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Homicide; Suicide; Intimacy; Sexual Behavior; Australia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - China's economic dilemmas in the 1990s: the problems of reforms, modernization, and interdependence AN - 38660440; 1379303 JF - Australian journal of Chinese affairs AU - Brosseau, Maurice AU - Brosseau, Maurice Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - Jul 1994 SP - 195 EP - 197 VL - 32 SN - 0156-7365, 0156-7365 KW - Economics KW - Political Science KW - Foreign policy KW - International relations KW - Political conditions KW - China KW - Economic reform UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38660440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+journal+of+Chinese+affairs&rft.atitle=China%27s+economic+dilemmas+in+the+1990s%3A+the+problems+of+reforms%2C+modernization%2C+and+interdependence&rft.au=Brosseau%2C+Maurice&rft.aulast=Brosseau&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+journal+of+Chinese+affairs&rft.issn=01567365&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 9664; 3989 10691; 6784; 5200 5574 10472; 93 116 30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Refrigeration: the solar photovoltaic option AN - 21125036; 11085131 JF - Energy for Sustainable Development AU - Rajapakse, RMAD AD - Energy Technology Program, Asian Institute of Technology, GPO Box 2754, Bangkok 10501, Thailand Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - Jul 1994 SP - 48 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 0973-0826, 0973-0826 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - solar cells KW - Sustainable development KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - EE 70:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21125036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Rasinski%2C+Kenneth+A.&rft.aulast=Rasinski&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160417996&rft.btitle=America%27s+High+School+Sophomores%3A+A+Ten+Year+Comparison%2C+1980-1990.&rft.title=America%27s+High+School+Sophomores%3A+A+Ten+Year+Comparison%2C+1980-1990.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sustainable development; solar cells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60034-4 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Albert Einstein Distinguished Educator Fellowship Act of 1994. Hearing on S. 2104 To Establish within the National Laboratories of the Department of Energy a National Albert Einstein Distinguished Educator Fellowship Program, before the Subcommittee on Energy Research and Development of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62702534; ED382604 AB - These hearings addressed proposed Bill S. 2104 to create a Department of Energy (DOE) fellowship program for math and science teachers that would provide them opportunities to work at DOE labs in order to enhance coordination and communication among the educational community, the Congress, and the Executive Agencies responsible for developing and administering federal education programs. Following opening statements by Senators Wendell H. Ford and Mark O. Hatfield, Terry Cornwell Rumsey of the Department of Education testified on the Department's philosophy and strategies to address national education goals and in particular how S. 2104 would fit in with these and with existing programs. James A. Tegnelia of Sandia National Laboratories testified that S. 2104 would be helpful, would result in tangible improvement in DOE educational outreach programs, and should encourage participation of rural and minority school teachers. John M. Fowler of the Coalition for Science and Technology Education testified on the beginnings of the program that led to S. 2104. (It brought teachers on fellowships to work in Congressional offices and to contribute their insights into educational legislation and policymaking.) Senator Pete V. Domenici offered remarks on the importance of the proposed program. A brief discussion followed concerning similar programs at DOE, the best length for fellowships, program costs, and requirements for participants. The document contains a list and descriptions of DOE minority education programs and appendixes with response to additional questions, and additional material submitted for the record. (JB) Y1 - 1994/06/28/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jun 28 SP - 53 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160448026 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Department of Energy KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Educational Legislation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Faculty Fellowships KW - Elementary School Teachers KW - Secondary School Teachers KW - Science Teachers KW - Federal Programs KW - Policy Formation KW - Hearings KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Mathematics Teachers KW - Faculty Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62702534?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For a related document, see SP 035 968. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994. Committee on Agriculture Report To Accompany H.R. 8. House of Representatives, 103D Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62693035; ED373894 AB - This report discusses amendments offered by the Committee on Agriculture to H.R. 8, the Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act, which reauthorizes and improves the nutrition programs under the National School Lunch (NSL) Act and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966. The amendments deal with: (1) the amount of commodities provided to schools under the NSL Act; (2) the inspection of fish and fish products purchased by schools under the NSL Act; (3) waivers of statutory and regulatory requirements of NSL programs; (4) the improvement of the nutritional quality of entitlement commodities made available to schools under the NSL ACT; (5) NSL pilot projects; (6) the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Farmers; Market nutrition program; and (7) the distribution of a report on the use of private food establishments and caterers by schools participating in school lunch and breakfast programs. The report also includes a cost estimate for H.R. 8 prepared by the Congressional Budget Office. An appendix contains testimony supporting the legislation from Ellen Haas, the assistant secretary for Food and Consumer Services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Richard Pasco, a representative of the Commodity Distribution Coalition; and Marilyn Hurt, a representative of the American School Food Service Association. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/06/24/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jun 24 SP - 36 KW - Child Nutrition Act 1966 KW - Commodity Distribution Program KW - Congress 103rd KW - Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act 1994 KW - National School Lunch Act 1946 KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - Testimony KW - Women Infants Children Supplemental Food Program KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Activities KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Program Costs KW - Food Service KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Pilot Projects KW - Nutrition KW - Food Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62693035?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For Part 1, see PS 022 610. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - S. 2195. The National Public Telecommunications Infrastructure Act of 1994. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Communications of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62707830; ED376805 AB - This hearing focused on S. 2195, the National Public Telecommunications Infrastructure Act of 1994, which would guarantee that noncommercial and public interest groups would have a place reserved on the information superhighway for the provision of free educational, informational, cultural, civic, or charitable services to the public. It was noted that approximately 100 public interest, broadcasting, educational, library, civic, and cultural groups have expressed their support for the bill, which they believe would ensure their participation on the information superhighway. This report begins with opening statements by Senators Ernest F. Hollings (South Carolina) and Daniel K. Inouye (Hawaii) and a prepared statement from Senator Conrad Burns (Montana). Prepared statements and comments from six witnesses are then presented: (1) Andrew Blau, Director, Communications Policy Project, Benton Foundation; (2) Henry J. Cauthen, President, South Carolina Educational Television Network (SCETV); (3) George P. Connick, President, University of Maine at Augusta; (4) Carol Fukunaga, Hawaii State Senate and Chair of the Communications Committee of the National Conference of State Legislature's (NCSL) State-Federal Assembly; (5) Monroe E. Price, Professor of Law, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University; and (6) Anthony T. Riddle, Chairman, Alliance for Community Media and Executive Director of the Minneapolis Telecommunications Network. Appended materials include a letter to Senator Inouye from Tim Finnerty, Chair, Legislative/Public Policy Committee, Minnesota Association of Cable Television Administrators; a letter to Senator Inouye from Susan S. Littlefield, President, National Association of Telecommunications Officers and Advisors; a prepared statement from the National School Boards Association; NCTA comments on S. 2195; a prepared statement from the People for the American Way Action and Fund and Media Access Project; and a prepared statement from Senator Larry Pressler (South Dakota). (BBM) Y1 - 1994/06/22/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jun 22 SP - 66 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160460352 KW - Charitable Organizations KW - Congress 103rd KW - Cultural Organizations KW - Educational Information KW - Proposed Legislation KW - Public Interest Groups KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Information Services KW - Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Libraries KW - Public Service KW - Hearings KW - Federal Regulation KW - Telecommunications KW - Internet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62707830?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Legibility varies depending on print size. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Women and K-12 Science and Mathematics Education. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62704107; ED382463 AB - This hearing is the second in a series of hearings to be held by this subcommittee on the subject of "Women in Science and in Technology." The focus is on the issues of gender bias in precollege science and mathematics education. The first panel of witnesses will present the most recent data on the achievement, participation, and treatment of girls in math and science classes at the elementary and secondary school levels, and then use this data as a basis to suggest ways to improve our educational system. Witnesses include: Susan McGee Bailey, Center for Research on Women at Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts; Jane Butler Kahle, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. The second panel of witnesses will focus on strategies and programs to increase gender equity, including both programs to provide increased math and science exposure directly to female students and strategies to provide training to teachers, parents, and guidance counselors. Witnesses on this panel include: Shirley Malcom, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C.; Richard E. Stephens, Office of University and Science Education Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.; Jane Stutsman, Directorate of Education and Human Resources, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.; Stacy Kass, Careers and Life Planning, Girls, Inc., New York, New York; and Rebecca Failor, Math/Science Network, Oakland, California. An appendix contains a U.S. Department of Energy education programs catalog, 1994. Brief descriptions of each facility, its programs, and contact information are included. (MKR) Y1 - 1994/06/20/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jun 20 SP - 352 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160466741 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Mathematics Education Research KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Science Education KW - Sex Bias KW - Social Bias KW - Sex Differences KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Females KW - Educational Improvement KW - Mathematics Education KW - Achievement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62704107?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Photos may not reproduce well. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994 (Commodity Letter of Credit--CLOC). Hearing on H.R. 8, before the Subcommittee on Department Operations and Nutrition of the Committee on Agriculture. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62711386; ED383439 AB - These hearings transcripts present discussions on amendments offered by the Committee on Education and Labor to H.R. 8, the Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994, which will reauthorize and improve the national school lunch program and the child nutrition programs under the National School Lunch (NSL) Act and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966. Statements and testimony are presented for the following: (1) Senator Charles Stenholm (Texas); (2) Senator William Goodling (Pennsylvania), who emphasized that the national school lunch program should expand to serve a larger number of children; (3) Ellen Haas, assistant secretary of Food and Consumer Services, Department of Agriculture, who advocated improving the distribution of commodities; (4) Pat Holstein, director of food service of a South Carolina school district; (5) Marilyn A. Hurt, the chair of the public policy and legislative committee of the American School Food Service Association; (6) Catherine Miller, the president of the American Commodity Distribution Association; and (7) Richard Pasco, vice-president of government affairs of the National Pork Producers Council. (AP) Y1 - 1994/06/09/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jun 09 SP - 108 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160458706 KW - Child Nutrition Act 1966 KW - Commodity Distribution Program KW - Congress 103rd KW - Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act 1994 KW - National School Lunch Act 1946 KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Costs KW - Food Service KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Pilot Projects KW - Nutrition KW - Food Standards KW - School Activities KW - Nutrition Instruction KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Hearings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62711386?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-74. For additional reports, see ED N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Goals 2000: Overview and Analysis. CRS Report for Congress. AN - 62713013; ED379791 AB - Goals 2000: Educate America Act (P.L. 103-227) authorizes a range of initiatives for federal support of education reform. Its basic strategy is that of systemic reform guided by sets of agreed-upon educational goals and standards at each level of governance. An overview and analysis of the Act's basic provisions and authorizations is provided. Goals 2000 establishes eight National Education Goals to be accomplished by the year 2000, a National Education Goals Panel, a National Education Standards and Improvement Council, grants for the implementation of State systemic reform, waivers of requirements and regulations under designated Federal education programs, and a National Skills Standards Board. P.L. 103-227 includes other new authorities and provisions, such as: reauthorization of the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Educational Research and Improvement; a Safe Schools Act of 1994; parental information and resource centers; an educational technology effort including creation of an Office of Educational Technology; grants for "midnight basketball" leagues in disadvantaged communities; nonsmoking policies in federally supported educational institutions; and a required policy for expulsion of any student determined to have brought a weapon to school. The following issues were addressed during the consideration of Goals 2000: (1) the appropriate strategy for the reform of elementary and secondary education; (2) standards for providing students with learning opportunities; (3) unfunded federal mandates and federal control over education; and (4) conditions for success, which include maintaining broad support, providing sustained professional development, meeting technical challenges, and recognizing the importance of time in implementation. One table is included. (LMI) AU - Stedman, James B. Y1 - 1994/06/03/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jun 03 SP - 51 VL - CRS-94-490-EPW KW - Goals 2000 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - School Restructuring KW - Government Role KW - Educational Objectives KW - Educational Change KW - Federal Regulation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Federal State Relationship KW - State Federal Aid KW - Educational Improvement KW - National Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62713013?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994. Committee on Education and Labor Report To Accompany H.R. 8. House of Representatives, 103D Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62693336; ED373892 AB - This report discusses amendments offered by the Committee on Education and Labor to H.R. 8, the Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act, which reauthorizes and improves the nutrition programs under the National School Lunch (NSL) Act and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966. Thirteen amendments to the NSL Act deal with: (1) technical assistance to school lunch, summer food service, and child and adult care food programs; (2) nutritional requirements; (3) special assistance to schools electing to serve all children free meals; (4) school lunch and breakfast pilot programs; (5) miscellaneous provisions and definitions; (6) the summer food service program; (7) the commodity distribution program; (8) the child and adult care food program; (9) the homeless children nutrition program; (10) pilot projects; (11) reduction of paperwork; (12) extension of the Food Service Management Institute; and (13) the duties of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to debarment for fraud or bid rigging in procurement of government commodities. Four amendments to the Child Nutrition Act address school breakfast and special supplemental programs, state administration expenses, and nutrition education and training. The views of the minority Republican members of the committee are also included. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/06/03/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jun 03 SP - 86 KW - Child Nutrition Act 1966 KW - Commodity Distribution Program KW - Congress 103rd KW - Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act 1994 KW - National School Lunch Act 1946 KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Costs KW - Food Service KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Pilot Projects KW - Nutrition KW - Food Standards KW - School Activities KW - Nutrition Instruction KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Federal State Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62693336?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For Part 2, see PS 022 614. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Condition of Education in Rural Schools. AN - 62816045; ED371935 AB - This report focuses on the status of rural education and is intended to provide information to education researchers, policymakers at the federal and state levels, as well as others concerned about issues in rural education. Specifically, the goal is to increase federal policymakers' attention to rural education problems, promote improvements in rural schools, and stimulate further research on rural education. This report documents how rural conditions are sufficiently different from urban ones to warrant being examined independently, and it endorses the hypothesis that a single set of public policies may not adequately address educational issues in rural versus urban settings. National data, mainly from surveys by the National Center for Education Statistics, are synthesized covering the following topics: (1) economic and demographic context of rural education; (2) location and characteristics of rural schools and school districts; (3) relationship between the rural school and its community; (4) policies and programs benefiting rural education; (5) profiles of educators in rural schools; (6) effects of education reform in rural schools; (7) public school finance policies and practices affecting rural schools; (8) assessment of student performance in rural schools; (9) education and work experiences of rural youth; and (10) the future of rural education. The report contains numerous data tables and a section describing statistical data sources and methodology. (LP) AU - Stern, Joyce D. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 163 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160450349 KW - National Center for Education Statistics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - School Community Relationship KW - Rural Urban Differences KW - Rural Schools KW - Educational Finance KW - School Districts KW - Rural Education KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - School Statistics KW - Educational Improvement KW - Demography KW - Public Schools KW - Research Needs KW - Educational Change KW - Educational Policy KW - Economically Disadvantaged KW - School Size KW - Educational Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62816045?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Photographs may not reproduce clearly. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - School-to-Work: What Does Research Say about It? AN - 62812398; ED371206 AB - This document contains six papers on research about the school-to-work transition. Following an introduction (Nevzer G. Stacey), the first paper, "Determinants and Consequences of Fit between Vocational Education and Employment in Germany" (J. C. Witte, A. L. Kalleberg), concludes from a nationally representative longitudinal study of 16,000 individuals in 5,021 households that only about 50% of German men and 60% of German women have jobs fitting their prior vocational training. Discussed in "Financing Apprenticeship Training: Evidence from Germany" (D. Harhoff, T. J. Kane) are the following reasons why German firms support apprenticeship programs despite their high cost: cultural factors, union support, the high cost of firing, and low apprentice wages. The paper"School-to-Work Opportunities: Issues in State and Local Governance" (S. P. Choy) describes federal and state policies directed toward developing transition programs to prepare youths for high-skill, high-wage careers and transforming workplaces into learning sites. Outlined in "Industry-Based Education: A New Approach for School-to-Work Transition" (G. Hoachlander) is a model school-to-work program. The final two papers, "Profile of Target Populations for School-to-Work Transition Initiatives" (S. P. Choy, M. N. Alt, R. R. Henke) and "Opportunities or Obstacles? A Map of Federal Legislation Related to the School-to-Work Initiative" (M. T. Moore, Z. Waldman) discuss state programming options in view of federal legislation targeting specific population groups. Most papers include substantial bibliographies. (MN) Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 193 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Carl D Perkins Voc and Appl Techn Educ Act 1990 KW - Germany KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Educational Legislation KW - Government School Relationship KW - Public Policy KW - Secondary Education KW - Models KW - Foreign Countries KW - Federal Legislation KW - Apprenticeships KW - Transitional Programs KW - Educational Policy KW - Vocational Education KW - Federal State Relationship KW - State Federal Aid KW - Educational Research KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62812398?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Data Compendium for the NAEP 1992 Reading Assessment of the Nation and the States. AN - 62806726; ED371344 AB - This compendium presents the extensive range of data (including nearly 300 tables and 11 figures of data) collected in the National Assessment of Educational Progress' (NAEP's) 1992 Reading Assessment. Chapters 1 and 2 of the compendium present the data in the context of the National Assessment Governing Board achievement levels, showing what students should be able to do at each of three levels: Basic, Proficient, and Advanced. Chapters 3 and 4 present the data in the context of the three purposes for reading--reading for literary experience, reading to gain information, and reading to perform a task. Chapter 5 presents examples of the regular and extended constructed-response questions used. Chapters 6 through 11 contain data related to the background questionnaires presented to students, teachers, and school administrators and discuss students' reading behaviors and attitudes, school and classroom characteristics, methods of reading instruction, teachers' reports of their professional development, students' attitudes towards the assessment itself, and characteristics of students' home life. Appendix A explains the procedure for anchoring the achievement levels in depth, presents examples of questions, and includes the results for each level at each grade. Appendix B describes participation rates for the trial state assessments. Appendix C presents co-statistics on state contextual background factors, and appendix D provides further detail about the assessment procedures. Appendix E contains standard deviations and percentiles for national demographic subpopulations. Appendix F contains examples of stories, articles, and documents used in the 1992 assessment and have been released for public review. (RS) Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 586 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NAEP-R-23-ST09; NCES-94-272 KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - Reading Behavior KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Reading Tests KW - Reading Achievement KW - Reading Instruction KW - Reading Ability KW - Family Life KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Professional Development KW - Reading Research KW - Reading Diagnosis KW - Reading Attitudes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62806726?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - SASS by State, 1990-91 Schools and Staffing Survey: Selected State Results. AN - 62806256; ED373112 AB - The Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), initiated in 1987-88, was conducted in 1990-91 to provide data on the nation's elementary and secondary school teaching force, aspects of teacher supply and demand, teacher workplace conditions, characteristics of school administrators, and school policies and practices. The sample for the 1990-91 survey comprised 9,500 public schools and 56,000 public school teachers; and 3,000 private schools and 9,000 private school teachers. This report highlights some state-by-state statistics that can be produced from SASS data. Items selected for this publication can inform policy, funding, and program issues. Tables and graphs of this report illustrate a state's current status relative to other states. Sections include: (1) school and student characteristics by state; (2) teacher and principal characteristics by state; (3) preparation of teachers by state; and (4) conditions for teaching by state. Five appendixes contain supplemental and technical information about survey administration and analysis. Thirty-four figures and 34 tables present survey data. (SLD) AU - Blank, Rolf Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 166 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016045042X KW - Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Practitioners KW - State Programs KW - Teaching (Occupation) KW - Job Satisfaction KW - Teacher Characteristics KW - Research Methodology KW - Student Characteristics KW - Educational Administration KW - Educational Finance KW - Teacher Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Teacher Supply and Demand KW - National Surveys KW - Public Schools KW - Educational Practices KW - Educational Policy KW - Statistical Data KW - Private Schools UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62806256?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study First Follow-up (BPS:90/92). Final Public Technical Report. Contractor Report. AN - 62802956; ED373118 AB - This document is a summary and evaluation of the methodological procedures and results of the full-scale implementation of the Beginning Postsecondary Student Longitudinal Study, 1990-92 (BPS). The BPS starts with a cohort of students beginning postsecondary education regardless of when they completed high school. As a result, information will be available about nontraditional students who have delayed their postsecondary education. Many educational policy questions can be addressed through information gathered by the BPS about student characteristics and patterns of information. An introductory chapter provides a summary of the background, major procedures and results, and scheduled products of the survey. Other sections cover the design and method, data collection and results, data analysis, nonresponse weighting, and data file construction. Eight appendixes provide technical information about survey conduct. Six figures and 57 tables present some survey findings and details about the methodology. (SLD) AU - Burkheimer, J. G. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 273 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-369 KW - Beginning Postsecondary Students Long Study KW - Nonresponders KW - Weighting (Statistical) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Reentry Students KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Research Methodology KW - Adult Students KW - Educational Policy KW - Data Collection KW - Nontraditional Education KW - National Surveys KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Data Analysis KW - Cohort Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62802956?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NAEP 1992 Writing Report Card. AN - 62799696; ED370119 AB - A study examined the writing performance of American schoolchildren based on a survey conducted in 1992 by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Nationally representative samples of fourth-, eighth-, and twelfth-grade students attending public and private schools--approximately 30,000 in all--responded to a variety of writing tasks. Nine different writing tasks were used at grade 4, 11 at grade 8, and 12 at grade 12. The tasks at each grade included a mix of grade-appropriate informative, persuasive, and narrative writing, with some tasks being given to students at more than one grade. Not all students at a grade were given all tasks. At each grade, approximately 1,500 students responded to each task. Taken as a whole, results indicated that given time and familiarity with the topic, the best students can write relatively effective informative and narrative pieces. Even the best students continue, however, to have difficulty with writing tasks that require them to muster arguments and evidence in persuasive writing. According to teachers and students, persuasive writing--advancing evidence and arguments to influence readers to change their thinking--received less emphasis in their classes than did informative or narrative writing. The performance of the best students remained far ahead of the performance of most of their classmates. Whatever successes schools may claim in writing instruction, many students at each grade level continue to have serious difficulty in producing effective informative, persuasive, or narrative writing. (Contains 50 tables and 8 figures of data as well as samples of students' essays. A procedural appendix is attached). (RS) AU - Applebee, Arthur N. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 231 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 (ISBN-0-16-045037-3). KW - Curriculum Emphases KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Writing Ability KW - Intermediate Grades KW - Writing Instruction KW - Grade 8 KW - Grade 12 KW - Writing Achievement KW - Grade 4 KW - Persuasive Discourse KW - National Surveys KW - Writing Research KW - Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62799696?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Federal Pell Grant Program. CRS Report for Congress. AN - 62714684; ED378877 AB - This report discusses the Federal Pell Grant Program, the largest need-related federal postsecondary student grant program administered by the U.S. Department of Education, along with recent changes in the program authorized by the 1992 Amendments to the Higher Education Act. The program is designed to assist student from low-income families who would not otherwise be financially able to attend a postsecondary institution. The report reviews student eligibility, grant size, award rules, and need analysis, along with the characteristics of grant recipients. It also outlines the functions of postsecondary institutions participating in the program related to the control of fraud and abuse, application errors, and financial controls. Finally, the report discusses funding trends for the Pell Grant Program from 1980 through 1994, as well as suggestions for program improvement. It argues that increased funding levels are needed to restore Pell Grants as the foundation of federal student aid. (MDM) AU - Schenet, Margot A. Y1 - 1994/06/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jun 01 SP - 20 KW - Higher Education Act Amendments 1992 KW - Pell Grant Program KW - Program Characteristics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Financial Support KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Need Analysis (Student Financial Aid) KW - Federal Aid KW - Government Role KW - Grants KW - Public Policy KW - Educational Attitudes KW - Eligibility KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Program Implementation KW - Federal Programs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62714684?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Student Data Handbook for Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education. Contractor Report. AN - 62708061; ED375160 AB - This handbook is an effort to establish current and consistent terms, definitions, and classification codes to maintain, collect, report, and exchange comparable information about students. It is a reference guide to those concerned with the collection of student data. Definitions reflect a consensus about best practice in the field of education as well as current Federal reporting requirements. Information is included about designing student record-keeping systems for schools, school districts, or other educational institutions. The handbook is not a data collection instrument, nor does it reflect any Federal data collection requirements. There are descriptions of applications of the handbook, including the development of surveys and design of automated record systems. Twelve appendixes provide lists of contributors and technical information about data reporting. (SLD) Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 335 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160450721 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Classification KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Surveys KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Definitions KW - Data Collection KW - Educational Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62708061?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Prepared by Education Data Systems Implementation N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Improving Math and Science Assessment. Report on the Secretary's Third Conference on Mathematics and Science Education (Washington, DC, September 20-21, 1993). AN - 62699518; ED374135 AB - The third conference on improving mathematics and science assessment brought together more than 550 educators, researchers, and policymakers. Recommendations and information from the conference are incorporated into this report. Conference consensus was that students must recognize that there is more to assessment than grades and scores and begin to see assessment as a crucial and integral part of education. They should assume increasing responsibility for documenting and reflecting on their own progress as they move through school. Parents and the public must hold high expectations for instruction and for student participation. Teachers will hold all students, regardless of their backgrounds, to high standards and will recognize that assessment cannot be separated from learning. Principals and other administrators must oversee the reform of mathematics and science assessment and ensure that the curriculum reflects what we want students to know. An 18-item reading list is attached, and an appendix lists conference participants and sessions. (SLD) AU - Paulu, Nancy Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 50 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - PIP-94-1201 KW - Reform Efforts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teacher Role KW - Performance Based Assessment KW - Student Role KW - Principals KW - Parent Role KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Test Use KW - Educational Improvement KW - Mathematics KW - Sciences KW - Curriculum Development KW - Educational Change KW - Policy Formation KW - Educational Policy KW - Standards KW - Alternative Assessment KW - Student Evaluation KW - Educational Assessment KW - Educational Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62699518?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Children's Television (Part 2). Hearing before the Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Finance of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session (June 10, 1994). AN - 62688374; ED375824 AB - The topic of this hearing was the Children's Television Act of 1990. This act was designed to increase the choices for children and to give parents and families the possibility of finding educational programming to supplement other children's programs. The Act has two major provisions. First, it established time limits on the amount of advertising that could be shown during children's programs. The second requires broadcasters to serve the educational and informational needs of the child audience including programming specifically designed to meet these needs. This hearing focused on whether this law has changed the landscape for children in the almost four years it has been in effect. Testimony was presented by: (1) Rosanne K. Bacon, Executive Committee member, National Education Association; (2) David V. B. Britt, President, Children's Television Workshop; (3) Linda Cochran, Vice President, WSYT-TV, Syracuse, New York; (4) Margaret Loesch, President, Fox Children's Network; (5) Linda Mancuso, Vice President, Saturday Morning and Family Programs, NBC; (6) Kathryn C. Montgomery, President, Center for Media Education; (7) Kent Takano, Producer, "Scratch" Teen Magazine Program; and (8) Paul Zaloom, actor, "Beakman's World." A statement submitted for the record by Jeanette B. Trias, President, ABC Children's Entertainment, concludes this hearing report. (JLB) Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 140 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington DC 20402. SN - 0160458978 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Television Commercials KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Childrens Television KW - Educational Television KW - Children KW - Educational Media UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62688374?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-121. Reproducibility varies widely. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vulnerable periods and processes during central nervous system development. AN - 21261901; 11701602 AB - The developing central nervous system (CNS) is the organ system most frequently observed to exhibit congenital abnormalities. While the developing CNS lacks a blood brain barrier, the characteristics of known teratogens indicate that differential doses to the developing vs mature brain are not the major factor in differential sensitivity. Instead, most agents seem to act on processes that occur only during development. Thus, it appears that the susceptibility of the developing brain compared to the mature one depends to a great extent on the presence of processes sensitive to disruption. Yet cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation characterize many other developing organs, so the difference between CNS and other organs must depend on other properties of the developing CNS. The most important of these is probably the fact that nervous system development takes much longer than development of other organs, making it subject to injury over a longer period. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rodier, P M AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, NY 14642. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 121 EP - 124 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - migration KW - Sensitivity KW - Central nervous system KW - Injuries KW - Blood-brain barrier KW - Brain KW - Organs KW - Differentiation KW - vulnerability KW - Teratogens KW - Cell migration KW - Cell proliferation KW - N3 11007:Neurobiology KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21261901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Vulnerable+periods+and+processes+during+central+nervous+system+development.&rft.au=Rodier%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Rodier&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Differentiation; Central nervous system; Injuries; Blood-brain barrier; Brain; Teratogens; Cell migration; Cell proliferation; Sensitivity; migration; vulnerability; Organs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of antioxidant enzymes in lung after oxidant injury. AN - 21258768; 11703528 AB - Studies have implicated active oxygen species (AOS) in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. Many chemical and physical agents in the environment are potent generators of AOS, including ozone, hyperoxia, mineral dusts, paraquat, etc. These agents produce AOS by different mechanisms, but frequently the lung is the primary target of toxicity, and exposure results in damage to lung tissue to varying degrees. The lung has developed defenses to AOS-mediated damage, which include antioxidant enzymes, the superoxide dismutases [copper-zinc (CuZnSOD) and manganese-containing (MnSOD)], catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). In this review, antioxidant defenses to environmental stresses in the lung as well as in isolated pulmonary cells following exposure to a number of different oxidants, are summarized. Each oxidant appears to induce a different pattern of antioxidant enzyme response in the lung, although some common trends, i.e., induction of MnSOD following oxidants inducing inflammation or pulmonary fibrosis, in responses to oxidants occur. Responses may vary between the different cell types in the lung as a function of cell-cycle or other factors. Increases in MnSOD mRNA or immunoreactive protein in response to certain oxidants may serve as a biomarker of AOS-mediated damage in the lung. Images Figure 3. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Quinlan, T AU - Spivack, S AU - Mossman, B T AD - Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05405. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 79 EP - 87 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Antioxidants KW - Lung KW - environmental stress KW - Reviews KW - Enzymes KW - Proteins KW - Toxicity KW - Oxidants KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+antioxidant+enzymes+in+lung+after+oxidant+injury.&rft.au=Quinlan%2C+T%3BSpivack%2C+S%3BMossman%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Quinlan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; Antioxidants; environmental stress; Lung; Reviews; Proteins; Enzymes; Toxicity; Oxidants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of animal/in vitro data on biological effects of man-made fibers. AN - 21251614; 11703529 AB - This paper reviews the investigations with man-made fibers (MMF). Insulation woods: glasswool (GW), rockwool (RW), slagwool (SW), glass microfibers (GMF), glass filaments (GFiI), and refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) have been used in experimental animals and in in vitro cell systems. A large heterogeneous number of fibers, methods of fiber preparation, size selection, aerosolization, fiber size, and fiber burden measurement were noted, rendering difficult a comparison between results. By inhalation, RCF and asbestos used as positive controls produced a significant tumor increase. In some studies, a low tumor yield was found after inhalation of insulation wools; when all inhalation data were gathered, a significant tumor increase was found with GW. However, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions on the potential of other fiber types because, in addition to the different compositions of the fibers, differences in fiber number and sizes existed, especially in comparison with asbestos. Moreover, experiments using inoculation, especially by the intraperitoneal route revealed a carcinogenic potential of all fibers types but GFiI and SW. In these two groups a small number of animals has been investigated and the fiber characteristics were sometimes irrelevant. So far, a relationship between the carcinogenic potency and fiber dimensions has been established. Other fiber parameters may be of importance (surface chemistry, biopersistence, fiber structure, for example) but further investigations are necessary to determine the correlations between these parameters and tumor incidence. In vitro experiments have emphasized the fiber characteristics identified in vivo as playing a role in the carcinogenic potency and should be developed as a better approach of the mechanistic effects of MMF. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ellouk, S A AU - Jaurand, M C AD - Laboratoire de Pathologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire de l'Environment, INSERM, Creteil, France. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 47 EP - 61 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 102 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Ceramics KW - Fibers KW - Asbestos KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Reviews KW - surface chemistry KW - Wood KW - tumors KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Review+of+animal%2Fin+vitro+data+on+biological+effects+of+man-made+fibers.&rft.au=Ellouk%2C+S+A%3BJaurand%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Ellouk&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceramics; Inhalation; Fibers; Asbestos; Carcinogenicity; surface chemistry; Reviews; Wood; tumors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling Distortionary Aspects of the U.S. Wheat Program and Policy Reform AN - 1761710637; 199401806 AB - Explores whether price support policies within the US wheat program increase the producer incentive at the margin, drawing on a partial equilibrium model whose predictive accuracy is tested with 1974/75 & 1990/91 policy data. Results indicate that price support, conditioned on production constraint, has not increased US production. Furthermore, the combined effect of price support & production control within a voluntary system is shown to increase US supply response with respect to market price. Given these results, opposition to certain aspects of US agricultural policy may be misguided. 8 Tables, 1 Appendix, 26 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Policy Modeling AU - Labson, B Stephen AD - Australian Bureau Agricultural & Resource Economics, GPO Box 1563 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 237 EP - 263 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0161-8938, 0161-8938 KW - price support policies-producer incentive relationship, wheat program, US, partial equilibrium model KW - 1974/75 & 1990/91 policy data KW - Economic Factors KW - Agricultural Production KW - Prices KW - United States of America KW - Agricultural Policy KW - article KW - 7210: social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761710637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Policy+Modeling&rft.atitle=Modeling+Distortionary+Aspects+of+the+U.S.+Wheat+Program+and+Policy+Reform&rft.au=Labson%2C+B+Stephen&rft.aulast=Labson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Policy+Modeling&rft.issn=01618938&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States of America; Prices; Economic Factors; Agricultural Policy; Agricultural Production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Potential Cancer Risk from Consumption of PCBs Bioaccumulated in Fish and Shellfish AN - 14355306; 10486905 AB - Possible cancer risk to adults from ingestion of PCBs via fish and shellfish was evaluated, using an equilibrium partitioning model of contaminant bioaccumulation in aquatic biota. The estimated risk to humans rose exponentially with increasing PCB hydrophobicity. The inclusion of food chain sources of PCBs was needed to cause potential cancer risk to exceed 1 million. Cancer risk was reduced by environmental degradation of PCB, which limited exposure concentrations. Risk was also reduced by PCB biotransformation to nongenotoxic metabolites by aquatic organisms. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Barron, Mace G AU - Yurk, Jeffrey J AU - Crothers, David B Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 562 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL KW - BIOACCUMULATION, FISH KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - SHELLFISH KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - FOOD CHAINS KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - DEGRADATION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14355306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Potential+Cancer+Risk+from+Consumption+of+PCBs+Bioaccumulated+in+Fish+and+Shellfish&rft.au=Barron%2C+Mace+G%3BYurk%2C+Jeffrey+J%3BCrothers%2C+David+B&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=Mace&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; SHELLFISH; BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL; CANCER RISK; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; BIOACCUMULATION, FISH; DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; FOOD CHAINS; DEGRADATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring Peach Harvest Workers Exposed to Azinphosmethyl Residues in Sutter County, California, 1991 AN - 14355283; 10486907 AB - Urinary alkylphosphate metabolites, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), dermal residues, and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were monitored in peach harvest workers exposed to azinphosmethyl. Dislodgeable foliar residues were in the 0.82-1.72 mu g/cm super(2) range. The mean dermal exposure was 32 mg and was in the 17.9-60.5 mg range. BChE levels in exposed harvesters and minimally exposed sorters were comparable, while the exposed workers had markedly lower AChE values relative to sorters for two post-exposure blood analyses. Urinary metabolite excretion rose with continuous exposure and was inversely related to both AChE and BChE. