TY - CPAPER T1 - Milk production in Brahman, Angus, and reciprocal-cross cows grazing common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue AN - 42285729; 3186152 AU - Brown, MA AU - Brown, AH Jr AU - Jackson, W G AU - Miesner, J R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42285729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Milk+production+in+Brahman%2C+Angus%2C+and+reciprocal-cross+cows+grazing+common+bermudagrass+or+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue&rft.au=Brown%2C+MA%3BBrown%2C+AH+Jr%3BJackson%2C+W+G%3BMiesner%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Animal Science, 1111 North Dunlap Ave., Savoy, IL 61874, Abstracts available. 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N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Seasonal variation in crop canopy aerodynamic parameters AN - 42251203; 3162108 AU - Meek, D W AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Prueger, J H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 6500:Mathematics and Computer Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42251203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Seasonal+variation+in+crop+canopy+aerodynamic+parameters&rft.au=Meek%2C+D+W%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BPrueger%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Meek&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Department of Statistics, Dickens Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, Full papers available in February 1996. 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N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Horticultural germplasm maintained at the western regional plant introduction station AN - 42216799; 3150615 AU - Hannan, R M AU - Simon, C J AU - Clark, R L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42216799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Horticultural+germplasm+maintained+at+the+western+regional+plant+introduction+station&rft.au=Hannan%2C+R+M%3BSimon%2C+C+J%3BClark%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hannan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Horticultural Science, 113 S. 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Paper No. 480 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New blossom thinners for stone fruits AN - 42211962; 3150740 AU - Williams, M W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42211962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+blossom+thinners+for+stone+fruits&rft.au=Williams%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Horticultural Science, 113 S. West Street, Suite 400, Alexandria, VA 22314-2824, Abstracts available. 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Paper No. 605 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic variability in highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L., for resistance to the blighting phase of mummyberry, Monilinia vaccini-corymbosii AN - 42209371; 3150148 AU - Ehlenfeldt, M K AU - Brewster, V AU - Stretch, A W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42209371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+variability+in+highbush+blueberry%2C+Vaccinium+corymbosum+L.%2C+for+resistance+to+the+blighting+phase+of+mummyberry%2C+Monilinia+vaccini-corymbosii&rft.au=Ehlenfeldt%2C+M+K%3BBrewster%2C+V%3BStretch%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Ehlenfeldt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Horticultural Science, 113 S. 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Paper No. 009 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cloning of two beta -glucosidase genes from the yeast Candida wickerhamii AN - 42010660; 3104174 AU - Skory, C D AU - Freer, S N Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42010660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cloning+of+two+beta+-glucosidase+genes+from+the+yeast+Candida+wickerhamii&rft.au=Skory%2C+C+D%3BFreer%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Poster Paper No. O63 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Den sites of Glaucomys sabrinus in the Pacific northwest AN - 41993369; 3088297 AU - Wilson, T M AU - Carey, AB Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41993369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Den+sites+of+Glaucomys+sabrinus+in+the+Pacific+northwest&rft.au=Wilson%2C+T+M%3BCarey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Washington State University Press, Cooper Publications Building, Pullman, WA 99164-5910, Abstracts available.. Paper No. 183 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Representing the changing geography of U.S. metropolitan settlement AN - 41986604; 3088654 AU - Cromartie, J B AU - Swanson, L L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:GEOSCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41986604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Representing+the+changing+geography+of+U.S.+metropolitan+settlement&rft.au=Cromartie%2C+J+B%3BSwanson%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Cromartie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association of American Geographers, 1710 Sixteenth St., NW, Washington, DC 20009-3198 phone: (202) 234-1450. fax: (202) 234-2744, Abstracts available. 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Telephone: (202) 628-1500; Fax: (202) 628-1509; Internet: AIBSWUVM.EDU, Abstracts Poster Paper No. BSA 2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the major outer capsid protein of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 AN - 41910461; 3041950 AU - Cheney, I W AU - Wilson, W C AU - Mecham, JO Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41910461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning+and+characterization+of+the+gene+encoding+the+major+outer+capsid+protein+of+epizootic+hemorrhagic+disease+virus+serotype+2&rft.au=Cheney%2C+I+W%3BWilson%2C+W+C%3BMecham%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Cheney&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Virology, Abstracts Paper No. 7-7 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Transformation of plum (Prumus domestica L.) with potyvirus coat protein genes and the reaction of transgenic plants to inoculation with plum pox virus AN - 41876122; 2986524 AU - Scorza, R AU - Levy, L AU - Damsteegt, V AU - Yepes, M AU - Cordts, J AU - Haddidi, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41876122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+plum+%28Prumus+domestica+L.%29+with+potyvirus+coat+protein+genes+and+the+reaction+of+transgenic+plants+to+inoculation+with+plum+pox+virus&rft.au=Scorza%2C+R%3BLevy%2C+L%3BDamsteegt%2C+V%3BYepes%2C+M%3BCordts%2C+J%3BHaddidi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Scorza&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASHS113 South West Street, Suite 400, Alexandria, VA 22314-2824, USA; Telephone: (703) 836-4606; Fax: (703) 836-2024, Abstracts, HortScience, Volume 28, Number 5, May 1993, ISSN: 0003-1062 Paper No. 436 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing the movement of agricultural chemicals through the soil profile at the Ohio management systems evaluation area AN - 41860276; 2940024 AU - Workman AU - Ward, AD AU - Knisel, W G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:GEOSCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41860276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+movement+of+agricultural+chemicals+through+the+soil+profile+at+the+Ohio+management+systems+evaluation+area&rft.au=Workman%3BWard%2C+AD%3BKnisel%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Workman&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: AIH, 3416 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414-3328, USA; 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Telephone: (301) 530-7027, Paper No. 167 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mycopesticides: Status and prospects AN - 41782058; 2820139 AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AU - Alexander, N J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41782058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mycopesticides%3A+Status+and+prospects&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C%3BAlexander%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: SIM, P.O. 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Telephone: (412) 367-3003. Fax: (412) 367-4373., Proceedings Paper No. Ia2.12 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Historical and future development of fire policy AN - 41724248; 2708531 AU - Philpot, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41724248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Historical+and+future+development+of+fire+policy&rft.au=Philpot%2C+C&rft.aulast=Philpot&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: J.D. 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Fax: (301) 279-2996., Abstracts, Plant Physiology, Supplement, May 1991, Volume 96, Number 1 Paper No. 216 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Polygalacturonase activity in fruit of anthracnose-resistant and -susceptible tomato lines AN - 41673375; 2587126 AU - Stommel, J R AU - Gross, K C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41673375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Polygalacturonase+activity+in+fruit+of+anthracnose-resistant+and+-susceptible+tomato+lines&rft.au=Stommel%2C+J+R%3BGross%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Stommel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASHS, 113 South West St., Suite 400, Alexandria, VA 22314-2824, USA. Telephone: (703) 836-4606., Abstracts, HortScience, Volume 26, Number 6, June 1991, ISSN: 0018-5345, $7.50 Paper No. 526 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - ABA-induced quiescence of sweetpotato in vitro AN - 41665923; 2586829 AU - Jarret, R L AU - Gawel, N Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41665923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=ABA-induced+quiescence+of+sweetpotato+in+vitro&rft.au=Jarret%2C+R+L%3BGawel%2C+N&rft.aulast=Jarret&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASHS, 113 South West St., Suite 400, Alexandria, VA 22314-2824, USA. Telephone: (703) 836-4606., Abstracts, HortScience, Volume 26, Number 6, June 1991, ISSN: 0018-5345, $7.50 Poster Paper No. 405 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Interactive effects of non-optimal temperatures and exogenous calcium on photosynthetic cotton seedlings AN - 41656797; 2581750 AU - Bradow, J M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41656797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Interactive+effects+of+non-optimal+temperatures+and+exogenous+calcium+on+photosynthetic+cotton+seedlings&rft.au=Bradow%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Bradow&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASPP, 15501 Monona Drive, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. 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Fax: (301) 279-2996., Abstracts, Plant Physiology, Supplement, May 1991, Volume 96, Number 1 Poster Paper No. 401 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fatty acyl selectivity of the oat ( sub(Avena sativa) L.) seed lipase AN - 41655283; 2583161 AU - Piazza, G J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41655283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fatty+acyl+selectivity+of+the+oat+%28+sub%28Avena+sativa%29+L.%29+seed+lipase&rft.au=Piazza%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Piazza&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASPP, 15501 Monona Drive, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. 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Fax: (301) 279-2996., Abstracts, Plant Physiology, Supplement, May 1991, Volume 96, Number 1 Poster Paper No. 583 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of leaf P concentration on seed yield, leaf senescence, and nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation AN - 41645249; 2584659 AU - Crafts-Brandner, S J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41645249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+leaf+P+concentration+on+seed+yield%2C+leaf+senescence%2C+and+nonstructural+carbohydrate+accumulation&rft.au=Crafts-Brandner%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Crafts-Brandner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASPP, 15501 Monona Drive, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. 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Fax: (301) 279-2996., Abstracts, Plant Physiology, Supplement, May 1991, Volume 96, Number 1 Poster Paper No. 976 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Inhibin subunit messenger ribonucleic acids and inhibin alpha subunit immunoactivity in porcine follicles AN - 41629341; 2594871 AU - Guthrie, H D AU - Rohan, R M AU - Rexroad, CE Jr AU - Cooper, B S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41629341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Inhibin+subunit+messenger+ribonucleic+acids+and+inhibin+alpha+subunit+immunoactivity+in+porcine+follicles&rft.au=Guthrie%2C+H+D%3BRohan%2C+R+M%3BRexroad%2C+CE+Jr%3BCooper%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Guthrie&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for the Study of Reproduction, 309 W. 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Fax: (217) 398-4119., Biology of Reproduction, ISSN: 0006-3363, Supplement Number 1, Volume 44 Poster Paper No. 59 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Electron paramagnetic resonance study of oxygen-centered free radicals in healthy plants AN - 41627231; 2581599 AU - Jacks, T AU - Hinojosa, O AU - Cleveland, T AU - Thibodeaux, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41627231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Electron+paramagnetic+resonance+study+of+oxygen-centered+free+radicals+in+healthy+plants&rft.au=Jacks%2C+T%3BHinojosa%2C+O%3BCleveland%2C+T%3BThibodeaux%2C+D&rft.aulast=Jacks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASPP, 15501 Monona Drive, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. 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Fax: (301) 279-2996., Abstracts, Plant Physiology, Supplement, May 1991, Volume 96, Number 1 Poster Paper No. 370 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Long-term memory of body weight and past weight satisfaction: A longitudinal study follow-up AN - 41622760; 2510686 AU - Casey, V A AU - Dwyer, J T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41622760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Long-term+memory+of+body+weight+and+past+weight+satisfaction%3A+A+longitudinal+study+follow-up&rft.au=Casey%2C+V+A%3BDwyer%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstracts, FASEB Journal Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of low fat, low cholesterol diet enriched in n-3 fatty acids on the immune response of humans AN - 41616885; 2522768 AU - Meydani, S N AU - Lichtenstein, AH AU - Cornwall, S AU - Rasmussen, H AU - Nerad, J AU - Dinarello, CA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41616885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+low+fat%2C+low+cholesterol+diet+enriched+in+n-3+fatty+acids+on+the+immune+response+of+humans&rft.au=Meydani%2C+S+N%3BLichtenstein%2C+AH%3BCornwall%2C+S%3BRasmussen%2C+H%3BNerad%2C+J%3BDinarello%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Meydani&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstracts, FASEB Journal N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Adrenal corticosterone and aldosterone production in obese, male and female, SHR-N/cp rats AN - 41615470; 2510642 AU - Wiesenfeld, P AU - Michaelis, O E AU - Szepesi, B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41615470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Adrenal+corticosterone+and+aldosterone+production+in+obese%2C+male+and+female%2C+SHR-N%2Fcp+rats&rft.au=Wiesenfeld%2C+P%3BMichaelis%2C+O+E%3BSzepesi%2C+B&rft.aulast=Wiesenfeld&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstracts, FASEB Journal Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Isolation of bovine kidney leucine aminopeptidase cDNA: Comparison with the lens enzyme and tissue-specific expression of two mRNAs AN - 41602475; 2484981 AU - Taylor, A AU - Wallner, B P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41602475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+bovine+kidney+leucine+aminopeptidase+cDNA%3A+Comparison+with+the+lens+enzyme+and+tissue-specific+expression+of+two+mRNAs&rft.au=Taylor%2C+A%3BWallner%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Subscription Department, 7th Floor, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158, USA, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry; Supplement 15G, 1991; ISSN: 0730-2312 Poster Paper No. CH 227 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Differences in plasma beta-carotene maintained despite similar dietary beta-carotene AN - 41602231; 2519373 AU - Mangels, A R AU - Block, G AU - Levander, O A AU - Taylor, PR AU - Morris, V C AU - Patterson, B H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41602231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differences+in+plasma+beta-carotene+maintained+despite+similar+dietary+beta-carotene&rft.au=Mangels%2C+A+R%3BBlock%2C+G%3BLevander%2C+O+A%3BTaylor%2C+PR%3BMorris%2C+V+C%3BPatterson%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Mangels&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstracts, FASEB Journal Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of brief hypoxia and hyperoxia on tissue trace element levels in the developing chick embryo AN - 41599368; 2519197 AU - Richards, M P AU - Stock, M K AU - Metcalfe, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41599368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+brief+hypoxia+and+hyperoxia+on+tissue+trace+element+levels+in+the+developing+chick+embryo&rft.au=Richards%2C+M+P%3BStock%2C+M+K%3BMetcalfe%2C+J&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstracts, FASEB Journal Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Chromium requirement is increased in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance AN - 41597309; 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2509352 AU - Varela-Moreiras, G AU - Selhub, J AU - Rosenberg, I H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41587384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Folate+deficiency+alters+tissue+folate+distribution+differentially+in+rat+tissues&rft.au=Varela-Moreiras%2C+G%3BSelhub%2C+J%3BRosenberg%2C+I+H&rft.aulast=Varela-Moreiras&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstracts, FASEB Journal N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Isozyme variation in sexually and asexually reproduced garlic AN - 41559248; 2383079 AU - Pooler, M AU - Simon, P W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41559248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Isozyme+variation+in+sexually+and+asexually+reproduced+garlic&rft.au=Pooler%2C+M%3BSimon%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Pooler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASHS, 113 South West Street, Suite 400, Alexandria, VA 22314-2824, USA, HortScience; Vol 25, No 9, Sep 1990; ISSN: 0018-5345 Paper No. 631 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Role of riparian force in water quality AN - 41558432; 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N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Progression of an MIB-induced off-flavor episode in a recirculated pond in Oklahoma AN - 41520170; 2318825 AU - Perschbacher, P W AU - Lorio, J AU - Johnsen, P B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41520170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Progression+of+an+MIB-induced+off-flavor+episode+in+a+recirculated+pond+in+Oklahoma&rft.au=Perschbacher%2C+P+W%3BLorio%2C+J%3BJohnsen%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Perschbacher&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Publication Sales and Distribution, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0R6, Canada, $25.00; DSS: NR16-19/990, ISBN: 0-660-55791-6, NRCC: 31629 Paper No. T6.5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessment of the role of the bovine major histocompatibility complex in immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes AN - 41498685; 2287779 AU - Davies, C J AU - Leighton, E A AU - Gasbarre, L C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41498685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+role+of+the+bovine+major+histocompatibility+complex+in+immunity+to+gastrointestinal+nematodes&rft.au=Davies%2C+C+J%3BLeighton%2C+E+A%3BGasbarre%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - African swine fever virus: Generation of subpopulations with altered immunogenicity and virulence following passage in cell cultures AN - 41493524; 2273665 AU - Pan, I C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41493524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=African+swine+fever+virus%3A+Generation+of+subpopulations+with+altered+immunogenicity+and+virulence+following+passage+in+cell+cultures&rft.au=Pan%2C+I+C&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Isolation of bovine neutrophil plasma membranes and partial characterization using SDS-page and western blot techniques AN - 41491648; 2353027 AU - Salgar, S K AU - Paape, MJ AU - Alston-Mills, B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41491648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+bovine+neutrophil+plasma+membranes+and+partial+characterization+using+SDS-page+and+western+blot+techniques&rft.au=Salgar%2C+S+K%3BPaape%2C+MJ%3BAlston-Mills%2C+B&rft.aulast=Salgar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Subscription Department, 7th floor, 605 Thrid Avenue, New York, NY 10158, USA, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Supplement 1, 1990, ISSN: 0741-5400 Paper No. 248 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Role of vitamin E and cortisol in the suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by maternal bovine sera AN - 41481214; 2253441 AU - Nonnecke, B AU - Todhunter, D AU - Hogan, J AU - Weiss, B AU - Smith, K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41481214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+vitamin+E+and+cortisol+in+the+suppression+of+lymphocyte+blastogenesis+induced+by+maternal+bovine+sera&rft.au=Nonnecke%2C+B%3BTodhunter%2C+D%3BHogan%2C+J%3BWeiss%2C+B%3BSmith%2C+K&rft.aulast=Nonnecke&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Real-time, aircraft based estimation of spray drift AN - 41478714; 3395788 AU - Thistle, H W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41478714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Real-time%2C+aircraft+based+estimation+of+spray+drift&rft.au=Thistle%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Thistle&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineering, Department 0121, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659, USA; phone: (616) 429-0300; fax: (616) 429-3852; email: hq@asae.org; URL: http://www.asae.org, CD-ROM of abstracts available fall 1999. 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Poster Paper No. 7-981027 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of zinc status in pigs on angiotensin converting enzyme activity and Zn in kidney and free Ca super(2+) in erythrocytes AN - 41478447; 2226790 AU - Bobilya, D J AU - Reeves, P G AU - Veum, T L AU - O'Dell, B L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41478447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+zinc+status+in+pigs+on+angiotensin+converting+enzyme+activity+and+Zn+in+kidney+and+free+Ca+super%282%2B%29+in+erythrocytes&rft.au=Bobilya%2C+D+J%3BReeves%2C+P+G%3BVeum%2C+T+L%3BO%27Dell%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Bobilya&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potential use of control release fertilizers to increase N use efficiency and conserve water quality in the San Luis Valley of Colorado AN - 41478205; 3389380 AU - Delgado, J AU - Mosier, A AU - Kunugi, A AU - Kawanabe, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5700:Marine Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41478205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Potential+use+of+control+release+fertilizers+to+increase+N+use+efficiency+and+conserve+water+quality+in+the+San+Luis+Valley+of+Colorado&rft.au=Delgado%2C+J%3BMosier%2C+A%3BKunugi%2C+A%3BKawanabe%2C+L&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Road, Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; phone: (515) 289-2331; fax: (515) 289-1227; URL: http://www.swcs.org, Abstracts available. 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Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dry borax stump applicator for use with a feller buncher AN - 41473236; 3395856 AU - Thistle, H W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41473236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dry+borax+stump+applicator+for+use+with+a+feller+buncher&rft.au=Thistle%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Thistle&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineering, Department 0121, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659, USA; phone: (616) 429-0300; fax: (616) 429-3852; email: hq@asae.org; URL: http://www.asae.org, CD-ROM of abstracts available fall 1999. 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Paper No. 987023 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Taiga forest stands and SAR monitoring for sub-arctic global change AN - 41472840; 2279202 AU - Viereck, LA AU - Slaughter, C W AU - Way, J B AU - Dobson, C AU - Christensen, N Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:GEOSCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41472840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Taiga+forest+stands+and+SAR+monitoring+for+sub-arctic+global+change&rft.au=Viereck%2C+LA%3BSlaughter%2C+C+W%3BWay%2C+J+B%3BDobson%2C+C%3BChristensen%2C+N&rft.aulast=Viereck&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dr. Gunter Weller, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775-0800, USA, Abstracts; $10.00 Poster Paper No. AP09 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Alcohol exacerbates the signs associated with copper deficiency in rats fed starch AN - 41468951; 2230349 AU - Fields, M AU - Lewis, C G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41468951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Alcohol+exacerbates+the+signs+associated+with+copper+deficiency+in+rats+fed+starch&rft.au=Fields%2C+M%3BLewis%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Paper No. 1415 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Develop, adapt, and disseminate science and technology needed to protect and restore wetlands AN - 41467040; 3389367 AU - Brown, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5700:Marine Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41467040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Develop%2C+adapt%2C+and+disseminate+science+and+technology+needed+to+protect+and+restore+wetlands&rft.au=Brown%2C+L&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Road, Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; phone: (515) 289-2331; fax: (515) 289-1227; URL: http://www.swcs.org, Abstracts available. 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Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Folate composition in food products of tested bioavailability AN - 41465914; 2236977 AU - Seyoum, E AU - Haskell, M AU - Selhub, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41465914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Folate+composition+in+food+products+of+tested+bioavailability&rft.au=Seyoum%2C+E%3BHaskell%2C+M%3BSelhub%2C+J&rft.aulast=Seyoum&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Twenty-five year trend in the potential for environmental risk from pesticide leaching and runoff from farm fields AN - 41464649; 3389399 AU - Kellogg, R AU - Nehring, R AU - Grube, A AU - Goss, D AU - Plotkin, S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5700:Marine Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41464649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Twenty-five+year+trend+in+the+potential+for+environmental+risk+from+pesticide+leaching+and+runoff+from+farm+fields&rft.au=Kellogg%2C+R%3BNehring%2C+R%3BGrube%2C+A%3BGoss%2C+D%3BPlotkin%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kellogg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Road, Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; phone: (515) 289-2331; fax: (515) 289-1227; URL: http://www.swcs.org, Abstracts available. 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Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Estimation of prediction equation for insulin infusion rate to achieve target plasma insulin concentrations in pigs of different weights AN - 41463739; 3394684 AU - Wray-Cahen, D AU - Nguyen, H V AU - Beckett, PR AU - Reeds, P J AU - Smith, E O AU - Davis, T A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41463739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+prediction+equation+for+insulin+infusion+rate+to+achieve+target+plasma+insulin+concentrations+in+pigs+of+different+weights&rft.au=Wray-Cahen%2C+D%3BNguyen%2C+H+V%3BBeckett%2C+PR%3BReeds%2C+P+J%3BSmith%2C+E+O%3BDavis%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Wray-Cahen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association Headquarters, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA, Abstracts available. Price $15. Poster Paper No. 522 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Expression of IGF-I in skeletal muscle of transgenic swine AN - 41459359; 3394472 AU - Pursel, V G AU - Bee, G AU - Wells, K D AU - Mitchell, AD AU - Elsasser, T AU - Wall, R J AU - Solomon, M B AU - Coleman, ME AU - Schwartz, R J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41459359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Expression+of+IGF-I+in+skeletal+muscle+of+transgenic+swine&rft.au=Pursel%2C+V+G%3BBee%2C+G%3BWells%2C+K+D%3BMitchell%2C+AD%3BElsasser%2C+T%3BWall%2C+R+J%3BSolomon%2C+M+B%3BColeman%2C+ME%3BSchwartz%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Pursel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association Headquarters, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA, Abstracts available. Price $15. Paper No. 501 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Watershed planning with stakeholders and partners - 7 critical success factors AN - 41459162; 3389353 AU - Mozley, S AU - Hoeffliger, M AU - Johanning, W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5700:Marine Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41459162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Watershed+planning+with+stakeholders+and+partners+-+7+critical+success+factors&rft.au=Mozley%2C+S%3BHoeffliger%2C+M%3BJohanning%2C+W&rft.aulast=Mozley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Road, Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; phone: (515) 289-2331; fax: (515) 289-1227; URL: http://www.swcs.org, Abstracts available. 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N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of forage source on manure carbon and nitrogen mineralization AN - 41456829; 3393933 AU - Van Kessel, JS AU - Reeves, JB III AU - Meisinger, J J AU - Wilkerson, V A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41456829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Enterobacter+agglomerans+lipopolysaccharide+on+lung+surfactant&rft.au=DeLucca%2C+A+J%3BBrogden%2C+KA%3BHills%2C+BA&rft.aulast=DeLucca&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association Headquarters, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA, Abstracts available. Price $15. Poster Paper No. 1020 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of relative velocity on cotton drying rates AN - 41450606; 3395362 AU - Barker, G L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41450606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+relative+velocity+on+cotton+drying+rates&rft.au=Barker%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineering, Department 0121, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659, USA; phone: (616) 429-0300; fax: (616) 429-3852; email: hq@asae.org; URL: http://www.asae.org, CD-ROM of abstracts available fall 1999. Contact ASAE for price. Paper No. 981101 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Interactions between tools on a Coulter-sweep system AN - 41449129; 3395477 AU - Burt, E C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41449129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+nutrition+and+estrogenic+growth+promoter+on+nitrogen+partition+in+beef+steers&rft.au=Rumsey%2C+T+S%3BHuntington%2C+G+B%3BHammond%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Rumsey&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineering, Department 0121, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659, USA; phone: (616) 429-0300; fax: (616) 429-3852; email: hq@asae.org; URL: http://www.asae.org, CD-ROM of abstracts available fall 1999. Contact ASAE for price. Paper No. 981058 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recovery of exfoliated colonic epithelial cells from human stools by density gradient centrifugation AN - 41448123; 2258061 AU - Albaugh, G P AU - Iyengar, V AU - Lohani, A AU - Nair, P P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41448123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+exfoliated+colonic+epithelial+cells+from+human+stools+by+density+gradient+centrifugation&rft.au=Albaugh%2C+G+P%3BIyengar%2C+V%3BLohani%2C+A%3BNair%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Albaugh&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Stream restoration using soil bioengineering measures on the North River in Massachusetts AN - 41435153; 3389432 AU - Verdi, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5700:Marine Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41435153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Stream+restoration+using+soil+bioengineering+measures+on+the+North+River+in+Massachusetts&rft.au=Verdi%2C+D&rft.aulast=Verdi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Road, Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; phone: (515) 289-2331; fax: (515) 289-1227; URL: http://www.swcs.org, Abstracts available. 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Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mapping foliar cation chemistry using remote sensing AN - 41430192; 3383532 AU - Hallett, R A AU - Martin, ME Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41430192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mapping+foliar+cation+chemistry+using+remote+sensing&rft.au=Hallett%2C+R+A%3BMartin%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Hallett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Ecological Society of America, Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA; phone: (801) 797-2555; email: fwagner@cc.usu.edu; URL: http://esa.sdsc.edu/98meet.htm, Abstracts available. Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of elevated CO2 on species composition and above ground production in first-year abandoned fields AN - 41425352; 3383407 AU - Bunce, JA AU - Ziska, L H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41425352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+elevated+CO2+on+species+composition+and+above+ground+production+in+first-year+abandoned+fields&rft.au=Bunce%2C+JA%3BZiska%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Bunce&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Ecological Society of America, Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA; phone: (801) 797-2555; email: fwagner@cc.usu.edu; URL: http://esa.sdsc.edu/98meet.htm, Abstracts available. Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Grass hedge effects on the transport of phosphorus, nitrogen and sediment following field application AN - 41424192; 3361953 AU - Eghball, GE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41424192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Grass+hedge+effects+on+the+transport+of+phosphorus%2C+nitrogen+and+sediment+following+field+application&rft.au=Eghball%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Eghball&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: SWCS, Federal Building, 210 Walnut Street, Suite 693, Des Moines, IA 50309-2180, USA, Papers and Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Physiological and behavioral changes of tail-docked cows during fly season AN - 41423005; 3394451 AU - Eicher, S D AU - Morrow-Tesch, J L AU - Albright, J L AU - Williams, R E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41423005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Physiological+and+behavioral+changes+of+tail-docked+cows+during+fly+season&rft.au=Eicher%2C+S+D%3BMorrow-Tesch%2C+J+L%3BAlbright%2C+J+L%3BWilliams%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Eicher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association Headquarters, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA, Abstracts available. Price $15. Paper No. 392 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling prescribed fire behavior and effects on tree saplings across Ohio forested landscapes in a GIS AN - 41421008; 3382968 AU - Iverson, L R AU - Hutchinson, T F AU - Sutherland, E K AU - Scott, C T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41421008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+prescribed+fire+behavior+and+effects+on+tree+saplings+across+Ohio+forested+landscapes+in+a+GIS&rft.au=Iverson%2C+L+R%3BHutchinson%2C+T+F%3BSutherland%2C+E+K%3BScott%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Ecological Society of America, Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA; phone: (801) 797-2555; email: fwagner@cc.usu.edu; URL: http://esa.sdsc.edu/98meet.htm, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mean windspeed below building height in residential neighborhoods with different tree density AN - 41415188; 2172704 AU - Heisler, G M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3000:CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KW - U 8500:POWER ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41415188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mean+windspeed+below+building+height+in+residential+neighborhoods+with+different+tree+density&rft.au=Heisler%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Heisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASHRAE Publication Sales, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305, USA. Phone: 404-636-8400. Fax: 404-321-5478. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Management intensive grazing as an alternative manure management strategy AN - 41413922; 3361870 AU - Dorsey, J AU - Dansingberg, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41413922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Management+intensive+grazing+as+an+alternative+manure+management+strategy&rft.au=Dorsey%2C+J%3BDansingberg%2C+J&rft.aulast=Dorsey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: SWCS, Federal Building, 210 Walnut Street, Suite 693, Des Moines, IA 50309-2180, USA, Papers and Abstracts available. Price $25. