TY - BOOK T1 - Understanding China's Political System AN - 58843545; 2010-476746 AB - Three main actors co-exist with the Communist Party at the top of China's political system: the state government bureaucracy; the People's Liberation Army, and the National People's Congress. Other political actors include provincial and local officials; a growing body of official and quasi-official policy research groups and think tanks; a collection of state sector, multinational, and even private business interests exerting pressure on policy decisions; a vigorous academic and university community; a diverse media that informs public opinion; and an increasingly vocal and better-informed citizenry that are demanding more transparency and accountability from government. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 31 2009, 24 pp. AU - Dumbaugh, Kerry AU - Martin, Michael F Y1 - 2009/12/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 31 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Public opinion KW - Bureaucracy KW - Army KW - State government KW - Communist parties KW - China (People's Republic) KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58843545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Dumbaugh%2C+Kerry%3BMartin%2C+Michael+F&rft.aulast=Dumbaugh&rft.aufirst=Kerry&rft.date=2009-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Understanding+China%27s+Political+System&rft.title=Understanding+China%27s+Political+System&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R41007_20091231.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-07 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R41007 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Federal Budget: Current and Upcoming Issues AN - 58836362; 2010-476747 AB - The federal budget helps implement Congress's "power of the purse" by expressing Congress's spending priorities among competing aims. As detailed in this discussion of the FY2010 budget, the Obama Administration's budget described several important changes, including increased funding for certain domestic priorities, major programmatic reforms, and proposed spending cuts in some programs. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 31 2009, 30 pp. AU - Austin, D Andrew AU - Levit, Mindy R Y1 - 2009/12/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 31 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - United States KW - Appropriations and expenditures KW - Budget KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58836362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Austin%2C+D+Andrew%3BLevit%2C+Mindy+R&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2009-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Federal+Budget%3A+Current+and+Upcoming+Issues&rft.title=The+Federal+Budget%3A+Current+and+Upcoming+Issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40088_20091231.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-07 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40088 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Security Classification Policy and Procedure: E.O. 12958, as Amended AN - 1641843160; 2011-760645 AB - Largely prescribed in a series of successive presidential executive orders issued over the past 50 years, security classification policy and procedure provide the rationale and arrangements for designating information officially secret for reasons of national security, and for its declassification as well. Current security classification policy may be found in Executive Order 12958, which was signed by President William Clinton on April 17, 1995. President Obama signed an executive order on December 29, 2009, that revoked E.O. 12958 and "prescribes a uniform system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security information.". Tables. JF - Federation of American Scientists, Dec 31 2009, 12 pp. AU - Kosar, Kevin R Y1 - 2009/12/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 31 PB - Federation of American Scientists KW - Education and education policy - Statistics, research, research methods, and research support KW - Government - Executive power KW - Government - Public officials KW - Military and defense policy - National defense KW - Obama, Barack KW - Presidents KW - Classification KW - Executive orders KW - National defense KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1641843160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kosar%2C+Kevin+R&rft.aulast=Kosar&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2009-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Security+Classification+Policy+and+Procedure%3A+E.O.+12958%2C+as+Amended&rft.title=Security+Classification+Policy+and+Procedure%3A+E.O.+12958%2C+as+Amended&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/R40713.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Publication note - Federation of American Scientists, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - Congressional Research Service Report no. 97-771 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Guantanamo Detention Center: Legislative Activity in the 111th Congress AN - 58846035; 2010-476750 AB - The detention of alleged enemy combatants at the US Naval Station in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, together with recent proposals to transfer some such individuals to the US for prosecution or continued detention, has been a subject of considerable interest for Congress. Several authorization and appropriations measures enacted during the 111th Congress, and various pending bills, address the disposition and treatment of Guantanamo detainees; and this report analyzes relevant provisions in enacted legislation and selected pending bills. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 30 2009, 13 pp. AU - Henning, Anna C Y1 - 2009/12/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 30 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Administration of justice - Prisoners and correctional facilities and personnel KW - International relations - International relations KW - International relations KW - United States KW - Cuba KW - Prisoners KW - Legislation KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58846035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Henning%2C+Anna+C&rft.aulast=Henning&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=2009-12-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Guantanamo+Detention+Center%3A+Legislative+Activity+in+the+111th+Congress&rft.title=Guantanamo+Detention+Center%3A+Legislative+Activity+in+the+111th+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40754_20091230.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-07 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40754 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Terrorist Watchlist Checks and Air Passenger Prescreening AN - 58842533; 2010-476748 AB - Ongoing controversy surrounding US air passenger prescreening and terrorist watchlist checks was exacerbated on Christmas Day 2009, when an air passenger attempted to ignite an explosive device on a Detroit-bound flight from Amsterdam. Although US counterterrorism officials reportedly had created a record on the air passenger in the Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment (TIDE), which is maintained at the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), it does not appear that the NCTC ever nominated him for entry into the US government's consolidated Terrorist Screening Database, which is maintained at the Terrorist Screening Center. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 30 2009, 30 pp. AU - Krouse, William J AU - Elias, Bart Y1 - 2009/12/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 30 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - International relations KW - International relations KW - United States KW - Counterterrorism KW - Terrorists KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58842533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Krouse%2C+William+J%3BElias%2C+Bart&rft.aulast=Krouse&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2009-12-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Terrorist+Watchlist+Checks+and+Air+Passenger+Prescreening&rft.title=Terrorist+Watchlist+Checks+and+Air+Passenger+Prescreening&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33645_20091230.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-07 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL33645 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Desalination: Status and Federal Issues AN - 58841216; 2010-476749 AB - In the US, desalination is increasingly investigated as an option for meeting municipal water demands, particularly for coastal communities that can desalinate seawater or estuarine water, interior communities above brackish groundwater aquifers, and communities with contaminated water supplies. Adoption of desalination, however, remains constrained by financial, environmental, regulatory, and other factors. At issue is what role Congress establishes for the federal government in desalination research and development, and in construction and operational costs of desalination demonstration projects and full-scale facilities. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 30 2009, 10 pp. AU - Carter, Nicole T Y1 - 2009/12/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 30 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - Cost KW - United States KW - Federal government KW - Desalination KW - Regulation KW - Water KW - Water supply KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58841216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Carter%2C+Nicole+T&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.date=2009-12-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Desalination%3A+Status+and+Federal+Issues&rft.title=Desalination%3A+Status+and+Federal+Issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40477_20091230.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-07 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40477 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Congressional Review Act: Rules Not Submitted to GAO and Congress AN - 742959162; 2010-551197 AB - The Congressional Review Act (CRA) was enacted to improve congressional authority over agency rulemaking and requires federal agencies to submit all of their final rules to both houses of Congress and the Government Accountability Office (GAO) before they can take effect. GAO periodically compares the list of rules that are submitted to it with the rules that are published in the Federal Register to determine whether any covered rules have not been submitted. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 29 2009, 29 pp. AU - Copeland, Curtis W Y1 - 2009/12/29/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 29 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Government - Public officials KW - Politics - Politics and policy-making KW - United States KW - Legislators KW - Authority KW - Government and politics KW - Political power KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742959162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Copeland%2C+Curtis+W&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rft.date=2009-12-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Congressional+Review+Act%3A+Rules+Not+Submitted+to+GAO+and+Congress&rft.title=Congressional+Review+Act%3A+Rules+Not+Submitted+to+GAO+and+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40997_20091229.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-12 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40997 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Set to Expire February 28, 2010 AN - 742958299; 2010-551198 AB - Three amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) are set to expire (sunset) on February 28, 2010. S. 1692, a bill reported favorably by the Senate Judiciary Committee with an amendment in the nature of a substitute, would extend the sunset date by four years and make various modifications to existing authorities. The three sunsetting amendments expanded the scope of federal intelligence-gathering authority following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 23 2009, 15 pp. AU - Henning, Anna C AU - Liu, Edward C Y1 - 2009/12/23/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 23 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Social conditions and policy - Psychology KW - Education and education policy - Educational psychology and learning ability KW - United States KW - Intelligence KW - Authority KW - Judiciary KW - Surveillance KW - Terrorists KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742958299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Henning%2C+Anna+C%3BLiu%2C+Edward+C&rft.aulast=Henning&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=2009-12-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Amendments+to+the+Foreign+Intelligence+Surveillance+Act+%28FISA%29+Set+to+Expire+February+28%2C+2010&rft.title=Amendments+to+the+Foreign+Intelligence+Surveillance+Act+%28FISA%29+Set+to+Expire+February+28%2C+2010&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40138_20091223.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-12 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40138 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generalized Concentration Addition Predicts Joint Effects of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists with Partial Agonists and Competitive Antagonists AN - 744719674; 13074859 AB - Predicting the expected outcome of a combination exposure is critical to risk assessment. The toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach used for analyzing joint effects of dioxin-like chemicals is a special case of the method of concentration addition. However, the TEF method assumes that individual agents are full aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists with parallel dose-response curves, whereas many mixtures include partial agonists. We assessed the ability of generalized concentration addition (GCA) to predict effects of combinations of full AhR agonists with partial agonists or competitive antagonists. We measured activation of AhR-dependent gene expression in H1G1.1c3 cells after application of binary combinations of AhR ligands. A full agonist (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran) was combined with either a full agonist (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl), a partial agonist (2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl or galangin), or an antagonist (3,3'-diindolylmethane). Combination effects were modeled by the TEF and GCA approaches, and goodness of fit of the modeled response surface to the experimental data was assessed using a nonparametric statistical test. The GCA and TEF models fit the experimental data equally well for a mixture of two full agonists. In all other cases, GCA fit the experimental data significantly better than the TEF model. The TEF model overpredicts effects of AhR ligands at the highest concentration combinations. At lower concentrations, the difference between GCA and TEF approaches depends on the efficacy of the partial agonist. GCA represents a more accurate definition of additivity for mixtures that include partial agonist or competitive antagonist ligands. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Howard, Gregory J AU - Schlezinger, Jennifer J AU - Hahn, Mark E AU - Webster, Thomas F AD - Environmental Health Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Y1 - 2009/12/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 22 SP - 666 EP - 672 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 118 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - additivity KW - AhR KW - aryl hydrocarbon receptor KW - concentration addition KW - interaction KW - mixtures KW - TEF KW - Risk assessment KW - Chemicals KW - Dose-response effects KW - Dioxins KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744719674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Generalized+Concentration+Addition+Predicts+Joint+Effects+of+Aryl+Hydrocarbon+Receptor+Agonists+with+Partial+Agonists+and+Competitive+Antagonists&rft.au=Howard%2C+Gregory+J%3BSchlezinger%2C+Jennifer+J%3BHahn%2C+Mark+E%3BWebster%2C+Thomas+F&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2009-12-22&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901312 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Risk assessment; Dose-response effects; Dioxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901312 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - VH-71/VXX Presidential Helicopter Program: Background and Issues for Congress AN - 58845265; 2010-476751 AB - The VH-71 program is intended to provide 23 new presidential helicopters to replace the current fleet of 19 aging presidential helicopters. As part of its proposed FY2010 Department of Defense (DOD) budget, the Administration proposed terminating the VH-71 program in response to substantial cost growth and schedule delays in the program. As a successor to the VH-71 program, the Administration proposed beginning a new presidential helicopter program in FY2010 called the VXX Presidential Helicopter Program. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 22 2009, 33 pp. AU - Gertler, Jeremiah Y1 - 2009/12/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 22 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Cost KW - United States KW - Appropriations and expenditures KW - Budget KW - Helicopters KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58845265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gertler%2C+Jeremiah&rft.aulast=Gertler&rft.aufirst=Jeremiah&rft.date=2009-12-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=VH-71%2FVXX+Presidential+Helicopter+Program%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.title=VH-71%2FVXX+Presidential+Helicopter+Program%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22103_20091222.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-07 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RS22103 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Air Force KC-X Tanker Aircraft Program: Background and Issues for Congress AN - 58845224; 2010-476752 AB - In 2009, the Department of Defense (DOD) proposed a strategy for a new competition between Boeing and a team consisting of Northrop Grumman and the European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company (EADS, the parent company of Airbus) for a program to build 179 new KC-X aerial refueling tankers for the Air Force. The KC-X acquisition program is of intense interest because of the dollar value of the contract, the number of jobs it would create, the importance of tanker aircraft to US military operations, and because DOD's attempts to acquire a new tanker over the past several years have failed. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 22 2009, 92 pp. AU - Gertler, Jeremiah Y1 - 2009/12/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 22 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - United States KW - Air force KW - Contracts KW - Northrop Grumman corporation KW - Military operations KW - Parents KW - Competition KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58845224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gertler%2C+Jeremiah&rft.aulast=Gertler&rft.aufirst=Jeremiah&rft.date=2009-12-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Air+Force+KC-X+Tanker+Aircraft+Program%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.title=Air+Force+KC-X+Tanker+Aircraft+Program%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34398_20091222.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-07 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL34398 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - International Forestry Issues in Climate Change Bills: Comparison of Provisions of S.1733 and H.R. 2454 AN - 58837325; 2010-455714 AB - Two bills, to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, H.R. 2454 and S. 1733, include provisions that would reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). There are issues for carbon offsets generally -- their verification (measuring, monitoring, and reporting carbon sequestration), their additionality (activities not already occurring or required), their permanence, and leakage (merely shifting deforestation to other locations). These issues are exacerbated for REDD offsets, because many developing countries do not have the capacity to address these concerns; and many are concerned that REDD offsets may inhibit developing countries from committing to GHG reductions and from evolving to low-carbon economies. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 22 2009, 15 pp. AU - Sheikh, Pervaze A AU - Gorte, Ross W Y1 - 2009/12/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 22 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Environment and environmental policy - Ecology and environmental policy KW - United States KW - Climate KW - Environmental policy KW - Developing countries KW - Forestry KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58837325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Sheikh%2C+Pervaze+A%3BGorte%2C+Ross+W&rft.aulast=Sheikh&rft.aufirst=Pervaze&rft.date=2009-12-22&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40990_20091222.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40990 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic Inhibits Neurite Outgrowth by Inhibiting the LKB1-AMPK Signaling Pathway AN - 1677990316; 13074853 AB - Arsenic (As) is an environmental pollutant that induces numerous pathological effects, including neurodevelopmental disorders. We evaluated the role of the LKB1-AMPK pathway in As-induced developmental neurotoxicity using Neuro-2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cells as a model of developing neurons. The addition of low concentrations of As (, 5 kM) during differentiation caused an inhibitory effect on the neurite outgrowth in N2a cells in the absence of cell death. Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) induced by retinoic acid in differentiating cells was blocked by As. Pretreatment with the AMPK-specific activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or overexpression of a constitutively active AMPK-a1 plasmid reversed As-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth. The activation of LKB1 (serine/threonine kinase 11), a major AMPK kinase, was also suppressed by As by inhibiting both the phosphorylation and the translocation of LKB1 from nucleus to cytoplasm. Antioxidants, such as N-acetyl cysteine and superoxide dismutase, but not catalase, protected against As-induced inactivation of the LKB1-AMPK pathway and reversed the inhibitory effect of As on neurite outgrowth. Reduced neurite outgrowth induced by As results from deficient activation of AMPK as a consequence of a lack of activation of LKB1. Oxidative stress induced by As, especially excessive superoxide, plays a critical role in blocking the LKB1-AMPK pathway. Our studies provide insight into the mechanisms underlying As-induced developmental neurotoxicity, which is important for designing a new strategy for protecting children against this neurotoxic substance. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wang, Xin AU - Meng, Dan AU - Chang, Qingshan AU - Pan, Jingju AU - Zhang, Zhuo AU - Chen, Gang AU - Ke, Zunji AU - Luo, Jia AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA Y1 - 2009/12/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 22 SP - 627 EP - 634 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 118 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - AMPK KW - arsenic KW - developmental neurotoxicity KW - LKB1 KW - neurite outgrowth KW - neuro-2a neuroblastoma cell KW - ROS KW - Kinases KW - Adenosines KW - Activation KW - Arsenic KW - Phosphorylation KW - Pathways KW - Pathological effects KW - Catalase UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677990316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Arsenic+Inhibits+Neurite+Outgrowth+by+Inhibiting+the+LKB1-AMPK+Signaling+Pathway&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xin%3BMeng%2C+Dan%3BChang%2C+Qingshan%3BPan%2C+Jingju%3BZhang%2C+Zhuo%3BChen%2C+Gang%3BKe%2C+Zunji%3BLuo%2C+Jia%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Xin&rft.date=2009-12-22&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901510 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901510 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonisation in Tasmanian rural hospitals AN - 807286154; 13811919 AB - A point prevalence study was performed to determine the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonisation rates in Tasmanian rural hospital inpatients. Nasal swabs were performed on all Tasmanian rural hospital inpatients hospitalised for more than 48 h before collection. A single swab was collected from both anterior nares and cultured for MRSA. Molecular typing was performed on all MRSA isolated. Demographic and clinical data was collected for each study participant. Data was analysed using the statistical software program SPSS. A total of 185 patients from 14 rural hospitals were included in the study. MRSA was isolated from 13 (7%) patients. Significant differences in MRSA prevalence were found between regions (P < 0.05) and between hospitals (P < 0.05). In the northern region of Tasmania, 11% of rural inpatients were colonised with MRSA, compared with 3 and 0% of rural inpatients in the State's north-west and southern regions, respectively. The presence of an indwelling urinary catheter was associated with a higher risk of MRSA nasal colonisation (P = 0.066). Patient age, gender and duration of hospital admission before the swab was collected were not identified as significant risk factors for MRSA nasal colonisation. Twelve of the 13 MRSA (92%) isolated were characterised as ST22-MRSA-IV (EMRSA-15). There is a higher prevalence of MRSA nasal colonisation in rural hospital inpatients in the northern region of Tasmania compared with other Tasmanian regions. ST22-MRSA-IV may be endemic in at least one northern Tasmanian rural hospital. This information may have implications for future strategies designed to minimise the prevalence and transmission of MRSA in Tasmania. JF - Healthcare Infection AU - Mitchell, Brett AU - McGregor, Alistair AU - Coombs, Geoffrey AD - TIPCU, Department of Health and Human Services, GPO Box 125, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia, brett.mitchell@dhhs.tas.gov.au Y1 - 2009/12/21/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 21 SP - 159 EP - 163 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1835-5617, 1835-5617 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Statistics KW - Drug resistance KW - Demography KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Typing KW - Risk factors KW - Catheters KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Hospitals KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807286154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Healthcare+Infection&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+methicillin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+colonisation+in+Tasmanian+rural+hospitals&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Brett%3BMcGregor%2C+Alistair%3BCoombs%2C+Geoffrey&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft.date=2009-12-21&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Healthcare+Infection&rft.issn=18355617&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FHI09023 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Computer programs; Age; software; Typing; Statistics; Data processing; Risk factors; Drug resistance; Catheters; Hospitals; Staphylococcus aureus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HI09023 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National Security Letters: Proposed Amendments in the 111th Congress AN - 58842125; 2010-476753 AB - The USA PATRIOT Act expanded National Security Letters (NSLs) authority with the result that (1) The FBI considered the expanded authority very useful; (2) After expansion the number of NSLs requests increased dramatically; (3) The number of requests relating to Americans increased substantially; and (4) FBI use of NSL authority had sometimes failed to comply with statutory, Attorney General, or FBI policies. This report provides the five NSL statutes and includes a chart comparing the provisions of the bills and current law. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 21 2009, 34 pp. AU - Doyle, Charles Y1 - 2009/12/21/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 21 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Government - Internal security KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - United States KW - Legislation KW - Internal security KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58842125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Doyle%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2009-12-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=National+Security+Letters%3A+Proposed+Amendments+in+the+111th+Congress&rft.title=National+Security+Letters%3A+Proposed+Amendments+in+the+111th+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40887_20091221.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-07 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40887 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silica-Based Nanoparticle Uptake and Cellular Response by Primary Microglia AN - 1671247600; 13074847 AB - Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are being formulated for cellular imaging and for nonviral gene delivery in the central nervous system (CNS), but it is unclear what potential effects SiNPs can elicit once they enter the CNS. As the resident macrophages of the CNS, microglia are the cells most likely to respond to SiNP entry into the brain. Upon activation, they are capable of undergoing morphological and functional changes. We examined the effects of SiNP exposure using primary rat microglia. We observed microglial uptake of SiNPs using transmission electron and fluorescence confocal microscopy. Microglial functions, including phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), expression of proinflammatory genes, and cytokine release, were measured after SiNP exposure at different concentrations. Microglia are capable of avidly taking up SiNPs at all concentrations tested. These same concentrations did not elicit cytotoxicity or a change in phagocytic activity. SiNPs did increase the productions of both intracellular ROS and RNS. We also observed a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor- alpha gene expression at all concentrations tested and a significant increase in COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) gene expression at the highest concentration of SiNPs. Analysis of cytokine release showed a detectable level of interleukin-1 beta . This is the first study demonstrating the in vitro effects of SiNPs in primary microglia. Our findings suggest that very low levels of SiNPs are capable of altering microglial function. Increased ROS and RNS production, changes in proinflammatory genes, and cytokine release may not only adversely affect microglial function but also affect surrounding neurons. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Choi, Judy AU - Zheng, Qingdong AU - Katz, Howard E AU - Guilarte, Tomas R AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2009/12/21/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 21 SP - 589 EP - 595 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 United States of America VL - 118 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Gene expression KW - Activation KW - Central nervous system KW - Cellular KW - Genes KW - Uptakes KW - Cytokines KW - Nanostructure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671247600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Silica-Based+Nanoparticle+Uptake+and+Cellular+Response+by+Primary+Microglia&rft.au=Choi%2C+Judy%3BZheng%2C+Qingdong%3BKatz%2C+Howard+E%3BGuilarte%2C+Tomas+R&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft.date=2009-12-21&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901534 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901534 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of Covalently Bound Protein Adducts from the Cytotoxicant Naphthalene in Nasal Epithelium: Species Comparisons AN - 744701208; 13074856 AB - Naphthalene is a volatile hydrocarbon that causes dose-, species-, and cell type-dependent cytotoxicity after acute exposure and hyperplasia/neoplasia after lifetime exposures in rodents. Toxicity depends on metabolic activation, and reactive metabolite binding correlates with tissue and site susceptibility. We compared proteins adducted in nasal epithelium from rats and rhesus macaques in vitro. Adducted proteins recovered from incubations of nasal epithelium and 14C-naphthalene were separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and imaged to register radioactive proteins. We identified proteins visualized by silver staining on complementary nonradioactive gels by peptide mass mapping. The levels of reactive metabolite binding in incubations of rhesus ethmoturbinates and maxilloturbinates are similar to those in incubations of target tissues, including rat septal/olfactory regions and murine dissected airway incubations. We identified 40 adducted spots from 2D gel separations of rat olfactory epithelial proteins; 22 of these were nonredundant. In monkeys, we identified 19 spots by mass spectrometry, yielding three nonredundant identifications. Structural proteins (actin/tubulin) were prominent targets in both species. In this study we identified potential target proteins that may serve as markers closely associated with toxicity. The large differences in previously reported rates of naphthalene metabolism to water-soluble metabolites in dissected airways from mice and monkeys are not reflected in similar differences in covalent adduct formation in the nose. This raises concerns that downstream metabolic/biochemical events are very similar between the rat, a known target for naphthalene toxicity and tumorigenicity, and the rhesus macaque, a species similar to the human. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - DeStefano-Shields, Christina AU - Morin, Dexter AU - Buckpitt, Alan Y1 - 2009/12/18/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 18 SP - 647 EP - 652 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 118 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - monkey KW - naphthalene KW - nasal epithelium KW - protein adducts KW - rat KW - reactive metabolites KW - species comparisons KW - Biochemistry KW - Peptide mapping KW - Metabolites KW - Neoplasia KW - Structural proteins KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Rats KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Actin KW - Epithelium KW - Respiratory tract KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Tumorigenicity KW - Naphthalene KW - Toxicity KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Hyperplasia KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Volatiles KW - Protein adducts KW - Proteins KW - Metabolic activation KW - Nose KW - Tubulin KW - Species comparisons KW - rodents KW - Metabolism KW - Gene mapping KW - X 24390:Radioactive Materials KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744701208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Formation+of+Covalently+Bound+Protein+Adducts+from+the+Cytotoxicant+Naphthalene+in+Nasal+Epithelium%3A+Species+Comparisons&rft.au=DeStefano-Shields%2C+Christina%3BMorin%2C+Dexter%3BBuckpitt%2C+Alan&rft.aulast=DeStefano-Shields&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.date=2009-12-18&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901333 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peptide mapping; Hydrocarbons; Naphthalene; Tumorigenicity; Toxicity; Gel electrophoresis; Mass spectroscopy; Structural proteins; Neoplasia; Cytotoxicity; Hyperplasia; Protein adducts; Volatiles; Metabolic activation; Epithelium; Nose; Actin; Tubulin; Gene mapping; Respiratory tract; Rats; Biochemistry; Proteins; Metabolites; Metabolism; rodents; Species comparisons; Macaca mulatta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901333 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - U.S. Public Diplomacy: Background and Current Issues AN - 742959300; 2010-551200 AB - A number of challenges and questions currently affect the future of US public diplomacy efforts. Some argue that abolishing the US Information Agency (USIA) was a mistake and that the State Department is ill-suited to conduct long-term public diplomacy. The Department of Defense and the US military have increased significantly their role in communicating with foreign publics, and this report discusses a number of issues for Congress to consider concerning US public diplomacy. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 18 2009, 65 pp. AU - Nakamura, Kennon H AU - Weed, Matthew C Y1 - 2009/12/18/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 18 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - Diplomacy KW - United States KW - Diplomacy KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742959300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+Kennon+H%3BWeed%2C+Matthew+C&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=Kennon&rft.date=2009-12-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=U.S.+Public+Diplomacy%3A+Background+and+Current+Issues&rft.title=U.S.+Public+Diplomacy%3A+Background+and+Current+Issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40989_20091218.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-12 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40989 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Pay-for-Performance: Lessons from the National Security Personnel System AN - 742955138; 2010-503627 AB - Most federal employees (59.8%) are paid on the General Schedule (GS) consisting of 15 pay grades in which an employee's pay increases are to be based on performance and length of service, but some have argued that federal employee pay advancement should be more closely linked to job performance. This report reviews the creation of the National Security Personnel System (NSPS), examines how NSPS operates, discusses litigation against it, and analyzes lessons that can be learned from NSPS as Congress decides whether to maintain the GS, create a new federal pay system, or modify existing ones. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 18 2009, 30 pp. AU - Ginsberg, Wendy R Y1 - 2009/12/18/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 18 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Government - Forms of government KW - United States KW - Length of service KW - Federal government KW - Employees KW - Performance KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742955138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ginsberg%2C+Wendy+R&rft.aulast=Ginsberg&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.date=2009-12-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Pay-for-Performance%3A+Lessons+from+the+National+Security+Personnel+System&rft.title=Pay-for-Performance%3A+Lessons+from+the+National+Security+Personnel+System&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34673_20091218.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-10 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL34673 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy AN - 742952429; 2010-551199 AB - After instability during the late 1990s, Bahrain undertook substantial political reforms, but the Shiite majority continues to simmer over the Sunni-led government's perceived manipulation of citizenship and election laws and regulations to maintain its grip on power. The Bahraini government fears that Iran is supporting Shiite opposition movements, possibly in an effort to install a Shiite led, pro-Iranian government on the island, and it has tried to place itself under a US security umbrella by hosting US naval headquarters for the Gulf for over 60 years. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 18 2009, 10 pp. AU - Katzman, Kenneth Y1 - 2009/12/18/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 18 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - International relations KW - United States KW - Election law KW - Bahrain KW - Shiites KW - Regulation KW - Foreign relations KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742952429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Katzman%2C+Kenneth&rft.aulast=Katzman&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2009-12-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Bahrain%3A+Reform%2C+Security%2C+and+U.S.+Policy&rft.title=Bahrain%3A+Reform%2C+Security%2C+and+U.S.+Policy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/95-1013_20091218.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-12 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, 95-1013 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological Niche Modeling of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada AN - 744693275; 13074857 AB - Cryptococcus gattii emerged on Vancouver Island, British Columbia (BC), Canada, in 1999, causing human and animal illness. Environmental sampling for C. gattii in southwestern BC has isolated the fungal organism from native vegetation, soil, air, and water. Our aim was to help public health officials in BC delineate where C. gattii is currently established and forecast areas that could support C. gattii in the future. We also examined the utility of ecological niche modeling (ENM) based on human and animal C. gattii disease surveillance data. We performed ENM using the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP) to predict the optimal and potential ecological niche areas of C. gattii in BC. Human and animal surveillance and environmental sampling data were used to build and test the models based on 15 predictor environmental data layers. ENM provided very accurate predictions (> 98% accuracy, p-value & 0.001) for C. gattii in BC. The models identified optimal C. gattii ecological niche areas along the central and south eastern coast of Vancouver Island and within the Vancouver Lower Mainland. Elevation, biogeoclimatic zone, and January temperature were good predictors for identifying the ecological niche of C. gattii in BC. The use of human and animal case data for ENM proved useful and effective in identifying the ecological niche of C. gattii in BC. These results are shared with public health to increase public and physician awareness of cryptococcal disease in regions at risk of environmental colonization of C. gattii. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mak, Sunny AU - Klinkenberg, Brian AU - Bartlett, Karen AU - Fyfe, Murray AD - Epidemiology Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Y1 - 2009/12/17/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 17 SP - 653 EP - 658 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 118 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts KW - British Columbia KW - cryptococcal disease KW - cryptococcosis KW - Cryptococcus gattii KW - ecological niche modeling KW - fungal disease KW - GARP KW - Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction KW - geographic information systems KW - GIS KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Temperature effects KW - INE, Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver I. KW - Data processing KW - Niches KW - Temperature KW - Algorithms KW - Vegetation KW - Cryptococcus KW - colonization KW - Public health KW - Soil KW - Colonization KW - Coastal zone KW - Islands KW - INE, Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver KW - Sampling KW - niches KW - Coasts KW - K 03400:Human Diseases KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744693275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Ecological+Niche+Modeling+of+Cryptococcus+gattii+in+British+Columbia%2C+Canada&rft.au=Mak%2C+Sunny%3BKlinkenberg%2C+Brian%3BBartlett%2C+Karen%3BFyfe%2C+Murray&rft.aulast=Mak&rft.aufirst=Sunny&rft.date=2009-12-17&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901448 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Soil; Colonization; Islands; Data processing; Niches; Algorithms; Vegetation; Sampling; Coasts; Public health; Environmental monitoring; Coastal zone; Temperature; colonization; niches; Cryptococcus; INE, Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver I.; INE, Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901448 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hormone Activity of Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Human Thyroid Receptor-b: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations AN - 744692326; 13074849 AB - Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (HO-PBDEs) may disrupt thyroid hormone status because of their structural similarity to thyroid hormone. However, the molecular mechanisms of interactions with thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are not fully understood. We investigated the interactions between HO-PBDEs and TRb to identify critical structural features and physicochemical properties of HO-PBDEs related to their hormone activity, and to develop quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for the thyroid hormone activity of HO-PBDEs. We used the recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay to determine the hormone activities to TRb and molecular docking to model the ligand-receptor interaction in the binding site. Based on the mechanism of action, molecular structural descriptors were computed, selected, and employed to characterize the interactions, and finally a QSAR model was constructed. The applicability domain (AD) of the model was assessed by Williams plot. The 18 HO-PBDEs tested exhibited significantly higher thyroid hormone activities than did PBDEs (p & 0.05). Hydrogen bonding was the characteristic interaction between HO-PBDE molecules and TRb, and aromaticity had a negative effect on the thyroid hormone activity of HO-PBDEs. The developed QSAR model had good robustness, predictive ability, and mechanism interpretability. Hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between HO-PBDEs and TRb are important factors governing thyroid hormone activities. The HO-PBDEs with higher ability to accept electrons tend to have weak hydrogen bonding with TRb and lower thyroid hormone activities. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Li, Fei AU - Xie, Qing AU - Li, Xuehua AU - Li, Na AU - Chi, Ping AU - Chen, Jingwen AU - Wang, Zijian AU - Hao, Ce AD - Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China Y1 - 2009/12/17/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 17 SP - 602 EP - 606 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 118 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - application domain KW - density functional theory KW - docking KW - HO-PBDEs KW - hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - PBDEs KW - quantitative structure-activity relationship KW - thyroid hormone receptor KW - Yeasts KW - Molecular modelling KW - structure-activity relationships KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Thyroid KW - Electrostatic properties KW - Hydrogen KW - Hormones KW - Models KW - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - Thyroid hormones KW - polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - Thyroid hormone receptors KW - Hydrogen bonding KW - Structure-activity relationships KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744692326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hormone+Activity+of+Hydroxylated+Polybrominated+Diphenyl+Ethers+on+Human+Thyroid+Receptor-b%3A+In+Vitro+and+In+Silico+Investigations&rft.au=Li%2C+Fei%3BXie%2C+Qing%3BLi%2C+Xuehua%3BLi%2C+Na%3BChi%2C+Ping%3BChen%2C+Jingwen%3BWang%2C+Zijian%3BHao%2C+Ce&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft.date=2009-12-17&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901457 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molecular modelling; Thyroid hormones; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Thyroid hormone receptors; Hydrogen bonding; Physicochemical properties; Electrostatic properties; Structure-activity relationships; Models; Yeasts; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; structure-activity relationships; Thyroid; Hydrogen; Hormones DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901457 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response: The SAFER Grant Program AN - 742954886; 2010-503628 AB - The Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response Act (SAFER Act) was enacted by the 108th Congress as Section 1057 of the FY2004 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 108-136) to authorize grants to career, volunteer, and combination local fire departments for the purpose of increasing the number of firefighters to help communities meet industry-minimum standards and attain 24-hour staffing to provide adequate protection from fire and fire-related hazards. The SAFER grant program is authorized through FY2010, but concerns have arisen that modifications to the SAFER statute may be necessary to enable fire departments to more effectively participate in the program. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 17 2009, 10 pp. AU - Kruger, Lennard G Y1 - 2009/12/17/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 17 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - United States KW - Fire departments KW - Standards KW - Firefighters KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742954886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kruger%2C+Lennard+G&rft.aulast=Kruger&rft.aufirst=Lennard&rft.date=2009-12-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=88th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Transpotations+Research+Board&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33375_20091217.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-10 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL33375 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Military Service Records and Unit Histories: A Guide to Locating Sources AN - 742956558; 2010-551202 AB - This guide provides information on locating military unit histories and individual service records of discharged, retired, and deceased military personnel. It includes contact information for military history centers, websites for additional sources of research, and a bibliography of other publications. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 16 2009, 8 pp. AU - Gomez-Granger, Julissa AU - Leland, Anne Y1 - 2009/12/16/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 16 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Social conditions and policy - History KW - Military history KW - Bibliography KW - Military service KW - Publications KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742956558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gomez-Granger%2C+Julissa%3BLeland%2C+Anne&rft.aulast=Gomez-Granger&rft.aufirst=Julissa&rft.date=2009-12-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Military+Service+Records+and+Unit+Histories%3A+A+Guide+to+Locating+Sources&rft.title=Military+Service+Records+and+Unit+Histories%3A+A+Guide+to+Locating+Sources&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21282_20091216.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-12 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RS21282 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Greece Update AN - 742955693; 2010-551201 AB - On taking power in Greece, PanHellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) inherited a severe financial crisis: economic growth has contracted for three consecutive quarters in 2009, and the budget deficit is projected to be 12.7.% of gross domestic product (GDP) and debt to be 125% of GDP in 2010. The Greek government's foreign policy focuses on the European Union (EU), sometimes-strained relations with Turkey, reunifying Cyprus, resolving a dispute with Macedonia over its name, other Balkan issues, and sustaining good relations with the US. Greece has a limited presence with NATO in Afghanistan. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 16 2009, 13 pp. AU - Migdalovitz, Carol Y1 - 2009/12/16/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 16 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Banking and public and private finance - Public finance KW - Panhellenic socialist movement KW - European Union KW - Finance KW - Greece KW - Economic development KW - Public debts KW - Economic conditions KW - Foreign relations KW - Budget KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742955693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Migdalovitz%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Migdalovitz&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=2009-12-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=88th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Transpotations+Research+Board&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21855_20091216.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-12 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RS21855 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Would an Influenza Pandemic Qualify as a Major Disaster under the Stafford Act? AN - 742958324; 2010-551203 AB - Given the current influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, awareness has been raised regarding the potential effects of a severe flu pandemic occurring in the US. In such an event, the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act could provide authority for federal assistance, but questions remain as to whether broader major disaster assistance would be available. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 15 2009, 10 pp. AU - Liu, Edward C Y1 - 2009/12/15/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 15 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Environment and environmental policy - Weather, climate, and natural disasters KW - Health conditions and policy - Diseases and disorders KW - International relations - International relief and humanitarian assistance KW - Disaster relief KW - United States KW - Influenza KW - Authority KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742958324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Liu%2C+Edward+C&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2009-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Would+an+Influenza+Pandemic+Qualify+as+a+Major+Disaster+under+the+Stafford+Act%3F&rft.title=Would+an+Influenza+Pandemic+Qualify+as+a+Major+Disaster+under+the+Stafford+Act%3F&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34724_20091215.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-12 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL34724 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Socio-economic and psychological predictors of domestic greywater and rainwater collection: Evidence from Australia AN - 1777112606; 11299587 AB - The importance of securing water supply necessitates that all options be explored. Research has indicated that demand on water catchments can be substantially decreased when a large proportion of households reuse greywater and/or install rainwater tanks. This paper reports on an internet survey completed by 354 households residing in the Australian Capital Territory and surrounding regions. Statistical analyses examined the relationship between socio-economic and psychological variables and the likelihood of the garden being irrigated with greywater and/or rainwater. The results show income, gender, age and education could not differentiate residents who were irrigating their garden with water from a tank from residents who were not. Residents who used tank water on their gardens had a higher self-reported understanding of a range of water supply options. Female participants and lower income residents were more likely to use greywater on their garden. Participants who irrigated the garden with greywater were more likely to judge various other water collection and recycling proposals as being appropriate. General concerns about water collection and reuse risks were not found to predict which households used tank water and/or greywater on their garden. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Ryan, A M AU - Spash, CL AU - Measham, T G AD - Sustainable Ecosystems Division, GPO Box, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Anthony.ryan@csiro.au Y1 - 2009/12/15/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 15 SP - 164 EP - 171 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 379 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Collection KW - Reuse KW - Gardens KW - Households KW - Water tanks KW - Tanks KW - Water supplies KW - Internet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777112606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Socio-economic+and+psychological+predictors+of+domestic+greywater+and+rainwater+collection%3A+Evidence+from+Australia&rft.au=Ryan%2C+A+M%3BSpash%2C+CL%3BMeasham%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2009-12-15&rft.volume=379&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2009.10.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.10.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct Assessment of Cumulative Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonist Activity in Sera from Experimentally Exposed Mice and Environmentally Exposed Humans AN - 753640512; 13074863 AB - Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands adversely affect many biological processes. However, assessment of the significance of human exposures is hampered by an incomplete understanding of how complex mixtures affect AhR activation/inactivation. These studies used biological readouts to provide a broader context for estimating human risk than that obtained with serum extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS)-based assays alone. AhR agonist activity was quantified in sera from dioxin-treated mice, commercial human sources, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-exposed Faroe Islanders using an AhR-driven reporter cell line. To validate relationships between serum AhR agonist levels and biological outcomes, AhR agonist activity in mouse sera correlated with toxic end points. AhR agonist activity in unmanipulated ('neat') human sera was compared with these biologically relevant doses and with GC/MS-assayed PCB levels. Mouse serum AhR agonist activity correlated with injected dioxin dose, thymic atrophy, and heptomegaly, validating the use of neat serum to assess AhR agonist activity. AhR agonist activity in sera from Faroe Islanders varied widely, was associated with the frequency of recent pilot whale dinners, but did not correlate with levels of PCBs quantified by GC/MS. Surprisingly, significant 'baseline' AhR activity was found in commercial human sera. An AhR reporter assay revealed cumulative levels of AhR activation potential in neat serum, whereas extraction may preclude detection of important non-dioxin-like biological activity. Significant levels of AhR agonist activity in commercial sera and in Faroe Islander sera, compared with that from experimentally exposed mice, suggest human exposures that are biologically relevant in both populations. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schlezinger, Jennifer J AU - Bernard, Pamela L AU - Haas, Amelia AU - Grandjean, Philippe AU - Weihe, Pal AU - Sherr, David H AD - Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Y1 - 2009/12/14/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 14 SP - 693 EP - 698 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 United States of America VL - 118 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/753640512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Direct+Assessment+of+Cumulative+Aryl+Hydrocarbon+Receptor+Agonist+Activity+in+Sera+from+Experimentally+Exposed+Mice+and+Environmentally+Exposed+Humans&rft.au=Schlezinger%2C+Jennifer+J%3BBernard%2C+Pamela+L%3BHaas%2C+Amelia%3BGrandjean%2C+Philippe%3BWeihe%2C+Pal%3BSherr%2C+David+H&rft.aulast=Schlezinger&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2009-12-14&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901113 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901113 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Import Terminals: Siting, Safety, and Regulation AN - 742952323; 2010-551196 AB - Rising price volatility, and the possibility of domestic shortages have increased liquefied natural gas (LNG) demand; and energy companies have proposed new LNG import terminals throughout the coastal US, many of which would be built onshore near populated areas if granted approval by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). This approval process incorporates minimum safety standards established by the Department of Transportation -- Although LNG has had a record of relative safety for the last 45 years, and no LNG tanker or land-based facility has been attacked by terrorists, proposals for new LNG terminal facilities have generated public concern. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 14 2009, 29 pp. AU - Parfomak, Paul W AU - Vann, Adam Y1 - 2009/12/14/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 14 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Energy resources and policy - Petroleum and natural gas industries and products KW - United States KW - Transportation KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Prices KW - Standards KW - Regulation KW - Terrorists KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742952323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Parfomak%2C+Paul+W%3BVann%2C+Adam&rft.aulast=Parfomak&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2009-12-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Liquefied+Natural+Gas+%28LNG%29+Import+Terminals%3A+Siting%2C+Safety%2C+and+Regulation&rft.title=Liquefied+Natural+Gas+%28LNG%29+Import+Terminals%3A+Siting%2C+Safety%2C+and+Regulation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32205_20091214.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-12 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL32205 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan: Background and Policy Issues AN - 742950514; 2010-551195 AB - Since the Bonn Agreement of December 2001, international donor activity and assistance has been coordinated primarily through the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA). Most observers agree that continued, substantial, long-term development is key, as is the need for international support, but questions have been raised about aid effectiveness (funds required, priorities established, impact received) and the coordination necessary to achieve sufficient improvement. This report examines the central role of UNAMA in Afghanistan, the obstacles the organization faces in coordinating international efforts, and related policy issues and considerations for the 111th Congress. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 14 2009, 28 pp. AU - Margesson, Rhoda Y1 - 2009/12/14/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 14 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Politics - Politics and policy-making KW - International relations - International relations KW - United Nations KW - Afghanistan KW - Foreign relations KW - Public policy KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742950514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Margesson%2C+Rhoda&rft.aulast=Margesson&rft.aufirst=Rhoda&rft.date=2009-12-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Assistance+Mission+in+Afghanistan%3A+Background+and+Policy+Issues&rft.title=United+Nations+Assistance+Mission+in+Afghanistan%3A+Background+and+Policy+Issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40747_20091214.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-12 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40747 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Who Regulates Whom? An Overview of U.S. Financial Supervision AN - 58843149; 2010-455705 AB - Federal financial regulation in the US has evolved through a series of piecemeal responses to developments and crises in financial markets. This report provides an overview of current US financial regulation: which agencies are responsible for which institutions and markets, and what kinds of authority they have. In the 111th Congress, H.R. 4173 presents comprehensive reform of the banking agencies, derivatives regulation, investor protection, systemic risk, and other concerns. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 14 2009, 36 pp. AU - Jickling, Mark AU - Murphy, Edward V Y1 - 2009/12/14/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 14 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Business and service sector - Business finance KW - Finance KW - Authority KW - Regulation KW - Banking KW - Markets KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58843149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Jickling%2C+Mark%3BMurphy%2C+Edward+V&rft.aulast=Jickling&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2009-12-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Who+Regulates+Whom%3F+An+Overview+of+U.S.+Financial+Supervision&rft.title=Who+Regulates+Whom%3F+An+Overview+of+U.S.+Financial+Supervision&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40249_20091214.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40249 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Defense: FY2010 Authorization and Appropriations AN - 58838726; 2010-455704 AB - For the Department of Defense (DOD) in FY2010, the Administration requested a total of 663.8 billion dollars in discretionary budget authority, including 533.8 billion dollars for the so-called "base budget" -- all DOD activities other than combat operations -- and 130.0 billion dollars for "overseas contingency operations," including operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. This request curtailed funding for several major weapons programs focused on conventional warfare. The report discusses the defense budget and congressional actions following the President's recommendations. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 14 2009, 116 pp. AU - Towell, Pat AU - Daggett, Stephen AU - Belasco, Amy AU - Best, Richard A, Jr AU - Grasso, Valerie Bailey AU - Henning, Charles A AU - Hildreth, Steven A AU - O'Rourke, Ronald AU - Serafino, Nina M AU - Jansen, Don J Y1 - 2009/12/14/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 14 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - United States Defense department KW - Budget KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58838726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Towell%2C+Pat%3BDaggett%2C+Stephen%3BBelasco%2C+Amy%3BBest%2C+Richard+A%2C+Jr%3BGrasso%2C+Valerie+Bailey%3BHenning%2C+Charles+A%3BHildreth%2C+Steven+A%3BO%27Rourke%2C+Ronald%3BSerafino%2C+Nina+M%3BJansen%2C+Don+J&rft.aulast=Towell&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft.date=2009-12-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Defense%3A+FY2010+Authorization+and+Appropriations&rft.title=Defense%3A+FY2010+Authorization+and+Appropriations&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40567_20091214.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40567 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act: Overview and Issues for Congress AN - 58833244; 2010-455703 AB - President George W. Bush signed the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act (PAEA; P.L. 109-435; 120 Stat. 3198) on December 20, 2006. The PAEA was the first broad revision of the 1970 statute that replaced the US Post Office with the US Postal Service (USPS), a self-supporting, independent agency of the executive branch. This report describes Congress's pursuit of postal reform and summarizes the major provisions of the new postal reform law. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 14 2009, 13 pp. AU - Kosar, Kevin R Y1 - 2009/12/14/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 14 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - United States KW - Postal service KW - Legislation KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58833244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kosar%2C+Kevin+R&rft.aulast=Kosar&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2009-12-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Postal+Accountability+and+Enhancement+Act%3A+Overview+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.title=U.S.+Military+Stop+Loss+Program&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40983_20091214.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40983 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CD4+ T-cell responses to an oral inactivated cholera vaccine in young children in a cholera endemic country and the enhancing effect of zinc supplementation AN - 21127509; 11359662 AB - Immunization of young children with the oral inactivated whole cell cholera vaccine Dukoral containing recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) induces antibody responses which can be further enhanced by zinc supplementation. We have investigated if immunization with the cholera vaccine induces specific T-cell responses in young children and also whether zinc supplementation influences these responses. Bangladeshi children (10-18 months old) received vaccine alone, vaccine together with zinc supplementation or only zinc. T-cell blast formation indicating a proliferative response was analyzed by the flow cytometric assay of cell-mediated immune response in activated whole blood (FASCIA) and cytokines were measured by ELISA. Stronger T-cell responses were detected if a modified CTB molecule (mCTB) with reduced binding to GM1 ganglioside was used for cell stimulation compared to normal CTB. After vaccination, CD4+ T cells responded to mCTB with significantly increased blast formation (P 0.05). The IFN-g production was significantly higher (P 0.05) in children receiving zinc plus vaccine compared to in children receiving vaccine alone. The vibriocidal antibody responses induced by the vaccine were also significantly higher in children receiving zinc supplementation (P < 0.001). Our results thus show that oral cholera vaccination induces a Th1 T-cell response in young children, and that the IFN-g as well as the vibriocidal antibody responses can be enhanced by zinc supplementation. JF - Vaccine AU - Ahmed, Tanvir AU - Arifuzzaman, Mohammad AU - Lebens, Michael AU - Qadri, Firdausi AU - Lundgren, Anna AD - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B), Bangladesh, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh, anna.lundgren@microbio.gu.se Y1 - 2009/12/11/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 11 SP - 422 EP - 429 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - T-cell response KW - FASCIA KW - Oral cholera vaccine KW - Zinc supplementation KW - Young children KW - Ganglioside GM1 KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - g-Interferon KW - Helper cells KW - Children KW - Vaccination KW - Supplementation KW - Flow cytometry KW - Blood KW - CD4 antigen KW - Antibodies KW - Immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Zinc KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Fascia KW - cholera toxin B subunit KW - Cytokines KW - Cholera KW - Vaccines KW - Blast KW - F 06905:Vaccines KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21127509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=CD4%2B+T-cell+responses+to+an+oral+inactivated+cholera+vaccine+in+young+children+in+a+cholera+endemic+country+and+the+enhancing+effect+of+zinc+supplementation&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Tanvir%3BArifuzzaman%2C+Mohammad%3BLebens%2C+Michael%3BQadri%2C+Firdausi%3BLundgren%2C+Anna&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Tanvir&rft.date=2009-12-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Housing+for+Persons+Living+with+HIV%2FAIDS&rft.title=Housing+for+Persons+Living+with+HIV%2FAIDS&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ganglioside GM1; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; g-Interferon; Helper cells; Children; Vaccination; Supplementation; Flow cytometry; Blood; Antibodies; CD4 antigen; Immune response (cell-mediated); Zinc; cholera toxin B subunit; Fascia; Lymphocytes T; Cytokines; Cholera; Vaccines; Blast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.032 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations AN - 58845844; 2010-455707 AB - This report provides a brief overview of Iran's nuclear program and describes the legal basis for the actions taken by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) board and the UN Security Council. In 2002, the IAEA began investigating allegations that Iran had conducted clandestine nuclear activities, and ultimately, the agency reported that some of these activities had violated Tehran's IAEA safeguards agreement. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 10 2009, 14 pp. AU - Kerr, Paul K Y1 - 2009/12/10/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 10 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Military and defense policy - Military equipment and weapons KW - International relations - International relations KW - International relations KW - Iran KW - International atomic energy agency KW - Atomic weapons KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58845844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kerr%2C+Paul+K&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Iran%27s+Nuclear+Program%3A+Tehran%27s+Compliance+with+International+Obligations&rft.title=Iran%27s+Nuclear+Program%3A+Tehran%27s+Compliance+with+International+Obligations&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40094_20091210.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40094 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Military Uniform Procurement: Questions and Answers AN - 58834701; 2010-455706 AB - Military uniforms are procured through the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), an agency of the Department of Defense (DOD). DLA is DOD's largest combat support agency, providing worldwide logistics support for the US military services, civilian agencies, and foreign countries. DSCP's Clothing and Textile (C&T) Directorate supplies more than 8,000 different items ranging from uniforms to footwear and equipment, with over 14.5 billion dollars in sales during 2009. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 10 2009, 3 pp. AU - Grasso, Valerie Bailey Y1 - 2009/12/10/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 10 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Logistics KW - Equipment KW - Military service KW - Clothing KW - United States Defense department KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58834701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Blanchfield%2C+Luisa&rft.aulast=Blanchfield&rft.aufirst=Luisa&rft.date=2009-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Convention%3A+Congressional+Issues&rft.title=The+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Convention%3A+Congressional+Issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS20550_20091210.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R20550 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response and bill-hue wavelength increase with carotenoid supplementation in Diamond Firetails (Stagonopleura guttata) AN - 860375021; 13811767 AB - Carotenoids cannot be synthesised by vertebrates and must be derived from the diet. A growing amount of research has focussed on the role of carotenoids in immune function, as well as the signalling function of carotenoids in the colour of the integument (skin, bill and legs) and feathers. We used an experimental approach to examine the effects of experimental reduction and supplementation of dietary carotenoids on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response (as an estimate of cell-mediated immune response) and colour of the bill in the Diamond Firetail (Stagonopleura guttata). To demonstrate the biological relevance of our study, we first show that carotenoid concentrations of our captive experimental birds did not differ significantly from those of wild birds. We found that carotenoids circulating in the plasma of captive Diamond Firetails dropped to 50% of the original concentration in less than 5 days when on a carotenoid-free diet. The mean level of total carotenoids in the plasma stabilised at 6% of the original concentration after 26 days. Finally, Diamond Firetails showed a significant increase in PHA response and increased bill-hue wavelength while on either a lutein or a zeaxanthin supplemented diet. Our results show rapid signalling of carotenoid concentration in the integument (as measured here in the bill) that we suggest complements the longer term signalling potential of feathers. JF - Emu AU - Stirnemann, Ingrid AU - Johnston, Greg AU - Rich, Brian AU - Robertson, Jeremy AU - Kleindorfer, Sonia AD - School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia, sonia.kleindorfer@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/12/09/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 09 SP - 344 EP - 351 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 109 IS - 4 SN - 0158-4197, 0158-4197 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Skin KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Leg KW - Immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Feathers KW - Integument KW - Dietary supplements KW - Zeaxanthin KW - Immune response KW - Wavelength KW - Xanthophyll KW - Carotenoids KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860375021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emu&rft.atitle=Phytohaemagglutinin+%28PHA%29+response+and+bill-hue+wavelength+increase+with+carotenoid+supplementation+in+Diamond+Firetails+%28Stagonopleura+guttata%29&rft.au=Stirnemann%2C+Ingrid%3BJohnston%2C+Greg%3BRich%2C+Brian%3BRobertson%2C+Jeremy%3BKleindorfer%2C+Sonia&rft.aulast=Stirnemann&rft.aufirst=Ingrid&rft.date=2009-12-09&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emu&rft.issn=01584197&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FMU08069 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Skin; Hemagglutinins; Leg; Feathers; Immune response (cell-mediated); Integument; Dietary supplements; Zeaxanthin; Wavelength; Immune response; Xanthophyll; Carotenoids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MU08069 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal Dioxin Exposure Combined with a Diet High in Fat Increases Mammary Cancer Incidence in Mice AN - 744698372; 13074848 AB - Results from previous studies have suggested that breast cancer risk correlates with total lifetime exposure to estrogens and that early-life 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure or diets high in fat can also increase cancer risk. Because both TCDD and diet affect the estrogen pathway, we examined how TCDD and a high-fat diet (HFD) interact to alter breast cancer susceptibility. We exposed pregnant female FVB/NJ mice (12.5 days postcoitus) to 1 kg/kg TCDD or vehicle; at parturition, the dams were randomly assigned to a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). Female offspring were maintained on the same diets after weaning and were exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene on postnatal days (PNDs) 35, 49, and 63 to initiate mammary tumors. A second cohort of females was treated identically until PND35 or PND49, when mammary gland morphology was examined, or PND50, when mammary gland mRNA was analyzed. We found that maternal TCDD exposure doubled mammary tumor incidence only in mice fed the HFD. Among HFD-fed mice, maternal TCDD exposure caused rapid mammary development with increased Cyp1b1 (cytochrome P450 1B1) expression and decreased Comt (catechol-O-methyltransferase) expression in mammary tissue. Maternal TCDD exposure also increased mammary tumor Cyp1b1 expression. Our data suggest that the HFD increases sensitivity to maternal TCDD exposure, resulting in increased breast cancer incidence, by changing metabolism capability. These results provide a mechanism to explain epidemiological data linking early-life TCDD exposure and diets high in fat to increased risk for breast cancer in humans. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - La Merrill, Michele AU - Harper, Rachel AU - Birnbaum, Linda S AU - Cardiff, Robert D AU - Threadgill, David W AD - Curriculum in Toxicology, Department of Genetics, Center for Environmental and Health Susceptibility, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 2009/12/09/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 09 SP - 596 EP - 601 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 118 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - COMT KW - CYP1B1 KW - dioxin KW - high-fat diet KW - mammary cancer KW - puberty KW - Parturition KW - Weaning KW - tumors KW - Development KW - Catechol O-methyltransferase KW - offspring KW - Diets KW - Estrogens KW - Data processing KW - Mammary gland KW - TCDD KW - Mice KW - Tumors KW - Cancer KW - mRNA KW - Pregnancy KW - High fat diet KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - Breast cancer KW - Progeny KW - Cytochrome P450 KW - Metabolism KW - Dioxin KW - estrogens KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744698372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Maternal+Dioxin+Exposure+Combined+with+a+Diet+High+in+Fat+Increases+Mammary+Cancer+Incidence+in+Mice&rft.au=La+Merrill%2C+Michele%3BHarper%2C+Rachel%3BBirnbaum%2C+Linda+S%3BCardiff%2C+Robert+D%3BThreadgill%2C+David+W&rft.aulast=La+Merrill&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.date=2009-12-09&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=596&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Estrogens; Data processing; Mammary gland; Parturition; TCDD; Weaning; Development; Tumors; Pregnancy; mRNA; Catechol O-methyltransferase; High fat diet; 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Breast cancer; Progeny; Cytochrome P450; Dioxin; Metabolism; Diets; tumors; Mice; Cancer; offspring; estrogens DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901047 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Government Collection of Private Information: Background and Issues Related to the USA PATRIOT Act Reauthorization AN - 58838601; 2010-455708 AB - The impending expiration of the USA PATRIOT Act has prompted legislative proposals which revisit changes it made, especially controversial sections which facilitate the federal government's collection of more information, from a greater number of sources, than had previously been authorized in criminal or foreign intelligence investigations. In addition to the expiring provisions, pending bills address a range of issues, including national security letters, minimization requirements, nondisclosure requirements (gag orders), interception of international communications, and retroactive repeal of communication provider immunity for Terrorist Surveillance Program (TSP) assistance. This report surveys the legal environment in which the legislative proposals arise. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 9 2009, 27 pp. AU - Henning, Anna C AU - Bazan, Elizabeth B AU - Doyle, Charles AU - Liu, Edward C Y1 - 2009/12/09/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 09 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Information KW - Investigation KW - Intelligence KW - Communication KW - Surveillance KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58838601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Henning%2C+Anna+C%3BBazan%2C+Elizabeth+B%3BDoyle%2C+Charles%3BLiu%2C+Edward+C&rft.aulast=Henning&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=2009-12-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Government+Collection+of+Private+Information%3A+Background+and+Issues+Related+to+the+USA+PATRIOT+Act+Reauthorization&rft.title=Government+Collection+of+Private+Information%3A+Background+and+Issues+Related+to+the+USA+PATRIOT+Act+Reauthorization&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40980_20091209.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40980 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress AN - 58832905; 2010-455709 AB - Governments discuss and coordinate economic policies using a mixture of formal institutions, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), and more informal economic forums, like the Group of Seven, or G-7, and the Group of 20, or G-20. This report focuses on informal economic forums, and, specifically, the role of the G-20 in coordinating governments' responses to the current economic crisis. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 9 2009, 28 pp. AU - Nelson, Rebecca M Y1 - 2009/12/09/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 09 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - World trade organization KW - International monetary fund KW - Economic policy KW - Economic conditions KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58832905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Rebecca+M&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.date=2009-12-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+G-20+and+International+Economic+Cooperation%3A+Background+and+Implications+for+Congress&rft.title=The+G-20+and+International+Economic+Cooperation%3A+Background+and+Implications+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40977_20091209.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40977 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particle Emissions, Volatility, and Toxicity from an Ethanol Fumigated Compression Ignition Engine AN - 754543880; 13268467 AB - Particle emissions, volatility, and the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated for a pre-Euro I compression ignition engine to study the potential health impacts of employing ethanol fumigation technology. Engine testing was performed in two separate experimental campaigns with most testing performed at intermediate speed with four different load settings and various ethanol substitutions. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to determine particle size distributions, a volatilization tandem differential mobility analyzer (V-TDMA) was used to explore particle volatility, and a new profluorescent nitroxide probe, BPEAnit, was used to investigate the potential toxicity of particles. The greatest particulate mass reduction was achieved with ethanol fumigation at full load, which contributed to the formation of a nucleation mode. Ethanol fumigation increased the volatility of particles by coating the particles with organic material or by making extra organic material available as an external mixture. In addition, the particle-related ROS concentrations increased with ethanol fumigation and were associated with the formation of a nucleation mode. The smaller particles, the increased volatility, and the increase in potential particle toxicity with ethanol fumigation may provide a substantial barrier for the uptake of fumigation technology using ethanol as a supplementary fuel. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Surawski, Nicholas C AU - Miljevic, Branka AU - Roberts, Boyd A AU - Modini, Robin L AU - Situ, Rong AU - Brown, Richard J AU - Bottle, Steven E AU - Ristovski, Zoran D AD - International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia, School of Engineering Systems, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia Y1 - 2009/12/08/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 08 SP - 229 EP - 235 PB - American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., NW Washington DC 20036 USA VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Mobility KW - Fuels KW - Probes KW - Particulates KW - Fumigation KW - Nucleation KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Emissions KW - uncertainty KW - Ethanol KW - Particle size KW - Volatilization KW - Toxicity KW - Compression KW - Oxygen KW - Scanning KW - Nitroxide KW - Technology KW - Coatings KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754543880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Particle+Emissions%2C+Volatility%2C+and+Toxicity+from+an+Ethanol+Fumigated+Compression+Ignition+Engine&rft.au=Surawski%2C+Nicholas+C%3BMiljevic%2C+Branka%3BRoberts%2C+Boyd+A%3BModini%2C+Robin+L%3BSitu%2C+Rong%3BBrown%2C+Richard+J%3BBottle%2C+Steven+E%3BRistovski%2C+Zoran+D&rft.aulast=Surawski&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.date=2009-12-08&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Black+Studies&rft.issn=00219347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Mobility; Fuels; Probes; Volatilization; Toxicity; Fumigation; Compression; Nucleation; Reactive oxygen species; Scanning; Nitroxide; Ethanol; Coatings; Oxygen; Emissions; Particulates; uncertainty; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9021377 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - High Speed Rail (HSR) in the United States AN - 58841089; 2010-455715 AB - Congress has been interested in high speed rail (HSR) since the 1960s, but the provision of 8 billion dollars for intercity passenger rail and high speed rail projects in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA; P.L. 111-5), enacted in February 2009, has catalyzed enthusiasm for high speed rail. One consequence has been a proposed authorization of 50 billion dollars for intercity passenger rail development, but given the variety of arguments both for and against, and the costs of high speed rail in light of the constrained federal budget, Congress may wish to carefully consider further investment. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 8 2009, 31 pp. AU - Peterman, David Randall AU - Frittelli, John AU - Mallett, William J Y1 - 2009/12/08/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 08 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Transportation KW - Cost KW - United States KW - Transportation KW - Investments KW - Budget KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58841089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Peterman%2C+David+Randall%3BFrittelli%2C+John%3BMallett%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Peterman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2009-12-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=High+Speed+Rail+%28HSR%29+in+the+United+States&rft.title=High+Speed+Rail+%28HSR%29+in+the+United+States&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40973_20091208.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40973 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the Effects of Weather and Climate Change on Malaria Transmission AN - 744695408; 13074852 AB - In recent years, the impact of climate change on human health has attracted considerable attention; the effects on malaria have been of particular interest because of its disease burden and its transmission sensitivity to environmental conditions. We investigated and illustrated the role that dynamic process-based mathematical models can play in providing strategic insights into the effects of climate change on malaria transmission. We evaluated a relatively simple model that permitted valuable and novel insights into the simultaneous effects of rainfall and temperature on mosquito population dynamics, malaria invasion, persistence and local seasonal extinction, and the impact of seasonality on transmission. We illustrated how large-scale climate simulations and infectious disease systems may be modeled and analyzed and how these methods may be applied to predicting changes in the basic reproduction number of malaria across Tanzania. We found extinction to be more strongly dependent on rainfall than on temperature and identified a temperature window of around 32-33C where endemic transmission and the rate of spread in disease-free regions is optimized. This window was the same for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, but mosquito density played a stronger role in driving the rate of malaria spread than did the Plasmodium species. The results improved our understanding of how temperature shifts affect the global distribution of at-risk regions, as well as how rapidly malaria outbreaks take off within vulnerable populations. Disease emergence, extinction, and transmission all depend strongly on climate. Mathematical models offer powerful tools for understanding geographic shifts in incidence as climate changes. Nonlinear dependences of transmission on climate necessitates consideration of both changing climate trends and variability across time scales of interest. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Parham, Paul Edward AU - Michael, Edwin AD - Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Y1 - 2009/12/07/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 07 SP - 620 EP - 626 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 118 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Human diseases KW - Tanzania KW - Rainfall KW - Climatic changes KW - Malaria KW - Population dynamics KW - Public health KW - Disease transmission KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Infectious diseases KW - extinction KW - Seasonal variations KW - Temperature effects KW - Sensitivity KW - Weather KW - Mathematical models KW - disease transmission KW - Extinction KW - Illustrations KW - Temperature KW - Simulation KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - outbreaks KW - Rare species KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - malaria KW - invasions KW - vulnerability KW - Reproduction KW - Environmental conditions KW - Species extinction KW - ENA 13:Population Planning & Control KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744695408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+Effects+of+Weather+and+Climate+Change+on+Malaria+Transmission&rft.au=Parham%2C+Paul+Edward%3BMichael%2C+Edwin&rft.aulast=Parham&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2009-12-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Emoluments+Clause%3A+History%2C+Law%2C+and+Precedents&rft.title=The+Emoluments+Clause%3A+History%2C+Law%2C+and+Precedents&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Illustrations; Climatic changes; Malaria; Rare species; Ecosystem disturbance; Species extinction; Disease transmission; Public health; Temperature effects; Weather; Mathematical models; Extinction; Rainfall; Population dynamics; Infectious diseases; Reproduction; Environmental conditions; Seasonal variations; Sensitivity; disease transmission; Temperature; Simulation; outbreaks; Sulfur dioxide; malaria; extinction; invasions; vulnerability; Plasmodium falciparum; Tanzania DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901256 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nano-Sized Aggregates of Ferritin-CTAB Complex T2 - 11th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC 11) AN - 42265202; 5612437 JF - 11th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC 11) AU - Yilmaz, Neval AU - Kunitake, Masashi Y1 - 2009/12/06/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 06 KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42265202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=11th+Pacific+Polymer+Conference+%28PPC+11%29&rft.atitle=Nano-Sized+Aggregates+of+Ferritin-CTAB+Complex&rft.au=Yilmaz%2C+Neval%3BKunitake%2C+Masashi&rft.aulast=Yilmaz&rft.aufirst=Neval&rft.date=2009-12-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=11th+Pacific+Polymer+Conference+%28PPC+11%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://leishman.conference-services.net/programme.asp?conferenceID=16 04&language=en-uk LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of fuel ethanol and methane from garbage by high-efficiency two-stage fermentation process AN - 869586625; 14817354 AB - A two-stage fermentation process, consisting of a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) stage and a dry methane fermentation stage, was developed to utilize garbage for the production of fuel ethanol and methane. Garbage from families, canteens and concessionaires was used for the study. Saccharification method was studied and the results indicated that the liquefaction pretreatment and the combination of cellulase and glucoamylase was effective for polysaccharide hydrolysis of family garbage with a high content of holocellulose and that SSF was suitable for ethanol fermentation of garbage. Ethanol productivity could be markedly increased from 1.7 to 7.0 g/l/h by repeated-batch SSF of family garbage. A high ethanol productivity of 17.7 g/l/h was achieved when canteen garbage was used. The stillage after distillation was treated by dry methane fermentation and the results indicated that the stillage was almost fully digested and that about 850 ml of biogas was recovered from 1 g of volatile total solid (VTS). Approximately 85% of the energy of the garbage was converted to fuels, ethanol and methane by this process. JF - Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering AU - Koike, Yoji AU - An, Ming-Zhe AU - Tang, Yue-Qin AU - Syo, Tomohiro AU - Osaka, Noriko AU - Morimura, Shigeru AU - Kida, Kenji Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - 508 EP - 512 PB - Society for Biotechnology, Japan, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan VL - 108 IS - 6 SN - 1389-1723, 1389-1723 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Garbage KW - Ethanol fermentation KW - Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation KW - Dry methane fermentation KW - Waste biomass utilization KW - Methane KW - Glucan 1,4- alpha -glucosidase KW - Fermentation KW - Volatiles KW - Fuels KW - Energy KW - biogas KW - Polysaccharides KW - Hydrolysis KW - Cellulase KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869586625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bioscience+and+Bioengineering&rft.atitle=Production+of+fuel+ethanol+and+methane+from+garbage+by+high-efficiency+two-stage+fermentation+process&rft.au=Koike%2C+Yoji%3BAn%2C+Ming-Zhe%3BTang%2C+Yue-Qin%3BSyo%2C+Tomohiro%3BOsaka%2C+Noriko%3BMorimura%2C+Shigeru%3BKida%2C+Kenji&rft.aulast=Koike&rft.aufirst=Yoji&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bioscience+and+Bioengineering&rft.issn=13891723&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jbiosc.2009.06.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methane; Glucan 1,4- alpha -glucosidase; Volatiles; Fermentation; Energy; Fuels; biogas; Polysaccharides; Hydrolysis; Cellulase; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.06.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rediscovering Nature in Everyday Settings: Or How to Create Healthy Environments and Healthy People AN - 754568814; 13418240 AB - It is estimated that half of the world's population now live in urban environments. Urban living necessitates a removal from nature, yet evidence indicates that contact with nature is beneficial for human health. In fact, everyday urban places, such as where people live, study, and work, provide opportunities to bring nature back into cities to contribute to positive, healthy environments for people and to foster the human-nature connection. The inclusion of more nature in cities could have additional environmental benefits, such as habitat provision and improving the environmental performance of built environments. In the context of climate change, outcomes such as these assume further importance. This article explores how common urban places can foster links between people and nature, and generate positive health and well-being outcomes. We achieve this by exploring nature in the everyday settings of schools and residential housing. JF - EcoHealth AU - Maller, Cecily J AU - Henderson-Wilson, Claire AU - Townsend, Mardie AD - Global Cities Institute and Centre for Design, College of Design and Social Context, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia, cecily.maller@rmit.edu.au Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - 553 EP - 556 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1612-9202, 1612-9202 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Housing KW - Climatic changes KW - Habitat KW - world population KW - schools KW - Urban areas KW - Urban environments KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754568814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EcoHealth&rft.atitle=Rediscovering+Nature+in+Everyday+Settings%3A+Or+How+to+Create+Healthy+Environments+and+Healthy+People&rft.au=Maller%2C+Cecily+J%3BHenderson-Wilson%2C+Claire%3BTownsend%2C+Mardie&rft.aulast=Maller&rft.aufirst=Cecily&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EcoHealth&rft.issn=16129202&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10393-010-0282-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Housing; Climatic changes; Habitat; Urban environments; world population; schools; Urban areas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-010-0282-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cadmium and Breast Cancer: Exposure Associated with Basal-Like Phenotype AN - 746274376; 12747706 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Barrett, Julia R Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - A552 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Breast cancer KW - Cancer KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746274376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cadmium+and+Breast+Cancer%3A+Exposure+Associated+with+Basal-Like+Phenotype&rft.au=Barrett%2C+Julia+R&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=A552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breast cancer; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hit or Miss?: Benefits and Risks of Using Nanoparticles for in Situ Remediation AN - 746200254; 12747399 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Burton, Adrian Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - A552 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Bioremediation KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746200254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hit+or+Miss%3F%3A+Benefits+and+Risks+of+Using+Nanoparticles+for+in+Situ+Remediation&rft.au=Burton%2C+Adrian&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=A552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioremediation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Periodontal Disease and Environmental Cadmium Exposure AN - 746199268; 12747600 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Guzzi, Gianpaolo AU - Pigatto, Paolo D AU - Ronchi, Anna Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - A535 EP - A536 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - periodontal diseases KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746199268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Periodontal+Disease+and+Environmental+Cadmium+Exposure&rft.au=Guzzi%2C+Gianpaolo%3BPigatto%2C+Paolo+D%3BRonchi%2C+Anna&rft.aulast=Guzzi&rft.aufirst=Gianpaolo&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=A535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901189 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - periodontal diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901189 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tackling the Research Challenges of Health and Climate Change AN - 746199159; 12747034 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Glass, Roger AU - Rosenthal, Joshua AU - Jessup, Christine M AU - Birnbaum, Linda AU - Portier, Chris Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - A534 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Climatic changes KW - ENA 20:Weather Modification & Geophysical Change UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746199159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Tackling+the+Research+Challenges+of+Health+and+Climate+Change&rft.au=Glass%2C+Roger%3BRosenthal%2C+Joshua%3BJessup%2C+Christine+M%3BBirnbaum%2C+Linda%3BPortier%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=A534&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901171 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Climatic changes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901171 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Localist Movements in a Global Economy: Sustainability, Justice, and Urban Development in the United States AN - 746197881; 12747160 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - McMichael, Anthony J Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - A560 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Urban planning KW - USA KW - Economics KW - sustainability KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746197881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Localist+Movements+in+a+Global+Economy%3A+Sustainability%2C+Justice%2C+and+Urban+Development+in+the+United+States&rft.au=McMichael%2C+Anthony+J&rft.aulast=McMichael&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=A560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urban planning; Economics; sustainability; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS: Melting Glaciers Release Frozen Toxicants AN - 746078522; 12746911 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weinhold, Bob Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - A538 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Toxicants KW - persistent organic pollutants KW - Glaciers KW - glaciers KW - Melting KW - Pollutants KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - X 24490:Other KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746078522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=PERSISTENT+ORGANIC+POLLUTANTS%3A+Melting+Glaciers+Release+Frozen+Toxicants&rft.au=Weinhold%2C+Bob&rft.aulast=Weinhold&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=A538&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Melting; Toxicants; Pollutants; Glaciers; persistent organic pollutants; glaciers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding Resilience in South Australian Farm Families AN - 743045350; 201033247 AB - Despite prolonged droughts over the last decade across rural South Australia the majority of farmers continue to farm. This research asks the questions, 'what helps them to "get by"?', and 'does this mean that they are resilient?'