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schneider, Frank AU - Steenland, Kyle AU - Hernandez, Bernardo AU - Wilson, Barry AU - Krieger, Robert AU - Spencer, Janet AU - Margetich, Sheila Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 580 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - OCCUPATIONAL COMPARISONS KW - CHOLINESTERASE KW - INSECTICIDE RESIDUES KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - CALIFORNIA KW - INSECTICIDE EXPOSURE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14355283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Monitoring+Peach+Harvest+Workers+Exposed+to+Azinphosmethyl+Residues+in+Sutter+County%2C+California%2C+1991&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Frank%3BSteenland%2C+Kyle%3BHernandez%2C+Bernardo%3BWilson%2C+Barry%3BKrieger%2C+Robert%3BSpencer%2C+Janet%3BMargetich%2C+Sheila&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=580&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CALIFORNIA; HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; INSECTICIDE EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL COMPARISONS; CHOLINESTERASE; INSECTICIDE RESIDUES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Water Contamination and the Incidence of Leukemia and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma AN - 14354539; 10486904 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cohn, Perry AU - Klotz, Judith AU - Bove, Frank AU - Berkowitz, Marian AU - Fagliano, Jerald Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 556 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS KW - HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - WATER, DRINKING KW - WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS KW - NEW JERSEY KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14354539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Drinking+Water+Contamination+and+the+Incidence+of+Leukemia+and+Non-Hodgkin%27s+Lymphoma&rft.au=Cohn%2C+Perry%3BKlotz%2C+Judith%3BBove%2C+Frank%3BBerkowitz%2C+Marian%3BFagliano%2C+Jerald&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Perry&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; CANCER RISK; HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; WATER, DRINKING; WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS; NEW JERSEY ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicokinetic and Toxicodynamic Influences on Endocrine Disruption by Polychlorinated Biphenyls AN - 14354043; 10486906 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Soontornchat, Sermpan AU - Li, Mei-Hui AU - Cooke, Paul S AU - Hansen, Larry G Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 568 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - BIOLOGY, ANIMALLABORATORY KW - ENZYME ACTIVITY KW - HORMONES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14354043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Toxicokinetic+and+Toxicodynamic+Influences+on+Endocrine+Disruption+by+Polychlorinated+Biphenyls&rft.au=Soontornchat%2C+Sermpan%3BLi%2C+Mei-Hui%3BCooke%2C+Paul+S%3BHansen%2C+Larry+G&rft.aulast=Soontornchat&rft.aufirst=Sermpan&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; BIOLOGY, ANIMALLABORATORY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HORMONES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing a Damaged Earth AN - 14351307; 10486900 AB - Ecological risk assessment has emerged as a complement to human health risk assessment of environmental pollution. The multidisciplinary nature, wide scope, and multiple endpoints considered in ecological risk assessment offer a means to establish priorities for addressing environmental problems. Ecological vs. human health endpoints are examined, noting that ecological assessments are more complex relative to health assessments because many endpoints are analyzed for thousands of species. Controversial elements of the process, including high levels of uncertainty, are discussed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Clay, Rebecca Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 532 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - ENV IMPACT ASSESSMENT KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14351307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessing+a+Damaged+Earth&rft.au=Clay%2C+Rebecca&rft.aulast=Clay&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=532&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; PUBLIC HEALTH; ENV IMPACT ASSESSMENT ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening and Separation of Microorganisms Degrading PCBs AN - 14349412; 10486903 AB - Different soil types sampled in the Czech Republic were analyzed in an attempt to isolate indigenous bacteria capable of biodegrading PCBs. PCB degradative ability was determined after 7 d of incubation by use of gas chromatography. The best degradative potency was demonstrated by a bacterial mixed culture isolated from a soil sample contaminated with an industrial mixture of PCB congeners. The degree of degradation by individual strains was governed by the number of chlorine substituents in the PCB congeners. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bokvajova, Alena AU - Burkhard, Jiri AU - Demnerova, Katerina AU - Pazlarova, Jarmila Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 552 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BACTERIA KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - SOIL CONTAMINATION KW - BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISM KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14349412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Screening+and+Separation+of+Microorganisms+Degrading+PCBs&rft.au=Bokvajova%2C+Alena%3BBurkhard%2C+Jiri%3BDemnerova%2C+Katerina%3BPazlarova%2C+Jarmila&rft.aulast=Bokvajova&rft.aufirst=Alena&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BACTERIA; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; SOIL CONTAMINATION; BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISM ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous Waste Site Remediation, Neighborhood Change, and Neighborhood Quality AN - 14349359; 10486901 AB - Hypotheses about the relationship between hazardous waste site remediation, neighborhood change, and neighborhood quality were tested in surveys of residents near partially remediated and unremediated Superfund sites in New Jersey. Neighborhoods with partly or substantially remediated sites were rated higher quality relative to areas with unremediated sites. Newer residents viewed formerly polluted areas as opportunities to upgrade their housing and living conditions. While longer-term residents were concerned about declining property values and rated their neighborhoods as fair or poor, neighborhood quality ranking was not based solely on the presence of a hazardous waste site. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Greenberg, Michael AU - Schneider, Dona Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 542 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SUPERFUND SITES KW - HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL KW - ENV QUALITY ASSESSMENT KW - REAL ESTATE KW - WASTE SITE REMEDIATION KW - ATTITUDE SURVEYS KW - NEW JERSEY KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14349359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hazardous+Waste+Site+Remediation%2C+Neighborhood+Change%2C+and+Neighborhood+Quality&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+Michael%3BSchneider%2C+Dona&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=542&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - REAL ESTATE; SUPERFUND SITES; HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL; WASTE SITE REMEDIATION; ATTITUDE SURVEYS; ENV QUALITY ASSESSMENT; NEW JERSEY ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beryllium: a Chronic Problem AN - 14348998; 10486899 AB - Evidence for the dermatological, pulmonary, and systemic toxicity of beryllium is reviewed. The identification of Be as an occupational and environmental hazard in the 1940s is traced, and the resulting evolution of occupational and community ambient air standards for the element is chronicled. Problems encountered in the classification of populations at risk for chronic Be disease are noted. The advent of a genetic screening test for this disease can be viewed as a tool for its eventual elimination from the workplace. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lang, Leslie Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 526 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - BERYLLIUM KW - CARCINOGENIC AGENTS KW - AIR QUALITY STANDARDS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14348998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Beryllium%3A+a+Chronic+Problem&rft.au=Lang%2C+Leslie&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t photos N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; CARCINOGENIC AGENTS; BERYLLIUM; AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury in the Umbilical Cord: Implications for Risk Assessment for Minamata Disease AN - 14346988; 10486902 AB - The link between mercury levels in umbilical cord (UC) tissue with that in in UC blood and maternal hair was examined in samples from a cohort study in the Faroe Islands, Denmark. Hg exposures from seafood in this area may approach those that occurred in Minamata, Japan, during the 1950s. Hg concentrations in UC tissue were strongly correlated with the frequency of maternal whale meat ingestion during pregnancy and with Hg content of UC blood and maternal hair. The median UC Hg concentration of 4.95 nmol/g dry weight in Minamata would translate to 668 nmol/l cord blood and 114 nmol/g maternal hair, concentrations that support evidence of fetal susceptibility to increased exposure to methylmercury. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Dalgard, Christine AU - Grandjean, Philippe AU - Jorgensen, Poul J AU - Weihe, Pal Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 548 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS KW - DENMARK KW - METAL CONCENTRATIONS KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - HAIR KW - BLOOD ANALYSIS KW - MERCURY KW - MINAMATA DISEASE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14346988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mercury+in+the+Umbilical+Cord%3A+Implications+for+Risk+Assessment+for+Minamata+Disease&rft.au=Dalgard%2C+Christine%3BGrandjean%2C+Philippe%3BJorgensen%2C+Poul+J%3BWeihe%2C+Pal&rft.aulast=Dalgard&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=548&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DENMARK; FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS; BLOOD ANALYSIS; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; MINAMATA DISEASE; MERCURY; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; HAIR ER - TY - GEN T1 - Historically Black Colleges and Universities Historic Building Restoration and Preservation Act [To Accompany H.R. 2921]. Senate, 103d Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62811997; ED371698 AB - This report of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources recommends that appropriations be authorized for the Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Historic Building Restoration and Preservation Act (H.R. 2921), as amended. The bill provides the authorization necessary to appropriate funds for structures located on the campuses of HBCUs that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or that are designated a National Historic Landmark. The bill provides authorization for the use of $10 million for grants to 11 projects identified as the most historically significant and critically threatened structures and $5 million to Fisk University, to be funded through the Historic Preservation Fund. The report outlines the bill's legislative history, Committee recommendations and tabulation of votes, Committee amendments, a section-by-section analysis, cost and budgetary considerations, regulatory impact evaluation, and communications from the Department of the Interior. (JDD) Y1 - 1994/05/25/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 25 SP - 8 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Historical Landmarks KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Educational Facilities KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Colleges KW - Black Colleges KW - Higher Education KW - College Buildings KW - Public Policy KW - Preservation KW - Universities KW - Facility Improvement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62811997?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For a related report with dissenting views, see ED N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Teenage Pregnancy. Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. Special Hearings. AN - 62623109; ED386645 AB - The Senate Subcommittee met in order to examine the alarming increase of out-of-wedlock teenage pregnancies in the United States. Information provided at the hearings included: the scope of the issue; input from experts on what is causing the increases being recorded; different approaches to reducing teen pregnancy; and, teen parent perspectives. Statements were given by organizations such as: Women's Health Services, Teen Services Program, Athletes for Abstinence, Family Court Division of the City of Philadelphia, Sex Respect, Inc., and the Philadelphia Board of Education. Dr. Jocelyn Elders, Surgeon General, also gave a statement. Topics discussed include: pressure to become sexually active, role of mass media, young men's responsibility, the role of parents, comprehensive health education, abstinence, welfare, and the use, cost, and availability of Norplant were addressed. Extensive charts, graphs, program descriptions, and testimony are included. (JBJ) Y1 - 1994/05/25/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 25 SP - 225 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160461766 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Early Parenthood KW - Pregnant Students KW - Sex Education KW - Child Welfare KW - Secondary Education KW - Pregnancy KW - Sexuality KW - Hearings KW - Youth Problems KW - Family Planning KW - Public Health Legislation KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62623109?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Prison Inmate Training and Rehabilitation Act of 1993. Hearing on H.R. 703 Prison Inmate Training and Rehabilitation Act of 1993, before the Subcommittee on Intellectual Property and Judicial Administration of the Committee on the Judiciary. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62713990; ED376291 AB - This congressional hearing considers legislation intended to provide additional work opportunities for inmates in the federal prison system and to help reduce the reliance of federal prison industries on traditional industries. Testimony includes statements, letters, written statements, and other materials presented by the following: U.S. senators and representatives and individuals representing the Workman Fund, Leavenworth, Kansas; National Committee on Community Corrections; Federal Bureau of Prisons; International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union; and Institute for Law and Justice. Appendixes contain the following: a Justice Fellowship statement on H.R. 703; a list of active projects with other Federal agencies; excerpt from an independent market study of UNICOR Federal Prison Industries, Inc.; excerpt from 1993 Summit on Federal Prison Industries; U.S. trade data; memorandum of understanding between the U.S. and China on prohibiting import and export trade in prison labor products; and newspaper article, "Firms Cited over Imports from China." (YLB) Y1 - 1994/05/19/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 19 SP - 142 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160459907 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Work Experience KW - Hearings KW - Federal Government KW - Correctional Rehabilitation KW - Prisoners KW - Job Training KW - Correctional Education KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62713990?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 44. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Before Dreams Disappear: Preventing Youth Violence. Hearing on Examining Certain Provisions Establishing Programs To Prevent Youth Violence as Contained in the Proposed Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act before the Subcommittee on Children, Feamily, Drugs and Alcoholism, of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred and Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62715378; ED378473 AB - This report presents verbatim, a hearing before the Subcommittee on Children, Family, Drugs and Alcoholism. The hearing featured a series of testimonies and stories on violence among young people in the United States. It opened with remarks by Subcommittee Chairman, Christopher Dodd. He was followed by numerous statements on the nature of violence in communities. These statements were made by those who work with children and youth. Included in these testimonies were accounts provided by children and young people, who spoke of the state of violence in their neighborhoods. The many reports also featured details on programs that appeared to be effective in thwarting violence among youth. A number of prepared testimonies by government officials also appear in this report. (RJM) Y1 - 1994/05/17/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 17 SP - 76 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160448255 KW - Congress 103rd KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Social Theories KW - Social Influences KW - At Risk Persons KW - Quality of Life KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Violence KW - Antisocial Behavior KW - Hearings KW - Social Problems KW - Youth Problems KW - Youth KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62715378?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Minority Participation and Retention in Higher Education. Hearing on Examining Certain Issues Relating to Minority Participation in Higher Education, Focusing on Student Aid Programs before the Subcommittee on Education, Arts, and Humanities of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62699678; ED373676 AB - This hearing transcript presents testimony concerning minority participation and retention in higher education with emphasis on implications for student aid programs. Oral testimony or prepared statements were presented by Senators Paul Simon, Claiborne Pell, and Carol Mosely-Braun. Testimony was also offered by: (1) the president and three officials of the American Council on Education; (2) the associate director and two officials from the Education and Employment Issues section of the U.S. General Accounting Office; (3) the executive director of the National Council of Education Opportunity Associations; and (4) the presidents of Morgan State University, Norfolk State University, Nebraska Indian Community College, Hostos Community College, Chicago State University, and Spelman College. The testimony in general pointed to the low, and in some cases declining, rates of participation by Blacks, Latinos, and other minorities in higher education in the United States. Many witnesses decried the lack of minority graduate students and faculty to serve as role models. Much testimony was also critical of federal student aid initiatives, such as the Pell Grant program, for not providing enough money to needy students. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/05/17/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 17 SP - 146 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. KW - Congress 103rd KW - Pell Grant Program KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Low Income Groups KW - School Holding Power KW - Grants KW - College Presidents KW - College Attendance KW - Student Participation KW - Higher Education KW - Public Policy KW - Educational Attitudes KW - Student Financial Aid KW - College Role KW - Minority Groups KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Faculty Recruitment KW - Hearings KW - Academic Persistence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62699678?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reemployment and Retraining Act. Hearing on Examining Provisions of S. 1964, Authorizing Funds to States for Worker Reemployment and Retraining Programs before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62701159; ED382778 AB - This document records the oral and written testimony of witnesses who testified at a Senate committee hearing concerning authorizing funds to states for worker reemployment and training programs. Witnesses included the following: Senators Claiborne Pell, Nancy Kassebaum, and Edward Kennedy; top officials from several major corporations; and several federal, state, and city officials involved in labor retraining and employment programs. The testimony generally supported the proposed legislation, which would create one-stop retraining and employment services for dislocated workers. An executive from a large private corporation headquartered in Germany testified that in Germany, all companies provide training, but that in the United States few companies provide training because trained workers could go to other companies that do not provide training. He supported one-stop employment centers and financial incentives for companies to provide training for workers to encourage more companies to do so. (KC) Y1 - 1994/05/12/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 12 SP - 68 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160459311 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Programs KW - Employment Services KW - Federal Legislation KW - Retraining KW - Hearings KW - Dislocated Workers KW - Job Training KW - Employment Practices KW - Labor Needs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62701159?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Keeping Our Kids Safe. Hearing on Examining State and Local Efforts To Identify and Prevent the Leading Causes of Injuries to Children, before the Subcommittee on Children, Family, Drugs and Alcoholism of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62691271; ED377952 AB - These transcripts of hearings present testimony on how we can protect children in dangerous and violent environments. The statements address the longstanding efforts to reduce childhood injury in this country, with an emphasis on prevention as the best approach to child injury and health care. Statements and testimony are presented for the following: (1) Senators Dodd (Connecticut), Kennedy (Massachusetts), Thurmond (South Carolina); (2) Dr. C. Everett Koop, Chairman of the National Safe Kids Campaign; (3) four adolescents, victims of accidents or witnesses to violent crime, whose experiences highlight the benefits of prevention; (4) Senator Jeffords (Vermont); (5) the director of the National Center for Injury Protection and Control; (6) program director of the National Public Services Research Institute; and (7) an assistant professor of health policy. (AP) Y1 - 1994/05/10/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 10 SP - 84 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160448557 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Injuries KW - Child Health KW - Violence KW - Child Welfare KW - Child Safety KW - Health Promotion KW - Safety Education KW - Prevention KW - Child Rearing KW - Family Problems KW - Alcoholism KW - Hearings KW - Child Abuse KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62691271?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Several pages contain small and broken print. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Human Services Amendments of 1994. Conference Report To Accompany S. 2000. Committee of Conference, House of Representatives, 103D Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62708340; ED376986 AB - This report presents the results of U.S. Senate-House of Representatives conference committee deliberations concerning amendments to S. 2000, the Human Services Reauthorization Act of 1994, which is designed to reauthorize appropriations for fiscal years 1995 through 1998 to carry out the Head Start Act, the Community Services Block Grant Act, and the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act. The amendments to the Head Start Act address definitions, services, allocation of funds, monitoring and quality assurance, participation, staff qualifications, and goals and priorities for training and technical assistance. The amendments to the Community Services Block Grant Act address community food and nutrition programs, instructional activities for low-income youth, and assistance to the homeless. The amendments to the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act address emergency funds, targeted assistance, authorized uses of funds, and the Residential Energy Assistance Challenge Option. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/05/09/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 09 SP - 82 KW - Amendments KW - Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act KW - Community Services Block Grant Act KW - Congress 103rd KW - Family Resource and Support Programs KW - Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program KW - Project Head Start KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Human Services KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Preschool Education KW - Family Programs KW - Community Programs KW - Low Income KW - Block Grants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62708340?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Hearing on the Administration's Proposal before the Committee on Indian Affairs. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62708311; ED377018 AB - The U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs heard testimony on the proposed reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) as it relates to American Indian education. ESEA incorporates virtually all major programs constituting federal aid to education; of particular concern to American Indians and Alaska Natives is the title called the Indian Education Act, as well as titles providing for the education of economically disadvantaged children, bilingual education, and impact aid. Statements were received from U.S. Senators, administrators of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and the U.S. Department of Education, and representatives of regional and national Indian education associations. Topics and issues discussed included mechanisms for developing tribal and BIA standards consistent with Goals 2000 standards, BIA budget preparation procedures, teacher salaries in BIA schools, parent participation in goal setting, the formula for allocating impact aid to public school districts serving Indian children, state-tribal relationships, Native language preservation and cultural maintenance, the definition of "Indian," appointment and status of the Director of the Office of Indian Education in the U.S. Department of Education, need for additional funding to BIA schools due to increasing student enrollments, eligibility of BIA schools for Chapter I funds, inability of tribal school boards to fire long-term BIA "status quo" employees at local schools, and needs for school construction and maintenance. An appendix contains additional materials on these topics as well as program descriptions, funding formulas, and information on the need for Indian Technical Assistance Centers. (SV) Y1 - 1994/05/04/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 04 SP - 145 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160461111 KW - Bureau of Indian Affairs Schools KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - Impact Aid KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Federal Aid KW - Educational Legislation KW - Educational Administration KW - Teacher Education KW - Bilingual Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Higher Education KW - Tribally Controlled Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Hearings KW - American Indian Education KW - Federal Indian Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62708311?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - The chart on page 139 contains filled-in type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Blue Ribbon Schools. Outstanding Practices in the Arts, 1989-90 and 1990-91. AN - 62812330; ED370878 AB - The Blue Ribbon Schools Program designated art as an area for special emphasis during 1989-90 and 1990-91, and the program identified 42 schools that were excellent overall and had exemplary programs in the arts. The schools shared the following characteristics: (1) a philosophy that holds arts education as a basic and necessary component of a balanced educational program for pre-kindergarten through grade 12 students; (2) a broad understanding of arts curricula and pedagogy that is matched with the highest quality instructors available; (3) a balance of art forms, including music, dance, drama, poetry, creative writing, and visual and media arts; (4) a realization that the arts need time, space, financial, and administrative support; (5) infusion of the arts in other parts of the curriculum; (6) a commitment to all students that ensures access to instruction in the basic art areas and provides differentiated levels of instruction; (7) parent involvement as volunteers, program designers, and fundraisers; and (8) a connection to the local arts community. Profiles of the 17 elementary schools and their arts programs and the 25 secondary schools and their arts programs highlight how these schools function in a variety of settings. (Author/CK) Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 69 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - PIP-94-1300 KW - Blue Ribbon Schools KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Integrated Curriculum KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Community Involvement KW - Art Education KW - Visual Arts KW - Demonstration Programs KW - Art Teachers KW - Art KW - Fine Arts KW - Program Evaluation KW - Interdisciplinary Approach UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62812330?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Characteristics of the 100 Largest Public Elementary and Secondary School Districts in the United States: 1991-92. AN - 62809424; ED372111 AB - This report provides basic descriptive information about the 100 largest school districts in the United States and its outlying areas. Almost one in four public school students in the country is served by one of these districts. Characteristics, which include average and median school size, pupil/teacher ratios, number of high school graduates, enrollment of special education students and minorities, and selected fiscal data, are presented in 10 basic tables. Preceding these are Tables A through C, which establish the context of education in these largest districts. Although these districts represent fewer than 1 percent of all school districts, they educate nearly 23 percent of students. Fifty of the 99 districts that report racial and ethnic information have more than 50 percent minority enrollment. These 100 largest districts employ nearly 23 percent of the nation's public school teachers and account for more than 19 percent of all public high school graduates. Appendix A lists the nation's 500 largest districts with some basic data, while Appendix B lists them alphabetically. Appendixes C and D are representations of the data collection instruments used in the Common Core of Data surveys on which this report is based. One map locates the 100 largest districts. (SLD) AU - Sietsema, John Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 58 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160431964 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Institutional Characteristics KW - High School Graduates KW - Special Education KW - School Demography KW - School Districts KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - School District Size KW - Public Schools KW - Minority Groups KW - Teacher Student Ratio KW - School District Wealth KW - Enrollment KW - Teachers KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62809424?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1990-91 report, see ED 359 226. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Adult Education: Employment-Related Training. National Household Education Survey. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62808891; ED371205 AB - Data from the 1991 National Household Education Survey, which was a random telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the 50 states and District of Columbia, were analyzed to identify patterns of adult enrollment in employment-related training. The analysis established that one of every three employed individuals aged 17 years or older was enrolled in at least one job-related training course during the 12 months prior to spring 1991. The most frequently attended types of training courses were as follows: professional development (25%), technical or skilled job training (20%), executive or management development (13%), supervisory skills (12%), job health and safety (12%), word processing/computer software and quality or statistical process control (10%), sales and marketing (8%), and new employee (7%). Managers and professionals accounted for 56% of adults enrolled in job-related training programs. Holders of a baccalaureate or higher degree constituted 53% of those undertaking work-related training. Men and women were equally likely to enroll in some type of work-related training and were most likely to do so between the ages of 35 and 44 years. White enrollment in professional development courses tended to be higher than Hispanic enrollment. (Contains 12 tables/figures.) (MN) AU - Kopka, Teresita L. AU - Peng, Samuel S. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 56 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-471 KW - National Household Education Survey KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Participation KW - Enrollment Trends KW - National Surveys KW - Enrollment Influences KW - Tables (Data) KW - Job Training KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62808891?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Putting the Information Infrastructure to Work. Report of the Information Infrastructure Task Force Committee on Applications and Technology. NIST Special Publication 857. AN - 62706763; ED385275 AB - An interconnection of computer networks, telecommunications services, and applications, the National Information Infrastructure (NII) can open up new vistas and profoundly change much of American life. This report explores some of the opportunities and obstacles to the use of the NII by people and organizations. The goal is to express how improvements in the technical foundation upon which all modern communications rests can benefit all Americans by focusing on the uses of the NII and the benefits to be derived by applications of advanced computing and communications technologies. This document describes how the evolving NII can: enhance the competitiveness of our manufacturing base; increase speed and efficiency of electronic commerce; improve health care delivery and control costs; promote development and accessibility of quality education and lifelong learning; improve effectiveness of environmental monitoring and assessing human impacts upon the earth; sustain the role of libraries as agents of democratic and equal access to information; and provide government services to the public faster, more responsively, and more efficiently. In addition to articulating a national vision that can serve as a framework for discussion and dialogue, a second goal is to improve public policy-making, to identify critical barriers, enablers, and the tools of government action most effective in each of these areas. In this way, the benefits of government activities in support of the NII can be maximized, while minimizing unintended or undesirable consequences. Several themes emerge: equity of access; pursuit of demonstrations and pilot projects; standards setting process; privacy and communications security; training and support; identification of long-term research and development priorities; and performance measurements to assess both public and private investments and experiments. It is hoped that careful consideration of the policy questions raised here will both facilitate the development of the NII and guide its evolution so that it best meets public purposes. (MAS) Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 118 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - National Information Infrastructure KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Computer Networks KW - Information Technology KW - Access to Information KW - Government Role KW - Policy Formation KW - Planning KW - Decision Making KW - Telecommunications KW - Information Networks KW - Users (Information) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62706763?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Libraries and the National Information Infrastructure: Proceedings of the Forum on Library and Information Services Policy (2nd, Washington, D.C., May 16-17, 1994). AN - 62687572; ED375859 AB - The 1994 Forum on Library and Information Services was planned to provide an opportunity to explore the role of libraries in the evolving information and communications infrastructure. This report on the proceedings of the Forum begins with the agenda and a list of the participants. Two roles of the Department of Education relating to libraries and the Internet/National Information Infrastructure (NII) are then examined. The next three sections are structured around: (1) the federal perspective; (2) the state, local, and institutional perspective; and (3) measuring the value of information services. Each session is divided into four parts: panel presentations with a moderator; discussants who offer comments on the panel presentations and the topic; open group discussion; and a summation to identify issues and needed actions. The report concludes with a review and evaluation of the forum highlighting implications of development and changes in library and information services for data collection and analyses, and a luncheon presentation on implementing the Institute for Postsecondary Education, Libraries, and Lifelong Education. Four appendices present a draft of a statement on libraries and the NII for public comment; descriptions of the Louisiana Libraries Network Project and the Blacksburg (Virginia) Electronic Village; and a summary of a current study of the costs and beneficial impacts of library functions. (JLB) Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 143 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160451795 KW - National Commission Libraries Information Science KW - National Information Infrastructure KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Access to Information KW - Government Role KW - National Programs KW - Library Services KW - Library Research KW - Internet KW - Library Role KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62687572?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Information Policy: The Information Superhighway and the National Information Infrastructure (NII) AN - 61592309; 199401276 AB - An explanatory overview of the principles, applications, regulations, & issues related to the National Information Infrastructure (NII), defined by the US government as "a seamless web of communications networks, computers, databases, & consumer electronics that will put vast amounts of information at users' fingertips." The NII principles, as identified by Vice President Al Gore, include promoting private sector investment, establishing universal access to information, promoting technological innovation, & ensuring information security. Noted are items of pending legislation on NII regulations & applications. 2 Tables. I. Shagrir JF - The Journal of Academic Librarianship AU - Griffith, Jane Bortnick AU - Smith, Marcia S AD - Congressional Research Service Library Congress, 10 First St SE Washington DC 20540-0001 Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 93 EP - 95 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0099-1333, 0099-1333 KW - National Information Infrastructure, principles/applications/regulations KW - Information Technology KW - Information Sources KW - Government Policy KW - Telecommunications KW - article KW - 7213: social planning/policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61592309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Academic+Librarianship&rft.atitle=Information+Policy%3A+The+Information+Superhighway+and+the+National+Information+Infrastructure+%28NII%29&rft.au=Griffith%2C+Jane+Bortnick%3BSmith%2C+Marcia+S&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+Academic+Librarianship&rft.issn=00991333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Information Technology; Information Sources; Telecommunications; Government Policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of the light field in highly turbid waters: A Monte Carlo study AN - 1827892483; PQ0003642439 AB - The nature of the light field in waters with very high ratios of scattering coefficient to absorption coefficient (b : a) has been explored by Monte Carlo modeling. The progressive change in the angular structure of the field at a specified optical depth (zm) as b: a increases up to an extreme value of 200 is illustrated in terms of the changes in average cosines attenuation coefficient for downward irradiance on absorption and scattering is satisfactorily represented by A nomnogram is presented, with the help of which the values of the absorption and scattering coefficients for highly turbid water bodies can be estimated from underwater irradiance data. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Kirk, John T0 AD - CSIRO Division of Plant Industry G.P.O. Box 1600 Canberra, A.C.T. 260 1, Australia. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 702 EP - 706 PB - Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Reflectance KW - Optical properties KW - Light fields KW - Statistical analysis KW - Limnology KW - Extreme values KW - Scattering coefficient KW - Light absorption KW - Underwater KW - Extinction coefficient KW - Absorption KW - Downward irradiance KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q1 08481:Productivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827892483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+the+light+field+in+highly+turbid+waters%3A+A+Monte+Carlo+study&rft.au=Kirk%2C+John+T0&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=702&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/10.4319%2Flo.1994.39.3.0702 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Light absorption; Reflectance; Extinction coefficient; Optical properties; Downward irradiance; Statistical analysis; Light fields; Extreme values; Scattering coefficient; Underwater; Absorption; Limnology; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1994.39.3.0702 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of Glucose Transport in the NIN 3T3 L1 Preadipocyte Cell Line by TCDD AN - 14345527; 10485644 AB - Intracellular radioactivity in the NIH 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cell lie was quantified after incubation with a non-metabolizable radioactive analogue of glucose in order to assess changes in cellular glucose uptake induced by TCDD. A time- and dose-dependent decline in cellular uptake of glucose was observed after treatment of differentiated cells. The portion of glucose transport activity sensitive to TCDD was eradicated by exposure to cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of facilitative glucose transporter proteins. Data are consistent with a proposed route for TCDD to reduce the titer of functional glucose transporter proteins through its interaction with the Ah receptor. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Olsen, Hugh AU - Enan, Essam AU - Matsumura, Fumio Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 454 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXINS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14345527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+Glucose+Transport+in+the+NIN+3T3+L1+Preadipocyte+Cell+Line+by+TCDD&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Hugh%3BEnan%2C+Essam%3BMatsumura%2C+Fumio&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXINS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective Retention of Hydroxylated PCB Metabolites in Blood AN - 14341302; 10485646 AB - The hydroxylated PCB metabolite retention pattern was studied in blood of rats at three intervals after an oral Aroclor 1254 dose. Human plasma and Baltic grey seal blood samples were also assayed for these metabolites. The few metabolites detected in samples were dominated by 4-hydroxylated-2,3,5,3',4'-PCB and 4-hydroxylated-2,3,5,6,2',4',5'-heptachlorobiphenyl. Hydroxylated PCB concentrations in samples were almost in the range as the most persistent PCB congeners for humans and seals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bergman, Ake AU - Klasson-Wehler, Eva AU - Kuroki, Hiroaki Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 464 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - BLOOD ANALYSIS KW - SPECIES COMPARISONS KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14341302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Selective+Retention+of+Hydroxylated+PCB+Metabolites+in+Blood&rft.au=Bergman%2C+Ake%3BKlasson-Wehler%2C+Eva%3BKuroki%2C+Hiroaki&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Ake&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL; BLOOD ANALYSIS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; SPECIES COMPARISONS; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Light-Mediated Conversion of Nitrogen Dioxide to Nitric Oxide by Carotenoids AN - 14341255; 10485645 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cooney, Robert V AU - Harwood, Patricia J AU - Custer, Laurie J AU - Franke, Adrian A Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 460 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - NITROGEN DIOXIDE KW - PHOTOSYNTHESIS KW - PATHOLOGY, PLANT KW - NITRIC OXIDE KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14341255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Light-Mediated+Conversion+of+Nitrogen+Dioxide+to+Nitric+Oxide+by+Carotenoids&rft.au=Cooney%2C+Robert+V%3BHarwood%2C+Patricia+J%3BCuster%2C+Laurie+J%3BFranke%2C+Adrian+A&rft.aulast=Cooney&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; PATHOLOGY, PLANT; NITRIC OXIDE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Possible Risk of Endometriosis for Seveso, Italy, Residents: an Assessment of Exposure to Dioxin AN - 14336215; 10485648 AB - Research has demonstrated an increased incidence of endometriosis in rhesus monkeys exposed to 5 or 25 ppt dioxin/d in food for 4 yr. A similar total time-integrated dioxin exposure of a human populatin was sought by examination of some Seveso, Italy, residents who were acutely exposed to dioxins following a chemical plant accident in 1976. The area under the time-concentration curve for dioxin in fat ranged from 1.7 million to 1.1 trillion ppt-d for the most heavily exposed subjects. These total exposures greatly exceed those sustained by laboratory monkeys and should render the Seveso population an ideal cohort to rule out or confirm whether exposure to dioxin leads to an increased risk of endometriosis. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bois, Frederic Y AU - Eskenzai, Brenda Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 476 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN KW - TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXINS KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - SPECIES COMPARISONS KW - CONTAMINATION INCIDENTS KW - ITALY KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14336215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Possible+Risk+of+Endometriosis+for+Seveso%2C+Italy%2C+Residents%3A+an+Assessment+of+Exposure+to+Dioxin&rft.au=Bois%2C+Frederic+Y%3BEskenzai%2C+Brenda&rft.aulast=Bois&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 2 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; SPECIES COMPARISONS; CONTAMINATION INCIDENTS; ITALY; BIOACCUMULATION, HUMAN; TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXINS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Approach to Detecting Delayed Effects of Radioactive Contamination on Industrial-Urban Area Dwellers AN - 14336171; 10485647 AB - Human health impacts linked to delayed effects from a 1957 nuclear accident that contaminated the Urals region of Russia were studied. Health data were accumulated for a group of residents living continuously in the contaminated area and for a group in the same area exposed to similar levels of chemical pollution but lower radioactive contamination. The health status of the population from the area tainted by radioactive fallout was adversely affected by radiation. Highly exposed residents had increased concentrations of circulating immune complexes in blood as well as increased blood sedimentation rates. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Privalova, Larissa I AU - Katsnelson, Boris A AU - Polzik, Eugene V AU - Kazantsev, Vladimir S AU - Lipatov, Georgy Y AU - Beikin, Yakov B Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 470 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION INCIDENTS KW - IMMUNE RESPONSE KW - BLOOD ANALYSIS KW - RUSSIA KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14336171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=An+Approach+to+Detecting+Delayed+Effects+of+Radioactive+Contamination+on+Industrial-Urban+Area+Dwellers&rft.au=Privalova%2C+Larissa+I%3BKatsnelson%2C+Boris+A%3BPolzik%2C+Eugene+V%3BKazantsev%2C+Vladimir+S%3BLipatov%2C+Georgy+Y%3BBeikin%2C+Yakov+B&rft.aulast=Privalova&rft.aufirst=Larissa&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BLOOD ANALYSIS; RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION INCIDENTS; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN; RUSSIA; NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS; IMMUNE RESPONSE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Air Contaminants Formed by the Interaction of Lava and Sea Water AN - 14333698; 10485649 AB - Air contaminants formed when basaltic lava from Kilauea Volcano, HI, contacts seawater were characterized. Large clouds of mist formed by such interaction can drift toward inhabited areas, prompting health concerns. The mist contained quantifiable levels of hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, concentrations of which were greatest in dense plumes near the coast. HCL levels near the sea averaged 7.1 ppm, exceeding the 5 ppm occupational exposure limit; all HF concentrations were below 1 ppm. Sulfur dioxide was measured in one of four short-term samples at about 1.5 ppm and crystalline silica levels were below detectable limits. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kullman, Gregory John AU - Jones, William Gale AU - Cornwell, Ronnie James AU - Parker, John Eugene Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 478 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - HAWAII KW - AIR POLLUTION, NATURAL KW - AIR POLLUTION INDICATORS KW - PARTICULATES KW - SEAWATER KW - VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS KW - HYDROCHLORIC ACID KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14333698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Air+Contaminants+Formed+by+the+Interaction+of+Lava+and+Sea+Water&rft.au=Kullman%2C+Gregory+John%3BJones%2C+William+Gale%3BCornwell%2C+Ronnie+James%3BParker%2C+John+Eugene&rft.aulast=Kullman&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=478&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - HAWAII; SEAWATER; AIR POLLUTION, NATURAL; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS; AIR POLLUTION INDICATORS; PARTICULATES ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on the Reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62718019; ED378742 AB - This Congressional hearing on the reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was held to define the necessary elements and supports that must be in place in order to make inclusion work successfully for students with disabilities, parents, and teachers. It contains statements and supplemental materials from: (1) Congressional representatives, including Cass Ballenger (North Carolina) and Major Owens (New York); (2) the General Accounting Office; (3) educators, including Barbara Bateman, Daniel P. Hallahan, James M. Kauffman, and Patrick Schwarz; (4) private organizations, including Action for Children to Insure Options Now, American Association of University Affiliated Programs for Persons with Developmental Disabilities, National Education Association, Council for Exceptional Children, National Association of Private Schools for Exceptional Children, American Society for Deaf Children, American Federation of Teachers, and National Association of State Boards of Education; (5) parents, including Lyda L. Astrove, Jill R. Barker, Carlos A. Oberti, and Valerie J. Veltman; and (6) an individual with a disability, Roberta Gallant. (JDD) Y1 - 1994/04/28/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 28 SP - 218 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160461138 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Inclusive Schools KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Legislation KW - Disabilities KW - Hearings KW - Mainstreaming KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Regular and Special Education Relationship KW - Student Placement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62718019?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-91. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Human Services Amendments of 1994. Report Together with Minority and Additional Views. To Accompany H.R. 4250. House of Representatives, 103rd Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62815599; ED371861 AB - This report presents amendments to H.R. 4250, a bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal years 1995 through 1998 to carry out the Head Start Act, the Community Services Block Grant Act, the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act, and the newly enacted Family Resource and Support Act. The text of the amendments themselves, as well as the complete text of the existing laws as currently amended, are included. Amendments to the Head Start Act address: (1) appropriations; (2) program expansion; (3) parent participation; (4) outcomes measures; (5) quality improvement; (6) Indian Head Start programs; and (7) staff training. Amendments to the Community Services Block Grant Act address appropriations, accountability, discretionary programs, the National Youth Sports Program, and the Community Food and Nutrition Program. Amendments to the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act deal with appropriations, contingency funding, reporting requirements, and vendor payments. The purpose of the new Family Resource and Support Act is to promote organization of state and local funding for family support programs. The report also presents the minority Republican view on these amendments. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/04/26/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 26 SP - 161 KW - Amendments KW - Community Services Block Grant Act KW - Congress 103rd KW - Family Resource and Support Programs KW - Low Income Home Energy Assistance Act 1981 KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Financial Support KW - Federal Legislation KW - Preschool Education KW - Family Programs KW - Community Programs KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Program Evaluation KW - Block Grants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62815599?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The National Environmental Education Act. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62704727; ED378059 AB - This publication contains records of an oversight hearing on the National Environmental Education Act in which activities carried out under the Act since its signing were reviewed. The following witnesses addressed the hearing held on April 21, 1994: David B. Rockland, National Environmental Education and Training Foundation; Dr. Paul F. Nowak, Director, National Consortium for Environmental Education and Training; Judy Braus, Board Member, North American Association for Environmental Education; Loretta A. Ucelli, Associate Administrator, Office of Communication, Education and Public Affairs, Environmental Protection Agency; Jayni Chase, Founder, Center for Environmental Education; and Marietta J. Sutter, Coordinator, Project Green Reach. Each representative outlined his/her organization's activities and made suggestions for improvement of the Act. Suggested improvements ranged from reallocation of funding to increased cooperation between governmental agencies carrying out environmental education efforts. (LZ) Y1 - 1994/04/21/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 21 SP - 182 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016046109X KW - Congress 103rd KW - National Environmental Education Act 1990 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Federal Legislation KW - Environmental Education KW - Federal Programs KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62704727?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-90. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994. Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2884. House of Representatives, 103D Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62798634; ED369924 AB - This conference report outlines the proposed House of Representatives and Senate compromise regarding disputed provisions in the proposed School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994. First, Congress' findings regarding the education needs of noncollege-bound students, youth employment, work-based learning, and educational attainment in the United States are summarized. Next, the major purposes of the proposed School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994 and Congress' intent in passing it are outlined, and pertinent definitions are presented. The remainder of the report consists of the proposed compromise text of titles I-VII of the act, which deal with the following: School-to-Work Opportunities basic program components, system development and implementation grants to the states, federal implementation grants to local partnerships, national programs, waiver of statutory and regulatory requirements, general provisions, other programs, and technical provisions. (MN) Y1 - 1994/04/19/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 19 SP - 65 KW - Congress 103rd KW - School to Work Opportunities Act 1994 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Noncollege Bound Students KW - Educational Legislation KW - Grants KW - Youth Programs KW - Career Guidance KW - Educational Needs KW - Secondary Education KW - Work Experience Programs KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Career Counseling KW - Federal Legislation KW - Articulation (Education) KW - Educational Opportunities KW - Transitional Programs KW - Program Implementation KW - Youth Employment KW - Program Development KW - Vocational Education KW - State Federal Aid KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62798634?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Program: Views from Participants and State Administrators. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives. One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62697096; ED374315 AB - This document records the oral and written testimony of persons who testified before or prepared reports for a Congressional hearing on the usefulness of the JOBS (Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Program). Witnesses included persons who had participated in the programs as well as state and local administrators of JOBS programs, national organizations, and Congressional representatives. Testimony showed that the JOBS program had produced some useful results in training and placing people in jobs. Witnesses stressed that such efforts were successful only when they provided child care and job placement, especially if attention was paid to the types of jobs in which people were placed. Witnesses stressed the importance of the Earned Income Tax Credit and the need to pass some type of health care legislation for the working poor so that they are better off working than being on welfare. Problems with the JOBS program included the following: lack of money, resulting in long waiting lists; emphasis on participation rather than on outcomes; and lack of good of jobs available for people who were trained. (KC) Y1 - 1994/04/19/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 19 SP - 107 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160446538 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Program KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Program Improvement KW - High School Equivalency Programs KW - Program Implementation KW - Federal Programs KW - Welfare Recipients KW - Working Poor KW - Job Training KW - Employment Programs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62697096?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-66. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Libraries and Their Role in the Information Infrastructure. Hearing on Examining the Role of Libraries in Developing America's New Information Infrastructure, before the Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62693614; ED373800 AB - The purpose of this congressional hearing was to determine how libraries fit into the emerging national information infrastructure (NII). Testimony and prepared statements include those from Howard F. McGinn, Director, Emporia Public Library, Emporia, Kansas; James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress, Library of Congress, Washington D.C., accompanied by Nat Gadson, Donald Hiller, Betsy Miller, and Rubin Medina; Hardy R. Franklin, President, American Library Association, and Director, Washington, D.C. Public Library; Agnes M. Griffen, Montgomery County Public Library, Rockville, Maryland; James Ubel, Director, Shawnee Library System, Carterville, Illinois; Grant P. Thompson, Executive Director, Libraries for the Future, New York, New York; Donald Pascarella, General Manager, Harron Communications, Frazer, Pennsylvania; James S. Fogarty, Director of Curriculum and Technology, Project Consultant to Commonwealth Libraries, Schuylkill Intermediate Unit, Mar Lin, Pennsylvania; Beverly Choltco-Devlin, Director, Morrisville Public Library, Morrisville, New York; and Jeanne H. Simon, Chairperson, U.S. National Commission on Libraries and Information Science. (JLB) Y1 - 1994/04/19/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 19 SP - 100 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160444659 KW - National Information Infrastructure KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Information Technology KW - Access to Information KW - Information Dissemination KW - Hearings KW - Public Libraries KW - Government Publications KW - Telecommunications KW - Internet KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62693614?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Human Services Reauthorization Act of 1994. Report from the Committee on Labor and Human Resources To Accompany S. 2000. Senate, 103D Congress, 2d Session (April 11, 1994). AN - 62690844; ED375951 AB - This Senate report delivered by Mr. Kennedy describes elements of the Human Services Reauthorization (HSR) Act of 1994. It provides: (1) a summary of the bill which reauthorizes funding for Head Start, the Community Services Block Grant, the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program, and the Family Resource Program for fiscal years 1995 through 1998 (1999 in the case of the Energy Assistance Program); (2) background information on the programs funded by the HSR Act, and the continuing need for such programs; (3) a brief history of the 1994 reauthorization legislation; (4) an explanation of the bill and committee views on allocation of funds, performance standards, outcome measures, monitoring, quality improvement, eligibility, facilities, and service delivery; (5) program cost estimates; (6) regulatory impact; (7) section-by-section analysis of the HSR Act's modifications to existing legislation; (8) committee action on the bill; and (9) the text of the statutes to be amended or replaced by the HSR Act. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/04/19/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 19 SP - 126 KW - Community Services Block Grant Act KW - Congress 103rd KW - Family Resource and Support Programs KW - Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program KW - Project Head Start KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Low Income Groups KW - Human Services KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Preschool Education KW - Family Programs KW - Block Grants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62690844?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Field Hearing on Reauthorization of the Head Start Act. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session (Louisville, Kentucky, April 15, 1994). AN - 62710200; ED374900 AB - These hearing transcripts present testimony concerning the reauthorization of the Head Start Act taken at the 1994 National Head Start Conference. Much of the testimony was from Head Start administrators concerning the efficacy of specific programs and activities funded by the Head Start Act, particularly those which they would like to see expanded or improved. Presented is testimony by (1) California Representative Matthew Martinez; (2) two Head Start parents; (3) four Head Start regional directors; (4) the president of the South Carolina Head Start Association; (5) two directors of local Head Start programs; (6) two members of the National Migrant Head Start Program; (7) the president of the Indian Head Start Association; (8) the vice-president of the National Head Start Association; (9) the curriculum director of the Early Childhood Professional Development Network; and (10) a member of the Head Start Collaboration Project in Ohio. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/04/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 15 SP - 95 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016044652X KW - Congress 103rd KW - Project Head Start KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Administrators KW - Federal Aid KW - Preschool Education KW - Federal Programs KW - Program Development KW - Hearings KW - Parents KW - Educational Attitudes KW - Staff Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62710200?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-68. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on the Reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62707447; ED377650 AB - This transcript presents testimony given at a House of Representatives committee hearing on the reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Included is the text of an amendment, the Braille Literacy Amendment, which is intended to improve the literacy rate among children with visual impairments. This amendment calls for an individual assessment of each student's literacy skills, establishes teacher competency standards for Braille instruction, and facilitates the production of Braille and digital texts and other materials. Other issues addressed in the hearing include needs of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, issues concerned with the inclusion of students with disabilities in regular classes, personnel development, and discipline of students with disabilities. Organizations represented by statements either delivered or prepared include the American Association of School Administrators, National Association of State Directors of Special Education, and the National School Boards Association. Congressmen involved in the hearing included: Major R. Owens (New York); James A. Traficant, Jr. (Ohio); Charlie Rose (North Carolina); Robert C. Scott (Virginia); and Cliff Stearns (Florida). (DB) Y1 - 1994/04/14/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 14 SP - 152 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016045994X KW - Congress 103rd KW - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Inclusive Schools KW - Educational Legislation KW - Student Rights KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Blindness KW - Discipline KW - Staff Development KW - Braille KW - Federal Legislation KW - Disabilities KW - Opinions KW - Hearings KW - Attention Deficit Disorders KW - Literacy KW - Hyperactivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62707447?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-86. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - "Recalibrating" the Auditory System: The Perception of Loudness AN - 85600301; 9507168 AB - Regarding the adjustment or "recalibration" made by perceptual systems for relative suprathreshold sensitivity in response to transient stimuli in conditions in which sensory adaptation is not expected, the predicted underlying mechanisms of recalibration were compared between direct comparison & scaling procedures. It was predicted that when frequency one (f1) & two (f2) become perceptually indistinguishable, matching sound pressure levels (SPLs) should no longer be affected by shifting of the stimuli set. After establishing, in experiment 1 (N = 16), that a similar estimation bandwidth characterizes the recalibration prompted by direct loudness comparison, experiments 2-7 (total N = 96) were concerned with how bandwidth & extent of recalibration depend on the range of SPLs, their absolute levels, & the psychological paradigm. Two main experimental conditions used in the experiments were varied by direct comparison or magnitude estimation, frequency, decibel range, & stimuli type. Based on the experimental observations, recalibration measures are explained as occasioned when f1 & F2 differ sufficiently & the loudness matches change substantially, given a shift in the mean SPLs at the two frequencies. 1 Table, 10 Figures, 33 References. L. Borgen JF - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance AU - Marks, Lawrence E AD - John B. Pierce Laboratory, 290 Congress Ave New Haven CT 06519 Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 382 EP - 396 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0096-1523, 0096-1523 KW - perceptual systems' recalibration, direct comparison/scaling procedures underlying mechanisms comparison KW - experiments KW - Auditory Thresholds (06150) KW - Auditory System (06100) KW - Intensity (Acoustics) (36650) KW - Auditory Perception (05800) KW - article KW - 4017: psycholinguistics; psychoacoustics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85600301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Allba&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology%3A+Human+Perception+and+Performance&rft.atitle=%22Recalibrating%22+the+Auditory+System%3A+The+Perception+of+Loudness&rft.au=Marks%2C+Lawrence+E&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology%3A+Human+Perception+and+Performance&rft.issn=00961523&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - JPHPDH N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Auditory Thresholds (06150); Auditory Perception (05800); Auditory System (06100); Intensity (Acoustics) (36650) ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Education Research and Reform: An International Perspective. AN - 62812405; ED370880 AB - The role of governments in the operation of education research and development systems is under critical scrutiny throughout the developed world. The introductory chapter presents the main themes of a seminar held in 1992 and outlines challenges for further work. The next 10 chapters focus on education research and development issues: (1) "Educational Research Policy in the United States: Background and Overview for the Joint OERI/OECD Seminar" (Tommy M. Tomlinson); (2) "Trends, Issues and Problems in Educational Research in a Group of OECD Countries" (Desmond L. Nuttall); (3) "The OERI/CERI Seminar on Educational Research and Development: A Synthesis and Commentary" (Michael Huberman); (4) "Research and Education Reform: A Study of the Federal Role in United States' Education Research and Development" (Katherine Bick; Gregg B. Jackson); (5) "Changes in the Relationship between Educational Research and Policy: The Case of the Netherlands" (Paul M. M. van Oijen); (6) "Teachers as Critical Consumers of Research" (Michael G. Fullan); (7) "Near the Chalk Face: New Approaches to Research for Education Renovation" (Bob W. Connell); (8) "Uniting Producers and Consumers: Challenges in Creating and Utilizing Educational Research and Development" (Susan H. Fuhrman); (9) "In Search of New Structures and Procedures for Organizing Government Funded Education Research and Development" (Thomas K. Glennan, Jr.); and (10) "Afterwards: Research and Reform in the United States" (Tommy M. Tomlinson). Biographies of the 11 authors follow the articles. (CK) AU - Tomlinson, Tommy M. AU - Tuijnman, Albert C. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 185 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - PIP-94-1504 KW - Reform Efforts KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Systems Development KW - Systems Approach KW - Government Role KW - Research and Development KW - International Education KW - Systems Analysis KW - International Organizations KW - Institutional Role KW - Educational Development KW - Educational Change KW - Organizational Effectiveness KW - Global Approach KW - Educational Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62812405?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Identifying Outstanding Talent in American Indian and Alaska Native Students. AN - 62806430; ED367127 AB - This report reviews and synthesizes the most promising practices used to identify exceptionally talented students from the Native American population. Preliminary information includes an Indian Student Bill of Rights, discussion of the problem of talent identification, and discussion of special issues including diversity within the Native American population and cultural assimilation versus accommodation. Eight principles of identification are then presented. These include, among others, using assessments that go beyond a narrow conception of talent; using appropriate instruments with underserved populations; and using a multiple-measure/multiple-criteria approach to identification. Specific practices are then considered, which address: balancing the ideal and the practical; deciding on a concept of talent; recognizing the issues of a particular school; identifying traits that may influence manifestations of talent; recognizing behaviors that distinguish some Native American students from the general population; looking for manifestations of talent potential, alternative behaviors, situations, and interpretations; selecting and constructing appropriate assessment tools; and using the collected student data to make decisions. Recommendations address technical assistance, professional development, assessment portfolios, experimental programs, and program funding. Five appendices include technical information concerning evaluation measures, two sample case studies, and a list of assessment instruments. (Contains 77 references.) (DB) AU - Callahan, Carolyn M. AU - McIntire, Jay A. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 93 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160431506 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Administrators KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Decision Making KW - Psychometrics KW - American Indians KW - Student Placement KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Cultural Influences KW - Educational Practices KW - Culture Fair Tests KW - Ability Identification KW - Cultural Differences KW - Gifted KW - Talent KW - Student Evaluation KW - Alaska Natives KW - Talent Identification KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62806430?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Group Work Programs in Public Schools: Ethical Dilemmas and Cultural Diversity AN - 61649467; 199400650 AB - Describes the development of a social work program using groupwork as the primary practice method to meet the needs of the increasing number of immigrant children at a large urban public elementary school. Immigrant children often experience feelings of loss, depression, & alienation when adjusting to new communities, new social customs, & public schools. Ethical questions & dilemmas in groupwork included issues of self-determination, informed consent, & confidentiality. Practitioners were forced to confront culturally sensitive issues when developing empathy, building rapport, contracting, handling authority, & assuming an appropriate professional role. Case examples yield recommendations to improve ethical & culturally sensitive social work practice in the public school setting. 25 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Work in Education AU - Congress, Elaine P AU - Lynn, Maxine AD - Graduate School Social Service Fordham U, New York NY 10023 Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 107 EP - 114 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0162-7961, 0162-7961 KW - immigrant children, groupwork program, urban public elementary school, ethical dilemmas KW - case examples KW - Professional Ethics KW - Public Schools KW - Social Workers KW - Urban Areas KW - Immigrants KW - Group Work KW - Role Conflict KW - Children KW - Elementary Schools KW - article KW - 6148: social welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61649467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Work+in+Education&rft.atitle=Group+Work+Programs+in+Public+Schools%3A+Ethical+Dilemmas+and+Cultural+Diversity&rft.au=Congress%2C+Elaine+P%3BLynn%2C+Maxine&rft.aulast=Congress&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Work+in+Education&rft.issn=01627961&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Children; Immigrants; Group Work; Public Schools; Elementary Schools; Urban Areas; Professional Ethics; Role Conflict; Social Workers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breast-Feeding and Child Survival in Matlab, Bangladesh AN - 61578566; 199503870 AB - Uses longitudinal data collected from 149 villages in Matlab, Bangladesh, to investigate the effect of both total & unsupplemented breast feeding in conjunction with birth interval on early childhood mortality. A discrete hazard model approach shows that it is not the duration of total breast feeding but the duration of unsupplemented breast feeding that increases child survival. Unsupplemented breast feeding appears as such a crucial determinant of early childhood mortality that its effect could not be substantially attenuated even when important demographic & socioeconomic factors were controlled. Each of the covariates -- supplementation, previous birth interval, & onset of a subsequent conception -- has an independent influence on early childhood mortality. 5 Tables, 23 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Biosocial Science AU - Shahidullah, M AD - International Centre Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128 Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 143 EP - 154 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9320, 0021-9320 KW - early childhood mortality KW - breast feeding/birth interval KW - longitudinal data KW - Matlab, Bangladesh KW - Child Mortality KW - Breast Feeding KW - Bangladesh KW - article KW - 8380: social development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61578566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biosocial+Science&rft.atitle=Breast-Feeding+and+Child+Survival+in+Matlab%2C+Bangladesh&rft.au=Shahidullah%2C+M&rft.aulast=Shahidullah&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biosocial+Science&rft.issn=00219320&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Child Mortality; Breast Feeding; Bangladesh ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Chiefs of state and cabinet members of foreign governments: a directory T2 - LDA CS 94-004 AN - 59644827; 1994-0512747 AB - Issued bimonthly. JF - National Technical Information Service; Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540, April 1994. iv+122 pp. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 EP - iv+122 PB - National Technical Information Service; Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540 KW - Heads of state KW - Cabinet officers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59644827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Chiefs+of+state+and+cabinet+members+of+foreign+governments%3A+a+directory&rft.title=Chiefs+of+state+and+cabinet+members+of+foreign+governments%3A+a+directory&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540; Nat Tech Info Service pa N1 - Document feature - index(es) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - China's economic dilemmas in the 1990s: the problems of reforms, modernization, and interdependence AN - 38873062; 1496863 JF - China review international AU - Eggleston, Karen AU - Eggleston, Karen Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - Apr 1994 SP - 82 EP - 83 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1069-5834, 1069-5834 KW - Economics KW - Modernization KW - China KW - Economic reform UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38873062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+review+international&rft.atitle=China%27s+economic+dilemmas+in+the+1990s%3A+the+problems+of+reforms%2C+modernization%2C+and+interdependence&rft.au=Eggleston%2C+Karen&rft.aulast=Eggleston&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=China+review+international&rft.issn=10695834&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 3989 10691; 8179; 93 116 30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic Risk Assessment AN - 14344958; 10484255 AB - EPA established a cancer slope factor to estimate carcinogenic potency for arsenic in 1988, which was based on an ecological epidemiology study in Taiwan. The cancer slope factor assumes a linear doseresponse relationship, not considering increasing evidence of a sublinear doseresponse relationship for low As doses. EPA is currently reviewing the issue of lowering the maximum contaminant level from the current 50 mu g/l by examining literature studies. Two of these studies, which consider the methylation threshold and resulting internal cancers, are critically reviewed. The deficiencies in the reports are discussed. It is argued that mechanistic or more refined epidemiological studies are needed to assess the possible relationship between internal cancers and As ingestion, and that future risk assessments for As consider a sublinear As-induced cancer doseresponse relationship. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Carlson-Lynch, Heather AU - Beck, Barbara D AU - Boardman, Pamela D Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - Apr 1994 SP - 354 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CANCER RISK KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - ARSENIC KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14344958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Arsenic+Risk+Assessment&rft.au=Carlson-Lynch%2C+Heather%3BBeck%2C+Barbara+D%3BBoardman%2C+Pamela+D&rft.aulast=Carlson-Lynch&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 21 |t References N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CANCER RISK; DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN; ARSENIC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of Lead Exposure in Mexico City AN - 14339119; 10484258 AB - An array of environmental samples were collected in Mexico City and examined as possible sources of lead contamination. In addition, blood Pb levels of school children were examined. Data are presented on Pb contamination of air samples, Pb-based paints and pigments used by children, Pb-glazed ceramics used to cook and store food, Pb-soldered cans used for processed foods, drinking-water samples, cigarettes, cosmetics, and traditional medicine. The results indicate a serious Pb-contamination problem in the city, despite efforts by the government to limit Pb exposure. Blood Pb levels are significantly higher in city residents than in those from rural areas. The major factors positively associated with elevated blood Pb levels are: the use of Pb-gazed ceramics to prepare food, higher automobile traffic, and biting colored pencils. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Romieu, Isabelle AU - Palazuelos, Eduardo AU - Avila, Mauricio Hernandez AU - Rios, Camilo AU - Munoz, Ilda AU - Jimenez, Carlos AU - Cahero, Gisela Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - Apr 1994 SP - 384 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - METAL CONTAMINATION KW - MEXICO KW - BLOOD LEAD LEVEL KW - SOURCE MEASUREMENT KW - LEAD KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14339119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Sources+of+Lead+Exposure+in+Mexico+City&rft.au=Romieu%2C+Isabelle%3BPalazuelos%2C+Eduardo%3BAvila%2C+Mauricio+Hernandez%3BRios%2C+Camilo%3BMunoz%2C+Ilda%3BJimenez%2C+Carlos%3BCahero%2C+Gisela&rft.aulast=Romieu&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - METAL CONTAMINATION; MEXICO; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL; SOURCE MEASUREMENT; LEAD ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Pesticides Endosulfan, Toxaphene, and Dieldrin Have Estrogenic Effects on Human Estrogen-Sensitive Cells AN - 14338522; 10484257 AB - The E-screen test, which measures the proliferative effect of estrogens on human breast-cancer cells, was used to assess the effects of endosulfan, toxaphene, dieldrin, DDT, and chlordecone on estrogenic activity. The estrogenic activity of the pesticides was assessed by determining the ratio between the minimal concentration of estradiol needed for maximal cell yield at 6 d and the dose of the pesticide to achieve a comparable proliferative effect. All results were compared to DDT and chlordecone, which have exhibited well-documented estrogenic effects. Results indicated that the estrogenic effects of dieldrin, toxaphene, and endosulfan are comparable to that of DDT and chlordecone, and six orders of magnitude lower than that of estradiol. In combination, the pesticides proved to be even more potent than when they were administered alone. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Soto, Ana M AU - Chung, Kerrie L AU - Sonnenschein, Carlos Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - Apr 1994 SP - 380 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOASSAY KW - PESTICIDE DAMAGE KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - DIELDRIN KW - TOXAPHENE KW - ENDOSULFAN KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14338522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Pesticides+Endosulfan%2C+Toxaphene%2C+and+Dieldrin+Have+Estrogenic+Effects+on+Human+Estrogen-Sensitive+Cells&rft.au=Soto%2C+Ana+M%3BChung%2C+Kerrie+L%3BSonnenschein%2C+Carlos&rft.aulast=Soto&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PESTICIDE DAMAGE; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN; BIOASSAY; TOXAPHENE; DIELDRIN; ENDOSULFAN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute Silica Toxicity: Attenuation by Amiodarone-Induced Pulmonary Phospholipidosis AN - 14336876; 10484256 AB - The drug amiodarone, which leads initially to a pulmonary response characterized by the development of phospholipidosis, has been approved for treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, phospholipids in the lungs have been shown to reduce the toxicity of inhaled toxic silica dust. Male Fischer 344 rats were used to induce pulmonary phospholipidosis using amiodarone, and the effect of the phospholipids in mediating a challenge with silica dust was investigated. The experimental protocol is described. Compared to control animals, treatment with amiodarone resulted in an increase in phospholipid content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and alveolar macrophages. Following exposure to silica, the pulmonary phospholipidosis was clearly associated with a marked reduction in acute silica-induced pulmonary damage. In a subsequent in vitro study using alveolar macrophage cells, phospholipidotic alveolar macrophages were much more resistant to the cytotoxicity of surfactant-coated silica compared to control alveolar macrophages. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Antonini, James M AU - McCloud, Christy M AU - Reasor, Mark J Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - Apr 1994 SP - 372 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CYTOTOXICITY KW - DRUGS KW - SILICON KW - PULMONARY DISORDERS KW - RESPIRABLE DUST KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14336876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Acute+Silica+Toxicity%3A+Attenuation+by+Amiodarone-Induced+Pulmonary+Phospholipidosis&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M%3BMcCloud%2C+Christy+M%3BReasor%2C+Mark+J&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 12 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CYTOTOXICITY; DRUGS; SILICON; PULMONARY DISORDERS; RESPIRABLE DUST ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishing Generic Remediation Goals for the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Critical Issues AN - 14333280; 10484254 AB - The remediation goals established by many state regulatory agencies for PAHs in soil are often exceeded, which diminishes the overall effectiveness of the goals. A better understanding of the health risks of PAH exposure is needed to determine whether the stated risks are over- or underestimated. The factors that affect the uncertainty of exposure estimates are discussed in terms of soil remediation efforts at hazardous waste sites. Areas considered include the carcinogenic potency of PAH mixture, the inability of EPA analytical methods to account for unreported PAHs in environmental samples, and bioavailability. A preliminary analysis of site-of-contact risks suggests that generic remediation goals for carcinogenic PAHs may be close to 0.001 mg/kg, which is well below even rural background PAH levels. It is recommended that the establishment of cleanup criteria for PAH-contaminated sites be based on both practicality and risk, which have been used for years to establish goals for radionuclides. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - LaGoy, Peter K AU - Quirk, Tamsen C Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - Apr 1994 SP - 348 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - SOIL CONTAMINATION KW - WASTE SITE REMEDIATION KW - POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14333280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Establishing+Generic+Remediation+Goals+for+the+Polycyclic+Aromatic+Hydrocarbons%3A+Critical+Issues&rft.au=LaGoy%2C+Peter+K%3BQuirk%2C+Tamsen+C&rft.aulast=LaGoy&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; SOIL CONTAMINATION; WASTE SITE REMEDIATION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Risk Factors for Osteoporosis AN - 14332997; 10484259 AB - At a recent NIEHS conference, the risk factors for osteoporosis were reviewed, and efforts were made to identify gaps in current and future research. The environmental risk factors debated included lead, for which bone is a target tissue, cadmium, aluminum, and fluoride. Study results indicate a strong link between Pb exposure and osteoporosis. Cadmium exposure has been shown to affect calcium metabolism in the kidneys, which can result in small increases in urinary Ca excretion. The effects of Cd can be mediated by increasing the circulating levels of calciotropic hormones. The results from limited studies on the relationship between Al and bone disease have been inconclusive, but some data suggest that aplastic bone disease may be related to an Al-mediated decrease in parathyroid hormone levels. Fluoride has not been linked to increases in bone fractures. Exposure to environmental estrogens at an early age may increase the changes of osteoporosis in older women. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Goyer, R A AU - Epstein, S AU - Bhattacharyya, M AU - Korach, K S AU - Pounds, J Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - Apr 1994 SP - 390 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BONE DISORDERS KW - CADMIUM KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - LEAD KW - ALUMINUM KW - FLUORIDES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14332997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Risk+Factors+for+Osteoporosis&rft.au=Goyer%2C+R+A%3BEpstein%2C+S%3BBhattacharyya%2C+M%3BKorach%2C+K+S%3BPounds%2C+J&rft.aulast=Goyer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; BONE DISORDERS; ALUMINUM; LEAD; CADMIUM; FLUORIDES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Vampire Project: An Aboriginal Perspective AN - 1311170211 AB - A number of issues must be resolved before Aboriginal communities participate in the Human Genome Diversity Project. JF - Search Y1 - 1994/04/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 01 SP - 88 CY - Sydney, N.S.W. PB - Australian & New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science, ANZAAS. VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0004-9549 KW - Social Sciences (General) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1311170211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apio&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Search&rft.atitle=The+Vampire+Project%3A+An+Aboriginal+Perspective&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Search&rft.issn=00049549&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-25 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reauthorization of the Native Hawaiian Education Act. Oversight Hearing on Reauthorization of the Native Hawaiian Education Act To Authorize and Develop Supplemental Education Programs To Assist Native Hawaiians in Reaching the National Education Goals, before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session (Honolulu, HI). AN - 62710090; ED374940 AB - A Senate committee received testimony supporting reauthorization of the Native Hawaiian Education Act as part of reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). In the previous week, the House of Representatives had narrowly defeated an effort to delete the Native Hawaiian Education Act from ESEA reauthorization. The Native Hawaiian Education Act recounts the history of the U.S. invasion and illegal annexation of Hawaii, describes the basis of the federal government's trust responsibility toward Native Hawaiians, the educational needs of Native Hawaiian children, and authorizes supplemental educational programs to assist Native Hawaiians to reach the National Education Goals. These supplemental programs are Native Hawaiian Language Immersion Project; Native Hawaiian Family-Based Education Centers serving infants, preschoolers, and their families; Native Hawaiian Higher Education Demonstration Program; Native Hawaiian Gifted and Talented Demonstration Program; and Native Hawaiian Special Education Program. Testimony by U.S. Senators and Representatives, school and college administrators, program directors, teachers, and parents describes the programs and provides evidence about the need for these programs and about program successes and accomplishments. Appended materials include the text of the Act and data on program enrollments and Native Hawaiian college enrollment. (SV) Y1 - 1994/03/30/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 30 SP - 231 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160448395 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Native Hawaiian Education Act 1994 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Supplementary Education KW - Program Descriptions KW - Special Education KW - Hawaiians KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Higher Education KW - Language Maintenance KW - Educational Needs KW - Hawaiian KW - Family Involvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Hearings KW - Native Language Instruction KW - College Preparation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62710090?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Indian Issues Regarding Head Start Reauthorization. Joint Hearing To Expand the Provisions of Head Start Services and To Improve the Overall Quality of Head Start Programs, before the Committee on Indian Affairs and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62709718; ED374939 AB - A joint Senate committee hearing received testimony on the unique circumstances and needs of American Indian Head Start programs. There are currently about 120 Indian Head Start programs providing services to 181 American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. The Associate Commissioner of the Head Start Bureau described the ongoing federal initiative aimed at improving and expanding Head Start by making additional financial and technical assistance available to Head Start grantees. U.S. Senators, tribal leaders, Indian parents, and representatives of the National Indian Head Start Directors Association, the National Head Start Association, the National Indian Education Association, and individual Indian Head Start programs discussed the following issues: (1) potential weakening of the federal-tribal nation-to-nation relationship by proposed decentralization of federal administrative functions for serving Indian children; (2) eligibility requirements that exclude educationally disadvantaged children whose family income is marginally above the maximum; (3) restrictions that prevent a tribal program from serving Indians of other tribes or its own members living off-reservation; (4) need for pre-natal services and services for infants and toddlers; (5) obstacles to construction and renovation of Head Start facilities by Indian grantees; (6) funding difficulties and additional program costs related to the remoteness of many Indian communities; (7) insufficient funds to address the training needs of staff, parents, and volunteers; and (8) need for Head Start services in unserved Indian communities. Appended materials include legislative recommendations, numerical data on Head Start programs, and descriptions of individual tribal programs. (SV) Y1 - 1994/03/25/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 25 SP - 205 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160448166 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Facility Requirements KW - Young Children KW - Low Income KW - Delivery Systems KW - Educational Needs KW - Eligibility KW - Financial Problems KW - Tribes KW - Tribally Controlled Education KW - Preschool Education KW - Federal Programs KW - Disadvantaged KW - Hearings KW - American Indian Education KW - Federal Indian Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62709718?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Several appended materials contain small print, fi N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - H.R. 3254-The National Science Foundation Authorization Act. Markup before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62708010; ED377071 AB - This document is a bill (H.R. 3254) written by the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the U.S. House of Representatives to authorize appropriations for the National Science Foundation. It contains the following sections: (1) National Science Foundation Authorization; (2) General Provisions; (3) Academic Research Facilities Modernization; and (4) International Scientific Cooperation. (ZWH) Y1 - 1994/03/23/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 23 SP - 86 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402-9328 (Stock No. 79-967 CC). SN - 0160444608 KW - Congress 103rd KW - National Science Foundation KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Science Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Financial Policy KW - Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62708010?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Title page varies slightly. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Goals 2000: Educate America Act. Conference Report To Accompany H.R. 1804, House of Representatives, 103d Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62807301; ED369149 AB - The U.S. House of Representatives and Senate issued a conference report on the Goals 2000: Educate America Act. The act is designed to improve learning and teaching by providing a national framework for educational reform and to promote other changes in education and federal programs. The conference committee agreed that this report replaced an earlier amendment proposed by the House to a Senate amendment. The first section of this report includes a short title and table of contents. The report includes Title I, National Education Goals; Title II, National Reform Leadership, Standards, and Assessments; Title III, State and Local Education Systemic Improvement; Title IV, Parental Assistance; Title V, National Skill Standards Board; Title VI, International Education Program; Title VII, Safe Schools; Title VIII, Minority-Focused Civics Education; Title IX, Educational Research and Improvement; and, Title X, Miscellaneous. The second section includes the purposes of the act. The third section includes definitions. (JPT) Y1 - 1994/03/21/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 21 SP - 232 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Goals 2000 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Public Schools KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Legislation KW - Educational Objectives KW - Educational Change KW - National Programs KW - Elementary Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62807301?