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Interaction of nutrition and estrogenic growth promoter on nitrogen partition in beef steers AN - 41407809; 2124858 AU - Rumsey, T S AU - Huntington, G B AU - Hammond, A C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41407809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+nutrition+and+estrogenic+growth+promoter+on+nitrogen+partition+in+beef+steers&rft.au=Rumsey%2C+T+S%3BHuntington%2C+G+B%3BHammond%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Rumsey&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA). Telephone: (301) 530-7020, Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Norepinephrine turnover in heart of copper-deficient rat AN - 41396372; 2118242 AU - Seidel, KE AU - Failla, M L AU - Rosebrough, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41396372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Norepinephrine+turnover+in+heart+of+copper-deficient+rat&rft.au=Seidel%2C+KE%3BFailla%2C+M+L%3BRosebrough%2C+R&rft.aulast=Seidel&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA). Telephone: (301) 530-7020 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Adrenergic regulation of lipogenesis by turkey liver explants AN - 41394670; 2113460 AU - Rosebrough, R W AU - Steele, N C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41394670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Adrenergic+regulation+of+lipogenesis+by+turkey+liver+explants&rft.au=Rosebrough%2C+R+W%3BSteele%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Rosebrough&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA). Telephone: (301) 530-7020, Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Entomogenous nematodes for root weevil control in citrus AN - 41381607; 2010986 AU - Schroeder, W J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41381607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Entomogenous+nematodes+for+root+weevil+control+in+citrus&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conference proceedings will not be published Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Identifying wood utilization options for ecosystem management AN - 41381246; 3349281 AU - Skog, KE AU - Barbour, R J AU - Baumgras, J AU - Clark, A III Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41381246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Identifying+wood+utilization+options+for+ecosystem+management&rft.au=Skog%2C+KE%3BBarbour%2C+R+J%3BBaumgras%2C+J%3BClark%2C+A+III&rft.aulast=Skog&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Washington State University, Conferences and Institutes, PO Box 645222, Pullman, WA 99146-5222, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bonding of rice-husk/wood composites AN - 41377522; 3349123 AU - Hse, Chung-yun AU - Choong, E T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41377522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bonding+of+rice-husk%2Fwood+composites&rft.au=Hse%2C+Chung-yun%3BChoong%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Hse&rft.aufirst=Chung-yun&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Washington State University, Conferences and Institutes, PO Box 645222, Pullman, WA 99146-5222, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thermal death points for Indian meal moth and navel orangeworm pupae AN - 41374232; 2012030 AU - Johnson, JA AU - Wofford, P L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41374232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Thermal+death+points+for+Indian+meal+moth+and+navel+orangeworm+pupae&rft.au=Johnson%2C+JA%3BWofford%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conference proceedings will not be published N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relative abundance and damage to sunflower seeds caused by the banded sunflower moth and the red sunflower seeds weevil in eastern North Dakota AN - 41373583; 2009550 AU - Beregovoy, V H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41373583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Relative+abundance+and+damage+to+sunflower+seeds+caused+by+the+banded+sunflower+moth+and+the+red+sunflower+seeds+weevil+in+eastern+North+Dakota&rft.au=Beregovoy%2C+V+H&rft.aulast=Beregovoy&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conference proceedings will not be published N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New efforts to assess ecology of subterranean termites AN - 41367566; 3347495 AU - Powell, JE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41367566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+efforts+to+assess+ecology+of+subterranean+termites&rft.au=Powell%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact individual authors directly, or search abstracts at http://www.sheridan.com/entsoc/abs. Poster Paper No. D317 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Resistance of selected recurrent selection populations to corn earworm AN - 41366435; 2013253 AU - Wiseman, B R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41366435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+selected+recurrent+selection+populations+to+corn+earworm&rft.au=Wiseman%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Wiseman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conference proceedings will not be published N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microplitis croceipes , search rate on different Heliothis spring host plants AN - 41365991; 2009421 AU - Kaas, J P AU - Elzen, G W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41365991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microplitis+croceipes+%2C+search+rate+on+different+Heliothis+spring+host+plants&rft.au=Kaas%2C+J+P%3BElzen%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Kaas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conference proceedings will not be published N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Behavioral response of corn rootworm adults to host plant volatiles AN - 41363627; 3347535 AU - Hammack, L AU - Hibbard, B E AU - Holyoke, C W AU - Kline, M AU - Leva, D M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41363627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Behavioral+response+of+corn+rootworm+adults+to+host+plant+volatiles&rft.au=Hammack%2C+L%3BHibbard%2C+B+E%3BHolyoke%2C+C+W%3BKline%2C+M%3BLeva%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact individual authors directly, or search abstracts at http://www.sheridan.com/entsoc/abs. Poster Paper No. D357 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Validation of the nitrogen stress responses of the cotton crop model GOSSYM AN - 41362447; 1980445 AU - Jennings, T A AU - Landivar, JA AU - Hodges, H F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41362447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Validation+of+the+nitrogen+stress+responses+of+the+cotton+crop+model+GOSSYM&rft.au=Jennings%2C+T+A%3BLandivar%2C+JA%3BHodges%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Factors affecting the kinetics of phenol mineralization in surface and subsurface soils AN - 41361966; 1979410 AU - Moorman, T B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41361966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+the+kinetics+of+phenol+mineralization+in+surface+and+subsurface+soils&rft.au=Moorman%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Moorman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Colonization, establishment and impact of exotic natural enemies AN - 41357087; 3348143 AU - Hoelmer, KA AU - Ciomperlik, M AU - Goolsby, J AU - Simmons, G S AU - Gould, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41357087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Colonization%2C+establishment+and+impact+of+exotic+natural+enemies&rft.au=Hoelmer%2C+KA%3BCiomperlik%2C+M%3BGoolsby%2C+J%3BSimmons%2C+G+S%3BGould%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hoelmer&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact individual authors directly, or search abstracts at http://www.sheridan.com/entsoc/abs N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Foliar penetration, dissipation and photodegradation of triclopyr butoxyethylester in herbicide deposits on foliar and glass surfaces AN - 41353865; 1936988 AU - Bentson, K P AU - Norris, LA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41353865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Foliar+penetration%2C+dissipation+and+photodegradation+of+triclopyr+butoxyethylester+in+herbicide+deposits+on+foliar+and+glass+surfaces&rft.au=Bentson%2C+K+P%3BNorris%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Bentson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: SETAC, 1133 15th Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005 (USA). Telephone: 202 785 2778., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Production of queen and workers by laying workers in queenless honey bee colonies AN - 41353604; 2014709 AU - DeGrandi-Hoffman, G AU - Erickson, EH Jr AU - Lusby, E W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41353604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Production+of+queen+and+workers+by+laying+workers+in+queenless+honey+bee+colonies&rft.au=DeGrandi-Hoffman%2C+G%3BErickson%2C+EH+Jr%3BLusby%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=DeGrandi-Hoffman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conference proceedings will not be published N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of Illinois spring oat lines for tolerance to BYDV AN - 41351285; 1988213 AU - Kolb, F L AU - Brown, C M AU - Hewings, AD AU - Pedersen, W L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41351285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Illinois+spring+oat+lines+for+tolerance+to+BYDV&rft.au=Kolb%2C+F+L%3BBrown%2C+C+M%3BHewings%2C+AD%3BPedersen%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Kolb&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Temporal variations in soil properties as affected by microbial activity AN - 41351195; 1997668 AU - Elliott, L F AU - Parr, J F AU - Papendick, R I Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41351195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Temporal+variations+in+soil+properties+as+affected+by+microbial+activity&rft.au=Elliott%2C+L+F%3BParr%2C+J+F%3BPapendick%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Enzyme activities in a long-term field experiment with tillage, lime, and P AN - 41350887; 1996735 AU - Baligar, V C AU - Wright, R J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41350887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Enzyme+activities+in+a+long-term+field+experiment+with+tillage%2C+lime%2C+and+P&rft.au=Baligar%2C+V+C%3BWright%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Baligar&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of gibberellic acid to reduce citrus susceptibility to fruit flies AN - 41350475; 2015984 AU - Greany, P D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41350475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+gibberellic+acid+to+reduce+citrus+susceptibility+to+fruit+flies&rft.au=Greany%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Greany&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conference proceedings will not be published N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of NTRM to evaluate sensitivity of winter wheat yield to soil physical environment AN - 41350366; 1994308 AU - Davidoff, B AU - Wilhelm, W W AU - Skopp, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41350366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+NTRM+to+evaluate+sensitivity+of+winter+wheat+yield+to+soil+physical+environment&rft.au=Davidoff%2C+B%3BWilhelm%2C+W+W%3BSkopp%2C+J&rft.aulast=Davidoff&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Canopy temperatures of alfalfa and rye grass: Relative importance of several environmental variables AN - 41348522; 1994429 AU - Pinter, PJ Jr AU - Idso, S B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41348522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Canopy+temperatures+of+alfalfa+and+rye+grass%3A+Relative+importance+of+several+environmental+variables&rft.au=Pinter%2C+PJ+Jr%3BIdso%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Pinter&rft.aufirst=PJ&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Compaction from wheel traffic on cropland soils AN - 41348234; 1994014 AU - Voorhees, W B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41348234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Compaction+from+wheel+traffic+on+cropland+soils&rft.au=Voorhees%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Voorhees&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). 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N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dryland winter wheat production as affected by date and rate of N application AN - 41347322; 1983119 AU - Halvorson, AD Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41347322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dryland+winter+wheat+production+as+affected+by+date+and+rate+of+N+application&rft.au=Halvorson%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Halvorson&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). 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N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Finite element analysis of Warner-Bratzler shearing for tenderness measurement of beef products AN - 41345877; 3332743 AU - Lu, Renfu AU - Chen, Y R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41345877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Finite+element+analysis+of+Warner-Bratzler+shearing+for+tenderness+measurement+of+beef+products&rft.au=Lu%2C+Renfu%3BChen%2C+Y+R&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Renfu&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. Phone: 616-429-0300; Fax: 616-429-3852; email: painesae.org, Available on CD-ROM. Price $695; discount available for individual use. Paper No. 976026 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of sediment on runoff losses of pesticides of low water solubility AN - 41343958; 3333227 AU - Southwick, L M AU - Willis, G H AU - Fouss, J L AU - Rogers, J S AU - Carter, CE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41343958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+sediment+on+runoff+losses+of+pesticides+of+low+water+solubility&rft.au=Southwick%2C+L+M%3BWillis%2C+G+H%3BFouss%2C+J+L%3BRogers%2C+J+S%3BCarter%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Southwick&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. Phone: 616-429-0300; Fax: 616-429-3852; email: painesae.org, Available on CD-ROM. Price $695; discount available for individual use. Paper No. 972204 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - An overview of soil processes and properties in new USDA water and wind erosion models AN - 41342367; 1993494 AU - Zobeck, T M AU - Alberts, EE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41342367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+soil+processes+and+properties+in+new+USDA+water+and+wind+erosion+models&rft.au=Zobeck%2C+T+M%3BAlberts%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Zobeck&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). 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N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evolution and ecology of leafhoppers in North American grasslands (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) AN - 41342364; 2008474 AU - Whitcomb, R W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41342364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evolution+and+ecology+of+leafhoppers+in+North+American+grasslands+%28Homoptera%3A+Cicadellidae%29&rft.au=Whitcomb%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Whitcomb&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conference proceedings will not be published N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Diffusion preparation of soil extracts for N and nitrogen-15 analyses by automated combustion-mass spectrometry AN - 41339192; 1986495 AU - Burke, I C AU - Mosier, A R AU - Porter, L K AU - O'Deen, LA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41339192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Diffusion+preparation+of+soil+extracts+for+N+and+nitrogen-15+analyses+by+automated+combustion-mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Burke%2C+I+C%3BMosier%2C+A+R%3BPorter%2C+L+K%3BO%27Deen%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Automated single wheat kernel quality measurement using near-infrared reflectance and the single kernel characterization system AN - 41336485; 3346812 AU - Dowell, F E AU - Steele, J L AU - Martin, C R AU - Throne, JE AU - Baker, JE AU - Delwiche Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2500:Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41336485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+riparian+force+in+water+quality&rft.au=Stuart%2C+G&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association of Cereal Chemists, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121-7250, Limited abstract books available, or contact authors directly. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fate of dwarf bunt spores during cleaning and milling of wheat AN - 41336432; 3346806 AU - Sauer, D B AU - Bechtel, D B AU - Wilson, J D AU - Eustace, W D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2500:Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41336432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fate+of+dwarf+bunt+spores+during+cleaning+and+milling+of+wheat&rft.au=Sauer%2C+D+B%3BBechtel%2C+D+B%3BWilson%2C+J+D%3BEustace%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association of Cereal Chemists, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121-7250, Limited abstract books available, or contact authors directly. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Micronutrient metal influx into mesophyll cells of the argenteum mutant of Pisum sativum AN - 41333037; 3329040 AU - Pearson, J N AU - Grusak, MA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41333037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dry-process+hardboards+from+recycled+newsprint+paper+fibers&rft.au=Youngquist%2C+JA%3BKrzysik%2C+A+M%3BMuehl%2C+J+H%3BRowell%2C+R+M%3BChow%2C+Poo&rft.aulast=Youngquist&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Plant Physiologists, 15501 Monoma Drive, Rockville, MD 20855, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. 988 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Host plant induced response mediates interspecific interactions among insect herbivores AN - 41332571; 3347419 AU - Inbar, M AU - Doostdar, H AU - Mayer, R T AU - Leibee, G L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41332571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Host+plant+induced+response+mediates+interspecific+interactions+among+insect+herbivores&rft.au=Inbar%2C+M%3BDoostdar%2C+H%3BMayer%2C+R+T%3BLeibee%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Inbar&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact individual authors directly, or search abstracts at http://www.sheridan.com/entsoc/abs. Poster Paper No. D241 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Road design for low-volume roads in forested wetlands AN - 41332516; 3332858 AU - Rummer, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41332516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+paraplowing+on+pea+and+wheat+yields&rft.au=Wilkins%2C+DE%3BRasmussen%2C+P+E%3BKraft%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. Phone: 616-429-0300; Fax: 616-429-3852; email: painesae.org, Available on CD-ROM. Price $695; discount available for individual use. Paper No. 975032 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of the black dump fly, Hydrotaea aenescens, in poultry, swine, and cow manure AN - 41332434; 3347394 AU - Hogsette, JA AU - Farkas, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41332434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+the+black+dump+fly%2C+Hydrotaea+aenescens%2C+in+poultry%2C+swine%2C+and+cow+manure&rft.au=Hogsette%2C+JA%3BFarkas%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hogsette&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact individual authors directly, or search abstracts at http://www.sheridan.com/entsoc/abs N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Interspecific interactions between Encarsia pergandiella and Eretmocerus mundus parasitizing Bemisia argentifolii AN - 41330725; 3347851 AU - Jones, WA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41330725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hydrostatic+compaction+of+agricultural+soils&rft.au=Bailey%2C+A+C%3BJohnson%2C+CE%3BSchafer%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact individual authors directly, or search abstracts at http://www.sheridan.com/entsoc/abs N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Exchange reactions of Na and Ca in three mid-Atlantic coastal plain soils AN - 41329596; 1979123 AU - Adamsen, F J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41329596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Exchange+reactions+of+Na+and+Ca+in+three+mid-Atlantic+coastal+plain+soils&rft.au=Adamsen%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Adamsen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Performance and economic comparison of a mechanical windmill to a wind-electric water pumping system AN - 41324311; 3332583 AU - Vick, B D AU - Clark, R N Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41324311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+zinc+status+in+pigs+on+angiotensin+converting+enzyme+activity+and+Zn+in+kidney+and+free+Ca+super%282%2B%29+in+erythrocytes&rft.au=Bobilya%2C+D+J%3BReeves%2C+P+G%3BVeum%2C+T+L%3BO%27Dell%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Bobilya&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. Phone: 616-429-0300; Fax: 616-429-3852; email: painesae.org, Available on CD-ROM. Price $695; discount available for individual use. Paper No. 974001 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Laboratory studies supporting changes in the oxisol order AN - 41322927; 1987290 AU - Witty, J AU - Kimble, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41322927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Laboratory+studies+supporting+changes+in+the+oxisol+order&rft.au=Witty%2C+J%3BKimble%2C+J&rft.aulast=Witty&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dispersal and longevity of mass-released sterile fruit flies AN - 41319466; 3347417 AU - Thomas, D B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41319466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dispersal+and+longevity+of+mass-released+sterile+fruit+flies&rft.au=Thomas%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact individual authors directly, or search abstracts at http://www.sheridan.com/entsoc/abs. Poster Paper No. D239 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Soil surface modifications with crop residues that impact soil water regime AN - 41318344; 1997699 AU - Bruce, R R AU - Langdale, G W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41318344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Soil+surface+modifications+with+crop+residues+that+impact+soil+water+regime&rft.au=Bruce%2C+R+R%3BLangdale%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Models to evaluate the relative rhizotoxicity of multiple toxic factors, including Al AN - 41314985; 1988628 AU - Kinraide, T B AU - Parker Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41314985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Models+to+evaluate+the+relative+rhizotoxicity+of+multiple+toxic+factors%2C+including+Al&rft.au=Kinraide%2C+T+B%3BParker&rft.aulast=Kinraide&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spatial scales of Long-term Ecological Research AN - 41313230; 1895973 AU - Swanson, F J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41313230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spatial+scales+of+Long-term+Ecological+Research&rft.au=Swanson%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Duren Patten, ESA, Center for Environmental Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)., Abstracts will be Published in Journals of Ecology Society of America (ESA) and Botanical Society of America (BSA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling canopy photosynthesis response to carbon dioxide, light interception, temperature, and leaf traits AN - 41307442; 1984224 AU - Acock, B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41307442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+canopy+photosynthesis+response+to+carbon+dioxide%2C+light+interception%2C+temperature%2C+and+leaf+traits&rft.au=Acock%2C+B&rft.aulast=Acock&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASA, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711 (USA). Telephone: (608)-273-8080., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mixed conifer forest ecological types of the southern Cascades-northern Sierra Nevada in California AN - 41303129; 1899195 AU - Benson, G L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41303129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mixed+conifer+forest+ecological+types+of+the+southern+Cascades-northern+Sierra+Nevada+in+California&rft.au=Benson%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Duren Patten, ESA, Center for Environmental Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)., Abstracts will be Published in Journals of Ecology Society of America (ESA) and Botanical Society of America (BSA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ecology and diversity of rumen microorganisms AN - 41300030; 1874327 AU - Cotta, MA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41300030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ecology+and+diversity+of+rumen+microorganisms&rft.au=Cotta%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cotta&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Elsevier Science Publisher, P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands, ISSN-0169-4146 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Starthistle and knapweed (Centaurea spp.)invasions of Australia and the USA AN - 41299636; 1894888 AU - Forcella, F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41299636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Starthistle+and+knapweed+%28Centaurea+spp.%29invasions+of+Australia+and+the+USA&rft.au=Forcella%2C+F&rft.aulast=Forcella&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Duren Patten, ESA, Center for Environmental Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)., Abstracts will be Published in Journals of Ecology Society of America (ESA) and Botanical Society of America (BSA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mature to old-growth stands of try fir in the Sierra Nevada, California AN - 41294928; 1896541 AU - Hejl, S J AU - Verner, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41294928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mature+to+old-growth+stands+of+try+fir+in+the+Sierra+Nevada%2C+California&rft.au=Hejl%2C+S+J%3BVerner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hejl&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Duren Patten, ESA, Center for Environmental Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)., Abstracts will be Published in Journals of Ecology Society of America (ESA) and Botanical Society of America (BSA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Range management plan maps using digital orthophotography at the NRCS field office level AN - 41287216; 3307868 AU - Hastert, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41287216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Range+management+plan+maps+using+digital+orthophotography+at+the+NRCS+field+office+level&rft.au=Hastert%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hastert&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 1839 York Street, Denver, CO 80206, Abstracts available. Price $5. Poster Paper No. P36 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of tall whitetop (Lepidium latifolium) invasion on soil properties AN - 41283567; 3307999 AU - Blank, R R AU - Young, JA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41283567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+tall+whitetop+%28Lepidium+latifolium%29+invasion+on+soil+properties&rft.au=Blank%2C+R+R%3BYoung%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Blank&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 1839 York Street, Denver, CO 80206, Abstracts available. Price $5. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Analytical modeling of solute transport in porous media with a parallel-piped source AN - 41282717; 3294418 AU - Leij, F J AU - Batu, V Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41282717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Analytical+modeling+of+solute+transport+in+porous+media+with+a+parallel-piped+source&rft.au=Leij%2C+F+J%3BBatu%2C+V&rft.aulast=Leij&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. H31B-10 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of macromolecules AN - 41279154; 1891582 AU - Herman, E M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41279154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Electron+microscopic+immunocytochemical+localization+of+macromolecules&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Duren Patten, ESA, Center for Environmental Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)., Abstracts will be Published in Journals of Ecology Society of America (ESA) and Botanical Society of America (BSA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Landscape AN - 41274826; 3307759 AU - Fox, B L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41274826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Landscape&rft.au=Fox%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 1839 York Street, Denver, CO 80206, Abstracts available. Price $5. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Improved trapping techniques for pickleworm moths AN - 41267191; 3287254 AU - Jackson, D M AU - Klun, JA AU - Khirmian, A P AU - Sorensen, KA AU - Simmons, A M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41267191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Improved+trapping+techniques+for+pickleworm+moths&rft.au=Jackson%2C+D+M%3BKlun%2C+JA%3BKhirmian%2C+A+P%3BSorensen%2C+KA%3BSimmons%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact authors directly for individual papers. Poster Paper No. D295 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using neural networks as pedotransfer functions for estimating unsaturated soil hydraulic properties and their uncertainty AN - 41266907; 3294640 AU - Schaap, M G AU - Leij, F J AU - Van Genuchten, MTh Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41266907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+neural+networks+as+pedotransfer+functions+for+estimating+unsaturated+soil+hydraulic+properties+and+their+uncertainty&rft.au=Schaap%2C+M+G%3BLeij%2C+F+J%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MTh&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. H42B-5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Food safety research in ARS/USDA AN - 41257287; 1800358 AU - Robens, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41257287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Food+safety+research+in+ARS%2FUSDA&rft.au=Robens%2C+J&rft.aulast=Robens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Animal Science, 309 West Clark Street, Champaign, IL 61820 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hemlock woolly adelgid: Beast of the east AN - 41253714; 3287819 AU - Shields, K S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41253714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hemlock+woolly+adelgid%3A+Beast+of+the+east&rft.au=Shields%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact authors directly for individual papers. Paper No. 0711 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth potential of transgenic pigs expressing a bovine growth hormone gene AN - 41250638; 1799469 AU - Pursel, V G AU - Campbell, R G AU - Miller, K F AU - Behringer, R R AU - Palmiter, R D AU - Brinster, R L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41250638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+potential+of+transgenic+pigs+expressing+a+bovine+growth+hormone+gene&rft.au=Pursel%2C+V+G%3BCampbell%2C+R+G%3BMiller%2C+K+F%3BBehringer%2C+R+R%3BPalmiter%2C+R+D%3BBrinster%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Pursel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Animal Science, 309 West Clark Street, Champaign, IL 61820 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Avoiding the big kill, finding alternatives to postharvest treatments AN - 41249221; 3287078 AU - Gould, W P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41249221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Contextual+chemical+ecology%3A+European+corn+borer+male+to+male+interactions+influence+behavior+toward+sex+pheromone&rft.au=Klun%2C+JA%3BGraf%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Klun&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact authors directly for individual papers. Paper No. 0333 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Natural host plant survey of Tephritid fruit fly pests in Itaguai, RJ, Brazil AN - 41248848; 3287653 AU - Aguiar-Menezes, EL AU - Nemezes, E B AU - Bicalho, A C AU - Rojas-Cortez, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41248848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Natural+host+plant+survey+of+Tephritid+fruit+fly+pests+in+Itaguai%2C+RJ%2C+Brazil&rft.au=Aguiar-Menezes%2C+EL%3BNemezes%2C+E+B%3BBicalho%2C+A+C%3BRojas-Cortez%2C+M&rft.aulast=Aguiar-Menezes&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact authors directly for individual papers. Poster Paper No. D485 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Determination of chlorpyrifos from soils and sediments using microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction AN - 41247254; 3285674 AU - Marti, L R AU - Leonard, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 7500:Pharmacology KW - U 2500:Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41247254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Determination+of+chlorpyrifos+from+soils+and+sediments+using+microwave-assisted+extraction+and+supercritical+fluid+extraction&rft.au=Marti%2C+L+R%3BLeonard%2C+R&rft.aulast=Marti&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: SETAC Office, 1010 North 12th Avenue, Pensacola, FL 32501-3370, Abstracts available. Price $30. Poster Paper No. P0994 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Monitoring stored-product insects in grocery stores and food warehouses AN - 41243559; 3287659 AU - Dowdy, A K AU - Mullen, MA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41243559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Monitoring+stored-product+insects+in+grocery+stores+and+food+warehouses&rft.au=Dowdy%2C+A+K%3BMullen%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Dowdy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact authors directly for individual papers. Poster Paper No. D491 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Contextual chemical ecology: European corn borer male to male interactions influence behavior toward sex pheromone AN - 41243076; 3287743 AU - Klun, JA AU - Graf, J C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41243076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Contextual+chemical+ecology%3A+European+corn+borer+male+to+male+interactions+influence+behavior+toward+sex+pheromone&rft.au=Klun%2C+JA%3BGraf%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Klun&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact authors directly for individual papers. Poster Paper No. D575 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - TOBEC methodology for body composition assessment of individuals 35-90 years of age AN - 41243037; 1757153 AU - Loan, Van, MD AU - Koehler, L S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41243037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=TOBEC+methodology+for+body+composition+assessment+of+individuals+35-90+years+of+age&rft.au=Loan%2C+Van%2C+MD%3BKoehler%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Loan&rft.aufirst=Van&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA), Price: $75.00 (FASEB J. personal subscribers), $150.00 (FASEB J. institutional subscribers), $60.00 abstracts issues. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Environmental justice initiative of the lower Rio Grande Valley boll weevil AN - 41239675; 3284896 AU - Berasten, D AU - Smith, H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 7500:Pharmacology KW - U 2500:Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41239675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Environmental+justice+initiative+of+the+lower+Rio+Grande+Valley+boll+weevil&rft.au=Berasten%2C+D%3BSmith%2C+H&rft.aulast=Berasten&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: SETAC Office, 1010 North 12th Avenue, Pensacola, FL 32501-3370, Abstracts available. Price $30. Poster Paper No. P0200 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Changes in plasma progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (GSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estrogen during recruitment of ovulatory follicles in the pig AN - 41236956; 1797986 AU - Guthrie, H D AU - Bolt, D J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41236956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Changes+in+plasma+progesterone%2C+follicle-stimulating+hormone+%28GSH%29%2C+luteinizing+hormone+%28LH%29+and+estrogen+during+recruitment+of+ovulatory+follicles+in+the+pig&rft.au=Guthrie%2C+H+D%3BBolt%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Guthrie&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Animal Science, 309 West Clark Street, Champaign, IL 61820 (USA), Poster Paper No. 393 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Postprandial response of phosphorus metabolism in postmenopausal women to single meals varying in protein content AN - 41236877; 1738397 AU - Howe, J C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41236877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Postprandial+response+of+phosphorus+metabolism+in+postmenopausal+women+to+single+meals+varying+in+protein+content&rft.au=Howe%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA), Price: $75.00 (FASEB J. personal subscribers), $150.00 (FASEB J. institutional subscribers), $60.00 abstracts issues. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Degradation of metallothionein in monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes AN - 41235487; 1737812 AU - Chen, M L AU - Failla, M L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41235487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+metallothionein+in+monolayer+cultures+of+adult+rat+hepatocytes&rft.au=Chen%2C+M+L%3BFailla%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA), Price: $75.00 (FASEB J. personal subscribers), $150.00 (FASEB J. institutional subscribers), $60.00 abstracts issues. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Azadirachtin and Silwet as alternatives for fruit fly control AN - 41233514; 3287204 AU - Purcell, M F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41233514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Azadirachtin+and+Silwet+as+alternatives+for+fruit+fly+control&rft.au=Purcell%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact authors directly for individual papers. Poster Paper No. D245 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Healthy eating initiative AN - 41231603; 3269337 AU - Kennedy, E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2500:Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41231603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Healthy+eating+initiative&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+E&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association of Cereal Chemists, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121-2097, Abstracts available. Paper No. 16 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Factor from beet armyworm oral secretion that induces plants to release parasitoid attractants AN - 41229479; 3287466 AU - Alborn, H AU - Tumlinson, J H AU - Jones, T AU - Turlings, TCJ Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41229479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Factor+from+beet+armyworm+oral+secretion+that+induces+plants+to+release+parasitoid+attractants&rft.au=Alborn%2C+H%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H%3BJones%2C+T%3BTurlings%2C+TCJ&rft.aulast=Alborn&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact authors directly for individual papers. Paper No. 0547 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Maintenance of genetic diversity in forest tree species AN - 41219995; 1700900 AU - Namkoong, G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MUTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41219995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Maintenance+of+genetic+diversity+in+forest+tree+species&rft.au=Namkoong%2C+G&rft.aulast=Namkoong&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H Street N.W., Washington, DC 20005 (USA), AAAS Publication 87-31 contains abstracts of papers presented at the meeting N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Purification of a 43 kDa enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of norsolorinic acid to averantin in aflatoxin biosynthesis AN - 41208647; 3249193 AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Lax, A R AU - Prima, B AU - Cary, J W AU - Cleveland, TE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine KW - U 1500:Biochemistry KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41208647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Purification+of+a+43+kDa+enzyme+that+catalyzes+the+reduction+of+norsolorinic+acid+to+averantin+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis&rft.au=Bhatnagar%2C+D%3BLax%2C+A+R%3BPrima%2C+B%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Bhatnagar&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3998, Abstracts available. Paper No. 3012 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of genotype and environment on gluten characteristics and their relationships with baking characteristics of hard winter wheats AN - 41206735; 3269498 AU - Chung, OK AU - Ohm, J B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2500:Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41206735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+genotype+and+environment+on+gluten+characteristics+and+their+relationships+with+baking+characteristics+of+hard+winter+wheats&rft.au=Chung%2C+OK%3BOhm%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Chung&rft.aufirst=OK&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association of Cereal Chemists, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121-2097, Abstracts available. Paper No. 176 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Functional classification of the drift: Identifying invertebrates important as a food resource for salmonids AN - 41202311; 3266226 AU - Rader, R B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 5700:Marine Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41202311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Functional+classification+of+the+drift%3A+Identifying+invertebrates+important+as+a+food+resource+for+salmonids&rft.au=Rader%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Fisheries Society, Oregon Chapter, PO Box 722, Corvallis, OR 97339, Contact individual authors directly. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Conservation and environmental accomplishments relative to early ideas AN - 41200638; 3257558 AU - Heard, L P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41200638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conservation+and+environmental+accomplishments+relative+to+early+ideas&rft.au=Heard%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Tang&rft.aufirst=F-Y&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 Northeast Ankeny Road, Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, Contact authors directly for paper availability. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Coordinated resource management in Missouri AN - 41195432; 3257619 AU - Green, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41195432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Coordinated+resource+management+in+Missouri&rft.au=Green%2C+A&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 Northeast Ankeny Road, Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, Contact authors directly for paper availability. Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Iowa SWCS chapter leadership in an "adopt a wetland" program AN - 41194850; 3257522 AU - Pate, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41194850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Iowa+SWCS+chapter+leadership+in+an+%22adopt+a+wetland%22+program&rft.au=Pate%2C+D&rft.aulast=Pate&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 Northeast Ankeny Road, Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, Contact authors directly for paper availability. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modified center pivot system for precision management of water and nutrients AN - 41190389; 3264091 AU - Camp, C R AU - Sadler, E J AU - Evans, DE AU - Usrey, L AU - Omary, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41190389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modified+center+pivot+system+for+precision+management+of+water+and+nutrients&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BSadler%2C+E+J%3BEvans%2C+DE%3BUsrey%2C+L%3BOmary%2C+M&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085, Full papers available. Paper No. 962077 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cropland experiments for WEPP project AN - 41187629; 1636324 AU - Laflen, J M AU - Thomas, A AU - Welch, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41187629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cropland+experiments+for+WEPP+project&rft.au=Laflen%2C+J+M%3BThomas%2C+A%3BWelch%2C+R&rft.aulast=Laflen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Dept. 0121, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Papers may be ordered individually. ASAE members: $3.50 per paper; non-members $5.00 per paper. Specify hardcopy or microfiche Paper No. 87-2544 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Real time optimization of tractive efficiency AN - 41184909; 1637781 AU - Burt, E C AU - Lyne, PWL Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41184909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Real+time+optimization+of+tractive+efficiency&rft.au=Burt%2C+E+C%3BLyne%2C+PWL&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Dept. 0121, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Papers may be ordered individually. ASAE members: $3.50 per paper; non-members $5.00 per paper. Specify hardcopy or microfiche Paper No. 87-1624 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - High oleic acid peanuts: Potentials in health, products and oil use AN - 41182025; 3245542 AU - Sanders, TH Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41182025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=High+oleic+acid+peanuts%3A+Potentials+in+health%2C+products+and+oil+use&rft.au=Sanders%2C+TH&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: IFT Customer Service, 221 N. La Salle Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60601, Abstracts available. Paper No. 82-1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Noise problems and control: Stationary equipment AN - 41181393; 1637367 AU - Anthony, W S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41181393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Noise+problems+and+control%3A+Stationary+equipment&rft.au=Anthony%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Dept. 0121, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Papers may be ordered individually. ASAE members: $3.50 per paper; non-members $5.00 per paper. Specify hardcopy or microfiche Paper No. 87-1597 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Transport and deposition of sediment with raindrop impact AN - 41180858; 1636845 AU - Lu, J-Y AU - Cassol, E AU - Foster, G R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41180858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Transport+and+deposition+of+sediment+with+raindrop+impact&rft.au=Lu%2C+J-Y%3BCassol%2C+E%3BFoster%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=J-Y&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Dept. 0121, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Papers may be ordered individually. 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Specify hardcopy or microfiche Paper No. 87-2578 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of citrus fruit tissue extracts on juice-cloud stability AN - 41178842; 3244992 AU - Cameron, R G AU - Baker, R A AU - Grohmann, K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41178842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+citrus+fruit+tissue+extracts+on+juice-cloud+stability&rft.au=Cameron%2C+R+G%3BBaker%2C+R+A%3BGrohmann%2C+K&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: IFT Customer Service, 221 N. La Salle Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60601, Abstracts available. Paper No. 40B-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ephemeral gully detection using an airborne laser AN - 41178407; 1636833 AU - Jackson, T J AU - Ritchie, J C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41178407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+female-targeted+trapping+systems+for+Ceratitis+capitata&rft.au=Epsky%2C+N+D%3BHeath%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Epsky&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Dept. 0121, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Papers may be ordered individually. ASAE members: $3.50 per paper; non-members $5.00 per paper. Specify hardcopy or microfiche Paper No. 87-2575 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sprinkler drop ballistics with n values dependent on drop diameter and velocity AN - 41176775; 1636919 AU - Hinkle, SE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41176775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sprinkler+drop+ballistics+with+n+values+dependent+on+drop+diameter+and+velocity&rft.au=Hinkle%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Hinkle&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Dept. 0121, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Papers may be ordered individually. ASAE members: $3.50 per paper; non-members $5.00 per paper. Specify hardcopy or microfiche Paper No. 87-2596 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Moisture sensing in single kernels of corn by capacitance measurements at 1 and 4.5 MHz AN - 41161737; 1637977 AU - Nelson, SO AU - Kandala, CVK AU - Leffler, R G AU - Lawrence, K C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41161737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Moisture+sensing+in+single+kernels+of+corn+by+capacitance+measurements+at+1+and+4.5+MHz&rft.au=Johnson%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Dept. 0121, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Papers may be ordered individually. ASAE members: $3.50 per paper; non-members $5.00 per paper. Specify hardcopy or microfiche Paper No. 87-6558 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydrogen peroxide as an alternative to chlorine AN - 41158831; 3245239 AU - Sapers, G M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41158831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+peroxide+as+an+alternative+to+chlorine&rft.au=Sapers%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Sapers&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: IFT Customer Service, 221 N. La Salle Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60601, Abstracts available. Paper No. 59-4 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (Mycotrol WP) on parasitoids of Bemisia sp. infesting cantaloupe AN - 41129313; 3223942 AU - Simmons, G S AU - Hoelmer, KA AU - Jaronski, ST AU - Lord, J C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41129313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Beauveria+bassiana+strain+GHA+%28Mycotrol+WP%29+on+parasitoids+of+Bemisia+sp.+infesting+cantaloupe&rft.au=Simmons%2C+G+S%3BHoelmer%2C+KA%3BJaronski%2C+ST%3BLord%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706, Contact individual authors concerning paper availability. Poster Paper No. D332 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potential of the microsporidium, Thelohania solenopsae, as a biological control agent for the imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri AN - 41125638; 3223076 AU - Williams, D F AU - Briano, JA AU - Patterson, R S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41125638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Potential+of+the+microsporidium%2C+Thelohania+solenopsae%2C+as+a+biological+control+agent+for+the+imported+fire+ants%2C+Solenopsis+invicta+and+Solenopsis+richteri&rft.au=Williams%2C+D+F%3BBriano%2C+JA%3BPatterson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706, Contact individual authors concerning paper availability. Paper No. 0291 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quarantine strategies for control of walnut husk fly in exported stone fruits AN - 41124941; 3223736 AU - Yokoyama, VY AU - Miller, G T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41124941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quarantine+strategies+for+control+of+walnut+husk+fly+in+exported+stone+fruits&rft.au=Yokoyama%2C+VY%3BMiller%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Yokoyama&rft.aufirst=VY&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706, Contact individual authors concerning paper availability. Poster Paper No. D127 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Harmonization: Let's all sing the same tune AN - 41123917; 3223182 AU - Schwalbe, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41123917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Harmonization%3A+Let%27s+all+sing+the+same+tune&rft.au=Schwalbe%2C+C&rft.aulast=Schwalbe&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706, Contact individual authors concerning paper availability. Paper No. 0416 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Information requirements for release of a transgenic arthropod in field trials AN - 41122993; 3223735 AU - Young, O P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41122993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Information+requirements+for+release+of+a+transgenic+arthropod+in+field+trials&rft.au=Young%2C+O+P&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706, Contact individual authors concerning paper availability. Poster Paper No. D126 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of gypsy moth defoliation and forest thinning on ground-dwelling arthropods AN - 41120317; 3224068 AU - Muzika, R-M AU - Liebhold, AM AU - Jennings, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41120317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+gypsy+moth+defoliation+and+forest+thinning+on+ground-dwelling+arthropods&rft.au=Muzika%2C+R-M%3BLiebhold%2C+AM%3BJennings%2C+D&rft.aulast=Muzika&rft.aufirst=R-M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706, Contact individual authors concerning paper availability. Poster Paper No. D458 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Field evaluation of female-targeted trapping systems for Ceratitis capitata AN - 41120286; 3224265 AU - Epsky, N D AU - Heath, R R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41120286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+female-targeted+trapping+systems+for+Ceratitis+capitata&rft.au=Epsky%2C+N+D%3BHeath%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Epsky&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706, Contact individual authors concerning paper availability. Poster Paper No. D655 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Corn rootworm infestation of maize following soybean in a strip intercropping system AN - 41115209; 3224039 AU - Ellsbury, M M AU - Karlen, D L AU - Cruz, R M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41115209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Corn+rootworm+infestation+of+maize+following+soybean+in+a+strip+intercropping+system&rft.au=Ellsbury%2C+M+M%3BKarlen%2C+D+L%3BCruz%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Ellsbury&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706, Contact individual authors concerning paper availability. Poster Paper No. D429 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comments on the ability of the economic paradigm to represent the value of global diversity AN - 41065910; 3183443 AU - Peterson, G L AU - Driver, B L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41065910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comments+on+the+ability+of+the+economic+paradigm+to+represent+the+value+of+global+diversity&rft.au=Peterson%2C+G+L%3BDriver%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations Secretariat, Federal Forest Research Institute, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, A-1131 Vienna, Austria, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Salt tolerant triticeae for forage production and wheat improvement AN - 41064059; 3184544 AU - Wang, R AU - Chatterton, N AU - Asay, K AU - Horton, H AU - Dong, Y AU - Zhang, X Y Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41064059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Salt+tolerant+triticeae+for+forage+production+and+wheat+improvement&rft.au=Wang%2C+R%3BChatterton%2C+N%3BAsay%2C+K%3BHorton%2C+H%3BDong%2C+Y%3BZhang%2C+X+Y&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. Attn: Professor Fu Congbin, Abstracts available. Price $50 plus shipping. Poster Paper No. G3-PO-08P-17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Water resources decision model for forest managers AN - 41060869; 3182642 AU - Hornbeck, J W AU - Smith, R B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41060869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Water+resources+decision+model+for+forest+managers&rft.au=Hornbeck%2C+J+W%3BSmith%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Hornbeck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations Secretariat, Federal Forest Research Institute, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, A-1131 Vienna, Austria, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Virulence of Rhizoctonia oryzae isolates on wheat and detection of the pathogen in plant tissue using a PCR protocol AN - 41059006; 3187681 AU - Mazzola, M AU - Wong, Oi Tak AU - Cook, R J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41059006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+Rhizoctonia+oryzae+isolates+on+wheat+and+detection+of+the+pathogen+in+plant+tissue+using+a+PCR+protocol&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BWong%2C+Oi+Tak%3BCook%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121, Abstracts available. Paper No. 147 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) - An international story of impacts and cooperation AN - 41057834; 3182937 AU - Montgomery, ME Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41057834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Asian+gypsy+moth+%28Lymantria+dispar%29+-+An+international+story+of+impacts+and+cooperation&rft.au=Montgomery%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations Secretariat, Federal Forest Research Institute, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, A-1131 Vienna, Austria, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of virus, nematodes, and drought on growth and persistence of white clover AN - 41056347; 3187976 AU - McLaughlin, M R AU - Windham, G L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41056347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+virus%2C+nematodes%2C+and+drought+on+growth+and+persistence+of+white+clover&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+M+R%3BWindham%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121, Abstracts available. Paper No. 447 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Urban resource conservation policy development AN - 41055221; 3188545 AU - Gahn, D G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41055221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Urban+resource+conservation+policy+development&rft.au=Gahn%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Gahn&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 Northeast Ankeny Road, Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, Contact individual authors concerning paper availability. Poster Paper No. 43 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dietary influences on in vitro arginase activity and urea production in bovine liver AN - 41049033; 1544296 AU - Elsasser, TH AU - Rumsey, T S AU - Rosebrough, R W AU - Richards, M P AU - Hammond, A C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41049033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dietary+influences+on+in+vitro+arginase+activity+and+urea+production+in+bovine+liver&rft.au=Elsasser%2C+TH%3BRumsey%2C+T+S%3BRosebrough%2C+R+W%3BRichards%2C+M+P%3BHammond%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Elsasser&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA), Paper No. 4994 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Linking the ecology of natural oak regeneration to silviculture AN - 41047437; 3182765 AU - Johnson, P S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41047437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Linking+the+ecology+of+natural+oak+regeneration+to+silviculture&rft.au=Johnson%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations Secretariat, Federal Forest Research Institute, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, A-1131 Vienna, Austria, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Composition versus turnover of mucosa of small intestine AN - 41046297; 1544333 AU - Pekas, J C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41046297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Composition+versus+turnover+of+mucosa+of+small+intestine&rft.au=Pekas%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Pekas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA), Paper No. 5006 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Enterohepatic circulation of vitamin A in rats is minimal AN - 41042875; 1544615 AU - Ribaya-Mercado, J D AU - Kassarjian, Z AU - Russell, R M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41042875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Enterohepatic+circulation+of+vitamin+A+in+rats+is+minimal&rft.au=Ribaya-Mercado%2C+J+D%3BKassarjian%2C+Z%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Ribaya-Mercado&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA), Paper No. 5091 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Survey sample integrity: Experience with the panel approach AN - 41037457; 1541021 AU - Basiotis, P P AU - Pao, E M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41037457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Survey+sample+integrity%3A+Experience+with+the+panel+approach&rft.au=Basiotis%2C+P+P%3BPao%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Basiotis&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA), Paper No. 4083 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Topics for further research in dietary intake measurement AN - 41030180; 1541037 AU - Riddick, H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41030180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Topics+for+further+research+in+dietary+intake+measurement&rft.au=Riddick%2C+H&rft.aulast=Riddick&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA), Paper No. 4089 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Instrumentation of Tinley Park Reservoir Site, Illinois AN - 41013472; 1472335 AU - Fritschle, J D AU - Lattyak, J AU - Leonard, J W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41013472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Instrumentation+of+Tinley+Park+Reservoir+Site%2C+Illinois&rft.au=Fritschle%2C+J+D%3BLattyak%2C+J%3BLeonard%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Fritschle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. Telephone: (616) 429-0300, Papers may be ordered individually Paper No. 86-2612 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Phenological development of eleven warm season grass cultivars AN - 41010393; 1504110 AU - Gerrish, J R AU - Forwood, J R AU - Nelson, C J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41010393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Phenological+development+of+eleven+warm+season+grass+cultivars&rft.au=Gerrish%2C+J+R%3BForwood%2C+J+R%3BNelson%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Gerrish&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Forage and Grassland Council, 2021 Rebel Road, Lexington, KY 40503 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of Enterobacter agglomerans lipopolysaccharide on lung surfactant AN - 41010276; 1468659 AU - DeLucca, A J AU - Brogden, KA AU - Hills, BA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41010276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Enterobacter+agglomerans+lipopolysaccharide+on+lung+surfactant&rft.au=DeLucca%2C+A+J%3BBrogden%2C+KA%3BHills%2C+BA&rft.aulast=DeLucca&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. B36 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of paraplowing on pea and wheat yields AN - 40998223; 1471964 AU - Wilkins, DE AU - Rasmussen, P E AU - Kraft, J M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40998223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+paraplowing+on+pea+and+wheat+yields&rft.au=Wilkins%2C+DE%3BRasmussen%2C+P+E%3BKraft%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. Telephone: (616) 429-0300, Papers may be ordered individually Paper No. 86-1516 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modvex: A MOdel Development and Validation EXpert System AN - 40998106; 1471709 AU - McKinion, J M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40998106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modvex%3A+A+MOdel+Development+and+Validation+EXpert+System&rft.au=McKinion%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=McKinion&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. Telephone: (616) 429-0300, Papers may be ordered individually Paper No. 86-4514 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of microclimate and irrigation on cotton AN - 40990893; 1473492 AU - Barker, G L AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Wanjura, D F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40990893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+microclimate+and+irrigation+on+cotton&rft.au=Barker%2C+G+L%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BWanjura%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. Telephone: (616) 429-0300, Papers may be ordered individually Paper No. 86-2599 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Opioid modulation of lutinizing hormone secretion in the prepubertal gilt AN - 40955074; 1331444 AU - Barb, C R AU - Kraeling, R R AU - Rampacek, G B AU - Price-Taras, E AU - Estienne, CE AU - Estienne, MJ Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40955074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Opioid+modulation+of+lutinizing+hormone+secretion+in+the+prepubertal+gilt&rft.au=Barb%2C+C+R%3BKraeling%2C+R+R%3BRampacek%2C+G+B%3BPrice-Taras%2C+E%3BEstienne%2C+CE%3BEstienne%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Barb&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for the Study of Reproduction, 309 West Clark Street, Champaign, IL 61820 (USA). Telephone: (217) 356-3182 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Field windbreaks and their contribution to saline-seep in Montana AN - 40953330; 1377574 AU - Hunter, HE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40953330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Field+windbreaks+and+their+contribution+to+saline-seep+in+Montana&rft.au=Hunter%2C+HE&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=HE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife, 101 Plant Industry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0814 (USA), Price: $45.00 (prior to December 31, 1986) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quality of hand and machine harvested rabbiteye blueberries during long-term and simulated air transport storage AN - 40942808; 1338341 AU - Miller, W R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40942808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quality+of+hand+and+machine+harvested+rabbiteye+blueberries+during+long-term+and+simulated+air+transport+storage&rft.au=Miller%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Horticultural Science, 701 North Saint Asaph Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-1998 (USA). Telephone: (703) 836-4606, Abstract No. 0123 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Combining ability for plant and fruit performance in interspecific blueberry populations on mineral soil AN - 40941175; 1343737 AU - Erb, WA AU - Draper, AD AU - Galletta, G J AU - Chandler, C K AU - Swartz, HJ Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40941175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Combining+ability+for+plant+and+fruit+performance+in+interspecific+blueberry+populations+on+mineral+soil&rft.au=Erb%2C+WA%3BDraper%2C+AD%3BGalletta%2C+G+J%3BChandler%2C+C+K%3BSwartz%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Erb&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Horticultural Science, 701 North Saint Asaph Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-1998 (USA). Telephone: (703) 836-4606, Poster Paper No. 0568 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of ethylene synthesis inhibitors AN - 40936741; 1341785 AU - Wang, CY Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40936741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+ethylene+synthesis+inhibitors&rft.au=Wang%2C+CY&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=CY&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Horticultural Science, 701 North Saint Asaph Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-1998 (USA). Telephone: (703) 836-4606, Poster Paper No. 0321 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of deuteration on phase transition and polymorphism of unsaturated acids and esters AN - 40935559; 1325747 AU - Chang, S-P AU - Rothfus, JA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40935559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+deuteration+on+phase+transition+and+polymorphism+of+unsaturated+acids+and+esters&rft.au=Chang%2C+S-P%3BRothfus%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=S-P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: AOCS, 508 South Sixth Street, Champaign, IL 61820 (USA), Conference abstracts will be published in April issue of the Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. Price: $16.00 Poster Paper No. 366P N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Applications of silver resin chromatography: The fractionation of fish oils and other polyunsaturated fats AN - 40931423; 1324424 AU - Adlof, RO Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40931423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Applications+of+silver+resin+chromatography%3A+The+fractionation+of+fish+oils+and+other+polyunsaturated+fats&rft.au=Adlof%2C+RO&rft.aulast=Adlof&rft.aufirst=RO&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: AOCS, 508 South Sixth Street, Champaign, IL 61820 (USA), Conference abstracts will be published in April issue of the Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. Price: $16.00 Paper No. 194 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium sporogenes in chili during postcook chilling AN - 40922887; 1322742 AU - Blankenship, L C AU - Craven, SE AU - Leffler, R G AU - Custer, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40922887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+of+Clostridium+perfringens+and+Clostridium+sporogenes+in+chili+during+postcook+chilling&rft.au=Blankenship%2C+L+C%3BCraven%2C+SE%3BLeffler%2C+R+G%3BCuster%2C+C&rft.aulast=Blankenship&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. P28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Physiology of Treponema hyodysenteriae , a swine intestinal pathogen AN - 40917371; 1300388 AU - Stanton, T B AU - Lebo, D F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40917371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Physiology+of+Treponema+hyodysenteriae+%2C+a+swine+intestinal+pathogen&rft.au=Stanton%2C+T+B%3BLebo%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. D25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular elastic gel network structure of the Bacillus megaterium cell wall AN - 40917193; 1310524 AU - Scherrer, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40917193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+elastic+gel+network+structure+of+the+Bacillus+megaterium+cell+wall&rft.au=Scherrer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Scherrer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Abstract No. J20 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vitamin E and relationships among tocopherols in human plasma and blood cells AN - 40894434; 1196693 AU - Lehmann, J AU - Rao, D D AU - Canary, J J AU - Judd, J T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40894434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vitamin+E+and+relationships+among+tocopherols+in+human+plasma+and+blood+cells&rft.au=Lehmann%2C+J%3BRao%2C+D+D%3BCanary%2C+J+J%3BJudd%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Lehmann&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA), Poster Paper No. 3991 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Field and phytotron assessment of the effect of crop plants on denitrification AN - 40871069; 1123564 AU - Mosier, A R AU - Haider, K AU - Heinemeyer, O Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:GEOSCIENCE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40871069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Adrenal+corticosterone+and+aldosterone+production+in+obese%2C+male+and+female%2C+SHR-N%2Fcp+rats&rft.au=Wiesenfeld%2C+P%3BMichaelis%2C+O+E%3BSzepesi%2C+B&rft.aulast=Wiesenfeld&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: G. Giovannozzi Sermanni, Istituto di Chimica Agraria Facolta di Agraria, Viterbo (Italy) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Grain velocity measurement with optical sensors AN - 40850798; 1092057 AU - Chang, C S AU - Martin, C R AU - Lai, F S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40850798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Grain+velocity+measurement+with+optical+sensors&rft.au=Chang%2C+C+S%3BMartin%2C+C+R%3BLai%2C+F+S&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Order papers individually by paper number. Price -- $3.50 (ASAE members); $5.00 (non-members) Paper No. 85-3551 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Three-dimensional tire deformation on deformable surfaces AN - 40848327; 1091670 AU - Burt, E C AU - Wood, R K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40848327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Three-dimensional+tire+deformation+on+deformable+surfaces&rft.au=Burt%2C+E+C%3BWood%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Order papers individually by paper number. Price -- $3.50 (ASAE members); $5.00 (non-members) Paper No. 85-1551 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Performance of grade control structure system during extreme events AN - 40848193; 1093165 AU - Forsythe, P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40848193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Performance+of+grade+control+structure+system+during+extreme+events&rft.au=Forsythe%2C+P&rft.aulast=Forsythe&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Order papers individually by paper number. Price -- $3.50 (ASAE members); $5.00 (non-members) Paper No. 85-2622 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rainfall retention probabilities: Cropping-tillage effects AN - 40847904; 1093466 AU - Mills, W C AU - Thomas, A W AU - Langdale, G W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40847904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rainfall+retention+probabilities%3A+Cropping-tillage+effects&rft.au=Mills%2C+W+C%3BThomas%2C+A+W%3BLangdale%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Order papers individually by paper number. Price -- $3.50 (ASAE members); $5.00 (non-members) Paper No. 85-2508 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Predicting tractive performance of log-skidder tires AN - 40847395; 1092254 AU - Ashmore, C AU - Turner, J L AU - Burt, E C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40847395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Predicting+tractive+performance+of+log-skidder+tires&rft.au=Ashmore%2C+C%3BTurner%2C+J+L%3BBurt%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Ashmore&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Order papers individually by paper number. Price -- $3.50 (ASAE members); $5.00 (non-members) Paper No. 85-1597 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Crop production function, a planning tool for farmers AN - 40845181; 1092204 AU - Hackbart, CA AU - Christensen, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40845181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Crop+production+function%2C+a+planning+tool+for+farmers&rft.au=Hackbart%2C+CA%3BChristensen%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hackbart&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Order papers individually by paper number. Price -- $3.50 (ASAE members); $5.00 (non-members) Paper No. 85-2597 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New land clearing equipment in a forest environment AN - 40844253; 1093831 AU - Styer, B L AU - Bowman, J K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40844253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+land+clearing+equipment+in+a+forest+environment&rft.au=Styer%2C+B+L%3BBowman%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Styer&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Order papers individually by paper number. Price -- $3.50 (ASAE members); $5.00 (non-members) Paper No. 85-1613 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Variable set width gated pipe automation AN - 40843977; 1092271 AU - Duke, H R AU - Payne, M L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40843977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Variable+set+width+gated+pipe+automation&rft.au=Duke%2C+H+R%3BPayne%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Duke&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Order papers individually by paper number. Price -- $3.50 (ASAE members); $5.00 (non-members) Paper No. 85-2582 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Species and varieties in the Rhizopus microsporus group as indicated by their DNA complementarity AN - 40840069; 1108099 AU - Ellis, J J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40840069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Species+and+varieties+in+the+Rhizopus+microsporus+group+as+indicated+by+their+DNA+complementarity&rft.au=Ellis%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Journal of Botany, c/o Robert H. Essman, Business Manager, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA), Price -- $5.00 Paper No. H23 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of sulfate retention on cation leaching through soils AN - 40838594; 1100215 AU - Schnabel, R R AU - Richie, E B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40838594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+sulfate+retention+on+cation+leaching+through+soils&rft.au=Schnabel%2C+R+R%3BRichie%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Schnabel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 (USA), Order papers individually by paper number. Price -- $3.50 (ASAE members); $5.00 (non-members) Paper No. 85-2524 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Competitiveness of benzimidazole-tolerant and sensitive strains of Ceratocystis ulmi AN - 40836861; 1091456 AU - Schreiber, L R AU - Peacock, J W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40836861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Competitiveness+of+benzimidazole-tolerant+and+sensitive+strains+of+Ceratocystis+ulmi&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+L+R%3BPeacock%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of matric and osmotic potential, temperature, and pH on the germination of Tilletia indica teliopores AN - 40835384; 1090896 AU - Dupler, M AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Hoffmann, JA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40835384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+matric+and+osmotic+potential%2C+temperature%2C+and+pH+on+the+germination+of+Tilletia+indica+teliopores&rft.au=Dupler%2C+M%3BSmilanick%2C+J+L%3BHoffmann%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Dupler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Southern root knot (Meloidogyne incognita ) of sweet potato: Relationships between resistance levels, yield, market quality and post-harvest pathogen densities AN - 40834745; 1094876 AU - Dukes, P D AU - Jones, A AU - Hamilton, M G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40834745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Southern+root+knot+%28Meloidogyne+incognita+%29+of+sweet+potato%3A+Relationships+between+resistance+levels%2C+yield%2C+market+quality+and+post-harvest+pathogen+densities&rft.au=Dukes%2C+P+D%3BJones%2C+A%3BHamilton%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Dukes&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth culmination of loblolly pines growing on soils of different predicted littleleaf disease risk AN - 40834351; 1095108 AU - Oak, S W AU - Tainter, F H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40834351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+culmination+of+loblolly+pines+growing+on+soils+of+different+predicted+littleleaf+disease+risk&rft.au=Oak%2C+S+W%3BTainter%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Oak&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessment of downy mildew yield loss with near-isogenic sorghum populations AN - 40833832; 1091051 AU - Craig, J AU - Odvody, G N Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40833832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+downy+mildew+yield+loss+with+near-isogenic+sorghum+populations&rft.au=Craig%2C+J%3BOdvody%2C+G+N&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of a new Helicosporidium sp. on mosquito larvae AN - 40814106; 1012482 AU - Undeen, AH AU - Avery, S W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40814106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+a+new+Helicosporidium+sp.