. In this study, resilience implies a strengths-based approach to mental health and well-being whilst other drought response programs focus on identifying and responding to problems or deficits. In using resilience to understand mental health and wellbeing in farm families, we move beyond the perceptions that resilience is a series of traits or characteristics, which protect an individual from the impact of adversity. Instead, we view resilience as a systemic process embedded in the wider social contexts that enables individuals to make judgements and decisions for themselves, their families and their communities. Adapted from the source document. JF - Rural Society AU - Greenhill, Jennene AU - King, Debra AU - Lane, Anna AU - MacDougall, Colin AD - Flinders University Rural Clinical School, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia jennene.greenhill@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - December 2009 SP - 318 EP - 325 PB - eContent Management, Queensland Australia VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 1037-1656, 1037-1656 KW - Rural mental health, Resilience, Farm family, Drought KW - Resilience KW - Farms KW - Well Being KW - Mental Health KW - Australia KW - Family Farms KW - article KW - 1116: rural sociology and agriculture; rural sociology (village, agriculture) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/743045350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rural+Society&rft.atitle=Understanding+Resilience+in+South+Australian+Farm+Families&rft.au=Greenhill%2C+Jennene%3BKing%2C+Debra%3BLane%2C+Anna%3BMacDougall%2C+Colin&rft.aulast=Greenhill&rft.aufirst=Jennene&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rural+Society&rft.issn=10371656&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-07 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resilience; Family Farms; Farms; Well Being; Australia; Mental Health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Contemporary Presidency: The Political Utility of Empathy in Presidential Leadership AN - 60525056; 201015312 AB - In simple and precise terms, empathy is feeling what another person feels. It is the perception of another person's emotions. A debate over the importance of empathy in political leadership has generated considerable controversy since the 2008 election. However, Barack Obama's presidency is not the first to be affected by empathy; it has played an influential role in presidential leadership throughout American history. Focusing on the presidencies of Abraham Lincoln, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, this essay explains why empathy is a critical governing and political resource, and argues that a paucity or excess of empathy can prove a dangerous liability for presidents. Adapted from the source document. JF - Presidential Studies Quarterly AU - Shogan, Colleen J AD - Congressional Research Service, Government and Finance Division, in the Library of Congress Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - December 2009 SP - 859 EP - 877 PB - Blackwell Publishing, Malden MA VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0360-4918, 0360-4918 KW - Emotions KW - Presidents KW - Disputes KW - Liability KW - Legislation KW - Leadership KW - article KW - 9105: politics; national-level politics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60525056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Contemporary+Presidency%3A+The+Political+Utility+of+Empathy+in+Presidential+Leadership&rft.au=Shogan%2C+Colleen+J&rft.aulast=Shogan&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.issn=03604918&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-07 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Presidents; Leadership; Disputes; Liability; Emotions; Legislation ER - TY - BOOK T1 - An Economic Analysis of the Homebuyer Tax Credit AN - 58839588; 2010-455711 AB - Discusses the homebuyer tax credit and suggests that lower home prices and low mortgage rates were quantitatively more important in stabilizing the housing market than the tax credit. Estimates of the number of additional home purchases that can be attributed to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and Worker, Homeownership, and Business Assistance Act of 2009 versions of tax credit are presented; and the estimates raise questions about those reported by industry analysts, as well as questions about how effective the tax credit may have been at reducing the home inventory. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 1 2009, 24 pp. AU - Keightley, Mark P Y1 - 2009/12/01/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 01 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - United States KW - Housing KW - Economic policy KW - Tax credits KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58839588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Keightley%2C+Mark+P&rft.aulast=Keightley&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=An+Economic+Analysis+of+the+Homebuyer+Tax+Credit&rft.title=An+Economic+Analysis+of+the+Homebuyer+Tax+Credit&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40955_20091201.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40955 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Key Issues in Derivatives Reform AN - 58837521; 2010-455710 AB - Financial derivatives allow users to manage or hedge certain business risks that arise from volatile commodity prices, interest rates, foreign currencies, and a wide range of other variables. Derivatives also permit potentially risky speculation on future trends in those rates and prices. The events of the global financial crisis have sparked calls for fundamental reform. This report analyzes the issues of derivatives clearing and margin and end users, and it discusses the various legislative approaches to the enduser issue. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Dec 1 2009, 10 pp. AU - Miller, Rena S Y1 - 2009/12/01/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 01 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Business and service sector - Business finance KW - Interest rates KW - Risk KW - Business KW - Finance KW - Prices KW - Economic conditions KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58837521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Miller%2C+Rena+S&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Rena&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Key+Issues+in+Derivatives+Reform&rft.title=Key+Issues+in+Derivatives+Reform&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40965_20091201.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40965 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What is Waste that We Should Account for it? A Look Inside Queensland's Ecological Rucksack AN - 58824171; 2008-418917 AB - While most Australians are conscious of the amount of waste that they place in garbage bins, relatively few would be aware of the waste that is generated in the course of producing the goods and services that they consume. This 'embodied waste' makes up a large part of the 'ecological rucksack' of those goods and services. This study develops a waste account for Queensland, using the ecological rucksack framework to illustrate patterns of waste production in the Australian economy. It classifies wastes both by type and broad sector of production. The study finds that the Queensland economy generated more than four billion tonnes of waste during the 2006--2007 financial year. The largest waste streams are produced at the resource extraction and distribution stages, and are predominantly materials that are disposed of without being used or are lost through inefficient use. The majority of the waste is produced upstream of the point of consumption and a large part is associated with materials produced for export. Received 3 October 2008; Revised 25 February 2009; Accepted 6 May 2009. Adapted from the source document. JF - Geographical Research AU - Knight, Laurence AD - Humanities Program, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia l.knight@qut.edu.au Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - December 2009 SP - 422 EP - 433 PB - Blackwell Publishing Asia, Carlton South Victoria Australia VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 1745-5863, 1745-5863 KW - Environment and environmental policy - Wastes and waste management KW - Environment and environmental policy - Ecology and environmental policy KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Industrial management, production, and productivity KW - Economic conditions and policy - Consumers and consumption KW - Queensland, Australia KW - Ecology KW - Production KW - Waste disposal in the ground KW - Consumption KW - Recycling KW - Waste management KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58824171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Research&rft.atitle=What+is+Waste+that+We+Should+Account+for+it%3F+A+Look+Inside+Queensland%27s+Ecological+Rucksack&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-21 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Waste management; Ecology; Waste disposal in the ground; Recycling; Queensland, Australia; Production; Consumption DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00595.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Requirements-Oriented Methodology for Evaluating Ontologies AN - 57734918; 201000559 AB - Many applications benefit from the use of a suitable ontology but it can be difficult to determine which ontology is best suited to a particular application. Although ontology evaluation techniques are improving as more measures and methodologies are proposed, the literature contains few specific examples of cohesive evaluation activity that links ontologies, applications and their requirements, and measures and methodologies. In this paper, we present ROMEO, a requirements-oriented methodology for evaluating ontologies, and apply it to the task of evaluating the suitability of some general ontologies (variants of sub-domains of the Wikipedia category structure) for supporting browsing in Wikipedia. The ROMEO methodology identifies requirements that an ontology must satisfy, and maps these requirements to evaluation measures. We validate part of this mapping with a task-based evaluation method involving users, and report on our findings from this user study. Adapted from the source document. JF - Information Systems AU - Yu, Jonathan AU - Thom, James A AU - Tam, Audrey AD - School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Australia james.thom@rmit.edu.au Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - December 2009 SP - 766 EP - 791 PB - Elsevier Ltd, The Netherlands VL - 34 IS - 8 SN - 0306-4379, 0306-4379 KW - Wikipedia KW - Ontology evaluation, browsing, user studies, Wikipedia KW - Ontologies KW - Encyclopaedias KW - Browsing KW - article KW - 13.14: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL - SEARCHING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57734918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Systems&rft.atitle=Requirements-Oriented+Methodology+for+Evaluating+Ontologies&rft.au=Yu%2C+Jonathan%3BThom%2C+James+A%3BTam%2C+Audrey&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Browsing; Ontologies; Encyclopaedias ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Commentary: Risk management and post-marketing surveillance for the abuse of medications acting on the central nervous system: Expert Panel Report AN - 57340139; 201002945 AB - The abuse and diversion of medications is a significant public health problem. This paper is part of a supplemental issue of Drug and Alcohol Dependence focused on the development of risk management plans and post-marketing surveillance related to minimizing this problem. The issue is based on a conference that was held in October 2008. An Expert Panel was formed to provide a summary of the conclusions and recommendations that emerged from the meeting involving drug abuse experts, regulators and other government agencies, pharmaceutical companies and professional and other non-governmental organizations. This paper provides a written report of this Expert Panel. Eleven conclusions and 11 recommendations emerged concerning the state of the art of this field of research, the regulatory and public health implications and recommendations for future directions. It is concluded that special surveillance tools are needed to detect the emergence of medication abuse in a timely manner and that risk management tools can be implemented to increase the benefit to risk ratio. The scientific basis for both the surveillance and risk management tools is in its infancy, yet progress needs to be made. It is also important that the unintended consequences of increased regulation and the imposition of risk management plans be minimized. [Copyright Elsevier Ireland Ltd.] JF - Drug and Alcohol Dependence AU - Johanson, Chris-Ellyn AU - Balster, Robert L AU - Henningfield, Jack E AU - Schuster, Charles R AU - Anthony, James C AU - Barthwell, Andrea G AU - Coleman, John J AU - Dart, Richard C AU - Gorodetzky, Charles W AU - O'Keeffe, Charles AU - Sellers, Edward M AU - Vocci, Frank AU - Walsh, Sharon L AD - Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Wayne State University, CRS Associates, LLC, 2833 S Princeton Avenue, Chicago, IL 60616, USA Y1 - 2009/12/01/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 01 SP - S65 EP - S71 PB - Elsevier Ireland, Amsterdam The Netherlands VL - 105 IS - Supplement 1 SN - 0376-8716, 0376-8716 KW - Prescription drug abuse Regulation Epidemiology Policy Pharmacovigilance Abuse liability Risk management Surveillance KW - Central nervous system KW - Risk management KW - Regulation KW - Drug industry KW - Surveillance KW - Public health KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57340139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+Alcohol+Dependence&rft.atitle=Commentary%3A+Risk+management+and+post-marketing+surveillance+for+the+abuse+of+medications+acting+on+the+central+nervous+system%3A+Expert+Panel+Report&rft.au=Johanson%2C+Chris-Ellyn%3BBalster%2C+Robert+L%3BHenningfield%2C+Jack+E%3BSchuster%2C+Charles+R%3BAnthony%2C+James+C%3BBarthwell%2C+Andrea+G%3BColeman%2C+John+J%3BDart%2C+Richard+C%3BGorodetzky%2C+Charles+W%3BO%27Keeffe%2C+Charles%3BSellers%2C+Edward+M%3BVocci%2C+Frank%3BWalsh%2C+Sharon+L&rft.aulast=Johanson&rft.aufirst=Chris-Ellyn&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Supplement+1&rft.spage=S65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+Alcohol+Dependence&rft.issn=03768716&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.drugalcdep.2009.08.006 LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-03 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - DADEDV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk management; Surveillance; Public health; Regulation; Central nervous system; Drug industry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.08.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Rasch Analysis of the SWAN Rating Scale AN - 57334639; 200928110 AB - The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been estimated at 3--7% in the population. Children with this disorder are often characterized by symptoms of inattention and/or impulsivity and hyperactivity, which can significantly impact on many aspects of their behaviour and performance. This study investigated the characteristics of the SWAN Rating Scale and its discrimination of ADHD subtypes. This instrument was developed by Swanson and his colleagues and measures attentiveness and hyperactivity on a continuum, from attention problems to positive attention skills, using a seven-point scale of behaviour: 'far below average' to 'far above average'. The Australian Twin Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Study consists of questionnaire data collected from families in 1990/2007. The Rasch model was used to measure the characteristics of items from the SWAN Rating Scale; how well these items discriminated between those with and without ADHD. The prevalence of each subtype was found to be 5.3% for inattentive ADHD, 4.3% for hyperactive ADHD and 4.6% for combined ADHD. A total of 14.2% of the cohort appeared to have ADHD. While the inattentive items appeared to be consistent with each other in their measurement behaviour and response patterns, the hyperactive items were less consistent. Further, the combined subtype appeared to be an entirely different type, with unique features unlike the other two subtypes. Further work is needed to distinguish the diagnostic features of each subtype of ADHD. Adapted from the source document. JF - Child Psychiatry and Human Development AU - Young, Deidra J AU - Levy, Florence AU - Martin, Neilson C AU - Hay, David A AD - School of Psychology, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, WA, Australia Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - December 2009 SP - 543 EP - 559 PB - Springer, Dordrecht The Netherlands VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0009-398X, 0009-398X KW - Twins KW - Subtypes KW - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder KW - Impulsivity KW - Prevalence KW - Hyperactivity KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57334639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Psychiatry+and+Human+Development&rft.atitle=Attention+Deficit+Hyperactivity+Disorder%3A+A+Rasch+Analysis+of+the+SWAN+Rating+Scale&rft.au=Sathasivan%2C+Arumugam%3BChiang%2C+Jacob%3BNolan%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Sathasivan&rft.aufirst=Arumugam&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology%3A+Water+Supply&rft.issn=16069749&rft_id=info:doi/10.2166%2Fws.2009.387 LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-21 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - CPHDA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Subtypes; Hyperactivity; Prevalence; Twins; Impulsivity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-009-0143-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Social vaccines to resist and change unhealthy social and economic structures: a useful metaphor for health promotion AN - 57322085; 201003826 AB - The term 'social vaccine' is designed to encourage the biomedically orientated health sector to recognize the legitimacy of action on the distal social and economic determinants of health. It is proposed as a term to assist the health promotion movement in arguing for a social view of health which is so often counter to medical and popular conceptions of health. The idea of a social vaccine builds on a long tradition in social medicine as well as on a biomedical tradition of preventing illness through vaccines that protect against disease. Social vaccines would be promoted as a means to encourage popular mobilization and advocacy to change the social and economic structural conditions that render people and communities vulnerable to disease. They would facilitate social and political processes that develop popular and political will to protect and promote health through action (especially governments prepared to intervene and regulate to protect community health) on the social and economic determinants. Examples provides for the effects of social vaccines are: restoring land owner ship to Indigenous peoples, regulating the advertising of harmful products and progressive taxation for universal social protection. Social vaccines require more research to improve understanding of social and political processes that are likely to improve health equity worldwide. The vaccine metaphor should be helpful it arguing for increased action on the social determinants of health. Adapted from the source document. JF - Health Promotion International AU - Baum, Fran AU - Narayan, Ravi AU - Sanders, David AU - Patel, Vikram AU - Quizhpe, Arturo AD - Global Steering Council, People's Health Movement, Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia fran.baum@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - December 2009 SP - 428 EP - 433 PB - Oxford University Press, UK VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0957-4824, 0957-4824 KW - social vaccine, social determinants, community participation, health promotion KW - Community health KW - Advocacy KW - Health KW - Vaccines KW - Traditions KW - Health promotion KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57322085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Serials+Librarian+Serials+Librarian&rft.atitle=Journal+Title+Display+and+Citation+Practices&rft.au=Hawkins%2C+Les%3BReynolds%2C+Regina%3BShadle%2C+Steven+C%3BEngland%2C+Deberah&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=Les&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Serials+Librarian+Serials+Librarian&rft.issn=0361526X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - HPINET N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vaccines; Health; Health promotion; Traditions; Advocacy; Community health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap026 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fractured bedrock and saprolite hydrogeologic controls on groundwater/surface-water interaction: a conceptual model (Australia) [Controles hydrogeologiques du socle fracture et de la saprolite sur les interactions eaux souterraines -eaux de surface: un modele conceptuel (Australie)] AN - 36380277; 201003-34-0259151 (CE); 11907439 (EN) AB - Hydrologic conceptual models of groundwater/surface-water interaction in a saprolite-fractured bedrock geological setting often assume that the saprolite zone is hydraulically more active than the deeper bedrock system and ignore the contribution of deeper groundwater from the fractured bedrock aquifer. A hydraulic, hydrochemical, and tracer-based study was conducted at Scott Creek, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, to explore the importance of both the deeper fractured bedrock aquifer system and the shallow saprolite layer on groundwater/surface-water interaction. The results of this study suggest that groundwater flow in the deeper fractured bedrock zone is highly dynamic and is an important groundwater flow pathway along the hillslope. Deep groundwater is therefore a contributing component in streamflow generation at Scott Creek. The findings of this study suggest that hydrologic conceptual models, which treat the saprolite-fractured bedrock interface as a no-flow boundary and do not consider the deeper fractured bedrock in hydrologic analyses, may be overly simplistic and inherently misleading in some groundwater/surface-water interaction analyses. The results emphasise the need to understand the relative importance of subsurface flow activity in both of these shallow saprolite and deeper bedrock compartments as a basis for developing reliable conceptual hydrologic models of these systems. [Foreign Abstract: Les modeles conceptuels hydrologiques des interactions entre les eaux souterraines et les eaux de surface en contexte geologique de socle fracture et de saprolite se basent souvent sur l'hypothese que la zone de la saprolite est plus active du point de vue hydraulique que le systeme associe au socle en profondeur et ignorent la contribution profonde de l'eau souterraine de la partie fissure de l'aquifere de socle. Une etude hydraulique, hydrogeochimique et basee sur les traceurs a ete menee a Scott Creek dans la chaine du Mont Lofty dans le Sud de l'Australie, afin d'examiner l'importance des interactions hydrauliques entre d'une part le systeme aquifere fracture profond et d'autre part l'horizon de surface de saprolite. Les resultats de cette etude suggerent que l'ecoulement des eaux souterraines dans le socle profond fracture est hautement dynamique et qu'un ecoulement important prend place le long de la pente des reliefs. Les eaux souterraines profondes contribuent a la genese des ecoulements de surface de Scott Creek. De plus, ils suggerent que les modeles hydrologiques conceptuels, qui traitent de l'interface saprolite-socle fracture comme une limite etanche et qui ne considerent pas le systeme profond du socle fracture dans les analyses hydrologiques, sont trop simplistes et menent a une analyse faussee des interactions entre les eaux souterraines et les eaux de surface. Les resultats mettent en exergue la necessite de comprendre l'importance relative des ecoulements dans les horizons superficiels de saprolite et dans les compartiments du socle profond, base indispensable pour etablir des modeles conceptuels hydrologiques fiables de ces systemes.Los modelos hidrologicos conceptuales de la interaccion agua superficial - agua subterraneas en un ambito geologico de roca de basamento fracturada y saprolito a menudo se suponen que la zona de saprolito es hidraulicamente mas activa que el sistema de roca de basamento mas profundo e ignora la contribucion del agua subterranea mas profunda proveniente del acuifero de la roca de basamento fracturada. Un estudio hidraulico, hidroquimico y basado en trazadores fue llevado a cabo en el Arroyo Scott, Mount Lofty Ranges, Australia Meridional, para explorar la importancia de ambos, el sistema acuifero de roca de basamento mas profundo y la capa somera de saprolito sobre la interaccion agua superficial - agua subterranea. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el flujo subterraneo en la zona de roca de basamento fracturada profunda es altamente dinamico y es un camino importante para el flujo de agua subterranea a lo largo de la pendiente de la sierra. El agua subterranea profunda es asimismo un componente que contribuye a la generacion del caudal fluvial en el Arroyo Scout. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los modelos hidrologicos conceptuales, que tratan la interfase roca de basamento fracturado - saprolito como un limite sin flujo y no consideran el basamento fracturado mas profundo en los analisis hidrologicos pueden ser una vision simplista e inherentemente pueden conducir a incorrecciones en el analisis de la interaccion agua superficial - agua subterranea. Los resultados enfatizan la necesidad de entender la importancia relativa de la actividad del flujo subsuperficial en ambos compartimientos de estas rocas de basamento mas profundas y el saprolito somero como una base para desarrollar modelos hidrologicos conceptuales confiables de estos sistemas.ae[frac12]oeaa[iquest] mu , aa[iquest][frac12]ae[frac12]ae34&#x 00B3;Mount Lofty Scott e[iquest] > , ae[frac12]oe, , aa34", Scott aa34", , -e34[sup1, aa[iquest] mu e[iquest], ae[frac12]oe, e[iquest][tm]aa[iquest] mu Modelos hidrogeologicos conceptuais de interaccao agua subterranea-agua superficial em meios fracturados-alterados (saprolito) assumem frequentemente que a zona de saprolito e hidraulicamente mais activa do que o 'bedrock' mais profundo do sistema, e ignora a contribuicao das aguas subterraneas mais profundas do aquifero fracturado rochoso. Em Scott Creek, Mount Lofty Ranges, no Sul da Australia, foi levado a efeito um estudo com base em metodos hidraulicos, hidroquimicos e tracadores, com o objectivo de avaliar a importancia do sistema aquifero constituido pelo 'bedrock' fracturado e pela camada mais superficial de saprolito, na interaccao agua subterranea-agua superficial. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o fluxo de aguas subterraneas na zona do macico rochoso fracturado e altamente dinamico e importante ao longo dos declives das elevacoes. As aguas subterraneas profundas sao, portanto, um contributo para a componente do caudal gerado em Scott Creek. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os modelos hidrologicos conceptuais, que tratam a interface saprolito-macico rochoso fracturado como uma fronteira sem fluxo e nao consideram o macico fracturado profundo nas analises hidrologicas, podem ser excessivamente simplistas e inerentemente enganosos em algumas interpretacoes de interface aguas subterraneas-aguas superficiais. Os resultados salientam a necessidade de compreender a importancia relativa da actividade do fluxo subsuperficial em ambos os compartimentos geologicos: saprolito superficial e 'bedrock' profundo, como uma base para o desenvolvimento de modelos conceptuais hidrologicos fiaveis nestes sistemas.] JF - Hydrogeology Journal AU - Banks, Edward W AU - Simmons, Craig T AU - Love, Andrew J AU - Cranswick, Roger AU - Werner, Adrian D AU - Bestland, Erick A AU - Wood, Martin AU - Wilson, Tania AD - School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001, Australia edward.banks@flinders.edu.au PY - 2009 SP - 1969 EP - 1989 PB - Springer-Verlag (Austria), Sachsenplatz 46, P.O. Box 89, Vienna, A-1201, Austria, [URL:http://www.link.springer-ny.com] VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 1431-2174, 1431-2174 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Publisher ID: s10040-009-0490-7 KW - Bedrock KW - Groundwater KW - Hydrology KW - Aquifers KW - Dynamics KW - Active control KW - Dynamical systems KW - Hydraulics KW - Article KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36380277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrogeology+Journal&rft.atitle=Fractured+bedrock+and+saprolite+hydrogeologic+controls+on+groundwater%2Fsurface-water+interaction%3A+a+conceptual+model+%28Australia%29+%5BControles+hydrogeologiques+du+socle+fracture+et+de+la+saprolite+sur+les+interactions+eaux+souterraines+-eaux+de+surface%3A+un+modele+conceptuel+%28Australie%29%5D&rft.au=Banks%2C+Edward+W%3BSimmons%2C+Craig+T%3BLove%2C+Andrew+J%3BCranswick%2C+Roger%3BWerner%2C+Adrian+D%3BBestland%2C+Erick+A%3BWood%2C+Martin%3BWilson%2C+Tania&rft.aulast=Banks&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrogeology+Journal&rft.issn=14312174&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10040-009-0490-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0490-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organizational Pressures and Mitigating Strategies in Small Commercial Aviation: Findings from Alaska AN - 21293086; 11844473 AB - Introduction: Recent attention has focused on the way in which organizational factors can erode safety in aviation, particularly in regions that have a high accident rate, such as Alaska. The present study builds on this work by examining the direct and indirect pressures that can be exerted on pilots by Alaskan operators. In addition, the paper examines ways in which organizations and individuals manage the effects of pressure. Method: Using the critical incident method to uncover situations where the pilot's skills had been challenged, 28 pilots who flew in Alaska were interviewed. A bottom-up qualitative analysis revealed a range of organizational pressures and mitigating strategies. Results: Pilots in Alaska encountered both implicit and explicit norms and expectations to fly in marginal conditions. Pressure also arose from pilots' awareness of the need for their company to make money and from perceived job competition. Some Alaskan operators were able to mitigate the effects of pressure on their pilots and some pilots reported mitigating pressure to fly by managing their employer's expectations and re-emphasizing safety. Discussion: Organizational factors were found to be an important source of pressure for pilots and are likely to contribute to the high accident rate in Alaska. Balancing the competing demands of safety and productivity may be extremely difficult for many small operators, which places a heavy reliance on the decision making of individuals. Both the subtle pressures on individual pilots and strategies for mitigating those pressures are, therefore, extremely important to safety and productivity in small-scale commercial aviation. JF - Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine AU - Bearman, Chris AU - Paletz, Susannah B F AU - Orasanu, Judith AU - Brooks, Benjamin P AD - University of South Australia, Level 7, Playford Building, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001 Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - 1055 EP - 1058 PB - Aerospace Medical Association, 320 S. Henry St. Alexandria VA 22314-3579 USA VL - 80 IS - 12 SN - 0095-6562, 0095-6562 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Qualitative analysis KW - mitigation KW - Accidents KW - pilots KW - Perception KW - Occupational safety KW - decision making KW - Crew safety KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21293086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation%2C+Space%2C+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Organizational+Pressures+and+Mitigating+Strategies+in+Small+Commercial+Aviation%3A+Findings+from+Alaska&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Catherine%3BChenoweth%2C+Lesley&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+British+Journal+of+Social+Work&rft.issn=00453102&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fbjsw%2Fbcm094 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Qualitative analysis; Accidents; mitigation; pilots; Perception; Occupational safety; decision making; Crew safety; USA, Alaska DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.2590.2009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a Campylobacter jejuni VirK Protein Homolog as a Novel Virulence Determinant , AN - 21282279; 11811823 AB - Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of food-borne illness in the United States. Despite significant recent advances, its mechanisms of pathogenesis are poorly understood. A unique feature of this pathogen is that, with some exceptions, it lacks homologs of known virulence factors from other pathogens. Through a genetic screen, we have identified a C. jejuni homolog of the VirK family of virulence factors, which is essential for antimicrobial peptide resistance and mouse virulence. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Novik, Veronica AU - Hofreuter, Dirk AU - Galan, Jorge E AD - Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, 295 Congress Ave., New Haven, Connecticut 06536, jorge.galan@yale.edu Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - 5428 EP - 5436 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA VL - 77 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Antimicrobial peptides KW - Food KW - Genetic screening KW - Pathogens KW - virulence factors KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21282279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+Campylobacter+jejuni+VirK+Protein+Homolog+as+a+Novel+Virulence+Determinant+%2C&rft.au=Novik%2C+Veronica%3BHofreuter%2C+Dirk%3BGalan%2C+Jorge+E&rft.aulast=Novik&rft.aufirst=Veronica&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5428&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.00528-09 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - virulence factors; Food; Genetic screening; Pathogens; Antimicrobial peptides; Campylobacter jejuni DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00528-09 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic Impact from Unrestricted Spread of Potato Cyst Nematodes in Australia AN - 21274761; 11810435 AB - Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) (Globodera spp.) are quarantine pests with serious potential economic consequences. Recent new detections in Australia, Canada, and the United States have focussed attention on the consequences of spread and economic justifications for alternative responses. Here, a full assessment of the economic impact of PCN spread from a small initial incursion is presented. Models linking spread, population growth, and economic impact are combined to estimate costs of spread without restriction in Australia. Because the characteristics of the Australian PCN populations are currently unknown, the known ranges of parameters were used to obtain cost scenarios, an approach which makes the model predictions applicable generally. Our analysis indicates that mean annual costs associated with spread of PCN would increase rapidly initially, associated with increased testing. Costs would then increase more slowly to peak at over AUD$20 million per year -10 years into the future. Afterward, this annual cost would decrease slightly due to discounting factors. Mean annual costs over 20 years were $18.7 million, with a 90% confidence interval between AUD$11.9 million and AUD$27.0 million. Thus, cumulative losses to Australian agriculture over 20 years may exceed $370 million without action to prevent spread of PCN and entry to new areas. JF - Phytopathology AU - Hodda, M AU - Cook, D C AD - CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, mike.hodda@csiro.au Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - December 2009 SP - 1387 EP - 1393 VL - 99 IS - 12 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Agriculture KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Population growth KW - Economics KW - Globodera KW - Quarantine KW - Pests KW - Cysts KW - Nematoda KW - Models KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21274761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Economic+Impact+from+Unrestricted+Spread+of+Potato+Cyst+Nematodes+in+Australia&rft.au=Hodda%2C+M%3BCook%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Hodda&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1094%2FPHYTO-99-12-1387 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Population growth; Economics; Quarantine; Pests; Cysts; Models; Solanum tuberosum; Globodera; Nematoda DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-99-12-1387 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of emulsified food and mineral oils from wastewater using surfactant modified barley straw AN - 21121656; 11057324 AB - Barley straw, an agricultural waste, was chemically modified and evaluated for the removal of emulsified oils from aqueous solution. The chemical modification was performed using NaOH and a cationic surfactant, hexadecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (CPC). The surface textural and chemical properties of the surfactant modified barley straw (BMBS) were characterized by N sub(2) adsorption, FT-IR, SEM and water soluble mineral content. The adsorption tests were carried out in batch adsorption system for removal of standard mineral oil (SMO) and canola oil (CO) from water. For both emulsified oils in wastewater, adsorption was found to be strongly related with solution pH. The isotherm study indicated that emulsified oil adsorption on BMBS could be fitted well with the Langmuir model other than Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity for CO and SMO at 25 C determined from the Langmuir isotherm is 613.3 and 584.2 mg g super(-1), respectively. Desorption tests in water solution show that oil is strongly bonded with adsorbent and desorption is only about 1-2% in 24 h. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Ibrahim, Shariff AU - Ang, Ha-Ming AU - Wang, Shaobin AD - Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia, shasmach88@gmail.com Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - 5744 EP - 5749 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 100 IS - 23 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Oil KW - Adsorption KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21121656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Removal+of+emulsified+food+and+mineral+oils+from+wastewater+using+surfactant+modified+barley+straw&rft.au=Ibrahim%2C+Shariff%3BAng%2C+Ha-Ming%3BWang%2C+Shaobin&rft.aulast=Ibrahim&rft.aufirst=Shariff&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=5744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2009.06.070 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adsorption; Oil; Hordeum vulgare DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.070 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neritic carbonate for six submerged coral reefs from northern Australia: Implications for Holocene global carbon dioxide AN - 21086143; 11093463 AB - Total contribution of six recently discovered submerged coral reefs in northern Australia to Holocene neritic CaCO sub(3) and CO sub(2) is assessed to address a gap in global budgets. CaCO sub(3) production for the reef framework and inter-reefal deposits is 0.26-0.28 Mt. Holocene CO sub(2) production is 0.14-0.16 Mt. Coral and coralline algae are the dominant sources of Holocene CaCO sub(3) although foraminifers and molluscs are the dominant constituents of inter-reefal deposits. The total amount of Holocene neritic CaCO sub(3) produced by the six submerged coral reefs is several orders of magnitude smaller than that calculated using accepted CaCO sub(3) production values because of very low production, a 'give-up' growth history, and presumed significant dissolution and exports. The contribution of submerged coral reefs to global Holocene neritic CaCO sub(3) is estimated to be 0.26-0.62 Gt, which yields 0.15-0.37 Gt of CO sub(2). This amount of CO sub(2) is 0.02-0.05% of the 780 Gt added to the atmosphere since 18 kyr BP. Contributions from Australian submerged coral reefs are estimated to be 0.05 Gt CaCO sub(3) and 0.03 Gt CO sub(2) for an emergent reef area of 47.9x10 super(3) km super(2). Based on the growth history of the submerged coral reefs in the Gulf of Carpentaria, maximum global Holocene CaCO sub(3) fluxes could have attained 0.3 Gt yr super(-) super(1) between 11 and 7 ka BP. This additional CaCO sub(3) would have culminated in a maximum CaCO sub(3) production from all (emergent and submerged) coral reefs of 1.2 Gt yr super(-) super(1) and neritic CaCO sub(3) production of 2.75 Gt yr super(-) super(1). The dilemma remains that the global area and CaCO sub(3) mass of submerged coral reefs are currently unknown. It is inevitable that many more submerged coral reefs will be found. Our findings imply that submerged coral reefs are a small but fundamental source of Holocene neritic CaCO sub(3) and CO sub(2). JF - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology AU - Heap, AD AU - Harris, P T AU - Fountain, L AD - GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Andrew.Heap@ga.gov.au Y1 - 2009/12/01/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 01 SP - 77 EP - 90 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 283 IS - 1-2 SN - 0031-0182, 0031-0182 KW - Mollusks KW - foraminifera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Deposits KW - Carbonates KW - Atmosphere KW - Holocene KW - Foraminifera KW - Coral reefs KW - Dissolution KW - Marine molluscs KW - Mollusca KW - Carbon dioxide KW - ISEW, Australia, Carpentaria Gulf KW - carbonates KW - Algae KW - Q2 09273:Palaeontology KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - K 03320:Cell Biology KW - D 04050:Paleoecology KW - Q1 08187:Palaeontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21086143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeogeography%2C+Palaeoclimatology%2C+Palaeoecology&rft.atitle=Neritic+carbonate+for+six+submerged+coral+reefs+from+northern+Australia%3A+Implications+for+Holocene+global+carbon+dioxide&rft.au=Heap%2C+AD%3BHarris%2C+P+T%3BFountain%2C+L&rft.aulast=Heap&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=283&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Palaeogeography%2C+Palaeoclimatology%2C+Palaeoecology&rft.issn=00310182&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.palaeo.2009.08.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbonates; Coral reefs; Marine molluscs; Carbon dioxide; Holocene; Deposits; Dissolution; carbonates; Atmosphere; Algae; Foraminifera; Mollusca; ISEW, Australia, Carpentaria Gulf; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of MIB and geosmin using granular activated carbon with and without MIEX pre-treatment AN - 1730068446; 12929571 AB - This study assessed the impact of MIEX pre-treatment, followed by either coagulation or microfiltration (MF), on the effectiveness of pilot granular activated carbon (GAC) filters for the removal of the taste and odour compounds, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin, from a surface drinking water source over a 2-year period. Complete removal of MIB and geosmin was achieved by all GAC filters for the first 10 months, suggesting that the available adsorption capacity was sufficient to compensate for differences in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) entering the GAC filters. Reduction of empty bed contact time (EBCT), in all but one GAC filter, resulted in breakthrough of spiked MIB and geosmin, with initial results inconclusive regarding the impact of MIEX pre-treatment. MIB and geosmin removal increased over the ensuing 12 months until complete removal of both MIB and geosmin was again achieved in all but one GAC filter, which had been pre-chlorinated. Autoclaving and washing the GAC filters had minimal impact on geosmin removal but reduced MIB removal by 30% in all but the pre-chlorinated filter, confirming that biodegradation impacted MIB removal. The impact of biodegradation was greater than any impact on GAC adsorption arising from DOC differences due to MIEX pre-treatment. It is not clear whether, at a lower initial EBCT, MIEX pre-treatment may have impacted on the adsorption capacity of the virgin GAC. The GAC filter maintained at the longer EBCT, which was also pre-chlorinated, completely removed MIB and geosmin for the period of the study, suggesting that the greater adsorption capacity was compensating for any decrease in biological degradation. JF - Water Research AU - Drikas, Mary AU - Dixon, Mike AU - Morran, Jim AD - Australian Water Quality Centre, South Australian Water Corporation, GPO Box 1751, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia mary.drikas@sawater.com.au Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - December 2009 SP - 5151 EP - 5159 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 43 IS - 20 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Reduction KW - Carbon KW - Biodegradation KW - Activated carbon KW - Adsorption KW - Dissolution KW - Drinking water KW - Surface chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1730068446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Removal+of+MIB+and+geosmin+using+granular+activated+carbon+with+and+without+MIEX+pre-treatment&rft.au=Drikas%2C+Mary%3BDixon%2C+Mike%3BMorran%2C+Jim&rft.aulast=Drikas&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=5151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.watres.2009.08.016 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An antipodean test of spatial contagion in front garden character AN - 20936647; 11035381 AB - In Montreal, Canada, adjacent gardens have been demonstrated to be more similar than spatially separated gardens, opposite gardens less similar than adjacent ones, and front garden characteristics to relate to house and lot characteristics. The prevalence of these relationships in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia was tested using a random sample of groups of five front gardens from 31 suburbs, and house and garden characteristics from 13 groups of 10 adjacent front gardens. Groups of five gardens were diverse, with an average of 3.4 garden types. Opposite houses had exactly the same likelihood of having the same garden type as adjacent houses. In only one out of 13 streets was there a significant relationship between house proximity and distance between front garden characteristics. In three out of the 13 streets there was a significant relationship between distance for garden characteristics and distance for house characteristics, these being streets in the process of transition from old to new housing stock. The absence, or extreme weakness, in Hobart of the relationships shown for Montreal might be explicable by differences in social and cultural attitudes towards front gardens, differences in the prevalence of a range of garden ideologies or variation in the type, incidence and enforcement of regulations. Our results suggest that, in Hobart and probably elsewhere in Australia, those wishing to impose limits on front garden expression, or encourage particular attributes of front gardens, cannot rely on a process of neighbourhood diffusion. The options for planners appear to be regulation, financial incentives or acceptance. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Kirkpatrick, J AU - Daniels, G AU - Davison, A AD - University of Tasmania, Private Bag 78, GPO, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, J.Kirkpatrick@utas.edu.au Y1 - 2009/11/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 30 SP - 103 EP - 110 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Housing KW - attitudes KW - Urban planning KW - Planning KW - Diffusion KW - Houses KW - Australia, Tasmania, Hobart KW - Landscape KW - Canada, Quebec, Montreal KW - suburbs KW - Canada KW - Residential areas KW - culture KW - ENA 05:Environmental Design & Urban Ecology KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20936647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=An+antipodean+test+of+spatial+contagion+in+front+garden+character&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+J%3BDaniels%2C+G%3BDavison%2C+A&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2009-11-30&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.landurbplan.2009.06.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Houses; Housing; Landscape; Planning; Diffusion; Urban planning; suburbs; Residential areas; culture; attitudes; Canada, Quebec, Montreal; Canada; Australia, Tasmania, Hobart DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.06.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The plasmodium receptor for activated C kinase protein inhibits Ca super(2) super(+) signaling in mammalian cells AN - 21086242; 11093373 AB - Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal malarial parasite, expresses an ortholog for the protein kinase C (PKC) activator RACK1. However, PKC has not been identified in this parasite, and the mammalian RACK1 can interact with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R). Therefore we investigated whether the Plasmodium ortholog PfRACK also can affect InsP3R-mediated Ca super(2) super(+) signaling in mammalian cells. GFP-tagged PfRACK and endogenous RACK1 were expressed in a similar distribution within cells. PfRACK inhibited agonist-induced Ca super(2) super(+) signals in cells expressing each isoform of the InsP3R, and this effect persisted when expression of endogenous RACK1 was reduced by siRNA. PfRACK also inhibited Ca super(2) super(+) signals induced by photorelease of caged InsP3. These findings provide evidence that PfRACK directly inhibits InsP3-mediated Ca super(2) super(+) signaling in mammalian cells. Interference with host cell signaling pathways to subvert the host intracellular milieu may be an important mechanism for parasite survival. protein JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Sartorello, R AU - Amaya, MJ AU - Nathanson, M H AU - Garcia, CRS AD - Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA, sartorello@gmail.com Y1 - 2009/11/27/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 27 SP - 586 EP - 592 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 389 IS - 4 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - Protein kinase C KW - Cell survival KW - Parasites KW - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors KW - Receptors KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - Hosts KW - Mammalian cells KW - siRNA KW - Proteins KW - Calcium signalling KW - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate KW - Signal transduction KW - T 2000:Cellular Calcium KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - K 03320:Cell Biology KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21086242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=The+plasmodium+receptor+for+activated+C+kinase+protein+inhibits+Ca+super%282%29+super%28%2B%29+signaling+in+mammalian+cells&rft.au=Sartorello%2C+R%3BAmaya%2C+MJ%3BNathanson%2C+M+H%3BGarcia%2C+CRS&rft.aulast=Sartorello&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2009-11-27&rft.volume=389&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2009.09.025 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Receptors; Proteins; Hosts; Cell survival; Protein kinase C; siRNA; Mammalian cells; Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors; Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; Calcium signalling; Signal transduction; Plasmodium falciparum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.025 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High levels of extra-pair paternity in Superb Fairy-wrens in South Australia despite low frequency of auxiliary males AN - 762272833; 13811760 AB - The Superb Fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus) is a model system in which to study cooperative breeding and extra-pair paternity. Previous studies in this species have shown that 61-76% of nestlings were extra-pair young and 92-95% of nests contained at least one extra-pair young. Furthermore, the probability of extra-pair paternity was higher when auxiliary males were present. We studied group size and extra-pair paternity in South Australia where, unlike other study sites, auxiliary males were relatively uncommon: 16% of nests had one auxiliary male compared to 37-80% with at least one auxiliary per nest in other studies. We predicted a lower incidence of extra-pair paternity, given the shortage of auxiliary males. Our results did not support this prediction: we found extra-pair paternity among 67% of nestlings and 83% of nests. JF - Emu AU - Colombelli-Negrel, Diane AU - Schlotfeldt, Beth E AU - Kleindorfer, Sonia AD - School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia, sonia.kleindorfer@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/11/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 24 SP - 300 EP - 304 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 109 IS - 4 SN - 0158-4197, 0158-4197 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Extra-pair paternity KW - Group size KW - Breeding KW - Malurus cyaneus KW - Nests KW - Y 25020:Territory, Reproduction and Sociality KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762272833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emu&rft.atitle=High+levels+of+extra-pair+paternity+in+Superb+Fairy-wrens+in+South+Australia+despite+low+frequency+of+auxiliary+males&rft.au=Colombelli-Negrel%2C+Diane%3BSchlotfeldt%2C+Beth+E%3BKleindorfer%2C+Sonia&rft.aulast=Colombelli-Negrel&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=2009-11-24&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emu&rft.issn=01584197&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FMU09035 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Group size; Extra-pair paternity; Breeding; Nests; Malurus cyaneus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MU09035 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Transformation of Community and the Development of Local Democracy in Japan T2 - 2009 Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Political Science Association AN - 42173329; 5569697 JF - 2009 Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Political Science Association AU - Ito, Hironori Y1 - 2009/11/19/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 19 KW - Japan KW - Democracy KW - Transformation KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42173329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Northeastern+Political+Science+Association&rft.atitle=The+Transformation+of+Community+and+the+Development+of+Local+Democracy+in+Japan&rft.au=Ito%2C+Hironori&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=Hironori&rft.date=2009-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Northeastern+Political+Science+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://convention2.allacademic.com/one/npsa/npsa09/index.php?click_key =2&cmd=Multi+Search+View+Program+Load+Scheduled+Times&schedule_day=2 009-11-21+00%3A00%3A00&PHPSESSID=4f88242bad1a2ae0e0365a674d7f6cf9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Market Structure of the Health Insurance Industry AN - 1504417748; 2011-564923 AB - This report discusses whether or not the current health insurance market structure hinders the US health system's ability to reach the policy goals of expanding health insurance coverage and containing health care costs. It describes the forces that have shaped the health insurance industry, including its historical evolution, characteristics of health care and health insurance, determinants of supply and demand for health insurance, and the nature of competition among health insurers. Reasons for high market concentration are discussed, along with profitability measures for the industry; and options for Congress regarding the health insurance industry are analyzed. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Nov 17 2009, 61 pp. AU - Austin, D Andrew AU - Hungerford, Thomas L Y1 - 2009/11/17/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 17 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Business and service sector - Insurance KW - Health conditions and policy - Health and health policy KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Industry and industrial policy KW - Business and service sector - Markets, marketing, and merchandising KW - Health conditions and policy - Medicine and health care KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic theory KW - Cost KW - United States KW - Health insurance KW - Medical service KW - Markets KW - Competition KW - Supply and demand KW - Industry KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1504417748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Austin%2C+D+Andrew%3BHungerford%2C+Thomas+L&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2009-11-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Market+Structure+of+the+Health+Insurance+Industry&rft.title=The+Market+Structure+of+the+Health+Insurance+Industry&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://opencrs.com/document/R40834/2009-11-17/download/1005/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2014-03-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress no. R40834 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of Gender Differences in COPD T2 - 14th Congress of the APSR and 3rd Joint Congress of the APSR/ACCP (APSR 2009) AN - 42097916; 5525605 JF - 14th Congress of the APSR and 3rd Joint Congress of the APSR/ACCP (APSR 2009) AU - Ortakoylu, Gonenc Y1 - 2009/11/14/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 14 KW - Sex KW - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease KW - Sex differences KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42097916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RIMA%3A+Review+of+Indonesian+and+Malaysian+Affairs&rft.atitle=%27Hypersexed%27+youth+and+the+new+Muslim+sexology+in+Java%2C+Indonesia&rft.au=Smith-Hefner%2C+Nancy+J&rft.aulast=Smith-Hefner&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=RIMA%3A+Review+of+Indonesian+and+Malaysian+Affairs&rft.issn=08157251&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.apsr2009.org/board/download.php?code=downloads&num=29&comm= LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Diagnostic Value of Cope Needle Biyopsy in Tuberculous Pleural Effusions T2 - 14th Congress of the APSR and 3rd Joint Congress of the APSR/ACCP (APSR 2009) AN - 42091234; 5525520 JF - 14th Congress of the APSR and 3rd Joint Congress of the APSR/ACCP (APSR 2009) AU - Ortakoylu, G Y1 - 2009/11/14/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 14 KW - Pleural effusion KW - Tuberculosis KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42091234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=14th+Congress+of+the+APSR+and+3rd+Joint+Congress+of+the+APSR%2FACCP+%28APSR+2009%29&rft.atitle=The+Diagnostic+Value+of+Cope+Needle+Biyopsy+in+Tuberculous+Pleural+Effusions&rft.au=Ortakoylu%2C+G&rft.aulast=Ortakoylu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=14th+Congress+of+the+APSR+and+3rd+Joint+Congress+of+the+APSR%2FACCP+%28APSR+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.apsr2009.org/board/download.php?code=downloads&num=29&comm= LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Patterns of the Hospitalization in Very Elderly Patients with Respiratory Diseases T2 - 14th Congress of the APSR and 3rd Joint Congress of the APSR/ACCP (APSR 2009) AN - 42089845; 5525804 JF - 14th Congress of the APSR and 3rd Joint Congress of the APSR/ACCP (APSR 2009) AU - Bahadir, Ayse Y1 - 2009/11/14/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 14 KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Elderly KW - Respiration KW - Geriatrics KW - Metabolism KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42089845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=14th+Congress+of+the+APSR+and+3rd+Joint+Congress+of+the+APSR%2FACCP+%28APSR+2009%29&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+the+Hospitalization+in+Very+Elderly+Patients+with+Respiratory+Diseases&rft.au=Bahadir%2C+Ayse&rft.aulast=Bahadir&rft.aufirst=Ayse&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=14th+Congress+of+the+APSR+and+3rd+Joint+Congress+of+the+APSR%2FACCP+%28APSR+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.apsr2009.org/board/download.php?code=downloads&num=29&comm= LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Prevalance of Comorbidity in Very Elderly Patients with Respiratory Diesases T2 - 14th Congress of the APSR and 3rd Joint Congress of the APSR/ACCP (APSR 2009) AN - 42084979; 5525805 JF - 14th Congress of the APSR and 3rd Joint Congress of the APSR/ACCP (APSR 2009) AU - Bahadir, Ayse Y1 - 2009/11/14/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 14 KW - Elderly KW - Morbidity KW - Geriatrics KW - Respiration KW - Metabolism KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42084979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=14th+Congress+of+the+APSR+and+3rd+Joint+Congress+of+the+APSR%2FACCP+%28APSR+2009%29&rft.atitle=The+Prevalance+of+Comorbidity+in+Very+Elderly+Patients+with+Respiratory+Diesases&rft.au=Bahadir%2C+Ayse&rft.aulast=Bahadir&rft.aufirst=Ayse&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=14th+Congress+of+the+APSR+and+3rd+Joint+Congress+of+the+APSR%2FACCP+%28APSR+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.apsr2009.org/board/download.php?code=downloads&num=29&comm= LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Innovative treatment system for digester liquor using anammox process AN - 883048246; 15305388 AB - This study demonstrated that partial nitritation using nitrifying activated sludge entrapped in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel carrier, as a pretreatment to anammox process, could be successfully applied to digester liquor of biogas plant at a nitrogen loading rate of 3.0 kg-N/m super(3/d. The nitritation process produced an effluent with a NO) sub(2)-N/NH sub(4-N ratio between 1.0 and 1.4, which was found to be suitable for the subsequent anammox process. A high SS concentration (2000-3000 mg/l) in the digester liquor did not affect partial nitritation treatment performances. Effluent from this partial nitritation reactor was successfully treated in the anammox reactor using anammox sludge entrapped in the PEG gel carrier with T-N removal rates of greater than 4.0 kg-N/m) super(3)/d. Influent BOD and SS contents did not inhibit anammox activity of the anammox gel carrier. The combination of partial nitritation and anammox reactors using PEG entrapped nitrifying and anammox bacteria was shown to be effective for the removal of high concentration ammonium in the digester liquor of a biogas plant. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Furukawa, Kenji AU - Inatomi, Yasuhiko AU - Qiao, Sen AU - Quan, Lai AU - Yamamoto, Taichi AU - Isaka, Kazuichi AU - Sumino, Tatsuo Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - 5437 EP - 5443 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 100 IS - 22 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Partial-Nitritation KW - Anammox KW - Immobilization KW - Digester liquor KW - Ammonium KW - biogas KW - influents KW - Effluents KW - Activated sludge KW - Bioreactors KW - Biochemical oxygen demand KW - innovations KW - Polyethylene glycol KW - Biogas KW - Nitrogen KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - ENA 19:Water Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883048246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Innovative+treatment+system+for+digester+liquor+using+anammox+process&rft.au=Furukawa%2C+Kenji%3BInatomi%2C+Yasuhiko%3BQiao%2C+Sen%3BQuan%2C+Lai%3BYamamoto%2C+Taichi%3BIsaka%2C+Kazuichi%3BSumino%2C+Tatsuo&rft.aulast=Furukawa&rft.aufirst=Kenji&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=5437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2008.11.055 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ammonium; Activated sludge; Bioreactors; biogas; Effluents; Polyethylene glycol; Nitrogen; innovations; Biochemical oxygen demand; influents; Biogas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.055 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A semantic analysis of Japanese epistemic markers: chigainai and hazuda AN - 85713790; 201001084 AB - This paper presents a semantic analysis of two epistemic markers in Japanese -- chigainai and hazuda. These are often translated as I am sure, must, or should in English, and they indicate the speaker's certainty about the truth or falsehood of a proposition. While chigainai and hazuda are semantically similar, they are not always interchangeable. Thus questions arise about the level of certainty implied by the terms and also about how to articulate their differences. Although certainty is a convenient vehicle for capturing the meaning, it is problematic in explaining the differences between these synonyms since the level of certainty cannot be accurately articulated. Previous studies have attempted to explicate the differences between the two expressions by the use of qualifying terms such as 'firm faith', 'reliable and firm grounds', or 'absolute basis for assertion'. These attempts are also problematic because the definitions they propose are not necessarily consistent with the actual usage of each expression. Alternatively, this paper adopts the framework of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) Theory. It addresses the issue of how to explain the speaker's certainty by using semantic primes. The findings of the study indicate that the semantic differences between chigainai and hazuda are not concerned with the degree of the speaker's certainty. Instead, the meanings of the expressions are illustrated by cognitive scenarios such as 'I can't think not like this', or 'I think that it can't be not like this'. The definitions proposed by this approach clarify the differences between chigainai and hazuda, and more generally serve as a practical guide to the understanding of the epistemic markers in Japanese. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.] JF - Language Sciences AU - Asano-Cavanagh, Yuko AD - Dept Asian Languages, School Social Sciences & Asian Languages, Curtin U Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia Y.Asano@curtin.edu.au Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - November 2009 SP - 837 EP - 852 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0388-0001, 0388-0001 KW - Natural Semantic Metalanguage (56610) KW - Lexical Semantics (46770) KW - Modality (Semantic) (54610) KW - Semantic Analysis (76570) KW - Japanese (39500) KW - Modal Particles (54580) KW - article KW - 4414: semantics; lexical semantics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85713790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Allba&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+semantic+analysis+of+Japanese+epistemic+markers%3A+chigainai+and+hazuda&rft.au=Asano-Cavanagh%2C+Yuko&rft.aulast=Asano-Cavanagh&rft.aufirst=Yuko&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Language+Sciences&rft.issn=03880001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - LASCBG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Modal Particles (54580); Japanese (39500); Modality (Semantic) (54610); Lexical Semantics (46770); Natural Semantic Metalanguage (56610); Semantic Analysis (76570) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and Reproduction of the Intertidal Dotillid Crab Ilyoplax deschampsi AN - 851472014; 14073319 AB - Growth and reproduction of the intertidal dotillid crab Ilyoplax deschampsi were studied in the Ariake Sea, Japan, and life history traits were compared with those of three other species of Ilyoplax occurring in temperate regions. New recruits of I. deschampsi occurred mainly in July and August, and their carapace widths (CW) were about 2 mm. They grew to 4 mm CW by December, and to 7 mm CW by the following July. Some crabs reached reproductive maturity in the second year of life, but others remained immature until the third year. Most crabs did not survive the third year. The main breeding season was from May to July, which ceased earlier than in other temperate species of Ilyoplax. Hepatic and ovarian weights were highest in early May and early June, respectively, and rapidly decreased after August. The earlier breeding of I. deschampsi is thought to be an adaptation for avoiding hot, dry habitat conditions during summer. JF - Journal of Crustacean Biology AU - Henmi, Yasuhisa AU - Koga, Hiroaki Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - 516 EP - 522 PB - Crustacean Society VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0278-0372, 0278-0372 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Adaptations KW - Marine KW - INW, Japan, Kyushu, Ariake Sea KW - Decapoda KW - Reproduction KW - Marine crustaceans KW - D:04040 KW - O 1030:Invertebrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851472014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Crustacean+Biology&rft.atitle=Growth+and+Reproduction+of+the+Intertidal+Dotillid+Crab+Ilyoplax+deschampsi&rft.au=Henmi%2C+Yasuhisa%3BKoga%2C+Hiroaki&rft.aulast=Henmi&rft.aufirst=Yasuhisa&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Crustacean+Biology&rft.issn=02780372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1651%2F08-3108.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine crustaceans; Reproduction; Decapoda; INW, Japan, Kyushu, Ariake Sea; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/08-3108.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TRASH OR TREASURE?: Putting Coal Combustion Waste to Work AN - 746274044; 12747716 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tenenbaum, David J Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - A490 EP - A497 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Coal KW - Combustion KW - ENA 11:Non-Renewable Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746274044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=TRASH+OR+TREASURE%3F%3A+Putting+Coal+Combustion+Waste+to+Work&rft.au=Tenenbaum%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Tenenbaum&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=A490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coal; Combustion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS: Conference, Hearing Call Up Cell Phone Use AN - 746199222; 12746974 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Betts, Kellyn S Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - A486 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - cellular telephones KW - Conferences KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746199222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=ELECTROMAGNETIC+FIELDS%3A+Conference%2C+Hearing+Call+Up+Cell+Phone+Use&rft.au=Betts%2C+Kellyn+S&rft.aulast=Betts&rft.aufirst=Kellyn&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=A486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cellular telephones; Conferences; Electromagnetic fields ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electromagnetic Fields and the Precautionary Principle AN - 746198841; 12747218 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kundi, Michael AU - Hardell, Lennart AU - Sage, Cindy AU - Sobel, Eugene Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - A484 EP - A485 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - precautionary principle KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746198841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Electromagnetic+Fields+and+the+Precautionary+Principle&rft.au=Kundi%2C+Michael%3BHardell%2C+Lennart%3BSage%2C+Cindy%3BSobel%2C+Eugene&rft.aulast=Kundi&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=A484&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901111 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - precautionary principle; Electromagnetic fields DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901111 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MATERIALS SCIENCE: Bringing Biolubricants to Industry AN - 746197874; 12747170 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Potera, Carol Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - A488 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Lubrication KW - Lubricants KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746197874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=MATERIALS+SCIENCE%3A+Bringing+Biolubricants+to+Industry&rft.au=Potera%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Potera&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=A488&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lubrication; Lubricants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between bone mineral density and lifestyle factors or vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in adult male workers: a cross-sectional study AN - 746005549; 12888384 AB - Abstract JF - Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine AU - Funakoshi, Yayoi AU - Omori, Hisamitsu AU - Katoh, Takahiko AD - Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan, katoht@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - 328 EP - 335 PB - Japanese Society for Hygiene VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 1342-078X, 1342-078X KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - Workers KW - Bone mineral density KW - Gene polymorphism KW - Vitamins KW - Vitamin D receptors KW - Adults KW - Lifestyle KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science KW - T 2025:Bone and Bone Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746005549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+and+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Association+between+bone+mineral+density+and+lifestyle+factors+or+vitamin+D+receptor+gene+polymorphism+in+adult+male+workers%3A+a+cross-sectional+study&rft.au=Funakoshi%2C+Yayoi%3BOmori%2C+Hisamitsu%3BKatoh%2C+Takahiko&rft.aulast=Funakoshi&rft.aufirst=Yayoi&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+and+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=1342078X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12199-009-0104-y L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/7330534g8w807023/?p=a63f96d75e524e2d9da49bac44124da4&pi=2 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bone mineral density; Vitamins; Adults; Lifestyle; Workers; Gene polymorphism; Vitamin D receptors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12199-009-0104-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foreign relations of the United States, 1969-1976, volume XL: Germany and Berlin, 1969-1972 AN - 743801478; 3953541 JF - International affairs [London] AU - Geyer, David C AU - Morgan, Roger AU - Morgan, Roger Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - 1265 EP - 1266 PB - Government Printing Office VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 0020-5850, 0020-5850 KW - Political Science KW - Foreign policy KW - Germany (West) KW - Cold War KW - Diplomacy KW - History of international relations KW - U.S.A. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/743801478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+affairs+%5BLondon%5D&rft.atitle=Foreign+relations+of+the+United+States%2C+1969-1976%2C+volume+XL%3A+Germany+and+Berlin%2C+1969-1972&rft.au=Geyer%2C+David+C%3BMorgan%2C+Roger&rft.aulast=Geyer&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1265&rft.isbn=9780160790164&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+affairs+%5BLondon%5D&rft.issn=00205850&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 5906 6784; 2463 13443 2698 9934 476 8168 5889; 3564 6784; 5200 5574 10472; 433 293 14; 146 144 462 129 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Power of Primary Sources AN - 57748060; 201001875 AB - Primary sources include diaries, letters, journals, oral interviews, historic documents, photos, and newspapers as well as sheet music, drawings, maps, movies, passports, athletic event ticket stubs and statistics, campaign buttons, quilts, flyers, political cartoons, telegrams, blogs, YouTube videos, tweets, and even cell phone messages. Whether it is a traditional print document or a Web 2.0 digital file, primary sources have many potential benefits, such as build awareness and knowledge; develop personal connections; enhance teaching and learning by engaging and motivating students; foster inquiry and critical thinking; and appeal to multiple senses and many learning styles. This article looks at ways primary sources are used in classrooms and media centers, focusing on instructional situations including brief teachable moments and longer instructional units. Adapted from the source document. JF - MultiMedia & Internet@Schools AU - Anderson, Mary Alice AD - Library of Congress TPS Direct Professional Development Review Committee maryalicea@mac.com Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - November 2009 SP - 35 EP - 38 PB - Information Today Inc, Medford, NJ VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 1546-4636, 1546-4636 KW - Educational materials KW - Source materials KW - article KW - 17.11: EDUCATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57748060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MultiMedia+%26+Internet%40Schools&rft.atitle=The+Power+of+Primary+Sources&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Mary+Alice&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MultiMedia+%26+Internet%40Schools&rft.issn=15464636&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2015-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Source materials; Educational materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teaching with Primary Sources: Professional from the Library of Congress at Your Fingertips AN - 57741237; 201001901 AB - Information technologies have brought unprecedented challenges to educators, including the need to deal with an overwhelming array of information sources. The Library of Congress is in a great position to help educators meet these challenges and connect today's students with a powerful repository of knowledge. The Library aims to provide the tools necessary for teachers to help students take advantage of the potential of primary sources and develop critical thinking towards history and the world around them. In 2005, the Library teamed up with Congress to establish the Teaching with Primary Sources (TPS) program, which delivers professional development programs that help teachers design challenging, high-quality, resource-based instruction using the Library's rich collection of digitized primary source materials. Library media specialists play a vital role in bringing these resources to the educators and integrating the resources into instruction. Adapted from the source document. JF - Knowledge Quest AU - Ridgway, Elizabeth AD - Educational Outreach, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C elri@loc.gov Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - November 2009 SP - 60 EP - 61 PB - American Library Association, Chicago IL VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 1094-9046, 1094-9046 KW - Professional development KW - Library of Congress KW - Source materials KW - Educational materials KW - article KW - 17.11: EDUCATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57741237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Knowledge+Quest&rft.atitle=Teaching+with+Primary+Sources%3A+Professional+from+the+Library+of+Congress+at+Your+Fingertips&rft.au=Ridgway%2C+Elizabeth&rft.aulast=Ridgway&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Knowledge+Quest&rft.issn=10949046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2015-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Educational materials; Source materials; Professional development; Library of Congress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - When Books are Your Friends AN - 57691217; 201001882 AB - The Internet is an excellent medium to learn languages online. Whereas language learners in the 1980s and early 1990s only had email lists and bulletin boards at their disposal, there are now a variety of web sites that offer help on how to learn new languages. Conversation sites, for example, make it possible for native speakers of one language who are learning another to connect with native speakers of the other language wanting to learn their own. Many sites connect learners directly with tutors online, regardless of location. One interesting site is Lang-8.com, a social network designed to help language learners improve their writing skills. Adapted from the source document. JF - Computers in Libraries AU - Chudnow, Daniel AD - Information Technology, Office of Strategic Initiatives, Library of Congress daniel.chudnov@gmail.com Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - November 2009 SP - 26 EP - 28 PB - Information Today Inc VL - 29 IS - 10 SN - 1041-7915, 1041-7915 KW - Web sites KW - Distance learning KW - Languages KW - article KW - 17.11: EDUCATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57691217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+in+Libraries&rft.atitle=When+Books+are+Your+Friends&rft.au=Chudnow%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Chudnow&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+in+Libraries&rft.issn=10417915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-03 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Distance learning; Languages; Web sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why the "Big Deal" Continues to Persist AN - 57691189; 201001337 AB - The advantages of bundling e-journals together into publisher collections include increased access to information for the subscribing institution's clients, purchasing cost-effectiveness, and streamlined workflows. Although cataloging a consortial e-journal collection has its advantages, there are also various pitfalls and the author outlines efforts by the CAUL (Council of Australian University Libraries) Consortium libraries to further streamline this process, working in conjunction with major publishers. Despite the advantages that publisher collections provide, pressures to unbundle existing packages continue to build, fueled by an ever-increasing selection of available electronic resources decreases in, and competing demands on, library budgets the impact of currency fluctuations and poor usage for an alarmingly high proportion of collection titles. Consortial perspectives on bundling and unbundling titles are discussed, including options for managing the addition of new titles to the bundle and why customizing consortial collections currently does not work. Unbundling analyses carried out at Queensland University of Technology from 2006 to 2008, prior to the renewal of several major publisher collections, are presented as further case studies that illustrate why the "Big Deal" continues to persist. Adapted from the source document. Adapted from the source document. JF - The Serials Librarian Serials Librarian AU - Cleary, Colleen AD - Library Resource Services, Queensland University of Technology Library, G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia c.cleary@qu.edu.au Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - November 2009 SP - 364 EP - 379 PB - Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia PA VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0361-526X, 0361-526X KW - Big Deal, advantages, workflows, consortia, case study, unbundle KW - Library consortia KW - Purchasing KW - Electronic periodicals KW - article KW - 6.12: FINANCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57691189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Serials+Librarian+Serials+Librarian&rft.atitle=Why+the+%22Big+Deal%22+Continues+to+Persist&rft.au=Cleary%2C+Colleen&rft.aulast=Cleary&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Serials+Librarian+Serials+Librarian&rft.issn=0361526X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-03 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - SELID4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Purchasing; Electronic periodicals; Library consortia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal Pattern of Pneumonia Mortality among Under-Five Children in Nairobi's Informal Settlements AN - 21260662; 11848091 AB - Using longitudinal data from the Nairobi Urban and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS), we examined the seasonal pattern of pneumonia mortality among under-five children living in Nairobi's slums. We included 17,787 under-five children resident in the NUHDSS from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2005 in the analysis. Four hundred thirty-six deaths were observed and cause of death was ascertained by verbal autopsy for 377 of these deaths. Using Poisson regression, we modeled the quarterly mortality risk for pneumonia. The overall person-years (PYs) were 21,804 giving a mortality rate of 20.1 per 1,000 PYs in the study population. Pneumonia was the leading cause of death contributing 25.7% of the total deaths. Pneumonia mortality was highest in the second quarter (risk ratio [RR] = 2.3, confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-4.2 compared with the fourth quarter). The study provides evidence that pneumonia-related mortality among under-fives in Nairobi's slums is higher from April to June corresponding to the rainy season and the beginning of the cold season. JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AU - Ye, Y AU - Zulu, E AU - Mutisya, M AU - Orindi, B AU - Emina, J AU - Kyobutungi, C AD - African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Shelter Afrique Center, 2nd Flr, Longonot Road, Upper Hill, PO Box 10787 00100, GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, yyazoume@aphrc.org Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - demography KW - Mortality KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - rainy season KW - slums KW - Kenya, Nairobi KW - cold season KW - Children KW - Seasonal variations KW - Urban areas KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Seasonal+Pattern+of+Pneumonia+Mortality+among+Under-Five+Children+in+Nairobi%27s+Informal+Settlements&rft.au=Ye%2C+Y%3BZulu%2C+E%3BMutisya%2C+M%3BOrindi%2C+B%3BEmina%2C+J%3BKyobutungi%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - demography; Mortality; rainy season; Sulfur dioxide; slums; cold season; Children; Seasonal variations; Urban areas; Kenya, Nairobi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classifying movement behaviour in relation to environmental conditions using hidden Markov models AN - 21165881; 11209059 AB - Summary1. Linking the movement and behaviour of animals to their environment is a central problem in ecology. Through the use of electronic tagging and tracking (ETT), collection of in situ data from free-roaming animals is now commonplace, yet statistical approaches enabling direct relation of movement observations to environmental conditions are still in development.2. In this study, we examine the hidden Markov model (HMM) for behavioural analysis of tracking data. HMMs allow for prediction of latent behavioural states while directly accounting for the serial dependence prevalent in ETT data. Updating the probability of behavioural switches with tag or remote-sensing data provides a statistical method that links environmental data to behaviour in a direct and integrated manner.3. It is important to assess the reliability of state categorization over the range of time-series lengths typically collected from field instruments and when movement behaviours are similar between movement states. Simulation with varying lengths of times series data and contrast between average movements within each state was used to test the HMMs ability to estimate movement parameters.4. To demonstrate the methods in a realistic setting, the HMMs were used to categorize resident and migratory phases and the relationship between movement behaviour and ocean temperature using electronic tagging data from southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii). Diagnostic tools to evaluate the suitability of different models and inferential methods for investigating differences in behaviour between individuals are also demonstrated. JF - Journal of Animal Ecology AU - Patterson, Toby A AU - Basson, Marinelle AU - Bravington, Mark V AU - Gunn, John S AD - 1CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - 1113 EP - 1123 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8790, 0021-8790 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Statistics KW - Recruitment KW - Environmental factors KW - Tracking KW - Marine fish KW - Local movements KW - hidden Markov models KW - Oceans KW - Thunnus maccoyii KW - Tagging KW - Environmental conditions KW - Modelling KW - Y 25040:Behavioral Ecology KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08567:Fishery oceanography and limnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21165881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&rft.atitle=Classifying+movement+behaviour+in+relation+to+environmental+conditions+using+hidden+Markov+models&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Toby+A%3BBasson%2C+Marinelle%3BBravington%2C+Mark+V%3BGunn%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&rft.issn=00218790&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2656.2009.01583.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Local movements; Tagging; Environmental conditions; Environmental factors; Tracking; Modelling; Temperature effects; Statistics; Data processing; hidden Markov models; Oceans; Recruitment; Thunnus maccoyii; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01583.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An electromechanical based deformable model for soft tissue simulation AN - 21107082; 11300658 AB - Objective: Soft tissue deformation is of great importance to surgery simulation. Although a significant amount of research efforts have been dedicated to simulating the behaviours of soft tissues, modelling of soft tissue deformation is still a challenging problem. This paper presents a new deformable model for simulation of soft tissue deformation from the electromechanical viewpoint of soft tissues. Methods and material: Soft tissue deformation is formulated as a reaction-diffusion process coupled with a mechanical load. The mechanical load applied to a soft tissue to cause a deformation is incorporated into the reaction-diffusion system, and consequently distributed among mass points of the soft tissue. Reaction-diffusion of mechanical load and non-rigid mechanics of motion are combined to govern the simulation dynamics of soft tissue deformation. Results: An improved reaction-diffusion model is developed to describe the distribution of the mechanical load in soft tissues. A three-layer artificial cellular neural network is constructed to solve the reaction-diffusion model for real-time simulation of soft tissue deformation. A gradient based method is established to derive internal forces from the distribution of the mechanical load. Integration with a haptic device has also been achieved to simulate soft tissue deformation with haptic feedback. Conclusions: The proposed methodology does not only predict the typical behaviours of living tissues, but it also accepts both local and large-range deformations. It also accommodates isotropic, anisotropic and inhomogeneous deformations by simple modification of diffusion coefficients. JF - Artificial Intelligence in Medicine AU - Zhong, Y AU - Shirinzadeh, B AU - Smith, J AU - Gu, C AD - Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia, Y.Zhong@curtin.edu.au Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - 275 EP - 288 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0933-3657, 0933-3657 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21107082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Artificial+Intelligence+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=An+electromechanical+based+deformable+model+for+soft+tissue+simulation&rft.au=Zhong%2C+Y%3BShirinzadeh%2C+B%3BSmith%2C+J%3BGu%2C+C&rft.aulast=Zhong&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Artificial+Intelligence+in+Medicine&rft.issn=09333657&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.artmed.2009.08.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2009.08.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New insights into the origin of perylene in geological samples AN - 21085035; 11088708 AB - The origin of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) perylene in sediments and petroleum has been a matter of continued debate. Reported to occur in Phanerozoic organic matter (OM), fossil crinoids and tropical termite mounds, its mechanism of formation remains unclear. While a combustion source can be excluded, structural similarities to perylene quinone-like components present in e.g. fungi, plants, crinoids and insects, potentially suggest a product-precursor relationship. Here, we report perylene concentrations, super(13)C/ super(12)C, and D/H ratios from a Holocene sediment profile from the Qingpu trench, Yangtze Delta region, China. Perylene concentrations differ from those of pyrogenic PAHs, and rise to prominence in a stratigraphic interval that was dominated by woody vegetation as determined by palynology including fungal spores. In this zone, perylene concentrations exhibit an inverse relationship to the lignin marker guaiacol, D/H ratios between -284ppt and -317ppt, similar to the methoxy groups in lignin, as well as co-variation with spores from wood-degrading fungi. super(13)C/ super(12)C of perylene differs from that of land plant wax alkanes and falls in the fractionation range expected for saprophytic fungi that utilise lignin, which is isotopically lighter than cellulose and whole wood. During progressive lignin degradation, the relative carbon isotopic ratio of the perylene decreases. We therefore hypothesise a relationship of perylene to the activity of wood-degrading fungi. To support our hypothesis, we analysed a wide range of Phanerozoic sediments and oils, and found perylene to generally be present in subordinate amounts before the evolutionary rise of vascular plants, and to be generally absent from marine-sourced oils, few exceptions being attributed perhaps to a contribution of marine and/or terrestrial-derived fungi, anoxia (especially under marine conditions) and/or contamination of core material by fungi. A series of low-molecular-weight aromatic quinones bearing the perylene-backbone were detected in Devonian and Cretaceous sediments, potentially representing precursor components to perylene. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Grice, Kliti AU - Lu, Hong AU - Atahan, Pia AU - Asif, Muhammad AU - Hallmann, Christian AU - Greenwood, Paul AU - Maslen, Ercin AU - Tulipani, Svenja AU - Williford, Kenneth AU - Dodson, John AD - WA Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia, K.Grice@curtin.edu.au Y1 - 2009/11/01/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 01 SP - 6531 EP - 6543 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 73 IS - 21 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Animal fossils KW - geological samples KW - Contamination KW - Freshwater KW - insects KW - Oil KW - Cores KW - Petroleum KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Palynology KW - holocene KW - devonian KW - Alkanes KW - Fungi KW - woody plants KW - Brackish KW - Wood KW - Vegetation KW - Combustion KW - Anoxia KW - Fractionation KW - Geological samples KW - Aromatics KW - INW, China, People's Rep., Changjiang Delta KW - Degradation KW - Cellulose KW - Carbon KW - Fossils KW - deltas KW - Mounds KW - Isoptera KW - Marine KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Organic matter KW - Guaiacol KW - Oils KW - Stratigraphy KW - mounds KW - Sediments KW - cretaceous KW - Quinone KW - Lignin KW - Plants KW - Spores KW - Evolution KW - K 03410:Animal Diseases KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21085035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=New+insights+into+the+origin+of+perylene+in+geological+samples&rft.au=Grice%2C+Kliti%3BLu%2C+Hong%3BAtahan%2C+Pia%3BAsif%2C+Muhammad%3BHallmann%2C+Christian%3BGreenwood%2C+Paul%3BMaslen%2C+Ercin%3BTulipani%2C+Svenja%3BWilliford%2C+Kenneth%3BDodson%2C+John&rft.aulast=Grice&rft.aufirst=Kliti&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=6531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2009.07.029 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Animal fossils; Petroleum; Fungi; Cellulose; Geological samples; Stratigraphy; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Palynology; Spores; Alkanes; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Contamination; Organic matter; Guaiacol; Oils; Vegetation; Sediments; Anoxia; Combustion; Carbon; Cores; Fossils; Lignin; Quinone; Plants; Mounds; Evolution; Aromatics; geological samples; Degradation; woody plants; mounds; Wood; insects; Oil; Fractionation; cretaceous; deltas; holocene; devonian; Isoptera; INW, China, People's Rep., Changjiang Delta; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.029 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Conveying Resilience in the Context of Urban Poverty: The Case of Orphans and Vulnerable Children in the Informal Settlements of Nairobi, Kenya AN - 21081206; 11207888 AB - Background: This paper aims to extend the knowledge of the psychosocial impact of orphanhood through a detailed description of child welfare outcomes; explore the relationship between child-, household- and neighbourhood-level characteristics and child welfare outcomes; and suggest potential points of intervention to support orphans and vulnerable children.Methods: Two indices of psychosocial welfare were developed: emotional well-being and perceived care. Multilevel regression models were applied to identify the sources of variability in these outcomes.Results: Vulnerability was associated more with poverty and neighbourhood characteristics, than with orphanhood.Conclusion: Targeted support for orphans should take into account the loss incurred, the age and gender of the child, and the characteristics of the community in which the child lives. JF - Child and Adolescent Mental Health AU - Fotso, Jean Christophe AU - Holding, Penny A AU - Ezeh, Alex C AD - 1African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. Box 10787-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. E-mail: jcfotso[AT]aphrc.org Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - 175 EP - 182 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1475-357X, 1475-357X KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23110:Psychological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21081206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+and+Adolescent+Mental+Health&rft.atitle=Factors+Conveying+Resilience+in+the+Context+of+Urban+Poverty%3A+The+Case+of+Orphans+and+Vulnerable+Children+in+the+Informal+Settlements+of+Nairobi%2C+Kenya&rft.au=Fotso%2C+Jean+Christophe%3BHolding%2C+Penny+A%3BEzeh%2C+Alex+C&rft.aulast=Fotso&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+and+Adolescent+Mental+Health&rft.issn=1475357X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1475-3588.2009.00534.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2009.00534.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple methodology for sizing of absorbers for TEG (triethylene glycol) gas dehydration systems AN - 21080512; 11184710 AB - Natural gas is an important source of primary energy and it is saturated with water vapor under normal production conditions. In the design of natural gas dehydration systems, correct estimation of absorption column size is crucial. Once the lean TEG (Triethylene glycol) concentration has been established, the circulation rate of TEG and number of trays (height of packing) must be determined. The current methods to correlate the TEG circulation rate, TEG purity, water removal efficiency, number of equilibrium stages (or height of packing) and the diameter of contactor employs rigorous calculation techniques involving more complicated and longer computations. The aim of this study is therefore to develop a simple-to-use method, by employing basic algebraic equations to correlate water removal efficiency as a function of TEG circulation rate and TEG purity for appropriate sizing of the absorber at wide range of operating conditions of TEG dehydration systems. Estimates from simplified approach were found to be quite reliable and accurate, as evidenced by the comparisons with literature data where the average absolute deviation percent from reported data in the literature shown to be around 0.05%. JF - Energy (Oxford) AU - Bahadori, Alireza AU - Vuthaluru, Hari B AD - Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia, alireza.bahadori@postgrad.curtin.edu.au Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - 1910 EP - 1916 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 0360-5442, 0360-5442 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Efficiency KW - Absorption KW - water vapor KW - Natural gas KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21080512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%28Oxford%29&rft.atitle=Simple+methodology+for+sizing+of+absorbers+for+TEG+%28triethylene+glycol%29+gas+dehydration+systems&rft.au=Bahadori%2C+Alireza%3BVuthaluru%2C+Hari+B&rft.aulast=Bahadori&rft.aufirst=Alireza&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1910&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%28Oxford%29&rft.issn=03605442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.energy.2009.07.047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Natural gas; Efficiency; Absorption; water vapor DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.07.047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of cadmium in the otoliths and tissues of juvenile pink snapper (Pagrus auratus Forster) following dietary and waterborne exposure AN - 21080093; 11088604 AB - Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine if incorporation of Cd into the otoliths of juvenile pink snapper (Pagrus auratus Forster) was related to levels in the food or water. In the first experiment, fish were fed a regular diet (control group) or a Cd-contaminated diet (500 mg Cd kg super(- 1) or 1500 mg Cd kg super(- 1)) for 35 days. In the second experiment, fish were exposed to waterborne Cd concentrations of <0.002 kg L super(- 1) (control), 50 kg L super(- 1), 100 kg L super(- 1) and 150 kg L super(- 1) for 35 days. The sagittal otoliths were analysed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Juvenile fish exposed to higher concentrations of waterborne or dietary Cd showed increased Cd levels in their otoliths. This study clearly demonstrated that both aqueous and dietary Cd exposures can result in Cd incorporation into the otoliths of pink snapper. JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology AU - Ranaldi, Melinda Marie AU - Gagnon, Marthe Monique AD - Department of Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia, m.gagnon@curtin.edu.au Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - 421 EP - 427 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 150 IS - 4 SN - 1532-0456, 1532-0456 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Tissues KW - Pharmacology KW - Food KW - Physiology KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Pollution effects KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Cadmium KW - Ablation KW - Diets KW - Juveniles KW - Laboratory testing KW - Pagrus auratus KW - Otoliths KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Fish physiology KW - otoliths KW - Feeding experiments KW - Fish KW - Lasers KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21080093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology%2C+Part+C%3A+Toxicology+%26+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+cadmium+in+the+otoliths+and+tissues+of+juvenile+pink+snapper+%28Pagrus+auratus+Forster%29+following+dietary+and+waterborne+exposure&rft.au=Ranaldi%2C+Melinda+Marie%3BGagnon%2C+Marthe+Monique&rft.aulast=Ranaldi&rft.aufirst=Melinda&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology%2C+Part+C%3A+Toxicology+%26+Pharmacology&rft.issn=15320456&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cbpc.2009.06.