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act Amendments of 1994. Conference Report [To Accompany S. 1284]. House of Representatives, 103d Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62801448; ED370300 AB - This report was issued by a conference committee of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives to reconcile disagreeing votes on amendments to the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act. The Act is designed to assure that individuals with developmental disabilities and their families participate in the design of and have access to culturally competent services, supports, and other assistance and opportunities that promote independence, productivity, and integration and inclusion into the community. The amendments deal with expanding or modifying certain provisions relating to the Act's five titles, covering programs for individuals with developmental disabilities, Federal assistance for priority area activities for individuals with developmental disabilities, protection and advocacy of individual rights, university affiliated programs, and projects of national significance. A joint explanatory statement of the committee of conference is included to explain the effect of the agreed-upon text of the Act. (JDD) Y1 - 1994/03/21/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 21 SP - 65 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Developmental Disabled Assist Bill of Rights Act KW - University Affiliated Training Programs KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Federal Legislation KW - Services KW - Federal Aid KW - Advocacy KW - Social Integration KW - Public Policy KW - Civil Rights Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62801448?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Print is small in parts. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Urban Recreation and At-Risk Youth Act of 1994. Report to Accompany H.R. 4034. 103D Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62697181; ED374197 AB - The Committee on Natural Resources reports on Bill H.R. 4034 to amend the Urban Park and Recreation Recovery Act of 1978 to authorize grants for the expansion of recreation opportunities for at-risk youth in urban areas with a high prevalence of crime and for other purposes. The Committee reports favorably on the Bill, with an amendment, and recommends its passage. The amendment stresses that well-maintained recreational facilities and services have been shown to decrease the incidence of violent crime among youth and to improve the quality of life for urban residents. Selection criteria for grants are defined, and how Park and Recreation Action Recovery Programs must coordinate recreation and crime-prevention efforts is reviewed. The historical background of the Bill is summarized. (SLD) Y1 - 1994/03/21/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 21 SP - 15 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Recreation Legislation KW - High Risk Students KW - Crime Prevention KW - Federal Aid KW - Grants KW - Community Resources KW - Recreational Programs KW - Violence KW - Federal Legislation KW - Urban Areas KW - Parks KW - Disadvantaged Youth UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62697181?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Educational Programs. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Education, Training and Employment of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62712142; ED379495 AB - This hearing addresses veterans' education assistance programs administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs. A special focus is the Montgomery GI Bill. Testimony includes statements and prepared statements and material submitted for the record of individuals representing the following: Department of Defense, Air Force, Coast Guard, AMVETS, Army, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Vietnam Veterans of America, American Legion, Marine Corps, Non-Commissioned Officers Association, Department of Veterans Affairs, Navy, and Disabled American Veterans. Written committee questions of Congressmen are accompanied by responses from the following: Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Department of Labor. (YLB) Y1 - 1994/03/10/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 10 SP - 223 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016046529X KW - Congress 103rd KW - G I Bill KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Veterans KW - Training Allowances KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Educational Legislation KW - Military Personnel KW - Higher Education KW - Vietnam Veterans KW - Veterans Education KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62712142?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-43. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Service and Joint Training: Lessons Learned from Recent Conflicts. Hearing before the Military Forces and Personnel Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62711052; ED375327 AB - This document contains the oral and written statements of persons whose testimony was presented before a Congressional hearing on training lessons learned from recent military conflicts. Principal witness was Mark E. Gebicke, Director of Military Operations and Capabilities Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, U.S. General Accounting Office. The testimony stated the following: (1) training of Active Duty forces is a never-ending process; (2) joint training and operations are receiving increasing emphasis; (3) simulation technology offers significant new ways to enhance training; (4) determining the right amount to spend on training is much more complex than it seems; and (5) training of Reserve component combat forces, particularly in the Army, poses a much greater challenge than the training of Active Duty forces. All of these issues are interrelated. (KC) Y1 - 1994/03/10/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 10 SP - 62 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016045915X KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Military Training KW - Military Personnel KW - Educational Trends KW - Training Methods KW - On the Job Training KW - Educational Needs KW - Armed Forces KW - Educational Improvement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62711052?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - H.A.S.C. No. 103-43. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on the Reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62702129; ED381988 AB - This transcript of a hearing on the reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act includes statements by representatives of Hofstra University (New York), Advocates for Children (New York), Self-Initiated Living Options (New York), the National Center on Educational Restructuring and Inclusion (New York), National Center on Education and Economy (District of Columbia), the National Family for the Advancement of Minorities with Disabilities (Michigan), and Education and Human Services Research of SRI International (California), along with statements of two Congressional Representatives (Major R. Owens and Cass Ballenger). Among issues addressed in the testimony are needs of the birth to age 5 population, over-representation of minorities in special education, postschool outcomes for special education students, arguments for and against full inclusion, the importance of individualization, and school-to-work transition. Additional prepared materials address these issues in more detail. (DB) Y1 - 1994/03/10/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 10 SP - 150 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016044778X KW - Congress 103rd KW - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Special Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Legislation KW - Preschool Education KW - Disabilities KW - Opinions KW - Hearings KW - Organizations (Groups) KW - Elementary Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62702129?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-74. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Medical Education and the Supply of Health Professionals. Hearing before the Committee on Finance. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62717392; ED380012 AB - The Senate Committee on Finance met to hear testimony on and discuss the preparation of medical doctors and how the Clinton Administration's proposed health care reform would influence medical education and the supply of health care professionals. Peter P. Budetti, director of the Center for Health Policy Research at George Washington University (Washington, D.C.), testified on how past federal policy has contributed to the rise of doctors training in specialties and subspecialties and has caused a decline in general practitioners. Jack M. Colwill, representing the Council on Graduate Medical Education, testified that the nation has too few generalists, has a surplus of specialists, and is moving toward a progressive physician surplus, which may impede the ability to move into systems of managed care and may contribute to escalating costs. Debra J. Folkerts, a family nurse practitioner from Kansas, testified on graduate nurse education and other health care reform efforts. Clayton E. Jensen, dean of the University of North Dakota School of Medicine, testified on how his institution has responded to North Dakota's health care service needs. The document also includes statements from Senators Orrin G. Hatch, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, and Bob Packwood and a position statement from the American Academy of Family Physicians. (JB) Y1 - 1994/03/08/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 08 SP - 99 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160466490 KW - Clinton Administration KW - Congress 103rd KW - Health Care Reform KW - Health Delivery Systems KW - Health Personnel Shortage KW - Health Policy KW - University of North Dakota KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Primary Health Care KW - Medical Schools KW - Higher Education KW - Public Policy KW - Family Practice (Medicine) KW - Supply and Demand KW - Medical Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Nursing Education KW - Policy Formation KW - Hearings KW - Physicians KW - Labor Supply KW - Medical Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62717392?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Steps toward a Comprehensive Employment and Training System. Hearing before the Employment, Housing, and Aviation Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62809912; ED371208 AB - This document records the oral testimony and written reports of witnesses who testified at a Congressional hearing on moving the United States toward a comprehensive employment training system. Witnesses included members of Congress, state officials, labor representatives, and association officials concerned with employment and training. At the hearing, witnesses took a broader look at the government's ineffective employment and training efforts, which span more than 150 programs operated by 14 federal agencies spending about $25 billion per year. Issues considered include whether and how to reinvent employment and training programs. The witnesses commented on the difficulties caused by the multiplicity of federal programs and the steps that they are taking to overcome the hurdles. (KC) Y1 - 1994/03/03/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 03 SP - 144 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160443628 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Job Training Partnership Act 1982 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Program Improvement KW - Program Administration KW - Federal Legislation KW - Program Implementation KW - Federal Programs KW - Job Training KW - Employment Programs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62809912?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in Postsecondary Education. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62810545; ED369216 AB - This report presents results of statistical analysis of the 1993 federal "Survey on Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in Postsecondary Education." Data were collected from 982 of the nation's 2-year and 4-year postsecondary institutions (Gallaudet University and the National Technical Institute for the Deaf were not included) and were weighted to provide national estimates. Highlights of findings include: (1) about half of the nation's 5,000 postsecondary institutions enrolled one or more students who identified themselves as deaf or hard of hearing in the last 4 years; (2) public institutions were much more likely than private institutions to enroll such students (79 percent versus 29 percent); (3) a total of 20,040 deaf or hard of hearing students were identified (an increase of approximately 3,000 students since 1989); (4) about a third of the institutions provided special support services to a total of 16,100 students; (5) classroom notetakers, sign language interpreters, and assistive listening devices were the major support services provided. This report provides detailed analysis in narrative, tables, and figures on: enrollment in postsecondary institutions, provision of support services, types of support services provided, problems with providing support services, and information that institutions would find useful in providing services. Additional information details the survey methodology and data reliability. Two appendices provide tables of standard errors and the survey questionnaire. Contains 12 references. (DB) AU - Lewis, Laurie Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 71 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-394 KW - Survey on Deaf Hard of Hearing Students Postsecond KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Hearing Impairments KW - Public Colleges KW - Private Colleges KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Assistive Devices (for Disabled) KW - Notetaking KW - Deaf Interpreting KW - Partial Hearing KW - Deafness KW - Enrollment Trends KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Incidence KW - College Students KW - Student Personnel Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62810545?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Testing and Assessment in Vocational Education. Background Paper. AN - 62808825; ED368908 AB - This background paper provides a picture of general progress in vocational education assessment instruments and policies. Chapter 1 explains the paper's purposes and presents a summary of its contents. Chapter 2 traces the evolution of federal accountability requirements in vocational education law and explains the intent of the 1990 provisions. Chapter 3 profiles current state testing and assessment policies in vocational education. It analyzes how state assessment policies and practices are changing in response to Perkins Act requirements and considers how these changes could affect both other reforms in vocational education and the nature of learning and instruction in vocational education itself. Chapter 4 describes some testing and assessment resources available to measure various kinds of occupational skills, including tests developed by three main vendors. Chapter 5 explores alternative approaches for defining, teaching, and measuring broad technical skills and highlights issues that should be considered in moving toward assessments that meet needs identified by Congress. Chapter 6 describes how the U.S. Department of Education has implemented performance standards. One appendix lists legislative milestones related to accountability in federal vocational education programs. Another appendix explains acronyms. (YLB) Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 127 PB - New Orders, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37194, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 (stock no. 052-003-01367-3: $7.50). VL - OTA-BP-SET-123 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Measures (Individuals) KW - Educational Legislation KW - Public Policy KW - Accountability KW - Secondary Education KW - Job Skills KW - State Government KW - Federal Legislation KW - Evaluation Criteria KW - Educational Change KW - Educational Policy KW - Federal Regulation KW - Compliance (Legal) KW - Vocational Education KW - Performance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62808825?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - A Compilation of Federal Education Laws. Volume III--Higher Education, As Amended through March 1994. Prepared for the Use of the Committee on Education and Labor of the U.S. House of Representatives and for the Use of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. [Committee Print.] AN - 62795075; ED369325 AB - This document presents the texts of selected titles, sections, and amendments of federal laws dealing with specific aspects of postsecondary education. It is divided into the following major parts: (1) "General Higher Education Programs"; (2) "Native American Higher Education"; (3) "National Science Foundation"; (4) Mathematics, Science, and Engineering"; and (5) "Assistance to Specified Institutions." Selected titles and subsections include those from the Higher Education Act of 1965; the Higher Education Amendments of 1968, 1980, 1986, and 1992; the National Science Foundation Act of 1950; and the Excellence in Mathematics, Science, and Engineering Education Act of 1990. Among the subjects addressed are institutional and student financial assistance; educator recruitment, retention, and development; international education programs; academic facility improvement and construction; cooperative education; land-grant status for colleges in the United States, Virgin Islands, and Guam; postsecondary education legislation directed at American Indians; and educational improvements in the areas of mathematics and the sciences. (GLR) Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 735 KW - Education Amendments 1972 KW - Education Amendments 1980 KW - Excellence in Math Sci and Engrg Educ Act 1990 KW - Higher Education Act Amendments 1986 KW - Higher Education Act Amendments 1992 KW - Higher Education Act 1965 KW - National Science Foundation Act 1950 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Science Education KW - Educational Facilities KW - Federal Aid KW - Educational Legislation KW - Government School Relationship KW - School Support KW - Educational Finance KW - Higher Education KW - Educational Improvement KW - Mathematics Education KW - Laws KW - American Indians KW - Engineering KW - Federal Legislation KW - Universities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62795075?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-J. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Child Health USA '93. AN - 62712766; ED376387 AB - This annual report presents data on the health status and needs of American children from infancy through adolescence. The report's first section gives general population data, providing context for sections two and three, which present data on health status and service utilization for American children. The fourth section contains state-specific data on infant health which show the variability among states on basic health measures. The data indicate that gaps exist in primary care which could save the lives or improve the health of millions of children. Almost half of American children were not receiving immunizations at the recommended ages. Almost 28% of children aged 5-17 had not had a dental visit in the previous year. From ages 1-20, children and adolescents are more likely to die from injury than from any other cause, in spite of simple precautions, such as wearing bicycle helmets, a practice that could have prevented many injuries. Data indicate that greater efforts should be made to combat abuse, neglect, drugs, and violence in the family. School-based and school-linked services are both promising ways to make better health services and information available to children and their families. Health care reform, providing universal health insurance coverage, help bring American children and their families appropriate health promotion, disease prevention, disease treatment, and chronic care. (Contains 46 references.) (CC) Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 63 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - DHHS-HRSA-MCH-94-1 KW - Health Care Reform KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Death KW - Mortality Rate KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Child Health KW - Infant Mortality KW - Primary Health Care KW - Children KW - School Health Services KW - Demography KW - Health Services KW - Health Needs KW - Prevention KW - Child Abuse KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62712766?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Photographs may not reproduce well. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Technology for Education Act of 1994. Report Together with Additional and Minority Views To Accompany S. 1040. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources, 103D Congress 2d Session. AN - 62687677; ED375795 AB - The Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources reports favorably on Senate Bill 1040 (S. 1040) and recommends its passage as amended. S. 1040 is designed to provide leadership at the federal level to promote effective uses of technology to improve teaching and learning and to promote equal access to educational opportunities for all. It establishes a framework and future direction for the infusion of high-quality technology in support of the Goals 2000 legislation and other initiatives. An Office of Educational Technology is established and directed to undertake a long-term plan for educational technology. The remainder of the bill describes a series of grants to assist states in developing comprehensive technology plans and to encourage research. The legislation also provides funds for establishing consortia for educators and nonprofit providers to develop training, technical assistance, and information dissemination to advance technology in education. Proposed amendments are modifications to the language and some simplifications that do not affect the bill's emphasis on the role of technology as a major tool for education. (SLD) Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 52 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technological Advancement KW - Educational Legislation KW - Training KW - Access to Education KW - Government Role KW - Information Dissemination KW - Grants KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Equal Education KW - Computer Uses in Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Program Implementation KW - Educational Planning KW - Educational Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62687677?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Public Elementary Teachers' Views on Teacher Performance Evaluations. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62564097; ED404299 AB - A study was conducted to determine the extent to which public school teachers of kindergarten through grade 6 have experienced formal evaluations in their current school and the procedures employed in evaluating teacher performance. The nationally representative Survey on Teacher Performance Evaluations was administered to approximately 1,000 elementary school teachers in the spring of 1993. Findings include the following: (1) most teachers (89 percent) believe their last performance evaluation provided an accurate assessment of their teaching performance; (2) 94 percent reported that evaluation criteria were known to them prior to assessment; (3) 92 percent reported that their most recent evaluation included classroom observations; (4) while 99 percent said that subject matter knowledge should be a consideration in performance evaluation, only 65 percent said it had been considered in their most recent evaluation; (5) most teachers perceived that their evaluators were competent to judge performance in selected aspects of teaching; and (6) three-fourths of the sample indicated that determining teachers' pay levels was not an objective of evaluations at their school, and 50 percent agree that this should not be an objective. Fourteen statistical tables of estimates and standard errors and a sample copy of the survey instrument are appended. (LL) AU - Nolin, Mary Jo Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 75 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-097 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Elementary Education KW - Teacher Attitudes KW - Public School Teachers KW - Evaluators KW - National Surveys KW - Elementary School Teachers KW - Job Performance KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Teacher Evaluation KW - Evaluation Criteria KW - Performance Factors KW - Evaluation Utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62564097?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Compendio estadístico, revisado Marzo 1994 AN - 59675427; 1994-1200569 AB - Shipping, passenger, and cargo movements of maritime and airport facilities, 1986-93; Puerto Rico. JF - G.P.O. 2829, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-2829, March 1994. 35 pp. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 35 PB - G.P.O. 2829, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-2829 KW - Freight transport -- Puerto Rico -- Statistics KW - Air transport -- Puerto Rico -- Statistics KW - Ports -- Puerto Rico -- Statistics KW - Puerto Rico -- Transportation sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59675427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Compendio+estad%C3%ADstico%2C+revisado+Marzo+1994&rft.title=Compendio+estad%C3%ADstico%2C+revisado+Marzo+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Spanish DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - G.P.O. 2829, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-2829 N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - SuppNotes - rev. ed. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - China's economic dilemmas in the 1990s: the problems of reforms, modernization, and interdependence AN - 38644045; 1378494 JF - China quarterly AU - Cabestan, Jean-Pierre AU - Cabestan, Jean-Pierre Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 256 EP - 257 VL - 137 SN - 0009-4439, 0009-4439 KW - Sociology KW - Economics KW - Economic crisis KW - Interdependence KW - Social development KW - Modernization KW - China KW - Economic reform UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38644045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+quarterly&rft.atitle=China%27s+economic+dilemmas+in+the+1990s%3A+the+problems+of+reforms%2C+modernization%2C+and+interdependence&rft.au=Cabestan%2C+Jean-Pierre&rft.aulast=Cabestan&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=China+quarterly&rft.issn=00094439&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 3904; 3989 10691; 11813 3483; 8179; 6626 3429; 93 116 30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the distribution of blue-green algae in lakes: Wind-tunnel tank experiments AN - 1808736544; PQ0003340563 AB - In this study, we demonstrate in the laboratory that the distribution of weakly floating algae in wind-driven, steady state, two-dimensional flow in a water body is in accord with theoretical predictions. We confirm the theoretical results that the concentrations of algal colonies of uniform flotation speed should increase exponentially in the downwind direction and that the length scale of this concentration variation should be inversely proportional to the colony flotation speed. We observed accumulation of a surface film at the downwind shore of our tank. This film dampens surface waves, inhibits surface mixing, modifies the nearshore water circulation, traps the algae, and allows the algae to accumulate into mats. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Hutchinson, Paul A AU - Webster, Ian T AD - Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, GPO Box 4, Canberra ACT 2601. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 374 EP - 382 PB - Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Prediction KW - Surface water waves KW - Limnology KW - Shores KW - Freshwater KW - Colonies KW - Lakes KW - Tanks KW - Waves KW - Water circulation KW - Flotation KW - Films KW - Algae KW - Marine KW - Floating structures KW - Algal mats KW - Laboratories KW - Oceanography KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Surface films KW - Traps KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q1 08222:Geographical distribution KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808736544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=On+the+distribution+of+blue-green+algae+in+lakes%3A+Wind-tunnel+tank+experiments&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+Paul+A%3BWebster%2C+Ian+T&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/10.4319%2Flo.1994.39.2.0374 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lakes; Floating structures; Algal mats; Surface water waves; Surface films; Tanks; Flotation; Colonies; Shores; Traps; Waves; Water circulation; Algae; Prediction; Laboratories; Limnology; Oceanography; Films; Cyanobacteria; Marine; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1994.39.2.0374 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of wind on the distribution of phytoplankton cells in lakes revisited AN - 1808657010; PQ0003340545 AB - Experimental evidence suggests that winds having speeds >2-3 m s super(-1) are required to mix floating phytoplankton cells (or colonies) away from the water surface. We consider theoretical, steady state distributions of phytoplankton in a lake caused by turbulence and circulation patterns induced by winds having speeds above this critical level. The model incorporates an eddy diffusivity which varies with position in the water column. It predicts concentration variations in the downwind direction which are more in accord with experiment than a previously presented model having an eddy diffusivity uniform in the vertical. If the windspeed is less than the critical value, then a floating phytoplankton scum is expected to remain on the surface. The horizontal distribution of a phytoplankton population will be very different depending on whether the windspeed is greater or less than the critical speed. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Webster, Ian T AU - Hutchinson, Paul A AD - CSIRO Centre for Environmental Mechanics, GPO Box 821, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 365 EP - 373 PB - Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Eddy diffusivity KW - Horizontal distribution KW - Limnology KW - Phytoplankton KW - Floating KW - Freshwater KW - Water column KW - Distribution Patterns KW - Colonies KW - Lakes KW - Turbulence KW - Wind KW - Modelling KW - Marine KW - Plankton surveys KW - Oceanography KW - Model Studies KW - Eddies KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - SW 0810:General KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808657010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Effect+of+wind+on+the+distribution+of+phytoplankton+cells+in+lakes+revisited&rft.au=Webster%2C+Ian+T%3BHutchinson%2C+Paul+A&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/10.4319%2Flo.1994.39.2.0365 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plankton surveys; Eddy diffusivity; Horizontal distribution; Lakes; Phytoplankton; Modelling; Colonies; Turbulence; Water column; Wind; Distribution Patterns; Eddies; Limnology; Oceanography; Floating; Model Studies; Marine; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1994.39.2.0365 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrient enrichment of the Sydney continental shelf AN - 16986936; 3632212 AB - Nutrient-rich waters arrived at the continental shelf at Sydney in late January 1992 in two ways: as an intrusion from the nearby continental slope and as a cold upwelled plume originating several hundred kilometres farther north. With the former, an undercurrent flowed northward on the upper continental slope south of where the nearshore edge of a warm anticyclonic eddy separated from the shelf and curved out to sea. The undercurrent rose onto the floor of the shelf and spread shoreward at least to the 60-m isobath as an intrusion of slope water. The other source of nutrients, the upwelled plume from the north, probably resulted from the East Australian Current spreading onto the shelf and driving an Ekman bottom boundary layer shoreward, where it upwelled to the surface and was then advected southward. Very high values of fluorescence at 20-40 m depth in the plume suggested a significant phytoplankton bloom. The plume was not continuous at the surface for the final 100 km of its passage to Sydney, rather taking the form of 40-km-long 'slugs' moving at similar to 0.3 m/s. It was, however, continuous beneath the surface. From Sydney it was carried out to sea around the perimeter of the anticyclonic eddy. JF - Australian journal of marine and freshwater research. Melbourne AU - Cresswell, G AD - CSIRO Div. Oceanogr., GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 70001, Australia Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 677 EP - 691 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0067-1940, 0067-1940 KW - Australia, Sydney KW - marine ecosystems KW - mixing KW - nutrient enrichment KW - nutrients KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - ocean circulation KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - upwelling KW - plumes KW - phytoplankton KW - water currents KW - hydrodynamics KW - Marine KW - PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Sydney KW - K 03009:Algae KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q2 09146:TSD distribution, water masses and circulation KW - O 2020:Hydrodynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16986936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+journal+of+marine+and+freshwater+research.+Melbourne&rft.atitle=Nutrient+enrichment+of+the+Sydney+continental+shelf&rft.au=Cresswell%2C+G&rft.aulast=Cresswell&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+journal+of+marine+and+freshwater+research.+Melbourne&rft.issn=00671940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - upwelling; ocean circulation; plumes; phytoplankton; water currents; hydrodynamics; nutrients (mineral); nutrients; marine ecosystems; mixing; nutrient enrichment; PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Sydney; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global climatic change. Impact on coastal environments of the South Pacific AN - 16971074; 3627817 AB - Common concerns about the environment and sustainable development naturally draw Pacific island countries together to seek action on global environmental issues which threaten the countries in the region. Climatic disruption and potential sea level rise are issues of grave concern; our reliance on fragile biological resources is threatened by the patterns of large-scale exploitation of marine and terrestrial living resources. There is concern about the potentially catastrophic effects of climate change on the wealth of species and ecosystems in the region. It is the concern about the environment that underlies interest in the region in negotiations towards global conventions on climate change and the protection of biological diversity and the subsequent signing of both conventions by the Pacific island country leaders in June 1992 in Brazil. JF - Marine Policy AU - Tabai, I AD - South Pacific Forum, Forum Secretariat, GPO Box 856, Sueva, Fiji Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 183 EP - 185 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0308-597X, 0308-597X KW - Pacific Ocean I. KW - coastal zone KW - coastal zones KW - environmental effects KW - international cooperation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - IS, South Pacific KW - climatic changes KW - coastal waters KW - sea level KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16971074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Policy&rft.atitle=Global+climatic+change.+Impact+on+coastal+environments+of+the+South+Pacific&rft.au=Tabai%2C+I&rft.aulast=Tabai&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Policy&rft.issn=0308597X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coastal zone; coastal waters; sea level; international cooperation; environmental effects; climatic changes; IS, South Pacific; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demersal cephalopods of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia AN - 16839930; 3559043 AB - Demersal trawl and dredge surveys of the Gulf of Carpentaria in the early summers of 1990 and 1991 provided the first comprehensive assessment of the cephalopod fauna of this shallow, tropical basin off northern Australia. Twenty-one taxa (comprising five loliginid squids, seven cuttlefishes, seven octopuses and two dumpling squids) were recorded. In addition to hosting species distributed broadly in the Indo-West Pacific (e.g. loliginid squids Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Photololigo cf. chinensis and P. cf. edulis; cuttlefishes Sepia elliptica and Sepia pharaonis), the Gulf of Carpentaria represents the most northwesterly extent of the range of some eastern Australian species (e.g. Loliolus noctiluca and Sepia whitleyana). Squid catches were lower in the north-western gulf in 1990 and higher in shallower water during the more geographically restricted survey in 1991, whereas cuttlefish were more evenly distributed throughout the different sampling areas in both years. Broad size ranges of both sexes of the four most abundant species (P. cf. chinensis (northern form), P. cf. edulis, S. elliptica and S. pharaonis) are indicative of extended spawning seasons, and fully mature individuals of these species were evident throughout the gulf. Cephalopods are a minor component in reported domestic fisheries catches from the Gulf of Carpentaria, where penaeid prawns are targeted. High (though seasonal) squid catch rates were reported annually by Taiwanese trawlers targeting butterfish and squid from certain areas prior to 1979. With the observed population structure of the abundant cephalopod species and relatively high catch rates in some localities during these recent surveys, it is suggested that the cephalopod resources of the Gulf of Carpentaria could support increased commercial fisheries exploitation. JF - Australian journal of marine and freshwater research. Melbourne AU - Dunning, M AU - McKinnon, S AU - Lu, C C AU - Yeatman, J AU - Cameron, D AD - Fish. Div., Queensland Dep. Primary Indus., GPO Box 46, Brisbane, Qld. 4001, Australia Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 351 EP - 374 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0067-1940, 0067-1940 KW - Australia, Carpentaria Gulf KW - biological surveys KW - cephalopod fisheries KW - cephalopoda KW - cephalopods KW - community composition KW - demersal fisheries KW - quantitative distribution KW - shrimp KW - stock assessment KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Marine KW - fisheries KW - ISEW, Australia, Carpentaria Gulf KW - species diversity KW - D 04658:Molluscs KW - Q1 08262:Geographical distribution KW - Q1 08602:Surveying and prospecting KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16839930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+journal+of+marine+and+freshwater+research.+Melbourne&rft.atitle=Demersal+cephalopods+of+the+Gulf+of+Carpentaria%2C+Australia&rft.au=Dunning%2C+M%3BMcKinnon%2C+S%3BLu%2C+C+C%3BYeatman%2C+J%3BCameron%2C+D&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+journal+of+marine+and+freshwater+research.+Melbourne&rft.issn=00671940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - community composition; fisheries; quantitative distribution; demersal fisheries; cephalopod fisheries; stock assessment; biological surveys; species diversity; shrimp; cephalopoda; ISEW, Australia, Carpentaria Gulf; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations on the size-structure of macrofaunal assemblages AN - 16805688; 3550947 AB - When data from a number of macroalgal, seagrass and unvegetated sites were analysed, log abundance of macrofauna in different sieve size-classes was found to show a consistently linear negative relationship with log sieve size. The log abundance/log sieve-size regression coefficient, referred to as the size-dominance index G, has consequently been used as a simple index of the size-structure of macrofaunal communities. Size-dominance varied consistently between infaunal and epifaunal communities, and between communities inhabiting different macroalgal habitats. Size-dominance was lowest in detached macrophyte and filamentous algal habitats, and highest in infaunal habitats. This spatial variation in size-dominance, and also observed temporal variation, was attributed partly to variation in the level of food resources and to variation in epibenthic (i.e. fish and decapod) predation. Alternative hypotheses proposed by Thiel (1975) and Warwick et al. (1987) dealing with the size-distributions of benthic communities did not fully predict observed patterns. Predictions are made here that whenever G > -2.1, then animals are exploitatively competing for limited food resources with epibenthic predation being of little importance. Production remains constant in different log size-classes when G = -2.1, hence the plot of estimated production versus log body-size is considered a useful way to depict faunal size-distributions. JF - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology AU - Edgar, G J AD - Zool. Dep., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 227 EP - 243 VL - 176 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0981, 0022-0981 KW - marine ecosystems KW - microhabitats KW - size structure KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - food availability KW - Marine KW - predation KW - body size KW - size distribution KW - Invertebrata KW - zoobenthos KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - D 04330:Marine KW - D 04655:Invertebrates - general KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16805688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Observations+on+the+size-structure+of+macrofaunal+assemblages&rft.au=Edgar%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Edgar&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.issn=00220981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food availability; size distribution; predation; body size; zoobenthos; microhabitats; marine ecosystems; Invertebrata; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of river hydrology on the dynamics and water quality of the upper Derwent Estuary, Tasmania AN - 16779045; 3539767 AB - Water quality parameters and current velocities were measured in depth profiles at a series of sampling stations throughout the upper estuary of the Derwent River, Tasmania, during 1988-89. The estuary was severely degraded, with low dissolved oxygen and high sulfide concentrations in benthic saline waters for seven months of the year. A simple two-layer one-dimensional box model was constructed to examine the relationships between water quality, estuarine mixing and river flows. Flow events critical to the dynamics of water quality in the upper estuary are described. An initial analysis of the impact of changes to the flow regime of the Derwent River on the Derwent Estuary indicates that hydroelectric storage operations have led to a decrease in the frequency of flows required to flush the estuary, superimposed on climate-induced changes. Recommendations are made for possible flushing flows necessary to improve estuarine water quality. JF - Australian journal of marine and freshwater research. Melbourne AU - Davies, P E AU - Kalish AD - Dep. Zool., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 109 EP - 130 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0067-1940, 0067-1940 KW - Australia, Tasmania, Derwent Estuary KW - current velocity KW - environmental impact KW - estuarine dynamics KW - flushing KW - hydroelectric power plants KW - impoundments KW - man-induced effects KW - mixing KW - model studies KW - stream flow KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - water quality KW - PSE, Australia, Tasmania, Derwent Estuary KW - estuaries KW - hydrology KW - Brackish KW - rivers KW - stratification KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - Q2 09170:Nearshore dynamics KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16779045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+journal+of+marine+and+freshwater+research.+Melbourne&rft.atitle=Influence+of+river+hydrology+on+the+dynamics+and+water+quality+of+the+upper+Derwent+Estuary%2C+Tasmania&rft.au=Davies%2C+P+E%3BKalish&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+journal+of+marine+and+freshwater+research.+Melbourne&rft.issn=00671940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; water quality; environmental impact; rivers; man-induced effects; hydroelectric power plants; estuaries; flushing; stratification; impoundments; stream flow; estuarine dynamics; current velocity; model studies; mixing; PSE, Australia, Tasmania, Derwent Estuary; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species of the diatom genus Pseudonitzschia in Australian waters AN - 16772511; 3735236 AB - An Australia-wide taxonomic survey for species of the potentially toxic diatom genus Pseudonitzschia Peragallo (causative organisms of amnesic shellfish poisoning) was carried out using both light and transmission electron microscopy. Samples studied derived from the Gulf of Carpentaria, North West Shelf, Coral Sea, East Australian Current, Tasmanian, Victorian and Western Australian coastal waters. The dominant bloom-forming Pseudonitzschia species in Australian coastal waters were P. fraudulenta (New South Wales), P. pungens f. pungens and P. pseudodelicatissima (Tasmanian and Victorian waters). Other representatives of this diatom genus in Australian waters include P. americana, P. lineola, P. subpacifica and P. turgidula, but these were usually only present in low concentrations. While populations of P. pseudodelicatissima from the Bay of Fundy (Canada) can be weakly toxic, wild and cultured diatom populations of this species from Tasmanian and Victorian coastal waters were consistently non-toxic. The major toxic Pseudonitzschia species of concern in Canadian waters, P. pungens f. multiseries was detected as a minor component (5% of total biomass) of a dense P. pungens f. pungens bloom in a New South Wales estuary. Pseudonitzschia australis, a toxic species in Californian waters, was never detected in Australian waters. Surveys to identify bloom-forming Pseudonitzschia species in Australian waters, and monitoring of these species for toxicity, will continue. JF - Botanica Marina AU - Hallegraeff, G M AD - Dep. Plant Sci., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252 C, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 397 EP - 411 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0006-8055, 0006-8055 KW - Pseudonitzschia KW - biological poisons KW - biological surveys KW - toxins KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - phytoplankton KW - Australia Coasts KW - algal blooms KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - K 03039:Algae KW - Q1 08222:Geographical distribution KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16772511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanica+Marina&rft.atitle=Species+of+the+diatom+genus+Pseudonitzschia+in+Australian+waters&rft.au=Hallegraeff%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Hallegraeff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Botanica+Marina&rft.issn=00068055&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phytoplankton; biological poisons; biological surveys; algal blooms; toxins; Australia Coasts; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model for the light-limited growth of buoyant phytoplankton in a shallow, turbid waterbody AN - 16768382; 3729690 JF - Australian journal of marine and freshwater research. Melbourne AU - Sherman, B E AU - Webster, I T AD - CSIRO Cent. Environ. Mech., GPO Box 821, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 847 EP - 862 VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0067-1940, 0067-1940 KW - Australia, Murray R., Rushy Billabong KW - algal growth KW - light KW - light effects KW - models KW - shallow water KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - photosynthesis KW - phytoplankton KW - Freshwater KW - buoyancy KW - turbidity KW - growth KW - light penetration KW - K 03009:Algae KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q1 08424:Age and growth KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16768382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+journal+of+marine+and+freshwater+research.+Melbourne&rft.atitle=A+model+for+the+light-limited+growth+of+buoyant+phytoplankton+in+a+shallow%2C+turbid+waterbody&rft.au=Sherman%2C+B+E%3BWebster%2C+I+T&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=847&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+journal+of+marine+and+freshwater+research.+Melbourne&rft.issn=00671940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Cyanobacterial research in Australia. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; light effects; shallow water; photosynthesis; phytoplankton; turbidity; light; light penetration; buoyancy; growth; algal growth; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying priorities for marine protected areas in the insular Pacific AN - 16706045; 3702350 AB - The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas (CNPPA) and the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) have been carrying out a co-operative programme to promote the establishment of a system of marine protected areas (MPAs) that is consistent with the social, economic and cultural characteristics of the region. A total of 67 MPAs have been identified in the region. However, an assessment of these shows that they do not adequately represent marine biodiversity in the region and that their overall management levels is low. Despite this, it is considered that MPAs have a significant role to play in protecting key sites and raising consciousness of the need for and benefits of marine conservation. The effectiveness with which they may address this role depends on two human factors. The first is community involvement in, or at least acceptance of, their establishment and management. The second is implementation of effective measures to manage factors outside the Marine Protected Areas. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Kenchington, R AU - Bleakley, C AD - Great Barrier Reef Mar. Park Auth., GPO Box 791, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 3 EP - 9 VL - 29 IS - 1-3 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - Pacific Ocean KW - biological diversity KW - coral reefs KW - ecosystem management KW - islands KW - marine parks KW - natural resources KW - nature conservation KW - nature reserves KW - protected resources KW - reefs KW - refuges KW - resource management KW - resources management KW - sanctuaries KW - wildlife conservation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - IS, South Pacific KW - species diversity KW - Marine KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - D 04330:Marine KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16706045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Identifying+priorities+for+marine+protected+areas+in+the+insular+Pacific&rft.au=Kenchington%2C+R%3BBleakley%2C+C&rft.aulast=Kenchington&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: The Pacific reefs: A paradise lost? N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nature conservation; marine parks; sanctuaries; natural resources; ecosystem management; reefs; protected resources; islands; refuges; resource management; species diversity; coral reefs; nature reserves; wildlife conservation; biological diversity; resources management; Pacific Ocean; IS, South Pacific; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stock assessment of the kingklip Genypterus capensis off South Africa AN - 16680853; 3686595 AB - Relative abundance indices constructed from the catch rates of kingklip Genypterus capensis in the longline (kingklip-directed) and trawl (hake-directed) fisheries, together with biomass survey estimates of relative abundance, are used to assess the kingklip resource off South Africa. Assessments are based on two stock-identity hypotheses and have been conducted separately for the South and West coasts as well for the two areas combined. Whichever of these stock-identity hypotheses is selected, the spawner stock size is estimated to be below the harvesting target of 50% of its estimated unexploited size. Assessments conducted for each coast suggest that the West Coast stocks stock is more depleted than that of the South Coast. The results of the analyses are relatively insensitive to a number of variations of the assumptions. The assessments show that the kingklip stock was in all likelihood already depleted below 50% of its pristine level on the West Coast as a result of trawling before the start of the demersal longline fishery. Retrospective analysis indicates that the poor status of the resource would have been evident by 1985 for a West Coast stock, but only by the end of the decade for a South Coast stock. JF - South African Journal of Marine Science/Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Seewetenskap AU - Punt, A E AU - Japp, D W AD - Div. Fish., CSIRO, G.P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 133 EP - 149 VL - 14 SN - 0257-7615, 0257-7615 KW - fishery resources KW - marine fish KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - PSW, South Africa KW - Genypterus capensis KW - stock assessment KW - D 04700:Management KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16680853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Journal+of+Marine+Science%2FSuid-Afrikaanse+Tydskrif+vir+Seewetenskap&rft.atitle=Stock+assessment+of+the+kingklip+Genypterus+capensis+off+South+Africa&rft.au=Punt%2C+A+E%3BJapp%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Punt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=South+African+Journal+of+Marine+Science%2FSuid-Afrikaanse+Tydskrif+vir+Seewetenskap&rft.issn=02577615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - stock assessment; fishery resources; marine fish; Genypterus capensis; PSW, South Africa; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessments of the stocks of Cape hakes Merluccius spp. off South Africa AN - 16679222; 3686593 AB - A production model and an hoc tuned VPA are applied to the Cape hake resource off South Africa. The production model is based on an observation error estimator and is applied to survey biomass estimates and catch rates (cpue). The ad hoc tuned VPA is based on the Laurec-Shepherd tuning algorithm. "Base case" applications of the two approaches provide different appraisals of the status and productivity of the resource. The ADAPT method and an age-structured production model respectively provide results similar to those of the ad hoc tuned VPA and the production model. Whereas results from both production models are insensitive to a wide variety of assumptions, those from the ad hoc tuned VPA and ADAPT are very sensitive to the value of the instantaneous rate of natural mortality. Discrepancies between the various sets of results are shown to be a consequence of a conflict between the catch-at-age information and the cpue and biomass data. They are not primarily a result of differences in the estimation methods. Suggestions are made for research which may help resolve this conflict. JF - South African Journal of Marine Science/Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Seewetenskap AU - Punt, A E AD - Div. Fish., CSIRO, G.P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 159 EP - 186 VL - 14 SN - 0257-7615, 0257-7615 KW - biological production KW - catch/effort KW - fishery resources KW - marine fish KW - modelling KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - PSW, South Africa KW - Merluccius KW - stock assessment KW - population dynamics KW - D 04700:Management KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16679222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Journal+of+Marine+Science%2FSuid-Afrikaanse+Tydskrif+vir+Seewetenskap&rft.atitle=Assessments+of+the+stocks+of+Cape+hakes+Merluccius+spp.+off+South+Africa&rft.au=Punt%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Punt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=South+African+Journal+of+Marine+Science%2FSuid-Afrikaanse+Tydskrif+vir+Seewetenskap&rft.issn=02577615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological production; modelling; catch/effort; stock assessment; fishery resources; population dynamics; marine fish; Merluccius; PSW, South Africa; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Humoral Immunosuppression in Men Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Carcinogens in Polluted Environments AN - 14350829; 10483905 AB - Serum immunoglobulins were examined in 199 coke-oven workers and 75 cold-rolling mill workers at an iron foundry in Cracow, Poland, to investigate possible immumosuppression due to exposure to PAHs. In the plant, coke-oven workers are exposed to high concentrations of atmospheric PAHs. In the cold-rolling mill environment, PAH concentrations are 35 orders of magnitude lower. The immunoglobulins examined were IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE. Results indicated that coke-oven workers had significantly depressed levels of IgG compared to the cold-rolling mill workers. A similar difference in serum IgA levels was observed, but no such difference was seen for IgM or IgE. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Szczeklik, Andrzej AU - Szczeklik, Jerzy AU - Galuszka, Zdzislaw AU - Musial, Jacek AU - Kolarzyk, Emilia AU - Targosz, Dorota Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 302 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON KW - BLOOD ANALYSIS KW - IMMUNOSUPPRESSION KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR KW - POLAND KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14350829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Humoral+Immunosuppression+in+Men+Exposed+to+Polycyclic+Aromatic+Hydrocarbons+and+Related+Carcinogens+in+Polluted+Environments&rft.au=Szczeklik%2C+Andrzej%3BSzczeklik%2C+Jerzy%3BGaluszka%2C+Zdzislaw%3BMusial%2C+Jacek%3BKolarzyk%2C+Emilia%3BTargosz%2C+Dorota&rft.aulast=Szczeklik&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BLOOD ANALYSIS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; POLAND ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Hormonally Active Structural Analogues AN - 14337427; 10483903 AB - The chemical structure of PCBs, which are mixtures of chlorinated aromatic chemicals manufactured by chlorination of biphenyls, is represented by the number of chlorine atoms replacing hydrogen atoms in each ring. The toxic effects of PCBs involve three types of basic mechanisms of action: reversible interaction of the PCB with specific molecular sites of action; irreversible covalent interaction between the PCB and target molecules; and accumulation of highly lipid-soluble, metabolically stable PCBs in lipid-rich tissues. Structureactivity relationships are used to discuss the underlying mechanisms of PCB toxicity: stacking interactions and coplanarity of structure, cleft-type interactions and lateral Cl substitution, and areas of high electron density and oxidative metabolism. The development of descriptive models for each mechanism is described and related to their interactions with thyroid hormones, retinoids, and estradiol. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - McKinney, James D AU - Waller, Chris L Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 290 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KW - TOXIC SUBSTANCES KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION KW - HORMONES KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14337427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Polychlorinated+Biphenyls+as+Hormonally+Active+Structural+Analogues&rft.au=McKinney%2C+James+D%3BWaller%2C+Chris+L&rft.aulast=McKinney&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; TOXIC SUBSTANCES; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION; HORMONES ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Reliability Models to Studies of Biomarker Validation AN - 14334912; 10483906 AB - When using biomarkers in epidemiologic studies, the sources of variability in biomarker response must be addressed. A model of biomarker validation is presented and applied to several biomarkers of exposure to carcinogenic metals. The markers are DNAprotein cross-link, DNAamino acid cross-link, metallothionein gene expression, and autoantibodies to oxidized DNA bases. For each biomarker, data collected from validation studies carried out on blood samples from healthy volunteers are subjected to analysis of variance methods. Each assay is described. The method can be used to detect the amount of variability of the biomarker present in healthy subjects so that the expected variability in a field study can be established in exposed populations and controls. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Taioli, Emanuela AU - Kinney, Patrick AU - Zhitkovich, Anatoly AU - Fulton, Helen AU - Voitkun, Victoria AU - Cosma, Greg AU - Frenkel, Krystyna Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 306 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN KW - RELIABILITY KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14334912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Application+of+Reliability+Models+to+Studies+of+Biomarker+Validation&rft.au=Taioli%2C+Emanuela%3BKinney%2C+Patrick%3BZhitkovich%2C+Anatoly%3BFulton%2C+Helen%3BVoitkun%2C+Victoria%3BCosma%2C+Greg%3BFrenkel%2C+Krystyna&rft.aulast=Taioli&rft.aufirst=Emanuela&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 6 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HUMAN; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; RELIABILITY ER - TY - JOUR T1 - UV-B Exposure Impairs Resistance to Infection by Trichinella spiralis AN - 14334868; 10483904 AB - Research has shown that exposure to UV-B radiation can suppress the immunological resistance to both skin and non-skin infections. The exposure of male rats to Trichinella spiralis, a parasite found in raw meat, was used to investigate the immunosuppressive effects of UV-B radiation. The rats were orally dosed with 1000 T. spiralis larvae in 0.5 ml phosphate-buffered saline, and on days 0, 14, 28, and 42, blood was analyzed for Trichinella-specific antibodies. Carcasses were also examined to assess larval numbers. During the study period, the rats were exposed to suberythemal doses of UV-B radiation daily. Compared to unradiated controls, the UV-B-exposed rats exhibited a significant increase in the number of T. spiralis larvae within 6-10 d after infection. The timing of the UV-B exposure determined the severity of the inhibition of the resistance to the parasite. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Goettsch, Wim AU - Garssen, Johan AU - Deijns, Anton AU - de Gruijl, Frank R AU - van Loveren, Henk Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 298 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION KW - IMMUNOSUPPRESSION KW - BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14334868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=UV-B+Exposure+Impairs+Resistance+to+Infection+by+Trichinella+spiralis&rft.au=Goettsch%2C+Wim%3BGarssen%2C+Johan%3BDeijns%2C+Anton%3Bde+Gruijl%2C+Frank+R%3Bvan+Loveren%2C+Henk&rft.aulast=Goettsch&rft.aufirst=Wim&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 5 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Health Knowledge and Practice Survey Among Secondary Schoolchildren in Zaria, Nigeria AN - 14330305; 10483907 AB - Results are presented from a study carried out in a secondary school in Zaria, Nigeria, to assess the knowledge of environmental hygiene of a sample of schoolchildren. The available sanitation facilities in the school and in the homes of a subsample were also examined. A total of 192 students were surveyed by questionnaire. Survey results indicated that the students had good knowledge about the subject, but students with literate fathers scored slightly higher than those with illiterate fathers. In the subsample of 64 students, survey results revealed that, while sanitation knowledge was high, there was a lack of opportunity to practice what they knew either at home or at school. The school and the majority of the households practiced open dumping of refuse. The inadequate sanitation facilities undermined the goal of the knowledge instilled in the students. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ebong, R D Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 310 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - SANITATION KW - NIGERIA KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - EDUCATION, SECONDARY KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14330305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Health+Knowledge+and+Practice+Survey+Among+Secondary+Schoolchildren+in+Zaria%2C+Nigeria&rft.au=Ebong%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Ebong&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 8 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - SANITATION; NIGERIA; PUBLIC HEALTH; EDUCATION, SECONDARY ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Assessment, the Environment, and Public Health AN - 14330276; 10483902 AB - The origins and evolution of risk assessment in the promulgation of regulatory policies are described as a preamble to a discussion of the limits of risk assessment and the methodological issues that need to be addressed for risk assessment to realize its full potential in the field of public health. Ultimately, risk assessment should be seen as a framework within which all available information and knowledge pertaining to the risk at hand can be organized in a highly systematic way. The four steps of the risk-assessment framework-hazard identification, doseresponse assessment, human exposure, and risk characterization-are described to show how they can be more widely and accurately applied to five broad categories of environmental agents: natural and synthetic chemicals, radiation, physical objects, pathogenic organisms, and substances used as nutrients. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rodricks, Joseph V Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 258 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - RISK ASSESSMENT KW - QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION CONTROL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14330276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+Assessment%2C+the+Environment%2C+and+Public+Health&rft.au=Rodricks%2C+Joseph+V&rft.aulast=Rodricks&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RISK ASSESSMENT; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; PUBLIC HEALTH; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION CONTROL ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Violence in Schools: An Overview. CRS Report for Congress. AN - 62807484; ED369159 AB - The sixth National Education Goal is to make every school in America free of drugs and violence and offer a disciplined environment for learning. Crime, violence, and discipline problems in public schools are increasing public concerns. Although it is difficult to assess the extent of these problems in public schools, reports suggest the situation is worsening. A National School Boards Association survey found that 82 percent of responding school districts said violence had increased at their schools over the past 5 years. A small percentage of uppergrade students regularly carry a weapon to school. Many teachers also reported having been physically attacked, threatened with injury, or verbally abused by students in school. Over the past several decades, Congress has responded to increasing concerns over school safety and youth violence. In the 1970s, Congress held numerous hearings and commissioned studies on the issues. In the 1980s, Congress was concerned over the drug use and classroom discipline issues, and continued to be concerned over these issues into the 1990s. The 102d and 103d Congresses have enacted a number of bills that support education and work to reduce violence, promote safety, and help schools achieve the sixth National Education Goal. (JPT) AU - White, Liane E. Y1 - 1994/02/18/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 18 SP - 12 VL - CRS-94-141-EPW KW - National Education Goals 1990 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Public Schools KW - Government Role KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Federal Government KW - School Security KW - Government Publications KW - Discipline KW - Violence KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62807484?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Improving America's Schools Act of 1994. Report on H.R. 6 Together with Minority, Supplemental, and Additional Views Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, 103rd Congress, 2d session. AN - 62811293; ED369147 AB - The U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Education and Labor reported on the Improving America's Schools Act of 1994, which would extend for 6 years the programs under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. This report suggests that legislation with amendments and recommends that the bill be passed. The Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 not only continues federal funding of approximately $10 billion to programs, but also reshapes these programs to better serve states and local school districts. In 1993, Congress passed the Goals 2000, Educate America Act, which establishes a new framework for providing federal assistance. It helps states set new standards for education and eases regulation to allow schools to meet their goals. The Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 refashions federal programs to follow up on Goals 2000 and help states achieve the same objectives. Current federal programs cause some children to be pulled out of regular classes, thus stigmatizing them and disrupting lessons. These children are also often expected to learn less because they are thought of as educationally disadvantaged. This act will amend those problems by requiring that all children meet higher standards. It also moves federal aid to schools rather than to individual children so schools can have more freedom and accountability in addressing problems. Minority, supplemental, and additional views are included. (JPT) Y1 - 1994/02/16/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 16 SP - 737 PB - Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Public Schools KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Educational Objectives KW - Educational Change KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Federal Government KW - Public Policy KW - Federal State Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62811293?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Education of the Gifted and Talented Reauthorization Fact Sheet. AN - 62817764; ED371526 AB - This fact sheet summarizes issues involved in the reauthorization of the Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act of 1988, Title IV-B, Elementary and Secondary Education Act. This Act provides grants for research and demonstration projects and training activities to meet the needs of gifted and talented students. The Javits program has served over 2 million gifted and talented students through 75 discretionary projects and also funds the National Center for Research and Development in the Education of Gifted and Talented Children and Youth. A Federal government report is cited indicating that only two cents of every $100 spent on K-12 education in 1990 supported special opportunities for gifted students, and recommending that the definition of "gifted" be broadened and that effective programs be expanded into regular school programs. Specific reauthorization issues addressed include: whether to focus on equal education or on excellence for the few; reauthorization of the National Center for Gifted Research; and continuation of discretionary grants for model projects serving only gifted and talented students. Specific appropriation figures for fiscal years 1989 through 1995 (proposed) are listed. (DB) AU - Boren, Susan Y1 - 1994/02/14/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 14 SP - 3 KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act Title IV B KW - National Center for Res Dev Gifted Talented Child KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Federal Aid KW - Program Costs KW - Mainstreaming KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Instructional Student Costs KW - Expenditures KW - Demonstration Programs KW - Federal Legislation KW - Definitions KW - Gifted KW - Talent KW - Special Programs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62817764?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Administration Proposal for Head Start Reauthorization. Joint Hearing on Examining Head Start and the Administration's Plans for Expanding and Improving It, before the Subcommittee on Children, Family, Drugs, and Alcoholism of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate and the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62693473; ED373891 AB - These hearing transcripts present testimony concerning the Clinton Administration's plans to expand and improve Project Head Start. Testimony was heard from Senators Christopher J. Dodd, Dan Coats, Nancy Landon Kassebaum, Strom Thurmond, James M. Jeffords, and Harris Wofford, as well as Representatives Matthew G. Martinez and Susan Molinari, and Mary Jo Bane, Assistant Secretary for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Testimony was also offered by Sandra Kessler Hamburg, director of education studies for the Committee for Economic Development, Valora Washington of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, a Head Start program director, two Head Start parents, and a graduate of a Head Start program. An appendix includes prepared statements delivered by Assistant Secretary Bane, Ms. Hamburg, the Head Start program director, parents, and the Head Start graduate. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/02/10/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 10 SP - 75 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160443482 KW - Clinton Administration KW - Congress 103rd KW - Project Head Start KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Preschool Education KW - Federal Programs KW - Hearings KW - Parent Attitudes KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Public Policy KW - Educational Attitudes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62693473?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Education and Labor Serial No. 103-51. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Gang Problem in America: Formulating an Effective Federal Response. Hearing To Examine How the Federal Government Can Establish Effective Programs To Deter Youth Violence in America before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62630644; ED387572 AB - The Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary convened to discuss the federal role in combating juvenile participation in gangs. A proposed amendment to the crime bill being developed, described at the hearing by Senator Orrin G. Hatch (Utah), makes it a federal offense to engage in gang-related crime and subjects gang members to tough mandatory minimum penalties, while providing funding for additional federal prosecutors to make implementation of the measure a reality. Senator Christopher J. Dodd (Connecticut) spoke in support of the "ounce of prevention" amendment to the crime bill he and other senators have sponsored that would make resources available to community agencies that are already working with young people to reduce gang problems. Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell (Colorado) expressed some personal insights on gang issues and suggested tax benefits for corporations involved in juvenile rehabilitation efforts. A panel of law enforcement officials and an educational administrator spoke about the roles of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the local police, and school systems in combating gang violence. A second panel of youth agency leaders, a police administrator, and a college professor reviewed the gang situation and provided examples of successful initiatives. (SLD) Y1 - 1994/02/09/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 09 SP - 92 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Crime KW - Law Enforcement KW - Government Role KW - Delinquency KW - Federal Government KW - Prevention KW - Youth Clubs KW - Federal Legislation KW - Participation KW - Juvenile Gangs KW - Hearings KW - Police KW - Peer Groups KW - Juvenile Justice UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62630644?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. J-103-40. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Honor Systems and Sexual Harassment at the Service Academies. Hearing before the Committee on Armed Services. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62704996; ED378096 AB - The U.S. Senate held a hearing to address two issues facing the nation's armed service academies--honor systems and sexual harassment. This was the first of several oversight hearings to be held regarding the service academies. Two events prompted the Senate to hold these hearings: (1) a cheating scandal at the U.S. Naval Academy that began in 1992; and (2) the publication of a U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) report in 1994 entitled "DOD Service Academies: More Action Needed to Eliminate Sexual Harassment." The Hearing consisted of the presentations of three panels to the Subcommittee on Force Requirements and Personnel. The first panel, consisting of U.S. Ambassador Richard Armitage and Vice Admiral David M. Bennett, discussed the cheating scandal at the U.S. Naval Academy. The second panel, made up of GAO personnel, summarized the findings of their 1994 report on sexual harassment. The superintendents of the three service academies comprised the final panel. They discussed honor systems and sexual harassment at their institutions and the steps the academies had made to address these issues. The hearing document includes the presentations of all three panels as well as text from the GAO report and the "Report of the Honor Review Committee to the Secretary of the Navy On Honor at the United States Naval Academy." (CK) Y1 - 1994/02/03/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 03 SP - 260 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160443946 KW - Air Force Academy CO KW - Military Academy (West Point) NY KW - Naval Academy MD KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Military Training KW - Cheating KW - Sex Bias KW - Military Schools KW - Codes of Ethics KW - Military Personnel KW - Sexual Harassment KW - Higher Education KW - Females UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62704996?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Some pages contain very small print. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Technical Report of the NAEP 1992 Trial State Assessment Program in Reading. AN - 62808997; ED367946 AB - Documenting the design and data analysis procedures behind the 1992 Trial State Assessment in reading, this book also provides insight into the rationale behind the technical decisions made about the program. Chapters in the book are: (1) "Overview: The Design, Implementation, and Analysis of the 1992 Trial State Assessment Program in Reading" (John Mazzeo and others); (2) "Developing the Objectives, Cognitive Items, Background Questions, and Assessment Instruments" (Jay R. Campbell and Mary R. Foertsch); (3) "Sample Design and Selection" (Leyla K. Mohadjer and others); (4) "State and School Cooperation and Field Administration" (Nancy Caldwell); (5) "Processing and Scoring Assessment Materials" (Dianne Smrdel and others); (6) "Creation of the Database and Evaluation of the Quality Control of Data Entry" (John J. Ferris and David S. Freund); (7) "Weighting Procedures and Variance Estimation" (Adam Chu and Keith F. Rust); (8) "Theoretical Background and Philosophy of NAEP Scaling Procedures" (Eugene G. Johnson and others); (9) "Data Analysis and Scaling for the 1992 Trial State Assessment in Reading" (Nancy L. Allen and others); and (10) "Conventions Used in Reporting the Results of the 1992 Trial State Assessment in Reading" (John Mazzeo). One hundred nine references, a list of participants in the objectives and item development process; a summary of participation rates; conditioning variables and contrast codings; item response theory parameters for reading items; a description of reporting subgroups; and descriptions of the achievement level setting process and the anchoring process are attached. (RS) AU - Johnson, Eugene G. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 330 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 (ISBN-0-16-043109-3). VL - NAEP-23-ST10; NCES-94-472 KW - National Assessment of Educational Progress KW - Trial State Assessments (NAEP) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Grade 8 KW - Elementary Education KW - Reading Achievement KW - Program Design KW - Research Methodology KW - Grade 4 KW - Program Implementation KW - Reading Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62808997?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Arts Education Research Agenda for the Future. AN - 62807772; ED367587 AB - This document presents the arts education research agenda that emerged from a national conference on arts education. The conference was attended by key researchers in each of the arts education disciplines, arts educators, artists and artist teachers, representatives of arts institutions and organizations, and persons from groups and organizations that influence the priorities, development, and conduct of research efforts. The goals of the agenda are: (1) to focus the attention of arts educators, researchers, and the broader community on basic issues in arts education that can improve teaching and learning in the arts; (2) to identify what arts educators view as priorities, given limited resources; (3) to provide a conceptual framework and overall philosophy for inquiry in the field of arts education, as other disciplines are doing with their respective research agendas; and (4) to connect theory and practice, and to make research an agent of improvement in teaching and learning. The agenda was developed to articulate the many unanswered questions in three main areas of arts education: (1) curriculum and instruction; (2) assessment and evaluation; and (3) teacher education and preparation. The document consists of five parts plus notes, a bibliography, and an appendix of conference participants. The first section is an introduction of this field generated document, discussing trends in U.S. education that influence arts education. The second chapter on curriculum and instruction discusses what should be taught and how. The third chapter is on assessment, and the fourth on teacher education and preparation. The last chapter is on continued collaboration. (DK) Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 52 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - OR-94-3402 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Curriculum Research KW - Visual Arts KW - Dance KW - Theater Arts KW - Teacher Education KW - Music KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Student Evaluation KW - Research Design KW - Teaching Methods KW - Art Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62807772?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioavailability of Inorganic Arsenic from Bog Ore-Containing Soil in the Dog AN - 14349282; 10482636 AB - Some bog ore-containing soils in the Netherlands host natural arsenic levels that exceed existing standards for maximum allowable levels if inorganic As in soil by a factor of 10. The bioavailability of inorganic As from soil was studied in dogs as a suitable animal model. The animals received As orally as an intravenous solution and as tained soil. About 88% of the intravenous dose was excreted renally within 120 h after administration, while only 7% was excreted renally after oral dosing with As-laden soil. The data suggest the need to reevaluate the current risk assessment for As in soil. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Groen, Kees AU - Vaessen, Huub AMG AU - Kliest, Jan JG AU - de Boer, Jan LM AU - van Ooik, Ton AU - Timmerman, Arie AU - Vlug, Ron F Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - Feb 1994 SP - 182 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - METAL CONTAMINATION KW - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL KW - SOIL CONTAMINATION KW - ARSENIC KW - DOMESTIC ANIMALS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14349282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+of+Inorganic+Arsenic+from+Bog+Ore-Containing+Soil+in+the+Dog&rft.au=Groen%2C+Kees%3BVaessen%2C+Huub+AMG%3BKliest%2C+Jan+JG%3Bde+Boer%2C+Jan+LM%3Bvan+Ooik%2C+Ton%3BTimmerman%2C+Arie%3BVlug%2C+Ron+F&rft.aulast=Groen&rft.aufirst=Kees&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BIOACCUMULATION, ANIMAL; METAL CONTAMINATION; SOIL CONTAMINATION; DOMESTIC ANIMALS; ARSENIC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formate in Serum and Urine After Controlled Methanol Exposure at the Threshold Limit Value AN - 14347155; 10482635 AB - Formate, the major metabolite responsible for methanol toxicity, was tested as a biomarker of methanol exposure or toxicity. Endogenous serum formate and urinary formic acid excretion was studied in 26 subjects exposted at rest to 200 ppm methanol vapors for 4 h. No marked differences in serum formate levels were distinguished between exposure and control tests. A slight but not substantial increase in urine formate excretion rate was detected at 4 h. Serum and urine formate determinations were not judged sensitive biomarkers of methanol exposure at the TLV. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - D'Alessandro, Alessandra AU - Osterloh, John D AU - Chuwers, Patricia AU - Quinlan, Patricia J AU - Kelly, Thomas J AU - Becker, Charles E Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - Feb 1994 SP - 178 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOLOGY, HUMANLABORATORY KW - THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES KW - METHANOL KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, AIR KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14347155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Formate+in+Serum+and+Urine+After+Controlled+Methanol+Exposure+at+the+Threshold+Limit+Value&rft.au=D%27Alessandro%2C+Alessandra%3BOsterloh%2C+John+D%3BChuwers%2C+Patricia%3BQuinlan%2C+Patricia+J%3BKelly%2C+Thomas+J%3BBecker%2C+Charles+E&rft.aulast=D%27Alessandro&rft.aufirst=Alessandra&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 4 |t Tables N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BIOLOGY, HUMANLABORATORY; THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES; METHANOL; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, AIR ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total Suspended Particulate Matter and Daily Mortality in Cincinnati, Ohio AN - 14345480; 10482637 AB - The strength of the reported association between particulate air pollution and daily mortality was tested with data for Cincinnati, OH. Graphical diagnostic techniques were used to assure adequate control for season and weather and to confirm that risk is pronounced for the elderly and for deaths from cardiovascular disease and pneumonia. Total suspended particulate was associated with an increased risk of mortality for the 1977-82 period studied. Similar findings from other cities suggest that this relationship should be considered causal. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schwartz, Joel Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - Feb 1994 SP - 186 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - OHIO KW - URBAN ATMOSPHERE KW - PARTICULATES KW - AIR POLLUTION DAMAGE KW - MORTALITY PATTERNS KW - TEMPORAL COMPARISONS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14345480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Total+Suspended+Particulate+Matter+and+Daily+Mortality+in+Cincinnati%2C+Ohio&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Joel&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 5 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - OHIO; AIR POLLUTION DAMAGE; MORTALITY PATTERNS; PARTICULATES; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; TEMPORAL COMPARISONS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Problems Behind the Great Wall AN - 14345443; 10482634 AB - Diverse environmental problems due to resource overuse, rapid industrialization, and overpopulation have surfaced in China. The most serious environmental health problem is air pollution. Respiratory disease is a leading cause of death in the nation, and largely attributable to elevated atmospheric levels of sulfur dioxide and particulates emitted from coal combustion. These pollutants are also found in elevated concentrations in the indoor environment. Many drinking water supplies are contaminated by fluoride and arsenic. The burgeoning environmental movement in China seeks to address these widespread problems and currently relies on international monetary assistance. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hricko, Andrea Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - Feb 1994 SP - 154 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC KW - COAL COMBUSTION KW - ENV MANAGEMENT, NON US KW - AIR POLLUTION DAMAGE KW - WATER POLLUTION DAMAGE KW - WATER, DRINKING KW - ENV PROBLEMS, GENERAL KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14345443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Problems+Behind+the+Great+Wall&rft.au=Hricko%2C+Andrea&rft.aulast=Hricko&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 8 |t photos N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ENV MANAGEMENT, NON US; AIR POLLUTION DAMAGE; WATER POLLUTION DAMAGE; CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC; WATER, DRINKING; COAL COMBUSTION; ENV PROBLEMS, GENERAL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships Between Toxicopathic Hepatic Lesions and Exposure to Chemical Contaminants in English Sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), Starry Flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and White Croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) from Selected Marine Sites on the Pacific Coast, USA AN - 14342511; 10482639 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Myers, Mark S AU - Stehr, Carla M AU - Olson, OPaul AU - Johnson, Lyndal L AU - McCain, Bruce B AU - Chan, S-L AU - Varanasi, Usha Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - Feb 1994 SP - 200 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BIOACCUMULATION, FISH KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, FISH KW - TUMORIGENIC AGENTS KW - SPECIES COMPARISONS KW - FISH, SALTWATER KW - HEPATOTOXICITY KW - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, MARINE KW - UNITED STATES WEST KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14342511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Relationships+Between+Toxicopathic+Hepatic+Lesions+and+Exposure+to+Chemical+Contaminants+in+English+Sole+%28Pleuronectes+vetulus%29%2C+Starry+Flounder+%28Platichthys+stellatus%29%2C+and+White+Croaker+%28Genyonemus+lineatus%29+from+Selected+Marine+Sites+on+the+Pacific+Coast%2C+USA&rft.au=Myers%2C+Mark+S%3BStehr%2C+Carla+M%3BOlson%2C+OPaul%3BJohnson%2C+Lyndal+L%3BMcCain%2C+Bruce+B%3BChan%2C+S-L%3BVaranasi%2C+Usha&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 3 |t graphs N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, FISH; BIOACCUMULATION, FISH; SPECIES COMPARISONS; FISH, SALTWATER; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, MARINE; HEPATOTOXICITY; UNITED STATES WEST; TUMORIGENIC AGENTS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nonhuman Primates by the Food Mutagen 2-Amino-3-Methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline AN - 14339891; 10482638 AB - The carcinogenic effects of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoine (IQ), a heterocyclic aromatic amine formed during the cooking of meat and fish, were evaluated in the macaque. Monkeys received IQ by gavage five times per week at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg. The compound induced hepatocellular carcinoma in 55% of the animals at the low doses and in 95% of the monkeys at the higher dose. Pulmonary metastases were also detected in several subjects. IQ was judged a potent carcinogen in nonhuman primates and a potential carcinogen in humans. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Adamson, Richard H AU - Takayama, Shozo AU - Sugimura, Takashi AU - Thorgeirsson, Unnur P Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - Feb 1994 SP - 190 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 VL - 102 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - AROMATIC AMINES KW - PATHOLOGY, ANIMALLABORATORY KW - CARCINOGEN TESTING KW - HEPATOTOXICITY KW - MONKEYS KW - MUTAGENIC AGENTS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14339891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Induction+of+Hepatocellular+Carcinoma+in+Nonhuman+Primates+by+the+Food+Mutagen+2-Amino-3-Methylimidazo%5B4%2C5-f%5Dquinoline&rft.au=Adamson%2C+Richard+H%3BTakayama%2C+Shozo%3BSugimura%2C+Takashi%3BThorgeirsson%2C+Unnur+P&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 7 |t photos N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AROMATIC AMINES; HEPATOTOXICITY; PATHOLOGY, ANIMALLABORATORY; MONKEYS; MUTAGENIC AGENTS; CARCINOGEN TESTING ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on the Impact of Health Care Reform on Schools. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62691446; ED375948 AB - These hearing transcripts present testimony concerning the impact of proposed health care reforms on American elementary and secondary schools. The hearing focused on how the proposed Health Security Act would affect and benefit schools and how American schools can assist in realizing the objectives of the Act. Much of the testimony was presented by Clinton Administration officials and representatives of education and health organizations who support the act. Testimony was heard from: (1) U.S. Surgeon General M. Joycelyn Elders; (2) Thomas W. Payzant, assistant secretary for elementary and secondary education, U.S. Department of Education; (3) the head of the New York's United Federation of Teachers union; (4) the secretary/treasurer of the National Education Association; (5) the vice president of the National School Boards Association; (6) an associate school district superintendent; (7) the director of the Vermont Department of Maternal and Child Health; (8) the executive director of the National School Health Education Coalition; (9) the executive director of the National Association of State Boards of Education; (10) the American Heart Association; (11) the American Association of University Women; (12) a professor from George Washington University; and (13) a doctor. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/01/26/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 26 SP - 152 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160445701 KW - Clinton Administration KW - Congress 103rd KW - Health Care Reform KW - Health Policy KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Attitudes KW - Health Care Costs KW - School Health Services KW - Health Needs KW - Federal Legislation KW - Agencies KW - Federal Programs KW - Advocacy KW - School Role KW - Program Development KW - Hearings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62691446?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-61. Document contains several pages N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Partners in Creating a 21st Century Head Start. Hearing on Detailing the Recommendations Made in the Report of the Committee on Head Start Quality and Expansion in Preparation for the 1994 Head Start Reauthorization Process, before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate. One Hundred Third Congress, First Session. AN - 62810015; ED369566 AB - This hearing examined issues concerning Project Head Start quality and expansion. Testimony was offered by: (1) Senator Edward Kennedy, who discussed the importance of strengthening Head Start; (2) Mary Jo Bane, Assistant Secretary for the Administration for Children and Families, Department of Health and Human Services, who presented highlights of the final report of the Advisory Committee on Head Start Expansion and answered questions about the committee's work; (3) Ronald Herndon, president of the National Head Start Association, who spoke about his experiences as a Head Start program director; (4) Diane Hebert, a parent and committee member of a Head Start program who related how Head Start had helped her and her children; (5) Marian Wright Edelman, president of the Children's Defense Fund, who lauded the expansion of Head Start; (6) Edward Zigler, one of the founders of Head Start, who called for more focused appropriations for the program; (7) Douglas Besharov, a scholar with the American Enterprise Institute, who warned that Head Start may be less cost effective than other forms of preschool education; and (8) Lisbeth Schorr of Harvard University, who argued that children should enter Head Start at an earlier age. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/01/12/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 12 SP - 63 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160440785 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Program Expansion KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Preschool Education KW - Government Role KW - Parent Participation KW - Hearings KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Program Evaluation KW - Public Policy KW - School Readiness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62810015?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contains a few pages of small, broken type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - COMMONALITIES IN TOUCH, HEARING, VISION AND TASTE AN - 85296080; cs-265833 AB - Though specialized to process particular kinds of stimulus energies andinformation, different sense modalities also share important principles ofinformation processing. Understanding similarities and common principles,and the underlying mechanisms, forms this project's long-range goal. Thepresent proposal brings techniques of human psychophysical measurement tobear on two topics: intensity summation and selective attention. Thecharacteristics of summation, which is found in most if not allmodalities, may not be fixed but depend on properties of stimulation: Thequantitative rules governing, for example, interaural loudness summationcan depend on the stimulus range. Using methods of intensity scaling,studies will determine whether stimulus range also modifies intensitysummation in touch perception (e.g., summation of two frequency componentsof vibratory stimuli) and chemosensation (summation of gustatory andolfactory components in 'flavors'); studies using intensity-comparisonwill seek to confirm these effects. Other studies will determine whetherrelated changes take place in the discriminability of pairs of stimuli.The second main topic concerns the role of attention in selectiveprocessing of stimuli and stimulus dimensions. Focusing attention inhearing on a single frequency leads to depressed sensitivity to other,distant signal frequencies, thereby revealing the presence of individualchannels ('attention bands'). Using detection and discrimination methods,studies will determine how similar selective processing characterizestouch, taste, and olfactory perception, evaluating attention bands fordifferent qualities (e.g., different tastes), different spatial locations(e.g., tactile stimulation of different fingers), and different modalities(e.g., separate bands for olfactory and gustatory components in flavors).Related studies will determine how information from different channelscombines. Attention can also guide processing of particular dimensions.Processing of perceptual information is often most efficient when stimulivary on perceptually-primary dimensions. Studies will use discriminationmethods to measure the ability to attend selectively to differences indistance, time, and velocity of moving visual stimuli. Lastly, althoughdifferent modalities (e.g., vision and hearing) are often consideredindependent, tasks requiring rapid processing reveal intermodalinteractions in response speed. Studies will determine whether suchinteractions are also evident in unspeeded tasks, using discriminationmethods that provide separate measures of perceptual sensitivity andresponse criterion. In sum, this research program should shed importantlight on the basic operations of human perceptual systems. Not only canthis improve our understanding of normal sensory-perceptual functioning inhealthy individuals, but ultimately also disorders in individuals withsensory impairments and attentional deficits. JF - JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC.; 290 CONGRESS AVE; NEW HAVEN, CT 06519, nih; NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS, 1994 AU - MARKS, Lawrence E PY - 1994 PB - JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC.; 290 CONGRESS AVE; NEW HAVEN, CT 06519 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85296080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=COMMONALITIES+IN+TOUCH%2C+HEARING%2C+VISION+AND+TASTE&rft.au=MARKS%2C+Lawrence+E&rft.aulast=MARKS&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - GEN T1 - CLINICAL OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS AN - 85288893; cs-265457 JF - JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC.; 290 CONGRESS AVE; NEW HAVEN, CT 06519, nih; NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS, 1994 AU - CAIN, William S PY - 1994 PB - JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC.; 290 CONGRESS AVE; NEW HAVEN, CT 06519 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85288893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=CLINICAL+OLFACTORY+PSYCHOPHYSICS&rft.au=CAIN%2C+William+S&rft.aulast=CAIN&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hidden costs and benefits of government card technologies AN - 745656476; 138640 AB - We explore here two specific examples of this cost/benefit evaluation applied to card technologies: food stamps and other assistance cards, and health-care cards. The U.S. Federal government is currently promoting both of these applications in conjunction with State governments and providers. The applications are promoted as modernizing and cost-saving measures in a period of tight budgets, but without necessarily considering the full costs or benefits. The cases presented in this article clearly do not represent all Federal programs, but the comprehensive approach discussed here is appropriate to others. JF - IEEE Technology and Society Magazine AU - Hausken, Tom AU - Bruening, Paula AD - Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 24 EP - 32 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0278-0097, 0278-0097 KW - Cost accounting KW - Food stamps KW - Smart cards KW - US Federal Government KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Evaluation KW - Technology KW - W4 911.1:COST ACCOUNTING KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745656476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Technology+and+Society+Magazine&rft.atitle=Hidden+costs+and+benefits+of+government+card+technologies&rft.au=Hausken%2C+Tom%3BBruening%2C+Paula&rft.aulast=Hausken&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Technology+and+Society+Magazine&rft.issn=02780097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Evaluation; Technology ER - TY - GEN T1 - Field Hearing on the Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session New York, NY (June 14, 1993). AN - 62821167; ED371725 AB - This hearing focused on education in New York, including recommendations for corrective actions to improve school governance and management in the areas of custodial services and school bus transportation. The report includes testimony from: Andrew J. Stein, President, New York City Council; Kevin Gill, Executive Director, Division of Support Services, New York City Board of Education; Richard Ahola, Executive Liaison for Central Services, New York State Education Department; Bruce Cooper, Professor of Administration and Public Policy, Fordham University; Jean S. Adilifu, Assistant Executive Superintendent, Newark Board of Education; John Fager, Cochair, Parents Coalition; and Michael Strasser, Assistant Commissioner, Division of Surface Transit Operations, Department of Education. (JLB) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 114 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington DC 20402. SN - 0160441714 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Janitorial Services KW - New York KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Programs KW - Student Transportation KW - Government Role KW - Federal Programs KW - Educational Change KW - Educational Administration KW - School Districts KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Innovation KW - Educational Improvement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62821167?