+on+mosquito+larvae&rft.au=Undeen%2C+AH%3BAvery%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Undeen&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Invertebrate Pathology, c/o Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of Nosema fumiferanae on spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana , growth and nutrition as mediated by dietary nitrogen AN - 40811825; 1012474 AU - Bauer, L S AU - Nordin, G L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40811825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Nosema+fumiferanae+on+spruce+budworm%2C+Choristoneura+fumiferana+%2C+growth+and+nutrition+as+mediated+by+dietary+nitrogen&rft.au=Bauer%2C+L+S%3BNordin%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Invertebrate Pathology, c/o Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Inhibition by bile acids of phenobarbital-induced forms of hepatic glutathione sulfotransferase AN - 40776970; 0943628 AU - Kessie, G AU - Nair, P P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:PHARMACOLOGY KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40776970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Inhibition+by+bile+acids+of+phenobarbital-induced+forms+of+hepatic+glutathione+sulfotransferase&rft.au=Kessie%2C+G%3BNair%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Kessie&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: For ordering information contact FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nutritional assessment of lactating women and their infants in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal AN - 40774305; 0936927 AU - Reynolds, R D AU - Moser, P B AU - Andon, M B AU - McConnell, W AU - Howard, M P AU - Acharya, S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:PHARMACOLOGY KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40774305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nutritional+assessment+of+lactating+women+and+their+infants+in+Kathmandu+Valley%2C+Nepal&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+R+D%3BMoser%2C+P+B%3BAndon%2C+M+B%3BMcConnell%2C+W%3BHoward%2C+M+P%3BAcharya%2C+S&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: For ordering information contact FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Aspirin is cholesterotropic and cuprotropic AN - 40768878; 0936773 AU - Klevay, L M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:PHARMACOLOGY KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40768878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Aspirin+is+cholesterotropic+and+cuprotropic&rft.au=Klevay%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Klevay&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: For ordering information contact FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Morphological and functional effects of cell separation procedures on rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils AN - 40758226; 0907878 AU - Davis, MA AU - Matheny, P J AU - Wallwork, J C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:PHARMACOLOGY KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40758226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Morphological+and+functional+effects+of+cell+separation+procedures+on+rat+polymorphonuclear+neutrophils&rft.au=Davis%2C+MA%3BMatheny%2C+P+J%3BWallwork%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: For ordering information contact FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Possible denitrification control of stream water nitrate concentrations in Southern California AN - 40716626; 0850713 AU - Poth, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40716626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Possible+denitrification+control+of+stream+water+nitrate+concentrations+in+Southern+California&rft.au=Poth%2C+M&rft.aulast=Poth&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. N 105 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Aerobic and facultative microorganisms and endotoxin levels on developing cotton plants AN - 40715413; 0845076 AU - Delucca, AJ II AU - Palmgren Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40715413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Aerobic+and+facultative+microorganisms+and+endotoxin+levels+on+developing+cotton+plants&rft.au=Delucca%2C+AJ+II%3BPalmgren&rft.aulast=Delucca&rft.aufirst=AJ&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. I 48 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of soil properties on cropland and rangeland catenas AN - 40704993; 0815545 AU - Schuman, GE AU - Bowman, R A AU - Taylor, EM Jr AU - Woods, LE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40704993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+soil+properties+on+cropland+and+rangeland+catenas&rft.au=Schuman%2C+GE%3BBowman%2C+R+A%3BTaylor%2C+EM+Jr%3BWoods%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Schuman&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nitrogen fixation of field communities of red clover and birdsfoot trefoil AN - 40702229; 0812214 AU - Heichel, G H AU - Vance, C P AU - Barnes, D K AU - Henjum, KI Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40702229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+fixation+of+field+communities+of+red+clover+and+birdsfoot+trefoil&rft.au=Heichel%2C+G+H%3BVance%2C+C+P%3BBarnes%2C+D+K%3BHenjum%2C+KI&rft.aulast=Heichel&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Elicitation of secondary natural products in cell suspension cultures of Gossypium spp AN - 40701705; 0811278 AU - Altman, D W AU - Stipanovic, R D AU - Heinstein, P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40701705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Elicitation+of+secondary+natural+products+in+cell+suspension+cultures+of+Gossypium+spp&rft.au=Altman%2C+D+W%3BStipanovic%2C+R+D%3BHeinstein%2C+P&rft.aulast=Altman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on forage digestibility AN - 40701384; 0812355 AU - Forwood, J R AU - Owensby, CE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40701384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dimethyl+sulfoxide+%28DMSO%29+on+forage+digestibility&rft.au=Forwood%2C+J+R%3BOwensby%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Forwood&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of drought on biomass production, water relations, and acetylene reduction activity in four lupine species and two alfalfa cultivars AN - 40700887; 0812212 AU - Johnson, DA AU - Rumbaugh, MD AU - Rinehart, D N Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40700887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+drought+on+biomass+production%2C+water+relations%2C+and+acetylene+reduction+activity+in+four+lupine+species+and+two+alfalfa+cultivars&rft.au=Johnson%2C+DA%3BRumbaugh%2C+MD%3BRinehart%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recurrent selection for improved seedling vigor in cicer milkvetch AN - 40700824; 0812135 AU - Townsend, CE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40700824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recurrent+selection+for+improved+seedling+vigor+in+cicer+milkvetch&rft.au=Townsend%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of soybean germplasm with low lipoxygenase content AN - 40699713; 0812154 AU - Davies, C S AU - Nielsen, N C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40699713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+soybean+germplasm+with+low+lipoxygenase+content&rft.au=Davies%2C+C+S%3BNielsen%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Geomorphic surfaces and soils, Colorado River area, Arizona and California AN - 40699708; 0816562 AU - Parsons, R B AU - Herriman, R C AU - Cook, T D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40699708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Geomorphic+surfaces+and+soils%2C+Colorado+River+area%2C+Arizona+and+California&rft.au=Parsons%2C+R+B%3BHerriman%2C+R+C%3BCook%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Residual phytotoxicity of chlorsulfuron in two soils AN - 40699652; 0817232 AU - Anderson, R L AU - Barrett, M R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40699652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Residual+phytotoxicity+of+chlorsulfuron+in+two+soils&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+L%3BBarrett%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Residual tillage effects on soil strength as determined by soil profile iso-strength contours AN - 40698859; 0816494 AU - Sojka, R E AU - Busscher, W J AU - Doty, C W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40698859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Residual+tillage+effects+on+soil+strength+as+determined+by+soil+profile+iso-strength+contours&rft.au=Sojka%2C+R+E%3BBusscher%2C+W+J%3BDoty%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Sojka&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of urea phosphates with commercial fertilizers on spring wheat AN - 40697992; 0812791 AU - Varvel, GE AU - Meredith, H L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40697992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+urea+phosphates+with+commercial+fertilizers+on+spring+wheat&rft.au=Varvel%2C+GE%3BMeredith%2C+H+L&rft.aulast=Varvel&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Soil phosphorus pool in adjacent native and cultivated catenas in the central great plains AN - 40697628; 0811888 AU - Bowman, R A AU - Schuman, GE AU - Taylor, EM Jr AU - Woods, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40697628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Soil+phosphorus+pool+in+adjacent+native+and+cultivated+catenas+in+the+central+great+plains&rft.au=Bowman%2C+R+A%3BSchuman%2C+GE%3BTaylor%2C+EM+Jr%3BWoods%2C+L&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Soybean growth responses to light spectra AN - 40697622; 0812210 AU - Kasperbauer, MJ AU - Hunt, P G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40697622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Soybean+growth+responses+to+light+spectra&rft.au=Kasperbauer%2C+MJ%3BHunt%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Kasperbauer&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Winter and spring wheat residue decomposition as influenced by chemical and stubble-mulch fallow AN - 40693261; 0811785 AU - Tanaka, D L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40693261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Winter+and+spring+wheat+residue+decomposition+as+influenced+by+chemical+and+stubble-mulch+fallow&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available in: "1984 Agronomy Abstracts", 1984, ASA Headquarters, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Antigenic variation of African swine fever (ASF) virus clones AN - 40693210; 0753945 AU - Pan, I C AU - Wyhard, T AU - Hess, W R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40693210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antigenic+variation+of+African+swine+fever+%28ASF%29+virus+clones&rft.au=Pan%2C+I+C%3BWyhard%2C+T%3BHess%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1984, Abstracts booklet available: Special Publications Dep., FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, 2 vols.; Price: $25.00 Paper No. 3051 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Interaction of calf skin collagen with glycerol: Structural effects and thermodynamics AN - 40676376; 0746851 AU - Na, G C AU - Butz, L J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40676376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+calf+skin+collagen+with+glycerol%3A+Structural+effects+and+thermodynamics&rft.au=Na%2C+G+C%3BButz%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Na&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1984, Abstracts booklet available: Special Publications Dep., FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, 2 vols.; Price: $25.00 Paper No. 996 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of effects of zinc or copper deficiency on catecholamine concentrations in regions of the rat brain AN - 40653932; 0683654 AU - Wallwork, J C AU - Klevay, L M AU - Sandstead, H H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:PHARMACOLOGY KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40653932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+effects+of+zinc+or+copper+deficiency+on+catecholamine+concentrations+in+regions+of+the+rat+brain&rft.au=Wallwork%2C+J+C%3BKlevay%2C+L+M%3BSandstead%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Wallwork&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts in Federation Proceedings (Mar. 1 and Mar. 5), 1984, FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstract No. 2350 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - (23S)1,23,25-Trihydroxyvitamin D sub(3): Biologic activity and role in 1 alpha ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D sub(3)-26,23-lactone biosynthesis AN - 40653735; 0680798 AU - Horst, R L AU - Engstrom, G W AU - Napoli, J L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:PHARMACOLOGY KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40653735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=%2823S%291%2C23%2C25-Trihydroxyvitamin+D+sub%283%29%3A+Biologic+activity+and+role+in+1+alpha+%2C25-dihydroxyvitamin+D+sub%283%29-26%2C23-lactone+biosynthesis&rft.au=Horst%2C+R+L%3BEngstrom%2C+G+W%3BNapoli%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Horst&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts in Federation Proceedings (Mar. 1 and Mar. 5), 1984, FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstract No. 1179 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Milk and mineral intake of 45 infants exclusively breast-fed AN - 40650346; 0683377 AU - Butte, N F AU - Garza, C AU - Smith, E O AU - Nichols, B L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:PHARMACOLOGY KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40650346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Milk+and+mineral+intake+of+45+infants+exclusively+breast-fed&rft.au=Butte%2C+N+F%3BGarza%2C+C%3BSmith%2C+E+O%3BNichols%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Butte&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts in Federation Proceedings (Mar. 1 and Mar. 5), 1984, FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstract No. 2237 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Zinc absorption in young and in elderly men AN - 40649502; 0686975 AU - Turnlund, J R AU - Durkin, N AU - Margen, S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:PHARMACOLOGY KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40649502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Zinc+absorption+in+young+and+in+elderly+men&rft.au=Turnlund%2C+J+R%3BDurkin%2C+N%3BMargen%2C+S&rft.aulast=Turnlund&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts in Federation Proceedings (Mar. 1 and Mar. 5), 1984, FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstract No. 3302 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Aflatoxin contamination: maturity factor variation in susceptibility of corn kernels and cottonseed AN - 40626101; 0623092 AU - Lillehoj, E B AU - Wall, J H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40626101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Aflatoxin+contamination%3A+maturity+factor+variation+in+susceptibility+of+corn+kernels+and+cottonseed&rft.au=Lillehoj%2C+E+B%3BWall%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Lillehoj&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. O14 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cotton dust: an occupational source of airborne bacteria transported in glycocalyx AN - 40619302; 0628921 AU - Millner, P D AU - Kinoshita, M AU - Sjoblad, R D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40619302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cotton+dust%3A+an+occupational+source+of+airborne+bacteria+transported+in+glycocalyx&rft.au=Millner%2C+P+D%3BKinoshita%2C+M%3BSjoblad%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Millner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. Q95 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of sensor and soil variables on nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of soil water AN - 40599473; 0565664 AU - Paetzold, R F AU - Gish, T J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40599473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+sensor+and+soil+variables+on+nuclear+magnetic+resonance+measurement+of+soil+water&rft.au=Paetzold%2C+R+F%3BGish%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Paetzold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Bound volume of abstracts available: American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 U.S.; $7.00 outside U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Utilization of introduced species as new crops AN - 40597106; 0565515 AU - Jones, Q Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40597106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+introduced+species+as+new+crops&rft.au=Jones%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Bound volume of abstracts available: American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 U.S.; $7.00 outside U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potential of phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides L. Urb.) for warm-season forage AN - 40592219; 0564530 AU - Beuselinck, PR AU - Brennan, T M AU - Gildersleeve, R R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40592219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Potential+of+phasey+bean+%28Macroptilium+lathyroides+L.+Urb.%29+for+warm-season+forage&rft.au=Beuselinck%2C+PR%3BBrennan%2C+T+M%3BGildersleeve%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Beuselinck&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Bound volume of abstracts available: American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 U.S.; $7.00 outside U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Inheritance of leaf surface chemicals in tobacco and relationship to insect resistance AN - 40592071; 0562685 AU - Gwynn, G R AU - Severson, R F AU - Jackson, D M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40592071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Inheritance+of+leaf+surface+chemicals+in+tobacco+and+relationship+to+insect+resistance&rft.au=Gwynn%2C+G+R%3BSeverson%2C+R+F%3BJackson%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Gwynn&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Bound volume of abstracts available: American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 U.S.; $7.00 outside U.S. Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Plant availability of phosphorus from composted sewage sludge AN - 40591548; 0562888 AU - McCoy, J L AU - Weil, R R AU - Sikora, L J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40591548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Plant+availability+of+phosphorus+from+composted+sewage+sludge&rft.au=McCoy%2C+J+L%3BWeil%2C+R+R%3BSikora%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=McCoy&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Bound volume of abstracts available: American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 U.S.; $7.00 outside U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Seedling performance of different seed mass classes in two forage grasses AN - 40591333; 0560816 AU - Tischler, C R AU - Voigt, P W AU - Holt, E C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40591333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Seedling+performance+of+different+seed+mass+classes+in+two+forage+grasses&rft.au=Tischler%2C+C+R%3BVoigt%2C+P+W%3BHolt%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Tischler&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Bound volume of abstracts available: American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 U.S.; $7.00 outside U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Problems in classifying mine spoil soils AN - 40587687; 0558296 AU - Kosse, AD Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40587687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Problems+in+classifying+mine+spoil+soils&rft.au=Kosse%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Kosse&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Bound volume of abstracts available: American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 U.S.; $7.00 outside U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Corn root growth as affected by minimum tillage and N fertility AN - 40586900; 0558210 AU - Anderson, EL Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40586900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Corn+root+growth+as+affected+by+minimum+tillage+and+N+fertility&rft.au=Anderson%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Bound volume of abstracts available: American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 U.S.; $7.00 outside U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Long-term residual benefits from a broadcast P application AN - 40586273; 0561139 AU - Halvorson, AD AU - Black, AL Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40586273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Long-term+residual+benefits+from+a+broadcast+P+application&rft.au=Halvorson%2C+AD%3BBlack%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Halvorson&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Bound volume of abstracts available: American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 U.S.; $7.00 outside U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Changes in solute leakage and respiratory metabolism in field-weathered cottonseed AN - 40585752; 0563152 AU - Woodstock, L W AU - Furman, K AU - Leffler, H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40585752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Changes+in+solute+leakage+and+respiratory+metabolism+in+field-weathered+cottonseed&rft.au=Woodstock%2C+L+W%3BFurman%2C+K%3BLeffler%2C+H&rft.aulast=Woodstock&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Bound volume of abstracts available: American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 U.S.; $7.00 outside U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy prediction of forage quality and total nonstructural carbohydrates in legumes AN - 40585513; 0564096 AU - Marten, G C AU - Brink, GE AU - Halgerson, J L AU - Buxton Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40585513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Near+infrared+reflectance+spectroscopy+prediction+of+forage+quality+and+total+nonstructural+carbohydrates+in+legumes&rft.au=Marten%2C+G+C%3BBrink%2C+GE%3BHalgerson%2C+J+L%3BBuxton&rft.aulast=Marten&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Bound volume of abstracts available: American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA, Price: $6.00 U.S.; $7.00 outside U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Introduction of Metaphycus helvolus as a parasite of black scale on citrus in Florida AN - 40568134; 0526713 AU - Selhime, A G AU - McCoy, C W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40568134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Introduction+of+Metaphycus+helvolus+as+a+parasite+of+black+scale+on+citrus+in+Florida&rft.au=Selhime%2C+A+G%3BMcCoy%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Selhime&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: For information please contact: Florida Entomological Society, P.O. Box 12425, University Station, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of purified fibers added to a basic diet on apparent mineral balance of male subjects AN - 40557437; 0476049 AU - Behall, K M AU - Lee, K AU - Wilson, A AU - Prather, E S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40557437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+purified+fibers+added+to+a+basic+diet+on+apparent+mineral+balance+of+male+subjects&rft.au=Behall%2C+K+M%3BLee%2C+K%3BWilson%2C+A%3BPrather%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Behall&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts in: "Federation Proceedings", Mar. 1983, FASEB Special Publications Office, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstracts in a 3 vol. set. Price: $40.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Protection of C3H/HeJ and C3HeB/FeJ mice against oral Salmonella infection AN - 40518942; 0397689 AU - Phillips, M AU - Eisenstein, T K AU - Sultzer, B M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40518942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Protection+of+C3H%2FHeJ+and+C3HeB%2FFeJ+mice+against+oral+Salmonella+infection&rft.au=Phillips%2C+M%3BEisenstein%2C+T+K%3BSultzer%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: For information please contact: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydrostatic compaction of agricultural soils AN - 40509299; 0373208 AU - Bailey, A C AU - Johnson, CE AU - Schafer, R L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40509299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hydrostatic+compaction+of+agricultural+soils&rft.au=Bailey%2C+A+C%3BJohnson%2C+CE%3BSchafer%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085, USA, Proceedings may be ordered as a complete set ($720.00) or individually by paper number (members - $2.50/paper; non-members - $3.50/paper) Paper No. 82-1544 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of present conditions in a water resource project AN - 40508837; 0372206 AU - Doty, C W AU - Parsons, JE AU - Trabrizi, AN AU - Skaggs, R W AU - Badr, A W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40508837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+present+conditions+in+a+water+resource+project&rft.au=Doty%2C+C+W%3BParsons%2C+JE%3BTrabrizi%2C+AN%3BSkaggs%2C+R+W%3BBadr%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Doty&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085, USA, Proceedings may be ordered as a complete set ($720.00) or individually by paper number (members - $2.50/paper; non-members - $3.50/paper) Paper No. 82-2508 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Instrumentation for measuring continuous activity, feed, and water consumption, and growth rate of chickens AN - 40506794; 0374119 AU - Mitchell, B W AU - Siegel, H S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40506794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Instrumentation+for+measuring+continuous+activity%2C+feed%2C+and+water+consumption%2C+and+growth+rate+of+chickens&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+B+W%3BSiegel%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085, USA, Proceedings may be ordered as a complete set ($720.00) or individually by paper number (members - $2.50/paper; non-members - $3.50/paper) Paper No. 82-4560 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of tillage on wheat tillering AN - 40506291; 0373605 AU - Wilkins, DE AU - Klepper, B AU - Rickman, R W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40506291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+tillage+on+wheat+tillering&rft.au=Wilkins%2C+DE%3BKlepper%2C+B%3BRickman%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085, USA, Proceedings may be ordered as a complete set ($720.00) or individually by paper number (members - $2.50/paper; non-members - $3.50/paper) Paper No. 82-1512 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mechanical chili-pepper harvester AN - 40505819; 0373228 AU - Lenker, D H AU - Nascimento, D F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40505819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mechanical+chili-pepper+harvester&rft.au=Lenker%2C+D+H%3BNascimento%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Lenker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085, USA, Proceedings may be ordered as a complete set ($720.00) or individually by paper number (members - $2.50/paper; non-members - $3.50/paper) Oral N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Controlled environmental facility for exposing human subjects to cotton dust AN - 40505063; 0374049 AU - Cocke, J B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40505063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Controlled+environmental+facility+for+exposing+human+subjects+to+cotton+dust&rft.au=Cocke%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Cocke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085, USA, Proceedings may be ordered as a complete set ($720.00) or individually by paper number (members - $2.50/paper; non-members - $3.50/paper) Paper No. 82-3576 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Adaptation in wild and domesticated yellow-green aspergilli AN - 40501884; 0402573 AU - Wicklow, D T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40501884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Adaptation+in+wild+and+domesticated+yellow-green+aspergilli&rft.au=Wicklow%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Wicklow&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: For information please contact: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Atmospheric Pollutants Reduce the Growth of Yellow Poplar Seedlings AN - 40484495; 0304920 AU - Jensen, K F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40484495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+Pollutants+Reduce+the+Growth+of+Yellow+Poplar+Seedlings&rft.au=Jensen%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Write to individual societies requesting publishing information: Am. Fern Soc. (A); Am. Bryological & Lichenological Soc. (B); Am. Soc. Plant Taxonomists (C); Assn. Tropical Biology (D); Botanical Soc. Am. (E); Ecological Soc. Am. (F); Mycological Soc. Am. (G); Soc. Invertebrate Pathology (I), Paper No. E135 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Germination of Blue Grama Seeds Buried by Dung Beetles AN - 40482667; 0309913 AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Kumar, R AU - LLoyd, JE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40482667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Germination+of+Blue+Grama+Seeds+Buried+by+Dung+Beetles&rft.au=Wicklow%2C+D+T%3BKumar%2C+R%3BLLoyd%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Wicklow&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Write to individual societies requesting publishing information: Am. Fern Soc. (A); Am. Bryological & Lichenological Soc. (B); Am. Soc. Plant Taxonomists (C); Assn. Tropical Biology (D); Botanical Soc. Am. (E); Ecological Soc. Am. (F); Mycological Soc. Am. (G); Soc. Invertebrate Pathology (I), Paper No. F642 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Degradation of Oak by Lentinus edodes AN - 40482068; 0310690 AU - Leatham, G F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40482068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+Oak+by+Lentinus+edodes&rft.au=Leatham%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Leatham&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Write to individual societies requesting publishing information: Am. Fern Soc. (A); Am. Bryological & Lichenological Soc. (B); Am. Soc. Plant Taxonomists (C); Assn. Tropical Biology (D); Botanical Soc. Am. (E); Ecological Soc. Am. (F); Mycological Soc. Am. (G); Soc. Invertebrate Pathology (I), Paper No. G97 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pesticide/Microbe Interaction Effects on Persistence of Pesticide in Soil AN - 40472895; 0287932 AU - Kaufman, D D AU - Edwards, D F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40472895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pesticide%2FMicrobe+Interaction+Effects+on+Persistence+of+Pesticide+in+Soil&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+D+D%3BEdwards%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1983, Proceedings (4 volumes) available of papers with a "P" preceding abstract number. Write: Pergamon Press, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, UK, Abstracts available: Pesticide Science of Japan, c/o Japan Plant Protection Association, 1-43-11 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170, Japan Abstract No. PVIIF-4 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of Obesity in Force-Fed Rats AN - 40444946; 0244173 AU - Harris, RBS AU - Hausman, G J AU - Martin, R J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40444946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+Obesity+in+Force-Fed+Rats&rft.au=Harris%2C+RBS%3BHausman%2C+G+J%3BMartin%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=RBS&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts in: Journal of Nutrition, Jun. 1982, Journal of Nutrition, Subscription Dept., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, ISSN: 0022-3166; Price: $8.00 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Design of Furrow or Corrugation Irrigation Systems Using SCS Technique AN - 40437223; 0223404 AU - Collins, H G AU - Koluvek, P K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3000:CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40437223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Design+of+Furrow+or+Corrugation+Irrigation+Systems+Using+SCS+Technique&rft.au=Collins%2C+H+G%3BKoluvek%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1981, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, P.O. Box 410, St. Joseph, MI 49085, Order papers individually by paper number. Price: $2.50/paper for members; $3.50/paper for nonmembers Paper No. 81-2551 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nonstructural Measures in PL-566 Watershed Planning AN - 40426693; 0224793 AU - Colwick, AB AU - Featherston, J AU - Hodges, T C AU - Woodson, J M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3000:CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40426693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nonstructural+Measures+in+PL-566+Watershed+Planning&rft.au=Colwick%2C+AB%3BFeatherston%2C+J%3BHodges%2C+T+C%3BWoodson%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Colwick&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1981, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, P.O. Box 410, St. Joseph, MI 49085, Order papers individually by paper number. Price: $2.50/paper for members; $3.50/paper for nonmembers Paper No. 81-2564 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Response of Aquatic Plants to DPX-4189 AN - 40425500; 0163506 AU - Dechoretz, N AU - Anderson, LWJ Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40425500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Response+of+Aquatic+Plants+to+DPX-4189&rft.au=Dechoretz%2C+N%3BAnderson%2C+LWJ&rft.aulast=Dechoretz&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1982, Abstracts available: Weed Science Society of America, Claude Cruse, Executive Secretary, 309 West Cark St., Champaign, IL 61820, Abstract No. 80 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Greenhouse Comparison of Fluorescent-Incandescent, Metal Halide and High Pressure Sodium Lamps Under Conditions of Equal Photo-Synthetically Active Radiation (PAR) AN - 40419587; 0163892 AU - Hagin, R D AU - Roberts AU - Linscott, D L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40419587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Greenhouse+Comparison+of+Fluorescent-Incandescent%2C+Metal+Halide+and+High+Pressure+Sodium+Lamps+Under+Conditions+of+Equal+Photo-Synthetically+Active+Radiation+%28PAR%29&rft.au=Hagin%2C+R+D%3BRoberts%3BLinscott%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Hagin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1982, Abstracts available: Weed Science Society of America, Claude Cruse, Executive Secretary, 309 West Cark St., Champaign, IL 61820, Abstract No. 234 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Some Aspects of Broadleaf Weed Competition in Soybeans (Glycine max L.) AN - 40419254; 0163593 AU - Stoller, E W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40419254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Some+Aspects+of+Broadleaf+Weed+Competition+in+Soybeans+%28Glycine+max+L.