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Juveniles; Bioaccumulation; Otoliths; Fish physiology; Pharmacology; Feeding experiments; Pollution effects; Cadmium; Ablation; Diets; Food; Lasers; Mass spectroscopy; Tissues; Laboratory testing; Physiology; otoliths; Mass spectrometry; Fish; Pagrus auratus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.06.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of bag sampling technique for particle size distribution measurements AN - 21056254; 11325760 AB - Bag sampling techniques can be used to temporarily store the aerosol and therefore provide sufficient time to utilize sensitive but slow instrumental techniques for recording detailed particle size distributions. Laboratory based assessment of the method was conducted to examine size dependant deposition loss coefficients for aerosols held in Velostat bags conforming to a horizontal cylindrical geometry. Deposition losses of NaCl particles in the range of 10 nm to 160 nm were analysed in relation to the bag size, storage time, and sampling flow rate. Results of this study suggest that the bag sampling method is most useful for moderately short sampling periods of about 5 minutes. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Mazaheri, M AU - Johnson, G R AU - Morawska, L AD - International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia, l.morawska@qut.edu.au Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - 2087 EP - 2090 VL - 11 IS - 11 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Storage KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Aerosols KW - Laboratory testing KW - Air sampling KW - Particulates KW - Sampling methods KW - Flow rates KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21056254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Application+of+bag+sampling+technique+for+particle+size+distribution+measurements&rft.au=Mazaheri%2C+M%3BJohnson%2C+G+R%3BMorawska%2C+L&rft.aulast=Mazaheri&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2087&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb907891f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Particle size; Aerosols; Pollutant deposition; Laboratory testing; Air sampling; Particulates; Flow rates; Sampling methods DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b907891f ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal trends of water productivity in the lower Mekong River Basin AN - 20772452; 10309815 AB - We estimate the physical and economic water productivities of rice and upland crops grown in the Lower Mekong River Basin and we examine their spatial and temporal trends. We discuss the constraints to low productivity, suggest measures for improvement and show the future productivity requirements for food security for increased population. Both the physical and economic water productivities of rice are higher in Vietnam, moderate in Laos, and lower in Thailand and Cambodia. In contrast, the physical water productivities of upland crops such as sugarcane and maize are highest in Thailand. The economic water productivity of upland crops is higher in Laos followed by Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand, and is much higher than that of rice. However, the economic productivity of all crops is dominated by the productivity of rice, particularly lowland rainfed rice, which is the dominant crop in the Lower Basin. The intra-regional variation (among the provinces within a country) of productivity is not substantial. There is an increasing trend of both physical and economic water productivity in all four riparian countries; however, the increase is more prominent in Laos and Vietnam. The economic productivity of upland crops is much higher than that of rice and therefore cultivation of more upland crops can significantly increase farm-level incomes, with positive impacts on reducing poverty. Increasing upland crops areas is unlikely to have any impact on the food security of the basin. The current rate of increase of both production and productivity of rice is considerably greater than the rate required to feed the expected extra population by 2050, suggesting that food security is not threatened by the population increase. There appears to be considerable scope to increase productivity and maintain the export potential of the basin. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Mainuddin, M AU - Kirby, M AD - GPO Box 1666, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, Mohammed.Mainuddin@csiro.au Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - November 2009 SP - 1567 EP - 1578 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 96 IS - 11 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rice KW - River Basins KW - Thailand KW - Sugarcane KW - Basins KW - Water resources KW - food security KW - Freshwater KW - Population dynamics KW - Crops KW - Vietnam KW - Zea mays KW - poverty KW - Asia, Mekong R. basin KW - Corn KW - Economics KW - exports KW - Oryza sativa KW - River basins KW - Cambodia KW - Foods KW - Water management KW - Productivity KW - Cultivation KW - Feeds KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20772452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+trends+of+water+productivity+in+the+lower+Mekong+River+Basin&rft.au=Mainuddin%2C+M%3BKirby%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mainuddin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.agwat.2009.06.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water management; Water resources; River basins; exports; poverty; Economics; Basins; food security; Population dynamics; Crops; River Basins; Foods; Rice; Sugarcane; Corn; Productivity; Feeds; Cultivation; Zea mays; Oryza sativa; Cambodia; Thailand; Asia, Mekong R. basin; Vietnam; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.06.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DRINKING WATER QUALITY: Better Biomarker of DBP Exposure AN - 1677956294; 12747166 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Spivey, Angela Y1 - 2009/11// PY - 2009 DA - Nov 2009 SP - A487 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Health KW - Drinking water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677956294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=DRINKING+WATER+QUALITY%3A+Better+Biomarker+of+DBP+Exposure&rft.au=Spivey%2C+Angela&rft.aulast=Spivey&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=A487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monotreme sex chromosomes - implications for the evolution of amniote sex chromosomes AN - 879469760; 13812136 AB - In vertebrates, a highly conserved pathway of genetic events controls male and female development, to the extent that many genes involved in human sex determination are also involved in fish sex determination. Surprisingly, the master switch to this pathway, which intuitively could be considered the most critical step, is inconsistent between vertebrate taxa. Interspersed in the vertebrate tree there are species that determine sex by environmental cues such as the temperature at which eggs are incubated, and then there are genetic sex-determination systems, with male heterogametic species (XY systems) and female heterogametic species (ZW systems), some of which have heteromorphic, and others homomorphic, sex chromosomes. This plasticity of sex-determining switches in vertebrates has made tracking the events of sex chromosome evolution in amniotes a daunting task, but comparative gene mapping is beginning to reveal some striking similarities across even distant taxa. In particular, the recent completion of the platypus genome sequence has completely changed our understanding of when the therian mammal X and Y chromosomes first arose (they are up to 150 million years younger than previously thought) and has also revealed the unexpected insight that sex determination of the amniote ancestor might have been controlled by a bird-like ZW system. JF - Reproduction, Fertility and Development AU - Waters, Paul D AU - Marshall Graves, Jennifer A AD - Comparative Genomics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, School of Biology, The Australian National University, GPO Box 475, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, paul.waters@anu.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 30 SP - 943 EP - 951 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 1031-3613, 1031-3613 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Genomes KW - Fertility KW - Trees KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Fish eggs KW - gene mapping KW - Platypus KW - taxa KW - Plasticity KW - Eggs KW - Sex determination KW - Y chromosome KW - Chromosomes KW - Evolutionary genetics KW - Ethnic groups KW - Sex KW - mammals KW - Temperature effects KW - Amniota KW - Tracking KW - Fish KW - Reproduction KW - Sex chromosomes KW - Evolution KW - Gene mapping KW - Q1 08566:Fishery charts, grounds and water areas KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879469760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproduction%2C+Fertility+and+Development&rft.atitle=Monotreme+sex+chromosomes+-+implications+for+the+evolution+of+amniote+sex+chromosomes&rft.au=Waters%2C+Paul+D%3BMarshall+Graves%2C+Jennifer+A&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2009-10-30&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=RIMA%3A+Review+of+Indonesian+and+Malaysian+Affairs&rft.issn=08157251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 63 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Fertility; Chromosomes; Fish eggs; Plasticity; Evolution; Tracking; Sex; Sex determination; Temperature effects; Y chromosome; Trees; Nucleotide sequence; Evolutionary genetics; Sex chromosomes; Eggs; Gene mapping; mammals; gene mapping; Reproduction; Fish; taxa; Ethnic groups; Amniota; Platypus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/RD09250 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling future conditions in the degraded semi-arid estuary of Australia's largest river using ecosystem states AN - 1642325048; 11093341 AB - Over the last ten years, there has been a major decline in the condition of the Coorong, the estuary for Australia's largest river system, the River Murray. This decline is due to prolonged drought combined with past management of the Murray-Darling Basin. In order to successfully manage the estuary in the future, predictions are needed to evaluate the effect of possible management actions on the Coorong ecosystem under a variety of climatic scenarios. The alternative stable state concept can be extended to non-equilibrium systems, allowing for modelling of condition. Rather than constraining the definition of alternative states to those that are stable, we identify a suite of ecosystem states that occur naturally, but also include those that arise during the decline of the system. Eight distinct states were defined, with thresholds between them based on a combination of environmental characteristics associated with co-occurring biota. Threshold values for environmental characteristics define the transition rules between states. Mapping these states allows us to characterise the condition of the estuary in both space and time. The distribution of these states, and the diversity of states supported can be used to create an ecosystem condition index. By calculating the value of the index over time, the trajectory of ecosystem condition merges, and predictions can be made about future condition, should the current situation continue. This trajectory modelling can then form a baseline against which to evaluate possible management actions under a variety of climatic scenarios to identify those most likely to improve the condition of the Coorong. JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science AU - Lester, R E AU - Fairweather, P G AD - Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia rebecca.lester@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 30 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 85 IS - 1 SN - 0272-7714, 0272-7714 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Rivers KW - Management KW - Ecosystems KW - Estuarine environments KW - Trajectories KW - Thresholds KW - Models KW - Modelling KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1642325048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.atitle=Modelling+future+conditions+in+the+degraded+semi-arid+estuary+of+Australia%27s+largest+river+using+ecosystem+states&rft.au=Lester%2C+R+E%3BFairweather%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2009-10-30&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.issn=02727714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecss.2009.04.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.04.018 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The 2009 Influenza Pandemic: Selected Legal Issues AN - 58835122; 2010-442847 AB - This report provides a brief overview of selected legal issues concerning the new influenza A(H1N1) virus pandemic, including emergency measures, civil rights, liability issues, and employment issues. There are a number of emergency measures which may help to contain or ameliorate an infectious disease outbreak: The Public Health Service Act, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the National Emergencies Act, and the Stafford Act contain authorities that allow the Secretary of Health and Human Services or the President to take certain actions during emergencies or disasters. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Oct 29 2009, 46 pp. AU - Swendiman, Kathleen S AU - Jones, Nancy Lee Y1 - 2009/10/29/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 29 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Health conditions and policy - Health and health policy KW - Health conditions and policy - Diseases and disorders KW - Health conditions and policy - Medicine and health care KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - Government - Public officials KW - Government - Executive power KW - Environment and environmental policy - Weather, climate, and natural disasters KW - Influenza KW - Presidents KW - Epidemiology KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Disasters KW - Executive power KW - Legislation KW - Public health KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58835122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Swendiman%2C+Kathleen+S%3BJones%2C+Nancy+Lee&rft.aulast=Swendiman&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2009-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+2009+Influenza+Pandemic%3A+Selected+Legal+Issues&rft.title=The+2009+Influenza+Pandemic%3A+Selected+Legal+Issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40560_20091029.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40560 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Education in acoustics and noise control: A liberal arts perspective T2 - 158th Meeting of The Acoustical Society of America AN - 42111892; 5539026 JF - 158th Meeting of The Acoustical Society of America AU - Cheenne, Dominique Y1 - 2009/10/26/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 26 KW - Acoustics KW - Education KW - Noise levels KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42111892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=158th+Meeting+of+The+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Education+in+acoustics+and+noise+control%3A+A+liberal+arts+perspective&rft.au=Cheenne%2C+Dominique&rft.aulast=Cheenne&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft.date=2009-10-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=158th+Meeting+of+The+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://asa.aip.org/sanantonio/program.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterologous expression of the methyl carbamate-degrading hydrolase MCD AN - 21146356; 11186502 AB - The methyl carbamate-degrading hydrolase (MCD) of Achromobacter WM111 has considerable potential as a pesticide bioremediation agent. However this potential has been unrealisable until now because of an inability to express MCD in heterologous hosts such as Escherichia coli. Herein, we describe the first successful attempt to express appreciable quantities of MCD in active form in E. coli, and the subsequent characterisation of the heterologously expressed material. We find that the properties of this material closely match the previously reported properties of MCD produced from Achromobacter WM111. This includes the presence of two distinct forms of the enzyme that we show are most likely due to the presence of two functional translational start sites. The purified enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of a carbamate (carbaryl), a carboxyl ester (a-naphthyl acetate) and a phophotriester (dimethyl umbelliferyl phosphate) and it is relatively resistant to thermal and solvent-mediated denaturation. The robust nature and catalytic promiscuity of MCD suggest that it could be exploited for various biotechnological applications. JF - Journal of Biotechnology AU - Naqvi, T AU - Cheesman, MJ AU - Williams, M R AU - Campbell, P M AU - Ahmed, S AU - Russell, R J AU - Scott, C AU - Oakeshott, JG AD - GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, colin.scott@csiro.au Y1 - 2009/10/26/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 26 SP - 89 EP - 95 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 144 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1656, 0168-1656 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Translation KW - Bioremediation KW - Denaturation KW - Carbaryl KW - Enzymes KW - Pesticides (carbamates) KW - Esters KW - Acetylcholine receptors KW - Hydrolysis KW - Acetic acid KW - Achromobacter KW - hydrolase KW - Phosphate KW - Pesticides KW - Escherichia coli KW - Catalysis KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21146356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Heterologous+expression+of+the+methyl+carbamate-degrading+hydrolase+MCD&rft.au=Naqvi%2C+T%3BCheesman%2C+MJ%3BWilliams%2C+M+R%3BCampbell%2C+P+M%3BAhmed%2C+S%3BRussell%2C+R+J%3BScott%2C+C%3BOakeshott%2C+JG&rft.aulast=Naqvi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2009-10-26&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01681656&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jbiotec.2009.09.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Translation; Denaturation; Bioremediation; Enzymes; Carbaryl; Acetylcholine receptors; Esters; Pesticides (carbamates); Acetic acid; Hydrolysis; hydrolase; Phosphate; Pesticides; Catalysis; Achromobacter; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.09.009 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Navy DDG-1000 and DDG-51 Destroyer Programs: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress AN - 58840250; 2010-442837 AB - The Administration's FY2010 defense budget proposes to end the procurement of DDG-1000 (Zumwalt) class destroyers with the third ship and restart procurement DDG-51 (Arleigh Burke) class Aegis destroyers, which were last procured in FY2005. The Administration's budget is consistent with a proposal for stopping DDG-1000 procurement and restarting DDG-51 procurement that the Navy announced in July 2008, and the Senate Appropriations Committee recommended increasing the Navy's request for FY2010 procurement funding for the DDG-51 program so as to support the procurement of two DDG-51s in FY2010, and approving the Navy's request for FY2010 procurement funding for the DDG-1000 program. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Oct 22 2009, 38 pp. AU - O'Rourke, Ronald Y1 - 2009/10/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 22 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Banking and public and private finance - Public finance KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Maritime and inland water transport KW - Ships KW - Purchasing, Military and naval KW - United States Navy KW - Appropriations and expenditures KW - Budget, Government KW - Surveillance KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58840250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Rourke%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2009-10-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Navy+DDG-1000+and+DDG-51+Destroyer+Programs%3A+Background%2C+Oversight+Issues%2C+and+Options+for+Congress&rft.title=Navy+DDG-1000+and+DDG-51+Destroyer+Programs%3A+Background%2C+Oversight+Issues%2C+and+Options+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32109_20091022.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL32109 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Highlights of the Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2647, FY10 National Defense Authorization Bill AN - 742955380; 2010-503717 AB - The House passed the conference report to accompany FY10 National Defense Authorization Bill (H.R. 2647) by a vote of 281-146 on October 8, 2009. This report provides highlights of the report. Tables. JF - U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee, Oct 21 2009, 9 pp. AU - United States Senate Republican Policy Committee Y1 - 2009/10/21/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 21 PB - U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee KW - Military and defense policy - National defense KW - United States Congress KW - Purchasing, Military and naval KW - Appropriations and expenditures KW - National defense KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742955380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=United+States+Senate+Republican+Policy+Committee&rft.aulast=United+States+Senate+Republican+Policy+Committee&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2009-10-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Highlights+of+the+Conference+Report+to+Accompany+H.R.+2647%2C+FY10+National+Defense+Authorization+Bill&rft.title=Highlights+of+the+Conference+Report+to+Accompany+H.R.+2647%2C+FY10+National+Defense+Authorization+Bill&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://rpc.senate.gov/public/_files/ConferenceReportHighlightsHR2647DefenseAuth102109ms.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-10 N1 - Publication note - U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee, 2009 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Navy Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress AN - 58841934; 2010-442851 AB - The Navy has been procuring Virginia (SSN-774) class nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs) at a rate of one per year for the past 11 years, with the procurement rate scheduled to increase to two boats annually starting in FY2011. The Navy's proposed FY2010 budget requests 1,964.3 million dollars in procurement funding to complete the procurement cost of a 12th Virginia-class boat; and the House and Senate Appropriations Committees, in their reports on the FY2010 Department of Defense (DOD) appropriations bill (H.R. 3326), both recommend approving the Administration's FY2010 request for procurement and advance procurement funding for the Virginia-class submarine program. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Oct 21 2009, 24 pp. AU - O'Rourke, Ronald Y1 - 2009/10/21/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 21 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Military and defense policy - Military equipment and weapons KW - United States Congress KW - Purchasing, Military and naval KW - Submarines KW - United States Navy KW - Atomic weapons KW - Appropriations and expenditures KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58841934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Rourke%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2009-10-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Navy+Attack+Submarine+Procurement%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.title=Navy+Attack+Submarine+Procurement%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32418_20091021.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL32418 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Somalia: Current Conditions and Prospects for a Lasting Peace AN - 58836142; 2010-442848 AB - In October 2002, the Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD) launched a peace process designed to end factional fighting in Somalia, led by the government of Kenya -- yet humanitarian, political, and security conditions continue to deteriorate across south-central Somalia. and in the past two years, more than 22,000 civilians have been killed, an estimated 1.1 million people displaced, and 476,000 Somalis have fled to neighboring countries. Meanwhile, Somali pirates have intensified their attacks in the Gulf of Aden, carrying out attacks on over 111 commercial ships, and successfully hijacking over 35 ships in 2008. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Oct 21 2009, 26 pp. AU - Dagne, Ted Y1 - 2009/10/21/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 21 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - International peace and security KW - International relations - War KW - Politics - Political dissent and internal conflict KW - International relations - Diplomacy KW - Administration of justice - Crime and criminals KW - Hijacking of ships KW - Government and politics KW - Gulf of Aden KW - Conflict KW - Peace KW - Dispute settlement KW - Somalia KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58836142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Dagne%2C+Ted&rft.aulast=Dagne&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft.date=2009-10-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Somalia%3A+Current+Conditions+and+Prospects+for+a+Lasting+Peace&rft.title=Somalia%3A+Current+Conditions+and+Prospects+for+a+Lasting+Peace&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33911_20091021.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL33911 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response to selection for grazing tolerance in winter-active populations of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.). 2. Correlated response in yield potential, plant characteristics, and alkaloid levels AN - 918040806; 13811709 AB - Phenotypic changes in populations of perennial grasses are known to occur in response to natural or deliberate selection under grazing. These changes may have agronomic significance. Associated changes in morphology and yield potential of young stands in response to 2 cycles of selection for grazing tolerance were examined in 3 winter-active breeding populations of the perennial grass, phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.). Levels of alkaloids which potentially could affect palatability were also examined. There was a decline in seedling growth and autumn and winter yield in spaced plants of 6.3-7.5% per cycle pooled across populations. Seedling growth measured in sown swards at 2 sites was not affected by selection. Visually estimated sward yield in the second year, ignoring large gaps, agreed with the spaced plant results but the decline was not significant at P , 0.05 when herbage yield was measured by mowing, probably due to effects of plant density. On balance, it was concluded that a decline in individual plant yield of 6-7% per cycle had occurred but this could be compensated by higher density, particularly over time as differences in persistence under grazing developed. The most pronounced morphological response to selection under grazing was towards a more densely tillered growth habit, although one exception occurred. There was also a tendency towards a more prostrate growth habit and later heading, but this was significant only for the most erect and earliest maturing population. Two cycles of selection did not significantly affect summer activity or area of plant base in any population. Tryptamine alkaloids were below the level likely to affect palatability but tended to increase with selection, particularly in a very low tryptamine base population, which suggested that they may play a role in persistence. Because of potentially deleterious effects on yield, care is required in using this selection method. A balance of yield potential and grazing tolerance appropriate to the management system is needed. JF - Crop & Pasture Science AU - Culvenor, R A AU - Boschma, S P AU - Reed, KFM AD - CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, richard.culvenor@csiro.au Y1 - 2009/10/19/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 19 SP - 1107 EP - 1116 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 60 IS - 11 SN - 1836-0947, 1836-0947 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - grazing KW - Grasses KW - Phalaris aquatica KW - Pasture KW - Crops KW - winter KW - breeding KW - Morphology KW - summer KW - Seedlings KW - Phalaris KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918040806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+%26+Pasture+Science&rft.atitle=Response+to+selection+for+grazing+tolerance+in+winter-active+populations+of+phalaris+%28Phalaris+aquatica+L.%29.+2.+Correlated+response+in+yield+potential%2C+plant+characteristics%2C+and+alkaloid+levels&rft.au=Culvenor%2C+R+A%3BBoschma%2C+S+P%3BReed%2C+KFM&rft.aulast=Culvenor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2009-10-19&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+%26+Pasture+Science&rft.issn=18360947&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FCP09037 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - winter; breeding; grazing; Grasses; Morphology; summer; Seedlings; Pasture; Crops; Phalaris aquatica; Phalaris DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CP09037 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The 2009 Influenza Pandemic: An Overview AN - 58839890; 2010-442853 AB - On June 11, 2009, in response to the global spread of a new strain of H1N1 influenza ("flu"), the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it an influenza pandemic. This report provides a synopsis of key events, actions taken, and authorities invoked by WHO, the US federal government, and state and local governments; lists congressional hearings held to date, and provides information about appropriations and funding for pandemic flu activities; summarizes US government pandemic flu planning documents; and lists sources for additional information about the situation. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Oct 15 2009, 33 pp. AU - Lister, Sarah A AU - Redhead, C Stephen Y1 - 2009/10/15/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 15 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Health conditions and policy - Diseases and disorders KW - Health conditions and policy - Health and health policy KW - International relations - International organizations KW - United States KW - Influenza KW - World health organization KW - Communicable diseases KW - Health planning KW - Public health KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58839890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Lister%2C+Sarah+A%3BRedhead%2C+C+Stephen&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2009-10-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+2009+Influenza+Pandemic%3A+An+Overview&rft.title=The+2009+Influenza+Pandemic%3A+An+Overview&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40554_20091015.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40554 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology, Public Health, and the Rhetoric of False Positives AN - 746078680; 12747142 AB - As an observational science, epidemiology is regarded by some researchers as inherently flawed and open to false results. In a recent paper, Boffetta et al. [Boffetta P, McLaughlin JK, LaVecchia C, Tarone RE, Lipworth L, Blot WJ. False-positive results in cancer epidemiology: a plea for epistemological modesty. J Natl Cancer Inst 100:988-995 (2008)] argued that 'epidemiology is particularly prone to the generation of false-positive results.' They also said 'the tendency to emphasize and over-interpret what appear to be new findings is commonplace, perhaps in part because of a belief that the findings provide information that may ultimately improve public health' and that 'this tendency to hype new findings increases the likelihood of downplaying inconsistencies within the data or any lack of concordance with other sources of evidence.' The authors supported these serious charges against epidemiology and epidemiologists with few examples. Although we acknowledge that false positives do occur, we view the position of Boffetta and colleagues on false positives as unbalanced and potentially harmful to public health. We aim to provide a more balanced evaluation of epidemiology and its contribution to public health discourse. Boffetta and colleagues ignore the fact that false negatives may arise from the very processes that they tout as generating false-positive results. We further disagree with their proposition that false-positive results from a single study will lead to faulty decision making in matters of public health importance. In practice, such public health evaluations are based on all the data available from all relevant disciplines and never to our knowledge on a single study. The lack of balance by Boffetta and colleagues in their evaluation of the impact of false-positive findings on epidemiology, the charge that 'methodological vigilance is often absent' in epidemiologists' interpretation of their own results, and the false characterization of how epidemiologic findings are used in societal decision making all undermine a major source of information regarding disease risks. We reaffirm the importance of epidemiologic evidence as a critical component of the foundation of public health protection. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Saracci, Rodolfo AU - Vineis, Paolo AU - Cocco, Pierluigi AU - Forastiere, Francesco AU - Grandjean, Philippe AU - Kogevinas, Manolis AU - Kriebel, David AU - McMichael, Anthony AU - Pearce, Neil AU - Porta, Miquel AU - Samet, Jonathan AU - Sandler, Dale P AU - Costantini, Adele Seniori AU - Vainio, Harri AD - 9 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland Y1 - 2009/10/07/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 07 SP - 1809 EP - 1813 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - epidemiologic methods KW - false negatives KW - false positives KW - hyped findings KW - Epidemiology KW - Cancer KW - Public health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746078680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Epidemiology%2C+Public+Health%2C+and+the+Rhetoric+of+False+Positives&rft.au=Blair%2C+Aaron%3BSaracci%2C+Rodolfo%3BVineis%2C+Paolo%3BCocco%2C+Pierluigi%3BForastiere%2C+Francesco%3BGrandjean%2C+Philippe%3BKogevinas%2C+Manolis%3BKriebel%2C+David%3BMcMichael%2C+Anthony%3BPearce%2C+Neil%3BPorta%2C+Miquel%3BSamet%2C+Jonathan%3BSandler%2C+Dale+P%3BCostantini%2C+Adele+Seniori%3BVainio%2C+Harri&rft.aulast=Hungerford&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+finance+review&rft.issn=10911421&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epidemiology; Cancer; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901194 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electoral System of the People's Congress Deputy System in China TT - Transliterated title not available AN - 754066961; 201052082 AB - In the modern time, the electoral system is the basic element of representative democracy. In China, people's congress deputies, as the main body of the people's congress deputy system, are elected democratically. In the electoral system of people's congress deputies, there are such principles as universality and equality of electoral right, direct election and indirect election, competitive election, secret ballot, etc. Voters's registration, division of electoral district, number of deputies, proposal, confirmation and preelection of candidates, propaganda and introduction of candidates, voting, and confirmation of election results are the reflection of these principles. At the same time, these principles can be the criterion for the electoral system. With the development of the national economy, politics, culture and society, the electoral law should also develop. Adapted from the source document. JF - Sichuan Ligong Xueyuan Xuebao/Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering (Social Sciences Edition) AU - Wan, Qi-gang AU - Gao, Min-quan AD - General Office, Standing Committee National People's Congress, Beijing, China Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 28 EP - 33 PB - Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 1672-8580, 1672-8580 KW - people's congress deputy system KW - electoral system KW - people's congress deputy KW - electoral law KW - Standing Committee of the People's Congress KW - Peoples Republic of China KW - Elections KW - Electoral Systems KW - Legislative Bodies KW - Propaganda KW - Equality KW - article KW - 9121: political behavior; political behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754066961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sichuan+Ligong+Xueyuan+Xuebao%2FJournal+of+Sichuan+University+of+Science+%26+Engineering+%28Social+Sciences+Edition%29&rft.atitle=Electoral+System+of+the+People%27s+Congress+Deputy+System+in+China&rft.au=Wan%2C+Qi-gang%3BGao%2C+Min-quan&rft.aulast=Wan&rft.aufirst=Qi-gang&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sichuan+Ligong+Xueyuan+Xuebao%2FJournal+of+Sichuan+University+of+Science+%26+Engineering+%28Social+Sciences+Edition%29&rft.issn=16728580&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Chinese DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-10 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elections; Legislative Bodies; Electoral Systems; Peoples Republic of China; Propaganda; Equality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DIET AND NUTRITION: Next Course in Organic Debate AN - 753662906; 13204941 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Holzman, David C AD - David C. Holzman writes from Lexington and Wellfleet, Massachusetts, on science, medicine, energy, economics, and cars. He has written for EHP since 1996 Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A439 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 United States of America VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/753662906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=DIET+AND+NUTRITION%3A+Next+Course+in+Organic+Debate&rft.au=Holzman%2C+David+C&rft.aulast=Holzman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=A439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Learning Curve: Putting Healthy School Principles into Practice AN - 753662479; 13204943 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Adler, Tina AD - Tina Adler first wrote for EHP about the Clinton-Gore environmental agenda in 1993. She is a member of the National Association of Science Writers and the American Society of Journalists and Authors Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A448 EP - A453 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 United States of America VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/753662479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Learning+Curve%3A+Putting+Healthy+School+Principles+into+Practice&rft.au=Adler%2C+Tina&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=A448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PBDEs in Diet: Meat Fat a Leading Source AN - 753662099; 13204947 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lubick, Naomi AD - Naomi Lubick is a freelance science writer based in Zuerich, Switzerland, and Folsom, California. She has written for Environmental Science & Technology, Nature, and Earth Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A455 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 United States of America VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/753662099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=PBDEs+in+Diet%3A+Meat+Fat+a+Leading+Source&rft.au=Lubick%2C+Naomi&rft.aulast=Lubick&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=A455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY: Consumer Protection Act Sees Uneven Launch AN - 753662077; 13204937 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Dahl, Richard AD - Boston freelance writer Richard Dahl has contributed to EHP since 1995. He also writes periodically for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A436 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 United States of America VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/753662077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=LAWS%2C+REGULATIONS%2C+AND+POLICY%3A+Consumer+Protection+Act+Sees+Uneven+Launch&rft.au=Dahl%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=A436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are We Really Addressing the Core of Children's Environmental Health? AN - 753661953; 13204933 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Witherspoon, Nsedu Obot AD - Children's Environmental Health Network, Washington, DC, nobot@cehn.org Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A428 EP - A429 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 United States of America VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/753661953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Are+We+Really+Addressing+the+Core+of+Children%27s+Environmental+Health%3F&rft.au=Witherspoon%2C+Nsedu+Obot&rft.aulast=Witherspoon&rft.aufirst=Nsedu&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=A428&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901441 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901441 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Factors in Birth Defects: What We Need to Know AN - 753661925; 13204942 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weinhold, Bob AD - Bob Weinhold, MA, has covered environmental health issues for numerous outlets since 1996. He is a member of the Society of Environmental Journalists Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A440 EP - A447 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 United States of America VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/753661925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Factors+in+Birth+Defects%3A+What+We+Need+to+Know&rft.au=Weinhold%2C+Bob&rft.aulast=Weinhold&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=A440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variable Vulnerability: Genotype Determines Timing of PON1 Capability to Detoxify Pesticides AN - 753661605; 13204945 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Freeman, Kris S AD - Kris S. Freeman has written for Encarta encyclopedia, NIH, ABCNews.com, and the National Park Service. Her research on the credibility of online health information appeared in the June 2009 IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication. Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A454 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 United States of America VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/753661605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Variable+Vulnerability%3A+Genotype+Determines+Timing+of+PON1+Capability+to+Detoxify+Pesticides&rft.au=Freeman%2C+Kris+S&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Kris&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=A454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass Lead Poisoning in Dakar: Battery Recycling Exacts a Heavy Toll AN - 745645035; 13204944 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Potera, Carol AD - Carol Potera, based in Montana, has written for EHP since 1996. She also writes for Microbe, Genetic Engineering News, and the American Journal of Nursing Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A454 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Senegal, Dakar KW - Batteries KW - Poisoning KW - Recycling KW - Lead KW - Public health KW - Waste management KW - ENA 17:Waste Management-Solid KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745645035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mass+Lead+Poisoning+in+Dakar%3A+Battery+Recycling+Exacts+a+Heavy+Toll&rft.au=Potera%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Potera&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=A454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Batteries; Poisoning; Recycling; Lead; Waste management; Public health; Senegal, Dakar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CANCER: Childhood Leukemia and Proximity to Nuclear Power Plants AN - 745645032; 13204938 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Burton, Adrian AD - Adrian Burton is a biologist living in Spain who also writes regularly for The Lancet Oncology, The Lancet Neurology, and Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A437 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Leukemia KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Children KW - Cancer KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745645032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=CANCER%3A+Childhood+Leukemia+and+Proximity+to+Nuclear+Power+Plants&rft.au=Burton%2C+Adrian&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=A437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nuclear power plants; Leukemia; Children; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Health and Child Survival: Epidemiology, Economics, Experiences AN - 745644874; 13204948 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Trasande, Leonardo AD - Leonardo Trasande is assistant professor of community and preventive medicine and of pediatrics at Mount Sinai School of Medicine Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A464 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Epidemiology KW - Economics KW - Environmental health KW - Children KW - survival KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745644874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Health+and+Child+Survival%3A+Epidemiology%2C+Economics%2C+Experiences&rft.au=Trasande%2C+Leonardo&rft.aulast=Trasande&rft.aufirst=Leonardo&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=A464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epidemiology; Economics; Environmental health; survival; Children ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. EPA's Toxicity Reference Database: Martin and Dix Respond AN - 745644872; 13204935 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Martin, Matthew T AU - Dix, David J AD - National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,, Martin.Matt@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A432 EP - A433 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Databases KW - EPA KW - USA KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Toxicity KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745644872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=U.S.+EPA%27s+Toxicity+Reference+Database%3A+Martin+and+Dix+Respond&rft.au=Martin%2C+Matthew+T%3BDix%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=A432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900951R LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; Toxicity; Databases; Water Pollution Effects; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900951R ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nanotechnology-Related Environment, Health, and Safety Research AN - 745644516; 13204936 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Brandi, Giovanni AU - Nobili, Elisabetta AU - Di Girolamo, Stefania AU - Grazi, Gianluca AU - Fiorentino, Michelangelo AU - Golfieri, Rita AU - Biasco, Guido AD - S. Orsola - Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, giovanni.brandi@unibo.it Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A433 EP - A434 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Environmental impact KW - Research programs KW - Nanotechnology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745644516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+15+polymorphic+microsatellite+DNA+loci+from+Argyrosomus+japonicus+%28mulloway%29%2C+a+new+aquaculture+species+in+Australia&rft.au=ARCHANGI%2C+B%3BChand%2C+V%3BMather%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=ARCHANGI&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.issn=1755098X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1755-0998.2008.02464.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Environmental impact; Research programs; Nanotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901029 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disinfection By-Products and Congenital Anomalies: Evidence Still Inconclusive AN - 745644356; 13204946 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Spivey, Angela AD - Angela Spivey writes from North Carolina about science, medicine, and higher education. She has written for EHP since 2001 Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A455 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 0 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - disinfection KW - Byproducts KW - Congenital defects KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745644356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Disinfection+By-Products+and+Congenital+Anomalies%3A+Evidence+Still+Inconclusive&rft.au=Spivey%2C+Angela&rft.aulast=Spivey&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=A455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Byproducts; disinfection; Congenital defects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting the sound insulation of single leaf walls: extension of Cremer's model. AN - 742787045; pmid-19813801 AB - In his 1942 paper on the sound insulation of single leaf walls, Cremer [(1942). Akust. Z. 7, 81-104] made a number of approximations in order to show the general trend of sound insulation above the critical frequency. Cremer realized that these approximations limited the application of his theory to frequencies greater than twice the critical frequency. This paper removes most of Cremer's approximations so that the revised theory can be used down to the critical frequency. The revised theory is used as a correction to the diffuse field limp panel mass law below the critical frequency by setting the nonexistent coincidence angle to 90 degrees. The diffuse field limp panel mass law for a finite size wall is derived without recourse to a limiting angle by following the average diffuse field single sided radiation efficiency approach. The shear wave correction derived by Heckl and Donner [(1985). Rundfunktech Mitt. 29, 287-291] is applied to the revised theory in order to cover the case of thicker walls. The revised theory predicts the general trend of the experimental data, although the agreement is usually worse at low frequencies and depends on the value of damping loss factor used in the region of and above the critical frequency. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Davy, John L AD - School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia. john.davy@rmit.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1871 EP - 1877 VL - 126 IS - 4 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - National Library of Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742787045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Predicting+the+sound+insulation+of+single+leaf+walls%3A+extension+of+Cremer%27s+model.&rft.au=Davy%2C+John+L&rft.aulast=Davy&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-13 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - JEM spotlight: Environmental monitoring of airborne nanoparticles. AN - 734075997; 19809699 AB - The aim of this work was to review the existing instrumental methods to monitor airborne nanoparticles in different types of indoor and outdoor environments in order to detect their presence and to characterise their properties. Firstly the terminology and definitions used in this field are discussed, which is followed by a review of the methods to measure particle physical characteristics including number, concentration, size distribution and surface area. An extensive discussion is provided on the direct methods for particle elemental composition measurements, as well as on indirect methods providing information on particle volatility and solubility, and thus in turn on volatile and semivolatile compounds of which the particle is composed. A brief summary of broader considerations related to nanoparticle monitoring in different environments concludes the paper. JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Morawska, L AU - Wang, H AU - Ristovski, Z AU - Jayaratne, E R AU - Johnson, G AU - Cheung, H C AU - Ling, X AU - He, C AD - International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia. l.morawska@qut.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1758 EP - 1773 VL - 11 IS - 10 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Solubility KW - Volatilization KW - Nanoparticles -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/734075997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=JEM+spotlight%3A+Environmental+monitoring+of+airborne+nanoparticles.&rft.au=Morawska%2C+L%3BWang%2C+H%3BRistovski%2C+Z%3BJayaratne%2C+E+R%3BJohnson%2C+G%3BCheung%2C+H+C%3BLing%2C+X%3BHe%2C+C&rft.aulast=Morawska&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1758&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=1464-0333&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb912589m LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2009-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Environ Monit. 2009 Oct;11(10):1757 [19809698] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b912589m ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bayesian model averaging for harmful algal bloom prediction. AN - 67690831; 19831071 AB - Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a worldwide problem that have been increasing in frequency and extent over the past several decades. HABs severely damage aquatic ecosystems by destroying benthic habitat, reducing invertebrate and fish populations, and affecting larger species such as dugong that rely on seagrasses for food. Few statistical models for predicting HAB occurrences have been developed, and in common with most predictive models in ecology, those that have been developed do not fully account for uncertainties in parameters and model structure. This makes management decisions based on these predictions more risky than might be supposed. We used a probit time series model and Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to predict occurrences of blooms of Lyngbya majuscula, a toxic cyanophyte, in Deception Bay, Queensland, Australia. We found a suite of useful predictors for HAB occurrence, with temperature figuring prominently in models with the majority of posterior support, and a model consisting of the single covariate, average monthly minimum temperature, showed by far the greatest posterior support. A comparison of alternative model averaging strategies was made with one strategy using the full posterior distribution and a simpler approach that utilized the majority of the posterior distribution for predictions but with vastly fewer models. Both BMA approaches showed excellent predictive performance with little difference in their predictive capacity. Applications of BMA are still rare in ecology, particularly in management settings. This study demonstrates the power of BMA as an important management tool that is capable of high predictive performance while fully accounting for both parameter and model uncertainty. JF - Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America AU - Hamilton, Grant AU - McVinish, Ross AU - Mengersen, Kerrie AD - School of Natural Resource Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. g.hamilton@qut.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1805 EP - 1814 VL - 19 IS - 7 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Queensland KW - Eukaryota -- physiology KW - Temperature KW - Bayes Theorem KW - Models, Biological KW - Eutrophication -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67690831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+applications+%3A+a+publication+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Bayesian+model+averaging+for+harmful+algal+bloom+prediction.&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+Grant%3BMcVinish%2C+Ross%3BMengersen%2C+Kerrie&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+applications+%3A+a+publication+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2009-11-06 N1 - Date created - 2009-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Systematic Review of Factors Influencing Fertility Desires and Intentions Among People Living with HIV/AIDS: Implications for Policy and Service Delivery AN - 61372159; 201001155 AB - With availability of antiretroviral treatments, HIV is increasingly recognised as a chronic disease people live with for many years. This paper critically reviews the current literature on fertility desires and reproductive intentions among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) and critiques the theoretical frameworks and methodologies used. A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases: ISI Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, Proquest, Jstor and CINAHL for articles published between 1990 and 2008. The search terms used were fertility desire, pregnancy, HIV, reproductive decision making, reproductive intentions, motherhood, fatherhood and parenthood. Twenty-nine studies were reviewed. Fertility desires were influenced by a myriad of demographic, health, stigma-associated and psychosocial factors. Cultural factors were also important, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Future research that examines fertility desires among PLHIV should include cultural beliefs and practices in the theoretical framework in order to provide a holistic understanding and to enable development of services that meet the reproductive needs of PLHIV. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS and Behavior AU - Nattabi, Barbara AU - Li, Jianghong AU - Thompson, Sandra C AU - Orach, Christopher Garimoi AU - Earnest, Jaya AD - Centre for International Health and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia barbara.nattabi@postgrad.curtin.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 949 EP - 968 PB - Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 1090-7165, 1090-7165 KW - Desire KW - Fertility KW - Sociocultural Factors KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Parenthood KW - Decision Making KW - Sexual Reproduction KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61372159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.atitle=A+Systematic+Review+of+Factors+Influencing+Fertility+Desires+and+Intentions+Among+People+Living+with+HIV%2FAIDS%3A+Implications+for+Policy+and+Service+Delivery&rft.au=Nattabi%2C+Barbara%3BLi%2C+Jianghong%3BThompson%2C+Sandra+C%3BOrach%2C+Christopher+Garimoi%3BEarnest%2C+Jaya&rft.aulast=Nattabi&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=949&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.issn=10907165&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10461-009-9537-y LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-21 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIBEFC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Fertility; Desire; Sexual Reproduction; Decision Making; Parenthood; Sociocultural Factors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-009-9537-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do Socioeconomic Differences in Family Size Reflect Cultural Differences in Confidence and Social Support for Parenting AN - 60308276; 201002995 AB - This article details family size differences by socio-economic area in metropolitan South Australia and suggests that these differences may be linked to cultural differences in parenting confidence and skills, and in social supports for parenting. The paper analyses Census data on average completed family size and family size distribution in six different areas. In all age groups this shows a negative correlation between family size and the socio-economic status of the area. Secondly, based on analysis of interview data with 38 mothers and 24 fathers and a small survey of 44 parents-to-be, the article suggests that the quantitative patterns may partly reflect differences in the proportions of people in each area who see being parents and having larger families as desirable and achievable undertakings for which they have the requisite personal skills and social supports to minimise adverse impacts on their own parental health and lifestyle. The article concludes by hypothesising that differential fertility levels between groups or areas partly reflect differences in levels of confidence, skills and social support for parenting, and that a cultural "crisis in parenthood" as well as a greater focus on intensive parenting may be more widespread in higher status groups which is reflected in their lower fertility. Adapted from the source document. JF - Population Research and Policy Review AU - Newman, Lareen A AD - Australian Health Inequities Program, Department of Public Health, Health Sciences Building, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia lareen.newman@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 661 EP - 691 PB - Springer, Dordrecht The Netherlands VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0167-5923, 0167-5923 KW - Status KW - Fertility KW - Mothers KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Fathers KW - article KW - 1941: the family and socialization; sociology of the family, marriage, & divorce UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60308276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Research+and+Policy+Review&rft.atitle=Do+Socioeconomic+Differences+in+Family+Size+Reflect+Cultural+Differences+in+Confidence+and+Social+Support+for+Parenting&rft.au=Newman%2C+Lareen+A&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Lareen&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Population+Research+and+Policy+Review&rft.issn=01675923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11113-008-9124-3 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-21 N1 - Number of references - 116 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - PRPRE8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Socioeconomic Status; Mothers; Fathers; Fertility; Status DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-008-9124-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Washington Hold 'Em: the New Era in U.S. Politics AN - 60046562; 201002146 AB - The author offers his views as a nonpartisan political analyst on the 2010 midterm elections in the US. The Republican loss of 54 House seats & 14 Senate seats over the course of the 2006 & 2008 elections & the 2008 election of Democrat Barack Obama as president has significantly weakened their power in Washington, DC. The overall political climate is assessed & implications for the vulnerability of Republicans vs Democrats to losses in the upcoming elections are considered. The impact of the Fall 2008 economic crisis on government intervention in the private sector, which had steadily waned under both Democratic & Republican administrations since 1980, is discussed. Adapted from the source document. JF - The Washington Quarterly AU - Cook, Charles E, Jr AD - National Journal and Congress Daily AM, and NBC News Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 191 EP - 196 PB - MIT Press, Cambridge MA VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0163-660X, 0163-660X KW - Left Wing Politics KW - Right Wing Politics KW - Elections KW - United States of America KW - Economic Crises KW - Legislative Bodies KW - Political Power KW - Public Support KW - Political Parties KW - article KW - 9105: politics; national-level politics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60046562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Washington+Hold+%27Em%3A+the+New+Era+in+U.S.+Politics&rft.au=Cook%2C+Charles+E%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Washington+Quarterly&rft.issn=0163660X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01636600903232129 LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States of America; Economic Crises; Elections; Legislative Bodies; Political Parties; Political Power; Left Wing Politics; Right Wing Politics; Public Support DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01636600903232129 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - When He Said Linking, He Really Meant Linking AN - 57682445; 200913561 AB - Design on the web can be viewed in terms of graphic/industrial design and human usability. Basic searching on the Web involves a nice, clean Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that remains unchanged, can be read by users, is amenable to common Web behaviors such as bookmarking and proxying, and provides useful information. Essentially, this represents the basic building block of online searching because it provides useful information when a user looks for something and because it provides something to link to. Because the Web is made of links, and items in a library collection are linked to each other, libraries should make those links part of the better Web. Adapted from the source document. JF - Computers in Libraries AU - Chudnov, Daniel AD - Office of Strategic Initiatives, Library of Congress daniel.chudnov@gmail.com Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 23 EP - 25 PB - Information Today Inc VL - 29 IS - 9 SN - 1041-7915, 1041-7915 KW - Links KW - Online catalogues KW - Searching KW - article KW - 13.14: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL - SEARCHING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57682445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+in+Libraries&rft.atitle=When+He+Said+Linking%2C+He+Really+Meant+Linking&rft.au=Chudnov%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Chudnov&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+in+Libraries&rft.issn=10417915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Links; Searching; Online catalogues ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fathers and breast feeding very-low-birthweight preterm babies AN - 57341258; 201001178 AB - Objective to explore fathers' experiences of the breast feeding of their very-low-birthweight preterm babies from birth to 12 months of age. Design a qualitative study using interpretive phenomenology. Data were collected via longitudinal in-depth individual interviews. Setting publicly funded tertiary level hospital, Australia. Participants a purposive sample of 17 Australian parents took part in the broader study. This paper reports on data from the seven participant fathers. Findings this paper explores the discursive changes in fathers' accounts of their perspectives on and support of the breast feeding of their preterm baby. The fathers' accounts highlight their marked influence on breast feeding, their ambivalent experiences related to breast feeding and their struggle in negotiating a parenting role related to baby feeding. Key conclusions this study highlights the role and influence that fathers of preterm babies have on breast feeding, and explores the tensions and paradoxes inherent in promoting the ideology of breast feeding while valuing the practice of bottle feeding. Implications for practice this study highlights the need to encourage and involve fathers in breast-feeding education including the impact of bottle feeding on breast-feeding outcomes. The active and positive contribution that fathers make towards preterm breast feeding should be acknowledged and encouraged. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.] JF - Midwifery AU - Sweet, Linda AU - Darbyshire, Philip AD - School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia linda.sweet@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 540 EP - 553 PB - Elsevier Ltd, The Netherlands VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0266-6138, 0266-6138 KW - Breast feeding Breast expression Preterm Breast milk Fathers KW - Breastfeeding KW - Premature babies KW - Very low birth weight babies KW - Fathers KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57341258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Midwifery&rft.atitle=Fathers+and+breast+feeding+very-low-birthweight+preterm+babies&rft.au=Sweet%2C+Linda%3BDarbyshire%2C+Philip&rft.aulast=Sweet&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Midwifery&rft.issn=02666138&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.midw.2007.09.001 LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breastfeeding; Fathers; Very low birth weight babies; Premature babies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2007.09.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Defensive Nature Of Benefit Finding During Ongoing Terrorism: An Examination Of A National Sample Of Israeli Jews AN - 57311365; 201000485 AB - A study examining the effects of terrorism on a national sample of 1,136 Jewish adults was conducted in Israel via telephone surveys, during the Second Intifada. The relationship between reports of positive changes occurring subsequent to terrorism exposure (i.e., benefit finding), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, and negative outgroup attitudes toward Palestinian citizens of Israel (PCI) was examined. Benefit finding was related to greater PTSD symptom severity. Further, benefit finding was related to greater threat perception of PCI and ethnic exclusionism of PCI. Findings were consistent with hypotheses derived from theories of outgroup bias and support the anxiety buffering role of social affiliation posited by terror management theory. This study suggests that benefit finding may be a defensive coping strategy when expressed under the conditions of ongoing terrorism and external threat. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology AU - Hall, Brian J AU - Hobfoll, Stevan E AU - Canetti, Daphna AU - Johnson, Robert J AU - Galea, Sandro AD - Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, 310 Rawson Chicago, IL 60612 bhall4@kent.edu Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 993 EP - 1021 PB - Guilford Press, New York NY VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 0736-7236, 0736-7236 KW - Symptoms KW - Severity KW - Posttraumatic stress disorder KW - Terrorism KW - Outgroups KW - Israel KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57311365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Social+and+Clinical+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+Defensive+Nature+Of+Benefit+Finding+During+Ongoing+Terrorism%3A+An+Examination+Of+A+National+Sample+Of+Israeli+Jews&rft.au=Chamberlin%2C+Michelle&rft.aulast=Chamberlin&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mathematics+Teacher+Education+and+Development&rft.issn=14423901&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - JSCPFF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Terrorism; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Israel; Outgroups; Symptoms; Severity ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Releasing Open Source at the Library of Congress T2 - 12th Annual Library and Information Technology Association National Forum AN - 42412186; 5399616 JF - 12th Annual Library and Information Technology Association National Forum AU - Johnston, Leslie Y1 - 2009/10/01/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 01 KW - Congress KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42412186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=12th+Annual+Library+and+Information+Technology+Association+National+Forum&rft.atitle=Releasing+Open+Source+at+the+Library+of+Congress&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Leslie&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=12th+Annual+Library+and+Information+Technology+Association+National+Forum&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.lita.org/ala/mgrps/divs/lita/litaevents/forum2009/schedule. cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of CENDL and JEFF evaluated nuclear data files for TRIGA calculations through the analysis of integral parameters of TRX and BAPL benchmark lattices of thermal reactors AN - 34952247; 200911-42-0144493 (CE); 200911-51-1352899 (MT); 10976406 (EN); 200911-70-0100969 (EA) AB - The aim of this paper is to present the validation of evaluated nuclear data files CENDL-2.2 and JEFF-3.1.1 through the analysis of the integral parameters of TRX and BAPL benchmark lattices of thermal reactors for neutronics analysis of TRIGA Mark-II Research Reactor at AERE, Bangladesh. In this process, the 69-group cross-section library for lattice code WIMS was generated using the basic evaluated nuclear data files CENDL-2.2 and JEFF-3.1.1 with the help of nuclear data processing code NJOY99.0. Integral measurements on the thermal reactor lattices TRX-1, TRX-2, BAPL-UO sub(2)-1, BAPL-UO sub(2)-2 and BAPL-UO sub(2)-3 served as standard benchmarks for testing nuclear data files and have also been selected for this analysis. The integral parameters of the said lattices were calculated using the lattice transport code WIMSD-5B based on the generated 69-group cross-section library. The calculated integral parameters were compared to the measured values as well as the results of Monte Carlo Code MCNP. It was found that in most cases, the values of integral parameters show a good agreement with the experiment and MCNP results. Besides, the group constants in WIMS format for the isotopes U-235 and U-238 between two data files have been compared using WIMS library utility code WILLIE and it was found that the group constants are identical with very insignificant difference. Therefore, this analysis reflects the validation of evaluated nuclear data files CENDL-2.2 and JEFF-3.1.1 through benchmarking the integral parameters of TRX and BAPL lattices and can also be essential to implement further neutronic analysis of TRIGA Mark-II research reactor at AERE, Dhaka, Bangladesh. JF - Annals of Nuclear Energy AU - Uddin, M N AU - Sarker, M M AU - Khan, M.J.H. AU - Islam, S.M.A. AD - Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, GPO Box 3787, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh PY - 2009 SP - 1521 EP - 1526 PB - Elsevier Science BV, P.O. Box 211, Amsterdam, 1000 AE, Netherlands, [mailto:w.tukker@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.com] VL - 36 IS - 10 SN - 0306-4549, 0306-4549 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering (MT); Environmental Engineering (EN); Electronics & Communication (EA) KW - Publisher ID: S0306454909002357 KW - Lattices KW - Integrals KW - Benchmarking KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Thermal reactors KW - Libraries KW - Monte Carlo methods KW - Constants KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/34952247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.atitle=Validation+of+CENDL+and+JEFF+evaluated+nuclear+data+files+for+TRIGA+calculations+through+the+analysis+of+integral+parameters+of+TRX+and+BAPL+benchmark+lattices+of+thermal+reactors&rft.au=Uddin%2C+M+N%3BSarker%2C+M+M%3BKhan%2C+M.J.H.%3BIslam%2C+S.M.A.&rft.aulast=Uddin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.issn=03064549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.anucene.2009.07.016 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2009.07.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cumulative Lead Exposure and Tooth Loss in Men: The Normative Aging Study AN - 21469602; 11866555 AB - Background Individuals previously exposed to lead remain at risk because of endogenous release of lead stored in their skeletal compartments. However, it is not known if long-term cumulative lead exposure is a risk factor for tooth loss. Objectives We examined the association of bone lead concentrations with loss of natural teeth. Methods We examined 333 men enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. We used a validated K-shell X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) method to measure lead concentrations in the tibial midshaft and patella. A dentist recorded the number of teeth remaining, and tooth loss was categorized as 0, 1-8 or aY 9 missing teeth. We used proportional odds models to estimate the association of bone lead biomarkers with tooth loss, adjusting for age, smoking, diabetes, and other putative confounders. Results Participants with aY 9 missing teeth had significantly higher bone lead concentrations than those who had not experienced tooth loss. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, men in the highest tertile of tibia lead (> 23 mu g/g) and patella lead (> 36 mu g/g) had approximately three times the odds of having experienced an elevated degree of tooth loss (aY 9 vs. 0-8 missing teeth or Y 1 vs. 0 missing teeth) as those in the lowest tertile [prevalence odds ratio (OR) = 3.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.60-5.76 and OR = 2.41; 95% CI, 1.30-4.49, respectively]. Associations between bone lead biomarkers and tooth loss were similar in magnitude to the increased odds observed in participants who were current smokers. Conclusion Long-term cumulative lead exposure is associated with increased odds of tooth loss. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Arora, Manish AU - Weuve, Jennifer AU - Weisskopf, Marc G AU - Sparrow, David AU - Nie, Huiling AU - Garcia, Raul I AU - Hu, Howard AD - Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1531 EP - 1534 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - aging KW - blood lead KW - bone lead KW - KXRF KW - tooth loss KW - Teeth KW - Age KW - Aging KW - Lead KW - Models KW - Gastropods (Limpets) KW - Smoking KW - diabetes mellitus KW - Exposure KW - Risk factors KW - X-ray Fluorescence KW - Bioindicators KW - Fluorescence KW - males KW - Patella KW - teeth KW - biomarkers KW - Model Studies KW - Bone KW - Tibia KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Risk KW - dentistry KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Bone loss KW - X 24380:Social Poisons & Drug Abuse KW - T 2045:Teeth KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21469602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cumulative+Lead+Exposure+and+Tooth+Loss+in+Men%3A+The+Normative+Aging+Study&rft.au=Arora%2C+Manish%3BWeuve%2C+Jennifer%3BWeisskopf%2C+Marc+G%3BSparrow%2C+David%3BNie%2C+Huiling%3BGarcia%2C+Raul+I%3BHu%2C+Howard&rft.aulast=Arora&rft.aufirst=Manish&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900739 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Teeth; Fluorescence; Aging; Patella; biomarkers; Lead; Models; Diabetes mellitus; Tibia; Smoking; Ionizing radiation; Risk factors; Bone loss; Bioindicators; Bone; Age; diabetes mellitus; dentistry; males; teeth; aging; Gastropods (Limpets); Risk; Exposure; X-ray Fluorescence; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900739 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Additional Factors Beyond State-of-the-Art Analytical Methods Are Needed for Optimal Generation and Interpretation of Biomonitoring Data? AN - 21467829; 11866548 AB - Background The routine use of biomonitoring (i.e., measurement of environmental chemicals, their metabolites, or specific reaction products in human biological specimens) to assess internal exposure (i.e., body burden) has gained importance in exposure assessment. Objectives Selection and validation of biomarkers of exposure are critical factors in interpreting biomonitoring data. Moreover, the strong relation between quality of the analytical methods used for biomonitoring and quality of the resulting data is well understood. However, the relevance of collecting, storing, processing, and transporting the samples to the laboratory to the overall biomonitoring process has received limited attention, especially for organic chemicals. Discussion We present examples to illustrate potential sources of unintended contamination of the biological specimen during collection or processing procedures. The examples also highlight the importance of ensuring that the biological specimen analyzed both represents the sample collected for biomonitoring purposes and reflects the exposure of interest. Conclusions Besides using high-quality analytical methods and good laboratory practices for biomonitoring, evaluation of the collection and handling of biological samples should be emphasized, because these procedures can affect the samples integrity and representativeness. Biomonitoring programs would be strengthened with the inclusion of field blanks. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Calafat, Antonia M AU - Needham, Larry L Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1481 EP - 1485 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - BPA KW - contamination KW - DEHP KW - extraction efficiency KW - field blank KW - phthalates KW - Bioindicators KW - Chemicals KW - body burden KW - Metabolites KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21467829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=What+Additional+Factors+Beyond+State-of-the-Art+Analytical+Methods+Are+Needed+for+Optimal+Generation+and+Interpretation+of+Biomonitoring+Data%3F&rft.au=Calafat%2C+Antonia+M%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L&rft.aulast=Calafat&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901108 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Bioindicators; body burden; Metabolites DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901108 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postnatal Cadmium Exposure, Neurodevelopment, and Blood Pressure in Children at 2, 5, and 7 Years of Age AN - 21464908; 11866562 AB - Background Adverse health effects of cadmium in adults are well documented, but little is known about the neuropsychological effects of cadmium in children, and no studies of cadmium and blood pressure in children have been conducted. Objective We examined the potential effects of low-level cadmium exposure on intelligence quotient, neuropsychological functions, behavior, and blood pressure among children, using blood cadmium as a measure of exposure. Methods We used the data from a multicenter randomized clinical trial of lead-exposed children and analyzed blood cadmium concentrations using the whole blood samples collected when children were 2 years of age. We compared neuropsychological and behavioral scores at 2, 5, and 7 years of age by cadmium level and analyzed the relationship between blood cadmium levels at 2 years of age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 2, 5, and 7 years of age. Results The average cadmium concentration of these children was 0.21 I14g/L, lower than for adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), but comparable to concentrations in children & 3 years of age in NHANES. Except for the California Verbal Learning Test for Children, there were no differences in test scores among children in different cadmium categories. For children with detectable pretreatment blood cadmium, after adjusting for a variety of covariates, general linear model analyses showed that at none of the three age points was the coefficient of cadmium on Mental Development Index or IQ statistically significant. Spline regression analysis suggested that behavioral problem scores at 5 and 7 years of age tended to increase with increasing blood cadmium, but the trend was not significant. We found no significant associations between blood cadmium levels and blood pressure. Conclusion We found no significant associations between background blood cadmium levels at 2 years of age and neurodevelopmental end points and blood pressure at 2, 5, and 7 years of age. The neuropsychological or hypertensive effects from longer background exposures to cadmium need further study. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cao, Yang AU - Chen, Aimin AU - Radcliffe, Jerilynn AU - Dietrich, Kim N AU - Jones, Robert L AU - Caldwell, Kathleen AU - Rogan, Walter J AD - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1580 EP - 1586 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - behavior KW - blood pressure KW - cadmium KW - children KW - clinical trial KW - intelligence KW - neurodevelopment KW - Learning KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Statistical analysis KW - clinical trials KW - Children KW - Nutrition KW - Clinical trials KW - Lead KW - Blood pressure KW - Blood levels KW - Intelligence KW - Regression analysis KW - Cadmium KW - USA, California KW - Mental development KW - N3 11001:Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - X 24360:Metals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21464908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Postnatal+Cadmium+Exposure%2C+Neurodevelopment%2C+and+Blood+Pressure+in+Children+at+2%2C+5%2C+and+7+Years+of+Age&rft.au=Cao%2C+Yang%3BChen%2C+Aimin%3BRadcliffe%2C+Jerilynn%3BDietrich%2C+Kim+N%3BJones%2C+Robert+L%3BCaldwell%2C+Kathleen%3BRogan%2C+Walter+J&rft.aulast=Cao&rft.aufirst=Yang&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1580&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900765 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Learning; Data processing; Statistical analysis; Children; Clinical trials; Nutrition; Blood pressure; Lead; Intelligence; Regression analysis; Cadmium; Mental development; blood pressure; clinical trials; intelligence; Blood levels; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900765 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental Changes in PON1 Enzyme Activity in Young Children and Effects of PON1 Polymorphisms AN - 21463906; 11866570 AB - Background Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme that detoxifies activated organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and is also involved in oxidative stress pathways. Objectives PON1 activity in newborns is lower than in adults, but the ontogeny of PON1 activity is poorly characterized in young children. We examined the effects of age and PON1 genotype on enzyme activity in a birth cohort of Mexican-American children. Methods We determined three substrate-specific measures of PON1 activity in 1,143 plasma samples collected longitudinally from 458 children at five time points from birth through 7 years of age, and genotyped PON1 polymorphisms at positions 192 and a108 in these children. Results Contrary to previous reports that PON1 activities plateau by 2 years of age, we observed an age-dependent increase in all three PON1 measures from birth through 7 years of age (p & 0.0001). The PON1 sub(192) genotype significantly modified the effect of age on paraoxonase (POase) activity (p & 0.0001) such that increases in enzyme activity with age were influenced by the number of R alleles in a dose-dependent manner. Children with the PON1 sub(-108CC192RR) diplotype had significantly higher mean PON1 activities and also experienced steeper increases of POase activity over time compared with children with the PON1 sub(-108TT192QQ) diplotype. Conclusions Lower levels of the PON1 enzyme, which is involved in protection against OPs and oxidative stress, persist in young children past 2 years of age through at least 7 years of age. Future policies addressing pesticide exposure in children should take into account that the window of vulnerability to OPs in young children may last beyond infancy. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Huen, Karen AU - Harley, Kim AU - Brooks, Jordan AU - Hubbard, Alan AU - Bradman, Asa AU - Eskenazi, Brenda AU - Holland, Nina Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1632 EP - 1638 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - age KW - children KW - enzymatic assay KW - longitudinal birth cohort KW - organophosphate metabolism KW - oxidative stress KW - paraoxonase KW - pesticides KW - PON1 activity KW - plateaus KW - Age KW - Pesticides KW - enzymatic activity KW - Enzymes KW - vulnerability KW - Genotypes KW - Children KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21463906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Developmental+Changes+in+PON1+Enzyme+Activity+in+Young+Children+and+Effects+of+PON1+Polymorphisms&rft.au=Huen%2C+Karen%3BHarley%2C+Kim%3BBrooks%2C+Jordan%3BHubbard%2C+Alan%3BBradman%2C+Asa%3BEskenazi%2C+Brenda%3BHolland%2C+Nina&rft.aulast=Huen&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1632&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900870 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plateaus; Age; Pesticides; Enzymes; enzymatic activity; vulnerability; Genotypes; Children; oxidative stress DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900870 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diet Contributes Significantly to the Body Burden of PBDEs in the General U.S. Population AN - 21463877; 11866553 AB - Background Exposure of the U.S. population to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is thought to be via exposure to dust and diet. However, little work has been done to empirically link body burdens of these compounds to either route of exposure. Objectives The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the dietary contribution to PBDE body burdens in the United States by linking serum levels to food intake. Methods We used two dietary instrumentsaa 24-hr food recall (24FR) and a 1-year food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)ato examine food intake among participants of the 2003a2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We regressed serum concentrations of five PBDEs (BDE congeners 28, 47, 99, 100, and 153) and their sum (aPBDE) against diet variables while adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and body mass index. Results aPBDE serum concentrations among vegetarians were 23% (p = 0.006) and 27% (p = 0.009) lower than among omnivores for 24FR and 1-year FFQ, respectively. Serum levels of five PBDE congeners were associated with consumption of poultry fat: Low, medium, and high intake corresponded to geometric mean aPBDE concentrations of 40.6, 41.9, and 48.3 ng/g lipid, respectively (p = 0.0005). We observed similar trends for red meat fat, which were statistically significant for BDE-100 and BDE-153. No association was observed between serum PBDEs and consumption of dairy or fish. Results were similar for both dietary instruments but were more robust using 24FR. Conclusions Intake of contaminated poultry and red meat contributes significantly to PBDE body burdens in the United States. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fraser, Alicia J AU - Webster, Thomas F AU - McClean, Michael D Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1520 EP - 1525 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - biomarkers KW - diet KW - exposure KW - NHANES KW - PBDEs KW - Diets KW - Age KW - poultry KW - omnivores KW - Lipids KW - Nutrition KW - Dust KW - USA KW - Dairies KW - polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - body mass KW - income KW - meat KW - body burden KW - Fish KW - Ethnic groups KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21463877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Diet+Contributes+Significantly+to+the+Body+Burden+of+PBDEs+in+the+General+U.S.+Population&rft.au=Fraser%2C+Alicia+J%3BWebster%2C+Thomas+F%3BMcClean%2C+Michael+D&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1520&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900817 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Age; poultry; Lipids; omnivores; Nutrition; Dust; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Dairies; body mass; income; meat; body burden; Fish; Ethnic groups; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900817 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors of Serum Dioxins and PCBs among Peripubertal Russian Boys AN - 21449283; 11866564 AB - Background Although sources and routes of exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been studied, information regarding exposure among children is limited. Breast-feeding and diet are two important contributors to early life exposure. To further understand other significant contributors to childhood exposure, we studied a cohort of children from a city with high environmental dioxin levels. Objectives We investigated predictors of serum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)/co-planar PCBs (C-PCBs), toxic equivalents (TEQs), and PCBs among 8- to 9-year-old boys in Chapaevsk, Russia. Methods We used general linear regression models to explore associations of log sub(10)-transformed serum concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs/C-PCBs, TEQs, and PCBs at study entry with anthropometric, demographic, geographic, and dietary factors in 482 boys in Chapaevsk, Russia. Results The median (25th, 75th percentile) concentration for total 2005 TEQs was 21.1 pg/g lipid (14.4, 33.2). Boys who were older, consumed local foods, were breast-fed longer, and whose mothers were employed at the Khimprom chemical plant (where chlorinated chemicals were produced) or gardened locally had significantly higher serum dioxins and PCBs, whereas boys with higher body mass index or more educated parents had significantly lower serum dioxins and PCBs. Boys who lived & 2 km from Khimprom had higher total TEQs (picograms per gram lipid) [adjusted mean = 30.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 26.8a35.0] than boys who lived > 5 km away (adjusted mean = 18.8; 95% CI, 17.2a20.6). Conclusions Our findings suggest that there are specific local sources of dioxin and PCB exposure among children in Chapaevsk including maternal gardening, consumption of locally grown food, and residential proximity to the Khimprom plant. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Burns, Jane S AU - Williams, Paige L AU - Sergeyev, Oleg AU - Korrick, Susan AU - Lee, Mary M AU - Revich, Boris AU - Altshul, Larisa AU - Patterson, Donald G AU - Turner, Wayman E AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Saharov, Igor AU - Hauser, Russ AD - Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health and Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1593 EP - 1599 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - children KW - diet KW - environment KW - epidemiology KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - polychlorinated dibenzodioxins KW - polychlorinated dibenzofurans KW - Food KW - Lipids KW - Dioxins KW - Models KW - Demography KW - body mass KW - PCDF KW - Regression analysis KW - PCB compounds KW - PCDD KW - PCB KW - Urban areas KW - Diets KW - Polychlorinated dibenzofurans KW - Children KW - Food plants KW - Dibenzo-p-dioxin KW - Russia KW - Chemical plants KW - Body mass index KW - Dioxin KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21449283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Predictors+of+Serum+Dioxins+and+PCBs+among+Peripubertal+Russian+Boys&rft.au=Burns%2C+Jane+S%3BWilliams%2C+Paige+L%3BSergeyev%2C+Oleg%3BKorrick%2C+Susan%3BLee%2C+Mary+M%3BRevich%2C+Boris%3BAltshul%2C+Larisa%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G%3BTurner%2C+Wayman+E%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BSaharov%2C+Igor%3BHauser%2C+Russ&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800223 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Lipids; Food; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; Food plants; Children; Models; Demography; polychlorinated biphenyls; Regression analysis; Dibenzo-p-dioxin; Body mass index; PCB; Dioxin; body mass; PCDF; Chemical plants; PCB compounds; PCDD; Dioxins; Urban areas; Russia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800223 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal Blood Lead Levels and the Risk of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: The EDEN Cohort Study AN - 21449274; 11866554 AB - Background Prior studies revealed associations of environmental lead exposure with risks of hypertension and elevated blood pressure. Objective We examined the effect of blood lead levels on blood pressure and the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods One thousand seventeen pregnant women were enrolled in two French municipalities between 2003 and 2005 for the EDEN (Etude des Determinants pre et post natals du developpement et de la sante de la2 Enfant) cohort study. Blood lead concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in mothers between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. Results PIH was diagnosed in 106 subjects (10.9%). Age, parity, weight gain, alcohol, smoking habits, and calcium supplementation were comparable between hypertensive and nonhypertensive women. Lead levels were significantly higher in PIH cases (mean A- SD, 2.2 A- 1.4 I14g/dL) than in normotensive patients (1.9 A- 1.2 I14g/dL; p = 0.02). Adjustment for potential confounder effects slightly attenuated but did not eliminate the significant association between blood lead levels and the risk of PIH (adjusted odds ratio of PIH = 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1a9.7). We also observed geographic differences in lead exposure and in the incidence of PIH and found significant correlations between blood lead levels and unadjusted as well as adjusted systolic and diastolic blood pressures after 24 weeks of gestation. Conclusions These findings confirm the relationship between blood lead levels at mid-pregnancy and blood pressure and suggest that environmental lead exposure may play an etiologic role in PIH. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yazbeck, Chadi AU - Thiebaugeorges, Olivier AU - Moreau, Thierry AU - Goua, Valerie AU - Debotte, Ginette AU - Sahuquillo, Josiane AU - Forhan, Anne AU - Foliguet, Bernard AU - Magnin, Guillaume AU - Slama, Remy AU - Charles, Marie-Aline AU - Huel, Guy AD - INSERM, U780, IFR69, Villejuif, France Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1526 EP - 1530 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - cadmium KW - environmental health KW - epidemiology KW - gestation KW - hypertension KW - lead KW - manganese KW - parity KW - Age KW - Calcium KW - obesity KW - Lead KW - Blood pressure KW - Supplementation KW - Smoking KW - Gestation KW - Absorption KW - alcohols KW - body weight KW - Parity KW - Alcohol KW - blood pressure KW - Blood levels KW - Pregnancy KW - Spectrometry KW - Hypertension KW - X 24380:Social Poisons & Drug Abuse KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21449274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Maternal+Blood+Lead+Levels+and+the+Risk+of+Pregnancy-Induced+Hypertension%3A+The+EDEN+Cohort+Study&rft.au=Yazbeck%2C+Chadi%3BThiebaugeorges%2C+Olivier%3BMoreau%2C+Thierry%3BGoua%2C+Valerie%3BDebotte%2C+Ginette%3BSahuquillo%2C+Josiane%3BForhan%2C+Anne%3BFoliguet%2C+Bernard%3BMagnin%2C+Guillaume%3BSlama%2C+Remy%3BCharles%2C+Marie-Aline%3BHuel%2C+Guy&rft.aulast=Yazbeck&rft.aufirst=Chadi&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800488 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parity; Smoking; Age; Calcium; Gestation; alcohols; Supplementation; Blood pressure; Lead; Spectrometry; Pregnancy; Hypertension; Alcohol; parity; blood pressure; obesity; Blood levels; hypertension; Absorption; body weight DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800488 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Malaria Control Insecticide Residues in Breast Milk: The Need to Consider Infant Health Risks AN - 21449251; 11866547 AB - Background In many parts of the world, deliberate indoor residual spraying (IRS) of dwellings with insecticides to control malaria transmission remains the only viable option, thereby unintentionally but inevitably also causing exposure to inhabitants. Because mothers are exposed to insecticides via various routes, accumulated residues are transferred to infants via breast milk, in some cases exceeding recommended intake levels. Except for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), safety of residues of other insecticides in breast milk has not been considered during World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) evaluations. However, very little is known of the health risks posed by these chemicals to infants who, in developing countries, breast-feed for up to 2 years. Objective We evaluated the need for WHOPES to include breast milk as a potentially significant route of exposure and risk to infants when evaluating the risks during evaluation of IRS insecticides. Discussion We present evidence showing that neurologic and endocrine effects are associated with pyrethroids and DDT at levels equal or below known levels in breast milk. Conclusions Because millions of people in malaria control areas experience conditions of multiple sources and routes of exposure to any number of insecticides, even though lives are saved through malaria prevention, identification of potential infant health risks associated with insecticide residues in breast milk must be incorporated in WHOPES evaluations and in the development of appropriate risk assessment tools. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bouwman, Hindrik AU - Kylin, Henrik AD - School of Environmental Sciences and Development (Zoology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1477 EP - 1480 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - DDT KW - IRS KW - pyrethroid KW - vector control KW - WHOPES KW - Chemicals KW - Risk assessment KW - Human diseases KW - Breast milk KW - Malaria KW - Spraying KW - Risks KW - Disease transmission KW - Insecticides KW - Neurotransmission KW - prevention KW - Pyrethroids KW - disease transmission KW - Residues KW - Insecticide residues KW - breast milk KW - Health risks KW - Prevention KW - Bioaccumulation KW - malaria KW - Pesticides KW - Developing countries KW - Infants KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - K 03400:Human Diseases KW - X 24320:Food Additives & Contaminants KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21449251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Malaria+Control+Insecticide+Residues+in+Breast+Milk%3A+The+Need+to+Consider+Infant+Health+Risks&rft.au=Bouwman%2C+Hindrik%3BKylin%2C+Henrik&rft.aulast=Bouwman&rft.aufirst=Hindrik&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mathematics+Education+Research+Journal&rft.issn=10332170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Bioaccumulation; Insecticides; Pesticides; DDT; Malaria; Developing countries; Risks; Risk assessment; Neurotransmission; Breast milk; Spraying; Pyrethroids; Infants; Chemicals; Residues; disease transmission; Insecticide residues; Disease transmission; breast milk; Health risks; Prevention; malaria; prevention DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900605 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Childhood Leukemia and Parental Occupational Pesticide Exposure AN - 21442643; 11866551 AB - Objectives We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of childhood leukemia and parental occupational pesticide exposure. Data sources Searches of MEDLINE (1950-2009) and other electronic databases yielded 31 included studies. Data extraction Two authors independently abstracted data and assessed the quality of each study. Data synthesis Random effects models were used to obtain summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There was no overall association between childhood leukemia and any paternal occupational pesticide exposure (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.88-1.34); there were slightly elevated risks in subgroups of studies with low total-quality scores (OR = 1.39; 95% CI, 0.99-1.95), ill-defined exposure time windows (OR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.00-1.85), and exposure information collected after offspring leukemia diagnosis (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.70). Childhood leukemia was associated with prenatal maternal occupational pesticide exposure (OR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.51-2.88); this association was slightly stronger for studies with high exposure-measurement-quality scores (OR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.68-3.58), higher confounder control scores (OR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.56a3.62), and farm-related exposures (OR = 2.44; 95% CI, 1.53-3.89). Childhood leukemia risk was also elevated for prenatal maternal occupational exposure to insecticides (OR = 2.72; 95% CI, 1.47-5.04) and herbicides (OR = 3.62; 95% CI, 1.28-10.3). Conclusions Childhood leukemia was associated with prenatal maternal occupational pesticide exposure in analyses of all studies combined and in several subgroups. Associations with paternal occupational pesticide exposure were weaker and less consistent. Research needs include improved pesticide exposure indices, continued follow-up of existing cohorts, genetic susceptibility assessment, and basic research on childhood leukemia initiation and progression. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wigle, Donald T AU - Turner, Michelle C AU - Krewski, Daniel Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1505 EP - 1513 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - child KW - leukemia KW - meta-analysis KW - occupational exposure KW - pesticides KW - Prenatal experience KW - Models KW - Leukemia KW - Research Priorities KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Insecticides KW - Assessments KW - Exposure KW - Synthesis KW - Occupational exposure KW - offspring KW - Data processing KW - Herbicides KW - Systematics KW - Children KW - Risk KW - Databases KW - prenatal experience KW - Reviews KW - Pesticides KW - Progeny KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - F 06915:Cancer Immunology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21442643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-analysis+of+Childhood+Leukemia+and+Parental+Occupational+Pesticide+Exposure&rft.au=Wigle%2C+Donald+T%3BTurner%2C+Michelle+C%3BKrewski%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Wigle&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900582 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Databases; Leukemia; Insecticides; Prenatal experience; Data processing; Reviews; Pesticides; Herbicides; Progeny; Children; Occupational exposure; Models; prenatal experience; offspring; Risk; Research Priorities; Agricultural Chemicals; Assessments; Exposure; Synthesis; Systematics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900582 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to a Complex Cocktail of Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds Disturbs the Kisspeptin/GPR54 System in Ovine Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland AN - 21437985; 11866559 AB - Background Ubiquitous environmental chemicals, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are associated with declining human reproductive health, as well as an increasing incidence of cancers of the reproductive system. Verifying such links requires animal models exposed to areal-life,a environmentally relevant concentrations/mixtures of EDC, particularly in utero, when sensitivity to EDC exposure is maximal. Objectives We evaluated the effects of maternal exposure to a pollutant cocktail (sewage sludge) on the ovine fetal reproductive neuroendocrine axes, particularly the kisspeptin (KiSS-1)/GPR54 (G-proteinacoupled receptor 54) system. Methods KiSS-1, GPR54, and ERI- (estrogen receptor I-) mRNA expression was quantified in control (C) and treated (T) maternal and fetal (110-day) hypothalami and pituitary glands using semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and colocalization of kisspeptin with LHI2 (luteinizing hormone I2) and ERI- in C and T fetal pituitary glands quantified using dual-labeling immunohistochemistry. Results Fetuses exposed in utero to the EDC mixture showed reduced KiSS-1 mRNA expression across three hypothalamic regions examined (rostral, mid, and caudal) and had fewer kisspetin immunopositive cells colocalized with both LHI2 and ERI- in the pituitary gland. In contrast, treatment had no effect on parameters measured in the adult ewe hypothalamus or pituitary. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the developing fetus is sensitive to real-world mixtures of environmental chemicals, which cause significant neuroendocrine alterations. The important role of kisspeptin/GPR54 in regulating puberty and adult reproduction means that in utero disruption of this system is likely to have long-term consequences in adulthood and represents a novel, additional pathway through which environmental chemicals perturb human reproduction. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bellingham, Michelle AU - Fowler, Paul A AU - Amezaga, Maria R AU - Rhind, Stewart M AU - Cotinot, Corinne AU - Mandon-Pepin, Beatrice AU - Sharpe, Richard M AU - Evans, Neil P AD - Division of Cell Sciences, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1556 EP - 1562 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - environmental chemicals KW - GPR54 KW - hypothalamus KW - kisspeptin KW - pituitary KW - prenatal exposure KW - sheep KW - Chemicals KW - Hypothalamus KW - endocrine disruptors KW - Sewage sludge KW - Endocrine disruptors KW - Animal models KW - Hormones KW - Reproductive system KW - Reverse transcription KW - Gene expression KW - Kiss1 protein KW - Pollutants KW - Pituitary KW - Exposure KW - Luteinizing hormone KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Sensitivity KW - Toxicity KW - Sludge KW - Fetuses KW - Cancer KW - Model Studies KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Reproduction KW - Estrogen receptors KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Wastewater KW - estrogens KW - Puberty KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21437985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+a+Complex+Cocktail+of+Environmental+Endocrine-Disrupting+Compounds+Disturbs+the+Kisspeptin%2FGPR54+System+in+Ovine+Hypothalamus+and+Pituitary+Gland&rft.au=Bellingham%2C+Michelle%3BFowler%2C+Paul+A%3BAmezaga%2C+Maria+R%3BRhind%2C+Stewart+M%3BCotinot%2C+Corinne%3BMandon-Pepin%2C+Beatrice%3BSharpe%2C+Richard+M%3BEvans%2C+Neil+P&rft.aulast=Bellingham&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900699 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hypothalamus; Sewage sludge; Endocrine disruptors; Animal models; Cancer; Fetuses; Reproductive system; Reverse transcription; Gene expression; Kiss1 protein; Pollutants; Pituitary; Luteinizing hormone; Polymerase chain reaction; Reproduction; Immunohistochemistry; Estrogen receptors; Puberty; Chemicals; Sensitivity; endocrine disruptors; Hormones; estrogens; Exposure; Water Pollution Effects; Toxicity; Sludge; Wastewater; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900699 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using National and Local Extant Data to Characterize Environmental Exposures in the National Childrenas Study: Queens County, New York AN - 21437936; 11866550 AB - Objective The National Childrenas Study is a long-term epidemiologic study of 100,000 children from 105 locations across the United States. It will require information on a large number of environmental variables to address its core hypotheses. The resources available to collect actual home and personal exposure samples are limited, with most of the home sampling completed on periodic visits and the personal sampling generally limited to biomonitoring. To fill major data gaps, extant data will be required for each study location. The Queens Vanguard Center has examined the extent of those needs and the types of data that are generally and possibly locally available. Data In this review we identify three levels of dataanational, state and countyaand local data and information sets (levels 1a3, respectively), each with different degrees of availability and completeness, that can be used as a starting point for the extant data collection in each study location over time. We present an example on the use of this tiered approach, to tailor the data needs for Queens County and to provide general guidance for application to other NCS locations. Conclusions Preexisting and continually evolving databases are available for use in the NCS to characterize exposure. The three levels of data we identified will be used to test a method for developing exposure indices for segments and homes during the pilot phase of NCS, as outlined in this article. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lioy, Paul J AU - Isukapalli, Sastry S AU - Trasande, Leonardo AU - Thorpe, Lorna AU - Dellarco, Michael AU - Weisel, Clifford AU - Georgopoulos, Panos G AU - Yung, Christopher AU - Brown, Margot AU - Landrigan, Philip J AD - Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New JerseyaRobert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1494 EP - 1504 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - children KW - environmental measurements KW - EXIS KW - exposure index KW - exposure information system KW - microinventories KW - National Childrenas Study KW - national databases KW - NCS KW - Bioindicators KW - Data collection KW - Data processing KW - Environmental health KW - Data collections KW - Children KW - USA, New York KW - Queens KW - Databases KW - Reviews KW - biomonitoring KW - Sampling KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24300:Methods KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21437936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Using+National+and+Local+Extant+Data+to+Characterize+Environmental+Exposures+in+the+National+Childrenas+Study%3A+Queens+County%2C+New+York&rft.au=Lioy%2C+Paul+J%3BIsukapalli%2C+Sastry+S%3BTrasande%2C+Leonardo%3BThorpe%2C+Lorna%3BDellarco%2C+Michael%3BWeisel%2C+Clifford%3BGeorgopoulos%2C+Panos+G%3BYung%2C+Christopher%3BBrown%2C+Margot%3BLandrigan%2C+Philip+J&rft.aulast=Lioy&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1494&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900623 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Databases; Queens; Data processing; biomonitoring; Data collections; Sampling; Children; Bioindicators; Data collection; Reviews; Environmental health; USA, New York DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900623 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model Development and Validation of Personal Exposure to Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations AN - 21436569; 11866561 AB - Background Direct measurement of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via personal monitoring is the most accurate exposure assessment method available. However, its wide-scale application to evaluating exposures at the population level is prohibitive in terms of both cost and time. Consequently, indirect measurements via a combination of microenvironment concentrations and personal activity diaries represent a potentially useful alternative. Objective The aim of this study was to optimize a model of personal exposures (PEs) based on microenvironment concentrations and time/activity diaries and to compare modeled with measured exposures in an independent data set. Materials VOC PEs and a range of microenvironment concentrations were collected with active samplers and sorbent tubes. Data were supplemented with information collected through questionnaires. Seven models were tested to predict PE to VOCs in 75% (n = 370) of the measured PE data set, whereas the other 25% (n = 120) was used for validation purposes. Results The best model able to predict PE with independence of measurements was based upon stratified microenvironment concentrations, lifestyle factors, and individual-level activities. The proposed model accounts for 40a85% of the variance for individual VOCs and was validated for almost all VOCs, showing normalized mean bias and mean fractional bias below 25% and predicting 60% of the values within a factor of 2. Conclusions The models proposed identify the most important non-weather-related variables for VOC exposures; highlight the effect of personal activities, use of solvents, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on PE levels; and may assist in the development of specific models for other locations. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Delgado-Saborit, Juana Mari AU - Aquilina, Noel J AU - Meddings, Claire AU - Baker, Stephen AU - Harrison, Roy M Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1571 EP - 1579 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - benzene KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - microenvironment KW - model KW - personal exposure KW - time-weighted model KW - validation KW - volatile organic compounds KW - population levels KW - Model Testing KW - Models KW - Sorbents KW - Assessments KW - Exposure KW - Tobacco KW - Population levels KW - Inventories KW - Data processing KW - Solvents KW - Samplers KW - Microenvironment KW - Model Studies KW - Smoke KW - Passive smoking KW - microenvironments KW - Microenvironments KW - Organic Compounds KW - Monitoring KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - X 24380:Social Poisons & Drug Abuse KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21436569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Model+Development+and+Validation+of+Personal+Exposure+to+Volatile+Organic+Compound+Concentrations&rft.au=Delgado-Saborit%2C+Juana+Mari%3BAquilina%2C+Noel+J%3BMeddings%2C+Claire%3BBaker%2C+Stephen%3BHarrison%2C+Roy+M&rft.aulast=Delgado-Saborit&rft.aufirst=Juana&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900561 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoke; Inventories; Data processing; Solvents; Tobacco; volatile organic compounds; Microenvironments; Population levels; Samplers; Models; Sorbents; Passive smoking; population levels; microenvironments; Volatile organic compounds; Assessments; Exposure; Model Testing; Organic Compounds; Monitoring; Microenvironment; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900561 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediagnostic Serum Concentrations of Organochlorine Compounds and Risk of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors AN - 21436535; 11866552 AB - Background Recent findings suggest that exposure to organochlorine (OC) compounds, chlordanes and p,pa2-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,pa2-DDE) in particular, may increase the risk of developing testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Objective To further investigate this question, we conducted a nested caseacontrol study of TGCTs within the Norwegian Janus Serum Bank cohort. Methods The study was conducted among individuals with serum collected between 1972 and 1978. TGCT cases diagnosed through 1999 (n = 49; 27a62 years of age at diagnosis) were identified through linkage to the Norwegian Cancer Registry. Controls (n =51) were matched to cases on region, blood draw year, and age at blood draw. Measurements of 11 OC insecticide compounds and 34 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were performed using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Caseacontrol comparisons of lipid-adjusted analyte concentrations were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tertiles of analyte concentration were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Results TGCT cases had elevated concentrations of p,pa2-DDE (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1 OR (OR sub(T3)) 2.2; 95% CI, 0.7a6.5; p sub(Wilcoxon) = 0.07), oxychlordane (OR sub(T3) 3.2; 95% CI, 0.6a16.8; p sub(Wilcoxon) = 0.05), trans-nonachlor (OR sub(T3) 2.6; 95% CI, 0.7a8.9; p sub(Wilcoxon) = 0.07), and total chlordanes (OR sub(T3) 2.0; 95% CI, 0.6a7.2; p sub(Wilcoxon) = 0.048) compared with controls, although no ORs were statistically significant. Seminoma cases had significantly lower concentrations of PCB congeners 44, 49, and 52 and significantly higher concentrations of PCBs 99, 138, 153, 167, 183, and 195. Conclusions Our study provides additional but qualified evidence supporting an association between exposures to p,pa2-DDE and chlordane compounds, and possibly some PCB congeners, and TGCT risk. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Purdue, Mark P AU - Engel, Lawrence S AU - Langseth, Hilde AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Andersen, Aage AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Rothman, Nathaniel AU - McGlynn, Katherine A AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1514 EP - 1519 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - chlordanes KW - organochlorine compounds KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - p,pa2-dichloro-diphenyldichloroethylene KW - testicular germ cell tumors KW - Age KW - Insecticides KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Janus KW - Gas chromatography KW - Chlordane KW - Mass spectrometry KW - tumors KW - Norway KW - PCB compounds KW - Cancer KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21436535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Prediagnostic+Serum+Concentrations+of+Organochlorine+Compounds+and+Risk+of+Testicular+Germ+Cell+Tumors&rft.au=Purdue%2C+Mark+P%3BEngel%2C+Lawrence+S%3BLangseth%2C+Hilde%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BAndersen%2C+Aage%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B%3BBlair%2C+Aaron%3BRothman%2C+Nathaniel%3BMcGlynn%2C+Katherine+A&rft.aulast=Purdue&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800359 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Organochlorine compounds; Insecticides; Gas chromatography; Chlordane; Mass spectrometry; tumors; PCB compounds; Cancer; Janus; Norway DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800359 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations of human electroencephalographic activity caused by multiple extremely low frequency magnetic field exposures AN - 21300818; 11890928 AB - In the past, many studies have claimed that extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (MF) exposures could alter the human electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. This study aims at extending our ELF pilot study to investigate whether MF exposures at ELF in series from 50, 16.66, 13, 10, 8.33 to 4Hz could alter relative power within the corresponding EEG bands. 33 human subjects were tested under a double-blind and counter-balanced conditions. The multiple repeated three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) mixed design (within and between-subject) analysis was employed followed by post-hoc t-tests and Bonferroni alpha-correction. The results from this study have shown that narrow alpha1 (7.5-9.5Hz) and alpha2 (9-11Hz) bands, associated with 8.33 and 10 Hz MF exposures, were significantly (p<0.0005) lower than control over the temporal and parietal regions within the 10-16min of first MF exposure session and the MF exposures were significantly higher than control of the second session MF exposure (60-65min from the commencement of testing). Also, it was found that the beta1 (12-14Hz) band exhibited a significant increase from before to after 13-Hz first MF exposure session at frontal region. The final outcome of our result has shown that it is possible to alter the human EEG activity of alpha and beta bands when exposed to MF at frequencies corresponding to those same bands, depending on the order and period of MF conditions. This type of EEG synchronisation of driving alpha and beta EEG by alpha and beta sinusoidal MF stimulation, demonstrated in this study, could possibly be applied as therapeutic treatment(s) of particular neurophysiological abnormalities such as sleep and psychiatric disorders. JF - Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing AU - Cvetkovic, Dean AU - Cosic, Irena AD - Science, Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, 376-392 Swanston Street, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia, dean.cvetkovic@rmit.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1063 EP - 1073 PB - Institution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Pl. London WC2R 0BL UK VL - 47 IS - 10 SN - 0140-0118, 0140-0118 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Magnetic fields KW - Mental disorders KW - Low frequency KW - Sleep KW - EEG KW - N3 11002:Computational & theoretical neuroscience KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21300818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mathematics+Education+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Mathematics+Anxiety+in+Preservice+Teachers%3A+Its+Relationship+to+Their+Conceptual+and+Procedural+Knowledge+of+Fractions&rft.au=Rayner%2C+Vanessa%3BPitsolantis%2C+Nicole%3BOsana%2C+Helena&rft.aulast=Rayner&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mathematics+Education+Research+Journal&rft.issn=10332170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EEG; Low frequency; Magnetic fields; Sleep; Mental disorders DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-009-0525-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EEG inter/intra-hemispheric coherence and asymmetric responses to visual stimulations AN - 21279456; 11890924 AB - This study has attempted to increase the meaning and significance of findings in the experimental areas of electroencephalographic (EEG) visual or photic driving. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the visual stimulation at particular extremely low frequency order could possibly induce changes in the corresponding EEG frequency bands by examining the functional connectedness between brain regions. This was evaluated by applying the improved experimental protocol and objective using non-parametric spectral estimation coherence algorithm. The findings from our study revealed a significantly higher coherence in the EEG beta2 band (16.6Hz) corresponding to 16.66Hz visual stimulation, suggesting a high inter-hemispheric functional connectivity during visual stimulus. A significant increase was revealed during 50Hz visual stimulation at gamma band and a decrease during 4Hz visual stimulation at theta band, linked with a substantial transitional shift in predominance from anterior to posterior relative power. This study may also increase the awareness of EEG visual driving response studies in clinical practice to uncover potential neurophysiologic abnormalities. JF - Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing AU - Cvetkovic, Dean AU - Cosic, Irena AD - School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, 376-392 Swanston Street, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia, dean.cvetkovic@rmit.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1023 EP - 1034 PB - Institution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Pl. London WC2R 0BL UK VL - 47 IS - 10 SN - 0140-0118, 0140-0118 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Neural networks KW - Brain KW - Algorithms KW - Visual stimuli KW - Low frequency KW - Visual perception KW - EEG KW - N3 11002:Computational & theoretical neuroscience KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21279456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+%26+Biological+Engineering+%26+Computing&rft.atitle=EEG+inter%2Fintra-hemispheric+coherence+and+asymmetric+responses+to+visual+stimulations&rft.au=Cvetkovic%2C+Dean%3BCosic%2C+Irena&rft.aulast=Cvetkovic&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1023&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+%26+Biological+Engineering+%26+Computing&rft.issn=01400118&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11517-009-0499-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EEG; Visual stimuli; Visual perception; Algorithms; Low frequency; Brain; Neural networks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-009-0499-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using MODIS Images and TRMM Data to Correlate Rainfall Peaks and Water Discharges from the Lebanese Coastal Rivers AN - 21094096; 11190311 AB - Water flows from rivers into the sea (plumes) is a common phenomenon in many coastal zones. The hydrologic behavior of plumes differs from one river to another depending on rainfall rate and intensity, as well as it is influenced by the hydrologic characteristics of river basin. In order to investigate the precipitation regime in a drainage basin versus the flow into the sea, sequential data must be available. Remotely sensed data can fulfill this scope, thus it can provide climatic and hydrologic data. The scope of this study is to monitor the behavior of water input in the catchments versus the output from rivers in the Lebanese coastal zone using remote sensing data. For this purpose, TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Mapping Mission) data and MODIS satellite images were used. Hence, rainfall data from TRMM was compared with the areal extent of water plumes from rivers. This enables establishing interpolation between water input/output for each river basin. In addition, the lag time and residence time of plumes into the sea can be measured and compared between the issuing rivers. The extracted data from remote sensing was compared with terrain measures and shows its reliability and accordance. The used approach proved to be creditable, non-invasive and cost effective and can be applied to other costal river basins. JF - Journal of Water Resource and Protection AU - Shaban, A AU - Robinson, C AU - El-Baz, F AD - CRS, National Council for Scientific Research, P. O. Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon, geoamin@gmail.com Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 227 EP - 236 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1945-3094, 1945-3094 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Catchment area KW - River Basins KW - Rainfall data KW - Residence time KW - Rainfall KW - Remote sensing KW - Water resources KW - Hydrologic data KW - Freshwater KW - Catchment basins KW - MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) KW - Precipitation regime KW - Plumes KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Rivers KW - Satellite Technology KW - Drainage KW - Catchment Areas KW - Climate KW - River discharge KW - River basins KW - Interpolation KW - Stream flow KW - Satellite data KW - Coastal zone KW - Behavior KW - Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 556.18:Water Management (556.18) KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21094096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Resource+and+Protection&rft.atitle=Using+MODIS+Images+and+TRMM+Data+to+Correlate+Rainfall+Peaks+and+Water+Discharges+from+the+Lebanese+Coastal+Rivers&rft.au=Shaban%2C+A%3BRobinson%2C+C%3BEl-Baz%2C+F&rft.aulast=Shaban&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Resource+and+Protection&rft.issn=19453094&rft_id=info:doi/10.4236%2Fjwarp.2009.14028 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Coastal zone; Residence time; Climate; Remote sensing; River discharge; Water resources; River basins; Stream flow; Rivers; Satellite data; Catchment basins; Rainfall data; Drainage; Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); Hydrologic data; MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer); Precipitation regime; Interpolation; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; River Basins; Behavior; Rainfall; Catchment Areas; Hydrologic Data; Plumes; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2009.14028 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strain competition and agar affect the interaction of rhizobia with rice AN - 21079157; 11221881 AB - Competition assays with Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 and its GFP-labelled pSymA cured and deleted derivatives, SmA818 and SmA146, demonstrated that Sm1021 could still inhibit rice seedling growth even when outnumbered by a large excess of the noninhibitory cured or deleted strain. The wild-type strain Sm1021 also inhibited the growth of its noninhibitory pSymA-cured strain SmA818(gfp) and its pSymA-deleted strain SmA146(gfp) in a manner suggesting that Sm1021 produced a bacteriocin-like substance. The production of, and resistance to, this substance seemed to be pSymA-associated, but it was not the cause of killing in competition experiments on rice, suggesting that the killing of SmA818(gfp) and SmA146(gfp) was medium dependent. The addition of agar in liquid F10 medium at concentrations ,0.4% (m/v) abolished the rice growth inhibition of strain Sm1021 and Sm1021(gfp). The increased medium viscosity at higher agar concentrations decreased the diffusion of gases and small molecules through the media. Thus, the low agar concentrations may mimic waterlogged soil conditions leading to the production of inhibitory compounds by the bacterial strains under microaerobic conditions.Original Abstract: Des tests de competition realises avec Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 et ses derives SmA818 et SmA146 marques a la GFP, respectivement cure du plasmide pSymA et dont le plasmide a ete supprime, ont demontre que Sm1021 peut encore inhiber la croissance de plantules de riz meme s'il est surpasse en nombre par un grand exces de cellules non inhibitrices des souches curees ou deficientes. La souche sauvage Sm1021 inhibe aussi la croissance de la souche non inhibitrice, curee du plasmide pSymA SmA818(gfp) et de la souche deficiente en pSymA SmA146(gfp) d'une maniere suggerant que Sm1021 produit une substance de type bacteriocine. La production et la resistance a cette substance semble est abalit associees a pSymA, mais ce dernier n'est pas responsable de la mort lors d'experiences de competition sur le riz, ce qui suggere que la mort de SmA818(gfp) et de SmA146(gfp) etait dependante du milieu. L'ajout d'agar dans le milieu F10 a des concentrations inferieures ou egales a 0.4 % (p/v) abolissait l'inhibition de la croissance du riz par les souches Sm1021 et Sm1021(gfp). L'augmentation de la viscosite du milieu a de plus fortes concentrations d'agar peut avoir diminue la diffusion des gaz et des petites molecules a travers le milieu. Ainsi, de faibles concentrations d'agar peuvent mimer des conditions de sol detrempe, permettant la production de composes inhibiteurs par les souches bacteriennes en conditions micro-aerobies. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Perrine-Walker, Francine M AU - Hynes, Michael F AU - Rolfe, Barry G AU - Hocart, Charles H AD - ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Genomics Interaction Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, GPO Box 475, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia., Charles.Hocart@anu.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1217 EP - 1223 PB - NRC Research Press VL - 55 IS - 10 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Sinorhizobium KW - infection KW - strain competition KW - rice growth inhibition KW - non-legumes KW - plasmid association KW - competition entre les souches KW - inhibition de la croissance du riz KW - non legumineuses KW - association de plasmides KW - Bacteria KW - Agar KW - Aquatic plants KW - Oryza sativa KW - Sinorhizobium meliloti KW - Metabolites KW - Strains KW - Soil KW - Growth KW - Gases KW - Viscosity KW - Microbiology KW - Diffusion KW - Seedlings KW - Competition KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21079157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=Strain+competition+and+agar+affect+the+interaction+of+rhizobia+with+rice&rft.au=Perrine-Walker%2C+Francine+M%3BHynes%2C+Michael+F%3BRolfe%2C+Barry+G%3BHocart%2C+Charles+H&rft.aulast=Perrine-Walker&rft.aufirst=Francine&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FW09-077 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agar; Growth; Microbiology; Aquatic plants; Metabolites; Strains; Soil; Viscosity; Gases; Seedlings; Diffusion; Competition; Bacteria; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Oryza sativa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/W09-077 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Human G93A-Superoxide Dismutase-1 Mutation, Mitochondrial Glutathione and Apoptotic Cell Death AN - 20937956; 10990177 AB - Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase are a cause of motor neuron death in about 20% of cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although the molecular mechanism of which these mutations induce motor neuron cell death is to a large extent unknown, there is significant evidence that effects on mitochondrial function and development of oxidative stress make a major contribution to the selective death of motor neurons in this disease. In this overview article we review the current understanding of mutant SOD1-mediated motor neuron degeneration in ALS with focus on oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. We also present novel information on the role of mitochondrial glutathione for the survival of NSC-34 cells stably transfected with the human SOD1 super(G93A) mutation, putting forward the hypothesis that this antioxidant pool provides a potentially useful target for therapeutic intervention. JF - Neurochemical Research AU - Muyderman, H AU - Hutson, P G AU - Matusica, D AU - Rogers, M-L AU - Rush, R A AD - Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia, hakan.muyderman@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 1847 EP - 1856 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 34 IS - 10 SN - 0364-3190, 0364-3190 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Cell survival KW - Molecular modelling KW - Antioxidants KW - Apoptosis KW - Glutathione KW - Mitochondria KW - Therapeutic applications KW - Motor neurons KW - Cell death KW - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis KW - Oxidative stress KW - Superoxide dismutase KW - Reviews KW - Zinc KW - Degeneration KW - Mutation KW - N3 11008:Neurochemistry KW - X 24360:Metals KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20937956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurochemical+Research&rft.atitle=The+Human+G93A-Superoxide+Dismutase-1+Mutation%2C+Mitochondrial+Glutathione+and+Apoptotic+Cell+Death&rft.au=Muyderman%2C+H%3BHutson%2C+P+G%3BMatusica%2C+D%3BRogers%2C+M-L%3BRush%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Muyderman&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1847&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurochemical+Research&rft.issn=03643190&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11064-009-9974-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cell survival; Molecular modelling; Apoptosis; Antioxidants; Glutathione; Therapeutic applications; Mitochondria; Motor neurons; Cell death; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Superoxide dismutase; Oxidative stress; Reviews; Zinc; Degeneration; Mutation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-009-9974-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in middle- and upper-level tropospheric humidity from NCEP reanalysis data AN - 20931963; 10991198 AB - The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data on tropospheric humidity are examined for the period 1973 to 2007. It is accepted that radiosonde-derived humidity data must be treated with great caution, particularly at altitudes above the 500hPa pressure level. With that caveat, the face-value 35-year trend in zonal-average annual-average specific humidity q is significantly negative at all altitudes above 850hPa (roughly the top of the convective boundary layer) in the tropics and southern midlatitudes and at altitudes above 600hPa in the northern midlatitudes. It is significantly positive below 850hPa in all three zones, as might be expected in a mixed layer with rising temperatures over a moist surface. The results are qualitatively consistent with trends in NCEP atmospheric temperatures (which must also be treated with great caution) that show an increase in the stability of the convective boundary layer as the global temperature has risen over the period. The upper-level negative trends in q are inconsistent with climate-model calculations and are largely (but not completely) inconsistent with satellite data. Water vapor feedback in climate models is positive mainly because of their roughly constant relative humidity (i.e., increasing q) in the mid-to-upper troposphere as the planet warms. Negative trends in q as found in the NCEP data would imply that long-term water vapor feedback is negative-that it would reduce rather than amplify the response of the climate system to external forcing such as that from increasing atmospheric CO sub(2). In this context, it is important to establish what (if any) aspects of the observed trends survive detailed examination of the impact of past changes of radiosonde instrumentation and protocol within the various international networks. JF - Theoretical and Applied Climatology AU - Paltridge, Garth AU - Arking, Albert AU - Pook, Michael AD - Environmental Biology Group, RSBS, Australian National University, GPO Box 475, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia, paltridge@iinet.net.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 351 EP - 359 PB - Springer-Verlag, Sachsenplatz 4-6 Vienna A-1201 Austria VL - 98 IS - 3-4 SN - 0177-798X, 0177-798X KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Specific humidity KW - Relative humidity KW - Water Vapor KW - Global temperatures KW - Boundary Layers KW - Data reanalysis KW - Relative Humidity KW - Altitude KW - Applied climatology KW - Climatology KW - Tropospheric humidity KW - Climate models KW - Water vapor in the atmosphere KW - Mixed layer KW - Climates KW - Temperature KW - Convective boundary layer KW - Humidity KW - Troposphere KW - Satellite data KW - Boundary layers KW - Atmospheric forcing KW - Temperature trends KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Q2 09387:Navigation KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - M2 551.581:Latitudinal Influences (551.581) KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - O 2050:Chemical Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20931963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Climatology&rft.atitle=Trends+in+middle-+and+upper-level+tropospheric+humidity+from+NCEP+reanalysis+data&rft.au=Paltridge%2C+Garth%3BArking%2C+Albert%3BPook%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Paltridge&rft.aufirst=Garth&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Climatology&rft.issn=0177798X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00704-009-0117-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Relative humidity; Specific humidity; Mixed layer; Boundary layers; Atmospheric forcing; Troposphere; Humidity; Climatology; Carbon dioxide; Satellite data; Applied climatology; Climate models; Global temperatures; Water vapor in the atmosphere; Convective boundary layer; Temperature trends; Tropospheric humidity; Data reanalysis; Prediction; Water Vapor; Altitude; Climates; Boundary Layers; Temperature; Relative Humidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-009-0117-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increase in particle number emissions from motor vehicles due to interruption of steady traffic flow AN - 20792176; 10853133 AB - We assess the increase in particle number emissions from motor vehicles driving at steady speed when forced to stop and accelerate from rest. Considering the example of a signalized pedestrian crossing on a two-way single-lane urban road, we use a complex line source method to calculate the total emissions produced by a specific number and mix of light petrol cars and diesel passenger buses and show that the total emissions during a red light is significantly higher than during the time when the light remains green. Replacing two cars with one bus increased the emissions by over an order of magnitude. JF - Transportation Research, Part D: Transport and Environment AU - Jayaratne, E R AU - Wang, L AU - Heuff, D AU - Morawska, L AU - Ferreira, L AD - Queensland University of Technology, G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia, l.morawska@qut.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 521 EP - 526 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 14 IS - 7 SN - 1361-9209, 1361-9209 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - buses KW - Transportation KW - driving ability KW - Motor vehicles KW - Emissions KW - pedestrians KW - Particulates KW - Flow rates KW - ENA 11:Non-Renewable Resources KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20792176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transportation+Research%2C+Part+D%3A+Transport+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Increase+in+particle+number+emissions+from+motor+vehicles+due+to+interruption+of+steady+traffic+flow&rft.au=Jayaratne%2C+E+R%3BWang%2C+L%3BHeuff%2C+D%3BMorawska%2C+L%3BFerreira%2C+L&rft.aulast=Jayaratne&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transportation+Research%2C+Part+D%3A+Transport+and+Environment&rft.issn=13619209&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.trd.2009.07.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - buses; Transportation; driving ability; Motor vehicles; pedestrians; Emissions; Particulates; Flow rates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2009.07.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing of small and linear features: Quantifying the effects of patch size and length, grid position and detectability on land cover mapping AN - 20760875; 10272713 AB - The accurate mapping of small, often fragmented and linear vegetation patches is of key importance for natural resource management because of their ecological significance. However, due to their small size and the quantised nature of remote sensing imagery they may be under-represented in the landscape when mapped using earth observation. This paper investigates the effect of patch area and patch elongation on the accurate mapping of these vegetation patches. Using synthetic images to simulate sub-pixel patch location, we investigated classification accuracy and extraction probability resulting from differences in the geometric properties of the raster grid and the feature alone. We simulated the effect of grid position, detectability, feature size and shape on classification. This represents the highest achievable accuracy using the remote sensing raster grid, where other factors influencing classification such as classification algorithm, radiometric calibration and sensor characteristics are excluded. We found that mapping error was highest when the scale of the feature and the raster grid coincided. We showed that the spatial resolution of the grid should be many times finer in order to extract these features accurately. For square patches with a mean classification accuracy of 75%, the grid pixel area was 11 times smaller than patch size. When patches were small and/or elongated, the probability of extraction was reduced, mapping accuracies decreased and variability in accuracy due to the effects of grid position increased. For example, a square shaped patch needed an area of at least 11 pixels to achieve a mean accuracy of 75%, whilst a linear patch with a width to length ratio of 4 needed an area of 12.3 pixels. This paper quantifies the limitations of remote sensing for the accurate detection of small and linear features and provides guidelines on the appropriate spatial resolution required to map these features. Using our results, map users can estimate the probability of a map classifying small and linear features independently of the error matrix. Furthermore, we provide a more precise estimate of the size of the smallest discernable feature taking into account the random position of the remote sensing grid with respect to the feature as well as its shape. An understanding of this phenomenon is critical for making good land management decisions based on a thorough understanding of the limitations of remote sensing data. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Lechner, A M AU - Stein, A AU - Jones, S D AU - Ferwerda, J G AD - School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, GPO Box 2476V Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia, alex.lechner@rmit.edu.au Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - 2194 EP - 2204 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 113 IS - 10 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Data processing KW - Land management KW - Sensors KW - Landscape KW - Remote sensing KW - Vegetation KW - spatial discrimination KW - natural resources management KW - Elongation KW - Classification KW - guidelines KW - classification KW - Mapping KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20760875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+of+small+and+linear+features%3A+Quantifying+the+effects+of+patch+size+and+length%2C+grid+position+and+detectability+on+land+cover+mapping&rft.au=Lechner%2C+A+M%3BStein%2C+A%3BJones%2C+S+D%3BFerwerda%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Lechner&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2009.06.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elongation; Resource management; Data processing; Classification; Remote sensing; Vegetation; spatial discrimination; Mapping; Sensors; Land management; guidelines; Landscape; classification; natural resources management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of Traffic-Related Air Pollution with Childrenas Neurobehavioral Functions in Quanzhou, China AN - 1677992709; 11866567 AB - Background With the increase of motor vehicles, ambient air pollution related to traffic exhaust has become an important environmental issue in China. Because of their fast growth and development, children are more susceptible to ambient air pollution exposure. Many chemicals from traffic exhaust, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead, have been reported to show adverse effects on neurobehavioral functions. Several studies in China have suggested that traffic exhaust might affect neurobehavioral functions of adults who have occupational traffic exhaust exposure. However, few data have been reported on the effects on neurobehavioral function in children. Objectives The objective of this study was to explore the association between traffic-related air pollution exposure and its effects on neurobehavioral function in children. Methods This field study was conducted in Quanzhou, China, where two primary schools were chosen based on traffic density and monitoring data of ambient air pollutants. School A was located in a clear area and school B in a polluted area. We monitored NO sub(2) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter aO 10 I14m as indicators for traffic-related air pollution on the campuses and in classrooms for 2 consecutive days in May 2005. The children from second grade (8a9 years of age) and third grade (9a10 years of age) of the two schools (n = 928) participated in a questionnaire survey and manual-assisted neurobehavioral testing. We selected 282 third-grade children (school A, 136; school B, 146) to participate in computer-assisted neurobehavioral testing. We conducted the fieldwork between May and June 2005. We used data from 861 participants (school A, 431; school B, 430) with manual neurobehavioral testing and from all participants with computerized testing for data analyses. Results Media concentrations of NO sub(2) in school A and school B campus were 7 I14g/m super(3) and 36 I14g/m super(3), respectively (p & 0.05). The ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that, after controlling the potential confounding factors, participants living in the polluted area showed poor performance on all testing; differences in results for six of nine tests (66.7%) achieved statistical significance: Visual Simple Reaction Time with preferred hand and with nonpreferred hand, Continuous Performance, Digit Symbol, Pursuit Aiming, and Sign Register. Conclusion We found a significant relationship between chronic low-level traffic-related air pollution exposure and neurobehavioral function in exposed children. More studies are needed to explore the effects of traffic exhaust on neurobehavioral function and development. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wang, Shunqin AU - Zhang, Jinliang AU - Zeng, Xiaodong AU - Zeng, Yimin AU - Wang, Shengchun AU - Chen, Shuyun AD - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, Peopleas Republic of China Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1612 EP - 1618 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - air pollution KW - children KW - health effects KW - neurobehavioral functions KW - traffic-related air pollution KW - Nitrogen dioxide KW - Air pollution KW - Mathematical models KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic engineering KW - Children KW - Exhaust KW - Mathematical analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677992709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Association+of+Traffic-Related+Air+Pollution+with+Childrenas+Neurobehavioral+Functions+in+Quanzhou%2C+China&rft.au=Wang%2C+Shunqin%3BZhang%2C+Jinliang%3BZeng%2C+Xiaodong%3BZeng%2C+Yimin%3BWang%2C+Shengchun%3BChen%2C+Shuyun&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Shunqin&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800023 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in the Prenatal Period and Subsequent Neurodevelopment in Eastern Slovakia AN - 1677990552; 11866565 AB - Background Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs), unlike PCBs, are in general readily excreted yet are still detected in humans and animals. Active transport of OH-PCBs across the placenta and hydroxylation of PCBs by the fetus suggest the potential for greater impact on the fetus compared with the parent PCB compounds, but little is known about their health effects, particularly in humans. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between prenatal OH-PCB exposure and neurodevelopment in children at 16 months of age in eastern Slovakia. Methods A birth cohort (n = 1,134) was enrolled during 2002-2004. We analyzed six OH-PCB metabolites (4-OH-CB-107, 3-OH-CB-153, 4-OH-CB-146, 3-2-OH-CB-138, 4-OH-CB-187, and 4-2-OH-CB-172) in a subset of the cohort. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to the children at the 16-month follow-up visit. We developed multiple linear regression models predicting standardized scores for the Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) from maternal (n = 147) and cord (n = 80) serum OH-PCB concentrations, adjusting for sex of child, district, HOME (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment) score, and maternal score on Ravenas Progressive Matrices. Results Cord 4-OH-CB-107 was significantly associated with lower MDI (I2 = -2.27; p = 0.01) and PDI (I2 = -4.50; p = 0.004). Also, maternal 4-OH-CB-107 was significantly associated with lower MDI (I2 = -1.76; p = 0.03) but not PDI. No other OH-PCB metabolites were associated with decreased PDI or MDI. Conclusions Our findings showed a significant association of 4-OH-CB-107 with decreased MDI, which can possibly be mediated by endocrine disruption, altered neurotransmitter functions, or reduced thyroid hormone concentrations in brain. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Park, Hye-Youn AU - Park, June-Soo AU - Sovcikova, Eva AU - Kocan, Anton AU - Linderholm, Linda AU - Bergman, Ake AU - Trnovec, Tomas AU - Hertz-Picciotto, Irva AD - Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaaDavis, Davis, California, USA Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1600 EP - 1606 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Bayley Scales of Infant Development KW - hydroxylated PCBs KW - Slovakia KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Mathematical models KW - Rope KW - Human KW - Metabolites KW - Health KW - MDI KW - Children UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677990552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+Hydroxylated+Polychlorinated+Biphenyls+%28OH-PCBs%29+in+the+Prenatal+Period+and+Subsequent+Neurodevelopment+in+Eastern+Slovakia&rft.au=Park%2C+Hye-Youn%3BPark%2C+June-Soo%3BSovcikova%2C+Eva%3BKocan%2C+Anton%3BLinderholm%2C+Linda%3BBergman%2C+Ake%3BTrnovec%2C+Tomas%3BHertz-Picciotto%2C+Irva&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Hye-Youn&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1600&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900611 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900611 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass Lead Intoxication from Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Recycling in Dakar, Senegal AN - 1677990095; 11866556 AB - Background and objectives Between November 2007 and March 2008, 18 children died from a rapidly progressive central nervous system disease of unexplained origin in a community involved in the recycling of used lead-acid batteries (ULAB) in the suburbs of Dakar, Senegal. We investigated the cause of these deaths. Methods Because autopsies were not possible, the investigation centered on clinical and laboratory assessments performed on 32 siblings of deceased children and 23 mothers and on 18 children and 8 adults living in the same area, complemented by environmental health investigations. Results All 81 individuals investigated were poisoned with lead, some of them severely. The blood lead level of the 50 children tested ranged from 39.8 to 613.9 I14g/dL with a mean of 129.5 I14g/dL. Seventeen children showed severe neurologic features of toxicity. Homes and soil in surrounding areas were heavily contaminated with lead (indoors, up to 14,000 mg/kg; outdoors, up to 302,000 mg/kg) as a result of informal ULAB recycling. Conclusions Our investigations revealed a mass lead intoxication that occurred through inhalation and ingestion of soil and dust heavily contaminated with lead as a result of informal and unsafe ULAB recycling. Circumstantial evidence suggested that most or all of the 18 deaths were due to encephalopathy resulting from severe lead intoxication. Findings also suggest that most habitants of the contaminated area, estimated at 950, are also likely to be poisoned. This highlights the severe health risks posed by informal ULAB recycling, in particular in developing countries, and emphasizes the need to strengthen national and international efforts to address this global public health problem. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Haefliger, Pascal AU - Mathieu-Nolf, Monique AU - Lociciro, Stephanie AU - Ndiaye, Cheikh AU - Coly, Malang AU - Diouf, Amadou AU - Faye, Absa Lam AU - Sow, Aminata AU - Tempowski, Joanna AU - Pronczuk, Jenny AU - Junior, Antonio Pedro Filipe AU - Bertollini, Roberto AU - Neira, Maria AD - Department of Public Health and Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1535 EP - 1540 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - battery KW - children KW - intoxication KW - lead KW - poisoning KW - recycling KW - ULAB KW - Intoxication KW - Soil (material) KW - Contamination KW - Electric batteries KW - Battery KW - Health KW - Recycling KW - Children UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677990095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mass+Lead+Intoxication+from+Informal+Used+Lead-Acid+Battery+Recycling+in+Dakar%2C+Senegal&rft.au=Haefliger%2C+Pascal%3BMathieu-Nolf%2C+Monique%3BLociciro%2C+Stephanie%3BNdiaye%2C+Cheikh%3BColy%2C+Malang%3BDiouf%2C+Amadou%3BFaye%2C+Absa+Lam%3BSow%2C+Aminata%3BTempowski%2C+Joanna%3BPronczuk%2C+Jenny%3BJunior%2C+Antonio+Pedro+Filipe%3BBertollini%2C+Roberto%3BNeira%2C+Maria&rft.aulast=Haefliger&rft.aufirst=Pascal&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900696 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900696 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for Dose-Additive Effects of Pyrethroids on Motor Activity in Rats AN - 1677990072; 11866560 AB - Background Pyrethroids are neurotoxic insecticides used in a variety of indoor and outdoor applications. Previous research characterized the acute doseaeffect functions for 11 pyrethroids administered orally in corn oil (1 mL/kg) based on assessment of motor activity. Objectives We used a mixture of these 11 pyrethroids and the same testing paradigm used in single-compound assays to test the hypothesis that cumulative neurotoxic effects of pyrethroid mixtures can be predicted using the default dose addition theory. Methods Mixing ratios of the 11 pyrethroids in the tested mixture were based on the ED30 (effective dose that produces a 30% decrease in response) of the individual chemical (i.e., the mixture comprised equipotent amounts of each pyrethroid). The highest concentration of each individual chemical in the mixture was less than the threshold for inducing behavioral effects. Adult male rats received acute oral exposure to corn oil (control) or dilutions of the stock mixture solution. The mixture of 11 pyrethroids was administered either simultaneously (2 hr before testing) or after a sequence based on times of peak effect for the individual chemicals (4, 2, and 1 hr before testing). A threshold additivity model was fit to the single-chemical data to predict the theoretical doseaeffect relationship for the mixture under the assumption of dose additivity. Results When subthreshold doses of individual chemicals were combined in the mixtures, we found significant dose-related decreases in motor activity. Further, we found no departure from the predicted dose-additive curve regardless of the mixture dosing protocol used. Conclusion In this article we present the first in vivo evidence on pyrethroid cumulative effects supporting the default assumption of dose addition. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wolansky, Marcelo J AU - Gennings, Chris AU - DeVito, Michael J AU - Crofton, Kevin M AD - Departamento de QuASHmica BiolA3gica (Area ToxicologASHa), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1563 EP - 1570 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - additivity KW - cumulative KW - mixtures KW - neurotoxicity KW - pyrethroids KW - Rats KW - Mathematical models KW - Insecticides KW - Assessments KW - Corn oil KW - Adults KW - Thresholds KW - Motors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677990072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+Dose-Additive+Effects+of+Pyrethroids+on+Motor+Activity+in+Rats&rft.au=Wolansky%2C+Marcelo+J%3BGennings%2C+Chris%3BDeVito%2C+Michael+J%3BCrofton%2C+Kevin+M&rft.aulast=Wolansky&rft.aufirst=Marcelo&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900667 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900667 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do Human Milk Concentrations of Persistent Organic Chemicals Really Decline During Lactation? Chemical Concentrations During Lactation and Milk/Serum Partitioning AN - 1677986044; 11866569 AB - Background Conventional wisdom regarding exposures to persistent organic chemicals via breast-feeding assumes that concentrations decline over the course of lactation and that the motheras body burden reflects her cumulative lifetime exposure. Two important implications stemming from these lines of thought are, first, that assessments of early childhood exposures should incorporate decreasing breast milk concentrations over lactation; and, second, that there is little a breast-feeding mother can do to reduce her infantas exposures via breast-feeding because of the cumulative nature of these chemicals. Objectives We examined rates of elimination and milk/serum partition coefficients for several groups of persistent organic chemicals. Methods We collected simultaneous milk and blood samples of 10 women at two times postpartum and additional milk samples without matching blood samples. Results Contrary to earlier research, we found that lipid-adjusted concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans, and organochlorine pesticides in serum and milk do not consistently decrease during lactation and can increase for some women. Published research has also suggested an approximate 1:1 milk/serum relationship (lipid adjusted) on a population basis for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; however, our results suggest a more complex relationship for persistent, lipophilic chemicals with the milk/serum relationship dependent on chemical class. Conclusions Decreases in concentration of lipophilic chemicals on a lipid-adjusted basis during lactation should no longer be assumed. Thus, the concept of pumping and discarding early milk as means of reducing infant exposure is not supported. The hypothesis that persistent lipophilic chemicals, on a lipid-adjusted basis, have consistent concentrations across matrices is likely too simplistic. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - LaKind, Judy S AU - Berlin, Cheston M AU - Sjodin, Andreas AU - Turner, Wayman AU - Wang, Richard Y AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Paul, Ian M AU - Stokes, Jennifer L AU - Naiman, Daniel Q AU - Patterson, Donald G AD - LaKind Associates, LLC, Catonsville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1625 EP - 1631 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - blood KW - breast milk KW - depuration KW - dioxins KW - elimination kinetics KW - infant exposure KW - partitioning KW - PBDEs KW - PCBs KW - pesticides KW - Blood KW - Partitioning KW - Milk KW - Assessments KW - Matrices KW - Exposure KW - Serums KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677986044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Do+Human+Milk+Concentrations+of+Persistent+Organic+Chemicals+Really+Decline+During+Lactation%3F+Chemical+Concentrations+During+Lactation+and+Milk%2FSerum+Partitioning&rft.au=LaKind%2C+Judy+S%3BBerlin%2C+Cheston+M%3BSjodin%2C+Andreas%3BTurner%2C+Wayman%3BWang%2C+Richard+Y%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BPaul%2C+Ian+M%3BStokes%2C+Jennifer+L%3BNaiman%2C+Daniel+Q%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G&rft.aulast=LaKind&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900876 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900876 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A Alters Early Adipogenesis in the Rat AN - 1677985895; 11866558 AB - Background The causes of the current obesity pandemic have not been fully elucidated. Implication of environmental endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) on adipose tissue development has been poorly investigated. Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of perinatal exposure to BPA on early adipose storage at weaning. Methods Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats had access to drinking water containing 1 mg/L BPA from day 6 of gestation through the end of lactation. Pups were weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21. At that time, we investigated perigonadal adipose tissue of pups (weight, histology, gene expression). For the remaining animals, we recorded body weight and food intake for animals on either standard chow or a high-fat diet. Results Gestational exposure to BPA did not alter the sex ratio or litter size at birth. On PND1, the weight of male and female BPA-exposed pups was increased. On PND21, body weight was increased only in females, in which parametrial white adipose tissue (pWAT) weight was increased about 3-fold. This excess of pWAT was associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and overexpression of lipogenic genes such as C/EBP-I- (CAAT enhancer binding protein alpha), PPAR-I3 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), SREBP-1C (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1C), LPL (lipoprotein lipase), FAS (fatty acid synthase), and SCD-1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1). In addition, gene expression of SREBP-1C, FAS, and ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) was also increased in liver from BPA-exposed females at PND21, without a change in circulating lipids and glucose. After weaning, perinatal BPA exposure predisposed to overweight in a sex- and diet-dependent manner. We observed no change in food intake due to perinatal BPA exposure in rats on either standard chow or a high-fat diet. Conclusions Perinatal exposure to a low dose of BPA increased adipogenesis in females at weaning. Adult body weight may be programmed during early life, leading to changes dependent on the sex and the nutritional status. Although further studies are required to understand the mechanisms of BPA action in early life, these results are particularly important with regard to the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and the context-dependent action of endocrine disruptors. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Somm, Emmanuel AU - Schwitzgebel, ValACOrie M AU - Toulotte, Audrey AU - Cederroth, Christopher R AU - Combescure, Christophe AU - Nef, Serge AU - Aubert, Michel L AU - HAppi, Petra S AD - Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1549 EP - 1555 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - adipocyte KW - adipose tissue KW - bisphenol A KW - food intake KW - obesity KW - Gene expression KW - Bisphenol A KW - Body weight KW - Endocrine disruptors KW - Adipose tissues KW - Gestation KW - Females KW - Binding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677985895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Perinatal+Exposure+to+Bisphenol+A+Alters+Early+Adipogenesis+in+the+Rat&rft.au=Somm%2C+Emmanuel%3BSchwitzgebel%2C+ValACOrie+M%3BToulotte%2C+Audrey%3BCederroth%2C+Christopher+R%3BCombescure%2C+Christophe%3BNef%2C+Serge%3BAubert%2C+Michel+L%3BHAppi%2C+Petra+S&rft.aulast=Somm&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.11342 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11342 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorination Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water and Congenital Anomalies: Review and Meta-Analyses AN - 1677985101; 11866549 AB - Objectives The aim of this study was to review epidemiologic evidence, provide summary risk estimates of the association between exposure to chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) and congenital anomalies, and provide recommendations for future studies. Data sources and extraction We included all published epidemiologic studies that evaluated a relationship between an index of DBP exposure (treatment, water source, DBP measurements, and both DBP measurements and personal characteristics) and risk of congenital anomalies. When three or more studies examined the same exposure index and congenital anomaly, we conducted a meta-analysis to obtain a summary risk estimate comparing the highest exposure group with the lowest exposure group. When five or more studies examined total trihalomethane (TTHM) exposure and a specific congenital anomaly, we conducted a meta-analysis to obtain exposurearesponse risk estimates per 10 mu g/L TTHM. Data synthesis For all congenital anomalies combined, the meta-analysis gave a statistically significant excess risk for high versus low exposure to water chlorination or TTHM [17%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3-34] based on a small number of studies. The meta-analysis also suggested a statistically significant excess risk for ventricular septal defects (58%; 95% CI, 21x10 super(7)), but this was based on only three studies, and there was little evidence of an exposurearesponse relationship. We observed no statistically significant relationships in the other meta-analyses. We found little evidence for publication bias, except for urinary tract defects and cleft lip and palate. Conclusion Although some individual studies have suggested an association between chlorination disinfection by-products and congenital anomalies, meta-analyses of all currently available studies demonstrate little evidence of such an association. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J AU - Martinez, David AU - Grellier, James AU - Bennett, James AU - Best, Nicky AU - Iszatt, Nina AU - Vrijheid, Martine AU - Toledano, Mireille B AD - Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1486 EP - 1493 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - birth defects KW - congenital anomalies KW - disinfection by-products KW - fetal development KW - reproductive health KW - trihalomethanes KW - Risk KW - Estimates KW - Epidemiology KW - Congenital anomalies KW - Byproducts KW - Chlorination KW - Summaries KW - Defects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677985101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chlorination+Disinfection+By-Products+in+Drinking+Water+and+Congenital+Anomalies%3A+Review+and+Meta-Analyses&rft.au=Nieuwenhuijsen%2C+Mark+J%3BMartinez%2C+David%3BGrellier%2C+James%3BBennett%2C+James%3BBest%2C+Nicky%3BIszatt%2C+Nina%3BVrijheid%2C+Martine%3BToledano%2C+Mireille+B&rft.aulast=Nieuwenhuijsen&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900677 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900677 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in Relation to Preterm Birth in Mexico City AN - 1677984961; 11866563 AB - Background Rates of preterm birth have been rising over the past several decades. Factors contributing to this trend remain largely unclear, and exposure to environmental contaminants may play a role. Objective We investigated the relationship between phthalate exposure and preterm birth. Methods Within a large Mexican birth cohort study, we compared third-trimester urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in 30 women who delivered preterm (& 37 weeks of gestation) with those of 30 controls (aY 37 weeks of gestation). Results Concentrations of most of the metabolites were similar to those reported among U.S. females, although in the present study mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) concentrations were higher and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations lower. In a crude comparison before correcting for urinary dilution, geometric mean urinary concentrations were higher for the phthalate metabolites MBP, MBzP, mono(3-carboxylpropyl) phthalate, and four metabolites of di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate among women who subsequently delivered preterm. These differences remained, but were somewhat lessened, after correction by specific gravity or creatinine. In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders, elevated odds of having phthalate metabolite concentrations above the median level were found. Conclusions We found that phthalate exposure is prevalent among this group of pregnant women in Mexico and that some phthalates may be associated with preterm birth. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Meeker, John D AU - Hu, Howard AU - Cantonwine, David E AU - Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector AU - Calafat, Antonia M AU - Ettinger, Adrienne S AU - Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio AU - Loch-Caruso, Rita AU - TACOllez-Rojo, Martha Maria AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1587 EP - 1592 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - caseacontrol KW - environment KW - epidemiology KW - exposure KW - pregnancy KW - prematurity KW - Birth KW - Logistics KW - Creatinine KW - Phthalates KW - Gestation KW - Metabolites KW - Contaminants KW - Elevated UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677984961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Urinary+Phthalate+Metabolites+in+Relation+to+Preterm+Birth+in+Mexico+City&rft.au=Meeker%2C+John+D%3BHu%2C+Howard%3BCantonwine%2C+David+E%3BLamadrid-Figueroa%2C+Hector%3BCalafat%2C+Antonia+M%3BEttinger%2C+Adrienne+S%3BHernandez-Avila%2C+Mauricio%3BLoch-Caruso%2C+Rita%3BTACOllez-Rojo%2C+Martha+Maria&rft.aulast=Meeker&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800522 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800522 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking-Water Herbicide Exposure in Indiana and Prevalence of Small-for-Gestational-Age and Preterm Delivery AN - 1677984258; 11866568 AB - Background Atrazine and other corn herbicides are routinely detected in drinking water. Two studies on potential association of atrazine with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and preterm birth prevalence found inconsistent results. Moreover, these studies did not control for individual-level potential confounders. Objectives Our retrospective cohort study evaluated whether atrazine in drinking water is associated with increased prevalence of SGA and preterm birth. Methods We developed atrazine concentration time series for 19 water systems in Indiana from 1993 to 2007 and selected all births (n = 24,154) based on geocoded motheras residences. Log-binomial models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for SGA and preterm delivery in relation to atrazine concentrations during various periods of the pregnancy. Models controlled for maternal demographic characteristics, prenatal care and reproductive history, and behavioral risk factors (smoking, drinking, drug use). Results Atrazine in drinking water during the third trimester and the entire pregnancy was associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of SGA. Atrazine in drinking water > 0.1 delta 14g/L during the third trimester resulted in 17-19% increase in the prevalence of SGA compared with the control group (0.1 delta 14g/L). Mean atrazine concentrations over the entire pregnancy > 0.644 delta 14g/L were associated with higher SGA prevalence than in the control group (adjusted PR = 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.24). No significant association was found for preterm delivery. Conclusions We found that atrazine, and perhaps other co-occurring herbicides in drinking water, is associated with an increased prevalence of SGA, but not preterm delivery. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ochoa-AcuA-a, Hugo AU - Frankenberger, Jane AU - Hahn, Leighanne AU - Carbajo, Cristina AD - Epidemiology and Public Health Section, Comparative Pathobiology Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1619 EP - 1624 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - atrazine KW - birth weight KW - epidemiology KW - herbicides KW - preterm birth KW - Birth KW - Mathematical models KW - Time series KW - Atrazine KW - Herbicides KW - Drinking water KW - Confidence intervals KW - Pregnancy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677984258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Drinking-Water+Herbicide+Exposure+in+Indiana+and+Prevalence+of+Small-for-Gestational-Age+and+Preterm+Delivery&rft.au=Ochoa-AcuA-a%2C+Hugo%3BFrankenberger%2C+Jane%3BHahn%2C+Leighanne%3BCarbajo%2C+Cristina&rft.aulast=Ochoa-AcuA-a&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900784 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900784 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead Exposure and Behavior among Young Children in Chennai, India AN - 1677983400; 11866566 AB - Background Lead exposure has long been associated with deficits in IQ among children. However, few studies have assessed the impact of lead on specific domains of behavior and cognition. Objective We evaluated the associations between lead and different domains of neurobehavior and their relative sensitivity to lead. Methods We determined blood lead levels using a LeadCare instrument in 756 children 3a7 years of age attending pre- and elementary schools in Chennai, India. Anxiety, social problems, inattention, hyperactivity, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as executive function were assessed in children by their schoolteachers using Connersa Teacher Rating Scales-39, Connersa ADHD/Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th Edition Scales (CADS), and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function questionnaires, with higher scores denoting worse behavior. Analyses were carried out using multivariate generalized estimating equations with comparisons of outcome Z-scores to assess the relative strengths of the associations between log-blood lead and the different domains of behavior. Results Mean blood lead level was 11.4 A- 5.3 I14g/dL. Blood lead was associated with higher anxiety (I2 = 0.27, p = 0.01), social problems (I2 = 0.20, p = 0.02), and higher scores in the ADHD index (I2 = 0.17; p = 0.05). The effect estimate was highest for global executive function (I2 = 0.42; p& 0.001). Conclusions Higher blood lead levels in this population of young children is associated with increased risk of neurobehavioral deficits and ADHD, with executive function and attention being particularly vulnerable domains to the effects of lead. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Roy, Ananya AU - Bellinger, David AU - Hu, Howard AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - Ettinger, Adrienne S AU - Wright, Robert O AU - Bouchard, Maryse AU - Palaniappan, Kavitha AU - Balakrishnan, Kalpana AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - 1607 EP - 1611 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - ADHD KW - anxiety KW - blood lead KW - children KW - executive function KW - India KW - sociability KW - Blood KW - Anxiety KW - Estimating KW - Ratings KW - Teachers KW - Social problems KW - Children KW - Mathematical analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677983400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lead+Exposure+and+Behavior+among+Young+Children+in+Chennai%2C+India&rft.au=Roy%2C+Ananya%3BBellinger%2C+David%3BHu%2C+Howard%3BSchwartz%2C+Joel%3BEttinger%2C+Adrienne+S%3BWright%2C+Robert+O%3BBouchard%2C+Maryse%3BPalaniappan%2C+Kavitha%3BBalakrishnan%2C+Kalpana&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Ananya&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900625 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900625 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - WATER TREATMENT: Sweeteners Persist in Waterways AN - 1671511778; 13204939 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kessler, Rebecca AD - Rebecca Kessler, based in Providence, Rhode Island, is a senior editor at Natural History and writes about science and the environment for various publications. She is a member of the National Association of Science Writers and the Society of Environmental Journalists Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - October 2009 SP - A438 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Water treatment KW - Sweeteners KW - Health KW - Waterways UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671511778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=WATER+TREATMENT%3A+Sweeteners+Persist+in+Waterways&rft.au=Kessler%2C+Rebecca&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=A438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concerns of CropLife America Regarding the Application and Use of the U.S. EPA's Toxicity Reference Database AN - 1671495805; 13204934 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Janus, Erik AD - Science & Regulatory Affairs, CropLife America, Washington, DC EJanus@croplifeamerica.org Y1 - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DA - Oct 2009 SP - A432 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Databases KW - Americas KW - Health KW - Toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671495805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Concerns+of+CropLife+America+Regarding+the+Application+and+Use+of+the+U.S.+EPA%27s+Toxicity+Reference+Database&rft.au=Janus%2C+Erik&rft.aulast=Janus&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=A432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900951 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900951 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - START Follow-on Dos & Don'ts: Do Time Extension instead of a Bad Treaty AN - 742949810; 2010-503718 AB - The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), which provides limits on US and Russian strategic nuclear warheads and delivery systems, and a complex regime to verify compliance with those limits, is set to expire on December 5, 2009. President Obama and Russian President Medvedev have proposed a legally binding agreement to replace it, which President Obama said will be done this year. A treaty meeting the goals articulated in this paper is more likely to gain the two-thirds majority necessary for Senate consent. Tables. JF - U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee, Sep 30 2009, 16 pp. AU - United States Senate Republican Policy Committee Y1 - 2009/09/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 30 PB - U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee KW - International relations - International peace and security KW - International relations - Treaties KW - Military and defense policy - Military equipment and weapons KW - Obama, Barack KW - United States KW - Strategic arms limitation talks KW - Atomic weapons KW - Nuclear nonproliferation KW - Russian Federation KW - Arms limitation KW - Medvedev, Dmitry Anatolyevich KW - Treaties KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742949810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=United+States+Senate+Republican+Policy+Committee&rft.aulast=United+States+Senate+Republican+Policy+Committee&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2009-09-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=START+Follow-on+Dos+%26+Don%27ts%3A+Do+Time+Extension+instead+of+a+Bad+Treaty&rft.title=START+Follow-on+Dos+%26+Don%27ts%3A+Do+Time+Extension+instead+of+a+Bad+Treaty&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://rpc.senate.gov/public/_files/093009STARTFollowonDosandDontsms.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-10 N1 - Publication note - U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee, 2009 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roles of genes 38, 39, and 40 in shutoff of host biosyntheses during infection of Bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage SPO1. AN - 67647936; 19665746 AB - A nonsense mutation in SPO1 gene 40 prevented normal shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis, showing that gp40 is required for the normal occurrence of both shutoffs. A gene 39 nonsense mutation caused accelerated shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis (aided by a gene 38 nonsense mutation), showing that gp39 (aided by gp38) limits the rate at which both shutoffs occur. The 40(-) mutation suppressed the accelerative effects of the 39(-) and 38(-) mutations, showing that gp40 also plays an essential role in the accelerated shutoffs. To the best of our knowledge, proteins with the particular activities implied for gp39 and gp40 have not been identified in any other bacteriophage. SPO1 has at least three different mechanisms that have the effect of delaying the shutoff of host DNA and RNA synthesis. JF - Virology AU - Stewart, Charles R AU - Yip, Tameson K S AU - Myles, Bati AU - Laughlin, Laura AD - Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA. crs@rice.edu Y1 - 2009/09/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 30 SP - 271 EP - 274 VL - 392 IS - 2 KW - Codon, Nonsense KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - RNA, Viral KW - Viral Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - RNA, Viral -- biosynthesis KW - DNA, Bacterial -- biosynthesis KW - Viral Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacillus Phages -- metabolism KW - Bacillus Phages -- genetics KW - Bacillus subtilis -- metabolism KW - Bacillus Phages -- physiology KW - Bacillus subtilis -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67647936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Roles+of+genes+38%2C+39%2C+and+40+in+shutoff+of+host+biosyntheses+during+infection+of+Bacillus+subtilis+by+bacteriophage+SPO1.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Charles+R%3BYip%2C+Tameson+K+S%3BMyles%2C+Bati%3BLaughlin%2C+Laura&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2009-09-30&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=1096-0341&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.virol.2009.06.046 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2009-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2009-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.046 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal aspects of the transition from connection to disconnection between rivers, lakes and groundwater AN - 1777089519; 10888824 AB - A changing groundwater table can affect the flow regime between surface water and groundwater. Quantitative approaches are required to understand how such changes influence the flow regime. While in a fully connected regime changes in the groundwater table are related linearly to changes of the infiltration rate, in a disconnected regime the infiltration rate is essentially independent of such changes. However, transitional regimes between connected and disconnected regimes also exist and we identify different transitional pathways. We illustrate how hydrological parameters determine the pathway of transition and show that spatial variations of the infiltration flux through a surface water body strongly depends on these different pathways of transition. Moreover, the spatial distribution of seepage through a surface water body is shown to depend on the state of connection. We also show that the transition from a connected to disconnected flow regime may require a significant drop of the groundwater table. The study demonstrates that the transition zone may be of greater importance than is usually acknowledged. A comparison of lakes and rivers reveals that the latter are less likely to disconnect in response to a decrease of the regional groundwater table. We relate this behavior to differences in the build-up of a groundwater mound in 2D and 3D. Finally, we carry out some simple transient simulations for 3D systems to analyse the transient behavior of surface water groundwater interaction in the context of disconnection. We show that the state of connection is a critical variable in the dynamics of infiltration in a non-steady system. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Brunner, P AU - Simmons, C T AU - Cook, P G AD - GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia philip.brunner@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 30 SP - 159 EP - 169 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 376 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Disengaging KW - Pathways KW - Surface water KW - Dynamical systems KW - Infiltration KW - Tables (data) KW - Groundwater KW - Dynamics KW - Freshwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777089519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+aspects+of+the+transition+from+connection+to+disconnection+between+rivers%2C+lakes+and+groundwater&rft.au=Shipton%2C+Brett&rft.aulast=Shipton&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Learning+Design&rft.issn=18328342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restricted gene flow in the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis) in a fragmented agricultural landscape AN - 856756555; 13812355 AB - Habitat fragmentation can have several adverse genetic impacts on populations. Assessing the extent of these threatening processes is essential in conservation management. In the present study, we investigated the genetic population structure of the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard, Tiliqua adelaidensis, which is now restricted to a few small fragments of its previously more extensive grassland habitat. The aim of our study was to investigate genetic diversity and gene flow both among and within sample sites. The information will assist in making recommendations for habitat conservation and translocation programs. We collected DNA from 229 individuals from six isolated sample sites and genotyped them for 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Across all six sample sites, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.75 to 0.82. There was no evidence of population bottlenecks and little evidence of inbreeding due to consanguineous mating. Genetic differentiation was low to moderate although significant for all pairs of sample sites (F sub(ST) = 0.021-0.091). Results from Bayesian clustering analyses revealed distinct clusters in the overall sample and suggested restricted gene flow between sample sites separated by distances ranging from 1.7 to 71.6 km. By using spatial autocorrelation, we also found a significant genetic structure within sample sites at distances up to 30 m, suggesting restricted gene flow even in small patches of continuous habitat. It will be important to preserve this finely clustered population structure in captive breeding and translocation programs. Increasing opportunities for gene flow through habitat corridors or population augmentation may help maintain genetic diversity and prevent an increase in differentiation. Although endangered species do not always present model systems for studying fragmentation, our approach shows how important genetic information can be acquired to aid conservation in highly fragmented ecosystems. JF - Wildlife Research AU - Smith, Annabel L AU - Gardner, Michael G AU - Fenner, Aaron L AU - Bull, CMichael AD - School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia, annabel.smith@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09/29/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 29 SP - 466 EP - 478 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 1035-3712, 1035-3712 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Bayesian analysis KW - Genetic diversity KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - genetic structure KW - population structure KW - Population genetics KW - Differentiation KW - Mating KW - Gene flow KW - Bluetongue KW - Habitat corridors KW - Translocation KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Population bottleneck KW - Landscape KW - Microsatellites KW - genetic diversity KW - Lacertilia KW - Habitat KW - Tiliqua KW - lizards KW - Captive breeding KW - Heterozygosity KW - Grasslands KW - inbreeding KW - Endangered species KW - Conservation KW - Population structure KW - Inbreeding KW - translocation KW - Genetic structure KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856756555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Research&rft.atitle=Restricted+gene+flow+in+the+endangered+pygmy+bluetongue+lizard+%28Tiliqua+adelaidensis%29+in+a+fragmented+agricultural+landscape&rft.au=Smith%2C+Annabel+L%3BGardner%2C+Michael+G%3BFenner%2C+Aaron+L%3BBull%2C+CMichael&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Annabel&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Research&rft.issn=10353712&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FWR08171 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Mathematical models; Bayesian analysis; Population bottleneck; Landscape; Microsatellites; Genetic diversity; Habitat; Heterozygosity; Captive breeding; Habitat fragmentation; Mating; Differentiation; Grasslands; Population genetics; Gene flow; Bluetongue; Conservation; Endangered species; Habitat corridors; Inbreeding; Population structure; Genetic structure; Translocation; population structure; inbreeding; genetic diversity; translocation; lizards; genetic structure; Lacertilia; Tiliqua DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WR08171 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Sending Mail to Members of the Armed Forces at Reduced or Free Postage: An Overview AN - 58831645; 2010-442855 AB - Members of the Armed Forces on duty in designated combat areas can send personal correspondence, free of postage, to addresses in the US; however, there is no comparable policy to permit individuals in the US to send letters and packages to troops serving overseas, although a sender is charged only for the cost of the domestic portion of the delivery -- the Department of Defense pays the cost to move the mail from the US to troops overseas. Legislation -- H.R. 704 (and the identical H.R. 2126) and H.R. 707 -- has been introduced in the 111th Congress to establish a free-mail-to-troops postage benefit. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 29 2009, 6 pp. AU - Kosar, Kevin R Y1 - 2009/09/29/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 29 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Military and defense policy - Military personnel and veterans KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Mail service KW - Cost KW - Postal service KW - Legislation KW - United States Defense department KW - Armed forces KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58831645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kosar%2C+Kevin+R&rft.aulast=Kosar&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Sending+Mail+to+Members+of+the+Armed+Forces+at+Reduced+or+Free+Postage%3A+An+Overview&rft.title=Sending+Mail+to+Members+of+the+Armed+Forces+at+Reduced+or+Free+Postage%3A+An+Overview&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40550_20090929.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40550 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in molluscan gene sequence similarity: An observation from genes expressed within the hypobranchial gland of Dicathais orbita (Gmelin, 1791) (Neogastropoda: Muricidae) AN - 21071074; 11087261 AB - This study investigates the phylogenetic distribution of homology to Dicathais orbita hypobranchial gland genes based on tBLASTx pairwise sequence alignments from the Genbank database. Suppressive subtractive hybridization was used to obtain 417 non-redundant genes that were up-regulated or uniquely expressed in the hypobranchial gland relative to mantle tissue. Of these, 133 sequences revealed matches to the database with the remaining 68% of genes appearing as apparently novel sequences. Homologous sequence matches were observed for a wide range of evolutionarily divergent taxa, encompassing animals, protozoans, plants, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The highest frequency of homology was found towards chordate sequences, followed by the Mollusca, which highlights the current bias in availability of vertebrate versus invertebrate sequences in the database. An unexpectedly high proportion of matches were also found toward the Ciliophora, indicating a possible symbiotic relationship, as well as the Ascomycota and Streptophyta, which share the ability to biosynthesize indole derivatives with Muricidae such as Dicathais orbita. Overall, these results reveal the usefulness of undertaking sequence comparisons in gene expression and highlight the current paucity of knowledge of molluscan genomes. JF - Nautilus AU - Laffy, P W AU - Benkendorff, K AU - Abbott, CA AD - School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100 Adelaide, SA 5001 AUSTRALIA, kirsten.benkendorff@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09/28/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 28 SP - 154 EP - 158 VL - 123 IS - 3 SN - 0028-1344, 0028-1344 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Muricidae KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Ascomycota KW - Gene expression KW - Streptophyta KW - Glands KW - Mollusca KW - Phylogenetics KW - Phylogeny KW - Marine KW - Chordata KW - Symbionts KW - Neogastropoda KW - Fungi KW - Ciliophora KW - Databases KW - Homology KW - Indole KW - Marine molluscs KW - Plant viruses KW - Evolution KW - V 22410:Animal Diseases KW - Q4 27760:Microorganisms KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle KW - O 1030:Invertebrates KW - J 02430:Symbiosis, Antibiosis & Phages KW - Q1 08265:Genetics and evolution KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21071074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nautilus&rft.atitle=Trends+in+molluscan+gene+sequence+similarity%3A+An+observation+from+genes+expressed+within+the+hypobranchial+gland+of+Dicathais+orbita+%28Gmelin%2C+1791%29+%28Neogastropoda%3A+Muricidae%29&rft.au=Laffy%2C+P+W%3BBenkendorff%2C+K%3BAbbott%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Laffy&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2009-09-28&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nautilus&rft.issn=00281344&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Gene expression; Symbionts; Glands; Nucleotide sequence; Marine molluscs; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Databases; Homology; Indole; Fungi; Plant viruses; Evolution; Chordata; Neogastropoda; Streptophyta; Muricidae; Mollusca; Ascomycota; Ciliophora; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Novel In Situ Tool for the Exposure and Analysis of Microorganisms in Natural Aquatic Systems AN - 754544163; 13268217 AB - To evaluate the effects of contaminants or nutrient limitation in natural waters, it is often desirable to perform controlled exposures of organisms. While in situ exposures are routine for caged organisms or macrophytes, they are extremely difficult to perform for microorganisms, mainly due to difficulties in designing an exposure device that isolates the cells while allowing rapid equilibration with the external media. In this paper, a stirred underwater biouptake system (SUBS) based on the diffusion of chemicals across a semipermeable membrane housing a controlled population of microorganisms is reported. Cd diffusion through the semipermeable membrane was evaluated by voltammetry using a microelectrode. Comparison of stirred and unstirred solutions demonstrated a significantly increased diffusive flux in the presence of stirring. Lab tests using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii showed that diffusion across the semipermeable membrane was not limiting with respect to the biouptake of Cd. The SUBS device was field tested and the results of viability studies and trace metal biouptake by C. reinhardtii are reported. No diffusion limitation due to the SUBS was observed for Cd under the tested field conditions. The SUBS device was also shown to be useful for field exposures and subsequent measurements of trace metal uptake and viability. The results support the future use of the SUBS for the in situ measurement of phytochelatin/metallothionein production, photosynthetic efficiency, or reporter gene induction of controlled organisms. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Davis, Thomas A AU - Simon, Dana F AU - Hassler, Christel S AU - Wilkinson, Kevin J AD - Analytical and Biophysical Environmental Chemistry, University of Geneva, Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montral, Qubec, Canada, H3C-3J7, and CSIRO Atmospheric and Marine Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia Y1 - 2009/09/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 22 SP - 8240 EP - 8244 PB - American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., NW Washington DC 20036 USA VL - 43 IS - 21 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Semipermeable Membranes KW - Chlorophylls KW - Photosynthesis KW - Metallothionein KW - Nutrients KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii KW - phytochelatins KW - Exposure KW - Absorption KW - Diffusion KW - Cadmium KW - Microelectrodes KW - Testing Procedures KW - Membranes KW - Aquatic plants KW - in situ measurement KW - Aquatic environment KW - Trace Metals KW - Macrophytes KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Microorganisms KW - Uptake KW - Contaminants KW - Chemicals KW - Housing KW - Environmental factors KW - Voltammetry KW - Limiting factors KW - Aquatic microorganisms KW - metallothioneins KW - Reporter gene KW - trace metals KW - Trace metals KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754544163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=A+Novel+In+Situ+Tool+for+the+Exposure+and+Analysis+of+Microorganisms+in+Natural+Aquatic+Systems&rft.au=Davis%2C+Thomas+A%3BSimon%2C+Dana+F%3BHassler%2C+Christel+S%3BWilkinson%2C+Kevin+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2009-09-22&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=8240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes901492y L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es901492y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorophylls; Aquatic plants; Microorganisms; Uptake; Cadmium; Limiting factors; Environmental factors; Trace metals; Housing; Metallothionein; Nutrients; phytochelatins; Macrophytes; Aquatic microorganisms; Reporter gene; Diffusion; Contaminants; Microelectrodes; Chemicals; Membranes; Photosynthesis; metallothioneins; in situ measurement; trace metals; Voltammetry; Aquatic environment; Testing Procedures; Semipermeable Membranes; Trace Metals; Water Pollution Effects; Exposure; Absorption; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es901492y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An in vivo model of priming of antigen-specific human CTL by Mo-DC in NOD/Shi-scid IL2rg super(n) super(u) super(l) super(l) (NOG) mice AN - 21238018; 10969286 AB - In vivo assay to evaluate anti-cancer immunotherapy at the pre-clinical phase is eagerly needed. We currently established xenotransplantation-based method to analyze in vivo priming of cancer-antigen-specific human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We transplanted human peripheral T cells and analyzed priming of CTLs in NOG mice. Half of the mice engrafted with bulk lymphocytes including CD4 super(+) T cells died before analysis probably due to xenoreactive graft versus host disease. All of the mice engrafted with purified CD8 super(+) T cells survived until the analysis, and successful engraftment was observed in 80% of recipient mice. Thus, transfer of purified CD8 super(+) T cells is sufficient and safer than that of bulk lymphocytes. To add antigenic stimulation to the CD8 super(+) T cells in vivo, injection of antigenic peptide-loaded and monocyte-derived autologous dendritic cells (DCs) was simultaneously done and repeated 7 days later. The DC-based vaccinization resulted in efficient priming of HLA class I-restricted and MART1, WT1 or CMV peptides-specific CTLs in the recipient mice. This system may be useful to evaluate the stimulation of antigen-specific human CTLs in vivo. JF - Immunology Letters AU - Inoue, M AU - Senju, S AU - Hirata, S AU - Irie, A AU - Baba, H AU - Nishimura, Y AD - Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan, mxnishim@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp Y1 - 2009/09/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 22 SP - 67 EP - 72 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 126 IS - 1-2 SN - 0165-2478, 0165-2478 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Autografts KW - Histocompatibility antigen HLA KW - Immunotherapy KW - Animal models KW - Graft-versus-host reaction KW - CD8 antigen KW - Cytomegalovirus KW - Dendritic cells KW - Cytotoxicity KW - CD4 antigen KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Monocytes KW - Xenografts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - F 06920:Transplantation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21238018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunology+Letters&rft.atitle=An+in+vivo+model+of+priming+of+antigen-specific+human+CTL+by+Mo-DC+in+NOD%2FShi-scid+IL2rg+super%28n%29+super%28u%29+super%28l%29+super%28l%29+%28NOG%29+mice&rft.au=Inoue%2C+M%3BSenju%2C+S%3BHirata%2C+S%3BIrie%2C+A%3BBaba%2C+H%3BNishimura%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Inoue&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2009-09-22&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Immunology+Letters&rft.issn=01652478&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.imlet.2009.08.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Histocompatibility antigen HLA; Autografts; Dendritic cells; CD4 antigen; Cytotoxicity; Immunotherapy; Animal models; Lymphocytes T; Graft-versus-host reaction; Xenografts; Monocytes; CD8 antigen; Cytomegalovirus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2009.08.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and phenology of winter wheat and oats in a dual-purpose management system AN - 762282578; 13811699 AB - Dual-purpose cereal cropping is gaining acceptance among growers in mixed farming systems. Success in particular seasons depends on management decisions regarding choice of cereal species, sowing date, timing of grazing, and stocking rate. A more detailed understanding of how these factors influence the growth, phenology, and grain yield of the major cereal forages is needed to model these systems. Wheat (cvv. Whistler and Mackellar) and oats (cv. Blackbutt) were grown under dual-purpose management near Canberra, ACT, over 3 years (2004-06) in 2 crop sequences: wheat-oats-wheat and oats-wheat-wheat. In each year, crops were grazed by sheep at low (20/ha), medium (30-35 /ha), and high (40-52 /ha) grazing intensities. In the pre-grazing periods, measurements of phyllochron interval (PI), tiller development rate (TDR), and stem apex height were made. Post-grazing growth rate was determined from shoot biomass cuts taken at the end of grazing and at grain harvest. Soil moisture changes during each year were monitored to examine the pattern of soil water use under varying grazing intensities. In unusually dry periods in March-April 2004 and 2005, oats established significantly denser plant populations than wheat. In 2004, this initial advantage of oats resulted in greater feed on offer at the start of grazing than wheat, whereas in 2005, higher TDR, lower PI of wheat, and the longer duration of tillering resulted in similar amounts of feed on offer at the start of grazing. Elongation of the stem apex was more rapid in wheat than oats, indicating that wheat would be more at risk of damage during grazing. The post-grazing growth rate of wheat and oats was significantly lower than the ungrazed control in the dry spring years of 2004 and 2006, but significantly higher in the wetter spring year of 2005. While reduction in growth rate at high stocking rate was most likely caused by extreme reduction in leaf area, the causes of increases in growth rate following more lenient grazing require further investigation. In 2004 and 2005, there was no significant difference between crops or between stocking rate treatments in soil water depletion during the post-grazing period. However, in 2006, when soil moisture was not affected by rainfall in the post-grazing period, significantly more water was depleted from soil in the 0.60-1.70 m depth under low and medium stocking rate treatments than under the ungrazed control treatment. A gross margin analysis showed greater economic returns for the dual-purpose compared with a grain-only option in each year, most notably in the very dry season in 2006, when conventional practice would have been to sacrifice the grain crop to grazing or hay production. JF - Crop & Pasture Science AU - Kelman, WM AU - Dove, H AD - CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, walter.kelman@csiro.au Y1 - 2009/09/18/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 18 SP - 921 EP - 932 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 60 IS - 10 SN - 1836-0947, 1836-0947 KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - stocking rates KW - grazing KW - Soil Water KW - Crops KW - Winter KW - Soil KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Phenology KW - Soils KW - Plant populations KW - wheat KW - Growth rate KW - Grazing KW - Leaves KW - Growth Rates KW - phenology KW - Water use KW - Australia, Australian Capital Terr., Canberra KW - Moisture Content KW - Wheat KW - Oats KW - Soil moisture KW - Dry season KW - Feeds KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762282578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+%26+Pasture+Science&rft.atitle=Growth+and+phenology+of+winter+wheat+and+oats+in+a+dual-purpose+management+system&rft.au=Kelman%2C+WM%3BDove%2C+H&rft.aulast=Kelman&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=2009-09-18&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+%26+Pasture+Science&rft.issn=18360947&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FCP09029 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Water use; Phenology; Grazing; Soils; Leaves; Dry season; Plant populations; Winter; Soil; wheat; stocking rates; grazing; phenology; Soil moisture; Crops; Feeds; Moisture Content; Soil Water; Growth Rates; Oats; Wheat; Triticum aestivum; Australia, Australian Capital Terr., Canberra DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CP09029 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Wildfire Fuels and Fuel Reduction AN - 58838272; 2008-423460 AB - Severe wildfires have been burning more area and more houses in recent years. Activities that alter biomass fuels -- reducing total loads, reducing small fuels, reducing large fuels, and eliminating fuel ladders -- can help reduce wildfire severity and damages; and issues for Congress include the appropriate level of funding for prescribed burning and thinning for fuel reduction and the appropriate reporting of accomplishments. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 16 2009, 15 pp. AU - Gorte, Ross W Y1 - 2009/09/16/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 16 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Environment and environmental policy - Weather, climate, and natural disasters KW - Environment and environmental policy - Ecology and environmental policy KW - Business and service sector - Business management KW - United States Congress KW - Fires KW - Management KW - Land KW - Emergency preparedness KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58838272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gorte%2C+Ross+W&rft.aulast=Gorte&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft.date=2009-09-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Wildfire+Fuels+and+Fuel+Reduction&rft.title=Wildfire+Fuels+and+Fuel+Reduction&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40811_20090916.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40811 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - FEMA Disaster Housing: From Sheltering to Permanent Housing AN - 58830569; 2008-423461 AB - This report reviews the cycle of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) disaster housing assistance, from sheltering provided by local organizations in the immediate aftermath, to the eventual repair and rebuilding or replacement of private homes and rental units. This report reviews standard disaster housing procedures as well as options that could be taken to improve disaster housing including increased FEMA/Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) cooperation, the use of the case management authority, the repair and renovation of private rental housing units, and the use of alternative manufactured housing. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 16 2009, 27 pp. AU - McCarthy, Francis X Y1 - 2009/09/16/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 16 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - International relief and humanitarian assistance KW - Social conditions and policy - Housing KW - Population groups, population policy, and demographics - Migrants and migration KW - Social conditions and policy - Public welfare and social services KW - Business and service sector - Business management KW - Disaster relief KW - Shelters (social service) KW - Management KW - United States Housing and urban development department KW - Housing KW - Standards KW - Internally displaced persons KW - Rental housing KW - United States Federal emergency management agency KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58830569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+Francis+X&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.date=2009-09-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=FEMA+Disaster+Housing%3A+From+Sheltering+to+Permanent+Housing&rft.title=FEMA+Disaster+Housing%3A+From+Sheltering+to+Permanent+Housing&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40810_20090916.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40810 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Background and Issues for Congress AN - 58827653; 2008-423459 AB - Procurement of F-35 Joint Strike Fighters (JSFs) began in FY2007, and current DOD plans call for acquiring a total of 2,456 JSFs for the Air Force, Marine Corps, and Navy at an estimated total acquisition cost of about 246 billion dollars in constant (ie, inflation-adjusted) FY2009 dollars. The F-35 alternate engine program has emerged as a major item of debate on the FY2010 defense budget, but the Obama administration opposes further funding for the alternate engine program and has threatened to veto the FY2010 defense authorization or appropriation bill if either "would seriously disrupt" the F-35 program. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 16 2009, 102 pp. AU - O'Rourke, Ronald Y1 - 2009/09/16/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 16 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Military and defense policy - Military equipment and weapons KW - Military and defense policy - Military planning, strategy, and operations KW - Banking and public and private finance - Public finance KW - Military and defense policy - National defense KW - Obama, Barack KW - Military planning KW - Purchasing, Military and naval KW - Airplanes, Military KW - Budget, Government KW - United States Defense department KW - National defense KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58827653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Rourke%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2009-09-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=F-35+Joint+Strike+Fighter+%28JSF%29+Program%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.title=F-35+Joint+Strike+Fighter+%28JSF%29+Program%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30563_20090916.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL30563 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic variation of gross gill pathology and survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during natural amoebic gill disease challenge AN - 20694878; 10257641 AB - Survival in an experimental disease challenge test or to natural disease challenge is utilised by aquaculture breeding programs as the selection trait for disease resistance. However, these trials are expensive and do not offer the ability to retest animals. The aim of this study was therefore to estimate genetic parameters for resistance to amoebic gill disease (AGD) measured by a categorical scale of gross gill signs (''gill score'') and survival in a field challenge in order to establish whether gill score provides adequate measurement of genetic variation for AGD resistance compared to an AGD challenge survival. A total of 1504 Atlantic salmon smolt, representing 140 full-sib families, was transferred to a marine site in SE Tasmania. The gills were assessed by gill score prior to freshwater bathing on the first two rounds of infection, and then the disease was allowed to develop until mortalities began. Gill score was reassessed after 50days and mortality was allowed to continue until it had reached a plateau at 100days. The overall survival rate was 32.3% but varied from 0% to 69% between families. Estimated narrow sense heritability for AGD resistance assessed by gill score varied between 0.23 and 0.48 over the three rounds of infection. Heritability of AGD survival challenge was 0.40 to 0.49 on the observed scale using binary and longitudinal measures. Gill score and survival showed a weak (-0.19) to strong (-0.96) negative genetic correlation which improved when assessed closer to the survival challenge. Estimated genetic gains by selection of the top one hundred estimated breeding values for gill score indicated that up to 82% of the expected gain in survival can be achieved when compared to estimated gain by selection upon survival (days to death), thus minimising selection costs and improving fish welfare whilst allowing repeat measures to be made. The results show that genetic variation of gill score at the early onset of losses closely compares with survival results if the disease is allowed to progress without subsequent freshwater bathing. Gill score may therefore be utilised as a nondestructive and repeatable selection trait for breeding Atlantic salmon with greater resistance to AGD. JF - Aquaculture AU - Taylor, R S AU - Kube, P D AU - Muller, W J AU - Elliott, NG AD - CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, richard.taylor@csiro.au Y1 - 2009/09/16/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 16 SP - 172 EP - 179 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 294 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Atlantic salmon KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Freshwater environments KW - Anadromous species KW - Smolts KW - Gill disease KW - Brackish KW - Survival KW - Genetic diversity KW - Disease resistance KW - Freshwater KW - Infection KW - Aquaculture KW - Salmo salar KW - Breeding KW - Fish diseases KW - Scales KW - Heritability KW - Gills KW - Fish culture KW - Neoparamoeba KW - G 07790:Other Microorganisms KW - Q4 27790:Fish KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20694878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Genetic+variation+of+gross+gill+pathology+and+survival+of+Atlantic+salmon+%28Salmo+salar+L.%29+during+natural+amoebic+gill+disease+challenge&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R+S%3BKube%2C+P+D%3BMuller%2C+W+J%3BElliott%2C+NG&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2009-09-16&rft.volume=294&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2009.06.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fish diseases; Anadromous species; Smolts; Gill disease; Disease resistance; Fish culture; Gills; Mortality; Breeding; Freshwater environments; Scales; Genetic diversity; Survival; Infection; Aquaculture; Heritability; Salmo salar; Neoparamoeba; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A cluster-optimizing regression-based approach for precipitation spatial downscaling in mountainous terrain AN - 20795809; 10879501 AB - Precipitation temporal and spatial variability often controls terrestrial hydrological processes and states. Common remote-sensing and modeling precipitation products have a spatial resolution that is often too coarse to reveal hydrologically important spatial variability. A statistical algorithm was developed for downscaling low-resolution spatial precipitation fields. This algorithm auto-searches precipitation spatial structures (rain-pixel clusters), and orographic effects on precipitation distribution without prior knowledge of atmospheric setting. It is composed of three components: rain-pixel clustering, multivariate regression, and random cascade. The only required input data for the downscaling algorithm are coarse-pixel precipitation map and a topographic map. The algorithm was demonstrated with 4kmx4km Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) precipitation fields, and tested by downscaling NEXRAD-aggregated 16kmx16km precipitation fields to 4kmx4km pixel precipitation, which was then compared to the original NEXRAD data. The demonstration and testing were performed at both daily and hourly temporal resolutions for the northern New Mexico mountainous terrain and the central Texas Hill Country. The algorithm downscaled daily precipitation fields are in good agreement with the original 4kmx4km NEXRAD precipitation, as measured by precipitation spatial structures and the statistics between the downscaling and the original NEXRAD precipitation maps. For three daily precipitation events, downscaled precipitation map reproduces precipitation variance of the disaggregation field, and with Pearson correlation coefficients between the downscaled map and the NEXRAD map of 0.65, 0.71, and 0.80. The algorithm does not perform as well on downscaling hourly precipitation fields at the examined scale range (from 16km to 4km), which underestimates precipitation variance of the disaggregation field. For a scale range from 4km to 1km, the algorithm has potential to perform well at both daily and hourly precipitation fields, indicated from good regression performance. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Guan, H AU - Wilson, J L AU - Xie, H AD - Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, Australia, huade.guan@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09/15/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 15 SP - 578 EP - 588 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 375 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hills KW - Variability KW - Statistics KW - Rainfall KW - Ecological distribution KW - Algorithms KW - Statistical analysis KW - Correlations KW - Topographic effects KW - Maps KW - Mountains KW - Spatial variations KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Regression analysis KW - Hydrology KW - Orographic effects on precipitation distribution KW - Daily precipitation KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Spatial variability KW - Testing Procedures KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Hydrologic analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Precipitation KW - Radar KW - USA, Texas KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20795809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=A+cluster-optimizing+regression-based+approach+for+precipitation+spatial+downscaling+in+mountainous+terrain&rft.au=Guan%2C+H%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BXie%2C+H&rft.aulast=Guan&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2009-09-15&rft.volume=375&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=578&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2009.07.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spatial variations; Mathematical models; Ecological distribution; Regression analysis; Hydrology; Topographic effects; Hydrologic analysis; Radar; Correlations; Statistical analysis; Algorithms; Orographic effects on precipitation distribution; Precipitation; Daily precipitation; Spatial variability; Mountains; hills; Rainfall; Testing Procedures; Variability; Hydrologic Models; Statistics; Maps; Hydrologic Data; USA, New Mexico; USA, Texas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.007 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Role of Federal Gasoline Excise Taxes in Public Policy AN - 58822344; 2008-423462 AB - Federal gasoline taxes are used specifically to fund annual highway construction, maintenance, and mass transit; and over the years, proposals have come forth to raise the federal tax to address long-standing national policy concerns, including US dependence on imported oil and various environmental problems related to large volumes of gasoline consumption. Opponents of gasoline tax increases point to the effects on consumer and business spending, especially in a time of needed economic recovery, and argue that the gasoline tax has a regressive impact and affects rural areas disproportionately. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 11 2009, 8 pp. AU - Pirog, Robert Y1 - 2009/09/11/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 11 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Energy resources and policy - Petroleum and natural gas industries and products KW - Banking and public and private finance - Taxation and tax policy KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Roads and land transport KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Transportation KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Urban transport KW - Business and service sector - Business finance KW - United States KW - Gasoline industry KW - Transportation KW - Finance KW - Mass transit KW - Excise tax KW - Tax policy KW - Highways KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58822344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Pirog%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Pirog&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2009-09-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Role+of+Federal+Gasoline+Excise+Taxes+in+Public+Policy&rft.title=The+Role+of+Federal+Gasoline+Excise+Taxes+in+Public+Policy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40808_20090911.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40808 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Alaska's Strategic Role in the Defense of the United States and the Vital Role of Missile Defense AN - 58835771; 2010-476707 AB - Alaska is sixth among all states and territories in volume of personnel serving in Iraq and Afghanistan and is a very important component in America's missile defense system, which overall is 90% accurate because of robust testing and better technology. In addition, energy independence is critical if the US is to have more flexibility both in US national defense and in dealing with international affairs. Tables. JF - Heritage Foundation, Sep 10 2009, 6 pp. AU - Begich, Mark Y1 - 2009/09/10/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 10 PB - Heritage Foundation KW - International relations - War KW - United States KW - Defenses KW - War KW - Alaska KW - Technology KW - National defense KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58835771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Begich%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Begich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2009-09-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Alaska%27s+Strategic+Role+in+the+Defense+of+the+United+States+and+the+Vital+Role+of+Missile+Defense&rft.title=Alaska%27s+Strategic+Role+in+the+Defense+of+the+United+States+and+the+Vital+Role+of+Missile+Defense&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.heritage.org/Research/BallisticMissileDefense/upload/hl_1133.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-07 N1 - Publication note - Heritage Foundation, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - Heritage Lecture no. 1133 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Authoritative Resources on the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) AN - 58830309; 2008-423464 AB - Provides a list of authoritative resources designed to assist in responding to a broad range of constituent questions and concerns about the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA -- P.L. 111-5). Links to the full text of the act, Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates, White House fact sheets, and federal, state, and municipal government websites are included, along with other useful information. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 10 2009, 8 pp. AU - Klarman, Kim Walker AU - Jennings, Julie Y1 - 2009/09/10/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 10 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - United States KW - Economic stabilization KW - Legislation KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58830309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Klarman%2C+Kim+Walker%3BJennings%2C+Julie&rft.aulast=Klarman&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.date=2009-09-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Authoritative+Resources+on+the+American+Recovery+and+Reinvestment+Act+of+2009+%28ARRA%29&rft.title=Authoritative+Resources+on+the+American+Recovery+and+Reinvestment+Act+of+2009+%28ARRA%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40244_20090910.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40244 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Turkmenistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests AN - 58828406; 2008-423463 AB - This report examines the political, economic, and foreign policies undertaken by Turkmenistan's President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, who came to power in late 2006. The report discusses US policy and assistance and provides basic facts and biographical information. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 10 2009, 9 pp. AU - Nichol, Jim Y1 - 2009/09/10/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 10 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - International relations KW - United States KW - Turkmenistan KW - Economic relations KW - Berdimuhammedow, Gurbanguly M. KW - Government and politics KW - Foreign relations KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58828406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Nichol%2C+Jim&rft.aulast=Nichol&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.date=2009-09-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Turkmenistan%3A+Recent+Developments+and+U.S.+Interests&rft.title=Turkmenistan%3A+Recent+Developments+and+U.S.+Interests&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/97-1055_20090910.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, 97-1055 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Amber Alert Program Technology AN - 58828577; 2008-423465 AB - Amber Alerts (also referred to as AMBER plans) use technology to disseminate information about child abductions in a timely manner since most abducted children murdered by their kidnappers are killed within three hours of the abduction. Technologies used for alerts include the Emergency Alert System (EAS), highway messages boards, telephone alert systems, the Internet, text messaging, and email; and because kidnappers can cross state lines with their victims, the Department of Justice will often be involved in responding to an abduction. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 9 2009, 4 pp. AU - Moore, Linda K Y1 - 2009/09/09/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 09 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Administration of justice - Crime and criminals KW - Population groups, population policy, and demographics - Children and youth KW - Education and education policy - Information services and sources KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - Science and technology policy - Technology and technology policy KW - Government - Intergovernmental relations KW - Administration of justice - Police and law enforcement KW - Infrastructure KW - Information KW - Kidnapping KW - Law enforcement KW - Interstate cooperation KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Children KW - Technology KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58828577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Moore%2C+Linda+K&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2009-09-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Amber+Alert+Program+Technology&rft.title=Amber+Alert+Program+Technology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS21453_20090909.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RS21453 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Japan's Historic 2009 Elections: Implications for U.S. Interests AN - 58831810; 2008-423469 AB - The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), now Japan's main ruling party, advocates sweeping economic and administrative reforms and has called for a "proactive" foreign policy with greater "independence" from the US through deeper engagement with Asia and a more United Nations-oriented diplomacy. This report analyzes the DPJ's policy platform and reviews the implications for US strategic and economic interests now that the party and its coalition allies are set to take control of the Japanese government in the wake of the August 30, 2009, parliamentary elections. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 8 2009, 14 pp. AU - Konishi, Weston S Y1 - 2009/09/08/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 08 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Politics - Elections and voting KW - International relations - International relations KW - International relations - Diplomacy KW - United States KW - Elections KW - Economic relations KW - Diplomacy KW - Foreign relations KW - Japan KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58831810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Konishi%2C+Weston+S&rft.aulast=Konishi&rft.aufirst=Weston&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Historic+2009+Elections%3A+Implications+for+U.S.+Interests&rft.title=Japan%27s+Historic+2009+Elections%3A+Implications+for+U.S.+Interests&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40758_20090908.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40758 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Use of Trademarks as Keywords to Trigger Internet Search Engine Advertisements AN - 58830584; 2008-423468 AB - The use of trademarks in connection with Internet-based advertising has sparked disputes between trademark owners, advertisers, and Internet search engine operators over whether such activity violates federal trademark law -- Specifically, trademark owners have expressed concern over the sale of their trademarks by Internet search engines to third parties that want to have "banner" advertisements, "sponsored links," or "sponsored results" appear on a search results Web page when those trademarked words are entered as a search query. This report provides a summary and analysis of judicial opinions that have developed the current state of trademark law governing keyword-triggered advertising. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 8 2009, 14 pp. AU - Yeh, Brian T Y1 - 2009/09/08/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 08 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Law and ethics - Intellectual property, copyright, patent, and trademark law KW - Science and technology policy - Computer science and information technology KW - Business and service sector - Advertising and public relations KW - Business and service sector - Markets, marketing, and merchandising KW - Search engines KW - Sales KW - Marketing KW - Copyright KW - Advertising KW - Trade marks and names KW - Internet KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58830584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Yeh%2C+Brian+T&rft.aulast=Yeh&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Use+of+Trademarks+as+Keywords+to+Trigger+Internet+Search+Engine+Advertisements&rft.title=Use+of+Trademarks+as+Keywords+to+Trigger+Internet+Search+Engine+Advertisements&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40799_20090908.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40799 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Dispute Settlement in the World Trade Organization (WTO): An Overview AN - 58826245; 2008-423466 AB - Dispute settlement in the World Trade Organization (WTO) is carried out under the WTO Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU). In effect since January 1995, the DSU provides for consultations between disputing parties, panels and appeals, and possible retaliation if a defending party fails to comply with a WTO decision by an established deadline. To date, 398 complaints have been filed, approximately half involving the US as complainant or defendant; and this report describes dispute procedures and the US reaction to dispute settlements. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 8 2009, 12 pp. AU - Grimmett, Jeanne J Y1 - 2009/09/08/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 08 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - Diplomacy KW - International relations - International organizations KW - International relations - International relations KW - United States KW - World trade organization KW - Economic relations KW - Dispute settlement KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58826245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Grimmett%2C+Jeanne+J&rft.aulast=Grimmett&rft.aufirst=Jeanne&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Dispute+Settlement+in+the+World+Trade+Organization+%28WTO%29%3A+An+Overview&rft.title=Dispute+Settlement+in+the+World+Trade+Organization+%28WTO%29%3A+An+Overview&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS20088_20090908.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RS20088 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Energy Projects on Federal Lands: Leasing and Authorization AN - 58819443; 2008-423467 AB - A variety of statutes and agency regulations govern leasing and permitting for energy projects, including oil and natural gas development as well as alternative energy projects, such as geothermal, wind, and solar energy, on federal lands. This report explains the legal framework for energy leasing and development on federal lands and reviews laws and regulations affecting leasing of federal lands for exploration and production of oil and natural gas, which have evolved under a complex leasing system over the last century. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 8 2009, 18 pp. AU - Vann, Adam Y1 - 2009/09/08/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 08 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Environment and environmental policy - Ecology and environmental policy KW - Energy resources and policy - Energy policy KW - Energy resources and policy - Renewable energy sources KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - Energy policy KW - Natural resources KW - Law KW - Regulation KW - Public lands KW - Renewable energy sources KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58819443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Vann%2C+Adam&rft.aulast=Vann&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Energy+Projects+on+Federal+Lands%3A+Leasing+and+Authorization&rft.title=Energy+Projects+on+Federal+Lands%3A+Leasing+and+Authorization&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40806_20090908.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40806 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Potential Farm Sector Effects of 2009 H1N1 "Swine Flu": Questions and Answers AN - 58834239; 2010-442852 AB - Reports of the 2009 H1N1 outbreak -- coupled with calling it "swine flu" -- initially caused a downturn in domestic and international pork markets. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) confirm that there is no evidence that the 2009 H1N1 virus is transmitted by food and that humans cannot get the illness from eating properly handled pork or pork products; and officials are strongly urging US trading partners to base any food safety measures on scientific evidence and to act in accordance with their international obligations. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 4 2009, 13 pp. AU - Johnson, Renee Y1 - 2009/09/04/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 04 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Health conditions and policy - Diseases and disorders KW - Health conditions and policy - Health and health policy KW - Health conditions and policy - Food and nutrition KW - Agriculture and agricultural policy - Agricultural economics and farm holdings KW - Business and service sector - Markets, marketing, and merchandising KW - Influenza KW - Farms KW - Food safety KW - Markets KW - Communicable diseases KW - Public health KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58834239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Renee&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Renee&rft.date=2009-09-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Potential+Farm+Sector+Effects+of+2009+H1N1+%22Swine+Flu%22%3A+Questions+and+Answers&rft.title=Potential+Farm+Sector+Effects+of+2009+H1N1+%22Swine+Flu%22%3A+Questions+and+Answers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40575_20090904.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40575 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigated Shiraz vines (Vitis vinifera) upregulate gas exchange and maintain berry growth in response to short spells of high maximum temperature in the field AN - 853469616; 13811898 AB - We tested the hypotheses that (i) a short period of high maximum temperature disrupts gas exchange and arrests berry growth and sugar accumulation in irrigated Shiraz vines (Vitis vinifera L.), and (ii) the magnitude of these effects depend on the phenological window when stress occur. Using a system combining passive heating (greenhouse effect) and active cooling (fans) to control daytime temperature, we compared vines heated to a nominal maximum of 40C for three consecutive days and untreated controls. Maximum air temperature in heated treatments was 7.3C (2006-07) and 6.5C (2007-08) above ambient. Heat episodes were aligned with the beginning of a weekly irrigation cycle and applied in one of four phenological windows, namely post-fruit set, pre-veraison, veraison and pre-harvest. Heating systems did not affect relative humidity, hence vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was increased in the heated treatments and tracked the daily cycle of temperature. Heat did not affect the dynamics of berry growth and sugar accumulation, except for a 16% reduction in berry size and sugar content in vines heated shortly after fruit set in 2006-07. Vines upregulated stomatal conductance and gas exchange in response to heat. Stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration at a common VPD were consistently higher in heated vines than in controls. We suggest that stomatal behaviour previously described as part of Shiraz anisohydric syndrome may be adaptive in terms of heat tolerance at the expense of short-term transpiration efficiency. JF - Functional Plant Biology AU - Soar, Chris J AU - Collins, Marisa J AU - Sadras, Victor O AD - South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia, sadras.victor@saugov.sa.gov.au Y1 - 2009/09/03/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 03 SP - 801 EP - 814 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 36 IS - 9 SN - 1445-4408, 1445-4408 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Accumulation KW - Heat KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853469616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Functional+Plant+Biology&rft.atitle=Irrigated+Shiraz+vines+%28Vitis+vinifera%29+upregulate+gas+exchange+and+maintain+berry+growth+in+response+to+short+spells+of+high+maximum+temperature+in+the+field&rft.au=Soar%2C+Chris+J%3BCollins%2C+Marisa+J%3BSadras%2C+Victor+O&rft.aulast=Soar&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.date=2009-09-03&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Functional+Plant+Biology&rft.issn=14454408&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FFP09101 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heat DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/FP09101 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Responses to Reagan: Congressional Actions to Deny Executive Designs T2 - 105th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association AN - 42407939; 5391178 JF - 105th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association AU - Ginsberg, Wendy Y1 - 2009/09/03/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 03 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42407939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=105th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Political+Science+Association&rft.atitle=Responses+to+Reagan%3A+Congressional+Actions+to+Deny+Executive+Designs&rft.au=Ginsberg%2C+Wendy&rft.aulast=Ginsberg&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.date=2009-09-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=105th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Political+Science+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.apsanet.org/_pdf/2009program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Managing Uncertainty in the U.S. Senate: Procedural Innovation and Routinization T2 - 105th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association AN - 42395408; 5389901 JF - 105th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association AU - Beth, Richard AU - Heitshusen, Valerie AU - Heniff Jr, Bill AU - Rybicki, Elizabeth Y1 - 2009/09/03/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 03 KW - USA KW - Innovations KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42395408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=105th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Political+Science+Association&rft.atitle=Managing+Uncertainty+in+the+U.S.+Senate%3A+Procedural+Innovation+and+Routinization&rft.au=Beth%2C+Richard%3BHeitshusen%2C+Valerie%3BHeniff+Jr%2C+Bill%3BRybicki%2C+Elizabeth&rft.aulast=Beth&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2009-09-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=105th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Political+Science+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.apsanet.org/_pdf/2009program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Politics of Shared Power in the 'War on Terror' T2 - 105th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association AN - 42391053; 5392573 JF - 105th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association AU - Fisher, Louis AU - Oldmeadow, Anna Y1 - 2009/09/03/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 03 KW - Politics KW - War KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42391053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=105th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Political+Science+Association&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+Shared+Power+in+the+%27War+on+Terror%27&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Louis%3BOldmeadow%2C+Anna&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.date=2009-09-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=105th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Political+Science+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.apsanet.org/_pdf/2009program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Russian Energy Policy toward Neighboring Countries AN - 58843703; 2010-442849 AB - Russian firms have tried to purchase a controlling stake in pipelines, ports, storage facilities, and other key energy assets of the countries of central and eastern Europe; and many countries of the region are concerned that Russia may use their energy dependency to interfere in their domestic affairs or to force them to make foreign policy concessions. The US has strongly advocated the building of multiple pipelines from Central Asia and Azerbaijan to Europe. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 2 2009, 22 pp. AU - Woehrel, Steven Y1 - 2009/09/02/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 02 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Energy resources and policy - Energy policy KW - International relations - International relations KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Maritime and inland water transport KW - United States KW - Energy policy KW - Economic relations KW - Europe KW - Pipelines KW - Russian Federation KW - Central Asia KW - Ports KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58843703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Woehrel%2C+Steven&rft.aulast=Woehrel&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2009-09-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Russian+Energy+Policy+toward+Neighboring+Countries&rft.title=Russian+Energy+Policy+toward+Neighboring+Countries&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34261_20090902.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL34261 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Angiopoietin-like Protein 2 Promotes Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Obesity-Related Systemic Insulin Resistance AN - 21118888; 11088275 AB - Recent studies of obesity have provided new insights into the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation. Numerous efforts have been made to identify key regulators of obesity-linked adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. We found that angiopoietin-like protein 2 (Angptl2) was secreted by adipose tissue and that its circulating level was closely related to adiposity, systemic insulin resistance, and inflammation in both mice and humans. Angptl2 activated an inflammatory cascade in endothelial cells via integrin signaling and induced chemotaxis of monocytes/macrophages. Constitutive Angptl2 activation in vivo induced inflammation of the vasculature characterized by abundant attachment of leukocytes to the vessel walls and increased permeability. Angptl2 deletion ameliorated adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. Conversely, Angptl2 overexpression in adipose tissue caused local inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in nonobese mice. Thus, Angptl2 is a key adipocyte-derived inflammatory mediator that links obesity to systemic insulin resistance. JF - Cell Metabolism AU - Tabata, Mitsuhisa AU - Kadomatsu, Tsuyoshi AU - Fukuhara, Shigetomo AU - Miyata, Keishi AU - Ito, Yasuhiro AU - Endo, Motoyoshi AU - Urano, Takashi AU - Zhu, Hui Juan AU - Tsukano, Hiroto AU - Tazume, Hirokazu AU - Kaikita, Koichi AU - Miyashita, Kazuya AU - Iwawaki, Takao AU - Shimabukuro, Michio AU - Sakaguchi, Kazuhiko AU - Ito, Takaaki AU - Nakagata, Naomi AU - Yamada, Tetsuya AU - Katagiri, Hideki AU - Kasuga, Masato AU - Ando, Yukio AU - Ogawa, Hisao AU - Mochizuki, Naoki AU - Itoh, Hiroshi AU - Suda, Toshio AU - Oike, Yuichi AD - Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan, oike@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp Y1 - 2009/09/02/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 02 SP - 178 EP - 188 PB - Cell Press, 1100 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02138 USA VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 1550-4131, 1550-4131 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Promotion KW - Animal subjects KW - Proteins KW - Fats KW - Hormones KW - Inflammation KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21118888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Angiopoietin-like+Protein+2+Promotes+Chronic+Adipose+Tissue+Inflammation+and+Obesity-Related+Systemic+Insulin+Resistance&rft.au=Tabata%2C+Mitsuhisa%3BKadomatsu%2C+Tsuyoshi%3BFukuhara%2C+Shigetomo%3BMiyata%2C+Keishi%3BIto%2C+Yasuhiro%3BEndo%2C+Motoyoshi%3BUrano%2C+Takashi%3BZhu%2C+Hui+Juan%3BTsukano%2C+Hiroto%3BTazume%2C+Hirokazu%3BKaikita%2C+Koichi%3BMiyashita%2C+Kazuya%3BIwawaki%2C+Takao%3BShimabukuro%2C+Michio%3BSakaguchi%2C+Kazuhiko%3BIto%2C+Takaaki%3BNakagata%2C+Naomi%3BYamada%2C+Tetsuya%3BKatagiri%2C+Hideki%3BKasuga%2C+Masato%3BAndo%2C+Yukio%3BOgawa%2C+Hisao%3BMochizuki%2C+Naoki%3BItoh%2C+Hiroshi%3BSuda%2C+Toshio%3BOike%2C+Yuichi&rft.aulast=Tabata&rft.aufirst=Mitsuhisa&rft.date=2009-09-02&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+Metabolism&rft.issn=15504131&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cmet.2009.08.003 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hormones; Inflammation; Fats; Obesity; Animal subjects; Proteins; Promotion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2009.08.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Global Securitized Subprime Market Crisis AN - 745605982; 12507485 AB - This paper examines the global securitized subprime crisis through the lens of core general principles of political economy. The principle of historical specificity is used to situate the crisis in cycles and historical time. The principle of circular and cumulative causation scrutinizes the role of multiple factors and how they cumulatively impact on the system. The principle of contradiction explores the relationship between finance and industry through deregulation and changing industrial leadership at the global level. The principles of financial innovation and heterogeneous agents link to the intricacies of the different roles of economic agents in the circuit of mortgages and securitization. And finally the principle of risk and uncertainty examines the contradictory role of complex institutions and calculative models of risk in the generation of high systemic uncertainty during booms in the cycle. JF - Review of Radical Political Economics AU - O'Hara, Phillip Anthony AD - Global Political Economy Research Unit, Curtin Business School, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia. 6845, philoharal@yahoo.com Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 318 EP - 334 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0486-6134, 0486-6134 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - deregulation KW - Crises KW - Politics KW - Globalization KW - loans KW - Reviews KW - Economics KW - innovations KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745605982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Radical+Political+Economics&rft.atitle=The+Global+Securitized+Subprime+Market+Crisis&rft.au=O%27Hara%2C+Phillip+Anthony&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Review+of+Radical+Political+Economics&rft.issn=04866134&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0486613409336179 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - loans; Historical account; deregulation; Politics; Crises; Reviews; Economics; Globalization; innovations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613409336179 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Protection for Pre-1972 Sound Recordings under State Law and Its Impact on Use by Nonprofit Institutions: A 10-State Analysis. CLIR Publication No. 146 AN - 742873622; ED509214 AB - This is the third of three studies of copyright and sound recordings commissioned by the National Recording Preservation Board (NRPB) in support of the congressionally mandated study of the state of audio preservation in the United States. All three studies have focused on how laws pertaining to sound recordings made before 1972 affect preservation of and access to audio recordings. As readers of the previous two studies know, sound recordings made before February 15, 1972, do not benefit from federal copyright protection. In the absence of a national law, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, individual states passed anti-piracy and other laws to protect producers of sound recordings from unauthorized duplication and sale of recordings. In this study, Professor Peter Jaszi and students in the Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property at American University's Washington College of Law examine criminal and civil laws of 10 states, as well as judicial decisions and common law, pertaining to sound recordings fixed before 1972. The authors provide a brief history of the formulation of these laws and examine the laws and court cases that may determine the extent to which nonprofit institutions may preserve and disseminate pre-1972 recordings. (Contains 489 footnotes.) [This paper was prepared by the the Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, Washington College of Law, American University under the supervision of Peter Jaszi with the assistance of Nick Lewis. It was commissioned for and sponsored by the National Recording Preservation Board of the Library of Congress and co-published by the Council on Library and Information Resources and the Library of Congress. For "Copyright and Related Issues Relevant to Digital Preservation and Dissemination of Unpublished Pre-1972 Sound Recordings by Libraries and Archives," see ED509213. For "Copyright Issues Relevant to Digital Preservation and Dissemination of Pre-1972 Commercial Sound Recordings by Libraries and Archives. CLIR Publication No. 135," see ED509330.] Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 101 PB - Council on Library and Information Resources. 1755 Massachusetts Avenue NW Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036. KW - Common Law KW - United States KW - Alabama KW - California KW - Florida KW - Illinois KW - Massachusetts KW - New Jersey KW - New York KW - North Carolina KW - Ohio KW - Wisconsin KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Crime KW - State Legislation KW - Content Analysis KW - Copyrights KW - Laws KW - Access to Information KW - Audio Equipment KW - Ownership KW - Court Litigation KW - Preservation KW - Nonprint Media KW - Time Perspective UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742873622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781932326345&rft.btitle=Protection+for+Pre-1972+Sound+Recordings+under+State+Law+and+Its+Impact+on+Use+by+Nonprofit+Institutions%3A+A+10-State+Analysis.+CLIR+Publication+No.+146&rft.title=Protection+for+Pre-1972+Sound+Recordings+under+State+Law+and+Its+Impact+on+Use+by+Nonprofit+Institutions%3A+A+10-State+Analysis.+CLIR+Publication+No.+146&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid in prostate and breast cancer. AN - 67661968; 19761424 AB - The anti-estrogen treatment for hormone-sensitive breast cancer and the androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer can lead to the development of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Metastases associated with prostate and breast cancer can also occur in bone. Bisphosphonates are used in these types of bone dysfunction. Zoledronic acid is the most potent bisphosphonate. In osteoporosis, zoledronic acid inhibits bone reabsorption and increases bone mineral density for at least a year after intravenous administration. The efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid in osteoporosis secondary to hormone-sensitive cancers (prostate and breast), and in the bone metastases associated with these cancers are reviewed. JF - Expert review of anticancer therapy AU - Doggrell, Sheila A AD - School of Life Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2334, QLD 4001, Australia. sheila.doggrell@qut.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 1211 EP - 1218 VL - 9 IS - 9 KW - Bone Density Conservation Agents KW - 0 KW - Diphosphonates KW - Imidazoles KW - zoledronic acid KW - 6XC1PAD3KF KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Density -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Bone Density Conservation Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Bone Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Bone Density Conservation Agents -- pharmacology KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Male KW - Female KW - Bone Neoplasms -- secondary KW - Bone Density Conservation Agents -- adverse effects KW - Diphosphonates -- pharmacology KW - Breast Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Diphosphonates -- therapeutic use KW - Imidazoles -- pharmacology KW - Diphosphonates -- adverse effects KW - Breast Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Imidazoles -- therapeutic use KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Imidazoles -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67661968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+review+of+anticancer+therapy&rft.atitle=Clinical+efficacy+and+safety+of+zoledronic+acid+in+prostate+and+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Doggrell%2C+Sheila+A&rft.aulast=Doggrell&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Expert+review+of+anticancer+therapy&rft.issn=1744-8328&rft_id=info:doi/10.1586%2Fera.09.95 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2009-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2009-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/era.09.95 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Greywater treatment by UVC/H2O2. AN - 67645963; 19656542 AB - Greywater treatment by UVC/H(2)O(2) was investigated with regard to the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). A COD reduction from 225 to 30 mgl(-1) (overall removal of 87%) was achieved after settling overnight and subsequent irradiation for 3h with 10mM H(2)O(2). Most of the contaminants were removed by oxidation since only 13% COD was removed by settlement. The removal of COD in the greywater followed a second-order kinetic equation, r=0.0637[COD][H(2)O(2)], up to 10mM H(2)O(2). A slightly enhanced COD removal was observed at the initial pH of 10 compared with pH 3 and 7. This was attributed to the dissociation of H(2)O(2) to O(2)H(-). The treatment was not affected by total concentration of carbonate (c(T)) of at least 3 mM, above which operation between pH 3 and 5 was essential. The initial biodegradability of the settled greywater (as BOD(5):COD) was 0.22. After 2h UVC/H(2)O(2) treatment, a higher proportion of the residual contaminants was biodegradable (BOD(5):COD=0.41) which indicated its potential as a pre-treatment for a biological process. JF - Water research AU - Chin, W H AU - Roddick, F A AU - Harris, J L AD - School of Civil, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia. Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 3940 EP - 3947 VL - 43 IS - 16 KW - Anions KW - 0 KW - Bicarbonates KW - Carbonates KW - Chlorides KW - Water Pollutants KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bicarbonates -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Carbonates -- analysis KW - Anions -- analysis KW - Kinetics KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Chlorides -- analysis KW - Photochemical Processes KW - Oxygen -- analysis KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid -- methods KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- analysis KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67645963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+research&rft.atitle=Greywater+treatment+by+UVC%2FH2O2.&rft.au=Chin%2C+W+H%3BRoddick%2C+F+A%3BHarris%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Chin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=3940&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+research&rft.issn=1879-2448&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.watres.2009.06.050 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2009-10-06 N1 - Date created - 2009-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.050 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical role of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 in aldosterone/salt-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. AN - 67591359; 19581502 AB - The molecular mechanism underlying aldosterone/salt-induced cardiovascular injury remains to be defined. This work was undertaken to determine the role of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) in the mechanism underlying aldosterone-induced cardiac injury in vivo. We compared the in vivo effects of 4 weeks of aldosterone/salt treatment on wild-type and ASK1-deficient mice. Aldosterone infusion plus high salt intake in wild-type mice significantly increased blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion and decreased plasma potassium concentrations, and these effects of aldosterone/salt were not affected by ASK1 deficiency. Thus, ASK1 seems to play a minor role in aldosterone-induced hypertension and renal injury. ASK1 deficiency also failed to affect aldosterone-induced cardiac hypertrophy. However, ASK1 deficiency markedly ameliorated aldosterone-induced cardiac injury, eg, the enhancement of cardiac macrophage infiltration, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 expression, interstitial fibrosis, perivascular fibrosis, and transforming growth factor-beta1 and collagen type I expressions. Thus, ASK1 participates in aldosterone-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, the enhancement of NADPH oxidase-mediated cardiac oxidative stress caused by aldosterone infusion was markedly lessened by ASK1 deficiency, which was associated with the significant amelioration by ASK1 deficiency of aldosterone-induced cardiac Nox2 upregulation. Furthermore, aldosterone/salt treatment significantly enhanced cardiac expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor in wild-type mice, whereas the enhancement of these proteins by aldosterone/salt was abolished by ASK1 deficiency. Our results demonstrate that ASK1 is implicated in aldosterone/salt-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis through the enhancement of NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress and the upregulation of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system. JF - Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) AU - Nakamura, Taishi AU - Kataoka, Keiichiro AU - Fukuda, Masaya AU - Nako, Hisato AU - Tokutomi, Yoshiko AU - Dong, Yi-Fei AU - Ichijo, Hidenori AU - Ogawa, Hisao AU - Kim-Mitsuyama, Shokei AD - Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjyo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan. kimmitsu@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp. Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 544 EP - 551 VL - 54 IS - 3 KW - Ccl2 protein, mouse KW - 0 KW - Chemokine CCL2 KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 KW - Sodium Chloride, Dietary KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta1 KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Aldosterone KW - 4964P6T9RB KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - NADPH Oxidase KW - EC 1.6.3.1 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 KW - EC 2.7.11.25 KW - Map3k5 protein, mouse KW - Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A KW - EC 3.4.15.1 KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Fibrosis -- etiology KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta1 -- genetics KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Superoxides -- metabolism KW - Fibrosis -- blood KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 -- genetics KW - Male KW - Macrophages -- metabolism KW - NADPH Oxidase -- metabolism KW - Chemokine CCL2 -- genetics KW - Albuminuria -- urine KW - Inflammation -- urine KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Inflammation -- blood KW - Mice KW - Fibrosis -- urine KW - Macrophages -- pathology KW - Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A -- genetics KW - Inflammation -- etiology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Potassium -- blood KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Sodium -- blood KW - Female KW - Sodium Chloride, Dietary -- toxicity KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 -- metabolism KW - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 -- genetics KW - Sodium Chloride, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Aldosterone -- administration & dosage KW - Aldosterone -- toxicity KW - Myocardium -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67591359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hypertension+%28Dallas%2C+Tex.+%3A+1979%29&rft.atitle=Critical+role+of+apoptosis+signal-regulating+kinase+1+in+aldosterone%2Fsalt-induced+cardiac+inflammation+and+fibrosis.&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+Taishi%3BKataoka%2C+Keiichiro%3BFukuda%2C+Masaya%3BNako%2C+Hisato%3BTokutomi%2C+Yoshiko%3BDong%2C+Yi-Fei%3BIchijo%2C+Hidenori%3BOgawa%2C+Hisao%3BKim-Mitsuyama%2C+Shokei&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=Taishi&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=544&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hypertension+%28Dallas%2C+Tex.+%3A+1979%29&rft.issn=1524-4563&rft_id=info:doi/10.1161%2FHYPERTENSIONAHA.109.135392 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2009-09-18 N1 - Date created - 2009-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.135392 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monte Carlo simulation of various source-product geometries for a proposed multi-product gamma irradiator facility. AN - 67570521; 19667801 AB - Radiation processing plants are designed to deliver a prescribed dose to product materials within the acceptable uniformity to meet the national standards. The dose uniformity ratios for four different product geometries of a proposed 37 PBq (10(6) Ci) 60Co-based, multi-product irradiator facility in India are evaluated using the Monte Carlo method for various product densities, 0.15 g cm-3, 0.4 g cm-3, and 0.6 g cm-3. The calculations are also carried out using the point kernel method for comparison purposes. The agreement between Monte Carlo and point kernel methods is within 3 to 15%. The suitable product geometry is identified based on dose uniformity ratios. JF - Health physics AU - Biju, K AU - Selvam, T Palani AU - Lavale, D S AD - Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, CT & CRS, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India. bijusivolli@gmail.com Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 187 EP - 194 VL - 97 IS - 3 KW - Cobalt Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Computer Simulation KW - Facility Design and Construction -- standards KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - India KW - Food Irradiation -- standards KW - Gamma Rays KW - Food Irradiation -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67570521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Monte+Carlo+simulation+of+various+source-product+geometries+for+a+proposed+multi-product+gamma+irradiator+facility.&rft.au=Biju%2C+K%3BSelvam%2C+T+Palani%3BLavale%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Biju&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=1538-5159&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2FHP.0b013e3181ac4cd7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2009-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2009-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HP.0b013e3181ac4cd7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Globalisation, Gentrification and Spatial Hierarchies in and beyond New South Wales: the Local/Global Nexus AN - 61778142; 200936956 AB - Popular visions of globalisation envisage the collapse of physical space as a significant determinant in social relations. The rapid speed at which movements of capital and information occur are touted as evidence that the constraints of physical space are eroding. The emergence of a global network of persons referred to as the transnational elite further supports these popular perceptions. Characterised as highly educated professionals employed in globally aligned industries, the transnational elite seemingly construct their individual and group identities beyond the scale of the local. However, research undertaken in Newcastle and Sydney with gentrifiers actively constructing their 'global personas' problematise popular discourses of globalisation as contributing to the decline of space as fundamental to identity construction. As an emergent elite global community, the gentrifiers create complex cognitive maps of spatial desirability reinforcing the significance of specific places. Through this process, places are ranked according to their global significance forming complex spatial hierarchies. Consequently, some places are cast as global and hence desirable, while others are stigmatised as undesirable non-global spaces. Adapted from the source document. JF - Geographical Research AU - Rofe, Matthew W AD - Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Natural and Built Environments, The University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia matthew.rofe@unisa.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 292 EP - 305 PB - Blackwell Publishing Asia, Carlton South Victoria Australia VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 1745-5863, 1745-5863 KW - Global Local Relationship KW - Social Networks KW - Social Constructionism KW - Globalization KW - Australia KW - Transnationalism KW - Elites KW - Urban Renewal KW - Space KW - article KW - 2682: environmental interactions; social geography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61778142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Research&rft.atitle=Globalisation%2C+Gentrification+and+Spatial+Hierarchies+in+and+beyond+New+South+Wales%3A+the+Local%2FGlobal+Nexus&rft.au=Rofe%2C+Matthew+W&rft.aulast=Rofe&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geographical+Research&rft.issn=17455863&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1745-5871.2009.00574.x LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-21 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Globalization; Urban Renewal; Australia; Space; Elites; Transnationalism; Social Constructionism; Global Local Relationship; Social Networks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00574.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International adoption and child protection in Guatemala AN - 61362156; 200908175 AB - Guatemala's culture and history as well as its role as a major sending country for intercountry adoption are used as a context for discussing how intercountry adoption has influenced and affected the child protection system. A model for child protection development is offered. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright holder.] JF - International Social Work AU - McCreery Bunkers, Kelley AU - Groza, Victor AU - Lauer, Daniel P AD - c/o CRS Ethiopia, 228 Lexington St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA kelleybunkers@gmail.com Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 649 EP - 660 PB - Sage Publications, London UK VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0020-8728, 0020-8728 KW - child protection Guatemala Hague Convention intercountry adoption system reform KW - Culture KW - Child Welfare Services KW - Guatemala KW - Congresses and Conventions KW - International Adoption KW - article KW - 6143: child & family welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61362156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Social+Work&rft.atitle=International+adoption+and+child+protection+in+Guatemala&rft.au=McCreery+Bunkers%2C+Kelley%3BGroza%2C+Victor%3BLauer%2C+Daniel+P&rft.aulast=McCreery+Bunkers&rft.aufirst=Kelley&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Social+Work&rft.issn=00208728&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0020872809337676 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-21 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - ISCWBL N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Guatemala; International Adoption; Culture; Congresses and Conventions; Child Welfare Services DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809337676 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gendered relations to working time and union agreements: Contradictory outcomes in acute and community nursing settings in Australia AN - 60330382; 200948571 AB - The intensification of working time is a major impediment to the recruitment and retention of nurses worldwide. This article examines the outcomes of negotiations between the Australian Nursing Federation (South Australia), the major nursing union and the South Australian Government, with a particular focus on working-time tools introduced to deintensify nurses' labour. The article compares two strategies negotiated by the union: one for public sector nurses working in acute hospitals where the throughput of patients is short term, the other in the community sector where most patients have chronic mental or physical conditions and their care requirements are long term. The outcomes of the two tools for reducing work intensification reflect gendered relations to time, but are contradictory in terms of control over the labour process. The tool used in the acute sector is highly successful in reducing work intensity but shifts control of the labour process to management. The community-based tool provides nurses with control over the labour process, but is less successful in reducing work intensification or working hours. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright holder.] JF - Time & Society AU - Willis, Eileen AU - Henderson, Julie AU - Toffoli, Luisa AU - Walter, Bonnie AD - Social Health Sciences, Flinders Prevention, Promotion and Primary Health Care, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Sturt Building, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia eileen.willis@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 246 EP - 263 PB - Sage Publications, London UK VL - 18 IS - 2-3 SN - 0961-463X, 0961-463X KW - Enterprise Bargaining gendered time nursing work intensity KW - Sex Role Identity KW - Flexibility KW - Nurses KW - Working Hours KW - article KW - 2983: feminist/gender studies; sociology of gender & gender relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60330382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Gendered+relations+to+working+time+and+union+agreements%3A+Contradictory+outcomes+in+acute+and+community+nursing+settings+in+Australia&rft.au=Willis%2C+Eileen%3BHenderson%2C+Julie%3BToffoli%2C+Luisa%3BWalter%2C+Bonnie&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Time+%26+Society&rft.issn=0961463X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0961463X09337558 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-21 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - TIMSEB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nurses; Working Hours; Flexibility; Sex Role Identity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463X09337558 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Still standing: neighbourhood wars and political stability in Guinea AN - 60053113; 200932415 AB - The Republic of Guinea is located in a particularly turbulent region. However, while several conflicts in neighbouring countries -- Guinea-Bissau, Liberia and Sierra Leone -- have spilled over Guinea's borders, the country's central government has displayed a seemingly unlikely stability. Until a bloodless coup in December 2008 brought a military junta to power, the country had had only two presidents since independence, both of whom died of natural causes while still in office. Ahmed Sekou Toure, Guinea's first leader, deftly used the anti-colonial insurgency in neighbouring Guinea-Bissau to enhance his political credentials and control domestic and international opposition. The administration of the late President Lansana Conte leveraged regional warfare to solidify its command over remote provinces, increase government revenues, bolster military capacity, and improve regional diplomatic relations. This paper supports the analysis of civil wars as regional phenomena, while shedding light on mechanisms that may interact in counter-intuitive ways with the dynamics of state strength. Adapted from the source document. JF - The Journal of Modern African Studies AU - Arieff, Alexis AD - Africa analyst, Congressional Research Service, 101 Independence Ave, SE, Washington, DC 20540, USA alexisarieff@gmail.com Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 331 EP - 348 PB - Cambridge University Press, UK VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0022-278X, 0022-278X KW - Central Government KW - Borders KW - Presidents KW - War KW - Guinea KW - International Relations KW - Stability KW - article KW - 9085: government/political systems; national governments/political systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60053113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Still+standing%3A+neighbourhood+wars+and+political+stability+in+Guinea&rft.au=Arieff%2C+Alexis&rft.aulast=Arieff&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+Modern+African+Studies&rft.issn=0022278X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0022278X09004108 LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-21 N1 - Number of references - 63 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JMAFAU N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Guinea; Presidents; War; Stability; International Relations; Central Government; Borders DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X09004108 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Fall and Rise of Household Saving AN - 58826020; 2008-423471 AB - Household saving provides funds to finance domestic investment and is the means by which workers accumulate wealth and maintain their living standard into retirement. As policymakers have been looking for ways to increase spending to minimize the downturn and get the economy growing again, households have begun to save more; and it may be that the economic downturn is limiting the saving response to the decline in household net worth -- If that is the case, the saving rate might be expected to continue to rise, or at least remain steady at current levels, when the economy begins to recover. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Sep 1 2009, 11 pp. AU - Cashell, Brian W Y1 - 2009/09/01/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 01 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Population groups, population policy, and demographics - Demography and census KW - Banking and public and private finance - Credit, loans, and personal finance KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - Banking and public and private finance - Investments and securities KW - Investments KW - Saving KW - Personal finance KW - Households KW - Economic conditions KW - Cost and standard of living KW - Retirement income KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58826020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Cashell%2C+Brian+W&rft.aulast=Cashell&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Fall+and+Rise+of+Household+Saving&rft.title=The+Fall+and+Rise+of+Household+Saving&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40647_20090901.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40647 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Best Practices for Presentation of E-Journal Titles on Provider Web Sites and in Other E-Content Products AN - 57689738; 200913569 AB - As a result of inaccurate displays of journal metadata in e-content access tools and on Web sites, researchers and readers do not find the content they are seeking, and the full value of e-content services is not realized. A group will be formed later this year to develop a set of NISO best practices for presentation of e-journal titles, provision of correct ISSN information, and other basic bibliographic data on provider Web sites and in other e-content products. [Copyright Elsevier Inc.] JF - Serials Review AU - Hawkins, Les AD - CONSER, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540-4160, USA lhaw@loc.gov Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 168 EP - 169 PB - Elsevier, San Diego CA VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0098-7913, 0098-7913 KW - Web sites KW - Best practice KW - Electronic periodicals KW - Metadata KW - article KW - 13.14: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL - SEARCHING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57689738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Serials+Review&rft.atitle=Best+Practices+for+Presentation+of+E-Journal+Titles+on+Provider+Web+Sites+and+in+Other+E-Content+Products&rft.au=Hawkins%2C+Les&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=Les&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Serials+Review&rft.issn=00987913&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metadata; Electronic periodicals; Web sites; Best practice ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Study and Comparison of Multimedia Web Searching: 1997-2006 AN - 57687766; 200911737 AB - Searching for multimedia is an important activity for users of Web search engines. Studying user's interactions with Web search engine multimedia buttons, including image, audio, and video, is important for the development of multimedia Web search systems. This article provides results from a Weblog analysis study of multimedia Web searching by Dogpile users in 2006. The study analyzes the (a) duration, size, and structure of Web search queries and sessions; (b) user demographics; (c) most popular multimedia Web searching terms; and (d) use of advanced Web search techniques including Boolean and natural language. The current study findings are compared with results from previous multimedia Web searching studies. The key findings are: (a) Since 1997, image search consistently is the dominant media type searched followed by audio and video; (b) multimedia search duration is still short (>50% of searching episodes are <1 min), using few search terms; (c) many multimedia searches are for information about people, especially in audio search; and (d) multimedia search has begun to shift from entertainment to other categories such as medical, sports, and technology (based on the most repeated terms). Implications for design of Web multimedia search engines are discussed. [Copyright Wiley Periodicals Inc.] JF - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology AU - Tjondronegoro, Dian AU - Spink, Amanda AU - Jansen, Bernard J AD - Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia dian@qut.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 1756 EP - 1768 PB - Wiley Subscription Services, Hoboken NJ VL - 60 IS - 9 SN - 1532-2882, 1532-2882 KW - Multimedia KW - Searching KW - article KW - 13.14: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL - SEARCHING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57687766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Society+for+Information+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=A+Study+and+Comparison+of+Multimedia+Web+Searching%3A+1997-2006&rft.au=Tjondronegoro%2C+Dian%3BSpink%2C+Amanda%3BJansen%2C+Bernard+J&rft.aulast=Tjondronegoro&rft.aufirst=Dian&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1756&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Society+for+Information+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=15322882&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-02 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Searching; Multimedia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Which "Linked Data" Means "A Better Web" AN - 57683454; 200911695 AB - The main point of linked data is building a better web. The way the web is built has changed steadily over the years, but the importance of links in the web has continually increased; after all, there is no web without links. According to Tim Berners-Lee, there are four principles of linked data: using URIs (uniform resource identifiers) as names, using HTTP URIs, providing useful information at those HTTP URIs, and linking to other useful information. Nice, clean, bookmarkable URLs (uniform resource locators) are helpful because they can enable a user to link to his/her stuff better on the web. It will also improve the usefulness of sites and content on the web itself. Adapted from the source document. JF - Computers in Libraries AU - Chudnov, Daniel AD - Office of Strategic Initiatives at the Library of Congress daniel.chudnov@gmail.com Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 31 EP - 33 PB - Information Today Inc VL - 29 IS - 8 SN - 1041-7915, 1041-7915 KW - Web sites KW - Links KW - Uniform Resource Locators KW - article KW - 13.14: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL - SEARCHING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57683454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+in+Libraries&rft.atitle=In+Which+%22Linked+Data%22+Means+%22A+Better+Web%22&rft.au=Chudnov%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Chudnov&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+in+Libraries&rft.issn=10417915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-02 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Links; Uniform Resource Locators; Web sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review: A systematic review of the literature comparing the practices of dispensing and non-dispensing doctors AN - 57297400; 200925618 AB - Objectives Some doctors perform the dual roles of prescribing and dispensing pharmaceuticals. The dispensing doctors (DDs) role may give rise to prescribing behaviours that vary from those of non-DDs. The aim of this review was to systematically and comparatively appraise the research evidence related to the practices of DDs. Methods A systematic search of bibliographic databases and reference lists from selected papers were the sources of the data. Inclusion criteria were papers published in English, between 1970 and 2008 that provided quantitative data comparing the practices of DDs and non-DDs. At least two of the authors abstracted data from all eligible papers using a purpose-made data extraction form. Results Twenty-one papers were included in this review. Evidence indicated that DDs prescribed more pharmaceutical items and less often generically than non-DDs. There was limited evidence to suggest that DDs prescribed less judiciously and were associated with poor dispensing standards. Patient convenience and access to pharmaceuticals were main reasons for doctors to dispense. Conclusion DDs can fill an important gap in the provision of pharmaceuticals for their patients especially where health workforce shortages exist. There was evidence the dispensing role influenced prescribing. Patient convenience should be balanced against scarce medical resources, being utilised for dispensing. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.] JF - Health Policy AU - Lim, David AU - Emery, Jon AU - Lewis, Janice AU - Sunderland, V Bruce AD - School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Australia chee.lim@postgrad.curtin.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier, Kidlington Oxford UK VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0168-8510, 0168-8510 KW - Dispensing doctors Prescribing behaviour Physicians Quality of health care Prescription practice Drug prescriptions KW - Prescriptions KW - Doctors KW - Shortages KW - Occupational health and safety KW - Prescribed KW - Prescribing KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57297400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Policy&rft.atitle=Review%3A+A+systematic+review+of+the+literature+comparing+the+practices+of+dispensing+and+non-dispensing+doctors&rft.au=Lim%2C+David%3BEmery%2C+Jon%3BLewis%2C+Janice%3BSunderland%2C+V+Bruce&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Policy&rft.issn=01688510&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.healthpol.2009.01.008 LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-02 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Doctors; Prescribing; Prescriptions; Prescribed; Occupational health and safety; Shortages DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.01.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How society makes itself: the evolution of political and economic institutions AN - 37158816; 3878903 JF - Review of radical political economics AU - Sherman, Howard J AU - O'Hara, Phillip Anthony AU - O'Hara, Phillip Anthony AD - Global Political Research Unit Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth,WA 6845 Australia, Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 389 EP - 391 PB - M.E. Sharpe VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0486-6134, 0486-6134 KW - Sociology KW - Political Science KW - Economics KW - Historical analysis KW - Social change KW - Capitalist development KW - Institutions KW - Political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/37158816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Review+of+radical+political+economics&rft.atitle=How+society+makes+itself%3A+the+evolution+of+political+and+economic+institutions&rft.au=Sherman%2C+Howard+J%3BO%27Hara%2C+Phillip+Anthony&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=0765616513&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Review+of+radical+political+economics&rft.issn=04866134&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0486613409334865 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 9684; 11783; 2015 2012 4018 9713 6203; 6590; 5873 971 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613409334865 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Etiologies of Bacterial Meningitis in Bangladesh: Results from a Hospital-Based Study AN - 21274501; 11848189 AB - We conducted a study at four hospitals from June 2003 to July 2005 to investigate the etiologies of bacterial meningitis in Bangladesh. A total of 2,609 patients met the clinical case definition, and 766 had cerebrospinal fluid tested by at least one of the following methods: latex agglutination, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, or real-time polymerase chain reaction for Neisseria meningitidis A and C, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib); culture results were noted from patient records. In total, 189 patients (24%) of those tested, representing all age groups, were diagnosed with bacterial meningitis; 136 (18%) had meningococcal, 23 (3%) had pneumococcal, and 25 (3%) had Hib infection. Twenty percent of patients with Hib meningitis (5/25) were > 15 years old. Case-fatality ratios were 10% for N. meningitidis, 22% for S. pneumoniae, and 24% for Hib. Bacterial meningitis from vaccinepreventable pathogens causes significant morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh in adults and children. JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AU - Gurley, E S AU - Hossain, MJ AU - Montgomery, S P AU - Petersen, L R AU - Sejvar, J J AU - Mayer, L W AU - Whitney, A AU - Dull, P AU - Nahar, N AU - Uddin, AKMR AU - Rahman, ME AU - Ekram, ARMS AU - Luby, S P AU - Breiman, R F AD - ICDDR, B, GPO 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh, egurley@icddrb.org Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Mortality KW - Age KW - Etiology KW - Haemophilus influenzae KW - Latex agglutination KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Pathogens KW - Children KW - Infection KW - Morbidity KW - Meningitis KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Cerebrospinal fluid KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - rRNA 16S KW - Hospitals KW - N3 11023:Neurogenetics KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21274501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Etiologies+of+Bacterial+Meningitis+in+Bangladesh%3A+Results+from+a+Hospital-Based+Study&rft.au=Gurley%2C+E+S%3BHossain%2C+MJ%3BMontgomery%2C+S+P%3BPetersen%2C+L+R%3BSejvar%2C+J+J%3BMayer%2C+L+W%3BWhitney%2C+A%3BDull%2C+P%3BNahar%2C+N%3BUddin%2C+AKMR%3BRahman%2C+ME%3BEkram%2C+ARMS%3BLuby%2C+S+P%3BBreiman%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gurley&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Etiology; Age; Latex agglutination; Pathogens; Infection; Children; Morbidity; Meningitis; Cerebrospinal fluid; Polymerase chain reaction; rRNA 16S; Hospitals; Bacteria; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Haemophilus influenzae; Neisseria meningitidis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Face of a Well-Known Hazard: Arsenic Alters H1N1 Response in Mice AN - 21267901; 11702324 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Washam, Cynthia Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - A406 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Hazards KW - Arsenic KW - Mice KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21267901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=New+Face+of+a+Well-Known+Hazard%3A+Arsenic+Alters+H1N1+Response+in+Mice&rft.au=Washam%2C+Cynthia&rft.aulast=Washam&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=A406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Arsenic; Mice ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary Fat Alters Body Composition, Mammary Development, and Cytochrome P450 Induction after Maternal TCDD Exposure in DBA/2J Mice with Low-Responsive Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors AN - 21263810; 11704162 AB - Background Increased fat intake is associated with obesity and may make obese individuals uniquely susceptible to the effects of lipophilic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands. Objectives We investigated the consequences of high-fat diet (HFD) and AHR ligands on body composition, mammary development, and hepatic P450 expression. Methods Pregnant C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) dams, respectively expressing high- or low-responsive AHR, were dosed at mid-gestation with TCDD. At parturition, mice were placed on an HFD or a low-fat diet (LFD). Body fat of progeny was measured before dosing with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Fasting blood glucose was measured, and liver and mammary glands were analyzed. Results Maternal TCDD exposure resulted in reduced litter size in D2 mice and, on HFD, reduced postpartum survival in B6 mice. In D2 mice, HFD increased body mass and fat in off-spring, induced precocious mammary gland development, and increased AHR expression compared with mice given an LFD. Maternal TCDD exposure increased hepatic Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 expression in offspring on both diets, but DMBA depressed Cyp1b1 expression only in mice fed an HFD. In D2 progeny, TCDD exposure decreased mammary terminal end bud size, and DMBA exposure decreased the number of terminal end buds. Only in D2 progeny fed HFD did perinatal TCDD increase blood glucose and the size of mammary fat pads, while decreasing both branch elongation and the number of terminal end buds. Conclusions We conclude that despite having a low-responsive AHR, D2 progeny fed a diet similar to that consumed by most people are susceptible to TCDD and DMBA exposure effects blood glucose levels, mammary differentiation, and hepatic Cyp1 expression. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - La Merrill, Michele AU - Kuruvilla, Bittu S AU - Pomp, Daniel AU - Birnbaum, Linda S AU - Threadgill, David W AD - Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Toxicology, Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, Lineberger Cancer Center and Carolina Genome Sciences Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1414 EP - 1419 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - aryl hydrocarbon receptor KW - fetal loss KW - gene-environment interactions KW - mouse KW - obesity KW - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) KW - Diets KW - Litter KW - Dams KW - Liver KW - TCDD KW - Mice KW - buds KW - survival KW - offspring KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21263810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Dietary+Fat+Alters+Body+Composition%2C+Mammary+Development%2C+and+Cytochrome+P450+Induction+after+Maternal+TCDD+Exposure+in+DBA%2F2J+Mice+with+Low-Responsive+Aryl+Hydrocarbon+Receptors&rft.au=La+Merrill%2C+Michele%3BKuruvilla%2C+Bittu+S%3BPomp%2C+Daniel%3BBirnbaum%2C+Linda+S%3BThreadgill%2C+David+W&rft.aulast=La+Merrill&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800530 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Litter; Dams; Liver; TCDD; Mice; survival; buds; offspring DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800530 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low-Dose Arsenic Compromises the Immune Response to Influenza A Infection in Vivo AN - 21263272; 11702318 AB - Background Arsenic exposure is a significant worldwide environmental health concern. We recently reported that 5-week exposure to environmentally relevant levels (10 and 100 ppb) of As in drinking water significantly altered components of the innate immune response in mouse lung, which we hypothesize is an important contributor to the increased risk of lung disease in exposed human populations. Objectives We investigated the effects of As exposure on respiratory influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, a common and potentially fatal disease. Methods In this study, we exposed C57BL/6J mice to 100 ppb As in drinking water for 5 weeks, followed by intranasal inoculation with a sub lethal dose of influenza A/PuertoRico/8/34 (H1N1) virus. Multiple end points were assessed postinfection. Results Arsenic was associated with a number of significant changes in response to influenza, including an increase in morbidity and higher pulmonary influenza virus titers on day 7 post-infection. We also found many alterations in the immune response relative to As-unexposed controls, including a decrease in the number of dendritic cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes early in the course of infection. Conclusions Our data indicate that chronic As exposure significantly compromises the immune response to infection. Alterations in response to repeated lung infection may also contribute to other chronic illnesses, such as bronchiectasis, which is elevated by As exposure in epidemiology studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kozul, Courtney D AU - Ely, Kenneth H AU - Enelow, Richard I AU - Hamilton, Joshua W AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1441 EP - 1447 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - arsenic KW - dendritic cells KW - influenza KW - innate immune system KW - mouse lung KW - Influenza A KW - Environmental health KW - Infection KW - Morbidity KW - Dendritic cells KW - Drinking Water KW - Exposure KW - lymph nodes KW - infection KW - Diseases KW - Arsenic KW - Data processing KW - Bronchiectasis KW - Lung diseases KW - Mice KW - Toxicity KW - Human Population KW - Lymph nodes KW - Influenza virus KW - Epidemiology KW - Lung KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Chronic infection KW - Inoculation KW - human populations KW - Immune response KW - Drinking water KW - Lethal dose KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - F 06915:Cancer Immunology KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21263272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Low-Dose+Arsenic+Compromises+the+Immune+Response+to+Influenza+A+Infection+in+Vivo&rft.au=Kozul%2C+Courtney+D%3BEly%2C+Kenneth+H%3BEnelow%2C+Richard+I%3BHamilton%2C+Joshua+W&rft.aulast=Kozul&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900911 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Data processing; Bronchiectasis; Influenza A; Lung diseases; Lymph nodes; Morbidity; Dendritic cells; Epidemiology; Chronic infection; Inoculation; Immune response; Drinking water; Lethal dose; Lung; lymph nodes; infection; Environmental health; Mice; human populations; influenza; Drinking Water; Water Pollution Effects; Exposure; Human Population; Diseases; Toxicity; Infection; Influenza virus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900911 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Framework for Examining Social Stress and Susceptibility to Air Pollution in Respiratory Health AN - 21260477; 11702312 AB - Objective There is growing interest in disentangling the health effects of spatially clustered social and physical environmental exposures and in exploring potential synergies among them, with particular attention directed to the combined effects of psychosocial stress and air pollution. Both exposures may be elevated in lower-income urban communities, and it has been hypothesized that stress, which can influence immune function and susceptibility, may potentiate the effects of air pollution in respiratory disease onset and exacerbation. In this paper, we attempt to synthesize the relevant research from social and environmental epidemiology, toxicology, immunology, and exposure assessment to provide a useful framework for environmental health researchers aiming to investigate the health effects of environmental pollution in combination with social or psychological factors. Data synthesis We review the existing epidemiologic and toxicologic evidence on synergistic effects of stress and pollution, and then describe the physiologic effects of stress and key issues related to measuring and evaluating stress as it relates to physical environmental exposures and susceptibility. Finally, we identify some of the major methodologic challenges ahead as we work toward disentangling the health effects of clustered social and physical exposures and accurately describing the interplay among these exposures. Conclusions There is still tremendous work to be done toward understanding the combined and potentially synergistic health effects of stress and pollution. As this research proceeds, we recommend careful attention to the relative temporalities of stress and pollution exposures, to nonlinearities in their independent and combined effects, to physiologic pathways not elucidated by epidemiologic methods, and to the relative spatial distributions of social and physical exposures at multiple geographic scales. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Clougherty, Jane E AU - Kubzansky, Laura D AD - Department of Environmental Health and Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1351 EP - 1358 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - social stress KW - spatial analysis KW - synergistic effects KW - urban community health KW - Synergistic effects KW - Spatial distribution KW - Psychology KW - Immunology KW - Environmental health KW - Pollution effects KW - Stress KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Air pollution KW - spatial distribution KW - Reviews KW - Immune response KW - Toxicology KW - Urban areas KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21260477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+Framework+for+Examining+Social+Stress+and+Susceptibility+to+Air+Pollution+in+Respiratory+Health&rft.au=Clougherty%2C+Jane+E%3BKubzansky%2C+Laura+D&rft.aulast=Clougherty&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900612 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Synergistic effects; Spatial distribution; Psychology; Immunology; Stress; Pollution effects; Environmental health; Respiratory diseases; Air pollution; spatial distribution; Reviews; Immune response; Toxicology; Urban areas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900612 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workplace Exposures and the Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis AN - 21259823; 11704160 AB - Background Occupation has been suggested to play a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) etiology, but detailed information on the importance of specific workplace exposures is lacking. Objectives Our aim was to assess the relationship between workplace exposures and the risk of ALS and to evaluate potential interactions between these exposures and smoking. Methods We conducted a caseacontrol study in New England between 1993 and 1996, comprising 109 cases and 253 controls who completed a structured interview covering occupations and workplace exposures. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ALS. Analyses were conducted among the entire study population and after stratification by smoking. Results We observed a higher risk of ALS for construction workers excluding supervisors (OR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2a7.2) and precision metal workers (OR = 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2a10.5). Self-reported exposures to paint strippers; cutting, cooling, or lubricating oils; antifreeze or coolants; mineral or white spirits; and dry cleaning agents each appeared to be associated with a 60a90% higher risk. Specific chemicals related to a > 50% increase in risk of ALS included aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons, glycols, glycol ethers, and hexane. Relative risks associated with these workplace exposures and chemicals were greater among nonsmokers and persisted in mutually adjusted models. Conclusions Our data suggest that certain occupations and workplace exposures may be associated with increased risk of ALS. These results need to be confirmed in independent populations. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fang, Fang AU - Quinlan, Patricia AU - Ye, Weimin AU - Barber, Marie K AU - Umbach, David M AU - Sandler, Dale P AU - Kamel, Freya AD - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1387 EP - 1392 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis KW - chemicals KW - relative risk KW - risk factors KW - workplace exposures KW - Chemicals KW - Metals KW - Etiology KW - Stratification KW - cuttings KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Oil KW - Smoking KW - USA, New England KW - Ethers KW - Minerals KW - Construction industry KW - Paints KW - ENA 13:Population Planning & Control KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Workplace+Exposures+and+the+Risk+of+Amyotrophic+Lateral+Sclerosis&rft.au=Fang%2C+Fang%3BQuinlan%2C+Patricia%3BYe%2C+Weimin%3BBarber%2C+Marie+K%3BUmbach%2C+David+M%3BSandler%2C+Dale+P%3BKamel%2C+Freya&rft.aulast=Fang&rft.aufirst=Fang&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900580 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Chemicals; Metals; Smoking; Etiology; Stratification; Ethers; cuttings; Minerals; Construction industry; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Paints; USA, New England DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900580 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swine CAFOs & Novel H1N1 Flu: Separating Facts from Fears AN - 21259309; 11702323 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schmidt, Charles W Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - A394 EP - A401 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Influenza KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Swine+CAFOs+%26amp%3B+Novel+H1N1+Flu%3A+Separating+Facts+from+Fears&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Charles+W&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=A394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Influenza ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal and Early, but Not Late, Postnatal Exposure of Mice to Sidestream Tobacco Smoke Increases Airway Hyperresponsiveness Later in Life AN - 21258167; 11704163 AB - Background Cigarette smoke exposure in utero and during early postnatal development increases the incidence of asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) later in life, suggesting that a possible critical period of developmental sensitivity exists in the prenatal and early postnatal periods. Objective We investigated mechanisms of susceptibility during critical developmental periods to sidestream smoke (SS) exposure and evaluated the possible effects of SS on neural responses. Methods We exposed three different age groups of mice to either SS or filtered air (FA) for 10 consecutive days beginning on gestation day (GD) 7 by maternal exposure or beginning on postnatal day (PND) 2 or PND21 by direct inhalation. Lung function, airway substance P (SP) innervation, and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in broncho alveolar lavage fluid were measured after a single SS exposure on PND59. Results Methacholine (MCh) dose response for lung resistance (R sub(L)) was significantly elevated, and dynamic pulmonary compliance (C sub(dyn)) was significantly decreased, in the GD7 and PND2 SS exposure groups compared with the FA groups after SS exposure on PND59. At the same time points, the percent area of SP nerve fibers in tracheal smooth muscle and the levels of NGF were significantly elevated. MCh dosearesponse curves for R sub(L) and C sub(dyn), SP nerve fiber density, and the level of NGF were not significantly changed in the PND21 exposure group after SS exposure on PND59. Conclusions These results suggest that a critical period of susceptibility to SS exposure exists in the prenatal and early postnatal period of development in mice that results in increased SP innervation, increased NGF levels in the airway, and enhanced MCh AHR later in life. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wu, Zhong-Xin AU - Hunter, Dawn D AU - Kish, Vincent L AU - Benders, Katherine M AU - Batchelor, Thomas P AU - Dey, Richard D AD - Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy and Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1434 EP - 1440 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - airway innervation KW - asthma KW - muscarinic agonists KW - neurokinin receptor KW - neurotrophic factor KW - Smoke KW - Inhalation KW - Fibers KW - prenatal experience KW - Cigarettes KW - Tobacco KW - Muscles KW - Mice KW - Respiratory diseases KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21258167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Prenatal+and+Early%2C+but+Not+Late%2C+Postnatal+Exposure+of+Mice+to+Sidestream+Tobacco+Smoke+Increases+Airway+Hyperresponsiveness+Later+in+Life&rft.au=Wu%2C+Zhong-Xin%3BHunter%2C+Dawn+D%3BKish%2C+Vincent+L%3BBenders%2C+Katherine+M%3BBatchelor%2C+Thomas+P%3BDey%2C+Richard+D&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Zhong-Xin&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800511 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Smoke; Fibers; prenatal experience; Cigarettes; Muscles; Tobacco; Mice; Respiratory diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800511 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Pine River Statement: Human Health Consequences of DDT Use AN - 21257783; 11702313 AB - Objectives Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was used worldwide until the 1970s, when concerns about its toxic effects, its environmental persistence, and its concentration in the food supply led to use restrictions and prohibitions. In 2001, more than 100 countries signed the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), committing to eliminate the use of 12 POPs of greatest concern. However, DDT use was allowed for disease vector control. In 2006, the World Health Organization and the U.S. Agency for International Development endorsed indoor DDT spraying to control malaria. To better inform current policy, we reviewed epidemiologic studies published from 2003 to 2008 that investigated the human health consequences of DDT and/or DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) exposure. Data sources and extraction We conducted a PubMed search in October 2008 and retrieved 494 studies. Data synthesis Use restrictions have been successful in lowering human exposure to DDT, but blood concentrations of DDT and DDE are high in countries where DDT is currently being used or was more recently restricted. The recent literature shows a growing body of evidence that exposure to DDT and its breakdown product DDE may be associated with adverse health outcomes such as breast cancer, diabetes, decreased semen quality, spontaneous abortion, and impaired neurodevelopment in children. Conclusions Although we provide evidence to suggest that DDT and DDE may pose a risk to human health, we also highlight the lack of knowledge about human exposure and health effects in communities where DDT is currently being sprayed for malaria control. We recommend research to address this gap and to develop safe and effective alternatives to DDT. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Eskenazi, Brenda AU - Chevrier, Jonathan AU - Rosas, Lisa Goldman AU - Anderson, Henry A AU - Bornman, Maria S AU - Bouwman, Henk AU - Chen, Aimin AU - Cohn, Barbara A AU - de Jager, Christiaan AU - Henshel, Diane S AU - Leipzig, Felicia AU - Leipzig, John S AU - Lorenz, Edward C AU - Snedeker, Suzanne M AU - Stapleton, Darwin AD - School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1359 EP - 1367 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Human diseases KW - Abortion KW - Food KW - Malaria KW - Spraying KW - Environmental factors KW - Public health KW - Disease transmission KW - diabetes mellitus KW - Insecticides KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Pollutants KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Semen KW - Rivers KW - Food supply KW - Data processing KW - persistent organic pollutants KW - DDE KW - Vectors KW - Canada, British Columbia, Pine R. KW - Toxicity KW - Children KW - Cancer KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Blood KW - USA KW - malaria KW - Reviews KW - DDT KW - Breast cancer KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - K 03400:Human Diseases KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21257783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Pine+River+Statement%3A+Human+Health+Consequences+of+DDT+Use&rft.au=Eskenazi%2C+Brenda%3BChevrier%2C+Jonathan%3BRosas%2C+Lisa+Goldman%3BAnderson%2C+Henry+A%3BBornman%2C+Maria+S%3BBouwman%2C+Henk%3BChen%2C+Aimin%3BCohn%2C+Barbara+A%3Bde+Jager%2C+Christiaan%3BHenshel%2C+Diane+S%3BLeipzig%2C+Felicia%3BLeipzig%2C+John+S%3BLorenz%2C+Edward+C%3BSnedeker%2C+Suzanne+M%3BStapleton%2C+Darwin&rft.aulast=Eskenazi&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.11748 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Pollutant persistence; DDE; DDT; Semen; Malaria; Environmental factors; Disease transmission; Public health; Rivers; Data processing; Food; Abortion; Vectors; Spraying; Children; Diabetes mellitus; Blood; Pollutants; Reviews; Breast cancer; Food supply; persistent organic pollutants; Toxicity; Cancer; diabetes mellitus; Insecticides; Nitrous oxide; malaria; USA; Canada, British Columbia, Pine R. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11748 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lower Serum Testosterone Associated with Elevated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations in Native American Men AN - 21257053; 11704165 AB - Background Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides are endocrine disruptors, altering both thyroid and estrogen hormonal systems. Less is known of action on androgenic systems. Objective We studied the relationship between serum concentrations of testosterone in relation to levels of PCBs and three chlorinated pesticides in an adult Native American (Mohawk) population. Methods We collected fasting serum samples from 703 adult Mohawks (257 men and 436 women) and analyzed samples for 101 PCB congeners, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and mirex, as well as testosterone, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The associations between testosterone and tertiles of serum organochlorine levels (both wet weight and lipid adjusted) were assessed using a logistic regression model while controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), and other analytes, with the lowest tertile being considered the referent. Males and females were considered separately. Results Testosterone concentrations in males were inversely correlated with total PCB concentration, whether using wet-weight or lipid-adjusted values. The odds ratio (OR) of having a testosterone concentration above the median was 0.17 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05a0.69] for total wet-weight PCBs (highest vs. lowest tertile) after adjustment for age, BMI, total serum lipids, and three pesticides. The OR for lipid-adjusted total PCB concentration was 0.23 (95% CI, 0.06a0.78) after adjustment for other analytes. Testosterone levels were significantly and inversely related to concentrations of PCBs 74, 99, 153, and 206, but not PCBs 52, 105, 118, 138, 170, 180, 201, or 203. Testosterone concentrations in females are much lower than in males, and not significantly related to serum PCBs. HCB, DDE, and mirex were not associated with testosterone concentration in either men or women. Conclusions Elevation in serum PCB levels is associated with a lower concentration of serum testosterone in Native American men. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Goncharov, Alexey AU - Rej, Robert AU - Negoita, Serban AU - Schymura, Maria AU - Santiago-Rivera, Azara AU - Morse, Gayle AU - Carpenter, David O AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1454 EP - 1460 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - DDE KW - endocrine disruption KW - hexachlorobenzene mirex KW - Native Americans KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Insecticides KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Lipids KW - Pesticides KW - Mirex KW - PCB compounds KW - Ethnic groups KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21257053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lower+Serum+Testosterone+Associated+with+Elevated+Polychlorinated+Biphenyl+Concentrations+in+Native+American+Men&rft.au=Goncharov%2C+Alexey%3BRej%2C+Robert%3BNegoita%2C+Serban%3BSchymura%2C+Maria%3BSantiago-Rivera%2C+Azara%3BMorse%2C+Gayle%3BCarpenter%2C+David+O&rft.aulast=Goncharov&rft.aufirst=Alexey&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800134 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecticides; Bioaccumulation; Nitrous oxide; Lipids; DDE; Pesticides; Mirex; PCB compounds; Ethnic groups DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800134 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Prenatal Lead Exposure on Genomic Methylation of Cord Blood DNA AN - 21256787; 11702320 AB - Background Fetal lead exposure is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and developmental and cognitive deficits; however, the mechanism(s) by which lead-induced toxicity occurs remains unknown. Epigenetic fetal programming via DNA methylation may provide a pathway by which environmental lead exposure can influence disease susceptibility. Objective This study was designed to determine whether prenatal lead exposure is associated with alterations in genomic methylation of leukocyte DNA levels from umbilical cord samples. Methods We measured genomic DNA methylation, as assessed by Alu and LINE-1 (long interspersed nuclear element-1) methylation via pyrosequencing, on 103 umbilical cord blood samples from the biorepository of the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study group. Prenatal lead exposure had been assessed by measuring maternal bone lead levels at the mid-tibial shaft and the patella using a spot-source super(109)Cd K-shell X-ray fluorescence instrument. Results We found an inverse dosearesponse relationship in which quartiles of patella lead correlated with cord LINE-1 methylation (p for trend = 0.01) and and tibia lead correlated with Alu methylation (p for trend = 0.05). In mixed effects regression models, maternal tibia lead was negatively associated with umbilical cord genomic DNA methylation of Alu (I2= a0.027; p = 0.01). We found no associations between cord blood lead and cord genomic DNA methylation. Conclusions Prenatal lead exposure is inversely associated with genomic DNA methylation in cord blood. These data suggest that the epigenome of the developing fetus can be influenced by maternal cumulative lead burden, which may influence long-term epigenetic programming and disease susceptibility throughout the life course. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pilsner, JRichard AU - Hu, Howard AU - Ettinger, Adrienne AU - Sanchez, Brisa N AU - Wright, Robert O AU - Cantonwine, David AU - Lazarus, Alicia AU - Lamadrid-Figueroa, HACOctor AU - Mercado-Garcia, Adriana AU - TACOllez-Rojo, Martha Maria AU - HernA!ndez-Avila, Mauricio AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1466 EP - 1471 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Environment Abstracts KW - blood lead KW - bone lead KW - DNA methylation KW - early life KW - epigenetics KW - fetal programming KW - genomic DNA methylation KW - intergenerational KW - lead exposure KW - life course KW - Mexico KW - Prenatal experience KW - Toxicants KW - Measuring instruments KW - Umbilical cord KW - Lead KW - Models KW - Cord blood KW - Regression analysis KW - genomics KW - Fluorescence KW - Data processing KW - Leukocytes KW - Patella KW - Toxicity KW - Fetuses KW - Blood levels KW - Pregnancy KW - Bone KW - Tibia KW - Cognitive ability KW - Ionizing radiation KW - DNA KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21256787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Prenatal+Lead+Exposure+on+Genomic+Methylation+of+Cord+Blood+DNA&rft.au=Pilsner%2C+JRichard%3BHu%2C+Howard%3BEttinger%2C+Adrienne%3BSanchez%2C+Brisa+N%3BWright%2C+Robert+O%3BCantonwine%2C+David%3BLazarus%2C+Alicia%3BLamadrid-Figueroa%2C+HACOctor%3BMercado-Garcia%2C+Adriana%3BTACOllez-Rojo%2C+Martha+Maria%3BHernA%21ndez-Avila%2C+Mauricio&rft.aulast=Pilsner&rft.aufirst=JRichard&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800497 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Prenatal experience; Fluorescence; Toxicants; Leukocytes; Patella; Toxicity; Lead; Umbilical cord; Fetuses; Models; Pregnancy; Cord blood; Tibia; epigenetics; Cognitive ability; Ionizing radiation; Regression analysis; DNA methylation; genomics; Bone; DNA; Measuring instruments; Blood levels; Mexico DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800497 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical Contamination of Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Eggs in Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Conservation and Public Health AN - 21256770; 11702315 AB - Background Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)asuch as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)aand heavy metals have been reported in sea turtles at various stages of their life cycle. These chemicals can disrupt development and function of wildlife. Furthermore, in areas such as Peninsular Malaysia, where the human consumption of sea turtle eggs is prevalent, egg contamination may also have public health implications. Objective In the present study we investigated conservation and human health risks associated with the chemical contamination of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggs in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods Fifty-five C. mydas eggs were collected from markets in Peninsular Malaysia and analyzed for POPs and heavy metals. We conducted screening risk assessments (SRAs) and calculated the percent of acceptable daily intake (ADI) for POPs and metals to assess conservation and human health risks associated with egg contamination. Results C. mydas eggs were available in 9 of the 33 markets visited. These eggs came from seven nesting areas from as far away as Borneo Malaysia. SRAs indicated a significant risk to embryonic development associated with the observed arsenic concentrations. Furthermore, the concentrations of coplanar PCBs represented 3 300 times the ADI values set by the World Health Organization. Conclusions The concentrations of POPs and heavy metals reported in C. mydas eggs from markets in Peninsular Malaysia pose considerable risks to sea turtle conservation and human health. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - van de Merwe, Jason P AU - Hodge, Mary AU - Olszowy, Henry A AU - Whittier, Joan M AU - Ibrahim, Kamarruddin AU - Lee, Shing Y AD - Griffith School of Environment and Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1397 EP - 1401 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Risk assessment KW - Organochlorine pesticides KW - Heavy metals KW - ISEW, Borneo KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Life cycle KW - Eggs KW - Public health KW - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - Nesting KW - Chemical pollution KW - Chemical contamination KW - PCB compounds KW - heavy metals KW - PCB KW - Metals KW - Arsenic KW - Mydas KW - persistent organic pollutants KW - Wildlife KW - Embryonic development KW - turtles KW - ISEW, Malaysia KW - life cycle KW - Breeding sites KW - Chelonia mydas KW - Conservation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21256770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chemical+Contamination+of+Green+Turtle+%28Chelonia+mydas%29+Eggs+in+Peninsular+Malaysia%3A+Implications+for+Conservation+and+Public+Health&rft.au=van+de+Merwe%2C+Jason+P%3BHodge%2C+Mary%3BOlszowy%2C+Henry+A%3BWhittier%2C+Joan+M%3BIbrahim%2C+Kamarruddin%3BLee%2C+Shing+Y&rft.aulast=van+de+Merwe&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900813 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breeding sites; Heavy metals; Nesting; Aquatic reptiles; Embryonic development; Life cycle; Chemical pollution; PCB; Public health; Risk assessment; Metals; Arsenic; Organochlorine pesticides; persistent organic pollutants; Wildlife; turtles; Eggs; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; life cycle; Conservation; Chemical contamination; PCB compounds; heavy metals; Mydas; Chelonia mydas; ISEW, Borneo; ISEW, Malaysia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900813 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - INFECTIOUS DISEASE: Digging into Seaside Microbial Exposures AN - 21251365; 11704168 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Spivey, Angela Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - A392 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Environmental health KW - Diseases KW - Public health KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=INFECTIOUS+DISEASE%3A+Digging+into+Seaside+Microbial+Exposures&rft.au=Spivey%2C+Angela&rft.aulast=Spivey&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=A392&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental health; Diseases; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molybdenum Exposure and Semen Quality: How Robust Is the Evidence of an Effect? AN - 21251219; 11702321 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sorahan, Tom AU - Sullivan, Frank M Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - A386 EP - A387 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Molybdenum KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Molybdenum+Exposure+and+Semen+Quality%3A+How+Robust+Is+the+Evidence+of+an+Effect%3F&rft.au=Sorahan%2C+Tom%3BSullivan%2C+Frank+M&rft.aulast=Sorahan&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=A386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900922 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molybdenum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900922 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A census of abyssal polychaetes AN - 21236504; 10970378 AB - As part of the Census of Marine Life's programme of summarising existing knowledge of the oceans, records of all polychaete species collected below 2000m have been collated from the literature. A total of 3633 records was assembled into a database, revealing that 768 species, 358 of which were new to science, have been reported from the deep sea over the past 200 years. The limitations of the dataset are also discussed. Most of the records were obtained from between 2000m, the upper depth range of the study, and 4000m. Analyses of the distribution of records with time reveals that the majority of records were added in the 1960s to early 1980s, coincidental with the introduction of new collecting technologies. However, following this period there was a gap between the collecting of samples and the publication of taxonomic results. To reduce this time lag we are encouraging the use of the world-wide web with new tools and protocols to bring together taxonomists working on different sample sets and allow them to share and compare taxonomic data. As this is the first collation of abyssal polychaetes, the records were analysed to determine whether there is a distinct hadal fauna and whether the fauna of individual trenches was distinctive or a subset of the abyssal plain fauna. The results suggest that the hadal fauna contains few endemic species and that the majority are elements of the abyssal fauna that have extended their bathymetric range. JF - Deep Sea Research (Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography) AU - Paterson, GLJ AU - Glover, A G AU - Barrio Frojan, CRS AU - Whitaker, A AU - Budaeva, N AU - Chimonides, J AU - Doner, S AD - Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK, g.paterson@nhm.ac.uk Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - September 2009 SP - 1739 EP - 1746 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 56 IS - 19-20 SN - 0967-0645, 0967-0645 KW - Paddle-footed annelids KW - Polychaetes KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Geographical distribution KW - Data processing KW - Taxonomists KW - Oceanography KW - Abyssal plains KW - Polychaeta KW - Databases KW - Endemic species KW - Oceans KW - Deep sea KW - Taxonomy KW - Census KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08242:Geographical distribution KW - O 1030:Invertebrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21236504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deep+Sea+Research+%28Part+II%2C+Topical+Studies+in+Oceanography%29&rft.atitle=A+census+of+abyssal+polychaetes&rft.au=Paterson%2C+GLJ%3BGlover%2C+A+G%3BBarrio+Frojan%2C+CRS%3BWhitaker%2C+A%3BBudaeva%2C+N%3BChimonides%2C+J%3BDoner%2C+S&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=GLJ&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=19-20&rft.spage=1739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Deep+Sea+Research+%28Part+II%2C+Topical+Studies+in+Oceanography%29&rft.issn=09670645&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.dsr2.2009.05.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Endemic species; Geographical distribution; Taxonomists; Census; Taxonomy; Abyssal plains; Databases; Data processing; Oceans; Oceanography; Deep sea; Polychaeta; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of management techniques on the establishment of eucalypt seedlings on farmland: a review AN - 21228581; 11718187 AB - Research into the effects of seven management techniques on survival and growth of eucalypt seedlings planted on farmland is reviewed. The techniques include: pre- and post-planting weed control; soil cultivation; fertiliser; mulch; tree guards/shelters; and irrigation. The initial and ongoing effects of each technique are discussed-including the effects of timing, type and quantity. Consideration is given to site, species and climatic influences. A statistical analysis of the published survival rates is then presented, to provide information on the relative importance of, and interactions between, practices. The analysis shows that maximum survival may be achieved by using one or two management techniques. Combining this result with the insights gained from the review suggests that the use of soil cultivation and post-planting weed control are likely to achieve the greatest improvements in early eucalypt survival and growth. JF - Agroforestry Systems AU - Graham, Sonia AU - McGinness, Heather M AU - O'Connell, Deborah A AD - CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, GPO Box 284, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia, sonia.graham@csiro.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 59 EP - 81 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0167-4366, 0167-4366 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - weed control KW - Reviews KW - Irrigation KW - agricultural land KW - Seedlings KW - cultivation KW - survival KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21228581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.atitle=Effects+of+management+techniques+on+the+establishment+of+eucalypt+seedlings+on+farmland%3A+a+review&rft.au=Graham%2C+Sonia%3BMcGinness%2C+Heather+M%3BO%27Connell%2C+Deborah+A&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.issn=01674366&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10457-009-9204-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Fertilizers; weed control; Reviews; Irrigation; cultivation; Seedlings; agricultural land; survival DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9204-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Consensus Approach for Intrinsic Disorder Analysis for Heat Shock Protein Family AN - 21221264; 11292205 AB - Intrinsic Disorder (ID) regions are implicated with various regulations, but, structure of few ID proteins is experimentally determined and huge amounts of such proteins are still unknown. Computational methods are novel ways to determine such ID regions rapidly and efficiently. There are some popular methods remain to predict that, although, their output varies. Present study attempted to take aggregated efforts to solve the problem. With that regard, we identified and analyzed the ID parts by a consensus approach for Heat Shock Protein (HSP) family and to interpret their significant functional relations. Heat shock proteins are also called tenseness proteins, are a group of protein, are present in all cells in all life lines. This family is very important for cellular function and regulations. Our approach is relevant with several others computational and experimental results. Results are considered only when greater than or equal to 60% accuracy maintained with a common state parameters. From HSP analysis, we headed to conclude that ID prediction for HSP are more univocal and thus their functional implications what we interpreted deserve for good sense. ID possesses more Serine/Thiamine sites and functional domains which are related with disorders and phosphorylations. JF - Biotechnology AU - Bhowmick, B K AU - Dawson, W AU - Majumder, P AU - Shimzu, K AD - Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yaoyi Campus, Tokyo, GPO 113-8657, Japan Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 306 EP - 315 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1682-296X, 1682-296X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - double prime Id protein KW - Heat shock proteins KW - Phosphorylation KW - Thiamine KW - Computer applications KW - Serine KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21221264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology&rft.atitle=A+Consensus+Approach+for+Intrinsic+Disorder+Analysis+for+Heat+Shock+Protein+Family&rft.au=Bhowmick%2C+B+K%3BDawson%2C+W%3BMajumder%2C+P%3BShimzu%2C+K&rft.aulast=Bhowmick&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology&rft.issn=1682296X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - double prime Id protein; Heat shock proteins; Phosphorylation; Thiamine; Computer applications; Serine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum Cholinesterase Inhibition in Relation to Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) Status among Organophosphate-Exposed Agricultural Pesticide Handlers AN - 21196913; 11574730 AB - BACKGROUND: Animal studies have demonstrated that low paraoxonase-1 (PON1) status (i.e., low catalytic efficiency and/or low plasma PON1 activity) is associated with neurotoxic effects after exposure to several organophosphate (OP) insecticides. However, few human studies have investigated associations between PON1 status and intermediate end points, such as serum cholinesterase [butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)] inhibition, among OP-exposed individuals. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the relation between plasma PON1 status and BuChE inhibition among OP-exposed agricultural pesticide handlers. METHODS: Agricultural pesticide handlers in Washington State were recruited during the 2006 and 2007 spray seasons when they were seen for follow-up ChE testing by collaborating medical providers as part of a statewide monitoring program. Blood samples were collected from 163 participants and tested for PON1 status based on plasma PON1 activity [arylesterase (AREase)] and PON1 Q192R genotype. We evaluated percent change in BuChE activity from baseline level in relation to PON1 status. RESULTS: We observed significantly greater BuChE inhibition among QQ homozygotes relative to RR homozygotes (p = 0.036). Lower levels of plasma PON1 activity were significantly associated with greater BuChE inhibition (p = 0.004). These associations remained after adjustment for year, days since baseline test, age, and OP exposure in the last 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: We found that both low PON1 catalytic efficiency (i.e., the Q192 alloform) and low plasma PON1 activity were associated with BuChE inhibition among OP-exposed agricultural pesticide handlers. Corroborative findings from future studies with prospective collection of blood samples for PON1 testing, more sensitive markers of OP-related effects, and larger sample sizes are needed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hofmann, Jonathan N AU - Keifer, Matthew C AU - Furlong, Clement E AU - De Roos, Anneclaire J AU - Farin, Federico M AU - Fenske, Richard A AU - van Belle, Gerald AU - Checkoway, Harvey Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1402 EP - 1408 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21196913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Serum+Cholinesterase+Inhibition+in+Relation+to+Paraoxonase-1+%28PON1%29+Status+among+Organophosphate-Exposed+Agricultural+Pesticide+Handlers&rft.au=Hofmann%2C+Jonathan+N%3BKeifer%2C+Matthew+C%3BFurlong%2C+Clement+E%3BDe+Roos%2C+Anneclaire+J%3BFarin%2C+Federico+M%3BFenske%2C+Richard+A%3Bvan+Belle%2C+Gerald%3BCheckoway%2C+Harvey&rft.aulast=Hofmann&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endotoxin and Cancer AN - 21194092; 11574746 AB - OBJECTIVE: Exposure to endotoxin, a component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, is widespread in many industrial settings and in the ambient environment. Heavy-exposure environments include livestock farms, cotton textile facilities, and saw mills. Concentrations are highly variable in non-occupational indoor and outdoor environments. Endotoxin is a potent inflammagen with recognized health effects, including fever, shaking chills, septic shock, toxic pneumonitis, and respiratory symptoms. Somewhat paradoxically, given the putative role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, various lines of evidence suggest that endotoxin may prevent cancer initiation or limit tumor growth. The hypothesis that components of bacteria may retard cancer progression dates back to William B. Coley's therapeutic experiments ("bacterial vaccine") in the 1890s. DATA SOURCES: In this article, we review epidemiologic, clinical trial, and experimental studies pertinent to the hypothesis that endotoxin prevents cancer. Since the 1970s, epidemiologic studies of cotton textile and other endotoxin-exposed occupational groups have consistently demonstrated reduced lung cancer risks. Experimental animal toxicology research and some limited therapeutic trials in cancer patients offer additional support for an anticarcinogenic potential. The underlying biological mechanisms of anticarcinogenesis are not entirely understood but are thought to involve the recruitment and activation of immune cells and proinflammatory mediators (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 and -6). CONCLUSIONS: In view of the current state of knowledge, it would be premature to recommend endotoxin as a cancer-chemopreventive agent. Nonetheless, further epidemiologic and experimental investigations that can clarify further dose-effect and exposure-timing relations could have substantial public health and basic biomedical benefits. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lundin, Jessica I AU - Checkoway, Harvey Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1344 EP - 1350 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21194092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Endotoxin+and+Cancer&rft.au=Lundin%2C+Jessica+I%3BCheckoway%2C+Harvey&rft.aulast=Lundin&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hormesis: A Conversation with a Critic AN - 21192947; 11574734 AB - OBJECTIVE: In this commentary I respond to points raised in the commentary by Mushak [Ad hoc and fast forward: the science and control of hormesis growth and development. Environ Health Perspect 117:1333-1338 (2009)], which principally concerns studies by me and my colleagues concerning the frequency of hormesis in toxicology. DISCUSSION: In this commentary I demonstrate that Mushak's analysis contains critical statistical errors and misunderstandings of statistical concepts that invalidate its conclusions concerning the frequency of hormesis in the toxicologic literature. CONCLUSIONS: In his commentary Mushak offers no significant new conceptual insights, and his key technical criticisms of hormesis frequency findings are unfounded. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Calabrese, Edward J Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1339 EP - 1343 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21192947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hormesis%3A+A+Conversation+with+a+Critic&rft.au=Calabrese%2C+Edward+J&rft.aulast=Calabrese&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal Pregnancy Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Risk of Hypospadias and Cryptorchidism in Male Offspring AN - 21192910; 11574713 AB - BACKGROUND: The etiologies of the male urogenital anomalies cryptorchidism and hypospadias are poorly understood. It has been suggested, however, that in utero hormone levels may be related to risk. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds, may alter hormone levels and thereby affect the fetus. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether in utero PCB exposure is related to cryptorchidism and hypospadias, we examined PCB levels among pregnant women enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). METHODS: The CPP enrolled pregnant women at 12 U.S. medical centers between 1959 and 1965. For the present research, we analyzed third-trimester serum samples from the mothers of 230 sons with cryptorchidism, 201 sons with hypospadias, and 593 sons with neither condition. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression and examined the associations of each anomaly with individual PCB congener levels, sum of PCBs, and several functional groupings of PCBs. RESULTS: In general, the ORs for cryptorchidism or hypospadias showed no notable associations with individual PCB congener levels or functional groupings of PCBs. However, the ORs and 95% CIs for the sum of PCBs associated with hypospadias were as follows: 0-1.9 microg/L, reference group; 2-2.9 microg/L, OR = 1.57, 95% CI, 1.05-2.34; 3-3.9 microg/L, OR = 1.45, 95% CI, 0.90-2.34; and or = 4.0 microg/L, OR = 1.69, 95% CI, 1.06-2.68; p-value for trend = 0.08. CONCLUSIONS: Given the large number of associations examined, these findings do not strongly support the hypothesis that PCBs are associated with cryptorchidism or hypospadias. Because population serum PCB levels at the time of sample collection were considerably higher than levels at present, it is unlikely that current PCB exposure is related to the development of either anomaly. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - McGlynn, Katherine A AU - Guo, Xuguang AU - Graubard, Barry I AU - Brock, John W AU - Klebanoff, Mark A AU - Longnecker, Matthew P Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1472 EP - 1476 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - USA KW - Etiology KW - endocrine disruptors KW - males KW - PCB compounds KW - Hormones KW - offspring KW - Pregnancy KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21192910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Maternal+Pregnancy+Levels+of+Polychlorinated+Biphenyls+and+Risk+of+Hypospadias+and+Cryptorchidism+in+Male+Offspring&rft.au=McGlynn%2C+Katherine+A%3BGuo%2C+Xuguang%3BGraubard%2C+Barry+I%3BBrock%2C+John+W%3BKlebanoff%2C+Mark+A%3BLongnecker%2C+Matthew+P&rft.aulast=McGlynn&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Etiology; endocrine disruptors; males; Hormones; PCB compounds; Pregnancy; offspring; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Precautionary Principle in the Context of Mobile Phone and Base Station Radiofrequency Exposures AN - 21192151; 11574744 AB - BACKGROUND: No health hazard has been established from exposure to radiofrequency fields up to the levels recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. However, in response to public concern and the perceived level of scientific uncertainty, there are continuing calls for the application of the precautionary principle to radiofrequency exposures from mobile phones and base stations. OBJECTIVE: We examined the international evolution of calls for precautionary measures in relation to mobile phones and base stations, with particular focus on Australia and the United Kingdom. RESULTS: The precautionary principle is difficult to define, and there is no widespread agreement as to how it should be implemented. However, there is a strong argument that precautionary measures should not be implemented in the absence of reliable scientific data and logical reasoning pointing to a possible health hazard. There is also experimental evidence that precautionary advice may increase public concern. CONCLUSION: We argue that conservative exposure standards, technical features that minimize unnecessary exposures, ongoing research, regular review of standards, and availability of consumer information make mobile communications inherently precautionary. Commonsense measures can be adopted by individuals, governments, and industry to address public concern while ensuring that mobile networks are developed for the benefit of society. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Dolan, Mike AU - Rowley, Jack Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1329 EP - 1332 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24390:Radioactive Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21192151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Precautionary+Principle+in+the+Context+of+Mobile+Phone+and+Base+Station+Radiofrequency+Exposures&rft.au=Dolan%2C+Mike%3BRowley%2C+Jack&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide Exposure and Hypertensive Disorders during Pregnancy AN - 21192126; 11574728 AB - BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia (PE), complicate 2-8% of pregnancies. Few studies have examined environmental risk factors in relation to these conditions. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to examine whether pesticide exposure during pregnancy was associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. METHODS: We analyzed self-reported data from 11,274 wives of farmers enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) between 1993 and 1997. Using logistic regression models, we estimated the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for PIH and PE associated with pesticide-related activities during the first trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS: First-trimester residential and agricultural activities with potential exposure to pesticides were associated with both PIH [residential AOR = 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.60; agricultural AOR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.05-2.45] and PE (residential AOR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02-1.70; agricultural AOR = 2.07; 95% CI, 1.34-3.21). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to pesticides during pregnancy may increase the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Laboratory research may provide insights into relationships between pesticide exposure and hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Saldana, Tina M AU - Basso, Olga AU - Baird, Donna D AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Weinberg, Clarice R AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Alavanja, Michael C R AU - Sandler, Dale P Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1393 EP - 1396 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21192126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Pesticide+Exposure+and+Hypertensive+Disorders+during+Pregnancy&rft.au=Saldana%2C+Tina+M%3BBasso%2C+Olga%3BBaird%2C+Donna+D%3BHoppin%2C+Jane+A%3BWeinberg%2C+Clarice+R%3BBlair%2C+Aaron%3BAlavanja%2C+Michael+C+R%3BSandler%2C+Dale+P&rft.aulast=Saldana&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Levels Are Higher in Children (2-5 Years of Age) than in Infants and Adults AN - 21191073; 11574711 AB - BACKGROUND: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in many products and have been detected in human samples worldwide. Limited data show that concentrations are elevated in young children. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between PBDEs and age with an emphasis on young children from Australia in 2006-2007. METHODS: We collected human blood serum samples (n = 2,420), which we stratified by age and sex and pooled for analysis of PBDEs. RESULTS: The sum of BDE-47, -99, -100, and -153 concentrations ( summation operator(4)PBDE) increased from 0-0.5 years (mean +/- SD, 14 +/- 3.4 ng/g lipid) to peak at 2.6-3 years (51 +/- 36 ng/g lipid; p 0.001) and then decreased until 31-45 years (9.9 +/- 1.6 ng/g lipid). We observed no further significant decrease among ages 31-45, 45-60 (p = 0.964), or 60 years (p = 0.894). The mean summation operator(4)PBDE concentration in cord blood (24 +/- 14 ng/g lipid) did not differ significantly from that in adult serum at ages 15-30 (p = 0.198) or 31-45 years (p = 0.140). We found no temporal trend when we compared the present results with Australian PBDE data from 2002-2005. PBDE concentrations were higher in males than in females; however, this difference reached statistical significance only for BDE-153 (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The observed peak concentration at 2.6-3 years of age is later than the period when breast-feeding is typically ceased. This suggests that in addition to the exposure via human milk, young children have higher exposure to these chemicals and/or a lower capacity to eliminate them. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Toms, Leisa-Maree L AU - Sjoedin, Andreas AU - Harden, Fiona AU - Hobson, Peter AU - Jones, Richard AU - Edenfield, Emily AU - Mueller, Jochen F Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1461 EP - 1465 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21191073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Serum+Polybrominated+Diphenyl+Ether+%28PBDE%29+Levels+Are+Higher+in+Children+%282-5+Years+of+Age%29+than+in+Infants+and+Adults&rft.au=Toms%2C+Leisa-Maree+L%3BSjoedin%2C+Andreas%3BHarden%2C+Fiona%3BHobson%2C+Peter%3BJones%2C+Richard%3BEdenfield%2C+Emily%3BMueller%2C+Jochen+F&rft.aulast=Toms&rft.aufirst=Leisa-Maree&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of the Interleukin-6 Response to Air Pollution by Interleukin-6 and Fibrinogen Polymorphisms AN - 21190596; 11574725 AB - BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that cardiovascular effects of air pollution are mediated by inflammation and that air pollution can induce genetic expression of the interleukin-6 gene (IL6). OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether IL6 and fibrinogen gene variants can affect plasma IL-6 responses to air pollution in patients with cardiovascular disease. METHODS: We repeatedly determined plasma IL-6 in 955 myocardial infarction survivors from six European cities (n = 5,539). We conducted city-specific analyses using additive mixed models adjusting for patient characteristics, time trend, and weather to assess the impact of air pollutants on plasma IL-6. We pooled city-specific estimates using meta-analysis methodology. We selected three IL6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one SNP each from the fibrinogen alpha-chain gene (FGA) and beta-chain gene (FGB) for gene-environment analyses. RESULTS: We found the most consistent modifications for variants in IL6 rs2069832 and FBG rs1800790 after exposure to carbon monoxide (CO; 24-hr average; p-values for interaction, 0.034 and 0.019, respectively). Nitrogen dioxide effects were consistently modified, but p-values for interaction were larger (0.09 and 0.19, respectively). The strongest effects were seen 6-11 hr after exposure, when, for example, the overall effect of a 2.2% increase in IL-6 per 0.64 mg/m(3) CO was modified to a 10% (95% confidence interval, 4.6-16%) increase in IL-6 (p-value for interaction = 0.002) for minor homozygotes of FGB rs1800790. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of gaseous traffic-related air pollution on inflammation may be stronger in genetic subpopulations with ischemic heart disease. This information could offer an opportunity to identify postinfarction patients who would benefit more than others from a cleaner environment and antiinflammatory treatment. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ljungman, Petter AU - Bellander, Tom AU - Schneider, Alexandra AU - Breitner, Susanne AU - Forastiere, Francesco AU - Hampel, Regina AU - Illig, Thomas AU - Jacquemin, Benedicte AU - Katsouyanni, Klea AU - von Klot, Stephanie AU - Koenig, Wolfgang AU - Lanki, Timo AU - Nyberg, Fredrik AU - Pekkanen, Juha AU - Pistelli, Riccardo AU - Pitsavos, Christos AU - Rosenqvist, Marten AU - Sunyer, Jordi AU - Peters, Annette Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1373 EP - 1379 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Pollution effects KW - heart diseases KW - Homozygotes KW - Models KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Nitrogen dioxide KW - Pollutants KW - Urban areas KW - Heart diseases KW - Weather KW - myocardial infarction KW - Subpopulations KW - Fibrinogen KW - Ischemia KW - Myocardial infarction KW - Inflammation KW - Air pollution KW - subpopulations KW - Single-nucleotide polymorphism KW - Reviews KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Additives KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - F 06935:Development, Aging & Organ Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21190596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Modification+of+the+Interleukin-6+Response+to+Air+Pollution+by+Interleukin-6+and+Fibrinogen+Polymorphisms&rft.au=Ljungman%2C+Petter%3BBellander%2C+Tom%3BSchneider%2C+Alexandra%3BBreitner%2C+Susanne%3BForastiere%2C+Francesco%3BHampel%2C+Regina%3BIllig%2C+Thomas%3BJacquemin%2C+Benedicte%3BKatsouyanni%2C+Klea%3Bvon+Klot%2C+Stephanie%3BKoenig%2C+Wolfgang%3BLanki%2C+Timo%3BNyberg%2C+Fredrik%3BPekkanen%2C+Juha%3BPistelli%2C+Riccardo%3BPitsavos%2C+Christos%3BRosenqvist%2C+Marten%3BSunyer%2C+Jordi%3BPeters%2C+Annette&rft.aulast=Ljungman&rft.aufirst=Petter&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Interleukin 6; Weather; Subpopulations; Fibrinogen; Ischemia; Homozygotes; Myocardial infarction; Inflammation; Models; Nitrogen dioxide; Air pollution; Carbon monoxide; Pollutants; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Reviews; Cardiovascular diseases; Heart diseases; myocardial infarction; subpopulations; Pollution effects; Additives; heart diseases; Urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polycarbonate Bottle Use and Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations AN - 21190585; 11574724 AB - BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical commonly used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic. Low-level concentrations of BPA in animals and possibly in humans may cause endocrine disruption. Whether ingestion of food or beverages from polycarbonate containers increases BPA concentrations in humans has not been studied. OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between use of polycarbonate beverage containers and urinary BPA concentrations in humans. METHODS: We conducted a nonrandomized intervention of 77 Harvard College students to compare urinary BPA concentrations collected after a washout phase of 1 week to those taken after an intervention week during which most cold beverages were consumed from polycarbonate drinking bottles. Paired t-tests were used to assess the difference in urinary BPA concentrations before and after polycarbonate bottle use. RESULTS: The geometric mean urinary BPA concentration at the end of the washout phase was 1.2 microg/g creatinine, increasing to 2.0 microg/g creatinine after 1 week of polycarbonate bottle use. Urinary BPA concentrations increased by 69% after use of polycarbonate bottles (p 0.0001). The association was stronger among participants who reported or = 90% compliance (77% increase; p 0.0001) than among those reporting 90% compliance (55% increase; p = 0.03), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS: One week of polycarbonate bottle use increased urinary BPA concentrations by two-thirds. Regular consumption of cold beverages from polycarbonate bottles is associated with a substantial increase in urinary BPA concentrations irrespective of exposure to BPA from other sources. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Carwile, Jenny L AU - Luu, Henry T AU - Bassett, Laura S AU - Driscoll, Daniel A AU - Yuan, Caterina AU - Chang, Jennifer Y AU - Ye, Xiaoyun AU - Calafat, Antonia M AU - Michels, Karin B Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1368 EP - 1372 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21190585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Polycarbonate+Bottle+Use+and+Urinary+Bisphenol+A+Concentrations&rft.au=Carwile%2C+Jenny+L%3BLuu%2C+Henry+T%3BBassett%2C+Laura+S%3BDriscoll%2C+Daniel+A%3BYuan%2C+Caterina%3BChang%2C+Jennifer+Y%3BYe%2C+Xiaoyun%3BCalafat%2C+Antonia+M%3BMichels%2C+Karin+B&rft.aulast=Carwile&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urine Arsenic Concentrations and Species Excretion Patterns in American Indian Communities Over a 10-year Period: The Strong Heart Study AN - 21190091; 11574720 AB - BACKGROUND: Arsenic exposure in drinking water disproportionately affects small communities in some U.S. regions, including American Indian communities. In U.S. adults with no seafood intake, median total urine arsenic is 3.4 microg/L. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated arsenic exposure and excretion patterns using urine samples collected over 10 years in a random sample of American Indians from Arizona, Oklahoma, and North and South Dakota who participated in a cohort study from 1989 to 1999. METHODS: We measured total urine arsenic and arsenic species [inorganic arsenic (arsenite and arsenate), methylarsonate (MA), dimethylarsinate (DMA), and arsenobetaine] concentrations in 60 participants (three urine samples each, for a total of 180 urine samples) using inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/ICPMS, respectively. RESULTS: Median (10th, 90th percentiles) urine concentration for the sum of inorganic arsenic, MA, and DMA at baseline was 7.2 (3.1, 16.9) microg/g creatinine; the median was higher in Arizona (12.5 microg/g), intermediate in the Dakotas (9.1 microg/g), and lower in Oklahoma (4.4 microg/g). The mean percentage distribution of arsenic species over the sum of inorganic and methylated species was 10.6% for inorganic arsenic, 18.4% for MA, and 70.9% for DMA. The intraclass correlation coefficient for three repeated arsenic measurements over a 10-year period was 0.80 for the sum of inorganic and methylated species and 0.64, 0.80, and 0.77 for percent inorganic arsenic, percent MA, and percent DMA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study found low to moderate inorganic arsenic exposure and confirmed long-term constancy in arsenic exposure and urine excretion patterns in American Indians from three U.S. regions over a 10-year period. Our findings support the feasibility of analyzing arsenic species in large population-based studies with stored urine samples. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Navas-Acien, Ana AU - Umans, Jason G AU - Howard, Barbara V AU - Goessler, Walter AU - Francesconi, Kevin A AU - Crainiceanu, Ciprian M AU - Silbergeld, Ellen K AU - Guallar, Eliseo Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1428 EP - 1433 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24320:Food Additives & Contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21190091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Urine+Arsenic+Concentrations+and+Species+Excretion+Patterns+in+American+Indian+Communities+Over+a+10-year+Period%3A+The+Strong+Heart+Study&rft.au=Navas-Acien%2C+Ana%3BUmans%2C+Jason+G%3BHoward%2C+Barbara+V%3BGoessler%2C+Walter%3BFrancesconi%2C+Kevin+A%3BCrainiceanu%2C+Ciprian+M%3BSilbergeld%2C+Ellen+K%3BGuallar%2C+Eliseo&rft.aulast=Navas-Acien&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1428&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ad hoc and Fast Forward: The Science of Hormesis Growth and Development AN - 21168121; 11574745 AB - BACKGROUND: Hormesis is a binary response phenomenon with low-dose stimulation (or inhibition) of effects by substances producing opposite high-dose responses. Hormesis, after decades of obscurity, has undergone a renaissance in recent years, with rapid growth benefiting greatly from the systematized efforts of such proponents as the hormesis group at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst led by Edward J. Calabrese. OBJECTIVE: In this commentary I analyze chemical hormesis methodology with reference to ad hoc scientific approaches for defining and characterizing hormesis. DISCUSSIONS: Proponents of hormesis have attempted a scientific characterization of hormesis through a battery of ad hoc methodologies using unvalidated criteria and other mechanisms for persistent database searches rather than through de novo hypothesis testing specific for hormesis. Here I discuss various scientific problems with this search-over-experiment approach, as well as other aspects of attempts at defining and characterizing the field. CONCLUSIONS: Wide acceptance of hormesis by the broad scientific community and adoption of hormesis by public agencies for inclusion in health and regulatory policies have not occurred. Reasons may include the singular nature of hormesis research and directions followed in hormesis methodologies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mushak, Paul Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1333 EP - 1338 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21168121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Ad+hoc+and+Fast+Forward%3A+The+Science+of+Hormesis+Growth+and+Development&rft.au=Mushak%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Mushak&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum Selenium Concentrations and Diabetes in U.S. Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 AN - 21167162; 11574731 AB - BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that high selenium levels are associated with diabetes and other cardiometabolic risk factors. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association of serum selenium concentrations with fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and diabetes in the most recently available representative sample of the U.S. population. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional analysis of 917 adults or = 40 years of age who had a fasting morning blood sample in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. We evaluated the association of serum selenium, measured by inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry, and diabetes, defined as a self-report of current use of hypoglycemic agents or insulin or as fasting plasma glucose or = 126 mg/dL. RESULTS: Mean serum selenium was 137.1 microg/L. The multivariable adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] for diabetes comparing the highest quartile of serum selenium ( or = 147 microg/L) with the lowest ( 124 microg/L) was 7.64 (3.34-17.46). The corresponding average differences (95% CI) in fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were 9.5 mg/dL (3.4-15.6 mg/dL) and 0.30% (0.14-0.46%), respectively. In spline regression models, the prevalence of diabetes as well as glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels increased with increasing selenium concentrations up to 160 microg/L. CONCLUSIONS: In U.S. adults, high serum selenium concentrations were associated with higher prevalence of diabetes and higher fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Given high selenium intake in the U.S. population, further research is needed to determine the role of excess selenium levels in the development or the progression of diabetes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Laclaustra, Martin AU - Navas-Acien, Ana AU - Stranges, Saverio AU - Ordovas, Jose M AU - Guallar, Eliseo Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1409 EP - 1413 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21167162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Serum+Selenium+Concentrations+and+Diabetes+in+U.S.+Adults%3A+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey+%28NHANES%29+2003-2004&rft.au=Laclaustra%2C+Martin%3BNavas-Acien%2C+Ana%3BStranges%2C+Saverio%3BOrdovas%2C+Jose+M%3BGuallar%2C+Eliseo&rft.aulast=Laclaustra&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreased PM sub 10 Exposure Attenuates Age-Related Lung Function Decline: Genetic Variants in p53, p21, and CCND1 Modify This Effect AN - 21162837; 11574733 AB - BACKGROUND: Decreasing exposure to airborne particulates was previously associated with reduced age-related decline in lung function. However, whether the benefit from improved air quality depends on genetic background is not known. Recent evidence points to the involvement of the genes p53 and p21 and of the cell cycle control gene cyclin D1 (CCND1) in the response of bronchial cells to air pollution. OBJECTIVE: We determined in 4,326 participants of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) whether four single-nucleotide polymorphisms in three genes [CCND1 (rs9344 [P242P], rs667515), p53 (rs1042522 [R72P]), and p21 (rs1801270 [S31R])] modified the previously observed attenuation of the decline in the forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity (FEF(25-75)) associated with improved air quality. METHODS: Subjects of the prospective population-based SAPALDIA cohort were assessed in 1991 and 2002 by spirometry, questionnaires, and biological sample collection for genotyping. We assigned spatially resolved concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter or = 10 microm (PM(10)) to each participant's residential history 12 months before the baseline and follow-up assessments. RESULTS: The effect of diminishing PM(10) exposure on FEF(25-75) decline appeared to be modified by p53 R72P, CCND1 P242P, and CCND1 rs667515. For example, a 10-microg/m(3) decline in average PM(10) exposure over an 11-year period attenuated the average annual decline in FEF(25-75) by 21.33 mL/year (95% confidence interval, 10.57-32.08) among participants homozygous for the CCND1 (P242P) GG genotype, by 13.72 mL/year (5.38-22.06) among GA genotypes, and by 6.00 mL/year (-4.54 to 16.54) among AA genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that cell cycle control genes may modify the degree to which improved air quality may benefit respiratory function in adults. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Imboden, Medea AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - Schindler, Christian AU - Curjuric, Ivan AU - Berger, Wolfgang AU - Liu, Sally L J AU - Russi, Erich W AU - Ackermann-Liebrich, Ursula AU - Rochat, Thierry AU - Probst-Hensch, Nicole M Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1420 EP - 1427 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Historical account KW - Lung KW - Aerodynamics KW - Pollution effects KW - Air quality KW - Respiratory function KW - Genotypes KW - Particulates KW - heart diseases KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21162837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Decreased+PM+sub+10+Exposure+Attenuates+Age-Related+Lung+Function+Decline%3A+Genetic+Variants+in+p53%2C+p21%2C+and+CCND1+Modify+This+Effect&rft.au=Imboden%2C+Medea%3BSchwartz%2C+Joel%3BSchindler%2C+Christian%3BCurjuric%2C+Ivan%3BBerger%2C+Wolfgang%3BLiu%2C+Sally+L+J%3BRussi%2C+Erich+W%3BAckermann-Liebrich%2C+Ursula%3BRochat%2C+Thierry%3BProbst-Hensch%2C+Nicole+M&rft.aulast=Imboden&rft.aufirst=Medea&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Historical account; Lung; Aerodynamics; Pollution effects; Air quality; Particulates; Genotypes; Respiratory function; heart diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thyroid Function and Plasma Concentrations of Polyhalogenated Compounds in Inuit Adults AN - 21162817; 11574726 AB - BACKGROUND: Several ubiquitous polyhalogenated compounds (PHCs) have been shown to alter thyroid function in animal and in vitro studies. So far, epidemiologic studies have focused on the potential effect of a small number of them, namely, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and some organochlorines (OCs), without paying attention to other important PHCs. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship between exposure to several PHCs and thyroid hormone homeostasis in Inuit adults from Nunavik. METHODS: We measured thyroid parameters [thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT(4)), total triiodothyronine (tT(3)), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)] and concentrations of 41 contaminants, including PCBs and their metabolites, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and a measure of dioxin-like compounds, detected in plasma samples from Inuit adults (n = 623). RESULTS: We found negative associations between tT(3) concentrations and levels of 14 PCBs, 7 hydroxylated PCBs (HO-PCBs), all methylsulfonyl metabolites of PCBs (MeSO(2)-PCBs), and 2 OCPs. Moreover, we found negative associations between fT(4) levels and hexachlorobenzene concentrations. TBG concentrations were inversely related to 8 PCBs, 5 HO-PCBs, and 3 OCPs. Exposure to BDE-47 was positively related to tT (3), whereas PFOS concentrations were negatively associated with TSH, tT(3,) and TBG and positively with fT(4) concentrations. CONCLUSION: Exposure to several PHCs was associated with modifications of the thyroid parameters in adult Inuit, mainly by reducing tT(3) and TBG circulating concentrations. The effects of PFOS and BDE-47 on thyroid homeostasis require further investigation because other human populations display similar or higher concentrations of these chemicals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Dallaire, Renee AU - Dewailly, Eric AU - Pereg, Daria AU - Dery, Serge AU - Ayotte, Pierre Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1380 EP - 1386 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Organochlorine pesticides KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Thyroid KW - Metabolites KW - Hormones KW - Dioxins KW - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - Canada, Quebec, Nunavik KW - human populations KW - PCB compounds KW - Hexachlorobenzene KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21162817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Thyroid+Function+and+Plasma+Concentrations+of+Polyhalogenated+Compounds+in+Inuit+Adults&rft.au=Dallaire%2C+Renee%3BDewailly%2C+Eric%3BPereg%2C+Daria%3BDery%2C+Serge%3BAyotte%2C+Pierre&rft.aulast=Dallaire&rft.aufirst=Renee&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Organochlorine compounds; Organochlorine pesticides; Thyroid; Metabolites; human populations; Hormones; PCB compounds; Dioxins; Hexachlorobenzene; Canada, Quebec, Nunavik ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A heavy rainfall event in northern Tasmania during 27 to 30 January 2004 AN - 21104540; 11290299 AB - A very heavy rainfall event in northern and northeastern Tasmania during 27 to 30 January 2004 is documented. Extensive flooding and substantial disruption occurred, and in some cases monthly and annual rainfall records were broken. A brief analysis is conducted of the meteorological factors that caused the event. Also, similar previous events are examined and the value of water vapour imagery as a short-term forecast tool is highlighted. JF - Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Journal AU - Fox-Hughes, P AD - Bureau of Meteorology, GPO Box 727, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia, p.fox-hughes@bom.gov.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 151 EP - 166 VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 1836-716X, 1836-716X KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Value KW - Heavy rainfall KW - Annual rainfall KW - Rainfall KW - Flooding KW - Water vapour KW - Q2 09241:General KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21104540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Meteorological+and+Oceanographic+Journal&rft.atitle=A+heavy+rainfall+event+in+northern+Tasmania+during+27+to+30+January+2004&rft.au=Fox-Hughes%2C+P&rft.aulast=Fox-Hughes&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Meteorological+and+Oceanographic+Journal&rft.issn=1836716X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rainfall; Water vapour; Flooding; Annual rainfall; Heavy rainfall; Value; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary evaluation of electroencephalographic entrainment using thalamocortical modelling AN - 20843436; 11020689 AB - The concept of linked oscillators in biological control systems has long been established. Frequency entrainment is a predominant explanation behind many biological rhythms. In this paper a preliminary examination of electroencephalographic entrainment is made to survey the possibility and methods of achieving signal entrainment at the highest level of neurological organization and function. A model of the thalamocortical system is employed to generate simulated electroencephalographic signals and is tested in various configurations in the search for entrainment under very simple conditions. Additionally, an analysis of the coupled Van der Pol model of the circadian rhythm controller is performed to identify the possibility of affecting that system with a drastically different coupling input signal. We were able to conclude that overall signal shape can have a significant impact on the entrainment characteristics of the system. Due to the nature of the underlying mathematical structure of the model, by examining the circadian rhythm controller, we found that it is unsuitable for entrainment to an incident entraining signal of much higher frequency. JF - Expert Systems AU - Cvetkovic, Dean AU - Powers, Robert AU - Cosic, Irena AD - RMIT University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Melbourne, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia, dean.cvetkovicATrmit.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 320 EP - 338 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0266-4720, 0266-4720 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - EEG KW - entrainment KW - thalamocortical modelling KW - Van der Pol oscillator KW - Biological control KW - Entrainment KW - Cortex KW - Mathematical models KW - Circadian rhythms KW - Oscillators KW - Expert systems KW - Thalamus KW - N3 11002:Computational & theoretical neuroscience KW - A 01370:Biological Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20843436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Systems&rft.atitle=Preliminary+evaluation+of+electroencephalographic+entrainment+using+thalamocortical+modelling&rft.au=Cvetkovic%2C+Dean%3BPowers%2C+Robert%3BCosic%2C+Irena&rft.aulast=Cvetkovic&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Expert+Systems&rft.issn=02664720&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0394.2009.00493.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Entrainment; Mathematical models; Cortex; Circadian rhythms; Expert systems; Oscillators; EEG; Thalamus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.2009.00493.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cue synergy in Littorina littorea navigation following wave dislodgement AN - 20806559; 10890495 AB - Under the assumption that dislodged intertidal gastropods have developed some adaptations to return to their original habitat, we investigated the cues involved in the navigation ability of Littorina littorea, following a simulated wave-dislodgement. Return rates decreased by 2 and 4-fold in the absence of chemical cues at the surface of the sediment and the rock, respectively. The 19-fold decrease in return rates observed in the absence of both cues suggests their synergistic effect on L. littorea navigation. Chemoreception might be much more involved in the navigation and the survival of intertidal gastropods following wave dislodgement than previously thought. JF - Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom AU - Chapperon, Coraline AU - Seuront, Laurent AD - School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia, Coraline.Chapperon@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1133 EP - 1136 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU VL - 89 IS - 6 SN - 0025-3154, 0025-3154 KW - Common periwinkle KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Adaptations KW - Gastropoda KW - Navigation behavior KW - Survival KW - Habitat KW - Sediments KW - Orientation behaviour KW - Chemoreception KW - Littorina littorea KW - Chemical stimuli KW - Marine molluscs KW - Waves KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Y 25080:Orientation, Migration and Locomotion KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - R 18002:Internal chemoreception KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20806559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Marine+Biological+Association+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.atitle=Cue+synergy+in+Littorina+littorea+navigation+following+wave+dislodgement&rft.au=Chapperon%2C+Coraline%3BSeuront%2C+Laurent&rft.aulast=Chapperon&rft.aufirst=Coraline&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Marine+Biological+Association+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.issn=00253154&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0025315409000150 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment chemistry; Chemical stimuli; Adaptations; Marine molluscs; Orientation behaviour; Chemoreception; Navigation behavior; Survival; Waves; Habitat; Sediments; Littorina littorea; Gastropoda; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409000150 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiration rates in marine heterotrophic bacteria relate to the cytometric characteristics of bacterioplankton communities AN - 20804942; 10890503 AB - Respiration in marine bacteria (fraction <0.6km) was investigated in 5 distinct coastal ecosystems. Respiration rates were estimated from the decrease of dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations measured with a fibre-optic oxygen sensor (optode) during short-term incubations (5 to 6 hours) in the dark. Sub-populations of heterotrophic bacteria were defined and enumerated by flow cytometric analysis. Respiration rates ranged from 0.04 to 0.14kmol O2 l-1 h-1 and were not correlated to total bacteria abundances. In contrast, they significantly increased with the relative proportion of HDNA cells (i.e. high deoxyribonucleic acid content) within the bacterioplankton community. These results stress the need to relate bacterial respiration rates to the absolute and relative abundance of the different cytometrically defined sub-populations found in bacterial assemblages, rather than to total cell counts. This result indicates that only a fraction of bacterial cells may contribute to bacterial respiration, which indicates a reconsideration of the relevance of some previous estimates of bulk bacterial respiration and the related biogeochemical fluxes may be required. JF - Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom AU - Schapira, Mathilde AU - Pollet, Thomas AU - Mitchell, James G AU - Seuront, L AD - School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia, M.Schapira@ru.ac.za Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1161 EP - 1169 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU VL - 89 IS - 6 SN - 0025-3154, 0025-3154 KW - Bacteria KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Sensors KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Respiration KW - Subpopulations KW - Bacterioplankton KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Nannoplankton KW - Flow cytometry KW - Oxygen KW - DNA KW - Microorganisms KW - Heterotrophic bacteria KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20804942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Marine+Biological+Association+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.atitle=Respiration+rates+in+marine+heterotrophic+bacteria+relate+to+the+cytometric+characteristics+of+bacterioplankton+communities&rft.au=Schapira%2C+Mathilde%3BPollet%2C+Thomas%3BMitchell%2C+James+G%3BSeuront%2C+L&rft.aulast=Schapira&rft.aufirst=Mathilde&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Marine+Biological+Association+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.issn=00253154&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0025315409000617 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensors; Biogeochemistry; Subpopulations; Respiration; Microorganisms; DNA; Dissolved oxygen; Nannoplankton; Flow cytometry; Oxygen; Heterotrophic bacteria; Bacterioplankton; Bacteria; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409000617 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CFD based investigations into optimization of coal pulveriser performance: Effect of classifier vane settings AN - 20801120; 10871383 AB - In coal-fired power plant, pulveriser is the first major component, whose performance dictates the total power plant efficiency. Uniform flow rate and desired size fraction at outlet pipes along with higher classifier efficiency are three important measures which decide the pulverizer performance. Optimization of pulverizer at its best operating conditions has been considered as a potential area that needs to be addressed for improving unit performance, emissions, operations, and maintenance. The best operating conditions are optimum air velocity and classifier vane settings. In this investigation, numerical simulations of a typical pf coal based pulveriser have been carried out for different classifier vane settings to evaluate uniform flow rate and desired size fraction at outlet pipes along with high optimum classifier efficiency. The optimum opening for the vanes has been determined based on the above measures, which not only reduces unburnt CO, SO sub(x) and NO sub(x) emissions at boiler end but also minimise energy consumption of mill (in terms of reductions in regrinding cost). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the coal classifier physical model indicate good agreement with the plant data, in terms of internal flow patterns, particle collection efficiency and desired cut size. From the simulation studies, optimum opening for the vanes is found to be 65% for selected utility which leads to closest uniformity with 60% classifying efficiency wherein 70% particles pass through 75 mu m sieve. JF - Fuel Processing Technology AU - Shah, K V AU - Vuthaluru, R AU - Vuthaluru, H B AD - Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, h.vuthaluru@exchange.curtin.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 1135 EP - 1141 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 90 IS - 9 SN - 0378-3820, 0378-3820 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Pipes KW - Simulation KW - Particulates KW - Coal KW - fluid dynamics KW - Flow rates KW - Efficiency KW - Emissions KW - Power plants KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20801120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.atitle=CFD+based+investigations+into+optimization+of+coal+pulveriser+performance%3A+Effect+of+classifier+vane+settings&rft.au=Shah%2C+K+V%3BVuthaluru%2C+R%3BVuthaluru%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.issn=03783820&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fuproc.2009.05.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Efficiency; Coal; Simulation; Power plants; Emissions; Particulates; Flow rates; Pipes; fluid dynamics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.05.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Qualitative modelling and indicators of exploited ecosystems AN - 20796636; 10844469 AB - AbstractImplementing ecosystem-based fisheries management requires indicators and models that address the impacts of fishing across entire ecological communities. However, the complexity of many ecosystems presents a challenge to analysis, especially if reliant on quantification because of the onerous task of precisely measuring or estimating numerous parameters. We present qualitative modelling as a complementary approach to quantitative methods. Qualitative modelling clarifies how community structure alone affects dynamics, here of exploited populations. We build an array of models that describe different ecosystems with different harvesting practices, and analyse them to predict responses to various perturbations. This approach demonstrates the utility of qualitative modelling as a means to identify and interpret community-level indicators for systems that are at or near equilibrium, and for those that are frequently perturbed away from equilibrium. Examining the interaction of ecological and socio-economic variables associated with commercial fisheries provides an understanding of the main feedbacks that drive and regulate exploited ecosystems. The method is particularly useful for systems where the basic relationships between variables are understood but where precise or detailed data are lacking. JF - Fish and Fisheries AU - Dambacher, Jeffrey M AU - Gaughan, Daniel J AU - Rochet, Marie-Joelle AU - Rossignol, Philippe A AU - Trenkel, Verena M AD - CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, GPO Box 1538, Hobart Tasmania 7001, Australia Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 305 EP - 322 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 1467-2960, 1467-2960 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Ecosystems KW - Socioeconomics KW - exploitation KW - Models KW - Fishing KW - Commercial fishing KW - Socioeconomic aspects KW - Fishery management KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Fisheries KW - Feedback KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - fishery management KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - harvesting KW - Fish KW - Population structure KW - fishing KW - Harvesting KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20796636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fish+and+Fisheries&rft.atitle=Qualitative+modelling+and+indicators+of+exploited+ecosystems&rft.au=Dambacher%2C+Jeffrey+M%3BGaughan%2C+Daniel+J%3BRochet%2C+Marie-Joelle%3BRossignol%2C+Philippe+A%3BTrenkel%2C+Verena+M&rft.aulast=Dambacher&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fish+and+Fisheries&rft.issn=14672960&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-2979.2008.00323.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Commercial fishing; Community composition; Socioeconomic aspects; Interspecific relationships; Fishery management; Population structure; Ecosystem disturbance; Harvesting; Fishing; Data processing; Community structure; Fisheries; Feedback; Models; Ecosystems; harvesting; Socioeconomics; fishery management; Fish; exploitation; fishing; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00323.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Greywater treatment by UVC/H sub(2)O sub(2); Greywater treatment by UVC/H sub(2)O sub(2) AN - 20793833; 10888869 AB - Greywater treatment by UVC/H sub(2)O sub(2) was investigated with regard to the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). A COD reduction from 225 to 30mgl super(-) super(1) (overall removal of 87%) was achieved after settling overnight and subsequent irradiation for 3h with 10mM H sub(2)O sub(2). Most of the contaminants were removed by oxidation since only 13% COD was removed by settlement. The removal of COD in the greywater followed a second-order kinetic equation, r=0.0637[COD][H sub(2)O sub(2)], up to 10mM H sub(2)O sub(2). A slightly enhanced COD removal was observed at the initial pH of 10 compared with pH 3 and 7. This was attributed to the dissociation of H sub(2)O sub(2) to O sub(2)H super(-). The treatment was not affected by total concentration of carbonate (c sub(T)) of at least 3mM, above which operation between pH 3 and 5 was essential. The initial biodegradability of the settled greywater (as BOD sub(5):COD) was 0.22. After 2h UVC/H sub(2)O sub(2) treatment, a higher proportion of the residual contaminants was biodegradable (BOD sub(5):COD=0.41) which indicated its potential as a pre-treatment for a biological process. JF - Water Research AU - Chin, W H AU - Roddick, F A AU - Harris, J L AD - Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia, felicity.roddick@rmit.edu.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 3940 EP - 3947 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 43 IS - 16 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Biodegradability KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Chemical Oxygen Demand KW - Chemical oxygen demand KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20793833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Greywater+treatment+by+UVC%2FH+sub%282%29O+sub%282%29%3B+Greywater+treatment+by+UVC%2FH+sub%282%29O+sub%282%29&rft.au=Chin%2C+W+H%3BRoddick%2C+F+A%3BHarris%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Chin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=3940&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.watres.2009.06.050 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydrogen peroxide; Chemical oxygen demand; Chemical Oxygen Demand DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.050 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectors of biotrophic fungi and oomycetes: pathogenicity factors and triggers of host resistance AN - 20781401; 10845689 AB - SummaryMany biotrophic fungal and oomycete pathogens share a common infection process involving the formation of haustoria, which penetrate host cell walls and form a close association with plant membranes. Recent studies have identified a class of pathogenicity effector proteins from these pathogens that is transferred into host cells from haustoria during infection. This insight stemmed from the identification of avirulence (Avr) proteins from these pathogens that are recognized by intracellular host resistance (R) proteins. Oomycete effectors contain a conserved translocation motif that directs their uptake into host cells independently of the pathogen, and is shared with the human malaria pathogen. Genome sequence information indicates that oomycetes may express several hundred such host-translocated effectors. Elucidating the transport mechanism of fungal and oomycete effectors and their roles in disease offers new opportunities to understand how these pathogens are able to manipulate host cells to establish a parasitic relationship and to develop new disease-control measures.New Phytologist (2009) 183: 993-1000doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02922.x JF - New Phytologist AU - Dodds, Peter N AU - Rafiqi, Maryam AU - Gan, Pamela HP AU - Hardham, Adrienne R AU - Jones, David A AU - Ellis, Jeffrey G AD - 1Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 993 EP - 1000 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 183 IS - 4 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - avirulence KW - biotroph KW - effector proteins KW - haustoria KW - oomycete KW - resistance KW - rust KW - Genomes KW - Human diseases KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Fungi KW - Malaria KW - Pathogens KW - Hosts KW - Infection KW - Host plants KW - Oomycetes KW - R protein KW - Public health KW - Pathogenicity KW - Haustoria KW - Avr protein KW - DNA KW - Translocation KW - Cell walls KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20781401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Effectors+of+biotrophic+fungi+and+oomycetes%3A+pathogenicity+factors+and+triggers+of+host+resistance&rft.au=Dodds%2C+Peter+N%3BRafiqi%2C+Maryam%3BGan%2C+Pamela+HP%3BHardham%2C+Adrienne+R%3BJones%2C+David+A%3BEllis%2C+Jeffrey+G&rft.aulast=Dodds&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.2009.02922.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Human diseases; Fungi; DNA; Malaria; Hosts; Pathogens; Cell walls; Public health; Nucleotide sequence; Infection; Host plants; R protein; Pathogenicity; Haustoria; Avr protein; Translocation; Oomycetes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02922.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasitoid control of aphids in organic and conventional farming systems AN - 20682805; 10066510 AB - Organic farmers cannot use most commonly available synthetic insecticides to control crop pests and reduce economic losses due to pest outbreaks. Instead, they rely heavily on the activities of naturally occurring predators and parasitoids, particularly in broad-acre crops such as cereals. It is still unclear whether organic farms which typically support greater levels of biodiversity also experience greater levels of pest control services. We assess whether organic farming systems were better able to control cereal aphids due to a greater diversity and activity of naturally occurring parasitoid species. We anticipated greater parasitism rate of aphids in organic arable fields due to closer proximity to plants that provide resources for adult parasitoids and places that are suitable for overwintering, and the presence of alternate aphid hosts when cereals are absent. Aphids were collected from organic and conventional cereal crops, and screened for parasitoid DNA using diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Aphid abundance was low across the season, however organic cereal fields had significantly greater aphid abundance. From the 1446 aphids screened we detected 12 parasitoid taxa. There was no difference in parasitism rate between the farming systems (org. mean mortality 20.9+/-3.3% s.e., con. 29.8+/-4.9%). Furthermore, there was no difference between farming systems in hyperparasitoid attack and multiparasitism rates, parasitoid richness and parasitoid community diversity. The most abundant species recorded on organic and conventional farms was the generalist aphid primary parasitoid Ephedrus plagiator. It appears that the extra plant diversity and greater area of semi-natural habitats on organic farms offer no advantage for increasing cereal aphid parasitoid diversity, at least at the aphid abundances encountered during the sampling period. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Macfadyen, S AU - Gibson, R AU - Raso, L AU - Sint, D AU - Traugott, M AU - Memmott, J AD - Black Mountain, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, sarina.macfadyen@csiro.au Y1 - 2009/09// PY - 2009 DA - Sep 2009 SP - 14 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 133 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - plant diversity KW - Farms KW - Ecosystems KW - Aphididae KW - Abundance KW - Biological diversity KW - Sustainable development KW - Parasitism KW - Crops KW - Rhopalosiphum padi KW - pests KW - Insecticides KW - Cereals KW - overwintering KW - Economics KW - agriculture KW - Pest control KW - abundance KW - Parasitoids KW - taxa KW - farms KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Pests KW - Mortality KW - pest outbreaks KW - Organic farming KW - predators KW - DNA KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Z 05350:Medical, Veterinary, and Agricultural Entomology KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20682805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Parasitoid+control+of+aphids+in+organic+and+conventional+farming+systems&rft.au=Macfadyen%2C+S%3BGibson%2C+R%3BRaso%2C+L%3BSint%2C+D%3BTraugott%2C+M%3BMemmott%2C+J&rft.aulast=Macfadyen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.agee.2009.04.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Farms; Cereals; Economics; Abundance; Polymerase chain reaction; Pests; Parasitism; Crops; Parasitoids; plant diversity; Mortality; Ecosystems; pest outbreaks; agriculture; Sustainable development; Biological diversity; Pest control; taxa; Organic farming; predators; pests; Insecticides; overwintering; farms; DNA; abundance; Rhopalosiphum padi; Aphididae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.012 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Reporting and Disclosure Requirements for Institutions of Higher Education to Participate in Federal Student Aid Programs under Title IV of the Higher Education Act AN - 58836092; 2008-423472 AB - Federal student aid programs are authorized under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965. Institutions that participate in one or more Title IV programs, or that seek to begin participating in these programs, are subject to a wide range of requirements under the act to report or disclose information to the Secretary of Education, to students, to the public, or to other entities; and this report provides an in-depth examination of the reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to institutions of higher education (IHEs) that participate in Title IV federal student aid programs. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Aug 31 2009, 115 pp. AU - Smole, David P Y1 - 2009/08/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 31 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Education and education policy - Education financing and facilities KW - Education and education policy - Education KW - Education and education policy - Education personnel and population KW - Banking and public and private finance - Public finance KW - Education KW - College students KW - Government loans and grants KW - Student loans KW - Federal aid KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58836092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Smole%2C+David+P&rft.aulast=Smole&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2009-08-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Reporting+and+Disclosure+Requirements+for+Institutions+of+Higher+Education+to+Participate+in+Federal+Student+Aid+Programs+under+Title+IV+of+the+Higher+Education+Act&rft.title=Reporting+and+Disclosure+Requirements+for+Institutions+of+Higher+Education+to+Participate+in+Federal+Student+Aid+Programs+under+Title+IV+of+the+Higher+Education+Act&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40789_20090831.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40789 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Identity Theft: Trends and Issues AN - 58844359; 2010-442842 AB - In securing the nation and its economic health, policymakers are also tasked with reducing identity theft and its impact. Congress continues to debate the federal government's role in (1) preventing identity theft and its related crimes, (2) mitigating the potential effects of identity theft after it occurs, and (3) providing the most effective tools to investigate and prosecute identity thieves. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Aug 26 2009, 27 pp. AU - Finklea, Kristin M Y1 - 2009/08/26/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 26 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Social conditions and policy - Social policy and social development KW - Administration of justice - Crime and criminals KW - United States Congress KW - Identity theft KW - Crime and criminals KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58844359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Finklea%2C+Kristin+M&rft.aulast=Finklea&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft.date=2009-08-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Identity+Theft%3A+Trends+and+Issues&rft.title=Identity+Theft%3A+Trends+and+Issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40599_20090826.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40599 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Unauthorized Aliens Residing in the United States: Estimates since 1986 AN - 58830400; 2008-423473 AB - Estimates derived from the March Supplement of the US Census Bureau's Current Population Survey (CPS) indicate that the unauthorized resident alien population (referred to as illegal aliens) rose from 3.2 million in 1986 to 11.9 million in 2008, but it estimated that the unauthorized resident alien population has fallen to 10.8 million in 2009. Research suggests that various factors have contributed to the ebb and flow of unauthorized resident aliens, and that the increase is often attributed to the "push-pull" of prosperity-fueled job opportunities in the US in contrast to limited or nonexistent job opportunities in the sending countries. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Aug 25 2009, 13 pp. AU - Wasem, Ruth Ellen Y1 - 2009/08/25/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 25 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Population groups, population policy, and demographics - Immigrants and aliens KW - Law and ethics - Citizenship, immigration, and immigration law and policy KW - Population groups, population policy, and demographics - Demography and census KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - Labor conditions and policy - Work and labor KW - United States KW - Aliens, Illegal KW - Alien labor KW - Population KW - Census KW - Economic conditions KW - Demographics KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58830400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Wasem%2C+Ruth+Ellen&rft.aulast=Wasem&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.date=2009-08-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Unauthorized+Aliens+Residing+in+the+United+States%3A+Estimates+since+1986&rft.title=Unauthorized+Aliens+Residing+in+the+United+States%3A+Estimates+since+1986&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33874_20090825.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL33874 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation: Background and Analysis AN - 58826950; 2008-423474 AB - Commercial ties between the US and the 27-member European Union (EU) are substantial, growing, and mutually beneficial; however, differences in regulatory approaches limit an even more integrated marketplace from developing. To deal with this situation, a variety of government-to-government efforts have been created to dismantle existing regulatory barriers and to prevent new ones from emerging -- These efforts fall under the rubric of transatlantic regulatory cooperation (TRC) and are at the heart of today's US-EU economic relationship. This report is intended to serve as an introduction and primer on a complicated, broad, and often highly technical set of issues. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Aug 24 2009, 24 pp. AU - Ahearn, Raymond J Y1 - 2009/08/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 24 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - International relations KW - International relations - Regional organizations KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - Business and service sector - Business and business enterprises KW - United States KW - Government regulation of business KW - European Union KW - Economic relations KW - Regulation KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58826950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ahearn%2C+Raymond+J&rft.aulast=Ahearn&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=2009-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Transatlantic+Regulatory+Cooperation%3A+Background+and+Analysis&rft.title=Transatlantic+Regulatory+Cooperation%3A+Background+and+Analysis&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34717_20090824.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL34717 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Upscaling, Transport and Memory T2 - 2009 Annual Conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG 2009) AN - 40343549; 5269386 JF - 2009 Annual Conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG 2009) AU - Llerar, Geronimo AU - Gomez-Hernandez, Jaime Y1 - 2009/08/23/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 23 KW - Memory KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40343549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Annual+Conference+of+the+International+Association+for+Mathematical+Geosciences+%28IAMG+2009%29&rft.atitle=Upscaling%2C+Transport+and+Memory&rft.au=Llerar%2C+Geronimo%3BGomez-Hernandez%2C+Jaime&rft.aulast=Llerar&rft.aufirst=Geronimo&rft.date=2009-08-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Annual+Conference+of+the+International+Association+for+Mathematical+Geosciences+%28IAMG+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pangea.stanford.edu/groups/iamg/agenda/agendav.01.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do logging, followed by burning, and wildfire differ in their decadal scale effects on tall open-forest bryophytes and vascular plants? AN - 20882219; 10241648 AB - There has been only one time-controlled study, in Canada, comparing the occurrence of bryophyte species in forests regenerating after wildfire with that in those regenerating after logging and regeneration burning. Previous work on vascular plants in Tasmanian tall open-forest dominated by Eucalyptus showed that filmy ferns were less common in areas that had been logged and regeneration burned than in areas burned by wildfire two decades after the events, which suggested that hygrophilous species, such as bryophytes, might be vulnerable to this silvicultural system. Bryophytes, vascular plants structural and environmental data were collected from 50 sites, which had been burned in wildfires or clearfelled and burned by prescribed fires 31-39 years previously. Eighteen percent of the vascular plant species for which it was possible to develop a multiple regression model had logging /wildfire as a component, whereas the equivalent figure for bryophytes was 17%. The negative effects of logging were concentrated on the more hygrophilous species, and the positive effects were concentrated on the basal area of tree species and some of the mosses dependent on them. We conclude that wildfire and logging followed by regeneration burning result in vegetation differences that last more than three decades after disturbance, that these differences are no more pronounced for bryophytes than for vascular plants, and that hygrophilous taxa are favoured more by wildfire than logging. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Turner, PAM AU - Kirkpatrick, J B AD - University of Tasmania, Private Bag 78, GPO, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, J.Kirkpatrick@utas.edu.au Y1 - 2009/08/20/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 20 SP - 679 EP - 686 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 258 IS - 5 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - silviculture KW - wildfire KW - Forest management KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - taxa KW - Eucalyptus KW - Logging KW - Vulnerability KW - Fires KW - disturbance KW - Data processing KW - regeneration KW - Vegetation KW - logging KW - burning KW - ferns KW - Dominant species KW - Wildfire KW - Canada KW - Plants KW - vulnerability KW - Burning KW - Q1 08221:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08501:General KW - ENA 15:Renewable Resources-Terrestrial KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20882219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Do+logging%2C+followed+by+burning%2C+and+wildfire+differ+in+their+decadal+scale+effects+on+tall+open-forest+bryophytes+and+vascular+plants%3F&rft.au=Turner%2C+PAM%3BKirkpatrick%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=PAM&rft.date=2009-08-20&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2009.05.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Logging; Dominant species; Forests; Vulnerability; Forest management; Fires; Data processing; Wildfire; Plants; Burning; wildfire; silviculture; disturbance; regeneration; Trees; Vegetation; logging; taxa; burning; ferns; vulnerability; Eucalyptus; Canada DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury Induces an Unopposed Inflammatory Response in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Vitro AN - 746080179; 12746944 AB - The human immune response to mercury is not well characterized despite the body of evidence that suggests that Hg can modulate immune responses, including the induction of autoimmune disease in some mouse models. Dysregulation of cytokine signaling appears to play an important role in the etiology of Hg-induced autoimmunity in animal models. In this study, we systematically investigated the human immune response to Hg in vitro in terms of cytokine release. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 20 volunteers who donated blood six separate times. PBMCs were cultured with lipopolysaccharide and concentrations of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) up to 200 nM. Seven cytokines representing important pathways in physiologic and pathologic immune responses were measured in supernatants. We used multilevel models to account for the intrinsic clustering in the cytokine data due to experimental design. We found a consistent increase in the release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and tumor necrosis factor-a, and concurrent decrease in release of the antiinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1-receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-10 in human PBMCs treated with subcytotoxic concentrations of HgCl2. IL-4, IL-17, and interferon-g increased in a concentration-response manner. These results were replicated in a second, independently recruited population of 20 different volunteers. Low concentrations of HgCl2 affect immune function in human cells by dysregulation of cytokine signaling pathways, with the potential to influence diverse health outcomes such as susceptibility to infectious disease or risk of autoimmunity. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gardner, Renee M AU - Nyland, Jennifer F AU - Evans, Sean L AU - Wang, Susie B AU - Doyle, Kathleen M AU - Crainiceanu, Ciprian M AU - Silbergeld, Ellen K AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2009/08/19/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 19 SP - 1932 EP - 1938 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - immunotoxicity KW - inflammation KW - mercury KW - multilevel modeling KW - Interleukin 4 KW - Interleukin 1 KW - Autoimmune diseases KW - Chlorides KW - Animal models KW - tumors KW - Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist KW - Interleukin 10 KW - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells KW - Infectious diseases KW - Interleukin 17 KW - Cytokines KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Etiology KW - g-Interferon KW - Data processing KW - autoimmune diseases KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - Inflammation KW - Mercuric chloride KW - Mercury KW - Immune response KW - Signal transduction KW - ENA 13:Population Planning & Control KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - F 06910:Microorganisms & Parasites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746080179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mercury+Induces+an+Unopposed+Inflammatory+Response+in+Human+Peripheral+Blood+Mononuclear+Cells+in+Vitro&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Renee+M%3BNyland%2C+Jennifer+F%3BEvans%2C+Sean+L%3BWang%2C+Susie+B%3BDoyle%2C+Kathleen+M%3BCrainiceanu%2C+Ciprian+M%3BSilbergeld%2C+Ellen+K&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Renee&rft.date=2009-08-19&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1932&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900855 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Etiology; Interleukin 4; Data processing; g-Interferon; Autoimmune diseases; Interleukin 1; Animal models; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; Inflammation; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Mercuric chloride; Infectious diseases; Interleukin 17; Lipopolysaccharides; Cytokines; Immune response; Signal transduction; autoimmune diseases; Chlorides; Mercury; tumors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900855 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Brazil-U.S. Relations AN - 58836793; 2008-423651 AB - On January 1, 2007, Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, of the leftist Workers' Party (PT), was inaugurated to a second four-year term as President of Brazil. During the first Lula term, Brazil's relations with the US were generally positive, although President Lula prioritized strengthening relations with neighboring countries and expanding ties with nontraditional partners, including India and China. Brazil-US cooperation has increased during President Lula's second term, particularly on energy issues. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Aug 18 2009, 25 pp. AU - Meyer, Peter J AU - Seelke, Clare Ribando Y1 - 2009/08/18/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 18 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - International relations KW - Government - Public officials KW - Energy resources and policy - Energy policy KW - United States KW - Energy policy KW - International cooperation KW - Brazil KW - Lula da Silva, Luiz Inacio KW - Foreign relations KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58836793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Peter+J%3BSeelke%2C+Clare+Ribando&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2009-08-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Brazil-U.S.+Relations&rft.title=Brazil-U.S.+Relations&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33456_20090818.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-03 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL33456 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of calcium compounds on the mechanical properties of fly ash geopolymer pastes AN - 20627353; 9334072 AB - The influence of calcium compounds (CaO and Ca(OH) sub(2)) on the mechanical properties of fly ash based geopolymers has been studied. Calcium compounds were substituted in fly ash at 1, 2 and 3wt%, respectively. Curing of the geopolymers was performed at ambient temperature (20 super(o)C) and 70 super(o)C. Addition of calcium compounds as a fly ash substitute improved mechanical properties for the ambient temperature cured samples while decreasing properties for the 70 super(o)C cured samples. Seven days compressive strength of the ambient temperature cured samples increased from 11.8 (2.9) to 22.8 (3.8)MPa and 29.2 (1.1)MPa for 3% CaO and 3% Ca(OH) sub(2) additions, respectively. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - Temuujin, J AU - van Riessen, A AU - Williams, R AD - Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia, jtemuujin@yahoo.com Y1 - 2009/08/15/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 15 SP - 82 EP - 88 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 167 IS - 1-3 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Calcium KW - Fly ash KW - Mechanical properties KW - X 24490:Other UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20627353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Influence+of+calcium+compounds+on+the+mechanical+properties+of+fly+ash+geopolymer+pastes&rft.au=Temuujin%2C+J%3Bvan+Riessen%2C+A%3BWilliams%2C+R&rft.aulast=Temuujin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2009-08-15&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhazmat.2008.12.121 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Calcium; Fly ash; Mechanical properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.121 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - North Korea: Economic Leverage and Policy Analysis AN - 58823640; 2008-423649 AB - The Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) has participated in provocative military actions, a shift in power toward the military, emphasis on ideological purity, rising criticism of the US, and forwarding its nuclear and missile program. The economy of North Korea is of congressional interest because it provides the financial and industrial resources for the Kim Jong-il regime to develop its military and to remain in power, motivates refugees to flee the country, creates pressures to trade in arms or engage in illicit economic activity, requires humanitarian assistance, and creates instability that affects South Korea and China. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Aug 14 2009, 61 pp. AU - Nanto, Dick K AU - Chanlett-Avery, Emma Y1 - 2009/08/14/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 14 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - International relations KW - United States KW - Economic relations KW - North Korea KW - Kim, Chong Il KW - Foreign relations KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58823640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Nanto%2C+Dick+K%3BChanlett-Avery%2C+Emma&rft.aulast=Nanto&rft.aufirst=Dick&rft.date=2009-08-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=North+Korea%3A+Economic+Leverage+and+Policy+Analysis&rft.title=North+Korea%3A+Economic+Leverage+and+Policy+Analysis&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32493_20090814.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL32493 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations AN - 58832506; 2008-423476 AB - This report provides background information about Saudi Arabia and analyzes current issues in US-Saudi relations. A close Cold War-era relationship between the US government and the ruling Al Saud family was built on shared interests in securing Saudi oil production and in combating global Communism, but since the end of the Cold War, the emergence of the Al Qaeda terrorist threat and volatile regional security conditions in the Middle East have tested US-Saudi relations. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Aug 13 2009, 47 pp. AU - Blanchard, Christopher M Y1 - 2009/08/13/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 13 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - International relations KW - Government - Forms of government KW - Politics - Political ideologies and movements KW - Energy resources and policy - Petroleum and natural gas industries and products KW - International relations - International peace and security KW - United States KW - Monarchy KW - Petroleum industry KW - Saudi Arabia KW - Post-communism KW - Regional security KW - Al Qaeda KW - Foreign relations KW - Middle East KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58832506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Blanchard%2C+Christopher+M&rft.aulast=Blanchard&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2009-08-13&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+Background+and+U.S.+Relations&rft.title=Saudi+Arabia%3A+Background+and+U.S.+Relations&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33533_20090813.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-03 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL33533 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Global Financial Crisis: Increasing IMF Resources and the Role of Congress AN - 58837583; 2010-442658 AB - In April 2009, the leaders of the 20 systemically important industrialized and developing countries (G-20) agreed on several initiatives to bolster the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) resources, improving its ability to provide financial assistance to countries impacted by the ongoing financial crisis. Despite concerns about the process of authorizing and appropriating contributions to the IMF and the impact on the global economy of creating a large of amount of Special Drawing Rights (SDR), US participation in the funding agreement, and the requisite authorizations for IMF reform efforts, were included in the FY2009 Spring Supplemental Appropriations for Overseas Contingency Operations. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Aug 10 2009, 17 pp. AU - Sanford, Jonathan E AU - Weiss, Martin A Y1 - 2009/08/10/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 10 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Banking and public and private finance - International banking and finance and financial institutions KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - United States KW - Special drawing rights KW - International monetary fund KW - International finance KW - Economic conditions KW - Developing countries KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58837583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Sanford%2C+Jonathan+E%3BWeiss%2C+Martin+A&rft.aulast=Sanford&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2009-08-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Global+Financial+Crisis%3A+Increasing+IMF+Resources+and+the+Role+of+Congress&rft.title=The+Global+Financial+Crisis%3A+Increasing+IMF+Resources+and+the+Role+of+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40578_20090810.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-05 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40578 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Department of Homeland Security Assistance to States and Localities: A Summary and Issues for the 111th Congress AN - 58838505; 2008-423483 AB - The 111th Congress is expected to consider questions and issues associated with Department of Homeland Security programs that provide funding, training, or technical assistance to states, localities, tribes, and other entities to prepare for, respond to, and recover from man-made and natural disasters. This report summarizes these programs and identifies and analyzes potential issues for the 111th Congress, including (1) the purpose and number of assistance programs; (2) the evaluation of the use of grant funding; (3) the determination of eligible grant recipients; (4) the programs' funding amounts; and (5) the programs' funding distribution methodologies. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Aug 5 2009, 24 pp. AU - Reese, Shawn Y1 - 2009/08/05/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 05 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Government - Intergovernmental relations KW - Military and defense policy - National defense KW - International relations - International relief and humanitarian assistance KW - Environment and environmental policy - Weather, climate, and natural disasters KW - United States Congress KW - Federal and local government relations KW - United States Homeland security department KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Technical assistance KW - Disasters KW - National defense KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58838505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Reese%2C+Shawn&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft.date=2009-08-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Department+of+Homeland+Security+Assistance+to+States+and+Localities%3A+A+Summary+and+Issues+for+the+111th+Congress&rft.title=Department+of+Homeland+Security+Assistance+to+States+and+Localities%3A+A+Summary+and+Issues+for+the+111th+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40246_20090805.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-03 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40246 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer Risk Disparities between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Populations: The Role of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution AN - 746001275; 12747072 AB - Hispanics are the fastest growing minority group in the United States; however, minimal information is available on their cancer risks from exposures to hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and how these risks compare to risks to non-Hispanic whites. We estimated the personal exposure and cancer risk of Hispanic and white adults who participated in the Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air (RIOPA) study. We evaluated 12 of the sampled volatile organic compounds and carbonyls and identified the HAPs of most concern and their possible sources. Furthermore, we examined sociodemographic factors and building characteristics. Cumulative cancer risks (CCRs) estimated for Hispanics (median = 519 10-6, 90th percentile = 3,968 10-6) and for whites (median = 443 10-6, 90th percentile = 751 10-6) were much greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) benchmark of 10-6. Cumulative risks were dominated by formaldehyde and p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) and, to a lesser extent, by acetaldehyde, chloroform, and benzene. Exposure to all of these compounds except benzene was primarily due to indoor residential sources. Hispanics had statistically higher CCRs than did whites (p , 0.05) because of differences in exposure to p-DCB, chloroform, and benzene. Formaldehyde was the largest contributor to CCR for 69% of Hispanics and 88% of whites. Cancer risks for pollutants emitted indoors increased in houses with lower ventilation rates. Hispanics appear to be disproportionately affected by certain HAPs from indoor and outdoor sources. Policies that aim to reduce risk from exposure to HAPs for the entire population and population subgroups should consider indoor air pollution. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hun, Diana E AU - Siegel, Jeffrey A AU - Morandi, Maria T AU - Stock, Thomas H AU - Corsi, Richard L AD - University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA Y1 - 2009/08/04/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 04 SP - 1925 EP - 1931 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - cancer risk assessment KW - formaldehyde KW - hazardous air pollutants KW - Hispanics KW - p-dichlorobenzene KW - personal exposure KW - Housing KW - Ventilation KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Pollution effects KW - Formaldehyde KW - Risk reduction KW - Minority groups KW - Benzene KW - Cancer KW - Carbonyl compounds KW - Air pollution KW - risk reduction KW - Chloroform KW - EPA KW - USA KW - benchmarks KW - Residential areas KW - Benchmarks KW - carbonyl compounds KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Ethnic groups KW - minority groups KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746001275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cancer+Risk+Disparities+between+Hispanic+and+Non-Hispanic+White+Populations%3A+The+Role+of+Exposure+to+Indoor+Air+Pollution&rft.au=Hun%2C+Diana+E%3BSiegel%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BMorandi%2C+Maria+T%3BStock%2C+Thomas+H%3BCorsi%2C+Richard+L&rft.aulast=Hun&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft.date=2009-08-04&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1925&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900925 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ventilation; Housing; Indoor air pollution; Formaldehyde; Pollution effects; Risk reduction; Minority groups; Carbonyl compounds; Cancer; Benzene; Air pollution; EPA; Chloroform; risk reduction; benchmarks; Residential areas; Benchmarks; carbonyl compounds; minority groups; Ethnic groups; Volatile organic compounds; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900925 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Passports: Current Regulations AN - 58836219; 2008-423477 AB - Prior to 2007, little or no documentation was required to enter the US from Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, or the Caribbean, but in December 2004, with the 9/11 Commission recommending tighter borders to help prevent another terrorist attack, Congress passed the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), which now requires passports for anyone entering the US. This report discusses changes to the passport process as well the new regulations and their application to children. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Aug 4 2009, 4 pp. AU - Epstein, Susan B Y1 - 2009/08/04/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 04 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Law and ethics - Citizenship, immigration, and immigration law and policy KW - Military and defense policy - National defense KW - Government - Nation state KW - International relations - War KW - Education and education policy - Information services and sources KW - Documentation KW - North America KW - Bermuda KW - September 11, 2001 attacks KW - Canada KW - Visas KW - Border areas KW - Caribbean region KW - Passports KW - National defense KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58836219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Epstein%2C+Susan+B&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2009-08-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Passports%3A+Current+Regulations&rft.title=Passports%3A+Current+Regulations&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22802_20090804.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-03 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RS22802 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of the general practitioner in testing for genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection: an analysis of enhanced surveillance data AN - 807273635; 13812210 AB - Background: To examine the relationship between genital chlamydia testing by healthcare providers and patient demographic characteristics in Tasmania, Australia, from 2001 to 2007. Methods: Analysis of enhanced surveillance data for genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections notified to the Tasmanian Communicable Diseases Prevention Unit between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2007. Results: General practitioners identify most cases of genital chlamydia infection, irrespective of patient age, gender, indigenous status or urban status. Tests that are performed for screening purposes identify the largest number of cases in females, particularly in very young females. In males, tests performed due to the presence of clinical symptoms identify the majority of cases. However, tests performed for the purposes of contact tracing also identify a substantial burden of genital chlamydia infection, particularly in males. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the critical role the general practitioner has in the identification of genital chlamydia infection. Opportunistic screening for genital chlamydia, including in the context of contact tracing, is an essential clinical activity that results in the identification of substantial numbers of cases of infection. Policy makers and public health practitioners should support general practice screening initiatives and remove the barriers to genital chlamydia screening in general practice. JF - Sexual Health AU - Shaw, Kelly AU - Stephens, Nicola AU - Coleman, David AU - O'Sullivan, Maree AD - Department of Health and Human Services, GPO Box 125, Hobart, Tas. 7000, Australia, kelly.shaw@dhhs.tas.gov.au Y1 - 2009/08/03/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 03 SP - 208 EP - 212 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 1448-5028, 1448-5028 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Demography KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Chlamydia trachomatis KW - Infection KW - Contact tracing KW - Public health KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807273635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexual+Health&rft.atitle=Role+of+the+general+practitioner+in+testing+for+genital+Chlamydia+trachomatis+infection%3A+an+analysis+of+enhanced+surveillance+data&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Kelly%3BStephens%2C+Nicola%3BColeman%2C+David%3BO%27Sullivan%2C+Maree&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.date=2009-08-03&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexual+Health&rft.issn=14485028&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FSH09010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Age; Data processing; Contact tracing; Infection; Public health; Chlamydia trachomatis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SH09010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in urban Sydney women: prevalence and predictors AN - 807272038; 13812214 AB - Background: The notification rate of female gonorrhoea in urban Sydney is very low. With the increasing use of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), demonstrating a low prevalence of gonorrhoea in women would have important implications for the reliability of positive results. We determined the prevalence of female cervical gonorrhoea in our urban sexual health clinic and identified associated clinical, behavioural and demographic variables that may allow more targeted screening practices. Methods: The Sydney Sexual Health Centre database was used to identify women tested for cervical gonorrhoea between 1997 and 2007. Diagnostic, demographic and behavioural information were extracted to ascertain the prevalence of gonorrhoea and describe variables associated with infection. Additionally, a case control study was conducted of cervical gonorrhoea cases from January 2000 to December 2005, with two gonorrhoea negative women selected for each case as controls. A blinded researcher examined each medical record to determine genital symptoms, being a contact of gonorrhoea, sex work, sex outside of Australia, injecting drug use. Results: Between 1997 and 2007, 77 women were diagnosed with cervical gonorrhoea, a prevalence of 0.37%. Results of the case control study reveal that women with gonorrhoea were more likely to be symptomatic [odds ratio (OR) 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-8.4], be a known contact of gonorrhoea (OR 264, 95% CI 149-470), or have had recent sex overseas, or with a partner from overseas (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11-2.75). Conclusion: Cervical gonorrhoea infection is rare in our urban sexual health clinic, and even more unlikely in asymptomatic women without risk factors. This low prevalence of gonorrhoea, particularly in asymptomatic women, decreases the reliability of positive NAAT test results. This has important implications for the screening of asymptomatic women presenting to urban sexual health clinics in Australia. JF - Sexual Health AU - McDonagh, Paula AU - Ryder, Nathan AU - McNulty, Anna M AU - Freedman, Eleanor AD - Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, GPO Box 1614, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia, nathan.ryder@sesiahs.health.nsw.gov.au Y1 - 2009/08/03/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 03 SP - 241 EP - 244 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 1448-5028, 1448-5028 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Demography KW - Databases KW - nucleic acids KW - medical records KW - Risk factors KW - Infection KW - Drugs KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - Sex KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807272038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexual+Health&rft.atitle=Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+infection+in+urban+Sydney+women%3A+prevalence+and+predictors&rft.au=McDonagh%2C+Paula%3BRyder%2C+Nathan%3BMcNulty%2C+Anna+M%3BFreedman%2C+Eleanor&rft.aulast=McDonagh&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft.date=2009-08-03&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexual+Health&rft.issn=14485028&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FSH09025 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Databases; nucleic acids; medical records; Risk factors; Infection; Drugs; Sex; Neisseria gonorrhoeae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SH09025 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diastereomers of the Brominated Flame Retardant 1,2-Dibromo-4-(1,2 dibromoethyl)cyclohexane Induce Androgen Receptor Activation in the HepG2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line and the LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cell Line AN - 746075828; 12746912 AB - Reported incidences of prostate cancer and masculinization of animals indicate a release of compounds with androgenic properties into the environment. Large numbers of environmental pollutants have been screened to identify such compounds; however, not until recently was 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH) identified as the first potent activator of the human androgen receptor (hAR). TBECH has been found in beluga whales and bird eggs and has also been found to be maternally transferred in zebrafish. In the present study we investigated interaction energies between TBECH diastereomers (a, b, g, and d) and the hAR, and their ability to activate the receptor and induce prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression in vitro. We performed computational modeling to determine interaction energies between the ligand and the AR ligand-binding site, and measured in vitro competitive binding assays for AR by polarization fluorometry analysis. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine PSA activity in LNCaP and HepG2 cells. We found the g and d diastereomers to be more potent activators of hAR than the a and b diastereomers, which was confirmed in receptor binding studies. All TBECH diastereomers induced PSA expression in LNCaP cells even though the AR present in these cells is mutated (T877A). Modeling studies of LNCaP AR revealed that TBECH diastereomers bound to the receptor with a closer distance to the key amino acids in the ligand-binding domain, indicating stronger binding to the mutated receptor. The present study demonstrates the ability of TBECH to activate the hAR, indicating that it is a potential endocrine disruptor. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Khalaf, Hazem AU - Larsson, Anders AU - Berg, Haakan AU - McCrindle, Robert AU - Arsenault, Gilles AU - Olsson, Per-Erik AD - Oerebro Life Science Center, Academy of Science and Technology, Oerebro University, Oerebro, Sweden Y1 - 2009/08/03/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 03 SP - 1853 EP - 1859 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - androgen KW - brominated flame retardant KW - endocrine disruptor KW - Danio rerio KW - Amino acids KW - endocrine disruptors KW - Fire retardants KW - Cetacea KW - prostate cancer KW - Polarization KW - Immunoassays KW - bird eggs KW - whales KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746075828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Diastereomers+of+the+Brominated+Flame+Retardant+1%2C2-Dibromo-4-%281%2C2+dibromoethyl%29cyclohexane+Induce+Androgen+Receptor+Activation+in+the+HepG2+Hepatocellular+Carcinoma+Cell+Line+and+the+LNCaP+Prostate+Cancer+Cell+Line&rft.au=Khalaf%2C+Hazem%3BLarsson%2C+Anders%3BBerg%2C+Haakan%3BMcCrindle%2C+Robert%3BArsenault%2C+Gilles%3BOlsson%2C+Per-Erik&rft.aulast=Khalaf&rft.aufirst=Hazem&rft.date=2009-08-03&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0901065 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amino acids; endocrine disruptors; Fire retardants; Polarization; prostate cancer; Immunoassays; bird eggs; whales; Danio rerio; Cetacea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901065 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Diagnostic Accuracy of a New Test of Early Nonword Repetition for Differentiating Late Talking and Typically Developing Children AN - 85716635; 200919335 AB - Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of a new Test of Early Nonword Repetition (TENR) for 2-year-old children. Method: 232 British-English-speaking children aged 27 (+/-3) months were assessed on 3 standardized tests (receptive and expressive vocabulary and visual processing) and a novel nonword repetition (NWR) test. Parents completed a British adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences (CDI:WS-UK; Klee & Harrison, 2001). The diagnostic accuracy of two versions (1-3 syllables and 1-4 syllables) of a new NWR test was examined. Standard diagnostic accuracy measures of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios were generated. Results: 177 children (80%) completed the 1-3 syllable task, and 96 children (73%) completed the 1-4 syllable task. The 1-3 syllable version produced a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 7.8 (confidence interval [CI] = 4.5-13.6) and a negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of .28 (CI = .12-.65). The 1-4 syllable version of the NWR test produced a LR+ of 14.88 (CI = 6.1-36.2) and a LR- of .13 (CI = .02-.83). Conclusion: The TENR could be useful for identifying 2-year-old children at risk of language impairment. Adapted from the source document JF - Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research AU - Stokes, Stephanie F AU - Klee, Thomas AD - Curtin U Technology, School of Psychology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia. s.stokes@curtin.edu.au Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - August 2009 SP - 872 EP - 882 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 1092-4388, 1092-4388 KW - British English (09700) KW - Language Impairment (42700) KW - Vocabulary (94830) KW - Visual Processing (94640) KW - Nonsense Words (58350) KW - Diagnostic Tests (18550) KW - Repetition (72923) KW - At Risk Populations (05320) KW - Children (11850) KW - article KW - 6410: language-pathological and normal; language and speech pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85716635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Allba&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language%2C+and+Hearing+Research&rft.atitle=The+Diagnostic+Accuracy+of+a+New+Test+of+Early+Nonword+Repetition+for+Differentiating+Late+Talking+and+Typically+Developing+Children&rft.au=Stokes%2C+Stephanie+F%3BKlee%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=872&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language%2C+and+Hearing+Research&rft.issn=10924388&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diagnostic Tests (18550); Nonsense Words (58350); Repetition (72923); Children (11850); Vocabulary (94830); Visual Processing (94640); Language Impairment (42700); At Risk Populations (05320); British English (09700) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Homeless in Dhaka: violence, sexual harassment, and drug-abuse. AN - 734049849; 19761080 AB - Bangladesh has experienced one of the highest urban population growth rates (around 7% per year) over the past three decades. Dhaka, the capital city, attracts approximately 320,000 migrants from rural areas every year. The city is unable to provide shelter, food, education, healthcare, and employment for its rapidly-expanding population. An estimated 3.4 million people live in the overcrowded slums of Dhaka, and many more live in public spaces lacking the most basic shelter. While a small but growing body of research describes the lives of people who live in urban informal settlements or slums, very little research describes the population with no housing at all. Anecdotally, the homeless population in Dhaka is known to face extortion, erratic unemployment, exposure to violence, and sexual harassment and to engage in high-risk behaviours. However, this has not been systematically documented. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to better understand the challenges in the lives of the homeless population in 11 areas of Dhaka during a 13-month period from June 2007 to June 2008. A modified cluster-sampling method was used for selecting 32 clusters of 14 female and male respondents, for a sample of 896. In addition to sociodemographic details, this paper focuses specifically on violence, drug-abuse, and sexual harassment. The findings showed that physical assaults among the homeless, particularly among women, were a regular phenomenon. Eighty-three percent of female respondents (n=372) were assaulted by their husbands, station masters, and male police officers. They were subjected to lewd gestures, unwelcome advances, and rape. Male respondents reported being physically assaulted while trying to collect food, fighting over space, or while stealing, by police officers, miscreants, or other homeless people. Sixty-nine percent of the male respondents (n=309) used locally-available drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, and two-thirds of injecting drug-users shared needles. The study determined that the homeless are not highly mobile but tend to congregate in clusters night after night. Income-generating activities, targeted education, gender-friendly community police programmes, shelters and crises centres, and greater community involvement are suggested as policy and programmatic interventions to raise the quality of life of this population. In addition, there is a need to reduce high rates of urban migration, a priority for Bangladesh. JF - Journal of health, population, and nutrition AU - Koehlmoos, Tracey Pérez AU - Uddin, Md Jasim AU - Ashraf, Ali AU - Rashid, Mashida AD - ICDDR,B, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Tracey@icddrb.org Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - August 2009 SP - 452 EP - 461 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 1606-0997, 1606-0997 KW - Index Medicus KW - Young Adult KW - Urban Population -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Sex Offenses -- statistics & numerical data KW - Sexual Harassment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - Bangladesh -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Emigration and Immigration KW - Homeless Persons -- statistics & numerical data KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/734049849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+health%2C+population%2C+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=Homeless+in+Dhaka%3A+violence%2C+sexual+harassment%2C+and+drug-abuse.&rft.au=Koehlmoos%2C+Tracey+P%C3%A9rez%3BUddin%2C+Md+Jasim%3BAshraf%2C+Ali%3BRashid%2C+Mashida&rft.aulast=Koehlmoos&rft.aufirst=Tracey&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+health%2C+population%2C+and+nutrition&rft.issn=16060997&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2009-11-24 N1 - Date created - 2009-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Health Policy Plan. 2009 Sep;24(5):385-94 [19535539] J Health Popul Nutr. 2008 Sep;26(3):261-72 [18831223] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recycled Paper Research at the Library of Congress AN - 57742855; 200913400 AB - Current awareness of environmental issues has led to many countries implementing governmental mandates for recycling of materials. One area of focus in the USA is recycled paper with the issuance of Executive Order 12873, "Federal Acquisition, Recycling, and Waste Prevention." This established specific requirements for Government purchasers of paper with Section 504 of this order defining minimum content standards for postconsumer recovered materials in printing and writing papers, 30 percent required from December 31, 1998. For libraries and archives where long-term storage and use of written materials and records are critical, the quality of the paper being manufactured with a recycled component is of concern for the longevity of these materials. The assessment of the archival quality, or permanence, of recycled paper is a current research focus at the Library of Congress Preservation Research and Testing Division where the impact of a range of factors on recycled paper are being investigated: percent content, quality, number of recycles and the effect of manufacturing processes on mechanical and chemical stability. Adapted from the source document. JF - International Preservation News AU - France, Fenella G AU - Kullman, Matthew AD - Preservation Research and Testing Division, Library of Congress Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - August 2009 SP - 10 EP - 16 PB - Biblioteque Nationale de France, Paris, France IS - 48 SN - 0890-4960, 0890-4960 KW - Library of Congress KW - Preservation KW - Recycling KW - article KW - 9.15: TECHNICAL SERVICES - PRESERVATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57742855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Preservation+News&rft.atitle=Recycled+Paper+Research+at+the+Library+of+Congress&rft.au=France%2C+Fenella+G%3BKullman%2C+Matthew&rft.aulast=France&rft.aufirst=Fenella&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Preservation+News&rft.issn=08904960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Preservation; Recycling; Library of Congress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do vegetables and fruits reduce the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A case-control study in Japan AN - 57310289; 200927265 AB - Objective To investigate the relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a case-control study was conducted in central Japan in 2006. Methods A total of 278 referred patients with COPD diagnosed within the past four years and 340 community-based controls undertook spirometric measurements of respiratory function. A structured questionnaire was administered face-to-face to obtain information on demographics, lifestyle and habitual food consumption. Results The mean vegetable and fruit intakes of cases (155.62 (SD 88.84) and 248.32 (SD 188.17) g/day) were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than controls (199.14 (SD 121.41) and 304.09 (SD 253.72) g/day). A substantial reduction in COPD risk was found by increasing daily total vegetable intake, p for trend = 0.037. The prevalence of breathlessness also decreased with vegetable consumption, the adjusted odds ratio being 0.49 (95% CI 0.27-0.88) for the highest versus lowest quartile of intake. However, the effects of fruit consumption were not significant. Among the nutrients contained in vegetables and fruits, vitamin A was particularly significant (p = 0.008) with an estimated 52% reduction in COPD risk at the highest level of intake. Conclusion The study provided evidence of an inverse association between vegetable consumption and the risk of COPD for Japanese adults. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.] JF - Preventive Medicine AU - Hirayama, Fumi AU - Lee, Andy H AU - Binns, Colin W AU - Zhao, Yun AU - Hiramatsu, Tetsuo AU - Tanikawa, Yoshimasa AU - Nishimura, Koichi AU - Taniguchi, Hiroyuki AD - School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - August 2009 SP - 184 EP - 189 PB - Elsevier Ltd, The Netherlands VL - 49 IS - 2-3 SN - 0091-7435, 0091-7435 KW - Breathlessness Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Fruit Risk Vegetable KW - Vegetables KW - Healthy food KW - Consumption KW - Risk reduction KW - Japan KW - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57310289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Do+vegetables+and+fruits+reduce+the+risk+of+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease%3F+A+case-control+study+in+Japan&rft.au=Hirayama%2C+Fumi%3BLee%2C+Andy+H%3BBinns%2C+Colin+W%3BZhao%2C+Yun%3BHiramatsu%2C+Tetsuo%3BTanikawa%2C+Yoshimasa%3BNishimura%2C+Koichi%3BTaniguchi%2C+Hiroyuki&rft.aulast=Hirayama&rft.aufirst=Fumi&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=00917435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ypmed.2009.06.010 LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-04 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Healthy food; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Consumption; Japan; Vegetables; Risk reduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pragmatic radicalism: An autoethnographic perspective on pre-service teaching AN - 57291400; 200919751 AB - How might a pre-service teacher 'teach against the grain' and challenge their pre-existing assumptions about the profession? By deconstructing and reconstructing my schooling experiences and the social and cultural discourses and practices that have shaped and defined me, I hope to interrupt my conditioning and avoid revisiting my unhappy school experiences upon future students [Miller, A. (2006). The teaching urge: and seeking amnesia. English in Australia, 41(1), 18 -24., p. 18]. I am trying to break the cycle of social reproduction and domination and become the type of teacher who liberates rather than domesticates. In this article I use 'autoethnography' and 'mystoriography' to analyse my professional development and to imagine and enact a teaching identity based on Garth Boomer's 'pragmatic -radical' educator. Pragmatic radicalism provides a strategic means of surviving and undermining hegemonic school systems while revolutionising the politics of the classroom. Pre-service teachers can challenge the socialisation process and build teaching identities that break the traditional 'authoritarian -transmission' model. Critical reflection on identity construction and past school experiences is essential to this endeavour. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.] JF - Teaching and Teacher Education AU - Miller, Andrew AD - Department of English, Creative Writing, and Australian Studies, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia andrew.miller@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - August 2009 SP - 909 EP - 916 PB - Elsevier Ltd, The Netherlands VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0742-051X, 0742-051X KW - Pre-service teacher education Teacher construction and socialisation Pragmatic radicalism Teaching against the grain Critical reflexivity Autoethnography KW - Domination KW - Radicalism KW - Teaching KW - Identity KW - Autoethnography KW - Pragmatics KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57291400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teaching+and+Teacher+Education&rft.atitle=Pragmatic+radicalism%3A+An+autoethnographic+perspective+on+pre-service+teaching&rft.au=Miller%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teaching+and+Teacher+Education&rft.issn=0742051X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.tate.2009.01.012 LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-04 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Teaching; Identity; Pragmatics; Radicalism; Domination; Autoethnography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.01.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-Based Rational Design of a Phosphotriesterase , AN - 21503603; 12510139 AB - In silico substrate docking of both stereoisomers of the pesticide chlorfenvinphos (CVP) in the phosphotriesterase from Agrobacterium radiobacter identified two residues (F131 and W132) that prevent productive substrate binding and cause stereospecificity. A variant (W131H/F132A) was designed that exhibited ca. 480-fold and 8-fold increases in the rate of Z-CVP and E-CVP hydrolysis, respectively, eliminating stereospecificity. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jackson, Colin J AU - Weir, Kahli AU - Herlt, Anthony AU - Khurana, Jeevan AU - Sutherland, Tara D AU - Horne, Irene AU - Easton, Christopher AU - Russell, Robyn J AU - Scott, Colin AU - Oakeshott, John G AD - CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia, colin.scott@csiro.au Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 5153 EP - 5156 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA VL - 75 IS - 15 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chlorfenvinphos KW - Agrobacterium radiobacter KW - Stereospecificity KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21503603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Structure-Based+Rational+Design+of+a+Phosphotriesterase+%2C&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Colin+J%3BWeir%2C+Kahli%3BHerlt%2C+Anthony%3BKhurana%2C+Jeevan%3BSutherland%2C+Tara+D%3BHorne%2C+Irene%3BEaston%2C+Christopher%3BRussell%2C+Robyn+J%3BScott%2C+Colin%3BOakeshott%2C+John+G&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=5153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.00629-09 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stereospecificity; Agrobacterium radiobacter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00629-09 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Costs of Respiratory Illnesses Arising from Florida Gulf Coast Karenia brevis Blooms AN - 21199076; 11577438 AB - BACKGROUND: Algal blooms of Karenia brevis, a harmful marine algae, occur almost annually off the west coast of Florida. At high concentrations, K. brevis blooms can cause harm through the release of potent toxins, known as brevetoxins, to the atmosphere. Epidemiologic studies suggest that aerosolized brevetoxins are linked to respiratory illnesses in humans. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized a relationship between K. brevis blooms and respiratory illness visits to hospital emergency departments (EDs) while controlling for environmental factors, disease, and tourism. We sought to use this relationship to estimate the costs of illness associated with aerosolized brevetoxins. METHODS: We developed a statistical exposure-response model to express hypotheses about the relationship between respiratory illnesses and bloom events. We estimated the model with data on ED visits, K. brevis cell densities, and measures of pollen, pollutants, respiratory disease, and intra-annual population changes. RESULTS: We found that lagged K. brevis cell counts, low air temperatures, influenza outbreaks, high pollen counts, and tourist visits helped explain the number of respiratory-specific ED diagnoses. The capitalized estimated marginal costs of illness for ED respiratory illnesses associated with K. brevis blooms in Sarasota County, Florida, alone ranged from $0.5 to $4 million, depending on bloom severity. CONCLUSIONS: Blooms of K. brevis lead to significant economic impacts. The costs of illness of ED visits are a conservative estimate of the total economic impacts. It will become increasingly necessary to understand the scale of the economic losses associated with K. brevis blooms to make rational choices about appropriate mitigation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hoagland, Porter AU - Jin, Di AU - Polansky, Lara Y AU - Kirkpatrick, Barbara AU - Kirkpatrick, Gary AU - Fleming, Lora E AU - Reich, Andrew AU - Watkins, Sharon M AU - Ullmann, Steven G AU - Backer, Lorraine C Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1239 EP - 1243 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Algal blooms KW - Atmosphere KW - Coastal zone KW - Economics KW - Hospitals KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Tourism KW - Toxins KW - air temperature KW - emergency medical services KW - environmental factors KW - influenza KW - mitigation KW - outbreaks KW - pollen KW - Algae KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - ASW, USA, Gulf Coast KW - USA, Florida, Sarasota Cty. KW - Karenia brevis KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21199076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Costs+of+Respiratory+Illnesses+Arising+from+Florida+Gulf+Coast+Karenia+brevis+Blooms&rft.au=Hoagland%2C+Porter%3BJin%2C+Di%3BPolansky%2C+Lara+Y%3BKirkpatrick%2C+Barbara%3BKirkpatrick%2C+Gary%3BFleming%2C+Lora+E%3BReich%2C+Andrew%3BWatkins%2C+Sharon+M%3BUllmann%2C+Steven+G%3BBacker%2C+Lorraine+C&rft.aulast=Hoagland&rft.aufirst=Porter&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-01-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tourism; Algal blooms; environmental factors; air temperature; Respiratory diseases; outbreaks; Atmosphere; Toxins; influenza; mitigation; Coastal zone; pollen; Economics; emergency medical services; Hospitals; Karenia brevis; Algae; ASW, USA, Florida; ASW, USA, Gulf Coast; USA, Florida, Sarasota Cty. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward a New U.S. Chemicals Policy: Rebuilding the Foundation to Advance New Science, Green Chemistry, and Environmental Health AN - 21199050; 11577433 AB - OBJECTIVE: We describe fundamental weaknesses in U.S. chemicals policy, present principles of chemicals policy reform, and articulate interdisciplinary research questions that should be addressed. With global chemical production projected to double over the next 24 years, federal policies that shape the priorities of the U.S. chemical enterprise will be a cornerstone of sustainability. To date, these policies have largely failed to adequately protect public health or the environment or motivate investment in or scientific exploration of cleaner chemical technologies, known collectively as green chemistry. On this trajectory, the United States will face growing health, environmental, and economic problems related to chemical exposures and pollution. CONCLUSIONS: Existing policies have produced a U.S. chemicals market in which the safety of chemicals for human health and the environment is undervalued relative to chemical function, price, and performance. This market barrier to green chemistry is primarily a consequence of weaknesses in the Toxic Substances Control Act. These weaknesses have produced a chemical data gap, because producers are not required to investigate and disclose sufficient information on chemicals' hazard traits to government, businesses that use chemicals, or the public; a safety gap, because government lacks the legal tools it needs to efficiently identify, prioritize, and take action to mitigate the potential health and environmental effects of hazardous chemicals; and a technology gap, because industry and government have invested only marginally in green chemistry research, development, and education. Policy reforms that close the three gaps-creating transparency and accountability in the market-are crucial for improving public and environmental health and reducing the barriers to green chemistry. The European Union's REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation has opened an opportunity for the United States to take this step; doing so will present the nation with new research questions in science, policy, law, and technology. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wilson, Michael P AU - Schwarzman, Megan R Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1202 EP - 1209 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - policy reform KW - interdisciplinary research KW - Toxic substances KW - science policy KW - Environmental regulations KW - Environmental health KW - accountability KW - Public health KW - transparency KW - USA KW - Education KW - foundations KW - European Union KW - Economics KW - Federal policies KW - sustainability KW - green development KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21199050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Toward+a+New+U.S.+Chemicals+Policy%3A+Rebuilding+the+Foundation+to+Advance+New+Science%2C+Green+Chemistry%2C+and+Environmental+Health&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Michael+P%3BSchwarzman%2C+Megan+R&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; policy reform; interdisciplinary research; Toxic substances; Environmental regulations; science policy; Environmental health; accountability; Public health; transparency; foundations; Education; Federal policies; Economics; sustainability; green development; Technology; USA; European Union ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Novel Two-Step Hierarchical Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling Work Flow for Predicting Acute Toxicity of Chemicals in Rodents AN - 21193689; 11577425 AB - BACKGROUND: Accurate prediction of in vivo toxicity from in vitro testing is a challenging problem. Large public-private consortia have been formed with the goal of improving chemical safety assessment by the means of high-throughput screening. OBJECTIVE: A wealth of available biological data requires new computational approaches to link chemical structure, in vitro data, and potential adverse health effects. METHODS AND RESULTS: A database containing experimental cytotoxicity values for in vitro half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) and in vivo rodent median lethal dose (LD(50)) for more than 300 chemicals was compiled by Zentralstelle zur Erfassung und Bewertung von Ersatz- und Ergaenzungsmethoden zum Tierversuch (ZEBET; National Center for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments). The application of conventional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling approaches to predict mouse or rat acute LD(50) values from chemical descriptors of ZEBET compounds yielded no statistically significant models. The analysis of these data showed no significant correlation between IC(50) and LD(50). However, a linear IC(50) versus LD(50) correlation could be established for a fraction of compounds. To capitalize on this observation, we developed a novel two-step modeling approach as follows. First, all chemicals are partitioned into two groups based on the relationship between IC(50) and LD(50) values: One group comprises compounds with linear IC(50) versus LD(50) relationships, and another group comprises the remaining compounds. Second, we built conventional binary classification QSAR models to predict the group affiliation based on chemical descriptors only. Third, we developed k-nearest neighbor continuous QSAR models for each subclass to predict LD(50) values from chemical descriptors. All models were extensively validated using special protocols. CONCLUSIONS: The novelty of this modeling approach is that it uses the relationships between in vivo and in vitro data only to inform the initial construction of the hierarchical two-step QSAR models. Models resulting from this approach employ chemical descriptors only for external prediction of acute rodent toxicity. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Zhu, Hao AU - Ye, Lin AU - Richard, Ann AU - Golbraikh, Alexander AU - Wright, Fred A AU - Rusyn, Ivan AU - Tropsha, Alexander Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1257 EP - 1264 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21193689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+Novel+Two-Step+Hierarchical+Quantitative+Structure-Activity+Relationship+Modeling+Work+Flow+for+Predicting+Acute+Toxicity+of+Chemicals+in+Rodents&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Hao%3BYe%2C+Lin%3BRichard%2C+Ann%3BGolbraikh%2C+Alexander%3BWright%2C+Fred+A%3BRusyn%2C+Ivan%3BTropsha%2C+Alexander&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Hao&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal Personal Exposure to Airborne Benzene and Intrauterine Growth AN - 21193668; 11577417 AB - BACKGROUND: Studies relying on outdoor pollutants measures have reported associations between air pollutants and birth weight. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the relation between maternal personal exposure to airborne benzene during pregnancy and fetal growth. METHODS: We recruited pregnant women in two French maternity hospitals in 2005-2006 as part of the EDEN mother-child cohort. A subsample of 271 nonsmoking women carried a diffusive air sampler for a week during the 27th gestational week, allowing assessment of benzene exposure. We estimated head circumference of the offspring by ultrasound measurements during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and at birth. RESULTS: Median benzene exposure was 1.8 microg/m(3) (5th, 95th percentiles, 0.5, 7.5 microg/m(3)). Log-transformed benzene exposure was associated with a gestational age-adjusted decrease of 68 g in mean birth weight [95% confidence interval (CI), -135 to -1 g] and of 1.9 mm in mean head circumference at birth (95% CI, -3.8 to 0.0 mm). It was associated with an adjusted decrease of 1.9 mm in head circumference assessed during the third trimester (95% CI, -4.0 to 0.3 mm) and of 1.5 mm in head circumference assessed at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy (95% CI, -3.1 to 0 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study among pregnant women is one of the first to rely on personal monitoring of exposure; a limitation is that exposure was assessed during 1 week only. Maternal benzene exposure was associated with decreases in birth weight and head circumference during pregnancy and at birth. This association could be attributable to benzene and a mixture of associated traffic-related air pollutants. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Slama, Remy AU - Thiebaugeorges, Olivier AU - Goua, Valerie AU - Aussel, Lucette AU - Sacco, Paolo AU - Bohet, Aline AU - Forhan, Anne AU - Ducot, Beatrice AU - Annesi-Maesano, Isabella AU - Heinrich, Joachim AU - Magnin, Guillaume AU - Schweitzer, Michel AU - Kaminski, Monique AU - Charles, Marie-Aline Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1313 EP - 1321 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Growth KW - Air sampling KW - birth weight KW - Benzene KW - Pregnancy KW - offspring KW - Hospitals KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21193668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Maternal+Personal+Exposure+to+Airborne+Benzene+and+Intrauterine+Growth&rft.au=Slama%2C+Remy%3BThiebaugeorges%2C+Olivier%3BGoua%2C+Valerie%3BAussel%2C+Lucette%3BSacco%2C+Paolo%3BBohet%2C+Aline%3BForhan%2C+Anne%3BDucot%2C+Beatrice%3BAnnesi-Maesano%2C+Isabella%3BHeinrich%2C+Joachim%3BMagnin%2C+Guillaume%3BSchweitzer%2C+Michel%3BKaminski%2C+Monique%3BCharles%2C+Marie-Aline&rft.aulast=Slama&rft.aufirst=Remy&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Growth; Air sampling; birth weight; Benzene; Hospitals; offspring; Pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Racial Differences in Paraoxonase-1 (PON1): A Factor in the Health of Southerners? AN - 21192737; 11577435 AB - BACKGROUND: The southern United States (excluding Florida) has the highest age-adjusted rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the country, with African Americans having a higher prevalence of CVD than Caucasians. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an enzyme associated with high-density lipoprotein particles, participates both in the hydrolysis of oxidized lipids (thus protecting against atherosclerosis) and in the hydrolysis of organophosphates. Higher paraoxonase activity has been associated with lower risk of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES: In this study we characterized the distribution of the functional PON1(Q192R) polymorphisms (PON status as assessed by diazoxonase to paraoxonase ratios) and the PON1 activity levels in 200 adult males and females of both races (50 in each race/sex class) from the southern United States from commercially obtained blood bank serum samples. METHODS: We used spectrophotometric methods with serum to determine PON1 status, arylesterase activities (phenyl acetate hydrolysis), and levels of cotinine and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS: African Americans had higher paraoxonase activities but lower diazoxonase activities than did Caucasians, consistent with African Americans having a lower proportion of the functional genotype QQ (QQ 15%, QR 34%, RR 44%, 7% indeterminate), than did Caucasians (QQ 60%, QR 31%, RR 7%, 2% indeterminate). Cotinine levels indicated that all samples came from non-smokers and that CRP levels were higher in African Americans than in Caucasians and higher in females than in males. CRP levels showed no association with paraoxonase activities. CONCLUSIONS: These data present initial observations for use in characterizing the poorer cardiovascular health status of the population in the southern United States and more specifically southern African Americans. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Davis, Kimberly A AU - Crow, J Allen AU - Chambers, Howard W AU - Meek, Edward C AU - Chambers, Janice E Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1226 EP - 1231 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21192737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Racial+Differences+in+Paraoxonase-1+%28PON1%29%3A+A+Factor+in+the+Health+of+Southerners%3F&rft.au=Davis%2C+Kimberly+A%3BCrow%2C+J+Allen%3BChambers%2C+Howard+W%3BMeek%2C+Edward+C%3BChambers%2C+Janice+E&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethical Issues in Measuring Biomarkers in Children's Environmental Health AN - 21191955; 11577450 AB - BACKGROUND: Studying the impact of environmental exposures is important in children because they are more vulnerable to adverse effects on growth, development, and health. Assessing exposure in children is difficult, and measuring biomarkers is potentially useful. Research measuring biomarkers in children raises a number of ethical issues, some of which relate to children as research subjects and some of which are specific to biomarker research. OBJECTIVE: As an international group with experience in pediatric research, biomarkers, and the ethics of research in children, we highlight the ethical issues of undertaking biomarker research in children in these environments. DISCUSSION: Significant issues include undertaking research in vulnerable communities, especially in developing countries; managing community expectations; obtaining appropriate consent to conduct the research; the potential conflicts of obtaining permission from an ethics review board in an economically developed country to perform research in a community that may have different cultural values; returning research results to participants and communities when the researchers are uncertain of how to interpret the results; and the conflicting ethical obligations of maintaining participant confidentiality when information about harm or illegal activities mandate reporting to authorities. CONCLUSION: None of these challenges are insurmountable and all deserve discussion. Pediatric biomarker research is necessary for advancing child health. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sly, Peter D AU - Eskenazi, Brenda AU - Pronczuk, Jenny AU - Sram, Radim AU - Diaz-Barriga, Fernando AU - Machin, Diego Gonzalez AU - Carpenter, David O AU - Surdu, Simona AU - Meslin, Eric M Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1185 EP - 1190 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21191955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Ethical+Issues+in+Measuring+Biomarkers+in+Children%27s+Environmental+Health&rft.au=Sly%2C+Peter+D%3BEskenazi%2C+Brenda%3BPronczuk%2C+Jenny%3BSram%2C+Radim%3BDiaz-Barriga%2C+Fernando%3BMachin%2C+Diego+Gonzalez%3BCarpenter%2C+David+O%3BSurdu%2C+Simona%3BMeslin%2C+Eric+M&rft.aulast=Sly&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air Pollution Exposures and Circulating Biomarkers of Effect in a Susceptible Population: Clues to Potential Causal Component Mixtures and Mechanisms AN - 21178214; 11577437 AB - BACKGROUND: Mechanisms involving oxidative stress and inflammation have been proposed to explain associations of ambient air pollution with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Experimental evidence suggests that organic components and ultrafine particles (UFP) are important. METHODS: We conducted a panel study of 60 elderly subjects with coronary artery disease living in retirement communities within the Los Angeles, California, air basin. Weekly biomarkers of inflammation included plasma interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor II (sTNF-RII), soluble platelet selectin (sP-selectin), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Biomarkers of erythrocyte antioxidant activity included glutathione peroxidase-1 and superoxide dismutase. Exposures included outdoor home daily particle mass [particulate matter 0.25, 0.25-2.5, and 2.5-10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(0.25), PM(0.25-2.5), PM(2.5-10))], and hourly elemental and black carbon (EC-BC), estimated primary and secondary organic carbon (OC(pri), SOC), particle number (PN), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides-nitrogen dioxide (NO(x)-NO(2)). We analyzed the relation of biomarkers to exposures with mixed effects models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Primary combustion markers (EC-BC, OC(pri), CO, NO(x)-NO(2)), but not SOC, were positively associated with inflammatory biomarkers and inversely associated with erythrocyte anti-oxidant enzymes (n = 578). PN and PM(0.25) were more strongly associated with biomarkers than PM(0.25-2.5). Associations for all exposures were stronger during cooler periods when only OC(pri), PN, and NO(x) were higher. We found weaker associations with statin (sTNF-RII, CRP) and clopidogrel use (sP-selectin). CONCLUSIONS: Traffic-related air pollutants are associated with increased systemic inflammation, increased platelet activation, and decreased erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity, which may be partly behind air pollutant-related increases in systemic inflammation. Differences in association by particle size, OC fraction, and seasonal period suggest components carried by UFP are important. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Delfino, Ralph J AU - Staimer, Norbert AU - Tjoa, Thomas AU - Gillen, Daniel L AU - Polidori, Andrea AU - Arhami, Mohammad AU - Kleinman, Micheal T AU - Vaziri, Nosratola D AU - Longhurst, John AU - Sioutas, Constantinos Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1232 EP - 1238 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - USA, California, Los Angeles KW - Mortality KW - Antioxidants KW - Erythrocytes KW - Organic carbon KW - Basins KW - statins KW - Pollution effects KW - Enzymes KW - tumors KW - Particulates KW - oxidative stress KW - Morbidity KW - Combustion KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Air pollution KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - elderly KW - Nitrogen KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21178214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Air+Pollution+Exposures+and+Circulating+Biomarkers+of+Effect+in+a+Susceptible+Population%3A+Clues+to+Potential+Causal+Component+Mixtures+and+Mechanisms&rft.au=Delfino%2C+Ralph+J%3BStaimer%2C+Norbert%3BTjoa%2C+Thomas%3BGillen%2C+Daniel+L%3BPolidori%2C+Andrea%3BArhami%2C+Mohammad%3BKleinman%2C+Micheal+T%3BVaziri%2C+Nosratola+D%3BLonghurst%2C+John%3BSioutas%2C+Constantinos&rft.aulast=Delfino&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; Mortality; Antioxidants; Organic carbon; Erythrocytes; Enzymes; Pollution effects; statins; Basins; tumors; Particulates; Morbidity; oxidative stress; Combustion; Air pollution; Carbon monoxide; Sulfur dioxide; elderly; Nitrogen; USA, California, Los Angeles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic Dietary Exposure to a Low-Dose Mixture of Genistein and Vinclozolin Modifies the Reproductive Axis, Testis Transcriptome, and Fertility AN - 21170635; 11577426 AB - BACKGROUND: The reproductive consequences and mechanisms of action of chronic exposure to low-dose endocrine disruptors are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effects of a continuous, low-dose exposure to a phytoestrogen (genistein) and/or an antiandrogenic food contaminant (vinclozolin) on the male reproductive tract and fertility. METHODS: Male rats were exposed by gavage to genistein and vinclozolin from conception to adulthood, alone or in combination, at low doses (1 mg/kg/day) or higher doses (10 and 30 mg/kg/day). We studied a number of standard reproductive toxicology end points and also assessed testicular mRNA expression profiles using long-oligonucleotide microarrays. RESULTS: The low-dose mixture and high-dose vinclozolin produced the most significant alterations in adults: decreased sperm counts, reduced sperm motion parameters, decreased litter sizes, and increased post implantation loss. Testicular mRNA expression profiles for these exposure conditions were strongly correlated. Functional clustering indicated that many of the genes induced belong to the "neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions" family encompassing several hormonally related actors (e.g., follicle-stimulating hormone and its receptor). All exposure conditions decreased the levels of mRNAs involved in ribosome function, indicating probable decreased protein production. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that chronic exposure to a mixture of a dose of a phytoestrogen equivalent to that in the human diet and a low dose-albeit not environmental-of a common anti-androgenic food contaminant may seriously affect the male reproductive tract and fertility. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Eustache, Florence AU - Mondon, Francoise AU - Canivenc-Lavier, Marie Chantal AU - Lesaffre, Corinne AU - Fulla, Yvonne AU - Berges, Raymond AU - Cravedi, Jean Pierre AU - Vaiman, Daniel AU - Auger, Jacques Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1272 EP - 1279 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24320:Food Additives & Contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21170635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chronic+Dietary+Exposure+to+a+Low-Dose+Mixture+of+Genistein+and+Vinclozolin+Modifies+the+Reproductive+Axis%2C+Testis+Transcriptome%2C+and+Fertility&rft.au=Eustache%2C+Florence%3BMondon%2C+Francoise%3BCanivenc-Lavier%2C+Marie+Chantal%3BLesaffre%2C+Corinne%3BFulla%2C+Yvonne%3BBerges%2C+Raymond%3BCravedi%2C+Jean+Pierre%3BVaiman%2C+Daniel%3BAuger%2C+Jacques&rft.aulast=Eustache&rft.aufirst=Florence&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic Residential Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Systemic Inflammatory Markers AN - 21169672; 11577430 AB - BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to urban air pollution may accelerate atherogenesis, but mechanisms are still unclear. The induction of a low-grade systemic inflammatory state is a plausible mechanistic pathway. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the association of residential long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and high traffic with systemic inflammatory markers. METHODS: We used baseline data from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study of 4,814 participants that started in 2000. Fine PM [aerodynamic diameter or= 2.5 microm (PM(2.5))] exposure based on a small-scale dispersion and chemistry transport model was assigned to each home address. We calculated distances between residences and major roads. Long-term exposure to air pollution (annual PM(2.5) and distance to high traffic) and concentration of inflammatory markers [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen] on the day of the baseline visit were analyzed with sex-stratified multiple linear regression, controlling for individual-level risk factors. RESULTS: In the adjusted analysis, a cross-sectional exposure difference of 3.91 microg/m(3) in PM(2.5) (interdecile range) was associated with increases in hs-CRP of 23.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.1 to 47.4%] and fibrinogen of 3.9% (95% CI, 0.3 to 7.7%) in men, whereas we found no association in women. Chronic traffic exposure was not associated with inflammatory markers. Short-term exposures to air pollutants and temperature did not influence the results markedly. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that long-term residential exposure to high levels of PM(2.5) is associated with systemic inflammatory markers in men. This might provide a link between air pollution and coronary atherosclerosis. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hoffmann, Barbara AU - Moebus, Susanne AU - Dragano, Nico AU - Stang, Andreas AU - Moehlenkamp, Stefan AU - Schmermund, Axel AU - Memmesheimer, Michael AU - Broecker-Preuss, Martina AU - Mann, Klaus AU - Erbel, Raimund AU - Joeckel, Karl-Heinz Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1302 EP - 1308 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Air pollution KW - traffic KW - Aerodynamics KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Residential areas KW - Temperature KW - Pollution effects KW - Proteins KW - Particulates KW - Urban areas KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21169672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chronic+Residential+Exposure+to+Particulate+Matter+Air+Pollution+and+Systemic+Inflammatory+Markers&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+Barbara%3BMoebus%2C+Susanne%3BDragano%2C+Nico%3BStang%2C+Andreas%3BMoehlenkamp%2C+Stefan%3BSchmermund%2C+Axel%3BMemmesheimer%2C+Michael%3BBroecker-Preuss%2C+Martina%3BMann%2C+Klaus%3BErbel%2C+Raimund%3BJoeckel%2C+Karl-Heinz&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Bioindicators; traffic; Aerodynamics; Pollution dispersion; Temperature; Residential areas; Proteins; Pollution effects; Particulates; Urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population Toxicokinetic Modeling of Cadmium for Health Risk Assessment AN - 21165633; 11577429 AB - BACKGROUND: Cadmium is a widespread environmental pollutant that has been shown to exert toxic effects on kidney and bones in humans after long-term exposure. Urinary cadmium concentration is considered a good biomarker of accumulated cadmium in kidney, and diet is the main source of cadmium among nonsmokers. OBJECTIVE: Modeling the link between urinary cadmium and dietary cadmium intake is a key step in the risk assessment of long-term cadmium exposure. There is, however, little knowledge on how this link may vary, especially for susceptible population strata. METHODS: We used a large population-based study (the Swedish Mammography Cohort), with repeated dietary intake data covering a period of 20 years, to compare estimated dietary cadmium intake with urinary cadmium concentrations on an individual basis. A modified version of the Nordberg-Kjellstroem model and a one-compartment model were evaluated in terms of their predictions of urinary cadmium. We integrated the models and quantified the between-person variability of cadmium half-life in the population. Finally, sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to illustrate how the latter model could serve as a robust tool supporting the risk assessment of cadmium in humans. RESULTS: The one-compartment population model appeared to be an adequate modeling option to link cadmium intake to urinary cadmium and to describe the population variability. We estimated the cadmium half-life to be about 11.6 years, with about 25% population variability. CONCLUSIONS: Population toxicokinetic models can be robust and useful tools for risk assessment of chemicals, because they allow quantification and integration of population variability in toxicokinetics. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Amzal, Billy AU - Julin, Bettina AU - Vahter, Marie AU - Wolk, Alicja AU - Johanson, Gunnar AU - Akesson, Agneta Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1293 EP - 1301 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21165633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Population+Toxicokinetic+Modeling+of+Cadmium+for+Health+Risk+Assessment&rft.au=Amzal%2C+Billy%3BJulin%2C+Bettina%3BVahter%2C+Marie%3BWolk%2C+Alicja%3BJohanson%2C+Gunnar%3BAkesson%2C+Agneta&rft.aulast=Amzal&rft.aufirst=Billy&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Personal Perspective on the Initial Federal Health-Based Regulation to Remove Lead from Gasoline AN - 21140330; 11577432 AB - OBJECTIVE: This article describes the personal experience and perspective of the authors, who had primary responsibility for drafting the initial health-based regulation limiting lead content of gasoline during the early 1970s while employed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). DATA SOURCE: Information used by the U.S. EPA in developing the initial health-based regulation limiting lead content of gasoline in December 1973 and studies documenting the impact of that and subsequent actions. DATA EXTRACTION: Among the lessons learned from this experience is the importance of having input from independent scientists to the regulatory decision-making process. This also demonstrates the critical role of independent peer-reviewed research, such as that supported by the National Institutes of Health, as well as research conducted by scientists from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in delineating the consequences of lead exposure in the population. DATA SYNTHESIS: Removal of lead from gasoline in the United States has been described as one of the great public health achievements of the 20th century, but it almost did not happen. The experience of the authors in developing this regulation may be helpful to others involved in developing health-based regulatory policy in the future. CONCLUSION: The initial U.S. EPA health-based regulation to remove lead from gasoline is clearly an example where science successfully affected public policy. The leadership of the U.S. EPA at that time deserves much credit for establishing an atmosphere in which this was possible. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bridbord, Kenneth AU - Hanson, David Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1195 EP - 1201 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21140330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+Personal+Perspective+on+the+Initial+Federal+Health-Based+Regulation+to+Remove+Lead+from+Gasoline&rft.au=Bridbord%2C+Kenneth%3BHanson%2C+David&rft.aulast=Bridbord&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autonomic Effects of Controlled Fine Particulate Exposure in Young Healthy Adults: Effect Modification by Ozone AN - 21140319; 11577428 AB - BACKGROUND: Human controlled-exposure studies have assessed the impact of ambient fine particulate matter on cardiac autonomic function measured by heart rate variability (HRV), but whether these effects are modified by concomitant ozone exposure remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: In this study we assessed the impact of O(3) and particulate matter exposure on HRV in humans. METHODS: In a crossover design, 50 subjects (19-48 years of age) were randomized to 2-hr controlled exposures to filtered air (FA), concentrated ambient particles (CAPs), O(3), or combined CAPs and ozone (CAPs + O(3)). The primary end point was change in HRV between the start and end of exposure. Secondary analyses included blood pressure (BP) responses, and effect modification by asthmatic status. RESULTS: Achieved mean CAPs and O(3) exposure concentrations were 121.6 +/- 48.0 microg/m(3) and 113.9 +/- 6.6 ppb, respectively. In a categorical analysis, exposure had no consistent effect on HRV indices. However, the dose-response relationship between CAPs mass concentration and HRV indices seemed to vary depending on the presence of O(3). This heterogeneity was statistically significant for the low-frequency component of HRV (p = 0.02) and approached significance for the high-frequency component and time-domain measures of HRV. Exposure to CAPs + O(3) increased diastolic BP by 2.0 mmHg (SE, 1.2; p = 0.02). No other statistically significant changes in BP were observed. Asthmatic status did not modify these effects. CONCLUSION: The potentiation by O(3) of CAPs effects on diastolic BP and possibly HRV is of small magnitude in young adults. Further studies are needed to assess potential effects in more vulnerable populations. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fakhri, Asghar A AU - Ilic, Ljubomir M AU - Wellenius, Gregory A AU - Urch, Bruce AU - Silverman, Frances AU - Gold, Diane R AU - Mittleman, Murray A Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1287 EP - 1292 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21140319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Autonomic+Effects+of+Controlled+Fine+Particulate+Exposure+in+Young+Healthy+Adults%3A+Effect+Modification+by+Ozone&rft.au=Fakhri%2C+Asghar+A%3BIlic%2C+Ljubomir+M%3BWellenius%2C+Gregory+A%3BUrch%2C+Bruce%3BSilverman%2C+Frances%3BGold%2C+Diane+R%3BMittleman%2C+Murray+A&rft.aulast=Fakhri&rft.aufirst=Asghar&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum Concentrations of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants in a Sample of Pregnant Females and Changes in Their Concentrations during Gestation AN - 21076297; 10989567 AB - Objectives In this study we evaluated the concentrations of selected persistent organic pollutants in a sample of first-time pregnant females residing in the United States and assessed differences in these concentrations in all pregnant females during gestation. Methods We reviewed demographic and laboratory data for pregnant females participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including concentrations of 25 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 6 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 9 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and 9 organochlorine pesticides. We report serum concentrations for first-time pregnant females (2001a2002; n = 49) and evaluate these concentrations in all pregnant females by trimester (1999a2002; n = 203) using a cross-sectional analysis. Results The chemicals with aY 60% detection included PCBs (congeners 126, 138/158, 153, 180), PCDDs/PCDFs [1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1234678HpCDD), 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (123678HxCDD), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran (1234678HpCDF), 1,1a2-(2,2-dichloroethenylidene)-bis(4-chlorobenzene) (p,pa2-DDE)], and trans-nonachlor. The geometric mean concentration (95% confidence intervals) for 1234678HpCDD was 15.9 pg/g lipid (5.0a50.6 pg/g); for 123678HxCDD, 9.7 pg/g (5.5a17.1 pg/g); and for 1234678HpCDF, 5.4 pg/g (3.3a8.7 pg/g). The differences in concentrations of these chemicals by trimester were better accounted for with the use of lipid-adjusted units than with whole-weight units; however, the increase in the third-trimester concentration was greater for PCDDs/PCDFs (123678HxCDD, 1234678HpCDF) than for the highest concentration of indicator PCBs (138/158, 153, 180), even after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion The concentrations of these persistent organic pollutants in a sample of first-time pregnant females living in the United States suggest a decline in exposures to these chemicals since their ban or restricted use and emission. The redistribution of body burden for these and other persistent organic pollutants during pregnancy needs to be more carefully defined to improve the assessment of fetal exposure to them based on maternal serum concentrations. Additional studies are needed to further the understanding of the potential health consequences to the fetus from persistent organic pollutants. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wang, Richard Y AU - Jain, Ram B AU - Wolkin, Amy F AU - Rubin, Carol H AU - Needham, Larry L AD - National Center for Environmental Health and Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1244 EP - 1249 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - dioxin KW - females KW - organochlorine pesticides KW - PCB KW - persistent organic pollutants KW - pregnant KW - serum concentrations KW - demography KW - Chemicals KW - Organochlorine pesticides KW - Lipids KW - Nutrition KW - Pregnancy KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - Emissions KW - PCDF KW - body burden KW - Females KW - PCB compounds KW - PCDD KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21076297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Serum+Concentrations+of+Selected+Persistent+Organic+Pollutants+in+a+Sample+of+Pregnant+Females+and+Changes+in+Their+Concentrations+during+Gestation&rft.au=Wang%2C+Richard+Y%3BJain%2C+Ram+B%3BWolkin%2C+Amy+F%3BRubin%2C+Carol+H%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800105 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; demography; Organochlorine pesticides; persistent organic pollutants; Lipids; Nutrition; Pregnancy; Reviews; PCDF; Emissions; body burden; Females; PCB compounds; PCDD; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800105 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of an Integrated Pest Management Intervention in Controlling Cockroaches, Mice, and Allergens in New York City Public Housing AN - 21076292; 10989563 AB - Background Cockroaches and mice, which are common in urban homes, are sources of allergens capable of triggering asthma symptoms. Traditional pest control involves the use of scheduled applications of pesticides by professionals as well as pesticide use by residents. In contrast, integrated pest management (IPM) involves sanitation, building maintenance, and limited use of least toxic pesticides. Objectives We implemented and evaluated IPM compared with traditional practice for its impact on pests, allergens, pesticide use, and resident satisfaction in a large urban public housing authority. Methods We assigned IPM or control status to 13 buildings in five housing developments, and evaluated conditions at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months in 280 apartments in Brooklyn and Manhattan, in New York City (New York). We measured cockroach and mouse populations, collected cockroach and mouse urinary protein allergens in dust, and interviewed residents. All statistical models controlled for baseline levels of pests or allergens. Results Compared with controls, apartments receiving IPM had significantly lower counts of cockroaches at 3 months and greater success in reducing or sustaining low counts of cockroaches at both 3 and 6 months. IPM was associated with lower cockroach allergen levels in kitchens at 3 months and in beds and kitchens at 6 months. Pesticide use was reduced in IPM relative to control apartments. Residents of IPM apartments also rated building services more positively. Conclusions In contrast to previous IPM studies, which involved extensive cleaning, repeat visits, and often extensive resident education, we found that an easily replicable single IPM visit was more effective than the regular application of pesticides alone in managing pests and their consequences. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kass, Daniel AU - McKelvey, Wendy AU - Carlton, Elizabeth AU - Hernandez, Marta AU - Chew, Ginger AU - Nagle, Sean AU - Garfinkel, Robin AU - Clarke, Brian AU - Tiven, Julius AU - Espino, Christian AU - Evans, David AD - New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1219 EP - 1225 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - allergen KW - asthma KW - cockroach KW - integrated pest management KW - mouse KW - New York City KW - pesticide KW - public housing KW - Mathematical models KW - Housing KW - Asthma KW - Mice KW - Pest control KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Buildings KW - Maintenance KW - Dust KW - USA, New York, New York City KW - Education KW - pests KW - Sanitation KW - Urine KW - Allergens KW - intervention KW - USA, New York, Manhattan KW - Pesticides KW - housing developments KW - Urban areas KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 04:Environmental Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21076292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+an+Integrated+Pest+Management+Intervention+in+Controlling+Cockroaches%2C+Mice%2C+and+Allergens+in+New+York+City+Public+Housing&rft.au=Kass%2C+Daniel%3BMcKelvey%2C+Wendy%3BCarlton%2C+Elizabeth%3BHernandez%2C+Marta%3BChew%2C+Ginger%3BNagle%2C+Sean%3BGarfinkel%2C+Robin%3BClarke%2C+Brian%3BTiven%2C+Julius%3BEspino%2C+Christian%3BEvans%2C+David&rft.aulast=Kass&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800149 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Housing; Asthma; Pest control; Mice; Respiratory diseases; Buildings; Dust; Maintenance; pests; Education; Sanitation; Urine; intervention; Allergens; Pesticides; housing developments; Urban areas; integrated pest management; USA, New York, New York City; USA, New York, Manhattan DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800149 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative and functional genomics of lipases in holometabolous insects AN - 21075800; 10251605 AB - Lipases have key roles in insect lipid acquisition, storage and mobilisation and are also fundamental to many physiological processes underpinning insect reproduction, development, defence from pathogens and oxidative stress, and pheromone signalling. We have screened the recently sequenced genomes of five species from four orders of holometabolous insects, the dipterans Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae, the hymenopteran Apis mellifera, the moth Bombyx mori and the beetle Tribolium castaneum, for the six major lipase families that are also found in other organisms. The two most numerous families in the insects, the neutral and acid lipases, are also the main families in mammals, albeit not in Caenorhabditis elegans, plants or microbes. Total numbers of the lipases vary two-fold across the five insect species, from numbers similar to those in mammals up to numbers comparable to those seen in C. elegans. Whilst there is a high degree of orthology with mammalian lipases in the other four families, the great majority of the insect neutral and acid lipases have arisen since the insect orders themselves diverged. Intriguingly, about 10% of the insect neutral and acid lipases have lost motifs critical for catalytic function. Examination of the length of lid and loop regions of the neutral lipase sequences suggest that most of the insect lipases lack triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis activity, although the acid lipases all have intact cap domains required for TAG hydrolysis. We have also reviewed the sequence databases and scientific literature for insights into the expression profiles and functions of the insect neutral and acid lipases and the orthologues of the mammalian adipose triglyceride lipase which has a pivotal role in lipid mobilisation. These data suggest that some of the acid and neutral lipase diversity may be due to a requirement for rapid accumulation of dietary lipids. The different roles required of lipases at the four discrete life stages of holometabolous insects may also contribute to the diversity of lipases required by insects. In addition, insects use lipases to perform roles for which there are no correlates in mammals, including as yolk and male accessory gland proteins. JF - Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology AU - Horne, I AU - Haritos, V S AU - Oakeshott, JG AD - GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, victoria.haritos@csiro.au Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 547 EP - 567 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 39 IS - 8 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - Genetics Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Lipids KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Apis mellifera KW - Development KW - Accessory gland KW - Yolk KW - Tribolium castaneum KW - Molecular biology KW - Pheromones KW - Oxidative stress KW - Triglycerides KW - Glands KW - Caenorhabditis elegans KW - genomics KW - Aquatic insects KW - Bombyx mori KW - Data processing KW - Developmental stages KW - Pathogens KW - Hydrolysis KW - Anopheles gambiae KW - orthology KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Databases KW - Reviews KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - Species diversity KW - DNA KW - Reproduction KW - Signal transduction KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Z 05360:Genetics and Evolution KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21075800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Comparative+and+functional+genomics+of+lipases+in+holometabolous+insects&rft.au=Horne%2C+I%3BHaritos%2C+V+S%3BOakeshott%2C+JG&rft.aulast=Horne&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ibmb.2009.06.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Molecular biology; Glands; Nucleotide sequence; Species diversity; DNA; Pathogens; Hydrolysis; Aquatic insects; Data processing; Lipids; Developmental stages; Development; Accessory gland; orthology; Yolk; Databases; Triacylglycerol lipase; Pheromones; Oxidative stress; Triglycerides; Reviews; Reproduction; genomics; Signal transduction; Tribolium castaneum; Drosophila melanogaster; Caenorhabditis elegans; Apis mellifera; Bombyx mori; Anopheles gambiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.06.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RESEARCH ISSUES AND NITIATIVES: Agreement Could Speed Reductions in Animal Use AN - 21074992; 10989586 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hood, Ernie Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - A347 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Animals KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21074992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=RESEARCH+ISSUES+AND+NITIATIVES%3A+Agreement+Could+Speed+Reductions+in+Animal+Use&rft.au=Hood%2C+Ernie&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=Ernie&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=A347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Animals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking Environmental Particulate Matter with Genetic Alterations AN - 21074981; 10989579 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cetta, Francesco AU - Dhamo, Armand AU - Malagnino, Giuliana AU - Galeazzi, Mauro Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - A340 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution effects KW - Particulates KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21074981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Linking+Environmental+Particulate+Matter+with+Genetic+Alterations&rft.au=Cetta%2C+Francesco%3BDhamo%2C+Armand%3BMalagnino%2C+Giuliana%3BGaleazzi%2C+Mauro&rft.aulast=Cetta&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=A340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900830 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution effects; Particulates; Chromosome aberrations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900830 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Reconsideration of Acute Beryllium Disease AN - 21074967; 10989568 AB - Context Although chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is clearly an immune-mediated granulomatous reaction to beryllium, acute beryllium disease (ABD) is commonly considered an irritative chemical phenomenon related to high exposures. Given reported new cases of ABD and projected increased demand for beryllium, we aimed to reevaluate the patho physiologic associations between ABD and CBD using two cases identified from a survey of beryllium production facility workers. Case Presentation Within weeks after exposure to beryllium fluoride began, two workers had systemic illness characterized by dermal and respiratory symptoms and precipitous declines in pulmonary function. Symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities improved with cessation of exposure and, in one worker, recurred with repeat exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analyses and blood beryllium lymphocyte proliferation tests revealed lymphocytic alveolitis and cellular immune recognition of beryllium. None of the measured air samples exceeded 100 I14g/m super(3), and most were & 10 I14g/m super(3), lower than usually described. In both cases, lung biopsy about 18 months after acute illness revealed noncaseating granulomas. Years after first exposure, the workers left employment because of CBD. Discussion Contrary to common understanding, these cases suggest that ABD and CBD represent a continuum of disease, and both involve hypersensitivity reactions to beryllium. Differences in disease presentation and progression are likely influenced by the solubility of the beryllium compound involved. Relevance to Practice ABD may occur after exposures lower than the high concentrations commonly described. Prudence dictates limitation of further beryllium exposure in both ABD and CBD. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cummings, Kristin J AU - Stefaniak, Aleksandr B AU - Virji, MAbbas AU - Kreiss, Kathleen Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1250 EP - 1256 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts KW - acute KW - beryllium KW - beryllium disease KW - granuloma KW - hypersensitivity KW - immune sensitization KW - pneumonitis KW - Biopsy KW - Lymphocytes KW - Workers KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Bronchus KW - Fluoride KW - Air sampling KW - Respiratory function KW - Beryllium compounds KW - Occupational exposure KW - Berylliosis KW - Skin KW - Solubility KW - Granuloma KW - Alveoli KW - Blood KW - Lung KW - Beryllium KW - Alveolitis KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21074967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+Reconsideration+of+Acute+Beryllium+Disease&rft.au=Cummings%2C+Kristin+J%3BStefaniak%2C+Aleksandr+B%3BVirji%2C+MAbbas%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800455 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Berylliosis; Solubility; Skin; Biopsy; Lymphocytes; Granuloma; Alveoli; Workers; Blood; Hypersensitivity; Bronchus; Lung; Fluoride; Beryllium; Occupational exposure; Alveolitis; hypersensitivity; Air sampling; Respiratory function; Beryllium compounds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800455 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DOUBLE PROTECTION: Reaching Accord on the Ethical Conduct of Child Observational Research AN - 21074748; 10989588 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Barrett, Julia R Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - A354 EP - A357 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Ethics KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21074748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=DOUBLE+PROTECTION%3A+Reaching+Accord+on+the+Ethical+Conduct+of+Child+Observational+Research&rft.au=Barrett%2C+Julia+R&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=A354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ethics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between GIS-Based Exposure to Urban Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Birth Weight in the INMA Sabadell Cohort AN - 21074724; 10989578 AB - Background There is growing evidence that traffic-related air pollution reduces birth weight. Improving exposure assessment is a key issue to advance in this research area. Objective We investigated the effect of prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution via geographic information system (GIS) models on birth weight in 570 newborns from the INMA (Environment and Childhood) Sabadell cohort. Methods We estimated pregnancy and trimester-specific exposures to nitrogen dioxide and aromatic hydrocarbons [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX)] by using temporally adjusted land-use regression (LUR) models. We built models for NO sub(2) and BTEX using four and three 1-week measurement campaigns, respectively, at 57 locations. We assessed the relationship between prenatal air pollution exposure and birth weight with linear regression models. We performed sensitivity analyses considering time spent at home and time spent in nonresidential outdoor environments during pregnancy. Results In the overall cohort, neither NO sub(2) nor BTEX exposure was significantly associated with birth weight in any of the exposure periods. When considering only women who spent & 2 hr/day in nonresidential outdoor environments, the estimated reductions in birth weight associated with an interquartile range increase in BTEX exposure levels were 77 g [95% confidence interval (CI), 7a146 g] and 102 g (95% CI, 28a176 g) for exposures during the whole pregnancy and the second trimester, respectively. The effects of NO sub(2) exposure were less clear in this subset. Conclusions The association of BTEX with reduced birth weight underscores the negative role of vehicle exhaust pollutants in reproductive health. Timeaactivity patterns during pregnancy complement GIS-based models in exposure assessment. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Aguilera, Inmaculada AU - Guxens, MAnica AU - Garcia-Esteban, Raquel AU - Corbella, Teresa AU - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J AU - Foradada, Carles M AU - Sunyer, Jordi AD - Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1322 EP - 1327 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - birth weight KW - cohort study KW - exposure assessment KW - geographic information system KW - INMA study KW - nitrogen dioxide KW - pregnancy KW - Birth weight KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Prenatal experience KW - Urban air KW - Toluene KW - Remote sensing KW - Statistical analysis KW - Pollution effects KW - Benzene KW - Models KW - Nitrogen dioxide KW - Pollutants KW - sensitivity analysis KW - Atmospheric pollution and health KW - Geographic Information Systems (GIS) KW - Regression analysis KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Exhaust emissions KW - Urban areas KW - Regression models KW - Atmospheric pollution effects KW - Children KW - Land use KW - Exhausts KW - Pregnancy KW - Air pollution KW - prenatal experience KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Urban atmospheric pollution KW - Ethylbenzene KW - Neonates KW - Geographic information systems KW - p-Xylene KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21074724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Association+between+GIS-Based+Exposure+to+Urban+Air+Pollution+during+Pregnancy+and+Birth+Weight+in+the+INMA+Sabadell+Cohort&rft.au=Aguilera%2C+Inmaculada%3BGuxens%2C+MAnica%3BGarcia-Esteban%2C+Raquel%3BCorbella%2C+Teresa%3BNieuwenhuijsen%2C+Mark+J%3BForadada%2C+Carles+M%3BSunyer%2C+Jordi&rft.aulast=Aguilera&rft.aufirst=Inmaculada&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800256 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Birth weight; Prenatal experience; Toluene; Children; Benzene; Pregnancy; Models; Exhausts; Nitrogen dioxide; Air pollution; Pollutants; Regression analysis; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Geographic information systems; Neonates; Ethylbenzene; p-Xylene; Atmospheric pollution models; Sensitivity analysis; Urban air; Atmospheric pollution and health; Regression models; Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Statistical analysis; Atmospheric pollution effects; Urban atmospheric pollution; Land use; Remote sensing; Pollution effects; prenatal experience; sensitivity analysis; birth weight; aromatic hydrocarbons; Urban areas; Exhaust emissions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800256 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PESTICIDES: Toward DDT-Free Malaria Control AN - 21074707; 10989582 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Burton, Adrian Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - A344 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Human diseases KW - malaria KW - Pesticides KW - Disease control KW - Malaria KW - Public health KW - K 03340:Effects of Physical & Chemical Factors KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21074707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=PESTICIDES%3A+Toward+DDT-Free+Malaria+Control&rft.au=Burton%2C+Adrian&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=A344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Pesticides; Disease control; Malaria; Public health; malaria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Beat AN - 21074555; 10989585 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Dooley, Erin E Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - A346 EP - A347 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21074555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Beat&rft.au=Dooley%2C+Erin+E&rft.aulast=Dooley&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=A346&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marine and Coastal Science: Ocean Currents Key to Methylmercury in North Pacific AN - 21074530; 10989583 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Potera, Carol Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - A345 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Methylmercury KW - Methyl mercury KW - Water quality KW - ocean currents KW - Nearshore dynamics KW - Ocean currents KW - Coastal currents KW - Coastal zone KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Oceans KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q2 09170:Nearshore dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21074530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Science%3A+Ocean+Currents+Key+to+Methylmercury+in+North+Pacific&rft.au=Potera%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Potera&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=A345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-09-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ocean currents; Methyl mercury; Coastal currents; Coastal zone; Water quality; Nearshore dynamics; Methylmercury; ocean currents; Oceans; IN, North Pacific; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Particulate Matter and Genetic Alterations: Tarantini et al. Respond AN - 21074522; 10989580 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tarantini, Letizia AU - Bonzini, Matteo AU - Pegoraro, Valeria AU - Bollati, Valentina AU - Marinelli, Barbara AU - Cantone, Laura AU - Rizzo, Giovanna AU - Bertazzi, Pier Alberto AU - Baccarelli, Andrea AU - Apostoli, Pietro AU - Hou, Lifang AU - Schwartz, Joel Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - A340 EP - A341 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21074522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Particulate+Matter+and+Genetic+Alterations%3A+Tarantini+et+al.+Respond&rft.au=Tarantini%2C+Letizia%3BBonzini%2C+Matteo%3BPegoraro%2C+Valeria%3BBollati%2C+Valentina%3BMarinelli%2C+Barbara%3BCantone%2C+Laura%3BRizzo%2C+Giovanna%3BBertazzi%2C+Pier+Alberto%3BBaccarelli%2C+Andrea%3BApostoli%2C+Pietro%3BHou%2C+Lifang%3BSchwartz%2C+Joel&rft.aulast=Tarantini&rft.aufirst=Letizia&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=A340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900830R LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900830R ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Multi-Individual Pharmacokinetic Model Framework for Interpreting Time Trends of Persistent Chemicals in Human Populations: Application to a Postban Situation AN - 21071584; 10989572 AB - Background Human milk and blood are monitored to detect time trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in humans. It is current practice to use log-linear regression to fit time series of averaged cross-sectional biomonitoring data, here referred to as cross-sectional trend data (CSTD). Objective The goals of our study are to clarify the interpretation of half-lives derived from fitting exponential functions to declining CSTD and to provide a method of estimating human elimination half-lives from CSTD collected in a postban situation. Methods We developed a multi-individual pharmacokinetic model framework and present analytical solutions for a postban period. For this case, the framework quantitatively describes the relationships among the half-life for reduction of body burdens of POPs derived from CSTD, the half-life describing decline in daily intake, and the half-life of elimination from the human body. Results The half-life derived from exponential fitting of CSTD collected under postban conditions describes the exposure trend and is independent of human elimination kinetics. We use a case study of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) to show that CSTD can be combined with exposure data obtained from total diet studies to estimate elimination kinetics of POPs for humans under background exposure conditions. Conclusions CSTD provide quantitative information about trends in human exposure and can be combined with exposure studies to estimate elimination kinetics. The full utility of these data has not been exploited so far. An efficient and informative monitoring strategy for banned POPs in humans would coordinate sampling of consistent sets of CSTD from young adults with total diet studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ritter, Roland AU - Scheringer, Martin AU - MacLeod, Matthew AU - Schenker, Urs AU - Hungerbuhler, Konrad Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1280 EP - 1286 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - biomonitoring KW - DDT KW - exposure science KW - modeling KW - persistent organic pollutants KW - Bioindicators KW - Chemicals KW - time series analysis KW - Kinetics KW - Breast milk KW - exploitation KW - human populations KW - young adults KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21071584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+Multi-Individual+Pharmacokinetic+Model+Framework+for+Interpreting+Time+Trends+of+Persistent+Chemicals+in+Human+Populations%3A+Application+to+a+Postban+Situation&rft.au=Ritter%2C+Roland%3BScheringer%2C+Martin%3BMacLeod%2C+Matthew%3BSchenker%2C+Urs%3BHungerbuhler%2C+Konrad&rft.aulast=Ritter&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900648 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Bioindicators; time series analysis; Kinetics; Breast milk; exploitation; human populations; young adults; Pharmacokinetics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900648 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age of Greatest Susceptibility to Childhood Lead Exposure: A New Statistical Approach AN - 21069483; 10989576 AB - Background Susceptibility to lead toxicity is often assumed to be greatest during early childhood (e.g., 2 years of age), but recent studies suggest that blood lead concentrations (BPb) taken at 5a7 years of age are more strongly associated with IQ. Objective We aimed to determine the age of greatest susceptibility to lead exposure using an innovative statistical approach that avoids the problem of correlated serial BPb measurements. Methods We analyzed two cohorts of children that were followed from infancy to 6 years of age in Rochester, New York (n = 211), and Cincinnati, Ohio (n = 251). Serial BPb levels were measured and IQ tests were done when children were 6 years of age. After adjustment for relevant covariates, the ratio of 6-year BPb to 2-year BPb was added to the multiple regression model to test whether the pattern of BPb profiles during childhood had additional effect on IQ. Results The ratio of BPb at 6 years to the BPb at 2 years showed a strong effect on IQ (p & .001) when added to the multiple regression model that included the average childhood BPb. IQ decreased by 7.0 points for children whose BPb at 6 years of age was 50% greater than that at 2 years compared with children whose 6-year BPb was 50% less than their 2-year BPb. Similarly, criminal arrest rates were a factor of 3.35 higher for those subjects whose 6-year BPb was 50% higher than their 2-year BPb. Conclusions We conclude that 6-year BPb is more strongly associated with cognitive and behavioral development than is BPb measured in early childhood. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hornung, Richard W AU - Lanphear, Bruce P AU - Dietrich, Kim N AD - Cincinnati Childrenas Environmental Health Center, Cincinnati Childrenas Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1309 EP - 1312 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - age effects KW - blood lead KW - collinearity KW - temporal pattern KW - Age KW - Statistics KW - arrests KW - Development KW - USA, New York, Rochester KW - Lead KW - Models KW - USA, Ohio, Cincinnati KW - Regression analysis KW - intelligence KW - Toxicity KW - Children KW - USA, New York KW - Blood levels KW - Intelligence KW - Blood KW - cognitive ability KW - Cognitive ability KW - innovations KW - USA, Ohio KW - X 24360:Metals KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21069483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Age+of+Greatest+Susceptibility+to+Childhood+Lead+Exposure%3A+A+New+Statistical+Approach&rft.au=Hornung%2C+Richard+W%3BLanphear%2C+Bruce+P%3BDietrich%2C+Kim+N&rft.aulast=Hornung&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800426 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Intelligence; Age; Statistics; Cognitive ability; Regression analysis; Development; Toxicity; Children; Lead; Models; cognitive ability; arrests; innovations; Blood levels; intelligence; USA, Ohio, Cincinnati; USA, Ohio; USA, New York, Rochester; USA, New York DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800426 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure as Part of a Systems Approach for Assessing Risk AN - 21069324; 10989557 AB - Background The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is facing large challenges in managing environmental chemicals with increasingly complex requirements for assessing risk that push the limits of our current approaches. To address some of these challenges, the National Research Council (NRC) developed a new vision for toxicity testing. Although the report focused only on toxicity testing, it recognized that exposure science will play a crucial role in a new risk-based framework. Objective In this commentary we expand on the important role of exposure science in a fully integrated system for risk assessment. We also elaborate on the exposure research needed to achieve this vision. Discussion Exposure science, when applied in an integrated systems approach for risk assessment, can be used to inform and prioritize toxicity testing, describe risks, and verify the outcomes of testing. Exposure research in several areas will be needed to achieve the NRC vision. For example, models are needed to screen chemicals based on exposure. Exposure, dosearesponse, and biological pathway models must be developed and linked. Advanced computational approaches are required for dose reconstruction. Monitoring methods are needed that easily measure exposure, internal dose, susceptibility, and biological outcome. Finally, population monitoring studies are needed to interpret toxicity test results in terms of real-world risk. Conclusion This commentary is a call for the exposure community to step up to the challenge by developing a predictive science with the knowledge and tools for moving into the 21st century. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sheldon, Linda S AU - Cohen Hubal, Elaine A AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory and Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1181 EP - 1194 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - computational biology KW - exposure science KW - modeling KW - risk assessment KW - systems biology KW - toxicity testing KW - Chemicals KW - Risk assessment KW - Population studies KW - Toxicity KW - Computer applications KW - Models KW - EPA KW - USA KW - Monitoring methods KW - Vision KW - Toxicity testing KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - X 24300:Methods KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21069324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Exposure+as+Part+of+a+Systems+Approach+for+Assessing+Risk&rft.au=Sheldon%2C+Linda+S%3BCohen+Hubal%2C+Elaine+A&rft.aulast=Sheldon&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800407 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Vision; Population studies; Toxicity; Computer applications; Toxicity testing; Models; Chemicals; toxicity testing; EPA; Monitoring methods; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800407 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bisphenol, npcRNAs and Utero-Ovarian Feed-Back Control of Breast Cancer Chemosensitivity AN - 21068872; 10989581 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yarpuzlu, Aysegul Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - A341 EP - A342 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Breast cancer KW - Cancer KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21068872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bisphenol%2C+npcRNAs+and+Utero-Ovarian+Feed-Back+Control+of+Breast+Cancer+Chemosensitivity&rft.au=Yarpuzlu%2C+Aysegul&rft.aulast=Yarpuzlu&rft.aufirst=Aysegul&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=A341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900983 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breast cancer; Cancer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900983 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TOX 21: New Dimensions of Toxicity Testing AN - 21068832; 10989587 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schmidt, Charles W Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - A348 EP - A353 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - Toxicity KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21068832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=TOX+21%3A+New+Dimensions+of+Toxicity+Testing&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Charles+W&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=A348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity testing; Toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HAZARDOUS WASTE: TVA Spillas Chemical Legacy AN - 21063032; 10989584 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chatterjee, Rhitu Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - A346 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Hazardous wastes KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - ENA 17:Waste Management-Solid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21063032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=HAZARDOUS+WASTE%3A+TVA+Spillas+Chemical+Legacy&rft.au=Chatterjee%2C+Rhitu&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Rhitu&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=A346&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazardous wastes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer Incidence among Former Love Canal Residents AN - 21063022; 10989570 AB - Background The Love Canal was a rectangular 16-acre, 10-ft-deep chemical waste landfill situated in a residential neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York. This seriously contaminated site came to public attention in 1978. Only one prior study examined cancer incidence in former residents of the Love Canal neighborhood (LC). Objective In this study we aimed to describe cancer incidence in former LC residents from 1979 to 1996 and to investigate whether it differs from that of New York State (NYS) and Niagara County (NC). Methods From 1978 to 1982, we interviewed 6,181 former residents, and 5,052 were eligible to be included in this study. In 1996, we identified 304 cancer diagnoses in this cohort using the NYS Cancer Registry. We compared LC cancer incidence with that of NYS and NC using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and we compared risks within the LC group by potential exposure to the landfill using survival analysis. Results SIRs were elevated for cancers of the bladder [SIR sub(NYS) = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91a2.16] and kidney (SIR sub(NYS) = 1.48; 95% CI, 0.76a2.58). Although CIs included 1.00, other studies have linked these cancers to chemicals similar to those found at Love Canal. We also found higher rates of bladder cancer among residents exposed as children, based on two cases. Conclusions In explaining these excess risks, the role of exposure to the landfill is unclear given such limitations as a relatively small and incomplete study cohort, imprecise exposure measurements, and the exclusion of cancers diagnosed before 1979. Given the relatively young age of the cohort, further surveillance is warranted. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gensburg, Lenore J AU - Pantea, Cristian AU - Kielb, Christine AU - Fitzgerald, Edward AU - Stark, Alice AU - Kim, Nancy AD - University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1265 EP - 1271 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - cancer KW - community health KW - exposure assessment KW - hazardous waste sites KW - Love Canal KW - Age KW - Landfills KW - ISE, Pacific, New Zealand Island Terr., Niue I., Alofi, Sir KW - Children KW - Cancer KW - USA, New York KW - Canals KW - urinary bladder KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Kidney KW - Chemical wastes KW - Standards KW - survival KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21063022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cancer+Incidence+among+Former+Love+Canal+Residents&rft.au=Gensburg%2C+Lenore+J%3BPantea%2C+Cristian%3BKielb%2C+Christine%3BFitzgerald%2C+Edward%3BStark%2C+Alice%3BKim%2C+Nancy&rft.aulast=Gensburg&rft.aufirst=Lenore&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0800153 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - urinary bladder; Canals; Age; Landfills; Waste disposal sites; Chemical wastes; Kidney; Standards; Children; survival; Cancer; ISE, Pacific, New Zealand Island Terr., Niue I., Alofi, Sir; USA, New York DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800153 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nuclear Hormone Receptor Activity of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Their Hydroxylated and Methoxylated Metabolites in Transactivation Assays Using Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells AN - 21063012; 10989562 AB - Background An increasing number of studies are reporting the existence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their hydroxylated (HO) and methoxylated (MeO) metabolites in the environment and in tissues from wildlife and humans. Objective Our aim was to characterize and compare the agonistic and antagonistic activities of principle PBDE congeners and their HO and MeO metabolites against human nuclear hormone receptors. Methods We tested the hormone receptor activities of estrogen receptor I- (ERI-), ERI2, androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), thyroid hormone receptor I- sub(1) (TRI- sub(1)), and TRI2 sub(1) against PBDE congeners BDEs 15, 28, 47, 85, 99, 100, 153, and 209, four para-HO-PBDEs, and four para-MeO-PBDEs by highly sensitive reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Results Of the 16 compounds tested, 6 and 2 showed agonistic activities in the ERI- and ERI2 assays, respectively, and 6 and 6 showed antagonistic activities in these assays. 4a2-HO-BDE-17 showed the most potent estrogenic activity via ERI-/I2, and 4a2-HO-BDE-49 showed the most potent anti estrogenic activity via ERI-/I2. In the AR assay, 13 compounds showed antagonistic activity, with 4a2-HO-BDE-17 in particular inhibiting AR-mediated transcriptional activity at low concentrations in the order of 10 super(a8) M. In the GR assay, seven compounds, including two HO-PBDEs and two MeO-PBDEs, showed weak antagonistic activity. In the TRI- sub(1) and TRI2 sub(1) assays, only 4-HO-BDE-90 showed weak antagonistic activity. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that PBDEs and their metabolites might have multiple endocrine-disrupting effects via nuclear hormone receptors, and para-HO-PBDEs, in particular, possess more potent receptor activities compared with those of the parent PBDEs and corresponding para-MeO-PBDEs. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kojima, Hiroyuki AU - Takeuchi, Shinji AU - Uramaru, Naoto AU - Sugihara, Kazumi AU - Yoshida, Takahiko AU - Kitamura, Shigeyuki AD - Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Japan Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1210 EP - 1218 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - androgen receptor KW - brominated diphenyl ether KW - Chinese hamster ovary cells KW - estrogen receptor KW - glucocorticoid receptor KW - reporter gene assay KW - thyroid hormone receptor KW - endocrine disruptors KW - Endocrine disruptors KW - Nuclear receptors KW - Wildlife KW - Thyroid KW - Assays KW - Transcription KW - Metabolites KW - Hormones KW - estrogenic activity KW - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - Androgen receptors KW - polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - Thyroid hormone receptors KW - Glucocorticoid receptors KW - Reporter gene KW - Congeners KW - Estrogen receptors KW - estrogens KW - ENA 21:Wildlife KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21063012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Nuclear+Hormone+Receptor+Activity+of+Polybrominated+Diphenyl+Ethers+and+Their+Hydroxylated+and+Methoxylated+Metabolites+in+Transactivation+Assays+Using+Chinese+Hamster+Ovary+Cells&rft.au=Kojima%2C+Hiroyuki%3BTakeuchi%2C+Shinji%3BUramaru%2C+Naoto%3BSugihara%2C+Kazumi%3BYoshida%2C+Takahiko%3BKitamura%2C+Shigeyuki&rft.aulast=Kojima&rft.aufirst=Hiroyuki&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900753 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nuclear receptors; Endocrine disruptors; Wildlife; Transcription; Metabolites; estrogenic activity; Androgen receptors; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Glucocorticoid receptors; Thyroid hormone receptors; Reporter gene; Congeners; Estrogen receptors; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; endocrine disruptors; Thyroid; Assays; Hormones; estrogens DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900753 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Health Research and the Observeras Dilemma AN - 21063005; 10989559 AB - Background Environmental health researchers frequently study people in occupational, educational, recreational, or domestic settings who are exposed to hazardous agents. Objective/discussion Deciding whetheraand howato inform research subjects about risks they face in their environment can be a challenging task for investigators. Because legal rules and professional guidelines do not cover this topic, investigators must carefully consider their ethical obligations in light of the facts and circumstances. Conclusion To navigate through this dilemma, investigators should consider the evidence for the risks, the nature of the risks, the usefulness of risk information to the subjects, and the effects on the study and community of informing subjects about risks. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Resnik, David B Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 1191 EP - 1194 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - beneficence KW - environmental health research KW - ethics KW - human subjects KW - observation KW - regulations KW - risk KW - risk communication KW - Recreation areas KW - guidelines KW - Ethics KW - Environmental health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21063005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Health+Research+and+the+Observeras+Dilemma&rft.au=Resnik%2C+David+B&rft.aulast=Resnik&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900861 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - guidelines; Recreation areas; Ethics; Environmental health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900861 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New species and unexpected diversity of socially parasitic bees in the genus Inquilina Michener (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae) AN - 20820796; 10956653 AB - Allodapine bees present particular problems for taxonomy due to a high level of morphological conservatism in adults, even between genera. However, this tribe of bees also presents a unique opportunity to explore the evolution of social parasitism because of the comparatively large number of origins of socially parasitic species. Morphological differences presented here, along with DNA sequence data and molecular phylogenetic analyses, indicate a much larger number of Australian social parasite species in the genus Inquilina than previously anticipated, and suggest that the final number of socially parasitic species may be considerable. We describe five new species and present sequence data that will help elucidate the delineation of further new species. Inquilina provides a unique opportunity to study the evolution of social parasitism in social insects, but further studies will need to encompass both population genetic and phylogenetic approaches. JF - Insect Science AU - Smith, JA AU - Schwarz, M P AD - Flinders University, School of Biological Sciences, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia, Jaclyn.Smith@flinders.edu.au Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 343 EP - 350 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 1672-9609, 1672-9609 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Phylogeny KW - Population genetics KW - Data processing KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Taxonomy KW - Apoidea KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - Parasitism KW - Evolution KW - New species KW - Y 25040:Behavioral Ecology KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Z 05360:Genetics and Evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20820796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+Science&rft.atitle=New+species+and+unexpected+diversity+of+socially+parasitic+bees+in+the+genus+Inquilina+Michener+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apoidea%3A+Apidae%29&rft.au=Smith%2C+JA%3BSchwarz%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+Science&rft.issn=16729609&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1744-7917.2009.01266.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phylogeny; Population genetics; Data processing; Nucleotide sequence; Taxonomy; Parasitism; Evolution; New species; Apoidea; Hymenoptera; Apidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2009.01266.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do plant parts compete for resources? An evolutionary viewpoint AN - 20766928; 10294027 AB - SummarySimultaneously growing sinks are thought to compete for plant resources. Negative correlations, for example between grain number and stem mass in cereals, indeed resemble competition; but is the notion of intra-plant competition evolutionarily justified? Here we review intra-plant competition in light of two aspects of evolutionary biology: (a) major transitions that led to the reorganization of evolutionary individuals (e.g. isolated DNA molecules and independent cells) into new units of adaptation (e.g. chromosomes and multicellular organisms) with associated constraints to intra-individual conflict; and (b) genomic conflicts within individual plants with implications for resource allocation. Against this background, we look at apparent competition among genetically identical plant parts, and conclude that plants might use competition-like mechanisms to allocate resources, but only to the extent that these proximate mechanisms enhance overall plant fitness. In dealing with apparent competition among genetically different plant structures, we emphasize developing seeds attached to the same maternal plant, and the determination of yield components in annual crops. We propose that competition-like mechanisms among genetically different plant parts have been strongly shaped by the evolution of genomic conflict between parent and offspring, between female and male parents, and among siblings. By defining the number and potential size of grain simultaneously and before fertilization, a strong maternal control of resource allocation is exerted that favours uniform offspring size and partially counteracts genomic conflict.New Phytologist (2009) 183: 565-574doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02848.x JF - New Phytologist AU - Sadras, Victor O AU - Denison, RFord AD - 1South Australian Research and Development Institute, Waite Campus, GPO Box 397, Adelaide 5001, Australia Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 565 EP - 574 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 183 IS - 3 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - allogamy and autogamy KW - genomic conflict KW - parent-offspring KW - seed number and size KW - sibling rivalry KW - sink and source KW - trade-off KW - Fitness KW - Fertilization KW - Chromosomes KW - Seeds KW - Reviews KW - Siblings KW - genomics KW - Evolution KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20766928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Do+plant+parts+compete+for+resources%3F+An+evolutionary+viewpoint&rft.au=Sadras%2C+Victor+O%3BDenison%2C+RFord&rft.aulast=Sadras&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.2009.02848.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fitness; Seeds; Chromosomes; Fertilization; Reviews; Siblings; genomics; Evolution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02848.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - snoRNAs in Giardia lamblia: a novel role in RNA silencing? AN - 20766068; 10271960 AB - In the expanding world of small regulatory RNAs, a recent paper by Saraiya and Wang has reported the identification in the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia of a novel class of small RNAs, which are derived by Dicer processing of small nucleolar RNAs and have the potential to function as micro RNAs. Interestingly, these RNAs occur not only in this parasite but also in humans. JF - Trends in Parasitology AU - Kolev, NG AU - Ullu, E AD - 295 Congress Av, elisabetta.ullu@yale.edu Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - August 2009 SP - 348 EP - 350 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 25 IS - 8 SN - 1471-4922, 1471-4922 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Parasites KW - Nucleoli KW - Human diseases KW - RNA KW - Reviews KW - Giardia lamblia KW - RNA-mediated interference KW - snoRNA KW - Freshwater KW - Public health KW - K 03400:Human Diseases KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - N 14830:RNA KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20766068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Parasitology&rft.atitle=snoRNAs+in+Giardia+lamblia%3A+a+novel+role+in+RNA+silencing%3F&rft.au=Kolev%2C+NG%3BUllu%2C+E&rft.aulast=Kolev&rft.aufirst=NG&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Parasitology&rft.issn=14714922&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2009.05.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Human diseases; RNA; Public health; Nucleoli; Reviews; RNA-mediated interference; snoRNA; Giardia lamblia; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2009.05.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae inoculation on the mating behavior of three species of African Tephritid fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis cosyra and Ceratitis fasciventris AN - 20635330; 9374222 AB - Bioassays were carried out in the laboratory to investigate the effect of inoculation by Metarhizium anisopliae on mating behavior of three species of fruit flies, Ceratitis cosyra, C. fasciventris and C. capitata. In all three species, inoculation by the fungus resulted in significant delay in the commencement of calling and mating of treated males as they spent substantial amount of time in grooming activity. In fungus-treated male flies, calling and mating started at 70.0-80.0 min after exposing them to untreated females. However, when females were treated, calling and mating started from 15.0 to 16.0 min. Fungus- treated males competed equally with untreated males for virgin female flies from day 0 to day 2 post- inoculation. There were, however, significant differences on day 3, with untreated males of the three fruit fly species having higher percentage of paring than fungus-treated males. There was no significant difference in the duration of pairing of fungus-treated males and untreated male of the three fruit fly species at day 0, 1 and 2 post-inoculation. However, on day 3 post-inoculation, there was a significant difference in the duration of mating with fungus-treated males having the lowest duration of mating. No significant differences in the percentage of mating between fungus-treated male and female flies; and the untreated flies at day 0, 1 and 2 days post-inoculation, except on day 3. The results are discussed with regard to application in autodissemination, baiting and the sterile insect techniques. JF - Biological Control AU - Dimbi, Susan AU - Maniania, Nguya K AU - Ekesi, Sunday AD - International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), PO Box 30772-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, nmaniania@icipe.org Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 111 EP - 116 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 1049-9644, 1049-9644 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Entomopathogenic fungus KW - Metarhizium anisopliae KW - Fruit flies KW - Ceratitis cosyra KW - C. fasciventris KW - C. capitata KW - Fungal inoculation KW - Mating behavior KW - Competitiveness. KW - Ceratitis KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Biological control KW - Grooming KW - Inoculation KW - Baiting KW - A 01370:Biological Control KW - Z 05330:Reproduction and Development KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20635330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Control&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Metarhizium+anisopliae+inoculation+on+the+mating+behavior+of+three+species+of+African+Tephritid+fruit+flies%2C+Ceratitis+capitata%2C+Ceratitis+cosyra+and+Ceratitis+fasciventris&rft.au=Dimbi%2C+Susan%3BManiania%2C+Nguya+K%3BEkesi%2C+Sunday&rft.aulast=Dimbi&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Control&rft.issn=10499644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biocontrol.2009.04.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Mating behavior; Grooming; Inoculation; Baiting; Ceratitis capitata; Ceratitis; Metarhizium anisopliae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.04.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rare earth element geochemistry of scleractinian coral skeleton during meteoric diagenesis: a sequence through neomorphism of aragonite to calcite AN - 20230468; 10294492 AB - AbstractRare earth element geochemistry in carbonate rocks is utilized increasingly for studying both modern oceans and palaeoceanography, with additional applications for investigating water-rock interactions in groundwater and carbonate diagenesis. However, the study of rare earth element geochemistry in ancient rocks requires the preservation of their distribution patterns through subsequent diagenesis. The subjects of this study, Pleistocene scleractinian coral skeletons from Windley Key, Florida, have undergone partial to complete neomorphism from aragonite to calcite in a meteoric setting; they allow direct comparison of rare earth element distributions in original coral skeleton and in neomorphic calcite. Neomorphism occurred in a vadose setting along a thin film, with degradation of organic matter playing an initial role in controlling the morphology of the diagenetic front. As expected, minor element concentrations vary significantly between skeletal aragonite and neomorphic calcite, with Sr, Ba and U decreasing in concentration and Mn increasing in concentration in the calcite, suggesting that neomorphism took place in an open system. However, rare earth elements were largely retained during neomorphism, with precipitating cements taking up excess rare earth elements released from dissolved carbonates from higher in the karst system. Preserved rare earth element patterns in the stabilized calcite closely reflect the original rare earth element patterns of the corals and associated reef carbonates. However, minor increases in light rare earth element depletion and negative Ce anomalies may reflect shallow oxidized groundwater processes, whereas decreasing light rare earth element depletion may reflect mixing of rare earth elements from associated microbialites or contamination from insoluble residues. Regardless of these minor disturbances, the results indicate that rare earth elements, unlike many minor elements, behave very conservatively during meteoric diagenesis. As the meteoric transformation of aragonite to calcite is a near worst case scenario for survival of original marine trace element distributions, this study suggests that original rare earth element patterns may commonly be preserved in ancient limestones, thus providing support for the use of ancient marine limestones as proxies for marine rare earth element geochemistry. JF - Sedimentology AU - Webb, Gregory E AU - Nothdurft, Luke D AU - Kamber, Balz S AU - Kloprogge, J T AU - Zhao, Jian-Xin AD - *School of Natural Resource Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia ( : ge.webb[at]qut.edu.au) Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - August 2009 SP - 1433 EP - 1463 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0037-0746, 0037-0746 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Carbonate diagenesis KW - meteoric diagenesis KW - neomorphism KW - rare earth elements KW - scleractinian coral KW - trace element geochemistry KW - Scleractinia KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Rare earths KW - Palaeoceanography KW - Coral reefs KW - Organic matter KW - Calcite KW - Pleistocene KW - Open systems KW - Aragonite KW - Diagenesis KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - Q1 08187:Palaeontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20230468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sedimentology&rft.atitle=Rare+earth+element+geochemistry+of+scleractinian+coral+skeleton+during+meteoric+diagenesis%3A+a+sequence+through+neomorphism+of+aragonite+to+calcite&rft.au=Webb%2C+Gregory+E%3BNothdurft%2C+Luke+D%3BKamber%2C+Balz+S%3BKloprogge%2C+J+T%3BZhao%2C+Jian-Xin&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sedimentology&rft.issn=00370746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3091.2008.01041.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rare earths; Palaeoceanography; Organic matter; Coral reefs; Calcite; Pleistocene; Open systems; Aragonite; Diagenesis; Scleractinia; ASW, USA, Florida DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01041.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The inter-tester reliability of humeral head position in junior swimmers AN - 20094158; 10241788 AB - Objectives: To determine the inter-tester reliability of a clinical measure of humeral head position. Design: Same day repeated measures inter-tester reliability study. Setting: 2 Western Australian Aquatic Centres. Participants: 15 Junior elite swimmers were measured by 3 investigators. Main Outcome Measures: The distance between the most anterior part of the humeral head and the anterior acromion was measured with shoulder in neutral position and hands on hips position. Results: The humeral head SEMs ranged from 2.4 to 3.2mm. ICCs were 0.60-0.68 in the hands on hips position and 0.49 in the neutral position. Significant differences existed between testers for some humeral head measures. Conclusions: Humeral head in the hands on hips position measure appears to be a clinically useful tool in assessment of the shoulder in young athletes. JF - Physical Therapy in Sport AU - McKenna, L AU - Straker, L AU - Smith, A AD - Curtin University of Technology, School of Physiotherapy, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia, l.mckenna@curtin.edu.au Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 97 EP - 100 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 1466-853X, 1466-853X KW - Physical Education Index KW - Evaluation KW - Hands KW - Measurement KW - Reliability KW - Shoulders KW - Sports KW - Youth KW - Hips KW - Aquatics KW - PE 110:Physical Therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20094158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Therapy+in+Sport&rft.atitle=The+inter-tester+reliability+of+humeral+head+position+in+junior+swimmers&rft.au=McKenna%2C+L%3BStraker%2C+L%3BSmith%2C+A&rft.aulast=McKenna&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physical+Therapy+in+Sport&rft.issn=1466853X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ptsp.2009.02.002 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hips; Reliability; Hands; Youth; Shoulders; Measurement; Evaluation; Sports; Aquatics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2009.02.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicology in the Fast Lane: Application of High-Throughput Bioassays to Detect Modulation of Key Enzymes and Receptors AN - 746080255; 12747175 AB - Legislation at state, federal, and international levels is requiring rapid evaluation of the toxicity of numerous chemicals. Whole-animal toxicologic studies cannot yield the necessary throughput in a cost-effective fashion, leading to a critical need for a faster and more cost-effective toxicologic evaluation of xenobiotics. We tested whether mechanistically based screening assays can rapidly provide information on the potential for compounds to affect key enzymes and receptor targets, thus identifying those compounds requiring further in-depth analysis. A library of 176 synthetic chemicals was prepared and examined in a high-throughput screening (HTS) manner using nine enzyme-based and five receptor-based bioassays. All the assays have high Z' values, indicating good discrimination among compounds in a reliable fashion, and thus are suitable for HTS assays. On average, three positive hits were obtained per assay. Although we identified compounds that were previously shown to inhibit a particular enzyme class or receptor, we surprisingly discovered that triclosan, a microbiocide present in personal care products, inhibits carboxylesterases and that dichlone, a fungicide, strongly inhibits the ryanodine receptors. Considering the need to rapidly screen tens of thousands of anthropogenic compounds, our study shows the feasibility of using combined HTS assays as a novel approach toward obtaining toxicologic data on numerous biological end points. The HTS assay approach is very useful to quickly identify potentially hazardous compounds and to prioritize them for further in-depth studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Morisseau, Christophe AU - Merzlikin, Oleg AU - Lin, Amy AU - He, Guochun AU - Feng, Wei AU - Padilla, Isela AU - Denison, Michael S AU - Pessah, Isaac N AU - Hammock, B D AD - Department of Entomology and Cancer Center and Y1 - 2009/07/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 31 SP - 1867 EP - 1872 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - bioassays KW - biomarkers KW - enzyme inhibition KW - high-throughput assays KW - triclocarban KW - triclosan KW - Chemicals KW - Feasibility studies KW - discrimination KW - Data processing KW - Consumer products KW - anthropogenic factors KW - Enzymes KW - Carboxylesterase KW - Toxicity KW - Xenobiotics KW - Ryanodine receptors KW - Bioassays KW - Economics KW - Fungicides KW - high-throughput screening KW - Triclosan KW - Legislation KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746080255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+microbiology&rft.atitle=Microbiological+food+safety%3A+a+dilemma+of+developing+societies.&rft.au=Akhtar%2C+Saeed%3BSarker%2C+Mahfuzur+R%3BHossain%2C+Ashfaque&rft.aulast=Akhtar&rft.aufirst=Saeed&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+microbiology&rft.issn=1549-7828&rft_id=info:doi/10.3109%2F1040841X.2012.742036 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ryanodine receptors; Data processing; Fungicides; Carboxylesterase; Enzymes; high-throughput screening; Xenobiotics; Toxicity; Triclosan; Legislation; Feasibility studies; Chemicals; discrimination; Bioassays; Consumer products; anthropogenic factors; Economics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900834 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Well-Water Consumption and Parkinson's Disease in Rural California AN - 746079796; 12747432 AB - Investigators have hypothesized that consuming pesticide-contaminated well water plays a role in Parkinson's disease (PD), and several previous epidemiologic studies support this hypothesis. We investigated whether consuming water from private wells located in areas with documented historical pesticide use was associated with an increased risk of PD. We employed a geographic information system (GIS)-based model to estimate potential well-water contamination from agricultural pesticides among 368 cases and 341 population controls enrolled in the Parkinson's Environment and Genes Study (PEG). We separately examined 6 pesticides (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, propargite, paraquat, dimethoate, and methomyl) from among 26 chemicals selected for their potential to pollute groundwater or for their interest in PD, and because at least 10% of our population was exposed to them. Cases were more likely to have consumed private well water and to have consumed it on average 4.3 years longer than controls (p = 0.02). High levels of possible well-water contamination with methomyl [odds ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-2.78]), chlorpyrifos (OR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.05-3.31), and propargite (OR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.15-3.20) resulted in approximately 70-90% increases in relative risk of PD. Adjusting for ambient pesticide exposures only slightly attenuated these increases. Exposure to a higher number of water-soluble pesticides and organophosphate pesticides also increased the relative risk of PD. Our study, the first to use agricultural pesticide application records, adds evidence that consuming well water presumably contaminated with pesticides may play a role in the etiology of PD. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gatto, Nicole M AU - Cockburn, Myles AU - Bronstein, Jeff AU - Manthripragada, Angelika D AU - Ritz, Beate AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA Y1 - 2009/07/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 31 SP - 1912 EP - 1918 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - contamination KW - Parkinson's KW - pesticide KW - well water KW - Historical account KW - Contamination KW - Parkinson's disease KW - Pesticide applications KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Exposure KW - population control KW - Paraquat KW - Pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Movement disorders KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Dimethoate KW - Geographic information systems KW - Groundwater KW - Chemicals KW - Risk assessment KW - Organophosphates KW - Remote sensing KW - Well Water KW - Ground water KW - USA, California KW - Polyethylene glycol KW - Etiology KW - Toxicity KW - Risk KW - Neurodegenerative diseases KW - Population control KW - Pesticides KW - Water wells KW - dimethoate KW - Diazinon KW - Rural areas KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746079796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Well-Water+Consumption+and+Parkinson%27s+Disease+in+Rural+California&rft.au=Gatto%2C+Nicole+M%3BCockburn%2C+Myles%3BBronstein%2C+Jeff%3BManthripragada%2C+Angelika+D%3BRitz%2C+Beate&rft.aulast=Gatto&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.date=2009-07-31&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900852 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Pesticides (organophosphorus); Etiology; Contamination; Parkinson's disease; Pesticide applications; Chlorpyrifos; Neurodegenerative diseases; Movement disorders; Ground water; Geographic information systems; Dimethoate; Polyethylene glycol; Diazinon; Paraquat; Chemicals; Historical account; Organophosphates; Remote sensing; Population control; Pesticides; Water wells; Groundwater; dimethoate; population control; Rural areas; Risk; Agricultural Chemicals; Exposure; Water Pollution Effects; Toxicity; Well Water; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900852 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of pharmaceuticals in indirect potable reuse systems using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 67476365; 19560149 AB - A solid-phase extraction (SPE) LC-MS/MS method for 18 commercial drugs in secondary wastewater and product water from water recycling plants using microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO) has been developed, optimised and validated. The method incorporates a range of multi-class pharmaceuticals including lipid lowering agents, analgesics, antipyretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antidepressants, anticoagulants, tranquilizers, cytostatic agents, and antiepileptics. Method limits of quantitation (MLQs) in secondary wastewater ranged from 15 to 250 ng/L, while MLQs in post-RO water ranged from 1 to 25 ng/L. Results from analysis of secondary wastewater from Western Australia are presented, and represent the largest survey of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals within Australia to date. Analysis of post-RO water from two MF/RO water recycling facilities also demonstrate that MF/RO treatment removes most pharmaceuticals to below the analytical limits of detection, and more importantly, up to seven orders of magnitude below health-based guideline values. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Busetti, Francesco AU - Linge, Kathryn L AU - Heitz, Anna AD - Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia. f.busetti@exchange.curtin.edu.au Y1 - 2009/07/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 31 SP - 5807 EP - 5818 VL - 1216 IS - 31 KW - Industrial Waste KW - 0 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Drug Industry KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Linear Models KW - Water Purification -- methods KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Tandem Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Solid Phase Extraction -- methods KW - Industrial Waste -- analysis KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67476365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+pharmaceuticals+in+indirect+potable+reuse+systems+using+solid-phase+extraction+and+liquid+chromatography-tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Busetti%2C+Francesco%3BLinge%2C+Kathryn+L%3BHeitz%2C+Anna&rft.aulast=Busetti&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft.date=2009-07-31&rft.volume=1216&rft.issue=31&rft.spage=5807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=1873-3778&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chroma.2009.06.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2009-09-24 N1 - Date created - 2009-07-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.001 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Uganda: Current Conditions and the Crisis in North Uganda AN - 58847298; 2008-407094 AB - This report discusses the current political situation in Uganda, with President Yoweri Museveni and his ruling National Revolutionary Movement (NRM) parliamentary candidates winning a decisive victory over opposition candidate Kizza Besigye and the Forum for Democracy Coalition in elections that the International election observers did not condemn, nor fully endorse. In the north, the government of Uganda has long fought the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), an armed rebel group backed by the government of Sudan -- a struggle which has created a humanitarian crisis that has displaced over 1.5 million people and resulted in the abduction of over 20,000 children. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 31 2009, 33 pp. AU - Dagne, Ted Y1 - 2009/07/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 31 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Politics - Elections and voting KW - Government - Public officials KW - Government - Forms of government KW - Politics - Political ideologies and movements KW - Presidents KW - Elections KW - Museveni, Yoweri Kaguta KW - Uganda KW - Democracy KW - Government and politics KW - Sudan KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58847298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Dagne%2C+Ted&rft.aulast=Dagne&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft.date=2009-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Uganda%3A+Current+Conditions+and+the+Crisis+in+North+Uganda&rft.title=Uganda%3A+Current+Conditions+and+the+Crisis+in+North+Uganda&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33701_20090731.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL33701 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2009 AN - 58845911; 2008-407093 AB - The Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2009, H.R. 3221, would fund expansions of several Higher Education Act (HEA) of 1965 programs and benefits, including the Federal Pell Grant program, the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (DL) program, programs serving minorities, and the College Access Challenge Grant program, and would alter procedures for determining student aid eligibility. H.R. 3221 also would establish several new programs under the HEA, including a new Veterans Educational Equity Supplemental Grant Program, a new Federal Direct Perkins Loan offered through the DL program, and a College Access and Completion Innovation Fund. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 31 2009, 27 pp. AU - Smole, David P AU - Mahan, Shannon M AU - McCallion, Gail AU - Skinner, Rebecca R AU - Bradley, David H AU - Dortch, Cassandria Y1 - 2009/07/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 31 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Education and education policy - Education financing and facilities KW - Education and education policy - Education KW - Education and education policy - Education personnel and population KW - Banking and public and private finance - Public finance KW - United States KW - Educational policy KW - College students KW - Government loans and grants KW - Student loans KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58845911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Smole%2C+David+P%3BMahan%2C+Shannon+M%3BMcCallion%2C+Gail%3BSkinner%2C+Rebecca+R%3BBradley%2C+David+H%3BDortch%2C+Cassandria&rft.aulast=Smole&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2009-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Student+Aid+and+Fiscal+Responsibility+Act+of+2009&rft.title=The+Student+Aid+and+Fiscal+Responsibility+Act+of+2009&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40742_20090731.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40742 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Longitudinal Mercury Monitoring within the Japanese and Korean Communities (United States): Implications for Exposure Determination and Public Health Protection AN - 1677948376; 12747332 AB - Estimates of exposure to toxicants are predominantly obtained from single time-point data. Fish consumption guidance based on these data may be incomplete, as recommendations are unlikely to consider impact from factors such as intraindividual variability, seasonal differences in consumption behavior, and species consumed. We studied populations of Korean (n = 108) and Japanese (n = 106) women living in the Puget Sound area in Washington State to estimate mercury exposure based on fish intake and hair Hg levels at two and three time points, respectively. Our goals were to examine changes in hair Hg levels, fish intake behavior, and Hg body burden over time; and to determine if data from multiple time points could improve guidance. More than 50 fish species were consumed, with eight species representing approximately three-fourths of fish consumed by the Japanese and 10 species representing approximately four-fifths of fish intake by the Koreans. Fish species responsible for most Hg intake did not change over time; & 10 species accounted for most of the Hg body burden in each population. Longitudinal variability of hair Hg levels changed slowly across the study period. Japanese with hair Hg levels > 1.2 ppm (mean, 2.2 ppm) consumed approximately 150% more fish than those with levels , 1.2 ppm (mean, 0.7 ppm). However, because many participants consumed substantial amounts of fish while having hair-Hg levels , 1.2 ppm, the nutritional benefits offered from fish consumption should be obtainable without exceeding the RfD. We observed a 100% difference in fish intake between open-ended and 2-week recall fish consumption surveys. Open-ended survey data better represent Hg intake as determined from hair Hg levels. Single time-point fish intake data appear to be adequate for deriving guidance, but caution is warranted, as study is required to determine the significance of the different outcomes observed using the two survey time frames. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tsuchiya, Ami AU - Hinners, Thomas A AU - Krogstad, Finn AU - White, Jim W AU - Burbacher, Thomas M AU - Faustman, Elaine M AU - Marieen, Koenraad AD - Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Services and Y1 - 2009/07/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 31 SP - 1760 EP - 1766 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - consumption KW - exposure KW - fish KW - fish advisories KW - hair KW - mercury KW - longitudinal KW - reference dose KW - temporal KW - Estimates KW - Intakes KW - Consumption KW - Surveys KW - Mercury KW - Fish KW - Hair KW - Populations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677948376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Longitudinal+Mercury+Monitoring+within+the+Japanese+and+Korean+Communities+%28United+States%29%3A+Implications+for+Exposure+Determination+and+Public+Health+Protection&rft.au=Tsuchiya%2C+Ami%3BHinners%2C+Thomas+A%3BKrogstad%2C+Finn%3BWhite%2C+Jim+W%3BBurbacher%2C+Thomas+M%3BFaustman%2C+Elaine+M%3BMarieen%2C+Koenraad&rft.aulast=Tsuchiya&rft.aufirst=Ami&rft.date=2009-07-31&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.0900801 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900801 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues AN - 58828498; 2008-407095 AB - Pakistan's nuclear arsenal consists of approximately 60 nuclear warheads; and Islamabad continues to produce fissile material, add to related production facilities, and deploy additional delivery vehicles. After the 2004 revelations about a procurement network run by former Pakistani nuclear official A.Q. Khan, Islamabad improved its nuclear security and prevented further proliferation of nuclear-related technologies and materials; yet, while US and Pakistani officials continue to express confidence in controls over Pakistan's nuclear weapons, continued instability in the country could impact these safeguards. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 30 2009, 18 pp. AU - Kerr, Paul K AU - Nikitin, Mary Beth Y1 - 2009/07/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 30 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Military and defense policy - Military equipment and weapons KW - International relations - International peace and security KW - Government - Internal security KW - Pakistan KW - Atomic weapons KW - Nuclear nonproliferation KW - Arsenals KW - Regional security KW - Internal security KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58828498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kerr%2C+Paul+K%3BNikitin%2C+Mary+Beth&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Pakistan%27s+Nuclear+Weapons%3A+Proliferation+and+Security+Issues&rft.title=Pakistan%27s+Nuclear+Weapons%3A+Proliferation+and+Security+Issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34248_20090730.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL34248 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-term responses of ground-active beetles to alternative silvicultural systems in the Warra Silvicultural Systems Trial, Tasmania, Australia AN - 20691305; 10067331 AB - The Warra Silvicultural Systems Trial (SST) in Tasmania, Australia provides a framework for investigating the responses of beetles (Order: Coleoptera) to three alternative systems in lowland wet eucalypt forest: aggregated retention; dispersed retention; and understorey islands retained in clearfelled areas. Beetles from three families known to be sensitive to forest management, the families Carabidae (ground-beetles), Curculionidae (weevils) and Leiodidae (fungus-beetles), were collected with pitfall traps prior to harvest, and in the first and third years post-harvest. The retained aggregates in the aggregated retention system maintained beetle assemblages reasonably typical of mature forests, at least in these early years following harvesting. These aggregates appear to provide a stable habitat, with similar species composition in the first and third years post-harvest. In contrast, the harvested areas of the aggregated retention system contained low numbers of beetle species affiliated with mature forest, as did the understorey islands and the dispersed retention system. Relative to clearfelling, all alternative silvicultural systems appeared to be of some benefit to beetles affiliated with mature forest, but aggregated retention retained far greater numbers of these beetles compared to the other systems in Tasmanian wet eucalypt forest. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Baker, S C AU - Grove, S J AU - Forster, L AU - Bonham, K J AU - Bashford, D AD - Division of Forest Research and Development, GPO Box 207, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, Simon.Grove@forestrytas.com.au Y1 - 2009/07/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 30 SP - 444 EP - 459 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 258 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - silviculture KW - Forest management KW - pitfall traps KW - Coleoptera KW - Leiodidae KW - Forests KW - Habitat KW - forest management KW - Silviculture KW - Islands KW - Carabidae KW - Pitfall traps KW - Curculionidae KW - harvesting KW - understory KW - Species composition KW - Z 05340:Ecology and Behavior KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - ENA 21:Wildlife KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20691305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Short-term+responses+of+ground-active+beetles+to+alternative+silvicultural+systems+in+the+Warra+Silvicultural+Systems+Trial%2C+Tasmania%2C+Australia&rft.au=Baker%2C+S+C%3BGrove%2C+S+J%3BForster%2C+L%3BBonham%2C+K+J%3BBashford%2C+D&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2009.03.044 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Silviculture; Islands; Pitfall traps; Species composition; Habitat; forest management; silviculture; pitfall traps; harvesting; understory; Forests; Coleoptera; Carabidae; Curculionidae; Leiodidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.044 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Log decomposition rates in Tasmanian Eucalyptus obliqua determined using an indirect chronosequence approach AN - 20688367; 10067317 AB - Coarse woody debris (CWD) is a fundamental component of forest ecosystems, but one whose management presents challenges for land managers because its inputs and outputs are linked to, but not often in equilibrium with, disturbance events, including wildfire and logging. Understanding its rate of decomposition is one key element in being able to model its dynamics under different disturbance and management scenarios. We employed an indirect chronosequence approach to determine a decomposition rate for CWD of Eucalyptus obliqua, one of the dominant trees of Tasmania's commercially important lowland wet eucalypt forests. In sequence, we developed an understanding of the relationships of (1) decay-class and wood density; (2) decay-class and years-since-disturbance; and (3) wood density and years-since-disturbance, from which we derived decomposition functions, including single negative exponential functions. We found no clear relationship between decomposition rate and either log diameter or the nature of the disturbance event (logging or wildfire). We showed that models developed without a consideration of the effects of log fragmentation imply unrealistically slow decomposition rates. Our derived first-order decomposition rate constant (k) is 0.0085. This suggests that E. obliqua CWD in Tasmania's southern forests decomposes very slowly in comparison with CWD decomposition rates reported from most other parts of the world. We intend to apply our findings to the task of modelling CWD dynamics for informing forest management. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Grove, S J AU - Stamm, L AU - Barry, C AD - Forestry Tasmania, GPO Box 207, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, simon.grove@forestrytas.com.au Y1 - 2009/07/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 30 SP - 389 EP - 397 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 258 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - wildfire KW - Forest management KW - disturbance KW - Forest ecosystems KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Wood KW - logging KW - Decomposition KW - Eucalyptus KW - Models KW - Logging KW - forest management KW - Wildfire KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 15:Renewable Resources-Terrestrial KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20688367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Log+decomposition+rates+in+Tasmanian+Eucalyptus+obliqua+determined+using+an+indirect+chronosequence+approach&rft.au=Grove%2C+S+J%3BStamm%2C+L%3BBarry%2C+C&rft.aulast=Grove&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2008.11.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Logging; Forest management; Wildfire; Trees; Decomposition; Models; forest management; wildfire; disturbance; Forest ecosystems; Wood; Forests; logging; Eucalyptus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early responses of birds to clearfelling and its alternatives in lowland wet eucalypt forest in Tasmania, Australia AN - 20173148; 10067333 AB - The impacts on bird assemblages of silvicultural alternatives to clearfelling in lowland wet eucalypt forest were studied over a decade at Warra, Tasmania. Using a multiple-visit point-count procedure and a before-after-control-impact design, indices of relative incidence were derived for the 44 bird species recorded at 177 survey-points, and used in both univariate and multivariate analyses. The majority of species had strong associations with either mature forest or young regeneration post-harvest, with very few more generalist species present. Bird assemblages in the unharvested mature forest were not static over this period, but this could not readily be explained by the expansion of forest harvesting in the surrounding landscape. However, the shift was subtle compared to the responses to harvesting, which induced a fundamental change in assemblage composition irrespective of the silvicultural system applied. The ability of the different systems to retain elements of the original mature forest avifauna varied markedly. Dispersed retention silviculture was no better than clearfelling, with or without unharvested understorey islands in the latter system. By contrast, both the unharvested parts of coupes subjected to stripfelling, and the retained aggregates in coupes subjected to aggregated retention silviculture, maintained mature forest bird assemblages. The long-term value of stripfelling for mature forest avifauna is compromised because the unharvested strips will be harvested mid-rotation. Aggregated retention silviculture, however, is designed for long-term retention of mature forest in aggregates, and our results suggest that this system may offer a means of sustaining mature forest bird assemblages at the coupe-level. However, individual mature forest species varied in their degree of tolerance, and we suggest that no system is completely resilient to harvesting effects. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Lefort, P AU - Grove, S AD - Forestry Tasmania, GPO Box 207, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, Simon.Grove@forestrytas.com.au Y1 - 2009/07/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 30 SP - 460 EP - 471 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 258 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - silviculture KW - Forest management KW - regeneration KW - Landscape KW - Forests KW - Aves KW - Silviculture KW - Islands KW - Multivariate analysis KW - harvesting KW - understory KW - avifauna KW - Avifauna KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20173148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Early+responses+of+birds+to+clearfelling+and+its+alternatives+in+lowland+wet+eucalypt+forest+in+Tasmania%2C+Australia&rft.au=Lefort%2C+P%3BGrove%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lefort&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2009.04.022 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Silviculture; Islands; Multivariate analysis; Landscape; Forests; Avifauna; Aves; silviculture; regeneration; harvesting; understory; avifauna DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An examination of stocking and early growth in the Warra silvicultural systems trial confirms the importance of a burnt seedbed for vigorous regeneration in Eucalyptus obliqua forest AN - 20067442; 10067316 AB - Clearfelling of wet eucalypt forest followed by high intensity burning and aerial sowing, a silvicultural system designed to mimic the natural dynamic of sporadic regeneration following cataclysmic disturbance, has attracted criticism for not maintaining the structural diversity that is associated with natural disturbance. A silvicultural systems trial was established at the Warra Long-Term Ecological Research site in southern Tasmania to explore alternatives to clearfelling in tall wet eucalypt forest. Stocking, density and growth of the seedling regeneration were monitored for up to 3 years after harvesting and regeneration treatments were applied from 1998 to 2007. The treatments were clearfell with understorey islands, a patchfell, stripfell, dispersed retention, aggregated retention, and single-tree/small-group selection. High intensity burning, low intensity burning and no burning were variously applied as part of these treatments. The nature of the seedbed in each coupe was related to the harvesting and regeneration treatment. Where high intensity burns were applied there was a higher proportion of burnt seedbed available than in coupes where low intensity burns were applied. The highest seedling densities and fastest early seedling growth rates occurred on the hottest burnt seedbeds. The lowest seedling densities occurred on unburnt and undisturbed seedbeds and the slowest early growth rates occurred on unburnt and compacted seedbeds. Treatments that created the most burnt seedbed had the highest seedling densities and the fastest seedling growth. Aggregated retention is considered the most promising alternative to clearfelling. Because high intensity burns as applied to clearfell burn and sow coupes cannot be conducted in aggregated retention coupes as they would probably burn the aggregates, the lower proportion of burnt seedbed will, on average, result in lower seedling density and growth, and may compromise longer term productivity compared to clearfelled and high intensity-burnt coupes. If aggregated retention is to be successfully applied, as measured by the density and height growth of the regeneration, finding ways of successfully and consistently burning such coupes post-harvesting will be essential. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Neyland, M AU - Hickey, J AU - Beadle, C AU - Bauhus, J AU - Davidson, N AU - Edwards, L AD - GPO Box 207, Hobart, Tasmania 7008, Australia, mark.neyland@forestrytas.com.au Y1 - 2009/07/30/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 30 SP - 481 EP - 494 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 258 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Burns KW - Growth rate KW - Silviculture KW - Stocking KW - Forests KW - Seedlings KW - Burning KW - Harvesting KW - Eucalyptus KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20067442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=An+examination+of+stocking+and+early+growth+in+the+Warra+silvicultural+systems+trial+confirms+the+importance+of+a+burnt+seedbed+for+vigorous+regeneration+in+Eucalyptus+obliqua+forest&rft.au=Neyland%2C+M%3BHickey%2C+J%3BBeadle%2C+C%3BBauhus%2C+J%3BDavidson%2C+N%3BEdwards%2C+L&rft.aulast=Neyland&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2008.10.039 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Burns; Silviculture; Stocking; Forests; Seedlings; Burning; Harvesting; Eucalyptus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.039 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Gun Trafficking and the Southwest Border AN - 58847166; 2008-407096 AB - The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is the lead federal agency responsible for stopping the illegal flow of firearms, or gun trafficking, from the US to Mexico. This report includes legal analyses of three ATF-investigated, Southwest border gun trafficking cases to illustrate the federal statutes typically violated; examines anti-gun trafficking proposals; and offers policy questions regarding the magnitude of Southwest border gun trafficking, the use and significance of ATF crime gun trace data, the possible ratification of an Inter-American Gun Trafficking Convention, and the adequacy of the federal statutes designed to deter and reduce illegal gun trafficking. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 29 2009, 27 pp. AU - Chu, Vivian S AU - Krouse, William J Y1 - 2009/07/29/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 29 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Military and defense policy - Military equipment and weapons KW - Administration of justice - Crime and criminals KW - Government - Nation state KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Chemical industries KW - United States KW - Mexico KW - Western states KW - Firearms KW - Border areas KW - Explosives KW - Smuggling KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58847166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Chu%2C+Vivian+S%3BKrouse%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Chu&rft.aufirst=Vivian&rft.date=2009-07-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Gun+Trafficking+and+the+Southwest+Border&rft.title=Gun+Trafficking+and+the+Southwest+Border&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40733_20090729.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40733 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Health Care Reform: An Introduction AN - 58834690; 2008-396846 AB - Health care reform is a major issue in the 111th Congress, driven by growing concern about millions of people without insurance coverage, continual increases in cost and spending, and quality shortcomings. Commonly cited figures indicate that more than 45 million people have no insurance, which can limit their access to care and ability to pay for the care they receive; costs are rising for nearly everyone; and the country now likely spends over 2.5 trillion dollars, more than 17% of gross domestic product (GDP), on health care services and products, far more than other industrialized countries. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 29 2009, 18 pp. AU - Lyke, Bob Y1 - 2009/07/29/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 29 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Health conditions and policy - Health and health policy KW - Health conditions and policy - Medicine and health care KW - Banking and public and private finance - Public finance KW - Business and service sector - Insurance KW - United States Congress KW - Uninsured persons KW - Health insurance KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Health policy KW - Medical service KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58834690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Lyke%2C+Bob&rft.aulast=Lyke&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.date=2009-07-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Health+Care+Reform%3A+An+Introduction&rft.title=Health+Care+Reform%3A+An+Introduction&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40517_20090729.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-02 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40517 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Air Force C-17 Aircraft Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress AN - 58825508; 2008-407097 AB - Procurement of C-17 airlift aircraft began in FY1988, and a total of 213 have been procured through FY2009, including 8 that were procured in the recently enacted FY2009 supplemental appropriations act (H.R. 2346/P.L. 111-32 of June 24, 2009). The Administration's proposed FY2010 defense budget proposes to end C-17 procurement and does not request any funding for the procurement of additional C-17s: The Administration argues that enough C-17s have now been procured to meet future operational needs while supporters of procuring additional C-17s in FY2010 believe additional C-17s will be needed. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 28 2009, 24 pp. AU - O'Rourke, Ronald Y1 - 2009/07/28/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 28 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Military and defense policy - Military equipment and weapons KW - United States Congress KW - Purchasing, Military and naval KW - Appropriations and expenditures KW - Airplanes, Military KW - United States Air force KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58825508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Rourke%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2009-07-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Air+Force+C-17+Aircraft+Procurement%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.title=Air+Force+C-17+Aircraft+Procurement%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22763_20090728.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RS22763 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Private Health Insurance Provisions of H.R. 3200 AN - 58834109; 2008-396847 AB - This report summarizes key provisions affecting private health insurance in H.R. 3200, America's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009, as reported by House Committees on Education and Labor and on Ways and Means. Specifically, this report focuses on Division A (or I) of H.R. 3200 from those committees which focuses on reducing the number of uninsured, restructuring the private health insurance market, setting minimum standards for health benefits, and providing financial assistance to certain individuals and, in some cases, small employers. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 27 2009, 16 pp. AU - Chaikind, Hinda AU - Fernandez, Bernadette AU - Peterson, Chris L AU - Morgan, Paulette C Y1 - 2009/07/27/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 27 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - Business and service sector - Insurance KW - Health conditions and policy - Health and health policy KW - United States Congress KW - Health insurance KW - Standards KW - Legislation KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58834109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Chaikind%2C+Hinda%3BFernandez%2C+Bernadette%3BPeterson%2C+Chris+L%3BMorgan%2C+Paulette+C&rft.aulast=Chaikind&rft.aufirst=Hinda&rft.date=2009-07-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Private+Health+Insurance+Provisions+of+H.R.+3200&rft.title=Private+Health+Insurance+Provisions+of+H.R.+3200&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40724_20090727.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-02 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40724 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Greenhouse Gas Legislation: Summary and Analysis of H.R. 2454 as Passed by the House of Representatives AN - 58826184; 2008-407155 AB - H.R. 2454, the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009, was introduced May 15, 2009, by Representatives Waxman and Markey, and was subsequently modified (both technical and substantive changes) and ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on May 21, 2009. The bill was reported (amended) June 5 (H.Rept. 111-137, Part I) and passed in the House on June 26, 2009, by a recorded vote of 219-212. This report describes the provisions of H.R. 2454. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 27 2009, 153 pp. AU - Holt, Mark AU - Whitney, Gene Y1 - 2009/07/27/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 27 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Environment and environmental policy - Ecology and environmental policy KW - Environment and environmental policy - Pollution and environmental degradation KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - United States Congress KW - Air pollution KW - Environmental policy KW - Legislation KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58826184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Holt%2C+Mark%3BWhitney%2C+Gene&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2009-07-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Greenhouse+Gas+Legislation%3A+Summary+and+Analysis+of+H.R.+2454+as+Passed+by+the+House+of+Representatives&rft.title=Greenhouse+Gas+Legislation%3A+Summary+and+Analysis+of+H.R.+2454+as+Passed+by+the+House+of+Representatives&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40643_20090727.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40643 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations AN - 58838651; 2008-407098 AB - This report provides an overview of Jordanian politics and current issues in US-Jordanian relations. It provides a brief discussion of Jordan's government and economy and of its cooperation in promoting Arab-Israeli peace and other US policy objectives in the Middle East. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 24 2009, 25 pp. AU - Sharp, Jeremy M Y1 - 2009/07/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 24 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - International relations KW - International relations - International peace and security KW - United States KW - Jordan KW - Government and politics KW - Peace KW - Regional security KW - Foreign relations KW - Middle East KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58838651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Sharp%2C+Jeremy+M&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2009-07-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Jordan%3A+Background+and+U.S.+Relations&rft.title=Jordan%3A+Background+and+U.S.+Relations&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33546_20090724.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL33546 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Federal Protective Service and Contract Security Guards: A Statutory History and Current Status AN - 58818201; 2008-407099 AB - The Federal Protective Service (FPS) -- within US Immigration Customs Enforcement (ICE) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) -- is responsible for protecting federal government property, personnel, visitors, and customers, including property leased by the General Services Administration (GSA). The 110th Congress enacted P.L. 110-356 (the Federal Protective Service Guard Contracting Reform Act of 2008) which addressed awarding federal contracts to privately owned contract security guard businesses; and the Administration's FY2010 budget request proposes transferring FPS from ICE to the National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD) within DHS, which the House- and Senate-passed versions of H.R. 2892 support. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 24 2009, 5 pp. AU - Reese, Shawn Y1 - 2009/07/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 24 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Law and ethics - Citizenship, immigration, and immigration law and policy KW - Administration of justice - Police and law enforcement KW - Business and service sector - Entrepreneurs, executives, business personnel, and occupations KW - Government - Internal security KW - Government - Nation state KW - Immigration policy KW - United States Homeland security department KW - Security guards KW - Law enforcement KW - Border areas KW - Internal security KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58818201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Reese%2C+Shawn&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft.date=2009-07-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Federal+Protective+Service+and+Contract+Security+Guards%3A+A+Statutory+History+and+Current+Status&rft.title=The+Federal+Protective+Service+and+Contract+Security+Guards%3A+A+Statutory+History+and+Current+Status&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22706_20090724.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RS22706 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Post Office and Retail Postal Facility Closures: Overview and Issues for Congress AN - 58834525; 2008-396833 AB - The US Postal Service (USPS) announced in May 2009 that it was considering the closure of 3,105 or more of its 4,851 post office branches and stations. This report provides (1) information on this recent announcement; (2) historical data on the number of post offices and other retail postal facilities; (3) an explanation of the legal authorities relevant to retail postal facility closures; (4) a review of the retail postal facility closure processes and H.R. 658's proposed alterations to the processes; and (5) a concluding discussion that suggests observations and possible issues for Congress. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 23 2009, 16 pp. AU - Kosar, Kevin R Y1 - 2009/07/23/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 23 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Mail service KW - Banking and public and private finance - Public finance KW - Government - Public administration KW - United States Congress KW - Public services KW - Postal service KW - Budget, Government KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58834525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kosar%2C+Kevin+R&rft.aulast=Kosar&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2009-07-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Post+Office+and+Retail+Postal+Facility+Closures%3A+Overview+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.title=Post+Office+and+Retail+Postal+Facility+Closures%3A+Overview+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40719_20090723.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-02 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40719 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress AN - 58825037; 2008-407100 AB - The Administration's FY2010 defense budget proposes to end the procurement of DDG-1000 (Zumwalt) class destroyers with the third ship, which was authorized and partially funded in FY2009, and to restart procurement DDG-51 (Arleigh Burke) class Aegis destroyers, which were last procured in FY2005. The Administration's budget is consistent with a proposal for stopping DDG-1000 procurement and restarting DDG-51 procurement that the Navy announced in July 2008; however, the Navy's plans for destroyer procurement in FY2012 and beyond are somewhat unclear. Tables, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 23 2009, 34 pp. AU - O'Rourke, Ronald Y1 - 2009/07/23/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 23 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Maritime and inland water transport KW - United States Congress KW - Ships KW - Purchasing, Military and naval KW - United States Navy KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58825037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Rourke%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2009-07-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Navy+DDG-51+and+DDG-1000+Destroyer+Programs%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.title=Navy+DDG-51+and+DDG-1000+Destroyer+Programs%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL32109_20090723.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL32109 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Issues Regarding a National Land Parcel Database AN - 58846273; 2008-396834 AB - The federal government's efforts to coordinate its geospatial activities, through the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) and the development of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), include a strong emphasis on land parcel data. As explored in this report, land parcel databases (or cadastres) describe the rights, interests, and value of property; and ownership of land parcels is an important part of the legal, financial, and real estate system of a society. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 22 2009, 12 pp. AU - Folger, Peter Y1 - 2009/07/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 22 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Environment and environmental policy - Ecology and environmental policy KW - Science and technology policy - Computer science and information technology KW - Government - Forms of government KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - Infrastructure KW - United States KW - Federal government KW - Data base systems KW - Land KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58846273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Folger%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Folger&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2009-07-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Issues+Regarding+a+National+Land+Parcel+Database&rft.title=Issues+Regarding+a+National+Land+Parcel+Database&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40717_20090722.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-02 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40717 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Navy F/A-18E/F and EA-18G Aircraft Procurement and Strike Fighter Shortfall: Background and Issues for Congress AN - 58841924; 2008-396835 AB - The Navy has been procuring F/A-18E/F Super Hornet strike fighters since FY1997, and the Navy in FY2006 also began procuring the EA-18G Growler, an electronic attack (ie, electronic warfare) version of the Super Hornet. Super Hornets and Growlers were procured in FY2005-FY2009 under a multiyear procurement (MYP) arrangement; and this report explores the Navy's proposed FY2010 budget requests about 1.0 billion dollars for the procurement of nine F/A-18E/Fs and about 1.6 billion dollars for the procurement of 22 EA-18Gs, among other options. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 22 2009, 31 pp. AU - O'Rourke, Ronald Y1 - 2009/07/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 22 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Military and defense policy - Military equipment and weapons KW - Banking and public and private finance - Public finance KW - United States Congress KW - Purchasing, Military and naval KW - United States Navy KW - Airplanes, Military KW - Budget, Government KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58841924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Rourke%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2009-07-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Navy+F%2FA-18E%2FF+and+EA-18G+Aircraft+Procurement+and+Strike+Fighter+Shortfall%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.title=Navy+F%2FA-18E%2FF+and+EA-18G+Aircraft+Procurement+and+Strike+Fighter+Shortfall%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30624_20090722.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-02 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R30624 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Defense Base Act (DBA): The Federally Mandated Workers' Compensation System for Overseas Government Contractors AN - 58837897; 2008-407104 AB - The Defense Base Act (DBA), which mandates that federal contractors provide workers' compensation insurance for their employees, has become costly with increased operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. As the federal government usually reimburses its contractors for their DBA premiums, this report provides an overview of the DBA and the systems used to provide DBA insurance, criticisms of the current Department of Defense DBA policy raised by the Government Accountability Office and Army auditors, responses to those criticisms, and a discussion of several DBA reform options suggested by the House of Representatives in recent legislation. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 22 2009, 26 pp. AU - Grasso, Valerie Bailey AU - Webel, Baird AU - Szymendera, Scott Y1 - 2009/07/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 22 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Military and defense policy - Military bases and facilities KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Building and construction KW - Labor conditions and policy - Labor conditions, wages, salaries, and benefits KW - Business and service sector - Insurance KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - United States Congress KW - Workers' compensation KW - United States KW - Contractors KW - Employees' benefit plans KW - Insurance KW - Legislation KW - Military bases KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58837897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Grasso%2C+Valerie+Bailey%3BWebel%2C+Baird%3BSzymendera%2C+Scott&rft.aulast=Grasso&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft.date=2009-07-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Defense+Base+Act+%28DBA%29%3A+The+Federally+Mandated+Workers%27+Compensation+System+for+Overseas+Government+Contractors&rft.title=The+Defense+Base+Act+%28DBA%29%3A+The+Federally+Mandated+Workers%27+Compensation+System+for+Overseas+Government+Contractors&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34670_20090722.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RL34670 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Inherently Governmental Functions and Department of Defense Operations: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress AN - 58827623; 2008-407103 AB - An "inherently governmental function" is one that must be performed by federal government employees and cannot be contracted out because it is "intimately related to the public interest," -- yet multiple and/or inconsistent definitions have guided federal agencies' decisions. Congress may choose to (1) rely upon recent statutory changes and/or the policies of the Obama Administration, which proposes limiting contracting out; (2) change the existing definition; (3) place limits on contracting out; (4) address contributing structural factors; (5) provide for more effective oversight of executive branch contracting decisions; and/or (6) focus more on what the government should perform than on contracting law. Tables, Figures, Appendixes. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 22 2009, 57 pp. AU - Luckey, John R AU - Grasso, Valerie Bailey AU - Manuel, Kate M Y1 - 2009/07/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 22 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Military and defense policy - National defense KW - Military and defense policy - Military planning, strategy, and operations KW - Military and defense policy - Military policy KW - Government - Internal security KW - Politics - Politics and policy-making KW - Law and ethics - Criminal law KW - Obama, Barack KW - Public interest KW - Defense contracts KW - Military operations KW - Surveillance KW - Internal security KW - United States Defense department KW - National defense KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58827623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Luckey%2C+John+R%3BGrasso%2C+Valerie+Bailey%3BManuel%2C+Kate+M&rft.aulast=Luckey&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2009-07-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Inherently+Governmental+Functions+and+Department+of+Defense+Operations%3A+Background%2C+Issues%2C+and+Options+for+Congress&rft.title=Inherently+Governmental+Functions+and+Department+of+Defense+Operations%3A+Background%2C+Issues%2C+and+Options+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40641_20090722.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40641 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Navy Aegis Cruiser and Destroyer Modernization: Background and Issues for Congress AN - 58821865; 2008-407102 AB - The Navy has begun a program modernize its 84 existing Aegis cruisers and destroyers over a period of more than 20 years to ensure that the ships can be operated cost-effectively throughout their entire 35-year intended service lives. The program's estimated total cost is about 16.6 billion dollars in constant FY2010 dollars, and the Navy's proposed FY2010 budget requests 674.8 million dollars in funding Aegis ship modernization. The program poses several potential oversight issues for Congress, including which shipyards should perform the work and how the modernization program fits into the Navy's larger plans. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 22 2009, 8 pp. AU - O'Rourke, Ronald Y1 - 2009/07/22/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 22 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Maritime and inland water transport KW - Government - Public administration KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic theory KW - Banking and public and private finance - Public finance KW - Law and ethics - Criminal law KW - Government - Internal security KW - Cost KW - Ships KW - United States Congress KW - Efficiency, Administrative KW - Purchasing, Military and naval KW - United States Navy KW - Budget, Government KW - Surveillance KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58821865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Rourke%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2009-07-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Navy+Aegis+Cruiser+and+Destroyer+Modernization%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.title=Navy+Aegis+Cruiser+and+Destroyer+Modernization%3A+Background+and+Issues+for+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22595_20090722.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RS22595 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural history of the slaty grey snake (Stegonotus cucullatus) (Serpentes : Colubridae) from tropical north Queensland, Australia AN - 860374342; 13811296 AB - Slaty grey snakes (Stegonotus cucullatus) are medium to large members of the Colubridae that are common throughout the eastern and northern tropics of Australia. Although intensive field studies have been conducted on populations in the Northern Territory for over 10 years, no ecological data have been presented on free-ranging specimens of populations inhabiting tropical north Queensland. During a 10-year period we collected opportunistic data on 120 free-ranging specimens from the seasonally Wet Tropics in north Queensland. These snakes provided data on body sizes, activity times, food habits and reproduction. Male S. cucullatus were larger than females and had larger heads. More snakes were found during the warmer, humid parts of the year (wet season). S. cucullatus ate a wide range of vertebrate prey, including reptile eggs that were obtained seasonally. Females produced one clutch per year, and no relationship was found between maternal snout-vent length and clutch size. JF - Australian Journal of Zoology AU - Trembath, Dane F AU - Fearn, Simon AU - Undheim, Eivind Andreas Baste AD - Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, GPO Box 4646, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia, dane.trembath@nt.gov.au Y1 - 2009/07/21/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 21 SP - 119 EP - 124 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0004-959X, 0004-959X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - clutch size KW - Heads KW - Data processing KW - Colubridae KW - Serpentes KW - Body size KW - Reproduction KW - Territory KW - Food preferences KW - Prey KW - Eggs KW - Y 25020:Territory, Reproduction and Sociality KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860374342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Natural+history+of+the+slaty+grey+snake+%28Stegonotus+cucullatus%29+%28Serpentes+%3A+Colubridae%29+from+tropical+north+Queensland%2C+Australia&rft.au=Trembath%2C+Dane+F%3BFearn%2C+Simon%3BUndheim%2C+Eivind+Andreas+Baste&rft.aulast=Trembath&rft.aufirst=Dane&rft.date=2009-07-21&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.issn=0004959X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FZO08091 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heads; clutch size; Data processing; Body size; Territory; Reproduction; Food preferences; Eggs; Prey; Serpentes; Colubridae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ZO08091 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Peru: Current Conditions and U.S. Relations AN - 58837493; 2008-396836 AB - Peru shows promising signs of economic and political stability and the inclination to work with the US on mutual concerns. President Alan Garcia is, however, facing challenging times during this, the third year of his five-year term, with widespread social unrest increasing as growing inflation combines with unmet expectations that social conditions for Peru's poorest citizens would improve with Peru's economic growth. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 21 2009, 14 pp. AU - Taft-Morales, Maureen Y1 - 2009/07/21/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 21 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - International relations - International relations KW - Government - Internal security KW - Government - Public officials KW - Social conditions and policy - Social conditions and problems KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - United States KW - Garcia Perez, Alan KW - Social conditions KW - Presidents KW - Economic development KW - Inflation KW - Peru KW - Government and politics KW - Foreign relations KW - Internal security KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58837493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Taft-Morales%2C+Maureen&rft.aulast=Taft-Morales&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.date=2009-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Peru%3A+Current+Conditions+and+U.S.+Relations&rft.title=Peru%3A+Current+Conditions+and+U.S.+Relations&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40716_20090721.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-02 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40716 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Nuclear Cooperation with Other Countries: A Primer AN - 58828459; 2008-407145 AB - In order for the US to engage in civilian nuclear cooperation with other states, it must conclude a framework agreement that meets specific requirements under section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act (AEA). The AEA also provides for exemptions to these requirements, export control licensing procedures, criteria for terminating cooperation, Congressional review for section 123 agreements, and special parliamentary procedures by which Congress may act on a proposed agreement. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 21 2009, 6 pp. AU - Kerr, Paul K AU - Nikitin, Mary Beth Y1 - 2009/07/21/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 21 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Military and defense policy - Military equipment and weapons KW - International relations - International peace and security KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - International relations - International relations KW - United States Congress KW - Atomic weapons KW - International cooperation KW - Nuclear nonproliferation KW - Legislation KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58828459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kerr%2C+Paul+K%3BNikitin%2C+Mary+Beth&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2009-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Cooperation+with+Other+Countries%3A+A+Primer&rft.title=Nuclear+Cooperation+with+Other+Countries%3A+A+Primer&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22937_20090721.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, RS22937 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Chile: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations AN - 58823323; 2008-407144 AB - Following a violent coup against democratically elected Marxist President Salvador Allende in 1973, Chile experienced 17 years of military rule under General Augusto Pinochet before reestablishing its elected civilian democracy in 1990 -- A center-left coalition of parties known as the Concertacion has governed Chile for the nearly two decades since the end of the dictatorship. Chile has enjoyed close relations with the US since its transition back to democracy; and this report provides a brief historical background of Chile, examines recent political and economic developments, and addresses issues in US-Chilean relations. Tables, Figures. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 21 2009, 13 pp. AU - Meyers, Peter J Y1 - 2009/07/21/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 21 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - International relations - International relations KW - Government - Forms of government KW - Politics - Political ideologies and movements KW - United States KW - Allende Gossens, Salvador, 1908-73 KW - Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto KW - Dictatorship KW - Democracy KW - Government and politics KW - Chile KW - Economic conditions KW - Foreign relations KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58823323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Meyers%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2009-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Chile%3A+Political+and+Economic+Conditions+and+U.S.+Relations&rft.title=Chile%3A+Political+and+Economic+Conditions+and+U.S.+Relations&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40126_20090721.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40126 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Unified Agenda: Implications for Rulemaking Transparency and Participation AN - 925720192; 2011-181223 AB - The Obama Administration has launched an initiative to make the policymaking process more open and transparent and has asked for comments from the public on how to improve the rulemaking process. The Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions (Unified Agenda) arguably provides federal agencies with the most systematic, government-wide method to alert the public about their upcoming proposed rules; however, in a CRS study, there were no "proposed rule" Unified Agenda entries for about one-quarter of the proposed rules before they were published in the Federal Register. Tables, Figures. JF - Federation of American Scientists, Jul 20 2009, 18 pp. AU - Copeland, Curtis W Y1 - 2009/07/20/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 20 PB - Federation of American Scientists KW - Government - Public officials KW - Human rights - Civil and political rights KW - Politics - Politics and policy-making KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - Obama, Barack KW - Deregulation KW - Freedom of information KW - Presidents KW - Public interest KW - Government and politics KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/925720192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Copeland%2C+Curtis+W&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rft.date=2009-07-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Unified+Agenda%3A+Implications+for+Rulemaking+Transparency+and+Participation&rft.title=The+Unified+Agenda%3A+Implications+for+Rulemaking+Transparency+and+Participation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/R40713.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Publication note - Federation of American Scientists, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40713 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Waste, Fraud, and Abuse in Agency Travel Card Programs AN - 58833353; 2008-396837 AB - Since the enactment of the Travel and Transportation Reform Act (TTRA) of 1998 (P.L. 105- 264), which required federal employees to use travel charge cards to pay for the expenses of official government travel, the dollar volume of travel card transactions has increased significantly. This report discusses the structure of agency travel card programs; examines the weaknesses in agency controls contributing to waste, fraud, and abuse; describes relevant legislation, including the Government Charge Card Abuse Prevention Act of 2009 (H.R. 2189 and S. 942); and provides observations on the information available to Congress for oversight of agency travel card programs. Tables. JF - Congressional Research Reports for the People, Jul 20 2009, 11 pp. AU - Hatch, Garrett Y1 - 2009/07/20/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 20 PB - Congressional Research Reports for the People KW - Government - Forms of government KW - Government - Government employees KW - Business and service sector - Hospitality and tourism business KW - Law and ethics - Commercial law KW - Administration of justice - Crime and criminals KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic theory KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - Law and ethics - Criminal law KW - Government - Internal security KW - Cost KW - United States Congress KW - Travel KW - Government employees KW - Federal government KW - Fraud KW - Surveillance KW - Legislation KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58833353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Hatch%2C+Garrett&rft.aulast=Hatch&rft.aufirst=Garrett&rft.date=2009-07-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Waste%2C+Fraud%2C+and+Abuse+in+Agency+Travel+Card+Programs&rft.title=Waste%2C+Fraud%2C+and+Abuse+in+Agency+Travel+Card+Programs&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40580_20090720.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-02 N1 - Publication note - Congressional Research Reports for the People, 2009 N1 - SuppNotes - CRS Report for Congress, R40580 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress AN - 58821908; 2008-407147 AB - The Navy is procuring a new type of surface combatant called the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS), a small, fast, relatively inexpensive combat ship that is to be equipped with modular "plug-and-fight" mission packages. The Navy wants to procure a total of 55 LCSs; and the issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify the Navy's plans for the LCS program in light of concerns over cost growth, total program acquisition cost, the procurement cost cap, technical risk, operational evaluation and competition for production, a proposed common combat system, and coordination of s