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-45. For a related hearing, see ED 3 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Education Reform. Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session. Special Hearing. AN - 62820951; ED371862 AB - This special hearing, held in Portland, Oregon, addressed the concept of allowing states and local governments more flexibility in their use of federal funds designated for educational programs in exchange for increased state and local accountability. It focused on programs and policies in place or under consideration in the states of Oregon and Washington. Testimony was presented by: (1) U.S. Representative Jolene Unsoeld of Washington; (2) Oregon State Senator Shirley Gold; (3) U.S. Representative Peter DeFazio of Oregon; (4) school superintendents from Salem, Oregon, and Olympia, Washington; (5) Oregon State Representative Carolyn Oakley; (6) the heads of boards of education in Salem and Trigard, Oregon; (7) teachers, principals, and a professor from Oregon public schools and universities; and (8) David Geiger, president of the Oregon School Boards Association. (MDM) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 68 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160441846 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Oregon KW - Washington KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Programs KW - Program Descriptions KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Federal Aid KW - Special Needs Students KW - Government School Relationship KW - Community Programs KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Public Policy KW - Accountability KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Change KW - Hearings KW - Federal State Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62820951?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contains two pages of small/broken type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Child Nutrition Programs: Issues for the 103d Congress. Prepared for the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. AN - 62816929; ED371827 AB - This report is designed to provide members of Congress and the general public with information about the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), in light of the fact that a number of provisions of the National School Lunch and Child Nutrition Acts are to be reauthorized during the current congressional term. It contains a description of the NSLP and its current funding levels, along with an analysis of the relationship between NSLP disbursements to schools to cover program administration costs and school participation in the NSLP. The impact of hunger and malnutrition on student achievement is also reviewed. The bulk of the report consists of five appendixes which provide: (1) a narrative legislative history and analysis of child nutrition programs enacted since 1945; (2) letters from Senators Patrick J. Leahy (Vermont) and Richard Lugar (Indiana) in support of NSLP reauthorization; (3) letters from educational groups to members of Congress supporting NSLP reauthorization; (4) letters from state agencies to members of Congress supporting NSLP reauthorization; and (5) a 90-item annotated bibliography of materials concerning child nutrition. (MDM) Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 240 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160439787 KW - Congress 103rd KW - National School Lunch and Child Nutrition Act 1975 KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Government School Relationship KW - Government Role KW - Lunch Programs KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Public Policy KW - Nutrition KW - School Activities KW - Position Papers KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Program Evaluation KW - Policy Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62816929?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-H. Contains many pages of small typ N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on H.R. 6, the Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1993. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Oakland, Michigan, May 1, 1993). AN - 62816538; ED371834 AB - These hearing transcripts present testimony concerning the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), which since 1965 has provided the bulk of federal aid to elementary and secondary schools and related programs. Much of the testimony was from Michigan school administrators, teachers, and educational specialists who voiced opinions about the efficacy of specific programs funded by the ESEA, particularly those programs that they would like to see expanded or improved. Testimony was heard from: (1) a district reading specialist; (2) an elementary school principal; (3) a Chapter 1 teacher; (4) a district staff development specialist; (5) a district intermediate school director of general education; (6) an assistant superintendent for curriculum; (7) a district bilingual/migrant program consultant; (8) a bilingual/migrant teacher; (9) a professor of education; (10) an elementary school teacher; and (11) a high school library technology coordinator. (MDM) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 92 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160440726 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - Michigan KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Librarians KW - Administrators KW - Federal Aid KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Reading Consultants KW - Public Policy KW - Educational Attitudes KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Hearings KW - Teachers KW - Program Evaluation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62816538?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-41. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Public Secondary School Teacher Survey on Vocational Education. Contractor Report. Statistical Analysis Report. AN - 62812036; ED367876 AB - In fall 1992, the National Assessment of Vocational Education Teacher Survey gathered data on the context of vocational education in public secondary schools through questionnaires sent to 2,071 vocational and academic secondary teachers. Response was 93 percent (1,924 teachers). Almost all teachers taught full time and had a significant amount of teaching experience. Class size was slightly lower and class length was somewhat longer in vocational courses. Vocational courses differed by the activities and teaching methods used during class. Homework was much more likely to have been assigned during a 5-day period in academic courses; vocational course students were about twice as likely to have used some kind of instrument, tools or equipment, and computers. Large proportions of both groups of teachers planned to include written examinations and quizzes. Vocational teachers were likely to administer a performance test or assess a student's portfolio. The mathematics and science content of most vocational courses was limited. Teachers in both groups reported the leading determinants of students' grades were basic reading skills, completing work on time, creative thinking and problem solving, and self-management skills, although occupational skills were significantly more likely to contribute to a vocational student's grade. (Over one-half of the report consists of 23 tables of estimates and standard errors. The questionnaire is appended.) (YLB) AU - Heaviside, Sheila Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 80 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NCES-94-409 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Course Content KW - Integrated Curriculum KW - Teacher Attitudes KW - Academic Achievement KW - Secondary School Teachers KW - Secondary Education KW - Portfolios (Background Materials) KW - Teacher Surveys KW - Grading KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Grades (Scholastic) KW - Public Schools KW - Educational Environment KW - Learning Activities KW - Vocational Education KW - Student Evaluation KW - Teacher Qualifications KW - Tables (Data) KW - Teaching Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62812036?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Issues of Curriculum Reform in Science, Mathematics and Higher Order Thinking across the Disciplines. AN - 62811976; ED368064 AB - This literature review is the first phase of an extensive review of curriculum reform in science, mathematics and higher order thinking across the disciplines. The first of eight sections is an executive summary addressing the major themes of the document. The second section deals with several general issues of curricular reform concerning teaching and learning. The next three sections address separate aspects of school curriculum: mathematics, science, and higher order thinking across the disciplines. Each subject and section explores the historical context from which curriculum reform in this area emerges, characteristics of curriculum reform, required changes in curriculum, and current projects under way. The sixth section covers the process of curriculum reform. It is a multifaceted process that varies substantially from one time and setting to another. The next section addresses the context for reform in this country with attention given to national, state, and regional efforts at curriculum reform. The final section addresses the implications for the Curriculum Reform Project, for which this review of literature provided a foundation. A bibliography and a list of other Studies of Education Reform Program reports and a bibliography of 251 references are included (JPT) Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 147 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - OR-94-3408 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Thinking Skills KW - Curriculum Research KW - Science Curriculum KW - Public Schools KW - Curriculum Development KW - Mathematics Curriculum KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Government Publications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62811976?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Prepared under the auspicious the Curriculum Refor N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of 1993. Hearing on S. 1345 To Provide Land-Grant Status for Tribally Controlled Community Colleges, Tribally Controlled Postsecondary Vocational Institutions, the Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development, Southwest Indian Polytechnic Institute, and Haskell Indian Junior College, before the Committee on Indian Affairs. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (November 18, 1993). AN - 62811429; ED370745 AB - A Senate committee hearing received testimony on the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act, which would extend land-grant status and concomitant federal aid to 29 Indian tribal colleges and postsecondary institutions. Senators and representatives of the National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges, Navajo Community College, the American Indian Higher Education Consortium, Sinte Gleska University, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Indian Education Programs endorsed the act and discussed the analogies between the mission of tribal colleges and that of present land-grant institutions, the underfunding of tribal colleges, the need for education in agriculture and natural resource management on American Indian reservations, and the opportunity for expanded rural extension initiatives that land-grant status would provide. Additional materials submitted to the committee include a list of the benefits of land-grant status; a description of the mission, philosophy, programs, students, and needs of Navajo Community College (NCC); statistical information on the Navajo community and economy; results of a survey of NCC graduates; and a proposed amendment to the bill. (SV) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 84 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160441692 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technical Institutes KW - Land Grant Universities KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Federal Aid KW - Rural Extension KW - Tribally Controlled Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Vocational Schools KW - Hearings KW - Community Colleges KW - American Indian Education KW - Agricultural Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62811429?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contains some small or broken type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Implementing of Public Law 102-477, the Indian Employment, Training and Related Services Demonstration Act of 1992. Hearing on Regulations Dealing with Section 401 Job Training Partnership Act before the Committee on Indian Affairs. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (September 15, 1993). AN - 62810586; ED367520 AB - In October 1992, Congress passed legislation supporting American Indian tribal demonstration projects that would consolidate employment services, job training, and related services to improve the effectiveness of such services, reduce unemployment, and further tribal goals. In September 1993, a Senate hearing received testimony concerning the extent of implementation of these pilot projects. Representatives of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Department of Labor, and the Department of Health and Human Services reported that: (1) these agencies had established a management framework specifying their roles and responsibilities with respect to the statute; (2) the agencies were developing written guidance for tribes on project implementation, as well as consolidated program report forms; and (3) 55 tribes were willing to participate in program implementation during fiscal year 1994. Representatives of tribes and Indian organizations discussed: (1) the importance of federal agencies treating the tribes as full partners in the implementation process; (2) concerns that federal agencies not create barriers to implementation; (3) the relationship of this initiative to ongoing tribal self-governance initiatives; (4) the need for data collection that would allow program evaluation in terms of local circumstances; and (5) concerns over Department of Labor plans to publish new regulations affecting Indian Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) programs. An appendix making up the bulk of this document contains the text of the legislation (Public Law 102-477), much discussion about the proposed JTPA regulations, reports on Native unemployment and economic development efforts on reservations and in urban areas, and a description of a planned electronic network linking grantees with each other and with federal agencies. (SV) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 142 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160434858 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Indian Employment Training Rel Svc Demon Act 1992 KW - Job Training Partnership Act 1982 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Tribes KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Employment Services KW - Program Implementation KW - Federal Programs KW - Hearings KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Pilot Projects KW - American Indian Education KW - Job Training KW - Tribal Sovereignty UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62810586?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contains some small print. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Federal Prison Industries, Inc.--Unicor. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Intellectual Property and Judicial Administration of the Committee on the Judiciary. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (March 11, 1993). AN - 62810370; ED372257 AB - This document records the oral and written testimony of witnesses at a Congressional hearing on UNICOR, Federal Prison Industries, Inc., a self-supporting government corporation created in 1934 to formalize prison management efforts to provide dependable work for the greatest number of inmates. The hearing centered on concerns about providing enough work for federal prisoners to learn from it and to be kept occupied and from private sector concerns about displacing work that can be done by private firms. Witnesses included representatives of manufacturers, labor unions, prison management associations, and government agencies. Various proposals were made to increase the labor-intensive aspects of prisoner work without displacing private companies from selling to the federal government. Industry representatives opposed mandatory preference for prison work-products for purchase by the federal government. Discussion was not conclusive. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 135 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160436370 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Federal Prison Industries Inc KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Employer Attitudes KW - Unions KW - Hearings KW - Correctional Rehabilitation KW - Employment KW - Adults KW - Prisoners KW - Economic Impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62810370?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 15. Document contains some small type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The School-To-Work Opportunities Act of 1993. Hearings on S. 1361, to Establish a National Framework for the Development of School-to-Work Opportunities Systems in All States, and for Other Purposes before the Subcommittee on Employment and Productivity of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (September 28 and October 14, 1993). AN - 62809675; ED367913 AB - This document records the oral and written given by witnesses at a Congressional hearing on the School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1993 held in Fall 1993. Witnesses included Senators, the U.S. Secretary of Education, the U.S. Secretary of Labor, business officials, school officials, and program directors of various local and state programs. The testimony noted that the United States is one of the few Western nations that does not provide a career path for noncollege-bound students. It was suggested that formal programs encompassing the last 2 years of high school and 1-2 years after high school be set up to provide students with skills and certification. Cooperation between school systems and business and industry is essential to set up such programs. Testimony also profiled various successful programs throughout the country, such as "academies" for various industries set up within high schools. Such programs have resulted in students not only gaining job skills but also going on for further training or college education. Also stressed was the need to set and adhere high standards and to have staff encouraging young people to look to their futures. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 185 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160440408 KW - Congress 103rd KW - School to Work Opportunities Act 1993 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - High Risk Students KW - Noncollege Bound Students KW - Educational Finance KW - Educational Needs KW - School Business Relationship KW - Educational Improvement KW - Secondary Education KW - Dropout Prevention KW - Federal Legislation KW - Hearings KW - Federal State Relationship KW - State Federal Aid KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62809675?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For a related document, see CE 066 219. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Educating the Small Business Work Force. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Development of Rural Enterprises, Exports, and the Environment of the Committee on Small Business. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (September 21, 1993). AN - 62809639; ED372256 AB - This document records the oral testimony and written reports of witnesses who testified at a Congressional hearing on education for entry-level workers who are needed by small businesses. Those who offered oral or written testimony included representatives of the following: National Alliance of Business, the American Society for Training and Development, the Educational Testing Service, the Council on Competitiveness, and the Executive Secretarial School. The testimony centered on the theme that noncollege-bound students, who represent about 75 percent of students, do not have the basic skills needed to fill the jobs available and to advance in those jobs. Witnesses suggested that many kinds of reform have been tried with little success. They pointed to Goals 2000, however, as the type of movement that is needed and that might provide the goals necessary for collective work toward a more competitive work force. Some witnesses believe that educational reform cannot be just "tinkering around the edges," but must be a complete overhaul of the school system. Others suggested a "youth apprenticeship" program for the last 2 years of high school, with employers playing a greater role in training students for the jobs available. According to one witness, schools and employers need to agree on validated skills necessary for high school graduates so noncollege-bound students have some incentive to study. In addition, education should stress more applications, according to several witnesses. Some witnesses also stated that small businesses cannot afford training for their employees and that the federal government should provide tax incentives for training personnel, just as they do for technology and equipment purchases. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 152 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160436613 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - High School Graduates KW - Employment Projections KW - Noncollege Bound Students KW - Educational Trends KW - Educational Needs KW - Job Training KW - Labor Needs KW - Small Businesses KW - Employment Potential KW - Job Skills KW - High Schools KW - Vocational Education KW - Labor Force Development KW - Futures (of Society) KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62809639?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-48. Document contains some small ty N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reauthorization of the Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (June 10, 1993). AN - 62809488; ED369248 AB - This text of a hearing on the reauthorization of the Technology Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988 addresses such issues as clearer standards of accountability, establishment of low-interest loan programs for consumers, increased assistive technology training, outreach to minority populations, dissemination of information across State lines, and continued development of assistive technologies. The text contains delivered statements by representatives of the United Cerebral Palsy Association, the New York State Department of Education, the North Carolina Assistive Technology Project, the New Mexico Technology-Related Assistance Project, the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, the Office of Management and Budget, and the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. Additional prepared statements and supplementary materials are included from the Electronic Industries Association Consumer Electronics Group and Congressional representatives Harris W. Fawell (Illinois) and Major R. Owens (New York). (DB) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 127 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160434742 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Technology Related Assistance Individ Disabil Act KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Technological Advancement KW - State Programs KW - Financial Support KW - Federal Aid KW - Government Role KW - Information Dissemination KW - Research and Development KW - Public Policy KW - Assistive Devices (for Disabled) KW - Accountability KW - Accessibility (for Disabled) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Disabilities KW - Hearings KW - Organizations (Groups) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62809488?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-36. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Facility and Telecommunications Needs of Tribally Controlled Community Colleges. Hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (July 29, 1993). AN - 62808531; ED366494 AB - A Senate committee hearing received testimony on the condition of facilities at tribal colleges and on the role that telecommunications technology might perform in helping tribal colleges accomplish their mission. Representatives of tribal colleges described inadequate and unsafe buildings with leaky roofs and structural problems, trailers and donated spaces used as classrooms, problems with electricity and other utilities, growing enrollments and overcrowding, and the lack of federal funds for building repair and renovation. The telecommunications project director of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium summarized plans for an educational telecommunications network that would link tribal colleges, reservation schools, and tribal community-services agencies. Appendices contain prepared statements that describe the history of federal funding for tribal telecommunications and distance-learning projects; provide details on funding needed for construction projects and telecommunications equipment; and discuss the history, socio-political environment, physical resources, educational accomplishments, enrollment trends, construction and renovation needs, and costs of capital improvement and renovation projects at Navajo Community College (Arizona/New Mexico). Photographs of Sinte Gleska University (South Dakota) facilities are included. (SV) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 124 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160434378 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Equipment Needs KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Facility Requirements KW - Two Year Colleges KW - Federal Aid KW - Construction Needs KW - College Buildings KW - Telecommunications KW - Distance Education KW - Tribally Controlled Education KW - Hearings KW - Construction Costs KW - Community Colleges KW - American Indian Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62808531?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contains some broken print. Photographs will not r N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Navy Training Policy. Hearing before the Military Forces and Personnel Subcommittee on the Committee on Armed Services. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (June 8, 1993). AN - 62808423; ED366847 AB - This document records the oral and written testimony of participants in a hearing on training policy for the U.S. Navy. The principal witness was Admiral Stanley Arthur, Vice Chief of Naval Operations. Testimony concerned Navy flight training, especially in regard to training pilots for landing on carrier ships, and other aspects of Navy preparedness. Various scenarios of training were reviewed, and the costs of various training alternatives were discussed. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 27 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160436478 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Navy KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Military Training KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Program Costs KW - Hearings KW - Public Policy KW - Flight Training KW - Educational Needs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62808423?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - H.A.S.C. No. 103-25. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - School to Work Programs: An Opportunity for Oregon To Lead Again. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Regulation, Business Opportunities, and Technology of the Committee on Small Business. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Portland, Oregon, April 7, 1994). AN - 62808040; ED372259 AB - This document records the oral and written testimony given by witnesses at a Congressional hearing conducted to look at Oregon's efforts in school-business partnerships and school-to-work transition programs. Witnesses included representatives of federal and state agencies, private industries participating in the programs, and schools participating in the programs. Witnesses testified about the programs and how they operate. They cited successes and pointed to their efforts in Oregon as models for the rest of the United States to follow. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 28 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160445914 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Oregon KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Programs KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Cooperative Education KW - Hearings KW - Institutional Cooperation KW - School Business Relationship KW - Secondary Education KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62808040?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-79. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Oversight Hearings on Dislocated Workers. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Labor-Management Relations of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (April 20, July 29, and September 20, 1993). AN - 62808011; ED372258 AB - This document records the oral and written testimony given by witnesses at a series of three Congressional hearings conducted in 1993 to review federal retraining programs for dislocated workers. Witnesses included representatives of federal and state agencies, and Private Industry Councils. Witnesses testified about their programs and what has worked and has not worked in their efforts to retrain dislocated workers. The existing programs were described and suggestions made for improvements, including putting programs in place before layoffs, and shortening the timeframe for retraining programs so workers can afford to complete them. However, according to witnesses, whatever successes have occurred have been tempered by the sluggish economy and the reality that most of the new jobs for which workers can be retrained pay substantially less than the jobs they have lost. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 530 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160436966 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Programs KW - Retraining KW - Hearings KW - Dislocated Workers KW - Wages KW - Educational Needs KW - Job Training KW - Employment Programs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62808011?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-38. Document contains some small ty N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Intercollegiate Sports (Part 2). Hearings before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (June 23 and August 4, 1993). AN - 62807938; ED368248 AB - The House of Representatives Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness met to hear testimony on sex discrimination in secondary and college level athletic programs. The witnesses on the first panel were all current or former college students and plaintiffs in four recent and significant Title IX cases. Title IX was part of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 that put an end to sex discrimination in education, including sports. The witnesses were Rollin Haffer, a former student of Temple University (Pennsylvania); Jennifer Baldwin Cook, a former ice hockey player for Colgate University (New York); Amy Cohen, a gymnast, and Megan Hull, a volleyball player both from Brown University (Rhode Island); and Susan B. Kiechel, a former student at Auburn University (Alabama) and a soccer player. A question and answer session probed students' experiences with the Office of Civil Rights. A second panel of witnesses included Nancy Benda, director, Equal Educational Opportunity Program, Florida Department of Education; Ola Bundy, of the Illinois High School Association; Christine Pride, a senior at John F. Kennedy High School (Maryland); Dorothy Gaters, basketball coach at John Marshall High School (Illinois); and Wanda Oates, basketball coach at Ballou High School (District of Columbia). Additional testimony was submitted for the record by Betty Castor, Commissioner of Education of the Florida Department of Education. (JB) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 151 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160435307 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Florida KW - Title IX Education Amendments 1972 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Athletic Coaches KW - Higher Education KW - Intercollegiate Cooperation KW - Sex Discrimination KW - College Athletics KW - Womens Athletics KW - High Schools KW - Hearings KW - Federal Regulation KW - College Students KW - Females KW - Court Litigation KW - High School Students KW - Athletes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62807938?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-58. For part I, see ED 359 188. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Youth Violence: A Community Resource. Hearing on Experience and Reaction to Trends Regarding Juvenile Violence Within the Jurisdiction of Phoenix and Tucson, AZ, before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Phoenix and Tucson, AZ, June 1-2, 1993). AN - 62807099; ED368830 AB - Data show that gangs, drugs, and random murders are becoming staples in the lives of U.S. children. Every major U.S. city is facing a deadly gang problem, exemplified by drive-by shootings and teenagers brandishing assault weapons. This document presents witness testimony, prepared statements, and panel discussions that examine the problem of gang violence and the use of firearms by young people within the community, as well as what has and has not worked in attempting to eliminate these problems at the local level. Panelists include Stanley G. Feldman, Chief Justice of the Arizona Supreme Court; Sophia Lopez, representing Mothers Against Gangs; Lora Nye, chairperson, Phoenix Blockwatch Commission; Robert K. Corbin, president, National Rifle Association; and several Arizona city mayors, law enforcement officials and judges, school district administrators, and representatives of community anti-gang grass roots organizations. An appendix contains additional submissions that were submitted for the record. (GLR) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 290 PB - Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325. SN - 0160434521 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Crime Prevention KW - Local Issues KW - Juvenile Gangs KW - Hearings KW - Gun Control KW - Delinquency Prevention KW - Youth Problems KW - Violence KW - Juvenile Justice KW - Adolescents KW - Problem Solving UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62807099?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. J-103-17. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Issues in Designing a Federal Program of Income-Contingent Student Loans. CBO Memorandum. AN - 62806951; ED366278 AB - In response to Congressional requests to analyze proposed federal programs that would provide income-contingent loans (ICLs) to postsecondary students, this report of the Congressional Budget Office examines the fundamental issues in designing such programs. It identifies the key parameters that define an ICL program, discusses the relationships among them, and explores other issues that bear on how an ICL program could be fashioned. Specific questions addressed include whether ICLs should be federally subsidized, whether some borrowers subsidize other borrowers, and if borrowers would alter their behavior in response to the terms of an ICL. Other factors that would affect the terms of an ICL are discussed including cumulative loan amount, length of repayment period, payback rate relative to income, interest rate, and the administrative burden on the borrower. The report also includes a table of the basic types of income-contingent loans. (GLR) Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 31 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Program Design KW - Student Loan Programs KW - Paying for College KW - Loan Repayment KW - Educational Legislation KW - Income Contingent Loans KW - Federal Programs KW - Higher Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62806951?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Veterans' Education and Training Act of 1994. Report Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office. To Accompany H.R. 4768. House of Representatives, 103d Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62806586; ED372268 AB - This document contains the text of the Veterans' Education and Training Act of 1994, as amended and reported out of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs with a recommendation for passage. As reported out of committee, the major provisions of the bill are the following: (1) make permanent a flight training program previously established; (2) include facilities on Indian reservations for training; (3) authorize a 2-year pilot program for state-approved, alternative teacher certification programs; (4) clarify that a veteran may enroll in a course approved by the Secretary of Defense offered at an approved institution outside the United States; (5) set requirements for correspondence courses; (6) extend the expiration date of the Veterans' Advisory Committee on Education to the year 2003; (7) increase the maximum amount made available to State Approving Agencies from $12 million to $13 million; (8) increase the level of funding available for veterans' educational and vocational counseling services provided by contract from $5 million to $6 million; (9) require that wages and benefits paid to veterans receiving veterans' training benefits will not be less than benefits paid to other employees participating in similar training programs in the community; and (10) clarify that an eligible individual may begin a program of job training on the day that the notice of approval is transmitted. The document discusses and analyzes each of these provisions and provides a section-by-section analysis of the act. The full text of the act is included. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 25 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Training Allowances KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Finance KW - Federal Regulation KW - Veterans Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62806586?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Proposed Legislation: Reemployment Act of 1994. Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Draft of Proposed Legislation Entitled, "Reemployment Act of 1994." 103d Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62803763; ED372267 AB - This document contains the text and a section-by-section analysis of the proposed Reemployment Act of 1994, along with President Clinton's message in transmitting the act to Congress. The document reports that job seekers today have a difficult time getting information about jobs and training. The underlying problem is the lack of a coherent employment and training system. The document proposes a true system of lifelong learning, the proposed legislation being a first step in building such a system. The act reflects six key principles: (1) universal access and program consolidation; (2) high-quality reemployment services; (3) high-quality labor market information; (4) one-stop service; (5) effective retraining for dislocated workers; and (6) accountability. The text of the proposed legislation includes a short title, table of contents, findings and purpose, authorizations of appropriations, definitions, and various titles to address the major provisions outlined by the President. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 265 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Retraining KW - Economic Development KW - Educational Needs KW - Job Training KW - Secondary Education KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Dislocated Workers KW - Labor Market KW - Employment Programs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62803763?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Higher Education in Africa. Hearing before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (May 17, 1993). AN - 62802911; ED367203 AB - Testimony on federal aid to higher education in Africa is recorded in this report of a congressional hearing. Subcommittee chairman Senator Paul Simon opened by describing his hope that more U.S. aid be directed to the relatively new but now deteriorating African institutions of higher education. John Hicks, from the Bureau for Africa at the Agency for International Development, testified on early efforts to assist Kenya and Uganda, past assistance in agricultural higher education, and current activities. Fred Hayward, of the American Council on Education, testified by comparing U.S. and African higher education. Frank Morris, Dean of Graduate Study and Research at Morgan State University (Maryland), testified about using indigenous experts, policies that encourage short-term solutions, and the untapped resources of the historically black colleges and universities in the U.S. Carl Schieren of the African American Institute testified on the role of African higher education in national development and the extreme challenges that hinder their efforts. Pearl Robinson of Tufts University (Massachusetts) testified on three programs of the African Academy of Sciences. Also included are prepared statements of all the witnesses and a record of the verbal testimony and questions that followed. (JB) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 64 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160434211 KW - Africa KW - Africans KW - Congress 103rd KW - Kenya KW - Uganda KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Foreign Countries KW - Federal Aid KW - Black Colleges KW - Politics of Education KW - Hearings KW - International Relations KW - Higher Education KW - Foreign Policy KW - Developing Nations KW - Role of Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62802911?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - High Performance Computing and Communications Program. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Science of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (October 26, 1993). AN - 62802801; ED367315 AB - This hearing explores how the High Performance Computing and Communications Program (HPCC) relates to the technology needs of industry. Testimony and prepared statements from the following witnesses on future effects of computing and networking technologies on their companies are included: (1) F. Brett Berlin, president, Brett Berlin Associates, accompanied by David R. Audley, managing director, Prudential Securities; (2) Peter R. Bridenbaugh, executive vice president, science, engineering, environment, safety and health, Aluminum Co. of America; (3) Paul E. Rubbert, unit chief, aerodynamics research, Boeing Commercial Airplane Group; (4) W. Donald Frazer, vice president, Massively Parallel Products, Oracle Corp; and (5) Marvin G. Bloomquist, manager, information technology, Mobil Exploration and Producing Technical Center. (JLB) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 110 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160435242 KW - Congress 103rd KW - High Performance Computing Act 1991 KW - High Performance Computing and Commun Program KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technological Advancement KW - Information Systems KW - Computer Networks KW - Information Technology KW - Federal Legislation KW - Hearings KW - Telecommunications KW - Information Networks KW - Computer System Design KW - Industry KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62802801?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Managing the Federal Direct Student Loan Program. Hearing before the Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (June 10, 1993). AN - 62801199; ED372678 AB - The House Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations met to hear testimony from leaders in government and higher education on managing the federal direct student loan program. Focus was on the Department of Education's plans to correct existing management problems of the Guaranteed Student Loan Program and implement the additional responsibilities of managing a direct lending loan program. Statements are included from the following: Robert E. Andrews, New Jersey Representative; Stephanie Bloomingdale, U.S. Students Association; Thomas A. Butts, for the American Council on Education, American Association of State Colleges and Universities, American Association of Community Colleges, National Association of College and University Business Officers, and National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges; Clarence C. Crawford, :U.S. General Accounting Office; Orcilia Zuniga Forbes, University of New Mexico; William F. Goodling, Representative from Pennsylvania; Madeline Kunin, U.S. Department of Education; Thomas E. Petri, Representative from Wisconsin; Anne Sturtevant, Emory University (Tennessee); and Edolphus Towns, Representative from New York. (JB) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 158 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016044439X KW - Congress 103rd KW - Department of Education KW - Direct Lending KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Program Design KW - Student Loan Programs KW - Program Implementation KW - Federal Programs KW - Policy Formation KW - Educational Finance KW - Hearings KW - Higher Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62801199?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Academic Earmarks--Parts I & II. Hearings before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (June 16; September 15, 1993). AN - 62798015; ED370481 AB - These hearings examined testimony on the practice of academic earmarking by the U.S. Congress, the process of allocating federal funds to academic projects or institutions based upon the influence of one or more members of Congress who favor the funding, rather than on the specific merits of the project or institution. Oral and written testimony for and against earmarking was heard from: (1) Robert M. Rosenzweig, former president of the Association of American Universities; (2) Ken Schlossberg, a consultant; (3) Joe B. Wyatt, chancellor of Vanderbilt University; (4) Charles McCallum, president of the University of Alabama-Birmingham; (5) David Gute, interim director of the Center for Environmental Management, Tufts University; (6) William A. Polf, deputy vice president for health sciences, Columbia University; (7) Alvin Pesachowitz, acting deputy assistant administrator for finance and acquisition, Environmental Protection Agency; (8) Elizabeth E. Smedley, acting chief financial officer, Department of Energy; and (9) Robert W. Brown, deputy associate administrator, Office of Human Resources Education, National Air and Space Administration. An appendix contains additional prepared statements and correspondence relevant to the hearings. (MDM) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 244 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington DC 20402. SN - 0160441927 KW - Academic Earmarking KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Government School Relationship KW - Legislators KW - Government Role KW - Educational Finance KW - Resource Allocation KW - Hearings KW - Higher Education KW - Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62798015?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Abuses in Federal Student Grant Programs. Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (October 27-28, 1993). AN - 62797953; ED369381 AB - It appears that many of the problems plaguing the Federal Student Aid Programs are also undermining the Pell Grant program, not so much from dishonesty on the part of students, but by dishonesty on the part of schools. This document presents testimony and prepared statements concerning the allegations of fraud, abuse, and mismanagement in the Federal Pell Grant program and the effectiveness of the Department of Education in detecting and responding to these problems. Two-thirds of the document is an appendix of 96 exhibits of selected documents, letters, affidavits, and reports from witnesses in order of their appearance before the committee. Among the witnesses testifying before the committee were the following individuals: Senator Claiborne Pell of Rhode Island; Richard C. Stiener, Director of the Office of Special Investigations, U.S. General Accounting office; James B. Thomas, Jr., Inspector General, U.S. Department of Education; David A. Longanecker, Assistant Secretary, Office of Postsecondary Education, U.S. Department of Education; and Sister Janet Fitzgerald, President of Molloy College, Long Island, New York. (GLR) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 561 PB - Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016044134X KW - Congress 103rd KW - Department of Education KW - Pell Grant Program KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Student Loan Programs KW - Federal Aid KW - Fraud KW - Grants KW - Higher Education KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Money Management KW - Paying for College KW - Colleges KW - Federal Programs KW - Finance Reform KW - Hearings KW - Universities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62797953?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contains some pages of small and blurred print. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on School-to-Work Transition. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (July 15, 1993). AN - 62797140; ED369913 AB - This congressional hearing on reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act concentrates on school-to-work transition. Testimony includes statements and prepared statements, letters, and supplemental materials from Representatives in Congress and individuals representing the following: Flint Roundtable, Michigan; Genesee Area Focus Council, Flint, Michigan; Glatfelter Insurance Group; School District of the City of York, Pennsylvania; George C. Marshall High School, Fairfax, Virginia; National Association of State Councils on Vocational Education; National Association of School Psychologists; and National Coalition for Advanced Manufacturing. (YLB) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 61 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160440858 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Legislation KW - High Schools KW - Educational Change KW - Hearings KW - Economic Development KW - Vocational Education KW - Educational Improvement KW - Labor Force Development KW - Futures (of Society) KW - Education Work Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62797140?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-42. For related documents, see ED 3 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The National Education Goals Report. Volume Two: State Data. AN - 62718525; ED383819 AB - The "1994 National Education Goals Report" consists of three documents, a central report focusing on core indicators, a volume devoted to national data, and this volume on state progress toward the National Education Goals. State data is presented in profiles for each state, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Marianas, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. For each state, each of the goals is listed, and information in support of state progress is given in graphs and tables. Direct measures of the goals and objectives are given in such areas as child health and nutrition; high school completion and dropouts; and other measures of academic achievement, including advanced placement programs, adult literacy, educational environment, and school safety. Appendix A lists sources, Appendix B contains the technical notes, and Appendix C lists acknowledgments. (SLD) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 261 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160452031 KW - National Education Goals Panel KW - National Education Goals 1990 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Action KW - High School Graduates KW - Family Environment KW - Educational Objectives KW - Educational Indicators KW - Child Health KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Discipline KW - Comparative Analysis KW - International Studies KW - Profiles KW - Preschool Education KW - Tables (Data) KW - Drug Use KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62718525?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For Volume One, see UD 030 490, for the 1994 Natio N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Folklife Resources in the Library of Congress. Revised Edition. AN - 62717691; ED383634 AB - This booklet, a revised and updated edition of the 1981 Cutting-Baker original work, "Folklife and the Library of Congress: A Survey of Resources", introduces the Library of Congress from the perspective of folklife resources. It also points out some of the relevant materials in various divisions and suggests routes of access to those materials. By familiarizing folklorists and others with the quantity, quality, and diversity of folklife resources in the Library of Congress, this guide is intended to encourage more productive and creative folklife research within the Library. The Library of Congress is one of the great learning resources of the world, with collections unparalleled in size and scope. The volume includes the following: (1) "Preface"; (2) "Using the Library of Congress"; (3) "American Folklife Center"; (4) "Area Studies Divisions" (African and Middle Eastern, Asian, European, and Hispanic); (5) "Children's Literature Center"; (6) "Copyright Office"; (7) "Geography and Map Division"; (8) "Humanities and Social Sciences Division"; (9) "Law Library"; (10) "Local History and Genealogy Reading Room"; (11) "Manuscript Division"; (12) "Microform Reading Room"; (13) "Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division"; (14) "Music Division"; (15) "Prints and Photographs Division"; (16) "Rare Book and Special Collections Division"; (17) "Science and Technology Division"; (18) "Serial and Government Publications Division"; and (19) "Other Library Offices." (EH) AU - Lloyd, Timothy AU - Glatt, Hillary Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 52 PB - American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540-8100. SN - 0844403717 KW - American Folklife Center KW - Library of Congress KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Media Staff KW - Researchers KW - Practitioners KW - Heritage Education KW - Culture KW - Folk Culture KW - Anthropology KW - Cultural Education KW - Material Culture KW - Cultural Maintenance KW - Research Tools KW - Libraries KW - Resource Materials KW - Reference Materials KW - Primary Sources KW - Archives KW - Resource Centers KW - Resources KW - Cultural Background UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62717691?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related item, see SO 025 011. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The National Education Goals Report. Volume One: National Data. AN - 62716891; ED383818 AB - The "1994 National Education Goals Report" consists of three documents, a central report focusing on core indicators, a volume of state data, and this volume of national data about the educational progress the nation and states are making. This volume contains comprehensive sets of measures to describe national progress toward the eight national education goals. Sixteen core indicators describe progress toward six goals; no indicators have yet been developed for the newest goals, parental participation and teacher education and professional development. Exhibits, in graph and chart form, illustrate 16 core indicators: (1) the Children's Health Index; (2) immunizations; (3) family reading and storytelling; (4) preschool participation; (5) high school completion; (6) mathematics achievement; (7) reading achievement; (8) international mathematics achievement comparison; (9) international science achievement comparisons; (10) adult literacy; (11) participation in adult education; (12) participation in higher education; (13) student drug and alcohol use; (14) sale of drugs at school; (15) student and teacher victimization; and (16) disruptions in class by students. Sixty-five exhibits illustrate these indicators. One appendix contains technical notes and sources, and the other provides acknowledgments. (SLD) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 148 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160452031 KW - National Education Goals Panel KW - National Education Goals 1990 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - High School Graduates KW - Family Environment KW - National Norms KW - Educational Objectives KW - Educational Indicators KW - Child Health KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Discipline KW - Comparative Analysis KW - International Studies KW - Preschool Education KW - Drug Use KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62716891?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For Volume Two, see UD 030 491, for the 1994 Natio N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Field Hearing on the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Chadron, NE, June 19, 1993). AN - 62715106; ED379566 AB - This legislative hearing focuses on Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, and South Dakota's drug-prevention efforts. The emphasis here is on the efforts of rural states, rural communities, rural schools, and families to combat drug and alcohol abuse. Drug-free school programs are particularly emphasized. Also discussed are the issues various drug-prevention programs face, such as funding needs, the allocation of resources, the special problems faced by Native Americans, and other concerns. In addition to personal testimonies, which are recorded here verbatim, are a number of prepared statements by educators, project administrators, and students. (RJM) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 96 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160442788 KW - Committee on Education and Human Resources KW - Drug Free Schools and Communities Act 1986 KW - Nebraska KW - South Dakota KW - Wyoming KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Substance Abuse KW - Drug Legislation KW - Rural Schools KW - Rural Population KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Legal Responsibility KW - Rural Areas KW - Laws KW - Federal Legislation KW - Hearings KW - Rural Environment KW - Drug Use KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62715106?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-470. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The National Education Goals Report. Building a Nation of Learners, 1994. AN - 62714477; ED380054 AB - This is the central document of the fourth series of annual reports to measure progress toward the National Education Goals through the year 2000; goals which set high expectations for education performance at every stage of a learner's life, from preschool through adulthood. The report focuses on 16 core indicators that are: comprehensive across the Goals; critical in determining whether the Goals are actually achieved; policy-actionable; and updated at frequent intervals. National performance has gotten better in four areas: improved general health and development of infants; increased mathematics achievement in grades 4 and 8; decline in student alcohol use; and a reduction in number of threats and violence in schools. However, one area has gotten worse: student drug use has increased. No discernible changes in national performance were detected in six areas, and in eight areas assessment of progress was not possible because of a lack of data. Sixteen exhibits and six tables summarize what is known of progress to date. Appendix A lists state progress on core indicators. Appendixes B and C contain technical notes and acknowledgements. (SLD) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 144 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - National Education Goals Panel KW - National Education Goals 1990 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Programs KW - Drinking KW - Educational Objectives KW - Educational Indicators KW - Mathematics Achievement KW - Child Health KW - Academic Achievement KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - School Safety KW - Annual Reports KW - Educational Improvement KW - Achievement Gains KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Educational Change KW - Parent Participation KW - Program Evaluation KW - Educational Assessment KW - Drug Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62714477?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 1993 report, see ED 360 394 (vol. 1), ED 3 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Joint Field Hearing on H.R. 6: Elementary and Secondary Education Act Reauthorization. Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the House Committee on Education and Labor and the Senate Subcommittee on Education, Arts, and Humanities of the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Providence, Rhode Island, October 4, 1993). AN - 62713440; ED375221 AB - This document presents, as part of the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, witness testimony and prepared statements on the subject of professional development in the elementary and secondary school systems. Witnesses included Rhode Island (RI) elementary and secondary school principals and teachers, officials from the RI Department of Education, U.S. congressional members, and commissioners and superintendents of schools. Among the attendees were Daniel F. Casey, Superintendent of Schools for the Catholic Diocese of RI; elementary school principal Robert J. Britto; Edward Eddy, Chairman, Providence Blueprint for Education; Peter McWalters, Commissioner, RI, Department of Education; and Arthur Zarrella, Superintendent, Providence Public Schools. Prepared statements are also included from RI's U.S. Senator Claiborne Pell and Congressman Jack Reed. (GLR) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 86 PB - Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160447763 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Public Schools KW - Educational Legislation KW - Teacher Improvement KW - Teacher Attitudes KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Professional Development KW - Administrator Attitudes KW - Elementary School Teachers KW - Secondary School Teachers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62713440?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Reemployment and Training Act of 1994. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Labor of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate (March 16, 1994 and July 26, 1994). AN - 62712799; ED376378 AB - This document contains testimony from two Senate hearings on the Reemployment and Training Act of 1994 by U.S. Secretary of Labor Robert B. Reich and other witnesses concerning the Act and the need for changes in the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act, which requires employers to notify employees of impending layoffs. According to Reich, the Reemployment and Training Act is a response to the problem of long-term unemployment and the need to retrain workers dislocated from older industries and prepare them for high-skills jobs in emerging industries. The Reemployment Act rests on four core principles: (1) universal access and program consolidation; (2) customer focus, giving workers a range of options and letting them choose the services they need to get the next job; (3) market-driven retraining; and (4) accountability. The Reemployment Act includes five titles. Title I establishes a comprehensive program for dislocated workers, regardless of the cause of dislocation. Title II establishes a program of income support for permanently dislocated workers while they are pursuing courses of retraining. Title III establishes a national program of grants and waivers to encourage and enable states to develop networks of one-stop career centers; Title IV establishes a national labor market information system to provide universal access to information about where the jobs are and the skills that the jobs require. Title V gives the Secretary of Labor authority to waive federal laws to empower states and localities to streamline job training programs for disadvantaged persons. Witnesses at the second hearing included the following: laid-off workers who testified about the need for retraining; officials of several job training programs who suggested what works in job retraining; and city officials, job training managers, and laid-off workers who testified about how the WARN Act works and how the legislation should be strengthened. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 70 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Proposed Legislation KW - Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Retraining KW - Public Policy KW - Adults KW - Job Training KW - Employment Practices KW - Labor Needs KW - Labor Legislation KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Policy Formation KW - Program Development KW - Hearings KW - Dislocated Workers KW - Employment Programs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62712799?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - A Teacher's Guide to Folklife Resources for K-12 Classrooms. Publications of the American Folklife Center, No. 19. AN - 62708247; ED377112 AB - Designed to aid teachers in the classroom, this guide provides a list of materials recently prepared for the kindergarten through grade 12 classroom by folklorists and other cultural studies specialists in closely related fields and includes a selected list of agencies with established commitments to folklife programming. After a definition of folklife and a description of the American Folklife Center, a listing of 98 resources for folklife in education provide brief summaries, addresses, and ordering information. In addition, other resource items such as documentary videos and sound recordings are available through a list of 10 catalogs. A selected list of agencies with folklife programs includes: (1) six national programs; (2) five regional programs; and (3) 99 state and community-based programs. (CK) AU - Bartis, Peter AU - Bowman, Paddy Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 40 PB - American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540-8100. SN - 084440814X KW - American Folklife Center KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teachers KW - Practitioners KW - State Programs KW - Folk Culture KW - Regional Programs KW - Community Programs KW - Social Studies KW - National Programs KW - Cultural Education KW - Teaching Guides KW - Resource Materials KW - Elementary Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62708247?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Preparing American Indian Students for the 21st Century. Hearing on S. 1150 To Improve Learning and Teaching by Providing a National Framework for Education Reform;...To Ensure Equitable Educational Opportunities and High Levels of Educational Achievement for All American Students; To Provide a Framework for Reauthorization....Hearing of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Santa Fe, New Mexico, August 21, 1993). AN - 62707321; ED377017 AB - A Congressional hearing held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, received testimony on the Goals 2000: Educate America Act as it applies to American Indian education. The purpose of the hearing was to explore ways in which American Indians can participate as equal partners in the process of reaching national consensus on education reform, including the development of content and performance standards and an assessment mechanism. A representative of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) described how BIA schools are addressing the six national goals as well as two additional goals concerning Indian culture and language and school facilities. A representative of the Navajo Nation outlined the history and philosophy of Navajo education, described the six school systems serving Navajo students, and discussed Navajo educational goals and interest in reform, particularly the establishment of a "Department of T'aa Dine Education" to oversee Navajo education in a manner similar to a state department of education. Pueblo leaders and educators praised the national goals while pointing out how interpretation of the goals from an inappropriate perspective could be damaging to Indian students; discussed the danger of raising expectations without providing needed financial support; described needs for educational facilities and culturally sensitive teachers; and addressed the problem of culturally biased evaluation instruments driving the curriculum. (SV) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 41 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160458668 KW - Bureau of Indian Affairs Schools KW - Congress 103rd KW - Goals 2000 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Educational Objectives KW - Pueblo (People) KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Higher Education KW - Educational Needs KW - Navajo (Nation) KW - Tribally Controlled Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Preschool Education KW - Educational Change KW - Hearings KW - American Indian Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62707321?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Field Hearing on H.R. 6: Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Tempe, AZ, October 16, 1993). AN - 62706189; ED377980 AB - These transcripts present testimony concerning the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), which since 1965 has provided the bulk of federal aid to elementary and secondary schools and related programs. Much of the testimony was from Arizona education officials, school administrators, teachers, civic leaders, and business people who voiced opinions about the efficacy of specific programs and activities funded by the ESEA, particularly those items that they would like to see expanded or improved. Testimony was heard from: (1) United States Representatives from Arizona, Karan English and Jolene Unsoeld; (2) an elementary school principal; (3) a high school counselor; (4) the Arizona state administrator of vocational and technical education; (5) school district officials; (6) staff of the Scottsdale and Mesa chambers of commerce; (7) local education foundations; and (8) educators from the Dial and Motorola corporations. Correspondence and statistical materials from the Arizona Center for Vocational/Technological Education at Northern Arizona University are included. (MDM) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 151 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160459486 KW - Arizona KW - Chambers of Commerce KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Federal Aid KW - Corporations KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Elementary School Teachers KW - State Officials KW - Educational Needs KW - Educational Attitudes KW - Corporate Support KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Hearings KW - Superintendents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62706189?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-83. Some pages contain small print. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Improving America's Schools Act of 1994. Report To Accompany S. 1513 on Authorizing Appropriations To Extend for Six Years the Programs under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 Together with Additional and Minority Views. Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, 103D Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62705875; ED385341 AB - In this report, the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources--to which Senate Bill 1513 was referred--recommends that the bill pass as amended, thereby clearing the way for reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 legislation, including Title 1. Title 1 funds have been a major factor in providing locally operated "compensatory" educational programs, as well as other educational programs. Renamed the Improving America's Schools Act of 1994, the legislation is designed to continue improvement of learning and teaching and also to realign federal educational policy and programs to achieve the educational objectives of the Goals 2000 bill. The report is divided into nine sections. The first 123 pages contain sections on: (1) introduction to and purpose of the legislation; (2) committee views; (3) tabulation of votes cast in committee; (4) cost estimate of the legislation; (5) regulatory impact statement; (6) section-by-section analysis of the bill; (7) additional views of Senator Dave Durenberger; and (8) minority views of Senator Dan Coats. Section 9, the remaining 457 pages, examines changes in existing law that would result from passage of this bill. (ET) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 582 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Goals 2000 KW - Improving Americas Schools Act 1994 KW - Program Characteristics KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - At Risk Persons KW - Excellence in Education KW - Program Administration KW - Federal Aid KW - Government Role KW - Educational Objectives KW - Educational Finance KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Public Policy KW - Educational Improvement KW - Child Welfare KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62705875?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - ESEA: Framework for Change. Hearings on S. 1513 Entitled "Improving America's Schools Act of 1993," and Related Bill, before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources and the Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Washington, DC, March 2, 16, 18, 24, April 12, 14, 21, 26, and May 5, 1994; Chicago, IL, April 18, 1994). AN - 62705844; ED385340 AB - These hearings transcripts present testimony regarding reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). "Chapter 1" of this legislation is a central part of federal education policy. Education is currently funded at about $7 billion a year; an additional $700 million, or 10 percent, is budgeted for the coming fiscal year. These hearings are in response to the Clinton Administration's proposal to reform, simplify, and refund the current funding program. The proposal is titled "The improving America's Schools Act in 1993." This reauthorization proposal is placed within an overall framework for educational reform and reflects the objectives of Goals 2000, raising standards for the education of all children. It also realigns the ESEA with state and local reform efforts in the Goals 2000 bill. Statements are divided into 10 areas: (1) Reauthorization of ESEA; (2) Current Status of Chapter 1; (3) New Directions for Chapter 1; (4) Professional Development: ESEA Reauthorization; (5) ESEA: School Libraries and Family Literacy; (6) ESEA Reauthorization School Improvement Programs: Focusing on What Works; (7) another section on ESEA Reauthorization; (8) Making the Transition to School: Early Childhood Programs and Parental Involvement; (9) Foreign Language Education in Elementary Schools; and (10) School Improvement Programs Focusing on What Works. These hearings include a statement from Secretary of Education, Richard Riley, on the proposed legislation. Early childhood education is specifically addressed in a 50-page section of the statement, in which representatives from: Headstart; PTA; National Association of State Boards of Education, Early Childhood Services; Youth Guidance; and other organizations aligned with education speak to the issues, in general supporting the "Improving America's Schools" proposal. (ET) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 718 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016044845X KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - Goals 2000 KW - Improving Americas Schools Act 1994 KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - At Risk Persons KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Educational Finance KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Family Literacy KW - Educational Improvement KW - Child Welfare KW - Outcomes of Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62705844?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contains many pages of small print. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on H.R. 6, Elementary and Secondary Education Act Reauthorization. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Vancouver, Washington, September 18, 1993). AN - 62705668; ED382299 AB - These hearings transcripts record testimony given in Vancouver, Washington, on reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Ideas were solicited on ways the federal government could support local partnerships between the business and education communities. Prepared statements and transcripts of testimony are presented for the following individuals and organizations: (1) Randy Dorn, State Representative and Chair of the Washington State House Education Committee; (2) the director of Workforce Education and Agency Relations for the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, Olympia, Washington; (3) the director of the Hough Foundation; (4) the chair of Hewlett-Packard's K-12 Steering Committee; (5) the vice-president and editor of "The Columbian"; (6) the Vancouver School District Superintendent of Schools; (7) the manager of Vocational, Technical, and Career Education in the Evergreen School District, Vancouver; (8) a Vancouver mathematics teacher; (9) the president of the Battle Ground School Board; (10) the state executive director of the Citizen's Alliance of Washington; and (11) the resource coordinator for Vocational Education, Vancouver School District. The report concludes with a summary statement describing six competencies employers want future employees to demonstrate: work ethic, character history, people to people skills, thinking skills, communication skills, and mathematical skills. (SM) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 107 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160441552 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - Washington KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Community Relationship KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Cooperative Programs KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - School Business Relationship KW - Employment Qualifications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62705668?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-44. Document contains small type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1993. Hearing on S. 1535 To Amend Title 5, United States Code, To Eliminate Narrow Restrictions on Employee Training, To Provide a Temporary Voluntary Separation Incentive, and For Other Purposes before the Committee on Governmental Affairs. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (October 19, 1993). AN - 62703377; ED382776 AB - This document records the oral and written testimony of witnesses who testified at a hearing on a proposed amendment to the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1993. The amendment would spell out how the federal work force is to be reduced in size and would provide cash incentives for early retirement as well as make retraining of existing workers more feasible. Witnesses included Senators Glenn, Roth, Stevens, Sasser, Pryor, and Akaka, as well as several officials of the Office of Management and Budget and the Department of Defense. The witnesses generally supported the idea of the amendment but pointed out the need to ensure that new workers were not hired to replace each one who left and that top-level officials as well as lower supervisors and workers were chosen for early retirement or voluntary layoff. The text of the amendment is included in the document. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 81 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160448158 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Federal Workforce Restructuring Act 1993 KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Retirement Benefits KW - Federal Legislation KW - Hearings KW - Federal Government KW - Early Retirement KW - Employment Practices KW - Reduction in Force KW - Government Employees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62703377?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Machines That Make Books Talk. AN - 62702892; ED381913 AB - This paper describes playback equipment provided by the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped's Talking Books program. The history of these machines is reviewed from 1933 to the present and includes activities during World War II, the introduction of flexible discs and cassettes, descriptions of a variety of machines (with photographs), and accessories. Opinions of users are summarized. The machine production process is also described from original conceptualization through determination of specifications, bid solicitation, building and testing of prototype and samples, ongoing manufacture of the product, and troubleshooting. Discussed in some detail is the contracting process for the manufacture of the machines and the inventory and maintenance processes implemented through machine-lending agencies around the country. One section looks at international cooperation in the exploration and standardization of future talking-book technology. Noted are current research efforts of the National Library Service which focus on the development of digital original mastering. Assumptions and requirements of a possible new talking-book system are listed. Some sections provide references. (DB) AU - Fitzpatrick, Vicki Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 21 KW - National Library Service for the Blind KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technological Advancement KW - History KW - Research Projects KW - Talking Books KW - Audiotape Recordings KW - Blindness KW - Physical Disabilities KW - Library Networks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62702892?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Photographs may not reproduce well. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Road to High-Performance Workplaces. A Guide to Better Jobs and Better Business Results. AN - 62702093; ED380641 AB - This guide identifies selected workplace practices that individual businesses have used to become high performance work organizations. The guide, which is intended for managers, directors, labor leaders, workers, investors, and other individuals interesting in adopting high performance work practices, lays out the basic steps involved in transforming a business into a high performance work organization. The first section, which outlines the skills and information workers need to perform effectively in high performance organizations, pays special attention to the need for training and continuous learning and information sharing. The importance of employee participation, organizational structure, and worker-management partnerships is examined in the second section. Section 3 focuses on compensation linked to performance and skills, employment security, and a supportive work environment. The importance of integrating all of the high performance work organization mentioned into a coordinated organizational strategy rather than just adopting one or two practices is emphasized. Concluding the guide are a 4-page workplace practices checklist and a 47-item list of selected articles, books, studies reports, and other sources of information about high performance work practices. (MN) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 34 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160451582 KW - High Performance Work Organizations KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Community KW - Administrators KW - Business Administration KW - Guidelines KW - Organizational Development KW - Employment Practices KW - Employer Employee Relationship KW - Check Lists KW - Change Strategies KW - Work Environment KW - Organizational Climate KW - Organizational Change KW - Productivity KW - Personnel Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62702093?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For a related document, see CE 068 590. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on Bilingual Education. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (July 22, 1993). AN - 62701659; ED373564 AB - These hearing transcripts present testimony concerning the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education (ESE) Act, focusing on the English as a Second Language (ESL) and bilingual education provisions and implications of the act. Much of the testimony was from representatives, educators, and community leaders who voiced opinions about the efficacy of specific programs and activities funded by the Bilingual Education Act, a component of the ESE Act, particularly those items that they would like to see expanded, reformed, or improved. Testimony was heard from: (1) Representatives Toby Roth, Jose Serrano, Xavier Becerra, Bill Emerson, and Gene Green; (2) the president of the National Association for Bilingual Education; (3) a researcher in bilingual education; (4) an ESL program consultant; (5) a university professor; (6) the president of Learning English Advocates Drive; (7) an advocate of teaching English to limited English proficient (LEP) students in regular classrooms; (8) a medical doctor who attended bilingual classes as a secondary school student; (9) an advocate of reforming the Bilingual Education Act to emphasize the learning of English; (10) the Rural Alliance for Newcomers in Midwestern Schools; and (11) an advocate of English immersion programs for LEP students. (MDM) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 127 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160443741 KW - Bilingual Education Act 1968 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Administrators KW - Federal Aid KW - Hearings KW - Bilingual Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Public Policy KW - Community Leaders KW - Educational Attitudes KW - English (Second Language) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62701659?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-52. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Workers Technology Skills Development Act. Report Together with Additional Views To Accompany S. 1020. Senate, 103D Congress, 2d Session. AN - 62701373; ED381692 AB - This document provides an overview and minority viewpoints on Senate Bill 1020. S. 1020 would authorize the Department of Labor to make grants to nonprofit organizations to research, identify, and develop new and advanced workplace technologies and practices to promote the improvements of workers' skills, wages, working conditions, and job security. These organizations would then, in turn, disseminate such information to workers, workers' organizations, employers, state industrial extension programs, and manufacturing technology centers and provide technical assistance to encourage the use of such technologies and practices in the workplace. The report includes information on the background and need for the legislation, history of the legislation and votes in committee, explanation of the bill and committee views, cost estimates, regulatory impact, and additional views. In addition, some senators conclude that the proposed legislation is illegal because it violates provisions of the National Labor Regulations Act against labor-management cooperation. They propose an amendment called the TEAM (Teamwork for Employees and Management) Act as an alternative. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 14 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Proposed Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technological Advancement KW - Labor Legislation KW - Federal Legislation KW - Labor Education KW - Research and Development KW - Employer Employee Relationship KW - Economic Development KW - Compliance (Legal) KW - Labor Force Development KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62701373?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Engineering, Scientific, and Related Occupations. Occupational Outlook Handbook Reprints. Bulletin 2450-3. AN - 62701252; ED382454 AB - This document provides a description of engineering, scientific, and related occupations. Descriptions may include: (1) information on the nature of the work; (2) training required; (3) earnings; (4) job prospects, and (5) sources of additional information. Among the occupations described, the following job titles are included: Engineering, Science, and Data Processing Managers; Aerospace Engineers; Chemical Engineers; Mechanical Engineers; Nuclear Engineers; Biological and Medical Scientists; Chemists; Meteorologists; and Surveyors. (ZWH) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 33 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328; New orders, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 (No. 2450-3, $1.75; payment or GPO deposit account number must accompany the order; make checks or money orders payable to the Superintendent of Documents, if using VISA or Master Card, include card number and expiration date). SN - 016043050X KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Science Education KW - Engineering KW - Science Careers KW - Higher Education KW - Career Choice KW - Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62701252?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on H.R. 6, School Safety, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (June 22, 1993). AN - 62696830; ED374198 AB - As part of its consideration of the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the House Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education met to address the need to maintain schools as safe learning environments. The Safe Schools Act of 1993 had been introduced as the administration's effort to help deal with violence in the schools. The first speaker, Madeleine Kunin, Deputy Secretary of Education, described the Safe Schools Act. The Act would authorize $175 million in the first two years to be targeted to local education agencies with the greatest demonstrated needs. Additional statements were presented by (1) Bernard James, Professor of Law at Pepperdine University; (2) Michael Beard of the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence; (3) Douglas Holmes of the Fairfax County (Virginia) public schools; and (4) Susan Cooper, instructional aide in a Head Start program. Prepared statements of these speakers and other respondents are attached. (SLD) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 74 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160446953 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Program Development KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Facilities Improvement KW - Urban Schools KW - School Security KW - School Safety KW - Violence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62696830?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-70. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Field Hearing on H.R. 6 Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (New York, NY, October 18, 1993). AN - 62694548; ED373893 AB - These hearing transcripts present testimony concerning the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education (ESA) Act, which since 1965 has provided the bulk of federal aid to elementary and secondary schools and related programs. Much of the testimony was from New York education officials, school administrators, community leaders, parents, and other interested individuals who voiced opinions about the efficacy of specific programs and activities funded by the ESA Act, particularly those items that they would like to see expanded or improved. Testimony was heard from: (1) Assistant Commissioner for Nonpublic School Services, New York State Education Department for the New York State Commissioner of Education; (2) two school district superintendents; (3) the president of a local branch of the United Federation of Teachers; (4) the president of a New York City business-school partnership; (5) the chancellor of the New York City Board of Education; (6) the president of a school parents' organization; (7) the president of the School of Visual Arts; (8) the executive director of the New York State Mentoring Program on behalf of the chairperson of the New York State Mentoring Program; and (9) the executive director of the Education Priorities Panel. Following the testimonies are prepared statements, letters, and supplemental materials. (MDM) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 114 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160443032 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - New York KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Administrators KW - Federal Aid KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Community Leaders KW - State Officials KW - Parents KW - Educational Attitudes KW - Superintendents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62694548?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-49. Document contains small type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Field Hearing on H.R. 6: Elementary and Secondary Education Act Reauthorization. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Houston, TX, May 14, 1993). AN - 62693523; ED373878 AB - These hearing transcripts present testimony concerning the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), which since 1965 has provided the bulk of federal aid to elementary and secondary schools and related programs. Much of the testimony was from Texas education officials, school administrators, and teachers who voiced opinions about the efficacy of specific programs and activities funded by the ESEA, particularly those items that they would like to see expanded or improved. Testimony was heard from: (1) Representative Gene Green; (2) the deputy director of education policy in the governor's office; (3) the executive deputy commissioner for programs and instruction, Texas Education Agency; (4) the Texas commissioner of education; (5) an official from the Texas State Board of Education; (6) two school district superintendents; and (7) a Chapter 1 educator. (MDH) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 42 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160441781 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - Texas KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Administrators KW - Federal Aid KW - Hearings KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Elementary School Teachers KW - State Officials KW - Educational Attitudes KW - Superintendents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62693523?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-46. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Sole Source. AN - 62691605; ED375835 AB - The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS), an arm of the Library of Congress, leads a highly successful national program to produce and distribute books and magazines for blind, visually impaired, and physically handicapped individuals. A fostering relationship exists between NLS and a network of 143 regional and local libraries that serve blind and handicapped readers directly. By developing and disseminating centralized policies and procedures at the national level, NLS is able to sustain a uniform quality of service throughout the library system. Each year NLS receives permission to reproduce, with no royalties charged, more than 2,000 book titles for loan. In addition, NLS has systematically developed a collection that provides access to some 220,000 recorded and embossed titles in 16 million copies for a variety of blind and handicapped users. Copyright clearance, which is vital for a program that reproduces so many titles, and cataloging are important features of the NLS approach: both cassette and flexible disc recordings can be used only with special playback equipment. NLS also has a role in the narrative reproduction or braille embossing of materials and the distribution of discs, cassettes, and playback equipment. The NLS serves as a resource for a clientele of extremely varied tastes and needs. (SLD) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 18 KW - National Library Service for the Blind KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Government Role KW - Audiotape Cassettes KW - Copyrights KW - National Programs KW - Library Services KW - Blindness KW - Braille KW - Library Networks KW - User Needs (Information) KW - Library Administration KW - Floppy Disks KW - Audio Equipment KW - Books KW - Policy Formation KW - Centralization KW - Cataloging KW - Physical Disabilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62691605?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Library Resources for the Blind and Physically Handicapped: A Directory with FY 1993 Statistics on Readership, Circulation, Budget, Staff, and Collections. AN - 62691023; ED375857 AB - The first part of this National Library Service (NLS) for the Blind and Physically Handicapped directory lists NLS network libraries and machine-lending agencies, arranged alphabetically by state. The information for each library includes its address, telephone number, librarian, hours of operation, book collection, assistive devices, special services, and publications. Other library resources at the national level are listed in the second part of the directory, arranged alphabetically by the name of the organization. Each entry indicates address, telephone number, contact person, eligibility requirements, book collection, subject coverage, reading levels, and distribution policy. Two appendices give NLS network library statistics for FY 1993 (October-September) on readership and circulation divided by medium (recorded disc, braille, and recorded cassette) and on budget, staff, and collections. (JLB) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 126 PB - Reference Section, National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20542. KW - National Library Service for the Blind KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Library Statistics KW - National Programs KW - Library Collections KW - Library Services KW - Blindness KW - Assistive Devices (for Disabled) KW - Braille KW - Media Adaptation KW - Library Networks KW - Floppy Disks KW - Audiotape Recordings KW - Resource Centers KW - Physical Disabilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62691023?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1992 statistics, see ED 365 337. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearing on H.R. 3130: Improving America's School Act of 1993. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session. (September 23, 1993). AN - 62690748; ED375954 AB - These hearing transcripts present testimony concerning the proposed Improving America's School (IAS) Act of 1993, which embodies the Clinton Administration's program for transforming the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Testimony was heard from U.S. Secretary of Education, Richard W. Riley, accompanied by Marshall Smith, Under Secretary of Education, and Tom Payzant, Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education. Secretary Riley outlined the major points of the IAS Act, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to education that focuses on the student, family, school, and school system, and not simply on specific deficiencies. The Act emphasizes: (1) high standards for all children; (2) a focus on teaching and learning; (3) targeting resources to where needs are greatest; (4) flexibility coupled with greater accountability; and (5) linking schools, parents, and communities. Prepared statements and additional materials were presented by Secretary Riley; Representatives Eliot L. Engel, Gene Green, and Thomas C. Sawyer; and Mary Ann Smith, the coordinator of the National Writing Project. (MDM) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 55 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160447356 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Community Relationship KW - Federal Aid KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Public Policy KW - Educational Attitudes KW - Accountability KW - Educational Improvement KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Federal Legislation KW - Parent School Relationship KW - Hearings KW - Academic Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62690748?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-73. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hearings on H.R. 6, Reauthorization of Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (May 13, 25, June 10 and 30, 1993). AN - 62688743; ED375949 AB - These hearing transcripts present testimony concerning the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Much of the testimony was from members of congress, educators, and representatives of education organizations concerning the efficacy of specific programs and activities funded by the Act, particularly those items that they would like to see expanded or improved. Testimony was heard from: (1) Representatives Robert E. Andrews, Peter Hoagland, Donald M. Payne, Terry Everett, and Lynn C. Woolsey; (2) the director of the National Urban Alliance for Effective Schools; (3) the executive director of the Main Line Project Learning, Brookline School, Havertown, Pennsylvania; (4) a former congressman; (5) four school superintendents; (6) a program manager from the Pennsylvania Department of Education; (7) a senior researcher from SRI International; (8) two elementary school principals; (9) the dean of Montclair State College's School of Professional Studies; (10) three school district officials; (11) the president of the National Association of Migrant Education; (12) an official of the National Association of State Directors of Migrant Education; (13) an education consultant; and (14) the president of the American Federation of Teachers. (MDM) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 285 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160446511 KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act KW - Reauthorization Legislation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Migrant Programs KW - Administrators KW - Federal Aid KW - Principals KW - Migrant Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Public Policy KW - Educational Attitudes KW - Educational Improvement KW - Federal Legislation KW - Agencies KW - Advocacy KW - Hearings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62688743?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-65. Document contains several pages N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - National Survey Results on Drug Use from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975-1993. Volume 1, Secondary School Students. AN - 62687585; ED377431 AB - This report summarizes a national survey of drug use and related attitudes among American secondary school students. All of its data came from an ongoing national research and reporting program entitled, "Monitoring the Future: A Continuing Study of the Lifestyles and Values of Youth." These surveys address two major topics: (1) the prevalence of drug use among American students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades; and (2) drug use trends by those students. Distinctions were drawn among demographic subgroups, incidence of first use recorded, trends in use at lower grade levels, and intensity of drug use. Also included were key attitudes about illicit drug use--incorporating perceptions of the social environment--as potential explanatory factors. The research focused on frequent drug use rather than analyzing everyone who has ever used drugs. This strategy serves to differentiate levels of seriousness, or extent, of drug involvement. Survey results indicate that the last decade witnessed an appreciable decrease in the use of numerous illicit drugs among seniors. However, eighth-graders exhibited a significant increase in some drug use, such as marijuana, cocaine, and LSD. This latter evidence may indicate that younger cohorts have less opportunity to learn though informal means about the dangers of drugs. Two appendixes present the prevalence and trend estimates adjusted for absentees and dropouts, and definitions of background and demographic subgroups. (RJM) AU - Johnston, Lloyd D. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 361 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - NIH-Pub-94-3809 KW - Monitoring the Future KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Grade 12 KW - Substance Abuse KW - Grade 10 KW - Surveys KW - Sociocultural Patterns KW - Secondary School Students KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Secondary Education KW - Grade 8 KW - Social Characteristics KW - Drug Use KW - Trend Analysis KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62687585?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For volume 2, see CG 025 854. For the 1975-1992 su N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Religion and the Public Schools: A Summary of the Law. AN - 62639279; ED387389 AB - Intended to provide school officials an understanding of the legal aspects of common religious liberty and church-state questions in the public school context, this pamphlet attempts an objective summary of the current status of church-state law as it applies to the public schools. The document seeks to catalogue objectively the law as found in authoritative legal sources. Rather than citing all case law on a specific issue, where earlier decisions are subsumed or superseded by a controlling Supreme Court decision, the pamphlet cites only the Supreme Court precedent. Only when the document believes rulings are cast into doubt by subsequent developments or where the decisions themselves are unusually doubtful does it comment on the correctness of decisions/opinions cited. The document includes sections on the law regarding: prayer in school; teaching about religion; use of classroom space for religious activity; holiday observances; release time programs; physical facilities; dual enrollment; distribution of religious literature; baccalaureate services and graduation; scientific creationism; curriculum content; secular humanism; compulsory attendance and religious holidays; dress codes; vaccination requirements; and teachers' responsibilities and rights. The pamphlet concludes with a subject index for quick reference. Included is a separate December 1994 update citing and summarizing recent changes in the law on religion and the public schools. (LH) AU - Stern, Marc D. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 47 KW - Religious Freedom KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Teachers KW - Practitioners KW - Teacher Rights KW - Religion KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Creationism KW - School Prayer KW - Laws KW - Released Time KW - Dress Codes KW - Religious Holidays KW - Values Education KW - Teacher Responsibility KW - Public Schools KW - State Church Separation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62639279?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For a related document, see SO 025 239. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Listen to Women in Literacy. The Power of Woman-Positive Literacy Work. AN - 62637265; ED396180 AB - This book, which is written and designed for intermediate adult literacy students, relates selected outcomes of 12 "woman-positive" literacy and adult basic education programs that were sponsored/studied in different parts of Canada by the Canadian Congress for Learning Opportunities for Women (CCLOW). Part 1 discusses the mission of the CCLOW, the action-based research project during which the 12 literacy programs were conducted/studied, and the book's intended uses. Part 2 examines selected "woman-positive" actions/accomplishments of the 12 programs. Among the actions described are the following: giving women opportunities to talk to and help one another; visiting women in the community; developing a policy against sexual harassment; starting a women's committee; having women talk/write about their lives; making classes more feminist; developing resource booklets; and considering having the role of women in union-based literacy and coeducational literacy programs. Discussed in part 3 are the following findings of the exploratory study: several factors (violence, poverty, isolation, sex bias/discrimination) make literacy more difficult for women; literacy work is difficult but can be satisfying; and programs could be made more positive for women by starting woman-positive activities, ensuring that learning materials are realistic, and involving learners in decisions. (MN) AU - Atkinson, Tannis Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 92 PB - Canadian Congress for Learning Opportunities for Women, 47 Main St., Toronto, Ontario M4E 2V6, Canada ($8 Canadian plus $2 postage). KW - Canada KW - Empowerment KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Adult Literacy KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Womens Education KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Adult Basic Education KW - Beginning Reading KW - Program Improvement KW - Foreign Countries KW - Educational Practices KW - Educational Change KW - Program Development KW - Feminism KW - Change Strategies KW - Literacy Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62637265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Atkinson%2C+Tannis&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Tannis&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=1895686385&rft.btitle=Listen+to+Women+in+Literacy.+The+Power+of+Woman-Positive+Literacy+Work.&rft.title=Listen+to+Women+in+Literacy.+The+Power+of+Woman-Positive+Literacy+Work.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 2 - Produced in microfiche (1966-2003) N1 - SuppNotes - For related documents, see CE 071 962-965; photogr N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Women in Literacy Speak. The Power of Woman-Positive Literacy Work. AN - 62637218; ED396182 AB - This book contains 15 chapters that were written by women from 12 Canadian adult literacy and basic education programs who participated in an exploratory research project designed to document the process and results of woman-positive literacy work. The following sections are included: "Exploring the Concept of Woman-Positive within Learner-Centered Literacy Programs: A Program-Based Action Research Project" (Betty-Ann Lloyd); "We Formed a Women's Group at ALFA (Adult Literacy for Action)"; "Gender, Culture, and Personal Experiences that Get in the Way of Learning: The Need for Core Funding of Adult Literacy Projects" (Diane Eastman); "Taking Chances/Making Choices: Reflections on a Year of Woman-Positive Activity" (Debbie Heagy); "Gaining Confidence through Woman-Positive Literacy Research" (Nicole Jessop); "Union-based Literacy Programs Empower Women Workers When They Pay Attention to Women's Lives" (poster); "Uncovering Fear and Isolation in Rabbittown: A Woman-Positive Literacy Project" (Frances Ennis et al.); "Native Women Write Now"; "Taking Space for Woman-Positive Literacy Work" (Anne Moore); "Charting the Woman-Positive Ripples--A Journal of Discovery" (Karen Bergman-Illnik); list of 24 resource booklets produced by a correctional center in Saskatchewan; "I Believe Our Lives Are Woven Together Like a Spider Web" (LaVera Schiele); "The Politics of Talking: Doing 'Woman-Positive' in a Learner-Centred Literacy Program" (Marion Wells); "recipes" for political action; and "More than Semantics: Reflections on 'Feminist'/'Woman-Positive' Practices in a Literacy Classroom" (Paula Davies, Mary Ann Tierney). Contains a 77-item bibliography of works on women and education, research design and methodology, and feminist theory. (MN) AU - Lloyd, Betty-Ann Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 186 PB - Canadian Congress for Learning Opportunities for Women, 47 Main St., Toronto, Ontario M4E 2V6, Canada ($15 Canadian plus $2 postage). KW - Canada KW - Empowerment KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Educational Strategies KW - Adult Literacy KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Indigenous Populations KW - Womens Education KW - Research Methodology KW - Action Research KW - Theory Practice Relationship KW - Functional Literacy KW - Classroom Techniques KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Adult Basic Education KW - Foreign Countries KW - Political Socialization KW - Self Actualization KW - Educational Practices KW - Program Development KW - Feminism KW - Literacy Education KW - Educational Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62637218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+Betty-Ann&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Betty-Ann&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=1895686377&rft.btitle=Women+in+Literacy+Speak.+The+Power+of+Woman-Positive+Literacy+Work.&rft.title=Women+in+Literacy+Speak.+The+Power+of+Woman-Positive+Literacy+Work.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 2 - Produced in microfiche (1966-2003) N1 - SuppNotes - For related documents, see CE 071 962-964. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Power of Woman-Positive Literacy Work. Program-Based Action Research. AN - 62626215; ED396181 AB - The experiences of Canadian women in adult basic education and literacy (ABEL) were examined in a national research project during which 2 contact women from each of 12 ABEL programs across Canada spend one-half day each week "researching" their program's "woman-positive" activities and the consequences of those activities for staff, students, and their program as a whole. The 24 women spent their project time reflecting on their programs alone and with others, writing journals that were eventually sent to the project's coordinating researchers, and developing documentation of the personal, professional, political, and structural changes observed in their ABEL programs during the year-long research project. The 24 women represented a wide range of age groups (23-56 years old), educational levels (grade 12 to a postgraduate degree), and years of experience in adult basic education and literacy (1-20 years). The research revealed the diverse experiences of women in different ABEL programs in different parts of Canada, emphasized the difficulties in focusing attention on members of marginalized groups, highlighted the lack of information about literacy workers in Canada, and provided a model for program-based action research beginning with frontline workers' experiences. (Approximately 50% of this document is devoted to descriptions of the 12 programs studied. Contains 77 references.) (MN) AU - Lloyd, Betty-Ann Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 256 PB - Canadian Congress for Learning Opportunities for Women, 47 Main St., Toronto, Ontario M4E 2V6, Canada ($18 Canadian plus $2 postage). KW - Canada KW - Empowerment KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Educational Strategies KW - Adult Literacy KW - Womens Education KW - Research Methodology KW - Action Research KW - Theory Practice Relationship KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Models KW - Adult Basic Education KW - Foreign Countries KW - Educational Practices KW - Educational Change KW - Program Development KW - Change Strategies KW - Change Agents KW - Literacy Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62626215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+Betty-Ann&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Betty-Ann&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=1895686369&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+Woman-Positive+Literacy+Work.+Program-Based+Action+Research.&rft.title=The+Power+of+Woman-Positive+Literacy+Work.+Program-Based+Action+Research.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 2 - Produced in microfiche (1966-2003) N1 - SuppNotes - For related documents, see CE 071 962-965. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Field Hearing on H.R. 6, Challenge for the Future: Educational Opportunities for California's Youth. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Los Angeles, California, October 4, 1993). AN - 62625840; ED387300 AB - A House of Representatives subcommittee hearing addressed the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, focusing on Chapter 1 and bilingual education needs and services in California. Statements were received from legislators, Los Angeles educational administrators and teachers, teacher educators, early childhood providers, and representatives of migrant education programs and migrant and Mexican American advocacy groups. Testimony discussed the following topics: (1) state probation camps that provide rehabilitation and educational services for juvenile offenders; (2) the burden on California, and particularly Los Angeles, of educating large numbers of immigrant children with limited English proficiency; (3) the need for programs to help bilingual paraprofessionals and teacher aides become certified bilingual teachers; (4) need for coordination of education, health care, child care, and other services for poor children; (5) the Equal Access to Education Act of 1993, which seeks to expand Chapter 1 from supplementary basic skills instruction to schoolwide reform; (6) changes in the Chapter 1 funding formula; (7) concern that the proposed clustering of federal categorical program funds will exclude migrant students from services; (8) parent involvement and parent education; (9) recommendations for improving migrant education, related to alternative methods of student data collection, consortium agreements, summer program formula, and eligibility; (10) crime prevention and safety in schools; (11) EDUTRAIN, an alternative charter school for delinquent and high-risk students; and (12) problems in providing quality preschool and child care services in poor neighborhoods. (SV) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 85 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 016046062X KW - California KW - Congress 103rd KW - Elementary Secondary Education Act Title I KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - High Risk Students KW - Migrant Education KW - Teacher Education KW - Immigrants KW - Bilingual Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Higher Education KW - Bilingual Teachers KW - Educational Needs KW - Delinquent Rehabilitation KW - Federal Legislation KW - Federal Programs KW - Disadvantaged KW - Hearings KW - Limited English Speaking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62625840?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial No. 103-89. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Financial Investigations. A Financial Approach to Detecting and Resolving Crimes. [Text], Instructor's Guide, and Student Workbook. AN - 62625682; ED385747 AB - This packet contains a textbook, an instructor's guide, and a student workbook for a course on conducting financial investigations to detect and solve crimes. The topics covered in the 11 chapters of the textbook and the ancillaries are the following: (1) why financial investigation?; (2) laws related to financial crimes; (3) evidence; (4) sources of information; (5) financial institutions as sources of information; (6) tracing the movement of money through a business; (7) tracing funds using the direct method of proof; (8) tracing funds using indirect methods of proof; (9) planning, conducting, and recording an interview; (10) investigative techniques; and (11) money laundering and forfeitures. The text also contains responses to end-of-chapter questions, a glossary, and two appendixes listing selected sources of information and American Bankers Association numbers of cities and states and Federal Reserve districts. The instructor's guide provides materials for each chapter, including preparation requirements, instructor notes and presentation outline, and an appendix containing exercise feedback sheets, case studies, role-play scenarios, chapter transparencies, and supplemental chapter information. The guide also includes a bank of tests and quizzes. The student workbook contains supporting and supplemental materials to the textbook content including: introductions to each of the chapters, individual and group skill exercises, information sheets, case studies, and worksheets. (KC) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1162 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160418305 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Teachers KW - Students KW - Practitioners KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Crime Prevention KW - Course Content KW - Crime KW - Computer Security KW - Lesson Plans KW - Criminology KW - Units of Study KW - Test Items KW - Banking KW - Financial Audits KW - Criminals KW - Classroom Techniques KW - Evidence (Legal) KW - Learning Activities KW - Teaching Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62625682?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - 1,162p. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Guidebook to Excellence 1994: A [National] Directory of Federal Resources for Mathematics and Science Education Improvement. AN - 62573453; ED407210 AB - The purpose of this directory is to assist educators, parents, and students in attaining the National Education Goals, particularly Goal 4: "By the year 2000, U.S. students will be first in the world in science and mathematics achievement." The guidebook describes programs, along with contact information, that assist students who will go on to study in college or technical school, as well as programs to improve general mathematical and scientific literacy. The directory is divided into three sections. Section One: Agency Overviews contains general information about each of the 16 federal agencies that collaborated with the Eisenhower National Clearinghouse to produce this publication. Each agency highlights its involvement in mathematics and science education and acquaints the reader with agency-specific background information. Section Two: National Programs for Elementary and Secondary Education features nationwide agency-sponsored mathematics and science programs. Each program entry includes the program name, a brief program description, and contact information. Section Three: State Highlights lists, within state and territory groupings, agency resources that are available at the local level. The document concludes with an index of teacher programs; student programs; comprehensive programs; evaluation, dissemination, and technical assistance programs; and educational technology programs. (MKR) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 277 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 (while supplies last). SN - 0160431425 KW - Dwight D Eisenhower Math and Science Educ Program KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Parents KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - State Programs KW - Science Education KW - Science Curriculum KW - Federal Programs KW - Mathematics Curriculum KW - Resource Materials KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Educational Improvement KW - Mathematics Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62573453?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related directories, see SE 055 750-759. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Children and Gun Violence. Hearings on S. 1087, a Bill To Amend Title 18, United States Code, To Prohibit the Possession of a Handgun or Ammunition by, or the Private Transfer of a Handgun or Ammunition to, a Juvenile, before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, 103rd Congress, First Session. AN - 62551966; ED403501 AB - This transcript contains the following: (1) statements of several Committee Members; (2) text of the proposed legislation; (3) a list of witnesses; and (4) statements, testimony, and supporting documents submitted by the witnesses. Numerous laypersons and professionals have their testimonies recorded, giving statements in support of and in opposition to passage of the bill. Witnesses include politicians, educators, police officials, medical professionals, National Rifle Association representatives, and religious figures. Includes a booklet prepared by the Center to Prevent Handgun Violence, newspaper clippings, and charts (U.S. & Wisconsin Juvenile Weapons and Murder Arrests; Age and Race Specific Arrest Rates for Selected Offenses, 1965-88; etc.). (MSF) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 199 PB - Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. SN - 0160439280 KW - Congress 103rd KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Guns KW - Hearings KW - Gun Control KW - Children KW - Violence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62551966?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Serial J-103-18 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Murals Reflecting Prevention. AN - 62237977; ED456372 AB - This document is used in a collaborative project that engages children and adolescents in alcohol, tobacco, and drug prevention activities through the arts. The project offers an innovative teaching resource that uses the universal language of the arts for drug prevention. By creating murals with drug prevention themes, elementary and secondary school students can engage in a fun activity that fosters cooperation and critical thinking, and encourages creative expression. The packet contains background information to assist teachers in conducting the Murals Reflection project. The project is designed to be used as part of an anti-drug education program and can be used in any youth serving setting. Suggestions are provided for involving parents, families, and communities in the program. Complete kit includes 10-minute video explaining the program and illustrating how murals were created in several classrooms. (JDM) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 29 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Murals KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Drinking KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Critical Thinking KW - Videotape Recordings KW - Art Expression KW - Children KW - Smoking KW - Prevention KW - Theater Arts KW - Art Therapy KW - Drug Education KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62237977?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Accompanying 10-minute videotape not available thr N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - African Workers' Participation Development Programme -- Developing Strategy and Approach for Education T2 - International Sociological Association AN - 61732791; 94S27324 AB - Considers the crisis of Africa's political economies & its impact on trade union rights, drawing largely on material from the African Workers' Participation Development Programme & other trade union documents. It is proposed that workers' participation can contribute to the overall development of the trade union movement & to the expansion of trade union activity into new areas, thus enhancing workers' autonomy. Opposition to workers' participation by neoliberalism is acknowledged, along with major practical problems of implementation that would involve significant social struggles. Emergent priorities for education & training are discussed. JF - International Sociological Association AU - Adu-Amankwah, K Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 KW - workers' participation, trade union movement development, Africa KW - documentary data KW - Worker Participation KW - Unions KW - Africa KW - Political Economy KW - Labor Movements KW - proceeding KW - 0621: complex organization; jobs, work organization, workplaces, & unions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61732791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=International+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=African+Workers%27+Participation+Development+Programme+--+Developing+Strategy+and+Approach+for+Education&rft.au=Adu-Amankwah%2C+K&rft.aulast=Adu-Amankwah&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1994 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies for Work with Involuntary Clients AN - 61467663; 199504908 JF - Social Work in Health Care AU - Congress, Elaine P AU - Congress, Elaine P AD - Fordham U Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 SP - 123 EP - 127 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0098-1389, 0098-1389 KW - article KW - 6150: social welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61467663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Social+Work+in+Health+Care&rft.atitle=Strategies+for+Work+with+Involuntary+Clients&rft.au=Congress%2C+Elaine+P%3BRooney%2C+Ronald+H&rft.aulast=Congress&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Work+in+Health+Care&rft.issn=00981389&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Edition date: 1992. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frida, Foucault and Ecriture Feminine AN - 61347326; 9501051 AB - Two readings of Frida Kahlo's painting Tree of Hope, Stand Fast (1964) are contrasted. The first is through French feminist philosopher Helene Cixous, whose work is concerned with feminine body & desire, & the feminine body's creativity. Interpreting the painting through Cixous, Frida becomes a feminine subject celebrating the truth of her embodiment, a visual example of ecriture feminine (feminine writing). The second (preferred) reading is through Michel Foucault, whose work is concerned with the nature & operation of power in society. Through Foucault's philosophy, Frida as a feminine subject makes herself through her painting. Frida contributes to the idealized femininity through her pursuit of that ideal. Foucault's reading gives the artist recognition for real creative activity. 9 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Gender Studies AU - Shera, Peta Allen AD - Australian Film/TV/Radio School, GPO Box 126 North Ryde New South Wales 2113 Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 SP - 139 EP - 144 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 0958-9236, 0958-9236 KW - feminine subject, Freida Kahlo's Tree of Hope, Stand Fast painting, Helene Cixous's/Michel Foucault's readings KW - Art KW - Foucault, Michel KW - Feminism KW - article KW - 1331: sociology of language and the arts; sociology of art (creative & performing) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61347326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Gender+Studies&rft.atitle=Frida%2C+Foucault+and+Ecriture+Feminine&rft.au=Shera%2C+Peta+Allen&rft.aulast=Shera&rft.aufirst=Peta&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Gender+Studies&rft.issn=09589236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JGESEH N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foucault, Michel; Feminism; Art ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The administration's crop insurance proposal: hearing, May 11, 1994 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-1050 AN - 59717977; 1995-1212940 AB - Examines proposed legislation combining crop insurance with disaster insurance, and eliminating the need for ad hoc disaster bills. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iii+90 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iii+90 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160475163 KW - Disaster relief -- United States KW - United States -- Federal crop insurance corporation KW - United States -- Agricultural sector KW - Disaster insurance -- United States KW - Agricultural insurance -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59717977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B90&rft.isbn=0160475163&rft.btitle=The+administration%27s+crop+insurance+proposal%3A+hearing%2C+May+11%2C+1994&rft.title=The+administration%27s+crop+insurance+proposal%3A+hearing%2C+May+11%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-047516-3) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Miscellaneous farm-related tax proposals: hearing, October 5, 1994, on S. 226 [and other bills] T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-1025 AN - 59715595; 1995-1008610 AB - On tax bills related to the estate tax, treatment of disaster-related income, farmer cooperatives, environmental compliance by farmers, retirement saving, and export companies. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iv+85 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iv+85 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016047079X KW - Agriculture, Cooperative -- Tax aspects KW - Trading companies -- Tax aspects KW - United States -- Tax policy KW - Inheritance and transfer tax -- United States KW - Agriculture -- Tax aspects KW - Retirement income -- Tax aspects KW - United States -- Agricultural policy KW - Agriculture -- Subsidies KW - Farm income -- Tax aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59715595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B85&rft.isbn=016047079X&rft.btitle=Miscellaneous+farm-related+tax+proposals%3A+hearing%2C+October+5%2C+1994%2C+on+S.+226&rft.title=Miscellaneous+farm-related+tax+proposals%3A+hearing%2C+October+5%2C+1994%2C+on+S.+226&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-047079-X) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Making the Pentagon accountable: financial problems and progress: hearing, July 12, 1994 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-934 AN - 59704277; 1995-1004780 AB - Examines Defense Department progress in improving financial management practices, required under the Chief Financial Officers Act. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iv+379 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iv+379 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160466660 KW - Administrative responsibility -- United States KW - Purchasing, Military and naval -- Finance KW - United States -- Defenses -- Finance KW - Government accounting -- United States KW - United States -- Defense department KW - Cost control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59704277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B379&rft.isbn=0160466660&rft.btitle=Making+the+Pentagon+accountable%3A+financial+problems+and+progress%3A+hearing%2C+July+12%2C+1994&rft.title=Making+the+Pentagon+accountable%3A+financial+problems+and+progress%3A+hearing%2C+July+12%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-046666-0) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Domestic oil and gas: tax proposals to increase production: hearing, March 14, 1994 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-971 AN - 59701469; 1995-1004770 AB - Tax credits for marginal production and new production, expensing geological and geophysical costs, and other measures to counter falling petroleum prices and unemployment in the energy sector. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iv+183 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iv+183 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160467772 KW - Natural gas -- Tax aspects KW - Tax credits -- United States KW - Petroleum industry -- Tax aspects KW - Petroleum industry -- Supply and demand KW - Tax expenditures -- United States KW - United States -- Energy sector KW - Petroleum industry -- Prices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59701469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B183&rft.isbn=0160467772&rft.btitle=Domestic+oil+and+gas%3A+tax+proposals+to+increase+production%3A+hearing%2C+March+14%2C+1994&rft.title=Domestic+oil+and+gas%3A+tax+proposals+to+increase+production%3A+hearing%2C+March+14%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-046777-2) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The condition of the bank and thrift industries: hearing, September 22, 1994, on current developments in the area of the financial structure and the need to identify potential future problems such as derivatives, disparities in bank and thrift insurance premiums, capital regulations for insurance rate risk, and other issues T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-907 AN - 59701135; 1995-0907340 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iv+312 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iv+312 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160471214 KW - Thrift institutions -- United States KW - Banking insurance -- Rates and tables KW - United States -- Federal deposit insurance corporation KW - Banking -- United States KW - United States -- Banking sector KW - Financial intermediaries -- United States KW - Banking -- Guaranty of deposits KW - Thrift institutions -- Guaranty of deposits KW - Derivative securities -- Marketing -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59701135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B312&rft.isbn=0160471214&rft.btitle=The+condition+of+the+bank+and+thrift+industries%3A+hearing%2C+September+22%2C+1994%2C+on+current+developments+in+the+area+of+the+financial+structure+and+the+need+to+identify+potential+future+problems+such+as+derivatives%2C+disparities+in+bank+and+thrift+insurance+premiums%2C+capital+regulations+for+insurance+rate+risk%2C+and+other+issues&rft.title=The+condition+of+the+bank+and+thrift+industries%3A+hearing%2C+September+22%2C+1994%2C+on+current+developments+in+the+area+of+the+financial+structure+and+the+need+to+identify+potential+future+problems+such+as+derivatives%2C+disparities+in+bank+and+thrift+insurance+premiums%2C+capital+regulations+for+insurance+rate+risk%2C+and+other+issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-047121-4) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Medical malpractice and antitrust issues in health care reform: hearing, May 12, 1994 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-848 AN - 59700585; 1995-1010340 AB - Examines impact of medical malpractice reforms and antitrust law on health care costs. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iv+295 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iv+295 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160469880 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Trusts, Industrial -- United States KW - Medical malpractice insurance -- Costs KW - Law reform -- United States KW - Medical profession -- Malpractice KW - United States -- Health policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59700585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B295&rft.isbn=0160469880&rft.btitle=Medical+malpractice+and+antitrust+issues+in+health+care+reform%3A+hearing%2C+May+12%2C+1994&rft.title=Medical+malpractice+and+antitrust+issues+in+health+care+reform%3A+hearing%2C+May+12%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-046988-0) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Proposed constitutional amendments to balance the federal budget: floor action and committee hearings for the 103d Congress; a legislative history T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. print 103-112 Com. print AN - 59699030; 1995-0513510 JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. xiii+2383 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - xiii+2383 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160467438 KW - United States -- Constitutional history KW - Legislative research -- United States KW - United States -- Appropriations and expenditures KW - Deficit financing -- United States KW - United States -- Constitution -- Amendments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59699030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xiii%2B2383&rft.isbn=0160467438&rft.btitle=Proposed+constitutional+amendments+to+balance+the+federal+budget%3A+floor+action+and+committee+hearings+for+the+103d+Congress%3B+a+legislative+history&rft.title=Proposed+constitutional+amendments+to+balance+the+federal+budget%3A+floor+action+and+committee+hearings+for+the+103d+Congress%3B+a+legislative+history&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-046743-8) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - S. 2467, GATT implementing legislation: hearings, October 4-November 15, 1994 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-823 AN - 59697188; 1995-0911390 AB - Issues relating to US adhesion to the Uruguay round agreements and the World Trade Organization (WTO). JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. v+536 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - v+536 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016046160X KW - United States -- Commercial treaties and agreements KW - World trade organization KW - General agreement on tariffs and trade KW - United States -- Commercial policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59697188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B536&rft.isbn=016046160X&rft.btitle=S.+2467%2C+GATT+implementing+legislation%3A+hearings%2C+October+4-November+15%2C+1994&rft.title=S.+2467%2C+GATT+implementing+legislation%3A+hearings%2C+October+4-November+15%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-046160-X) pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Retirement Protection Act of 1993: hearing, June 15, 1994, on S. 1780 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-1012 AN - 59696847; 1995-0512970 AB - Examines proposed legislation to strengthen pension funding requirements, with special reference to defined benefit plans insured by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC). JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iv+152 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iv+152 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160469422 KW - Pension benefit guaranty corporation KW - Retirement income -- United States KW - Employees' benefit plans -- United States KW - Industrial pensions -- Finance KW - Pension funds and funding -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59696847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B152&rft.isbn=0160469422&rft.btitle=Retirement+Protection+Act+of+1993%3A+hearing%2C+June+15%2C+1994%2C+on+S.+1780&rft.title=Retirement+Protection+Act+of+1993%3A+hearing%2C+June+15%2C+1994%2C+on+S.+1780&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-046942-2) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Briefing on results of the Nuclear Posture Review: hearing, September 22, 1994 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-870 AN - 59692679; 1995-0512350 AB - Findings and policy recommendations of the Clinton administration's assessment of US atomic weapons, strategic forces, and supporting infrastructure. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iii+60 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iii+60 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160463734 KW - Atomic warfare -- Strategy KW - United States -- Armed forces KW - Atomic weapons -- United States KW - United States -- Defenses KW - Military planning -- United States KW - Deterrence (strategy) -- United States KW - United States -- Military policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59692679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B60&rft.isbn=0160463734&rft.btitle=Briefing+on+results+of+the+Nuclear+Posture+Review%3A+hearing%2C+September+22%2C+1994&rft.title=Briefing+on+results+of+the+Nuclear+Posture+Review%3A+hearing%2C+September+22%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-046373-4) pa N1 - Document feature - chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - U.S. private savings crisis: long-term economic implications and options for reform: hearing, December 7, 1994 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-1029 AN - 59692008; 1995-0802040 AB - Focuses on the decline of private savings and the threat posed to the ability of individuals to live comfortably in their retirement. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iv+101 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iv+101 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160471028 KW - Retirement income -- United States KW - Personal finance -- United States KW - Saving -- United States KW - United States -- Economic conditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59692008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B101&rft.isbn=0160471028&rft.btitle=U.S.+private+savings+crisis%3A+long-term+economic+implications+and+options+for+reform%3A+hearing%2C+December+7%2C+1994&rft.title=U.S.+private+savings+crisis%3A+long-term+economic+implications+and+options+for+reform%3A+hearing%2C+December+7%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-047102-8) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - United States dual-use exports to Iraq and their impact on the health of the Persian Gulf war veterans: hearing, May 25, 1994 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-900 AN - 59690849; 1995-0704010 AB - "Gulf War syndrome" illnesses affecting US veterans possibly caused by Iraqi chemical or biological weapons developed using US-manufactured items exported under Commerce Department licenses. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iii+551 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iii+551 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160470692 KW - Purchasing, Military and naval -- Iraq KW - Iraq -- Commerce -- United States KW - Persian gulf conflict, 1991 KW - Biological weapons -- Export-import trade KW - Chemical weapons -- Export-import trade KW - United States -- Armed forces -- Medical and sanitary affairs KW - United States -- Commerce -- Iraq KW - Munitions -- Export-import trade KW - Veterans -- Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59690849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B551&rft.isbn=0160470692&rft.btitle=United+States+dual-use+exports+to+Iraq+and+their+impact+on+the+health+of+the+Persian+Gulf+war+veterans%3A+hearing%2C+May+25%2C+1994&rft.title=United+States+dual-use+exports+to+Iraq+and+their+impact+on+the+health+of+the+Persian+Gulf+war+veterans%3A+hearing%2C+May+25%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-047069-2) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Work and Responsibility Act of 1994: hearing, July 13, 1994, on S. 2224 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-1017 AN - 59690662; 1995-0703340 AB - Examines proposed legislation to reduce the number of people on public welfare; higher minimum wage, child support enforcement, affordable child care, reduction of teen pregnancies, and other recommendations. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iv+56 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iv+56 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160470722 KW - Poor -- United States KW - Poverty relief KW - Child support -- United States KW - Teenage pregnancy -- United States KW - Public welfare -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Family allowances -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59690662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iv%2B56&rft.isbn=0160470722&rft.btitle=Work+and+Responsibility+Act+of+1994%3A+hearing%2C+July+13%2C+1994%2C+on+S.+2224&rft.title=Work+and+Responsibility+Act+of+1994%3A+hearing%2C+July+13%2C+1994%2C+on+S.+2224&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-047072-2) pa N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Questionable disaster payments: $92 million paid for losses in 9 states, 1988-93: report, August 1994 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. print 103-103 Com. print AN - 59690144; 1995-0403490 AB - Identifies counties and vegetable/fruit crops that received excessive payments relative to the value of production; whether misuse of the disaster program is a nationwide problem; recommendations. Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas; crops involved were cantaloupes, blueberries, cucumbers, peaches, squash, tomatoes, turnip greens, and watermelons. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. v+14 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - v+14 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160464226 KW - Agricultural products -- United States KW - Southern states -- Agricultural sector KW - United States -- Agricultural policy KW - Agricultural insurance -- United States KW - Disaster relief -- United States -- Southern states UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59690144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B14&rft.isbn=0160464226&rft.btitle=Questionable+disaster+payments%3A+%2492+million+paid+for+losses+in+9+states%2C+1988-93%3A+report%2C+August+1994&rft.title=Questionable+disaster+payments%3A+%2492+million+paid+for+losses+in+9+states%2C+1988-93%3A+report%2C+August+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-046422-6) N1 - Document feature - table(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Oversight of the reformulated gasoline rule: hearing, April 22, 1994 T2 - 103d Cong., 2d sess. S. hearing 103-828 AN - 59687303; 1995-0706470 AB - Examines the Dec. 14, 1993 Clean Air rule relating to specifications for reformulated gasoline, and softening of the rule for Venezuela by the US Environmental Protection Agency. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. iii+122 pp. Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - iii+122 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160462096 KW - Venezuela -- Economic relations -- United States KW - Motor vehicles -- Exhaust KW - Petroleum industry -- Export-import trade KW - Motor vehicles -- Fuel -- Environmental aspects KW - Air pollution -- United States KW - United States -- Environmental policy KW - United States -- Economic relations -- Venezuela KW - United States -- Environmental protection agency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59687303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B122&rft.isbn=0160462096&rft.btitle=Oversight+of+the+reformulated+gasoline+rule%3A+hearing%2C+April+22%2C+1994&rft.title=Oversight+of+the+reformulated+gasoline+rule%3A+hearing%2C+April+22%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-046209-6) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016