%29&rft.au=Stoller%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Stoller&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1982, Abstracts available: Weed Science Society of America, Claude Cruse, Executive Secretary, 309 West Cark St., Champaign, IL 61820, Abstract No. 120 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Control, Emergence, Competition, and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Eastern Black Nightshade (Solanum ptycanthym Dun.) in Soybeans AN - 40415340; 0163351 AU - Wax, L M AU - Stoller, E W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40415340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Control%2C+Emergence%2C+Competition%2C+and+Photosynthetic+Efficiency+of+Eastern+Black+Nightshade+%28Solanum+ptycanthym+Dun.%29+in+Soybeans&rft.au=Wax%2C+L+M%3BStoller%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Wax&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1982, Abstracts available: Weed Science Society of America, Claude Cruse, Executive Secretary, 309 West Cark St., Champaign, IL 61820, Abstract No. 3 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Anesthetic Effects on Seed Dormancies: An Anomalous Effect of Ethanol on Curly Dock (Remex crispus L.) AN - 40409347; 0163909 AU - Taylorson, R B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40409347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Anesthetic+Effects+on+Seed+Dormancies%3A+An+Anomalous+Effect+of+Ethanol+on+Curly+Dock+%28Remex+crispus+L.%29&rft.au=Taylorson%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Taylorson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1982, Abstracts available: Weed Science Society of America, Claude Cruse, Executive Secretary, 309 West Cark St., Champaign, IL 61820, Abstract No. 239 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of low-calorie triacylglycerols: High performance liquid chromatographic characterization of short_ and long-chain triacylglycerols AN - 39299030; 3553351 AU - Lee, Ki-Teak AU - Jones, K C AU - Foglia, T A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39299030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Lipase-catalyzed+synthesis+of+low-calorie+triacylglycerols%3A+High+performance+liquid+chromatographic+characterization+of+short_+and+long-chain+triacylglycerols&rft.au=Lee%2C+Ki-Teak%3BJones%2C+K+C%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Ki-Teak&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Japan Oil Chemists' Society, Japan. Paper No. B1-03 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of an extreme winter (1995-96) flood on channel migration AN - 39287719; 3492066 AU - Barry, J AU - Robison, T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39287719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+an+extreme+winter+%281995-96%29+flood+on+channel+migration&rft.au=Barry%2C+J%3BRobison%2C+T&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Water Resources Association, 4 West Federal Street, PO Box 1626, Middleburg, VA 20118-1626, USA; phone: 540-687-8390; fax: 540-687-8395; email: info@awra.org; URL: http://www.awra.org/~awra, Full papers and selected abstracts available. Contact AWRA for price. N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-02 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Semiochemical coevolution between heteroptera and their tachinid fly parasitoids: GC-EAD detection and behavior AN - 39255038; 3544930 AU - Aldrich, J R AU - Zhang, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39255038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Semiochemical+coevolution+between+heteroptera+and+their+tachinid+fly+parasitoids%3A+GC-EAD+detection+and+behavior&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+J+R%3BZhang%2C+A&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Entomological Society of Japan, Japan; URL: http://www.embrapa.br/ice/. Paper No. 589 N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Review of areawide management strategies for corn rootworms in the United States AN - 39244477; 3544821 AU - Chandler, L D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39244477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Review+of+areawide+management+strategies+for+corn+rootworms+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Chandler%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Entomological Society of Japan, Japan; URL: http://www.embrapa.br/ice/. Paper No. 161 N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biotransformation of linoleic acid by Clavibacter sp. ALA 2: Isolation and characterization of bicyclic fatty acids AN - 39244154; 3523929 AU - Hou, C T AU - Gardener, H W AU - Weisleder, D AU - Brown, W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39244154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+linoleic+acid+by+Clavibacter+sp.+ALA+2%3A+Isolation+and+characterization+of+bicyclic+fatty+acids&rft.au=Hou%2C+C+T%3BGardener%2C+H+W%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BBrown%2C+W&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Oil Chemists' Society, AOCS Meetings and Exhibits Department, P.O. Box 3489, Champaign, Il 61826-3489, USA; phone: 1-217-359-2344; fax: 1-217-351-8091; email: meetings@aocs.org N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Management of animal waste on U.S. cropland: Analysis of the 1996-1998 agricultural resource management surveys AN - 39235353; 3535164 AU - Atwood, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39235353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Management+of+animal+waste+on+U.S.+cropland%3A+Analysis+of+the+1996-1998+agricultural+resource+management+surveys&rft.au=Atwood%2C+J&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd, Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; phone: 515 289 2331; fax: 515 289 1227; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - High levels of (+)-gossypol in cottonseed: Genetics and potential utilization AN - 39231041; 3524356 AU - Stipanovic, R AU - Bell, A AU - Puckhaber, L AU - Bailey, C AU - Ziehr, M AU - Kubena, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39231041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=High+levels+of+%28%2B%29-gossypol+in+cottonseed%3A+Genetics+and+potential+utilization&rft.au=Stipanovic%2C+R%3BBell%2C+A%3BPuckhaber%2C+L%3BBailey%2C+C%3BZiehr%2C+M%3BKubena%2C+L&rft.aulast=Stipanovic&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Oil Chemists' Society, AOCS Meetings and Exhibits Department, P.O. Box 3489, Champaign, Il 61826-3489, USA; phone: 1-217-359-2344; fax: 1-217-351-8091; email: meetings@aocs.org N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fumonisin B1-induced liver toxicity, liver free sphinganine, and lipid peroxidation compared in six different strains of male mice AN - 39206933; 3525515 AU - Riley, R T AU - Showker, J L AU - Voss, KA AU - Enongene, EN AU - Meredith, F I AU - Sharma, R P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 4300: Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39206933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+B1-induced+liver+toxicity%2C+liver+free+sphinganine%2C+and+lipid+peroxidation+compared+in+six+different+strains+of+male+mice&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BShowker%2C+J+L%3BVoss%2C+KA%3BEnongene%2C+EN%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BSharma%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Reston, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: (703) 438-3115; fax: (703) 438-3113; email: sothq@toxicology.org; URL: www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Preliminary assessment of regional bankful relationships in the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon AN - 39204669; 3543238 AU - Bakke, P D AU - Lucas, WM AU - McNamara, M L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300: Environmental Science KW - U 1200: Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39204669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Preliminary+assessment+of+regional+bankful+relationships+in+the+upper+Klamath+Basin%2C+Oregon&rft.au=Bakke%2C+P+D%3BLucas%2C+WM%3BMcNamara%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Bakke&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Water Resources Association, 950 Herndon Parkway, Suite 300, Herndon, VA 20170-5531, USA; URL: http://www.awra.org/~awra. Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of on-farm Quick Tests to estimate manure nitrogen AN - 39153282; 3490832 AU - Van Kessel, JS AU - Reeves, JB III Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39153282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+on-farm+Quick+Tests+to+estimate+manure+nitrogen&rft.au=Van+Kessel%2C+JS%3BReeves%2C+JB+III&rft.aulast=Van+Kessel&rft.aufirst=JS&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Animal Science, 1111 N. Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: asas@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org, Abstracts available. Price $15. Paper No. 527 N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Green tea polyphenols and vitamin E inhibit angiogenesis by suppressing IL-8 AN - 39152263; 3517429 AU - Tang, F-Y AU - Meydani, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39152263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Green+tea+polyphenols+and+vitamin+E+inhibit+angiogenesis+by+suppressing+IL-8&rft.au=Tang%2C+F-Y%3BMeydani%2C+M&rft.aulast=Tang&rft.aufirst=F-Y&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Elsevier Science, Inc., 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010-5107; phone: 212-633-3730; fax: 212-633-3680; email: usinfo-f@elsevier.com; URL: www.elsevier.com, Full Abstracts Available. N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte subset proliferative responses of Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle to purified protein derivative AN - 17743389; 4806329 AB - Despite highly successful eradication efforts in several countries, Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle remains a significant health concern worldwide. Immune mechanisms of resistance to and/or clearance of M. bovis infection of cattle, however, are unclear. Recent studies have provided evidence supporting a role for CD4 super(+), CD8 super(+), and gamma delta TCR super(+) T cells in the response of cattle to M. bovis. In the present study, we utilized a flow cytometric-based proliferation assay to determine the relative contribution of individual lymphocyte subsets in the response to M. bovis infection and/or sensitization with mycobacterial purified protein derivative (PPD). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M. bovis-infected cattle proliferated in response to in vitro stimulation with M. bovis PPD. CD4 super(+) T cells and gamma delta TCR super(+) cells were the predominate subsets of lymphocytes responding to PPD. gamma delta TCR super(+) cells also proliferated in non-stimulated cultures; however, the gamma delta TCR super(+) cell proliferative response of infected cattle was significantly ( p<0.05 ) greater in PPD-stimulated cultures as compared to non-stimulated cultures. Intradermal injection of PPD for comparative cervical testing (CCT) induced a boost in the in vitro proliferative response of CD4 super(+) but not gamma delta TCR super(+) cells of infected cattle. Administration of PPD for CCT also boosted interferon- gamma (IFN- gamma ) production by PBMC of infected cattle following in vitro stimulation with M. bovis PPD. Injection of PPD for CCT did not, however, elicit a proliferative or IFN- gamma response in cells isolated from non-infected cattle. These data indicate that CD4 super(+) and gamma delta TCR super(+) cells of M. bovis-infected cattle proliferate in a recall response to M. bovis PPD and that the CD4 super(+) cell response is boosted by intradermal injection with PPD for CCT. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Waters, W R AU - Palmer, M V AU - Pesch, BA AU - Olsen, S C AU - Wannemuehler, MJ AU - Whipple, D L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, PO Box 70, 50010-0070 Ames, IA USA Y1 - 2000/12/29/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 29 SP - 257 EP - 273 PB - Elsevier VL - 77 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - immunology KW - subpopulations KW - cattle KW - purified protein derivative KW - CD4 antigen KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - peripheral blood KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ^AT-cell receptor KW - Veterinary medicine KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Tuberculin KW - Immune response KW - Lymphocytes KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17743389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+subset+proliferative+responses+of+Mycobacterium+bovis-infected+cattle+to+purified+protein+derivative&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BPesch%2C+BA%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BWannemuehler%2C+MJ%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-29&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Tuberculin; Lymphocytes; Veterinary medicine; ^AT-cell receptor; Lymphocytes T; Immune response; ^g-Interferon ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transitions in immune responses to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis AN - 17832766; 4863757 AB - The host immune response to infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is paradoxical, with strong cell-mediated immune responses during the early, subclinical stages of infection and strong humoral responses during the late clinical stages of the disease. Cell-mediated immune responses modulated by various T cell subsets are essential to provide protective immunity and prevent progression of the disease. Secretion of cytokines by T cell populations serves to activate macrophages to kill ingested M. paratuberculosis as well as activate other T cell subsets to contain the infection. This paper reviews the current knowledge of T cell immune responses in M. paratuberculosis infection based upon clinical studies and research using mouse models. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Stabel, J R AD - USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA, jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12/20/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 20 SP - 465 EP - 473 VL - 77 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Macrophages KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - Immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Animal models KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Cytokines KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17832766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Transitions+in+immune+responses+to+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-20&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Immune response (cell-mediated); Lymphocytes T; Cytokines; Macrophages; Animal models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenesis of Organophosphorus Hydrolase to Enhance Hydrolysis of the Nerve Agent VX AN - 17741988; 4809529 AB - Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) is capable of hydrolyzing a wide variety of organophosphorus pesticides and chemical warfare agents. However, the hydrolytic activity of OPH against the warfare agent VX is less than 0.1% relative to its activity against parathion and paraoxon. Based on the crystal structure of OPH and the similarities it shares with acetylcholinesterase, eight OPH mutants were constructed with the goal of increasing OPH activity toward VX. The activities of crude extracts from these mutants were measured using VX, demeton-S methyl, diisopropylfluoro-phosphate, ethyl parathion, paraoxon, and EPN as substrates. One mutant (L136Y) displayed a 33% increase in the relative VX hydrolysis rate compared to wild type enzyme. The other seven mutations resulted in 55-76% decreases in the relative rates of VX hydrolysis. There was no apparent relationship between the hydrolysis rates of VX and the rates of the other organophosphorus compounds tested. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Gopal, S AU - Rastogi, V AU - Ashman, W AU - Mulbry, W AD - Soil Microbial Systems Lab, USDA/ARS, Building 001 Room 140 BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705., mulbryw@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12/20/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 20 SP - 516 EP - 519 PB - Academic Press VL - 279 IS - 2 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - VX KW - organophosphorus hydrolase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Crystal structure KW - Aryldialkylphosphatase KW - Paraoxon KW - Chemical warfare agents KW - Mutation KW - Hydrolysis KW - Parathion KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17741988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Mutagenesis+of+Organophosphorus+Hydrolase+to+Enhance+Hydrolysis+of+the+Nerve+Agent+VX&rft.au=Gopal%2C+S%3BRastogi%2C+V%3BAshman%2C+W%3BMulbry%2C+W&rft.aulast=Gopal&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-20&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fbbrc.2000.4004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydrolysis; Chemical warfare agents; Crystal structure; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Mutation; Paraoxon; Parathion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.4004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blue ribbon task force report on the future of Food Safety and Inspection Service veterinarians: public health professionals for the 21st century. AN - 72514507; 11132884 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Buntain, B J AD - Office of Public Health and Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20024, USA. Y1 - 2000/12/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 15 SP - 1828 EP - 1829 VL - 217 IS - 12 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Humans KW - Food-Processing Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology KW - Meat -- standards KW - Food Microbiology -- standards KW - Poultry Products -- standards KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Food Inspection -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Veterinarians KW - Food Supply -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Supply -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72514507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Blue+ribbon+task+force+report+on+the+future+of+Food+Safety+and+Inspection+Service+veterinarians%3A+public+health+professionals+for+the+21st+century.&rft.au=Buntain%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Buntain&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-15&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1828&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential artifact formation of dioxins in ball clay during supercritical fluid extraction. AN - 72512036; 11192175 AB - Earlier surveys indicate that meat, fish and dairy products are the principal source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) exposure in the diet. A recent finding by others of PCDDs in chickens that consumed a feed containing PCDD led to the finding of ball clay, an anti-caking agent, as the source. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was studied as a means to isolate PCDDs from commercial ball clays using GC-electron capture detection (muECD) as a means to screen for these contaminants. The finding of ng/g amounts and recoveries >100% in several samples of ball clay containing octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) suggested that PCDD may form artifactually as a result of analysis. Studies on pentachlorophenol (PCP) fortified ball clay were carried out by SFE and soxhlet extraction and the results compared. The values obtained by SFE were considered more problematic. The results obtained from ball clay suggest that precautions need to be exercised when using SFE to analyze for dioxins in solid samples containing chlorophenols. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Fiddler, W AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Shadwell, R J AU - Lehotay, S J AD - Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. Y1 - 2000/12/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 15 SP - 427 EP - 432 VL - 902 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Chlorophenols KW - 0 KW - Dioxins KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Chlorophenols -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Food Contamination KW - Chlorophenols -- chemistry KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- isolation & purification KW - Dioxins -- chemistry KW - Dioxins -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72512036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Potential+artifact+formation+of+dioxins+in+ball+clay+during+supercritical+fluid+extraction.&rft.au=Fiddler%2C+W%3BPensabene%2C+J+W%3BShadwell%2C+R+J%3BLehotay%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Fiddler&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-15&rft.volume=902&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-08 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by larvae of navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) and codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). AN - 72574514; 11223936 AB - Larvae of the navel orangeworm (NOW), Amyelois transitella (Walker), a major pest of almonds and pistachios, and the codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.), the principal pest of walnuts and pome fruits, are commonly found in tree nut kernels that can be contaminated with aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen. The ability of larvae of these insects to metabolize aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was examined. A field strain of NOW produced three AFB1 biotransformation products, chiefly aflatoxicol (AFL), and minor amounts of aflatoxin B2a (AFB2a) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). With AFL as a substrate, NOW larvae produced AFB1 and aflatoxicol M1 (AFLM1). A lab strain of CM larvae produced no detectable levels of AFB1 biotransformation products in comparison to a field strain which produced trace amounts of only AFL. Neither NOW nor CM produced AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), the principal carcinogenic metabolite of AFB1. In comparison, metabolism of AFB1 by chicken liver yielded mainly AFL, whereas mouse liver produced mostly AFM1 at a rate eightfold greater than AFL. Mouse liver also produced AFBO. The relatively high production of AFL by NOW compared to CM may reflect an adaptation to detoxify AFB1. NOW larvae frequently inhabit environments highly contaminated with fungi and, hence, aflatoxin. Only low amounts, if any, of this mycotoxin occur in the chief CM hosts, walnuts, and pome fruits. Characterizations of enzymes and co-factors involved in biotransformation of AFB1 are discussed. JF - Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology AU - Lee, S E AU - Campbell, B C AD - Plant Protection Research Unit, WRRC, USDA-ARS, Albany, California, USA. Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 166 EP - 174 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0739-4462, 0739-4462 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - NAD KW - 0U46U6E8UK KW - aflatoxicol KW - 45I1K5482V KW - NADP KW - 53-59-8 KW - Aflatoxin M1 KW - 6795-23-9 KW - aflatoxin B2 KW - 7SKR7S646P KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Larva KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - NADP -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Moths KW - Aflatoxins -- chemistry KW - NAD -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxin M1 -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxins -- metabolism KW - Chickens KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Aflatoxin M1 -- chemistry KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72574514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+insect+biochemistry+and+physiology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+metabolism+of+aflatoxin+B1+by+larvae+of+navel+orangeworm%2C+Amyelois+transitella+%28Walker%29+%28Insecta%2C+Lepidoptera%2C+Pyralidae%29+and+codling+moth%2C+Cydia+pomonella+%28L.%29+%28Insecta%2C+Lepidoptera%2C+Tortricidae%29.&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+E%3BCampbell%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+insect+biochemistry+and+physiology&rft.issn=07394462&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2001-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical aspects of castor oil biosynthesis. AN - 72569544; 11171276 AB - Castor oil is 90% ricinoleate (12-hydroxy-oleate) and has numerous industrial uses. Components of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) pose serious problems to processors. We are evaluating two complementary approaches to providing a safe source of castor oil. JF - Biochemical Society transactions AU - McKeon, T A AU - Chen, G Q AU - Lin, J T AD - Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA 94710, USA. tmckeon@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 972 EP - 974 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0300-5127, 0300-5127 KW - Acyl Coenzyme A KW - 0 KW - Allergens KW - Plant Lectins KW - Ricinoleic Acids KW - oleoyl-coenzyme A KW - 1716-06-9 KW - Castor Oil KW - 8001-79-4 KW - Ricin KW - 9009-86-3 KW - ricinoleic acid KW - I2D0F69854 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Ricin -- toxicity KW - Microsomes -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Models, Chemical KW - Acyl Coenzyme A -- metabolism KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Castor Bean -- metabolism KW - Castor Oil -- chemistry KW - Castor Oil -- biosynthesis KW - Ricinoleic Acids -- metabolism KW - Ricinoleic Acids -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72569544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Society+transactions&rft.atitle=Biochemical+aspects+of+castor+oil+biosynthesis.&rft.au=McKeon%2C+T+A%3BChen%2C+G+Q%3BLin%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=McKeon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=972&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Society+transactions&rft.issn=03005127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipase-catalysed production of biodiesel fuel from some Nigerian lauric oils. AN - 72568719; 11171279 AB - Fatty acids esters were produced from two Nigerian lauric oils, palm kernel oil and coconut oil, by transesterification of the oils with different alcohols using PS30 lipase as a catalyst. In the conversion of palm kernel oil to alkyl esters (biodiesel), ethanol gave the highest conversion of 72%, t-butanol 62%, 1-butanol 42%, n-propanol 42% and iso-propanol 24%, while only 15% methyl ester was observed with methanol. With coconut oil, 1-butanol and iso-butanol achieved 40% conversion, 1-propanol 16% and ethanol 35%, while only traces of methyl esters were observed using methanol. Studies on some fuel properties of palm kernel oil and its biodiesel showed that palm kernel oil had a viscosity of 32.40 mm2/s, a cloud point of 28 degrees C and a pour point of 22 degrees C, while its biodiesel fuel had a viscosity of 9.33 mm2/s, a cloud point of 12 degrees C and a pour point of 8 degrees C. Coconut oil had a viscosity of 28.58 mm(2)/s, a cloud point of 27 degrees C and a pour point of 20 degrees C, while its biodiesel fuel had a viscosity of 7.34 mm2/s, a cloud point of 5 degrees C and a pour point of -8 degrees C. Some of the fuel properties compared favourably with international biodiesel specifications. JF - Biochemical Society transactions AU - Abigor, R D AU - Uadia, P O AU - Foglia, T A AU - Haas, M J AU - Jones, K C AU - Okpefa, E AU - Obibuzor, J U AU - Bafor, M E AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. rdabigor@benin.nipost.com.ng Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 979 EP - 981 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0300-5127, 0300-5127 KW - Alcohols KW - 0 KW - Esters KW - Gasoline KW - Lauric Acids KW - Plant Oils KW - lauric acid KW - 1160N9NU9U KW - palm oil KW - 5QUO05548Z KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - coconut oil KW - Q9L0O73W7L KW - Index Medicus KW - Nigeria KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Catalysis KW - Lauric Acids -- metabolism KW - Alcohols -- metabolism KW - Lipase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72568719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Society+transactions&rft.atitle=Lipase-catalysed+production+of+biodiesel+fuel+from+some+Nigerian+lauric+oils.&rft.au=Abigor%2C+R+D%3BUadia%2C+P+O%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BHaas%2C+M+J%3BJones%2C+K+C%3BOkpefa%2C+E%3BObibuzor%2C+J+U%3BBafor%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Abigor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Society+transactions&rft.issn=03005127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a phospholipase Dalpha cDNA from tomato fruit. AN - 72566999; 11171219 AB - Phospholipase D (PLD) initiates phospholipid (PL) catabolism in plant cells and is also involved in signal transduction and retailoring of membrane PL. Total PL declines and phosphatidic acid increases in pericarp tissue during tomato fruit ripening, suggesting that increased PLD activity alters membrane structure. To assess the role of PLD in tomato ripening, we have begun a molecular genetic approach. Using a castor bean PLDalpha cDNA as a probe, a PLDalpha cDNA (LEPLD2) was isolated from our tomato fruit library. It has an open reading frame of 2421 nucleotides, encoding a polypeptide of 807 amino acids with a molecular mass of 92 kDa. The deduced LEPLD2 PLDalpha shares >75% sequence identity with PLDalphas from castor bean, tobacco and tomato. LEPLD2 transcript, detected by RNA gel-blot analysis, was very low in roots, low in stems, moderate in leaves, high in flowers, and increased in fruit during development and ripening. Expression of LEPLD2 in Escherichia coli yielded active enzyme, and a FLAG-PLDalpha fusion protein produced by transformed E. coli migrated close to the calculated 94 kDa on SDS/PAGE. JF - Biochemical Society transactions AU - Whitaker, B D AU - Smith, D L AU - Green, K C AD - Horticultural Crops Quality Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. WhitakeB@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 819 EP - 821 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0300-5127, 0300-5127 KW - 3' Untranslated Regions KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - RNA, Messenger KW - phospholipase D2 KW - EC 3.1.4.- KW - Phospholipase D KW - EC 3.1.4.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Castor Bean -- enzymology KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - 3' Untranslated Regions -- genetics KW - Gene Library KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- enzymology KW - Phospholipase D -- genetics KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- growth & development KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72566999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Society+transactions&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+phospholipase+Dalpha+cDNA+from+tomato+fruit.&rft.au=Whitaker%2C+B+D%3BSmith%2C+D+L%3BGreen%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Society+transactions&rft.issn=03005127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tebufenozide targeted against codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) adults, eggs, and larvae. AN - 72524089; 11142310 AB - The effectiveness of tebufenozide applied against the adult, egg, and larvae of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), was evaluated. Significant reductions in fecundity and egg hatch occurred after 1-h and 24-h exposures of females and 24-h exposures of males-only to residues in plastic plates. A significant reduction in egg hatch was also found after a 1-h exposure of males. The ovicidal effects of tebufenozide in field trials did not significantly differ for eggs laid on residues or treated topically. Corrected egg mortality exceeded 95% for cohorts laid 90% when applied early during emergence. Plots treated after the beginning of egg hatch had a larger proportion of injured fruits with shallow larval feeding. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Knight, A L AD - Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA 98951, USA. Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 1760 EP - 1767 VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hydrazines KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - tebufenozide KW - 112410-23-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Larva KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ovum KW - Hydrazines -- administration & dosage KW - Lepidoptera -- growth & development KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72524089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Tebufenozide+targeted+against+codling+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+adults%2C+eggs%2C+and+larvae.&rft.au=Knight%2C+A+L&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irradiation to ensure quarantine security for Cryptophlebia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in sapindaceous fruits from Hawaii. AN - 72522613; 11142322 AB - Studies were undertaken to determine whether irradiation treatment at 250 Gy, an accepted treatment for disinfestation of fruit flies in spindaceous fruits from Hawaii, would also disinfest fruit of two species of Cryptophlebia. Cryptophlebia illepida (Butler) was determined to be more tolerant of irradiation than Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower); therefore, C. illepida was the focus for detailed tests. Using the criterion of success in developing to the adult stage, the pattern of tolerance to irradiation in C. illepida was generally eggs or = 125 Gy. No C. illepida larvae receiving an irradiation dose > or = 125 Gy emerged as adults and produced viable eggs, indicating sterility can be achieved at doses well below 250 Gy. In large scale tests, when 11,256 late instars were irradiated with a target dose of 250 Gy, 951 pupated (8.4%) and none eclosed as adults. Within the pupal stage, tolerance increased with age; 7- to 8-d-old pupae (the oldest pupae tested) treated with an irradiation dose of 125 Gy produced viable offspring, whereas those treated with a dose of 250 Gy produced no viable offspring. Irradiation of adults with a target dose of 250 Gy before pairing and mating resulted in no viable eggs. Irradiation of actively ovipositing adult females resulted in no subsequent viable eggs. Therefore, the irradiation quarantine treatment of a minimum absorbed dose of 250 Gy approved for Hawaii's fruits will effectively disinfest fruits of any Cryptophlebia in addition to fruit flies. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Follett, P A AU - Lower, R A AD - US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 1848 EP - 1854 VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hawaii KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Oviposition KW - Female KW - Lepidoptera -- growth & development KW - Food Irradiation KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Fruit UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72522613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Irradiation+to+ensure+quarantine+security+for+Cryptophlebia+spp.+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+in+sapindaceous+fruits+from+Hawaii.&rft.au=Follett%2C+P+A%3BLower%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Follett&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of two granulosis viruses on the activity of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus. AN - 72520683; 11142292 AB - Two granulosis viruses (GV) were tested as enhancers for the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV). Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) CV (HaGV) had no detrimental effect upon larval growth and development, but in combination with LdMNPV it reduced both the LC50 and the LT50 for the NPV. In addition, the combination also adversely affected the growth and development of gypsy moth larvae. The LC50 of LdMNPV was reduced by as much as 300-fold (HaGV at 10(-2) dilution) and the LT50 was reduced by as much as 18% (HaGV at 10(-2) dilution). Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) GV reduced the LC50 of LdMNPV by as much as 13-fold but had no effect upon the LT50. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Shapiro, M AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 1633 EP - 1637 VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Larva -- virology KW - Larva -- growth & development KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Moths -- growth & development KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- physiology KW - Baculoviridae -- physiology KW - Moths -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72520683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+two+granulosis+viruses+on+the+activity+of+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of selected insecticides on the natural enemies Coleomegilla maculata and Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), and Bracon mellitor, Cardiochiles nigriceps, and Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in cotton. AN - 72518917; 11142293 AB - We evaluated the toxicity of three insecticides (lambda cyhalothrin, spinosad, and S-1812) to the natural enemies Bracon mellitor Say, Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), Geocoris punctipes (Say), and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, in topical, residual, and field assays. Lambda cyhalothrin exhibited the greatest toxicity to the natural enemies. In topical toxicity tests, lambda cyhalothrin adversely affected each natural enemy species studied. Residues of lambda cyhalothrin on cotton leaves were toxic to B. mellitor, C. nigriceps, C. maculata, and C. punctipes. Interestingly, residues of this insecticide were not very toxic to C. marginiventris and H. convergens. Geocoris punctipes and C. maculata numbers in the field generally were significantly lower for lambda cyhalothrin treatments than for the other four treatments, substantiating the previous tests. Although cotton aphids began to increase over all treatments around the middle of the test period, the number of cotton aphids in the lambda cyhalothrin plots was significantly higher than the number in any of the other treatments. As cotton aphids increased in lambda cyhalothrin field plots, the predator H. convergens also increased in number, indicating that lambda cyhalothrin did not adversely affect it in accordance with the residual tests. Spinosad exhibited marginal to excellent selectivity, but was highly toxic to each parasitoid species and G. punctipes in topical toxicity tests and to B. mellitor in residual tests. Spinosad generally did not affect the number of G. punctipes, H. convergens, and C. maculata in the field except for one day after the second application for G. punctipes. S-1812 exhibited good to excellent selectivity to the natural enemies. Some reduction of G. punctipes occurred for only a short period after the first and second application of this insecticide in the field. H. convergens and C. maculata were affected very little by S-1812. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Tillman, P G AU - Mulrooney, J E AD - Crop Protection and Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA. Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 1638 EP - 1643 VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Drug Combinations KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Macrolides KW - Nitriles KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Phenyl Ethers KW - Pyrethrins KW - S 1812 KW - cyhalothrin KW - V0V73PEB8M KW - spinosad KW - XPA88EAP6V KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Beetles KW - Hymenoptera KW - Gossypium KW - Insect Control KW - Hemiptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72518917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+selected+insecticides+on+the+natural+enemies+Coleomegilla+maculata+and+Hippodamia+convergens+%28Coleoptera%3A+Coccinellidae%29%2C+Geocoris+punctipes+%28Hemiptera%3A+Lygaeidae%29%2C+and+Bracon+mellitor%2C+Cardiochiles+nigriceps%2C+and+Cotesia+marginiventris+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+in+cotton.&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+G%3BMulrooney%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indirect reduction of ear molds and associated mycotoxins in Bacillus thuringiensis corn under controlled and open field conditions: utility and limitations. AN - 72518703; 11142297 AB - In 1995, ears of a experimental inbred (CG59-2) containing a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis Cry IA (b) gene driven by PEPC, pith and pollen promoters and artificially infested with Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) larvae in small plot studies were free from insect damage, whereas 40-50% of the corresponding non-Bt inbred ears were damaged. Bt inbred ears that were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus Link and Fusarium proliferatum T. Matsushima (Nirenberg) or exposed to natural mold inoculum after infestation with O. nubilalis were free of visible signs of mold, as compared with approximately 30-40% of the non-Bt ears similarly treated. Results in 1996 using the same inbred with a single allele dose of the Bt gene showed similar trends. Mean total fumonisin levels for non-Bt versus Bt inbred ears were not significantly different (2.8 versus 0.8 ppm, respectively) in 1996. In paired hybrid studies run in 0.4-ha (1-acre) fields, an event 176 Bt hybrid had significantly lower amounts of damage and signs of Fusarium spp. mold, but not fumonisin, compared with a corresponding non-Bt hybrid from 1996 to 1998. However, two hybrid pairs that contained either MON810 or Bt11 constructs examined in similar fields at the same site had lower levels of fumonisin in both 1997 (30- to 40-fold) and 1998. High intrafield variability in insect infestation and presence of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in Bt hybrids was apparently responsible for fewer significant differences in fumonisin levels in 1998. Similar trends for all three hybrid pairs were noted in small plot trials at another site. Incidence of other ear pests or insect predators varied as much among non-Bt hybrids as they did for Bt/non-Bt hybrid pairs. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Dowd, P F AD - Bioactive Agents Research Unit, USDA-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 1669 EP - 1679 VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genetic Engineering KW - Beetles KW - Fusarium KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Bacillus thuringiensis -- genetics KW - Aspergillus KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Zea mays -- genetics KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72518703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Indirect+reduction+of+ear+molds+and+associated+mycotoxins+in+Bacillus+thuringiensis+corn+under+controlled+and+open+field+conditions%3A+utility+and+limitations.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rapid DNA isolation procedure for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni by the polymerase chain reaction. AN - 72486813; 11123549 AB - We have developed an efficient process for rapidly isolating campylobacter DNA using mechanical disruption combined with the guanidine-based reagent DNAzol. Template DNA was isolated by this method from cultures of Campylobacter jejuni resistant to lysis by boiling or enzymes and identified following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using primers specific for the hippuricase gene. Direct detection of campylobacters in poultry-processing samples by PCR is demonstrated in chicken carcass rinses spiked with lysis-resistant C. jejuni. Our results indicate that this method of DNA isolation may be ideal for direct PCR detection of pathogenic bacteria in complex samples of widely varied origin, especially when the target organisms are difficult to lyse by other means. JF - Letters in applied microbiology AU - Englen, M D AU - Kelley, L C AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA. menglen@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 421 EP - 426 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Meat-Packing Industry KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- genetics KW - Food Microbiology KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Poultry -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72486813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=A+rapid+DNA+isolation+procedure+for+the+identification+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+by+the+polymerase+chain+reaction.&rft.au=Englen%2C+M+D%3BKelley%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Englen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Commission on Trichinellosis: recommendations on methods for the control of Trichinella in domestic and wild animals intended for human consumption. AN - 72437635; 11099850 AB - This document provides a uniform set of recommendations for the control of Trichinella at all levels (on the farm, at slaughter and in processed meats). These recommendations are based on the best scientific information available and represent the official position of the International Commission on Trichinellosis regarding acceptable control methods. These recommendations are subject to change as new scientific information becomes available. JF - Veterinary parasitology AU - Gamble, H R AU - Bessonov, A S AU - Cuperlovic, K AU - Gajadhar, A A AU - van Knapen, F AU - Noeckler, K AU - Schenone, H AU - Zhu, X AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Parasite Biology and Epidemiology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. rgamble@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 01 SP - 393 EP - 408 VL - 93 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-4017, 0304-4017 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Zoonoses KW - Abattoirs KW - Humans KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Trichinellosis -- prevention & control KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Food Parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72437635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+parasitology&rft.atitle=International+Commission+on+Trichinellosis%3A+recommendations+on+methods+for+the+control+of+Trichinella+in+domestic+and+wild+animals+intended+for+human+consumption.&rft.au=Gamble%2C+H+R%3BBessonov%2C+A+S%3BCuperlovic%2C+K%3BGajadhar%2C+A+A%3Bvan+Knapen%2C+F%3BNoeckler%2C+K%3BSchenone%2C+H%3BZhu%2C+X&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+parasitology&rft.issn=03044017&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection on surfaces and in Caco-2 cells of Campylobacter jejuni cells transformed with new gfp, yfp, and cfp marker plasmids. AN - 72432686; 11097924 AB - We have developed two sets of Campylobacter shuttle vectors containing either the gfp (green fluorescent protein), yfp (yellow fluorescent protein), or cfp (cyan fluorescent protein) reporter gene. In one set, the reporter gene is fused to a consensus Campylobacter promoter sequence (P(c)). The other set contains a pUC18 multicloning site upstream of the reporter gene, allowing the construction of transcriptional fusions using known promoters or random genomic fragments. C. jejuni cells transformed with the P(c) fusion plasmids are strongly fluorescent and easily visualized on chicken skin, on plant tissue, and within infected Caco-2 cells. In each C. jejuni strain tested, these plasmids were maintained over several passages in the absence of antibiotic selection. Also, in many C. jejuni strains, >91% of the cells transformed with the P(c) fusion plasmids remained fluorescent after several days. Experiments with yellow fluorescent and cyan fluorescent C. jejuni transformants suggest that aggregates containing two or more strains of C. jejuni may be present in an enrichment broth culture. Colonies arising from these aggregates would be heterologous in nature; therefore, isolation of a pure culture of C. jejuni, by selecting single colonies, from an environmental sample may not always yield a single strain. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Miller, W G AU - Bates, A H AU - Horn, S T AU - Brandl, M T AU - Wachtel, M R AU - Mandrell, R E AD - Food Safety and Health Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. bmiller@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 5426 EP - 5436 VL - 66 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Luminescent Proteins KW - yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria KW - Green Fluorescent Proteins KW - 147336-22-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Confocal KW - Animals KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Caco-2 Cells KW - Base Sequence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Bacterial Adhesion KW - Luminescent Proteins -- genetics KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- genetics KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- isolation & purification KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72432686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+on+surfaces+and+in+Caco-2+cells+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+cells+transformed+with+new+gfp%2C+yfp%2C+and+cfp+marker+plasmids.&rft.au=Miller%2C+W+G%3BBates%2C+A+H%3BHorn%2C+S+T%3BBrandl%2C+M+T%3BWachtel%2C+M+R%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF292557; GENBANK; AF292556; AF292559; AF292558; AF292560; AF292555 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Methods Enzymol. 1994;235:474-81 [8057919] Gene. 1997 Jun 3;191(2):149-53 [9218713] Gene. 1996;173(1 Spec No):59-65 [8707058] Biol Res. 1995;28(3):205-10 [9251750] Science. 1997 Sep 26;277(5334):2007-11 [9302299] Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1997 Jul-Aug;92(4):509-11 [9361745] J Bacteriol. 1998 Feb;180(3):594-9 [9457862] Lancet. 1998 Aug 22;352(9128):635-41 [9746040] Gene. 1999 Apr 1;230(1):61-7 [10196475] Lett Appl Microbiol. 1999 Apr;28(4):285-90 [10212441] Biotechniques. 1999 Apr;26(4):620-2 [10343896] Infect Immun. 1999 Aug;67(8):4171-82 [10417189] J Bacteriol. 1999 Aug;181(16):4798-804 [10438747] J Neuroimmunol. 1999 Dec;100(1-2):74-97 [10695718] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2000 Nov;13(11):1243-50 [11059491] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7347-51 [7012838] J Mol Biol. 1981 May 15;148(2):107-27 [7028991] J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Feb;19(2):169-71 [6699146] EMBO J. 1982;1(11):1399-404 [6327267] Gene. 1984 Feb;27(2):161-72 [6202587] Cell. 1984 Jul;37(3):1009-14 [6204765] EMBO J. 1985 Dec 16;4(13A):3583-7 [3937729] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Aug;53(8):1944-6 [3310888] Infect Immun. 1987 Nov;55(11):2816-21 [3312015] J Bacteriol. 1987 Nov;169(11):5320-3 [2822671] Annu Rev Med. 1989;40:269-85 [2658752] Infect Immun. 1989 Jul;57(7):2214-22 [2731988] J Bacteriol. 1990 Feb;172(2):949-55 [2404960] Gene. 1990 Sep 28;94(1):23-8 [2227449] J Infect Dis. 1992 Aug;166(2):308-15 [1634802] Infect Immun. 1992 Nov;60(11):4945-9 [1399005] Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Sep 11;20(17):4591-8 [1408761] J Med Microbiol. 1992 Nov;37(5):319-25 [1433253] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1992;46:35-64 [1444260] Microb Pathog. 1992 Nov;13(5):357-70 [1297914] J Bacteriol. 1993 Jul;175(14):4448-55 [8331072] Gene. 1993 Aug 16;130(1):127-30 [8344519] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1993 Aug 1;111(2-3):233-7 [8405932] Science. 1994 Feb 11;263(5148):802-5 [8303295] Jpn J Infect Dis. 1999 Jun;52(3):99-105 [10507987] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1996 Nov 15;145(1):87-94 [8931331] J Bacteriol. 1996 Dec;178(24):7159-66 [8955397] Trends Microbiol. 1997 Mar;5(3):96-102 [9080607] Infect Immun. 1994 Sep;62(9):3773-9 [8063393] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Has Working More Caused Married Women to Volunteer Less? Evidence from Time Diary Data, 1965 to 1993 AN - 60448429; 200200399 AB - Now that married women are working more for pay than they were three decades ago, are they less likely to volunteer? I use national time diary surveys conducted in 1965, 1975, 1985, & 1993 to document a decrease in the weekly volunteer participation rate of working-age married women, from 16.4% in 1965 to 9.3% in 1993. Changes in observable characteristics explain about 65% of the decrease in married women's volunteer participation from 1965 to 1985. The increased employment rates of married women as well as the changes in their parental status are substantial contributors to the decline in their volunteer participation. Married women's gain in educational attainment is the most important factor in the decline in their volunteer participation. However, married women's changing labor force & parental status do not explain why married women's volunteer participation continued to decline from 1985 to 1993. 7 Tables, 4 Figures, 3 Appendixes, 26 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly AU - Tiehen, Laura AD - Economic Research Service, US Dept Agriculture Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 505 EP - 529 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0899-7640, 0899-7640 KW - Volunteers KW - Wives KW - Working Women KW - Working Mothers KW - article KW - 0674: complex organization; voluntary associations/philanthropy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60448429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nonprofit+and+Voluntary+Sector+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Has+Working+More+Caused+Married+Women+to+Volunteer+Less%3F+Evidence+from+Time+Diary+Data%2C+1965+to+1993&rft.au=Tiehen%2C+Laura&rft.aulast=Tiehen&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nonprofit+and+Voluntary+Sector+Quarterly&rft.issn=08997640&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - NVSQEQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wives; Working Women; Volunteers; Working Mothers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Source apportionment of lake bed sediments to watersheds in an Upper Mississippi basin using a chemical mass balance method AN - 52271856; 2001-009644 AB - Sediment samples were collected from three known sources contributing to a depositional basin of the Upper Mississippi River, USA. The heavy silt fraction (2-63 mu m, density >2.95) isolated from the sediments was analyzed for 42 elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) to give signature profiles characteristic of each source catchment. Known proportions of heavy silt fractions from each source were mixed and the composite samples analyzed in the same way. The proportions of components in the composite samples were compared to their apportionments calculated statistically using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) chemical mass balance (CMB) air quality receptor model. This showed that the CMB technique can apportion sediments to their catchment sources reliably. The technique was then applied to dated sediments of Lake Pepin, in the Upper Mississippi basin, to apportion them to their contributing catchments. The results show that almost all the recent sediments deposited in the basin originated in the Minnesota River catchment, and that the sediment load increased over time as anthropogenic impacts increased. This technique could be used elsewhere to determine sediment provenance and identify changes in sediment sources over time. JF - Catena (Giessen) AU - Kelley, D W AU - Nater, E A Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 277 EP - 292 PB - Catena-Verlag Rohdenburg, Cremlingen-Destedt VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - Minnesota KW - sediment transport KW - Mississippi River basin KW - Goodhue County Minnesota KW - sedimentation KW - rivers and streams KW - watersheds KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - Lake Pepin KW - geochemical indicators KW - provenance KW - mass balance KW - sediments KW - lacustrine environment KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - Saint Croix River KW - lake sediments KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52271856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.atitle=Source+apportionment+of+lake+bed+sediments+to+watersheds+in+an+Upper+Mississippi+basin+using+a+chemical+mass+balance+method&rft.au=Kelley%2C+D+W%3BNater%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03418162 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CIJPD3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical composition; fluvial sedimentation; geochemical indicators; geochemistry; Goodhue County Minnesota; hydrology; lacustrine environment; Lake Pepin; lake sediments; mass balance; Minnesota; Mississippi River basin; North America; provenance; rivers and streams; Saint Croix River; sediment transport; sedimentation; sediments; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromate removal by dithionite-reduced clays; evidence from direct x-ray adsorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) of chromate reduction at clay surfaces AN - 52260494; 2001-019910 AB - Chromium(VI) in the environment is of particular concern because it is toxic to both plants and animals, even at low concentrations. As a redox-sensitive element, the fate and toxicity of chromium is controlled by soil reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions. In-situ remediation of chromium combines reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and immobilization of chromium on mineral surfaces. In this study, Fe-rich smectite, montmorillonite, illite, vermiculite, and kaolinite were examined to determine reactivity in sorption-reduction of Cr(VI). The clays were compared to forms that were reduced by sodium dithionite. Clays containing Fe(II) efficiently removed soluble Cr(VI) from solution. Chromium K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) suggested that clays containing Fe(II) reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III), immobilizing Cr at the clay/water interface. Adsorption of Cr(VI) by the Fe(II)-containing clay was a prerequisite for the coupled sorption-reduction reaction. Sodium dithionite added directly to aqueous suspensions of non-reduced clays reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III), but did not immobilize Cr on clay surfaces. The capacity of clays to reduce Cr(VI) is correlated with the ferrous iron content of the clays. For dithionite-reduced smectite, the exchangeable cation influenced the sorption reaction, and thus it also influenced the coupled sorption-reduction reaction of Cr(VI). The pH of the aqueous system affected both the amount of Cr(VI) reduced to Cr(III) and the partition of Cr(III) between aqueous and adsorbed species. A plot of pH vs. amount (adsorption envelope) adsorbed for the coupled sorption-reduction reaction of Cr by reduced smectite exhibited a similar pattern to that of typical anion-sorption. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Taylor, Robert W AU - Shen, Siyuan AU - Bleam, William F AU - Tu, Shu I Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 648 EP - 654 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - silicates KW - clay KW - sorption KW - clastic sediments KW - smectite KW - kaolinite KW - illite KW - citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite method KW - chromates KW - X-ray spectra KW - clay minerals KW - XANES spectra KW - toxicity KW - sediments KW - sheet silicates KW - spectra KW - reduction KW - montmorillonite KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52260494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=Chromate+removal+by+dithionite-reduced+clays%3B+evidence+from+direct+x-ray+adsorption+near+edge+spectroscopy+%28XANES%29+of+chromate+reduction+at+clay+surfaces&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Robert+W%3BShen%2C+Siyuan%3BBleam%2C+William+F%3BTu%2C+Shu+I&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=648&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chromates; citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite method; clastic sediments; clay; clay minerals; illite; kaolinite; montmorillonite; reduction; sediments; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; sorption; spectra; toxicity; X-ray spectra; XANES spectra ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A one-parameter relationship between unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention AN - 52257689; 2001-022797 JF - Soil Science AU - Pachepsky, Yakov AU - Rawls, Walter AU - Timlin, Dennis Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 911 EP - 919 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 165 IS - 12 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - United States KW - soils KW - scale factor KW - capillary pressure KW - moisture KW - data processing KW - connectivity KW - unsaturated zone KW - Hawaii KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - capillarity KW - UNSODA KW - models KW - transfer functions KW - retention KW - Oceania KW - data bases KW - Polynesia KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - pore water KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52257689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=A+one-parameter+relationship+between+unsaturated+hydraulic+conductivity+and+water+retention&rft.au=Pachepsky%2C+Yakov%3BRawls%2C+Walter%3BTimlin%2C+Dennis&rft.aulast=Pachepsky&rft.aufirst=Yakov&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - capillarity; capillary pressure; connectivity; data bases; data processing; East Pacific Ocean Islands; Hawaii; hydraulic conductivity; models; moisture; Oceania; Polynesia; pore water; retention; scale factor; soils; transfer functions; United States; unsaturated zone; UNSODA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Choosing to encourage or discourage: Perceived effectiveness of prescriptive versus proscriptive messages AN - 27229497; 2001-80-004119 (CE); 2001-80-001740 (MT); 0516990 (EN) AB - The estimated cost of repairing damage caused to recreational sites annually is in the hundreds of millions of dollars. These depreciative activities also reduce the quality of visitors' experiences in the damaged areas. Indirect methods, such as visitor education through brochures and signs, continue to be the least controversial management approaches to depreciative acts. Yet, the literature on studies examining the most effective message presentations remains sparse. A survey mailed to randomly selected National Association for Interpretation members assessed the perceived effectiveness of communications that encouraged positive conduct (proscriptive messages) versus those that discouraged negative conduct (proscriptive messages) in wildland and urban settings. Almost invariably, respondents viewed the encouragement-based prescriptive messages as more effective than the discouragement-based proscriptive messages. This finding stands in sharp contrast to an earlier study that discovered a preponderance of proscriptive versus prescriptive messages on signs in both wildland and urban recreational environments. Thus, although the great majority of interpreters see the encouragement of positive conduct as more effective, in practice, messages on signs are much more likely to discourage negative conduct. Reasons for this discrepancy are considered. JF - Environmental Management AU - Winter, Patricia L AU - Sagarin, Brad J AU - Rhoads, Kelton AU - Barrett, Daniel W AU - Cialdini, Robert B AD - USDA Forest Service, Riverside, CA, USA PY - 2000 SP - 589 EP - 594 PB - Springer-Verlag (New York), 175 Fifth Ave , New York, NY, 10010, USA, [URL:http://www.link.springer-ny.com] VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering (MT); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Management KW - Damage KW - Education KW - Environment KW - Supports KW - Repairing KW - Maintenance KW - Article KW - Industrial:Economics KW - EE 911:Cost and Value Engineering KW - EE 403:Urban and Regional Planning and Development KW - EE 913.5:Maintenance (EN) KW - EE 402.2:Public Buildings KW - EE 454:Environmental Engineering KW - EE 454.2:Environmental Impact and Protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27229497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Choosing+to+encourage+or+discourage%3A+Perceived+effectiveness+of+prescriptive+versus+proscriptive+messages&rft.au=Winter%2C+Patricia+L%3BSagarin%2C+Brad+J%3BRhoads%2C+Kelton%3BBarrett%2C+Daniel+W%3BCialdini%2C+Robert+B&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of elevated CO sub(2) on yield loss from a C sub(3) and C sub(4) weed in field-grown soybean AN - 20838922; 5308998 AB - Soybean (Glycine max) was grown at ambient and enhanced carbon dioxide (CO sub(2), + 250 mu L L super(-1) above ambient) with and without the presence of a C3 weed (lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L.) and a C4 weed (redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L.), in order to evaluate the impact of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO sub(2)] on crop production losses due to weeds. Weeds of a given species were sown at a density of two per metre of row. A significant reduction in soybean seed yield was observed with either weed species relative to the weed-free control at either [CO sub(2)]. However, for lambsquarters the reduction in soybean seed yield relative to the weed-free condition increased from 28 to 39% as CO sub(2) increased, with a 65% increase in the average dry weight of lambsquarters at enhanced [CO sub(2)]. Conversely, for pigweed, soybean seed yield losses diminished with increasing [CO sub(2)] from 45 to 30%, with no change in the average dry weight of pigweed. In a weed-free environment, elevated [CO sub(2)] resulted in a significant increase in vegetative dry weight and seed yield at maturity for soybean (33 and 24%, respectively) compared to the ambient CO sub(2) condition. Interestingly, the presence of either weed negated the ability of soybean to respond either vegetatively or reproductively to enhanced [CO sub(2)]. Results from this experiment suggest: (i) that rising [CO sub(2)] could alter current yield losses associated with competition from weeds; and (ii) that weed control will be crucial in realizing any potential increase in economic yield of agronomic crops such as soybean as atmospheric [CO sub(2)] increases. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Ziska, L H AD - Climate Stress Laboratory, Bldg 046 A, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 899 EP - 905 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 6 IS - 8 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Weeds KW - Seeds KW - Amaranthus retroflexus KW - Glycine max KW - Crops KW - Soybeans KW - Carbon dioxide effects on plants KW - Crop production KW - Carbon dioxide effects on crops KW - Economics KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Chenopodium album KW - Competition KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20838922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+on+yield+loss+from+a+C+sub%283%29+and+C+sub%284%29+weed+in+field-grown+soybean&rft.au=Ziska%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Ziska&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=899&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2486.2000.00364.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crop production; Weeds; Seeds; Economics; Carbon dioxide; Competition; Crops; Soybeans; Carbon dioxide effects on plants; Carbon dioxide effects on crops; Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Glycine max DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00364.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Presence of Penicillium expansum and Glomerella cingulata in Wounds on Apple Surfaces AN - 18393038; 5382045 AB - The survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the presence of one of two plant pathogens, Penicillium expansum and Glomerella cingulata, in wounds on apples was observed during 14 days storage at room temperature (RT) and at 4 degree C. The aim of this work was to determine if changes in apple physiology caused by the proliferation of fungal decay organisms would foster the survival of E. coli O157:H7. Trials were performed where (A) plant pathogens (4 log sub(10) spores) were added to apple wounds 4 days before the wounds were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (3 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1) apple) (both RT and 4 degree C storage), (B) plant pathogens and E. coli O157:H7 were added on the same day (both RT and 4 degree C storage), and (C) E. coli O157:H7 was added 2 days (RT storage) and 4 days (4 degree C storage) before plant pathogens. In all trials E. coli O157:H7 levels generally declined to <1 log sub(10) at 4 degree C storage, and in the presence of P. expansum at 4 degree C or RT. However, in the presence of G. cingulata at RT E. coli O157:H7 numbers increased from 3.18 to 4.03 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1) in the apple wound during trial A, from 3.26 to 6.31 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1) during trial B, and from 3.22 to 6.81 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1) during trial C. This effect is probably a consequence of the attendant rise in pH from 4.1 to approximately 6.8, observed with the proliferation of G. cingulata rot. Control apples (inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 only) were contaminated with opportunistic decay organisms at RT during trials A and B, leading to E. coli O157:H7 death. However, E. coli O157:H7 in control apples in trial C, where no contamination occurred, increased from 3.22 to 5.97 log sub(10) CFU g super(-1). The fact that E. coli O157:H7 can proliferate in areas of decay and/or injury on fruit highlights the hazards associated with the use of such fruit in the production of unpasteurized juice. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Riordan, DCR AU - Sapers, G M AU - Annous, BA AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1637 EP - 1642 VL - 63 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18393038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=The+Survival+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+the+Presence+of+Penicillium+expansum+and+Glomerella+cingulata+in+Wounds+on+Apple+Surfaces&rft.au=Riordan%2C+DCR%3BSapers%2C+G+M%3BAnnous%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Riordan&rft.aufirst=DCR&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of Salmonella Serotypes Shed in Feces of Beef Cows and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns AN - 18391559; 5382047 AB - Salmonella prevalence on cow-calf operations was studied as a part of a national study of health and management of the U.S. beef cow-calf industry and was conducted as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System. Within this study, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. shed in feces was determined. A total of 5,049 fecal samples were collected from 187 beef cow-calf operations each visited on a single occasion. The number of fecal samples collected per operation was predetermined based on herd size. Salmonellae were recovered from 1 or more fecal samples collected on 11.2% (21 of 187) of the operations. Overall 78 salmonellae representing 22 serotypes were recovered from 1.4% (70 of 5,049) of samples. Multiple serotypes were recovered from eight samples from a single operation. The five most common serotypes were Salmonella Oranienburg (21.8% of isolates), and Salmonella Cerro (21.8%), followed by Salmonella Anatum (10.3%), Salmonella Bredeney (9.0%), and Salmonella Mbandaka (5.1%). The most common serogroups identified were C sub(1) (33.3%), K (21.8%), B (16.7%), and E (15.4%). Even though the recovery rate of salmonellae from fecal samples was very low, 43.6% (34 of 78) and 38.5% (30 of 78) of the isolates were among the 10 most common serotypes from cattle with clinical signs of disease or isolated from humans, respectively. The majority of the isolates (50 of 78; 64.1%) were recovered from fecal samples from two operations. All isolates were screened for resistance to a panel of 17 antimicrobics, and 87.2% (68 of 78) were susceptible to all of the antimicrobics. The resistant isolates were most commonly resistant to streptomycin (n = 9) and/or sulfamethoxazole (n = 9). Nine isolates showed multiple ( greater than or equal to 2 antimicrobics) resistance most commonly to streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole (n = 6). JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Dargatz, DA AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Ladely AU - Ferris, KE AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Veterinary Services (USDA-APHIS-VS), Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1648 EP - 1653 VL - 63 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18391559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Survey+of+Salmonella+Serotypes+Shed+in+Feces+of+Beef+Cows+and+Their+Antimicrobial+Susceptibility+Patterns&rft.au=Dargatz%2C+DA%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BLadely%3BFerris%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Dargatz&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1648&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of Normal Flora by Irradiation and Its Effect on the Ability of Listeria monocytogenes to Multiply on Ground Turkey Stored at 7 degree C When Packaged under a Modified Atmosphere AN - 18388576; 5382056 AB - Listeria monocytogenes did not multiply faster during storage at 7 degree C on irradiated than on nonirradiated raw ground turkey, and there was a concentration-dependent inhibition of its multiplication by CO sub(2). Ground turkey was gamma irradiated at 5 degree C to 0, 1.5, and 2.5 kGy and inoculated ( similar to 100 CFU/g) after irradiation with a cocktail of L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, 15313, 49594, and 43256. The meat was then packaged in air-permeable pouches or under atmospheres containing 30 or 53% CO sub(2), 19% O sub(2), and 51 or 24% N sub(2) and stored at 7 degree C for up to 28 days. A dose of 2.5 kGy extended the time for the total plate count (TPC) to reach 10 super(7) CFU/g from 4 to 19 days compared to that for nonirradiated turkey in air-permeable pouches. Following a dose of 2.5 kGy at the end of the 28-day study, the TPCs were 10 super(6.42) and 10 super(4.98) under 25% and 50% CO sub(2) atmospheres, respectively. Under air, 30% CO sub(2), and 53% CO sub(2) atmospheres, the populations of L. monocytogenes after 19 days incubation were 10 super(4.89), 10 super(3.60), and 10 super(2.67) CFU/g. The populations of lactic acid bacteria and anaerobic or facultative bacteria were also reduced by irradiation. Irradiating ground turkey did not decrease its safety when it was contaminated following processing with L. monocytogenes. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Thayer, D W AU - Boyd, G AD - Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1702 EP - 1706 VL - 63 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - turkeys KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18388576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+Normal+Flora+by+Irradiation+and+Its+Effect+on+the+Ability+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+to+Multiply+on+Ground+Turkey+Stored+at+7+degree+C+When+Packaged+under+a+Modified+Atmosphere&rft.au=Thayer%2C+D+W%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1702&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restriction Endonuclease Analysis Discriminates Bordetella bronchiseptica Isolates AN - 18157010; 4869726 AB - One hundred ninety-five Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from 12 different host species worldwide were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis (REA). These isolates had previously been categorized into 19 PvuII ribotypes. Twenty restriction endonucleases were evaluated for use in REA. Digestion of chromosomal DNA with HinfI, followed by submarine electrophoresis in agarose gels and staining with ethidium bromide, produced DNA fragments in the 4.0- to 10-kb range, which readily discriminated B. bronchiseptica isolates, resulting in 48 fingerprint patterns. Moreover, AluI digestion of chromosomal DNA produced 39 distinct fingerprint profiles with DNA fragments ranging from 6.0 to 20.0 kb. While REA frequently provided more discriminatory power than ribotyping, there were examples where the use of ribotyping was more discriminatory than REA. Passage of selected isolates up to passage 25 did not change the REA profile. Moreover, the Bvg phase did not alter the fingerprint profile of chromosomal DNA from B. bronchiseptica strains digested with HinfI or AluI. Based on the results presented herein, the combination of REA and ribotyping should provide valuable information in understanding the molecular epidemiology of Bbronchiseptica infections. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Sacco, R E AU - Register, K B AU - Nordholm, GE AD - USDA/ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, Iowa, rsacco@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 4387 EP - 4393 VL - 38 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - isolates KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chromosomes KW - Typing KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - DNA KW - Deoxyribonuclease KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18157010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Restriction+Endonuclease+Analysis+Discriminates+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+Isolates&rft.au=Sacco%2C+R+E%3BRegister%2C+K+B%3BNordholm%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Sacco&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; Chromosomes; DNA; Typing; Deoxyribonuclease ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Soybean Genotypes with N sub(2) Fixation Tolerance to Water Deficits AN - 18120375; 5205657 AB - Symbiotic N sub(2) fixation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has been shown to be very sensitive to drying soil. Since this loss of N sub(2) fixation activity has a negative impact on crop yield under many cropping situations, alleviation of this response would be a major benefit. The objective of this research was to screen a large number of plant introduction lines in an effort to identify soybean germplasm that might have substantially decreased sensitivity of N sub(2) fixation to water deficits. A three-stage screening process was developed to narrow successively the number of candidate lines for tolerance in this trait. The first-stage screen involved the measurement of petiole ureide levels in a large number of plant introductions (approx. 1000 per year). Approximately 10% of the lines with low petiole ureide levels, which are generally associated with N sub(2) fixation tolerance, were selected. The second-stage screen involved subjecting field plots of each selected plant introduction to a sustained water deficit of approximately 3 wk and measuring N accumulation during this period. Again, about 10% of these lines were selected for the intensive third-stage screen based directly on an acetylene reduction assay during a cycle of soil drying. From an initial population of about 3000 plant introduction lines, eight lines were identified as having substantial tolerance of N sub(2) fixation to soil drying. These eight lines are to be used in physiological studies to investigate the basis of their tolerance, and in breeding efforts to incorporate this trait into commercial germplasm. JF - Crop Science AU - Sinclair, T R AU - Purcell, L C AU - Vadez, V AU - Serraj, R AU - King, CA AU - Nelson, R AD - USDA-ARS, Agronomy Physiology Laboratory, P.O. Box 110965, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0965, USA, trsincl@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1803 EP - 1809 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - soybean KW - Genetics Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drought resistance KW - Drying KW - Soil Water KW - Drought KW - Glycine max KW - Crops KW - Soybeans KW - Crop Yield KW - Water Stress KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - Nitrogen Fixation KW - Germplasm KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18120375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Soybean+Genotypes+with+N+sub%282%29+Fixation+Tolerance+to+Water+Deficits&rft.au=Sinclair%2C+T+R%3BPurcell%2C+L+C%3BVadez%2C+V%3BSerraj%2C+R%3BKing%2C+CA%3BNelson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drought resistance; Nitrogen fixation; Germplasm; Crops; Nitrogen Fixation; Drying; Drought; Soil Water; Water Stress; Crop Yield; Soybeans; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of primary cultures of brain cells from tilapia Oreochromis nilotica and other teleost cells in toxicity testing AN - 18069379; 4871676 AB - Chemical, bacterial, fungal and algal toxins occurring in the aquaculture and natural environments justify the need for rapid, inexpensive and accurate in vitro tests to predict toxicity. Primary cultures of teleost brain cells and cytotoxicity assays have not been previously employed to assess toxicity of these agents. Primary cultures of brain cells from tilapia and the following colorimetric assays, 5-(3-carboxylmethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl)-3-(4-sulfoph enyl) tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-(diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LHD), bromodeoxyuridine and neutral red (NR), were used to measure cytotoxicity and compared to results from other teleost primary cultures of brain cells and established cell lines. The results showed that primary brain cells were more sensitive than cell lines in predicting aquatic neurotoxicity. Significant positive correlations between MTS and MTT and between these tetrazolium-based assays and LDH were found. The NR assay was the least sensitive and was not positively correlated to the other assays. JF - Marine Environmental Research AU - Evans, J AU - Klesius, P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fish Diseases and Parasites Laboratory, Washington College, 300 Washington Avenue, Chestertown, MD 21620, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 125 EP - 126 VL - 50 IS - 1-5 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - Oreochromis nilotica KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Brain KW - Colorimetry KW - Cell culture KW - Toxicity tests KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Bioassays KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Analytical techniques KW - Brackishwater fish KW - Toxicity testing KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - O 4095:Instruments/Methods KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18069379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=The+use+of+primary+cultures+of+brain+cells+from+tilapia+Oreochromis+nilotica+and+other+teleost+cells+in+toxicity+testing&rft.au=Evans%2C+J%3BKlesius%2C+P&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1-5&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 10). N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cytotoxicity; Bioassays; Analytical techniques; Brain; Cell culture; Brackishwater fish; Toxicity tests; Aquatic organisms; Neurotoxicity; Colorimetry; Toxicity testing; Oreochromis niloticus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo and in vitro effects of benzothiazole on sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) AN - 18069326; 4871594 AB - Benzothiazole, a common chemical associated with tire manufacturing and industrial wastewater, is a principal component of both fresh water and estuarine tire leachate, a neurotoxicant to larval sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) in in vivo estuarine studies. The neurotoxic potential of benzothiazole was investigated following in vivo and in vitro exposure of sheepshead minnows to 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg/l benzothiazole. Following benzothiazole exposure, fish were evaluated for survival, growth and histological alterations. Fish mortality occurred after 5 days of exposure to 60 mg/l (LC sub(50) = 41.9). Significant decreases in larval growth were noted at all concentrations. Histologically, gills had cellular alterations but the central nervous system lacked the severe cellular damage seen in previous tire leachate exposure studies. Benzothiazole cytotoxicity to primary cultures of brain cells from sheepshead minnow and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and two epithelial cell lines was evaluated using a tetrazolium salt assay (MTT) at 1 and 4 days. In vitro results indicate primary cultures of brain cells are less sensitive to benzothiazole than epithelial cell lines. Significant cytotoxicity to the epithelial cell lines was noted at 30 and 60 mg/l concentrations. Histologically and cytotoxicologically, the present study indicates that benzothiazole is a gill toxicant and not a neurotoxicant. JF - Marine Environmental Research AU - Evans, J J AU - Shoemaker, CA AU - Klesius, PH AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, 300 Washington Ave, Chestertown, MD 21620, USA, joyce.evans@washcoll.edu Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 257 EP - 261 VL - 50 IS - 1-5 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - Benzothiazole KW - Cyprinodon variegatus KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - Sheepshead minnow KW - benzothiazole KW - histopathology KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Death KW - Histopathology KW - Larval development KW - Toxicity tests KW - Growth KW - Industrial wastes KW - Brackishwater fish KW - Gills KW - Mortality KW - Industrial effluents KW - Brain KW - Brackish KW - Toxicity KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Histology KW - Tires KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Toxicity (see also Lethal limits) KW - Waste water KW - Chemical pollutants KW - Toxicity testing KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18069326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=In+vivo+and+in+vitro+effects+of+benzothiazole+on+sheepshead+minnow+%28Cyprinodon+variegatus%29&rft.au=Evans%2C+J+J%3BShoemaker%2C+CA%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1-5&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 10). N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cytotoxicity; Industrial wastes; Brain; Histopathology; Chemical pollutants; Larval development; Brackishwater fish; Toxicity tests; Gills; Neurotoxicity; Waste water; Toxicity testing; Chemicals; Mortality; Growth; Histology; Industrial effluents; Tires; Death; Bioaccumulation; Toxicity (see also Lethal limits); Toxicity; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic Valuation of Resource Injuries in Natural Resource Liability Suits AN - 18017386; 4851324 AB - Several major federal environmental statutes enacted in the 1970s designate federal, state, and tribal resource management agencies as trustees of natural resources on behalf of the public and enable the trustees to recover damages for injuries to public resources. The measure of damages in the statutes is the cost of restoring the resources to baseline conditions, plus the interim loss in value from the time of the incident until full recovery of the resources. The statutory restriction limiting use of the monies to enhancing or creating natural resources motivated the development of an alternative measure for interim losses - the cost of compensatory restoration actions providing in-kind compensation. In this paper alternative measures of damages are outlined and approaches and methods for scaling compensatory restoration are discussed. Two basic scaling approaches are presented: a simplified in-kind trading procedure and the more general valuation approach, in which a variety of economic methods may be employed to assess the trade-offs between gains from proposed actions and interim losses from the injuries. Experience indicates that natural resource liability actions represent a potent tool for federal and state resource managers to address injuries to public resources. JF - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AU - Jones, CA AD - Resour. Economics Div., Economic Res. Service, U.S. Dept. of Agr., 1800 M St. NW, Room S4182, Washington, DC 20036, USA, cjones@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 358 EP - 365 VL - 126 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9496, 0733-9496 KW - public resources KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Low cost) KW - Resource management KW - Compensation KW - Injuries KW - Costs (see also Economics KW - Resources Management KW - Costs KW - Natural Resources KW - Economics KW - Cost analysis KW - Damage KW - Value KW - Federal regulations KW - Liability KW - Natural resources KW - Economic analysis KW - Public Lands KW - Resources KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - Q2 09424:Applied economics KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18017386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Economic+Valuation+of+Resource+Injuries+in+Natural+Resource+Liability+Suits&rft.au=Jones%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=358&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.issn=07339496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Value of Valuation. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Injuries; Natural resources; Cost analysis; Economic analysis; Liability; Federal regulations; Economics; Low cost); Compensation; Costs (see also Economics; Resources; Costs; Damage; Value; Natural Resources; Public Lands; Resources Management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic response of a small watershed model to generated precipitation AN - 17900050; 5137970 AB - Watershed models such as SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) simulate water quality impacts of land and water resource management alternatives. To simulate these impacts, long-term daily rainfall data are necessary. In the absence of measured rainfall data, watershed models use weather generators to simulate rainfall events. The objective of this study is to examine several daily precipitation generators in terms of the hydrologic response of SWAT. SWAT is generally applied to large river basins but has been validated and applied on the small watershed scale as well. Daily rainfall inputs included a 60-year measured rainfall record from 1939 to 1998 for Riesel, Texas, in the heart of the Blackland Prairie, and data generated with the precipitation components of three weather generation programs: WGEN, WXGEN, and USCLIMATE. Measured and generated rainfall were input into SWAT and run for a 53 ha watershed near Riesel, Texas. Rainfall totals, extreme rainfall events, and the resulting hydrologic responses of runoff volume and peak flows were then examined. For this study scenario, WXGEN was able to more closely match observed rainfall than WGEN and USCLIMATE. In terms of resulting SWAT hydrologic response, WXGEN rainfall best reproduced runoff volumes simulated with measured rainfall, and USCLIMATE performed better in reproducing peak runoff rates. These are important results as probabilities of exceeding runoff volume or peak flow thresholds are often questions of interest in watershed projects. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Harmel, R D AU - Richardson, C W AU - King, K W AD - USDA-ARS, 808 E. Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA, dharmel@brc.tamus.edu Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1483 EP - 1488 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Texas KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - River Basins KW - Rainfall KW - Water Quality KW - Hydrology KW - Flood Peak KW - Watersheds KW - Runoff KW - Water Use KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17900050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+response+of+a+small+watershed+model+to+generated+precipitation&rft.au=Harmel%2C+R+D%3BRichardson%2C+C+W%3BKing%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Harmel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land Use; River Basins; Rainfall; Water Quality; Hydrology; Flood Peak; Watersheds; Runoff; Water Use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff and soil loss as affected by the application of manure AN - 17897520; 5137981 AB - Manure has been used effectively to improve crop production and soil properties because it contains nutrients and organic matter. While it is generally accepted that the improved soil properties associated with manure application lead to changes in runoff and soil erosion, few studies have quantified these impacts. Water quality models used to assess watershed management and estimate total maximum daily load must accurately predict loading rates from fields where manure has been applied. This study was conducted to assemble and summarize information quantifying the effects of manure application on runoff and soil loss resulting from natural precipitation events, and to develop regression equations relating runoff and soil loss to annual manure application rates. For selected locations at which manure was added annually, runoff was reduced from 2 to 62%, and soil loss decreased from 15 to 65% compared to non-manured sites. Measured runoff and soil loss values were reduced substantially as manure application rates increased. Regression equations were developed relating runoff and soil loss to manure application for rates ranging from 11 to 45 Mg ha super(-1), and slope lengths varying from 21 to 24 m. The equations can be used in estimating environmental impacts or to account for manure applications in water quality modeling efforts. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Gilley, JE AU - Risse, L M AD - USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska, L.W. Chase Hall, Rm. 251, Lincoln, NE 68583-0934, USA, jgilley1@unl.edu Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1583 EP - 1588 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Regression Analysis KW - Fertilizers KW - Manure KW - Water Quality KW - Soil Properties KW - Soil Erosion KW - Runoff KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17897520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Runoff+and+soil+loss+as+affected+by+the+application+of+manure&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BRisse%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Regression Analysis; Fertilizers; Manure; Water Quality; Soil Properties; Soil Erosion; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of drip-flow/low-flow measuring devices for infiltrometer runoff measurements AN - 17897472; 5137971 AB - Runoff is generated on landscapes in a deterministic and random, but unquantifiable manner, and measurements of the spatial variability of infiltration and seepage under natural-precipitation conditions are highly desirable. Runoff from small natural-precipitation infiltrometer plots (0.25 m super(2)) under natural conditions can be merely drip flows, or they can be larger flows when runoff is produced simultaneously from high-intensity rains and seepage. A study of a drip-flow/low-flow nozzle/rotor flow-measuring system that met design requirements for runoff measurement is presented. Comparison of different nozzle configurations led to the selection of the rotor of a Price current meter, in combination with a unique nozzle that incorporated a drip diverter, an internal flow baffle, and drip-control silicone beads. The best nozzle/rotor combination yielded a rating curve with a resolution less than design requirements, and worked well with flows as high as similar to 6 L min super(-1), greater than design requirements. A combined function using linear segments for low flows, and a 4th degree polynomial for high flows, comprised the rating curve. The average residual error about the function was 0.113 L min super(-1). Unsteady flow tests with the nozzle showed that the rating curve and nozzle/rotor assembly worked well, with the median error in volume of -21 mL for 12 synthesized "events". The device is a standalone measuring system that can be placed anywhere on the landscape, and only electrical pulses, representing rotor-rotation speed require measurement. The nozzle/rotor system can be used for other applications in which drip and low flows need to be measured, such as for rain gauges, percolation flows from lysimeters, spring flows, etc. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bonta, J V AU - Goyal, V C AD - USDA-ARS, PO Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, bonta@coshocton.com Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1489 EP - 1498 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Percolation KW - Measuring Instruments KW - Infiltrometers KW - Rain Gages KW - Infiltration KW - Lysimeters KW - Runoff KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17897472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+drip-flow%2Flow-flow+measuring+devices+for+infiltrometer+runoff+measurements&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V%3BGoyal%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Percolation; Infiltrometers; Measuring Instruments; Rain Gages; Infiltration; Lysimeters; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Manning's roughness coefficient for shallow overland flow in non-submerged vegetative filter strips AN - 17897437; 5137967 AB - Results of an experimental study showed that overland flow in non-submerged vegetative filter strips can be described by the Petryk and Bosmajian's modified Manning's formula with a variable roughness coefficient. The roughness coefficient is made up of the shear stress caused by the boundary roughness and the drag force caused by the vegetative elements. The resistance due to vegetation was related to vegetation density and flow depth. For small flow rates, the shear stress at the boundary played the major role. As the flow rate increased, the drag force due to the vegetative elements became dominant. The model can be used to estimate flow velocity in vegetative filter strips (VFS). JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Jin, C-X AU - Roemkens, MJM AU - Griffioen, F AD - USDA-ARS-NSL, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA, jin@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1459 EP - 1466 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - vegetation filter strips KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Flow Velocity KW - Boundary Conditions KW - Vegetation KW - Mannings Equation KW - Runoff KW - Overland Flow KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17897437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Estimating+Manning%27s+roughness+coefficient+for+shallow+overland+flow+in+non-submerged+vegetative+filter+strips&rft.au=Jin%2C+C-X%3BRoemkens%2C+MJM%3BGriffioen%2C+F&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=C-X&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flow Velocity; Boundary Conditions; Vegetation; Mannings Equation; Runoff; Overland Flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of N-isopropylacetanilide in rat AN - 17894012; 5139135 AB - Radioactivity from oral doses of N-isopropyl[1- super(14)C]acetanilide was excreted in urine (53.5%), faeces (8.1%) and expired air (17.0%) of rat. Enterohepatic circulation occurred during formation of similar to 34% of the metabolites. N-isopropylacetanilide was metabolized by oxidation in all moieties of the molecule with subsequent conjugation with glucuronic and sulphuric acids. The sulphate ester of 4'-hydroxyacetanilide (acetaminophen) was the major metabolite (28% of the dose). JF - Xenobiotica AU - Larsen, G L AU - Feil, V J AU - Bakke, JE AD - USDA ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, PO Box 5674-University Station, Fargo, ND 58105, USA, larseng@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1153 EP - 1157 VL - 30 IS - 12 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - rats KW - N-Isopropylacetanilide KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Urine KW - Drug metabolism KW - Acetaminophen KW - X 24114:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17894012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+N-isopropylacetanilide+in+rat&rft.au=Larsen%2C+G+L%3BFeil%2C+V+J%3BBakke%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drug metabolism; Urine; Acetaminophen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediating Ni-phytotoxicity of contaminated Quarry muck soil using limestone and hydrous iron oxide AN - 17889473; 5120199 AB - Remediation of excessive soil metals in situ is receiving new attention because the alternative, soil removal and replacement, is very expensive, requires disposal of the removed soil and may achieve no better environmental remediation than the in situ treatments. A factorial pot experiment was conducted with two muck soils contaminated by a Ni refinery; we tested the effectiveness of making the soil calcareous and addition of freshly precipitated hydous ferric oxide (HFO) in reducing soil Ni phytotoxicity to the Ni-sensitive crops, oat and redbeet, and a Ni-resistant crop, wheat. Fertilized but otherwise untreated soil caused significant Ni phytotoxicity to oats and redbeet, but not to wheat, on both soils. Adding limestone reduced the concentration of Ni in shoots of all species and alleviated the symptoms specific to Ni phytotoxicity in oat (banded chlorosis). The addition of HFO was more effective in reducing shoot Ni concentration in the redbeets than in crops from the Poaceae family. Both amendments induced phosphorus and/or manganese deficiency depending on the crop tested. The experiment indicates that some combination of limestone and Fe oxides can readily remediate Ni phytotoxicity of the tested soils, but that Mn and P fertilizers would be needed to achieve practical in situ remediation of Ni phytotoxicity of Quarry muck (Terric Mesisol). JF - Canadian Journal of Soil Science AU - Kukier, U AU - Chaney, R L AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ukukier@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 581 EP - 583 VL - 80 IS - 4 SN - 0008-4271, 0008-4271 KW - quarries KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Limestone KW - Phytotoxicity KW - Soil contamination KW - Nitrogen KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17889473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Remediating+Ni-phytotoxicity+of+contaminated+Quarry+muck+soil+using+limestone+and+hydrous+iron+oxide&rft.au=Kukier%2C+U%3BChaney%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kukier&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Soil+Science&rft.issn=00084271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Limestone; Soil contamination; Soil remediation; Phytotoxicity; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying polymers to irrigation water: Evaluating strategies for furrow erosion control AN - 17889346; 5137979 AB - Adding dilute quantities of moderate-charge-density anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to furrow irrigation water can greatly reduce runoff soil losses and, in some cases, increase net infiltration. We evaluated different strategies for adding PAM to irrigation water to determine which was most effective. The PAM was applied to irrigation water in gated irrigation pipe as dry granules, or to furrow inflows as a stock solution. Treatment efficacy varied primarily with irrigation inflow-rate, PAM concentration in irrigation water, duration of furrow exposure, and total PAM applied. The most effective erosion-control treatments either (1) applied an initial dose of PAM at 10 mg L super(-1) in irrigation inflows only during the furrow advance period; (2) applied an initial 5 mg L super(-1) dose, then reapplied PAM for 5 to 15 min episodically at similar concentrations; or (3) continually applied 1 to 2 mg L super(-1) to irrigation inflows. The full-advance treatment reduced sediment loss by 93%, compared to 60% for the continuous 0.25 mg L super(-1) PAM application when slopes were 1 to 2%. Dry and solution applications controlled erosion about equally. The PAM applications were economical and effective methods for controlling furrow-irrigation induced erosion, under a broad range of field conditions. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Lentz, R D AU - Sojka, R E AD - USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341-5076, USA, lentz@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1561 EP - 1568 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - polyacrylamide KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Control KW - Erosion Control KW - Irrigation KW - Furrows KW - Infiltration KW - Polymers KW - Runoff KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17889346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Applying+polymers+to+irrigation+water%3A+Evaluating+strategies+for+furrow+erosion+control&rft.au=Lentz%2C+R+D%3BSojka%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment Control; Erosion Control; Furrows; Irrigation; Infiltration; Polymers; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does reduction of the eggshell occur concurrently with or subsequent to the evolution of viviparity in phrynosomatid lizards? AN - 17887697; 5127216 AB - Viviparity and placentation have evolved many times within squamate reptiles, but the sequence in which the attendant morphological modifications occur remains unclear. In particular, it is unknown whether a reduction of the egg shell occurs concurrently with longer periods of egg retention (i.e. increasingly advanced stages of embryogenesis at oviposition) or whether such thinning occurs after viviparity has evolved. To investigate this question, we evaluated the prediction that shell morphology and permeability vary systematically with the capacity to support embryonic development in utero (as judged by the maximum embryonic stage attainable in utero) in five species of oviparous sceloporine lizards and one lizard species in the sister genus Urosaurus. Despite major differences among species in the capacity to support embryogenesis, shell morphology (structure, thickness) and physiology (permeability to water vapour) did not vary as predicted. These results raise the intriguing possibility that other features associated with simple placentation (e.g. increased oviductal and chorioallantoic vascular density) evolve concurrently with longer periods of egg retention and viviparity and that shell thinning may occur subsequent to the evolution of viviparity, at least in sceloporine lizards. Copyright 2000 The Linnean Society of London JF - Biological Journal of the Linnean Society AU - Mathies, T AU - Andrews, R M AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154 U.S.A., Tom.C.Mathies@usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 719 EP - 736 PB - Academic Press VL - 71 IS - 4 SN - 0024-4066, 0024-4066 KW - Tree lizards KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Urosaurus KW - Viviparity KW - Eggs KW - Evolution KW - Y 25424:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) KW - D 04670:Reptiles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17887697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=Does+reduction+of+the+eggshell+occur+concurrently+with+or+subsequent+to+the+evolution+of+viviparity+in+phrynosomatid+lizards%3F&rft.au=Mathies%2C+T%3BAndrews%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Mathies&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=719&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.issn=00244066&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fbijl.2000.0471 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urosaurus; Evolution; Viviparity; Eggs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bijl.2000.0471 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence of Autumn Breeding in Red Squirrels, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, in Western Montana AN - 17881650; 5127570 AB - Red Squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) routinely breed biannually in eastern North America, but normally breed once annually in western North America. However, a postpartum estrus resulting in two breeding seasons per year has been documented within the maritime region of British Columbia. I present two accounts of Red Squirrel behavior suggestive of autumn breeding in Red Squirrels in western Montana, and supporting evidence from the literature suggesting that late-season breeding resulting from a postpartum estrus may occur periodically in Red Squirrels within the Rocky Mountains. JF - Canadian Field-Naturalist AU - Pearson, DE AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, PO Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 703 EP - 704 VL - 114 IS - 4 SN - 0008-3550, 0008-3550 KW - Red squirrel (American) KW - USA, Montana KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Reproductive status KW - Breeding KW - Tamiasciurus hudsonicus KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17881650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Field-Naturalist&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+Autumn+Breeding+in+Red+Squirrels%2C+Tamiasciurus+hudsonicus%2C+in+Western+Montana&rft.au=Pearson%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Field-Naturalist&rft.issn=00083550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tamiasciurus hudsonicus; Reproductive status; Breeding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antifungal peptides: Origin, activity, therapeutic potential TT - Peptidos antifungicos: origen, actividad y potencial terapeutico AN - 17879596; 5123801 AB - Antifungal peptides have been identified in a wide range of life forms which include plants, mammals, and microorganisms. Their structures are as varied as their antifungal properties. Semisynthetic and fully synthetic analogs have been developed from a few of these natural peptides that are superior to the parent compound. A few of these peptides hold promise in combating fungal infections and have entered clinical trials. JF - Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia AU - De Lucca, AJ AU - Walsh, ThJ AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS, New Orleans, LA, USA, adelucca@commserver.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 116 EP - 120 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 1130-1406, 1130-1406 KW - semisynthesis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Antifungal agents KW - Fungi KW - Microorganisms KW - Plants KW - Peptides KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17879596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Iberoamericana+De+Micologia&rft.atitle=Antifungal+peptides%3A+Origin%2C+activity%2C+therapeutic+potential&rft.au=De+Lucca%2C+AJ%3BWalsh%2C+ThJ&rft.aulast=De+Lucca&rft.aufirst=AJ&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+Iberoamericana+De+Micologia&rft.issn=11301406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fungi; Antifungal agents; Plants; Microorganisms; Peptides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and Pathogenicity of a Heterophyid Trematode Infecting the Gills of an Endangered Fish, the Fountain Darter, in Two Central Texas Spring-Fed Rivers AN - 17870428; 4882629 AB - Gills of 194 fountain darters Etheostoma fonticola collected from the Comal River in Texas from May 1997 through May 1998 were found to be parasitized with 8-1,524 metacercarial cysts of a heterophyid trematode tentatively identified as Centrocestus formosanus. The intensity of infection varied among three sites on the Comal River. In contrast, of 130 darters from the nearby San Marcos River that were examined, only 4 (3%) were infected, and these had 1-2 cysts per fish. Of 2,279 Melanoides tuberculata snails from the Comal River that were examined, 139 (6.1%) were infected with the trematode. Only 1 snail in 2,241 from the San Marcos River that were examined was infected. The presence of metacercariae in darters was associated with flared opercula, shortened or thickened gill filaments, epithelial hyperplasia, and engorged lamellae. The normal cartilage support of the filaments was distorted and displaced, leading to severe deformities of filament structure. Gill damage was severe and possibly life threatening for the darters with more than 800 cysts per fish (9% of examined fish). We suspect that fountain darter deaths were caused by the parasite in the Comal River during this study. JF - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AU - Mitchell, A J AU - Salmon, MJ AU - Huffman, D G AU - Goodwin, A E AU - Brandt, T M AD - Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Post Office Box 860, Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160, USA, dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 283 EP - 289 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0899-7659, 0899-7659 KW - Flukes KW - Fountain darter KW - Red-rim melania KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Parasites KW - Pathology KW - Population density KW - USA, Texas, San Marcos R. KW - Rare species KW - Freshwater KW - Etheostoma fonticola KW - Centrocestus formosanus KW - Trematoda KW - Melanoides tuberculata KW - USA, Texas, Comal R. KW - Gills KW - Mortality causes KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17870428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+Pathogenicity+of+a+Heterophyid+Trematode+Infecting+the+Gills+of+an+Endangered+Fish%2C+the+Fountain+Darter%2C+in+Two+Central+Texas+Spring-Fed+Rivers&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+A+J%3BSalmon%2C+MJ%3BHuffman%2C+D+G%3BGoodwin%2C+A+E%3BBrandt%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.issn=08997659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Pathology; Population density; Rare species; Mortality causes; Gills; Etheostoma fonticola; Centrocestus formosanus; Trematoda; Melanoides tuberculata; USA, Texas, San Marcos R.; USA, Texas, Comal R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Isolation of Edwardsiella ictaluri with a Limited Tolerance for Aerobic Growth from Channel Catfish AN - 17869991; 4882631 AB - While culturing trunk kidneys from channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus with deep ulcerative lesions, we discovered strains of Edwardsiella ictaluri that could not be isolated under aerobic conditions. After passage of these bacterial isolates in an aerobic environment, minimal growth was observed. In thioglycolate broth, the passaged isolates had growth characteristics of bacteria with a limited tolerance for oxygen. Isolate S97-133, from May 1997, was identified as E. ictaluri by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory, Ames, Iowa. The S97-133 isolate and three others from 1994 were also definitively identified as E. ictaluri by the use of the monoclonal immuno dot-blot technique. In all, eight isolates were obtained from channel catfish over an 8-year period. All isolates were obtained during the months of May, June, July, and November. JF - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AU - Mitchell, A J AU - Goodwin, A E AD - Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Post Office Box 860, 2955 Highway East 130, Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160, USA, dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 297 EP - 300 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0899-7659, 0899-7659 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Tolerance KW - Aerobic conditions KW - Fish diseases KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Kidney KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Aquatic environment KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17869991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.atitle=The+Isolation+of+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+with+a+Limited+Tolerance+for+Aerobic+Growth+from+Channel+Catfish&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+A+J%3BGoodwin%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.issn=08997659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tolerance; Pathogenic bacteria; Fish diseases; Dissolved oxygen; Aerobic conditions; Kidney; Aquatic environment; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of Conophthorus spp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to behavioral chemicals in field trials: A transcontinental perspective AN - 17842996; 4875451 AB - We tested six behavioral chemicals, pityol, conophthorin, 4-allylanisole, verbenone, 2-hexenol, and alpha -pinene, in a series of field trials directed at six combinations of Conophthorus Hopkins - Pinus L. spp. (Pinaceae) in sites distributed across North America. Beetle - host tree combinations included Conophthorus ponderosae Hopkins on Pinus ponderosa Laws., C. ponderosae on Pinus monticola Dougl., Conophthorus conicolens Wood on Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl., Conophthorus teocotum Wood on Pinus teocote Schl. & Cham., Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz) on Pinus strobus L., and Conophthorus resinosae Hopkins on Pinus resinosa Ait. trans-Verbenol was tested only on C. resinosae on P. resinosa. Traps baited with pityol caught more beetles than unbaited traps in nearly all of the assays, and conophthorin consistently inhibited male beetle response to pityol for all species tested. Behavioral responses of species of Conophthorus to alpha -pinene appeared to parallel host phylogeny, inasmuch as beetles using Haploxylon pines as hosts utilized alpha -pinene as a synergist for the beetle-produced pityol, whereas beetles using Diploxylon pines as hosts did not. alpha -Pinene was a synergist for pityol in C. ponderosae on P. monticola and C. coniperda on P. strobus, but not for species of Conophthorus on any other pines tested. Conophthorus ponderosae on P. ponderosa was the only beetle-host combination tested where verbenone was a synergist for pityol, but this effect was not consistent in all years of testing. It was also the only beetle-host combination in which 4-allylanisole was a repellent. For all other beetle-host combinations, verbenone was neutral to slightly repellent and 4-allylanisole was either synergistic or neutral in pityol-baited traps. Promising synergists and interruptants/repellents were identified for implementation in pest-management regimes, including conophthorin as an interruptant for all species of Conophthorus tested, 4-allylanisole as an interruptant for C. ponderosae on P. ponderosa, alpha -pinene as a synergist for pityol in all species tested on Haploxylon pines, and 4-allylanisole as a synergist for pityol in C. conicolens and C. coniperda.. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Rappaport, NG AU - Stein, J D AU - del Rio Mora, AA AU - DeBarr, G AU - de Groot, P AU - Mori, S AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Berkeley, California, United States 94701, nrappaport@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 925 EP - 937 VL - 132 IS - 6 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Coleoptera KW - field trials KW - Bark beetles KW - 2-Hexenol KW - 4-Allylanisole KW - alpha -Pinene KW - conophthorin KW - pityol KW - verbenone KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - ^a-Pinene KW - Sex pheromone KW - Scolytidae KW - Attraction KW - Conophthorus KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17842996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Responses+of+Conophthorus+spp.+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+to+behavioral+chemicals+in+field+trials%3A+A+transcontinental+perspective&rft.au=Rappaport%2C+NG%3BStein%2C+J+D%3Bdel+Rio+Mora%2C+AA%3BDeBarr%2C+G%3Bde+Groot%2C+P%3BMori%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rappaport&rft.aufirst=NG&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=925&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conophthorus; Scolytidae; Sex pheromone; Attraction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of physiological versus pharmacological beta -carotene supplementation on cell proliferation and histopathological changes in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed ferrets AN - 17841265; 4868927 AB - There remains a remarkable discordance between the results of observational epidemiological studies and intervention trials using beta -carotene as a potential chemopreventive agent. One question that needs to be examined is whether the adverse outcomes of human beta -carotene trials are related to the large doses of beta -carotene that were administered. In the present study, ferrets were given a physiological (low) dose or a pharmacological (high) dose of beta -carotene supplementation (0.43 mg versus 2.4 mg/kg body wt/day, which is equivalent to 6 mg versus 30 mg/day in humans) and exposed to cigarette smoke for 6 months. We investigated the effects of these doses of beta -carotene on retinoid concentrations, expression of retinoic acid receptors (RARs), activator protein 1 (AP-1; c-Jun and c-Fos), cyclin D1, proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA), and histopathological changes in the lungs of both normal and cigarette smoke-exposed ferrets. Thirty-six male ferrets were treated in six groups control, smoke-exposed (SM), low-dose beta -carotene (LBC), high-dose beta -carotene (HBC), low-dose beta -carotene plus smoke exposure (LBC+SM) or high-dose beta -carotene plus smoke exposure (HBC+SM) - for 6 months. Retinoic acid concentration and RAR beta gene expression, but not expression of RAR alpha and RAR gamma , was reduced in the lung tissue of HBC+SM, HBC, SM and LBC+SM ferrets, but not in that of LBC ferrets, as compared with the control group. Expression of AP-1 and PCNA was greater in HBC+SM, HBC, SM and LBC+SM ferrets, but not in the LBC ferrets, as compared with the control group. Increased amounts of cyclin D1 and keratinized squamous metaplasia were observed in the lung tissue of HBC+SM, HBC and SM groups but not in that of the LBC+SM, LBC or control groups. These data suggest that, in contrast with a pharmacological dose of beta -carotene, a physiological dose of beta -carotene in smoke-exposed ferrets has no potentially detrimental effects and may afford weak protection against lung damage induced by cigarette smoke. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Liu, Chun AU - Wang, Xiang-Dong AU - Bronson, R T AU - Smith, DE AU - Krinsky, NI AU - Russell, R M AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture,,Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 2245 EP - 2253 VL - 21 IS - 12 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - histopathology KW - ferrets KW - beta -Carotene KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - ^b-Carotene KW - Smoking KW - Lung KW - Tobacco KW - Cigarette smoke KW - Cell proliferation KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17841265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Effects+of+physiological+versus+pharmacological+beta+-carotene+supplementation+on+cell+proliferation+and+histopathological+changes+in+the+lungs+of+cigarette+smoke-exposed+ferrets&rft.au=Liu%2C+Chun%3BWang%2C+Xiang-Dong%3BBronson%2C+R+T%3BSmith%2C+DE%3BKrinsky%2C+NI%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Chun&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoking; Cigarette smoke; Tobacco; Cell proliferation; Lung ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical displacement of Ips latidens and Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) by semiochemical interruption AN - 17841185; 4875440 AB - The effect of semiochemical interruptants was examined for Ips latidens (LeConte) and Ips pini (Say) using artificial trees (tall-traps) consisting of an array of seven Lindgren multiple-funnel traps suspended vertically on a rope ladder. S-(+)-Ipsdienol reduced the numbers of I. latidens captured in ( plus or minus )-ipsenol-baited funnel traps relative to funnel traps immediately above them and to control tall-traps. The combination of ( plus or minus )-exo-brevicomin and cis- and trans-verbenol reduced the numbers of I. pini captured in ( plus or minus )-ipsdienol-baited funnel traps relative to funnel traps immediately above them and to control tall-traps. These results provide support for semiochemical-based pest-management tactics that utilize a point source of interruptant at the base of a tree while noting limitations in behavioural effects and efficacy. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Miller AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602-2044, United States, dmiller03@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 789 EP - 797 VL - 132 IS - 6 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Coleoptera KW - Bark beetles KW - ipsdienol KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Pheromone traps KW - Pest control KW - Host plants KW - Semiochemicals KW - Ips KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17841185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Vertical+displacement+of+Ips+latidens+and+Ips+pini+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+by+semiochemical+interruption&rft.au=Miller&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scolytidae; Ips; Semiochemicals; Host plants; Pheromone traps; Pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella Strains and Escherichia coli O157:H7 with Fluorogenic PCR and Single-Enrichment-Broth Culture AN - 17839892; 4869126 AB - A multiplex fluorogenic PCR assay for simultaneous detection of pathogenic Salmonella strains and Escherichia coli O157:H7 was developed and evaluated for use in detecting very low levels of these pathogens in meat and feces. Two sets of primers were used to amplify a junctional segment of virulence genes sipB and sipC of Salmonella and an intragenic segment of gene eae of Ecoli O157:H7. Fluorogenic reporter probes were included in the PCR assay for automated and specific detection of amplified products. The assay could detect <10 CFU of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or E. coli O157:H7 per g of meat or feces artificially inoculated with these pathogens and cultured for 6 to 18 h in a single enrichment broth. Detection of amplification products could be completed in <4 h after enrichment. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Sharma, V K AU - Carlson, SA AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, vsharma@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 5472 EP - 5476 VL - 66 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - bioassays KW - detection KW - sipB gene KW - sipC gene KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Meat KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Feces KW - Salmonella KW - Media (isolation) KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17839892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+Detection+of+Salmonella+Strains+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+with+Fluorogenic+PCR+and+Single-Enrichment-Broth+Culture&rft.au=Sharma%2C+V+K%3BCarlson%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Escherichia coli; Salmonella enterica; Media (isolation); Polymerase chain reaction; Meat; Feces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attractant pheromone and allomone from the metathoracic scent gland of a broad-headed bug (Hemiptera: Alydidae) AN - 17839715; 4875450 AB - Females of Alydus eurinus (Say) release an attractant pheromone from their metathoracic scent gland. Conspecific males and, to a lesser extent, females and nymphs were attracted to blends containing the female-specific essential pheromone components 2-methylbutyl butyrate and (E)-2-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate, whereas individuals of Alydus pilosulus Herrick-Schaeffer were not attracted. When attacked, however, alydid adults emit chemicals for defense--butyric and hexanoic acids in A. eurinus--from the metathoracic scent glands. Mimicry is actually the first line of defense for most broad-headed bugs, including the common North American species studied here, whose nymphs are remarkable ant mimics and whose adults strongly resemble spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). The possibility that disparate heteropterans (Hemiptera) produce sexual pheromones in their metathoracic scent glands must be considered in future pheromone research on heteropterans, especially for species with the specialized lines of defense indicated by aposematism or mimicry. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Aldrich, J R AU - Zhang, A AU - Oliver, JE AD - USDA-ARS, Chemical Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, Maryland, United States 20705, aldrichj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 915 EP - 923 VL - 132 IS - 6 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Hemiptera KW - females KW - Broad-headed bugs KW - metathoracic glands KW - scent gland KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mimicry KW - Sex pheromone KW - Attractancy KW - Alydidae KW - Semiochemicals KW - Defense KW - Alydus eurinus KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18054:Others KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17839715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Attractant+pheromone+and+allomone+from+the+metathoracic+scent+gland+of+a+broad-headed+bug+%28Hemiptera%3A+Alydidae%29&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+J+R%3BZhang%2C+A%3BOliver%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alydidae; Alydus eurinus; Sex pheromone; Semiochemicals; Attractancy; Mimicry; Defense ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Potential for Carbon Sequestration Through Reforestation of Abandoned Tropical Agricultural and Pasture Lands AN - 17830844; 4866386 AB - Approximately half of the tropical biome is in some stage of recovery from past human disturbance, most of which is in secondary forests growing on abandoned agricultural lands and pastures. Reforestation of these abandoned lands, both natural and managed, has been proposed as a means to help offset increasing carbon emissions to the atmosphere. In this paper we discuss the potential of these forests to serve as sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide in aboveground biomass and soils. A review of literature data shows that aboveground biomass increases at a rate of 6. 2 Mg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) during the first 20 years of succession, and at a rate of 2. 9 Mg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) over the first 80 years of regrowth. During the first 20 years of regrowth, forests in wet life zones have the fastest rate of aboveground carbon accumulation with reforestation, followed by dry and moist forests. Soil carbon accumulated at a rate of 0. 41 Mg ha super(-1 )yr super(-1) over a 100-year period, and at faster rates during the first 20 years (1. 30 Mg carbon ha super(-1) yr super(-1)). Past land use affects the rate of both above- and belowground carbon sequestration. Forests growing on abandoned agricultural land accumulate biomass faster than other past land uses, while soil carbon accumulates faster on sites that were cleared but not developed, and on pasture sites. Our results indicate that tropical reforestation has the potential to serve as a carbon offset mechanism both above- and belowground for at least 40 to 80 years, and possibly much longer. More research is needed to determine the potential for longer-term carbon sequestration for mitigation of atmospheric CO emissions. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Silver, L W AU - Ostertag, R AU - Lugo, E A AD - Ecosystem Sciences Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, 151 Hilgard Hall #3110, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00928 Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 394 EP - 407 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Agricultural land KW - Carbon cycle KW - Pasture KW - Reforestation KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17830844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+Potential+for+Carbon+Sequestration+Through+Reforestation+of+Abandoned+Tropical+Agricultural+and+Pasture+Lands&rft.au=Silver%2C+L+W%3BOstertag%2C+R%3BLugo%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon cycle; Reforestation; Agricultural land; Pasture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating crop yields and production by integrating the FAO Crop Specific Water Balance model with real-time satellite data and ground-based ancillary data AN - 17828927; 4855200 AB - An operational crop yield model was developed by introducing real-time satellite imagery into a Geographical Information System (GIS) and the Crop Specific Water Balance (CSWB) model of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Input databases were developed with three different resolutions; agro-ecological zone (AEZ) polygons, 7.6 km and 1.1 km pixels; from archived satellite data commonly used by Early Warning Systems (EWS) to simulate maize yield and production in Kenya from 1989 to 1997. Simulated production results from the GIS-based CSWB model were compared to historical maize production reports from two Government of Kenya (GoK) agencies. The coefficients of determination (r super(2)) between the model and GoK district reports ranged from 0.86 to 0.89. The results indicated the 7.6 km pixel-by-pixel analysis was the most favorable method due to the Rainfall Estimate (RFE) input data having the same resolution. The GIS-based CSWB model developed by this study could also be easily expanded for use in other countries, extended for other crops, and improved in the future as satellite technologies improve. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Reynolds, CA AU - Yitayew, M AU - Slack, D C AU - Hutchinson, C F AU - Huete, A AU - Petersen AD - US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), Production Estimates and Crop Assessment Division (PECAD), Rm 6053, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA, reynoldsc@fas.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 3487 EP - 3508 VL - 21 IS - 18 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Kenya KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Satellite Technology KW - Databases KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Crop Production KW - Estimating KW - Rainfall KW - Corn KW - Crop Yield KW - Geographical Information Systems KW - Model Studies KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17828927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Estimating+crop+yields+and+production+by+integrating+the+FAO+Crop+Specific+Water+Balance+model+with+real-time+satellite+data+and+ground-based+ancillary+data&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+CA%3BYitayew%2C+M%3BSlack%2C+D+C%3BHutchinson%2C+C+F%3BHuete%2C+A%3BPetersen&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=3487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meteorological Data Collection; Databases; Satellite Technology; Crop Production; Rainfall; Estimating; Corn; Model Studies; Geographical Information Systems; Crop Yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphological variation of Pinus flexilis (Pinaceae), a bird-dispersed pine, across a range of elevations AN - 17814659; 4848478 AB - Limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) grows across a wider range of elevations than any other tree species in the central Rockies, from similar to 1600 m at Pawnee Buttes to >3300 m at Rollins Pass. In this study we investigated two possible explanations for limber pine's success across a broad range of elevations: (1) the sites on which it is found, although separated by >1000 m elevation, may not be very different with respect to environmental factors that affect tree growth, and (2) limber pine growth is insensitive to environmental factors that change with elevation. We compared site characteristics of 12 limber pine stands at elevations ranging from 1630 to 3328 m as well as the growth and morphology of trees in each of these stands. Mean daily air temperature in July decreased linearly with the elevation of the site from 22.8 degree to 12.6 degree C. The growth and morphology of limber pine leaves, shoots, and trees were, in general, not related to the elevation or July mean air temperature of the sites. There was, however, a significant decrease in stomatal density with increasing elevation, which may be an acclimational response to restrict water loss at high elevations. Our data suggest that the fundamental and realized niche of limber pine is broad with respect to air temperature. In light of the high gene flow and only slight genetic differentiation among populations of species with bird-dispersed seeds, such as limber pine, it is especially unusual to see similar growth throughout an environmental gradient. Physiological and anatomical plasticity or wide physiological tolerance ranges may enable limber pine to uncouple its growth from its environment. JF - American Journal of Botany AU - Schoettle, A W AU - Rochelle, S G AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1797 EP - 1806 VL - 87 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9122, 0002-9122 KW - morphology KW - Limber pine KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Altitude KW - Spatial distribution KW - Pinus flexilis KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17814659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Morphological+variation+of+Pinus+flexilis+%28Pinaceae%29%2C+a+bird-dispersed+pine%2C+across+a+range+of+elevations&rft.au=Schoettle%2C+A+W%3BRochelle%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Schoettle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1797&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00029122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus flexilis; Altitude; Spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of elevated carbon dioxide and water availability on herbaceous weed development and growth of transplanted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) AN - 17813573; 4848322 AB - Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were grown in competition with native weeds using soil and seed bank collected from recently chopped and burned areas near Appomattox, Virginia. One-year-old seedlings were planted and weeds allowed to germinate from the native seed bank while being exposed to CO sub(2) (ambient and elevated - approximately 700 ppm) and water (water stressed and well watered) treatments for approximately one growing season in a greenhouse. Elevated CO sub(2) did not influence total weed biomass; however, C sub(3) weed community development was favored over C sub(4) weed community development in elevated CO sub(2) regardless of water availability. This suggests that weed community composition may shift toward C sub(3) plants in a future elevated CO sub(2) atmosphere. Pine growth was significantly greater in the well watered and elevated CO sub(2) treatments compared to the water stressed and ambient treatments, respectively, even though they were competing with native herbaceous weeds for resources. There was a significant water and CO sub(2) interaction for pine root:shoot ratio. Under elevated CO sub(2), root:shoot ratio was significantly greater in the water stressed treatment than the well watered treatment. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the root:shoot ratio under the ambient CO sub(2) treatment for either water treatment. These results suggest that loblolly pine seedlings will respond favorably in an elevated CO sub(2) atmosphere, even under dry conditions and competing with herbaceous weeds. JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany AU - Gavazzi, M AU - Seiler, J AU - Aust, W AU - Zedaker, S AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Global Change Program, 920 Main Campus Drive, Venture Center II, Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA, mgavazzi@ncsu.edu Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 185 EP - 194 VL - 44 IS - 3 SN - 0098-8472, 0098-8472 KW - USA, Virginia, Appomattox KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Weeds KW - Vegetation Establishment KW - Plant Growth KW - Available Water KW - Pine Trees KW - Roots KW - Species Composition KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - Water Stress KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17813573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+elevated+carbon+dioxide+and+water+availability+on+herbaceous+weed+development+and+growth+of+transplanted+loblolly+pine+%28Pinus+taeda%29&rft.au=Gavazzi%2C+M%3BSeiler%2C+J%3BAust%2C+W%3BZedaker%2C+S&rft.aulast=Gavazzi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00988472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation Establishment; Weeds; Plant Growth; Pine Trees; Available Water; Roots; Species Composition; Water Stress; Carbon Dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mating Competitiveness of Male Oriental Fruit Flies from a Translocation Strain (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 17811116; 4851360 AB - A major advance in sterile insect release programs against tephritid fruit fly pests has been the development of genetic sexing strains, which allow the production of males-only lines for field release. Genetic sexing strains both reduce the costs associated with mass rearing and enhance the mating effectiveness of sterile males. Research and application of genetic sexing strains has been limited largely to the Mediterranean fruit fly. However, translocation-based genetic sexing strains based on pupal color mutants have been constructed in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Here, we describe the results of laboratory tests on B. dorsalis that compared the relative success of males from a translocation-based sexing strain and wild males in mating competition for wild females. Additional tests examined the effect of irradiation and exposure to methyl eugenol on the mating frequency of males from the genetic sexing strain. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Shelly, TE AU - McCombs, S D AU - McInnis, DO AD - USDA-APHIS, P.O. Box 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795, and Hawaiian Evolutionary Biology Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1152 EP - 1156 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Males KW - Oriental Fruit Fly KW - Fruit flies KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mating behavior KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - Tephritidae KW - Translocation KW - Competition KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17811116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Mating+Competitiveness+of+Male+Oriental+Fruit+Flies+from+a+Translocation+Strain+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Shelly%2C+TE%3BMcCombs%2C+S+D%3BMcInnis%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Shelly&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bactrocera dorsalis; Tephritidae; Mating behavior; Competition; Translocation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computer Model for Simulating Population Dynamics of the Predator Lyctocoris campestris (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in Stored Shelled Corn AN - 17808824; 4851370 AB - A computer model for simulating population dynamics of Lyctocoris campestris (F.), a predator of stored-product insects, was developed using data from the literature and newly collected data for adult longevity and fecundity. Immature development time and survival, adult longevity, fecundity, and cannibalism were simulated. The model was validated at ambient environmental conditions during three seasons in Wisconsin. The model accurately simulated development of the predator feeding on larvae of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Huebner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in the validation studies. The model will be useful in optimizing mass-rearing and augmentative releases of this predator for biological control of stored-product insect pests. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Throne, JE AU - Parajulee, M N AU - Phillips, T W AD - Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1236 EP - 1243 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Minute pirate bugs KW - Pyralid moths KW - maize KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Pyralidae KW - Predators KW - Population dynamics KW - Longevity KW - Models KW - Plodia interpunctella KW - Fecundity KW - Zea mays KW - Lyctocoris campestris KW - Anthocoridae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17808824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Computer+Model+for+Simulating+Population+Dynamics+of+the+Predator+Lyctocoris+campestris+%28Heteroptera%3A+Anthocoridae%29+in+Stored+Shelled+Corn&rft.au=Throne%2C+JE%3BParajulee%2C+M+N%3BPhillips%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Throne&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthocoridae; Pyralidae; Lyctocoris campestris; Zea mays; Plodia interpunctella; Models; Population dynamics; Predators; Longevity; Fecundity; Biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of the Bark Beetle Parasitoid Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Host-Associated Olfactory Cues AN - 17807301; 4851359 AB - Studies were conducted to identify host location cues used by Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg), a larval/pupal parasitoid of bark beetles. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, female R. xylophagorum were attracted to infested bark (i.e., phloem, cambium, and outer corky bark tissues) removed from bolts of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., colonized by the late instar larvae and pupae of the bark beetle Ips grandicollis Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). In contrast, bark taken from recently cut, uninfested bolts interrupted attraction to infested bark when these were presented together. Larval and pupal hosts isolated from infested bark were not attractive to parasitoids, whereas frass removed from the larval mines in infested bark was highly attractive. Bark from which hosts or both hosts and host frass were removed remained highly attractive. Bark sandwiches (fresh bark with the exposed surface pressed to glass microscope slides) infested with either third-instar or adult female I. grandicollis were attractive to female parasitoids, whereas bark sandwiches with only mechanical damage to the phloem tissue were unattractive. A steam distillate of bark infested with host larvae was attractive to female R. xylophagorum, whereas a distillate of fresh pine resin was not attractive. Volatiles from the experimental baits were collected on Porapak Q and analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Several compounds were identified that distinguished baits with biological activity. These data show the importance of the complete host/plant complex for attraction of R. xylophagorum to its host's habitat and suggest a possible role for particular odors from uninfested host plant tissue in directing foraging parasitoids away from locations with few or no hosts. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Sullivan, B T AU - Pettersson, E M AU - Seltmann, K C AU - Berisford, C W AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1138 EP - 1151 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Loblolly pine KW - Eastern fivespined ips KW - Pteromalid wasps KW - Bark beetles KW - kairomones KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Roptrocerus xylophagorum KW - Odor KW - Attraction KW - Pinus taeda KW - Bark KW - Ips grandicollis KW - Parasitoids KW - Pteromalidae KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17807301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+the+Bark+Beetle+Parasitoid+Roptrocerus+xylophagorum+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%29+to+Host-Associated+Olfactory+Cues&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+B+T%3BPettersson%2C+E+M%3BSeltmann%2C+K+C%3BBerisford%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Roptrocerus xylophagorum; Pinus taeda; Ips grandicollis; Pteromalidae; Scolytidae; Attraction; Odor; Parasitoids; Bark ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoecdysteroid turnover in spinach: Long-term stability supports a plant defense hypothesis AN - 17805681; 4849059 AB - Using short (8-day) and long-term (28-day) experiments, we examined the stability of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the dominant phytosterols synthesized from a pulse of [2- super(14)C]mevalonic acid ([ super(14)C]MVA) in hydroponically grown spinach (Spinacia oleracea). In the short-term experiment, plant dry mass and shoot 20E pools steadily increased. Root uptake of [ super(14)C]MVA resulted in the stable incorporation of super(14)C radiolabel into whole plant 20E pools, with no significant changes over time. Levels of free and saponifiable phytosterols increased in the shoots while super(14)C-labeled shoot phytosterols remained constant. Unexpectedly, both super(14)C-labeled and unlabeled pools of root phytosterols decreased over time. In the long-term experiment, plant dry mass and shoot 20E levels increased over time, while total super(14)C-labeled 20E pools remained constant. Both root and shoot phytosterol pools increased over time while the super(14)C incorporation in these pools remained constant. Together these experiments indicate that 20E in spinach is metabolically stabile and thus shares this characteristic with plant terpenoids of known defensive function. While little is known about phytosterol turnover in plants, our results suggest that phytosterols can indeed exist in a very dynamic state but may also be stable over time. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Schmelz, E A AU - Grebenok, R J AU - Ohnmeiss, TE AU - Bowers, W S AD - USDA-ARS, 1600-1700 SW 23rd drive, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, eschmelz@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 2883 EP - 2896 VL - 26 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - phytosterols KW - Spinach KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Spinacia oleracea KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17805681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Phytoecdysteroid+turnover+in+spinach%3A+Long-term+stability+supports+a+plant+defense+hypothesis&rft.au=Schmelz%2C+E+A%3BGrebenok%2C+R+J%3BOhnmeiss%2C+TE%3BBowers%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Schmelz&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spinacia oleracea; Defense mechanisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial separation of root exudate components and their effects upon the growth of germinated spores of AM fungi AN - 17798918; 4845688 AB - Aseptic root exudates were collected from the liquid culture of roots of two host (Daucus carota and Lycopersicum esculentum) and one non-host plant (Beta vulgaris) of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Exudate was also collected from maize (Zea mays FRB6) seedlings which were grown hydroponically under aseptic conditions. Exudate fractions of host roots stimulated hyphal branching behind any actively growing hyphal tip of three AM fungi tested (Gigaspora gigantea, G. rosea, and Glomus intraradices). Fractionation patterns obtained from C18 Sepak cartridges loaded with carrot root exudates isolated from roots grown under various phosphorus regimes, TLC analyses, and solubility properties of fractionated components, indicated a range of hydrophilic to hydrophobic hyphal branching stimulators. The 50/70% methanol fraction from a C18 cartridge induced hyphal branching patterns of G. gigantea that were dose dependent and were identical to those observed when germinated G. gigantea spores were grown with host roots in dual culture. Exudate fractions from B. vulgaris inhibited hyphal tip growth, but inhibited hyphal tips formed recovery branches which would allow continued fungal growth. These recovery hyphae were also formed when germinated G. gigantea spores were grown in dual culture with sugar beet roots. The recovery branches induced by non-host roots and the prolific branching induced by host roots have ecological implications. JF - Mycological Research AU - Nagahashi, G AU - Douds, DD Jr AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, gnagahashi@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1453 EP - 1464 VL - 104 IS - 12 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - growth KW - exudates KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Glomus intraradices KW - Roots KW - Gigaspora rosea KW - Gigaspora gigantea KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17798918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Partial+separation+of+root+exudate+components+and+their+effects+upon+the+growth+of+germinated+spores+of+AM+fungi&rft.au=Nagahashi%2C+G%3BDouds%2C+DD+Jr&rft.aulast=Nagahashi&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gigaspora gigantea; Gigaspora rosea; Glomus intraradices; Mycorrhizas; Roots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States from 1996 to 1998 AN - 17768065; 4822182 AB - Isolates of Puccinia triticina were obtained from wheat leaf collections made by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, and Gulf Coast states in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Virulence-avirulence phenotypes were determined on 14 host lines that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance. We found 31 phenotypes among 277 single uredinial isolates in 1996, 56 phenotypes among 989 isolates in 1997, and 43 phenotypes among 989 isolates in 1998. As in previous surveys, regional race distribution patterns showed that the central United States is a single epidemiological unit distinct from the eastern United States. The distinctive racial composition of collections from the southeast, northeast, and Ohio Valley indicate that populations of P. triticina in those areas are not closely connected, suggesting that epidemics originate from localized overwintering sources. JF - Plant Disease AU - Long, D L AU - Leonard, D L AU - Hughes, ME AD - Cereal Disease Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, University of Minnesota, 1551 Lindig St., St Paul, USA, davidl@cdl.umn.edu Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1334 EP - 1341 VL - 84 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Virulence KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Epidemiology KW - Leaf rust KW - Disease resistance KW - Puccinia triticina KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17768065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+Puccinia+triticina+on+wheat+in+the+United+States+from+1996+to+1998&rft.au=Long%2C+D+L%3BLeonard%2C+D+L%3BHughes%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia triticina; Triticum aestivum; Virulence; Leaf rust; Disease resistance; Epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selecting resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium graminearum in intermediate wheatgrass AN - 17768011; 4822177 AB - Forage yield and persistence of intermediate wheatgrass and pubescent intermediate wheatgrass can be adversely affected by foot rot caused by Fusarium graminearum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, or both. Putative B. sorokiniana- and F. graminearum-resistant plants were selected from both Reliant and Manska cultivars of intermediate wheatgrass to produce four populations. When plants from half-sib families that were selected for resistance were intercrossed and progeny subjected to subsequent selection cycles for B. sorokiniana and F. graminearum resistance, progressively higher percentages of putative resistant seedlings were found for three of the four selected populations compared to the original base populations. In cycle 3 of three populations, 7 to 91% of half-sib families with statistically higher seedling survival rates than the base populations were considered more resistant than the base populations. Thus, progressive improvement in seedling survival was realized for three populations selected for resistance using three cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection among and within half-sib families. JF - Plant Disease AU - Krupinsky, J M AU - Berdahl, J D AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554-0459, USA, krupinsj@mandan.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1299 EP - 1302 VL - 84 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Yield KW - Plant diseases KW - Grasses KW - Survival KW - Seedlings KW - Bipolaris sorokiniana KW - Disease resistance KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17768011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Selecting+resistance+to+Bipolaris+sorokiniana+and+Fusarium+graminearum+in+intermediate+wheatgrass&rft.au=Krupinsky%2C+J+M%3BBerdahl%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Krupinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bipolaris sorokiniana; Fusarium graminearum; Disease resistance; Plant diseases; Grasses; Yield; Seedlings; Survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Aluminum- and Iron-Rich Residues to Immobilize Phosphorus in Poultry Litter and Litter-Amended Soils AN - 17767227; 4826290 AB - Poultry production is concentrated on Maryland's eastern shore on areas with sandy soils low in sesquioxides. Water quality has been affected by runoff and leaching of phosphorus from poultry litter-amended fields. Phosphorus movement is of major concern because P is a limiting nutrient for eutrophication in surface water. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the ability of Al-rich drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) and iron-rich residue (IRR) to reduce water-soluble P and Bray and Kurtz no. 1-extractable phosphorus (BK-1 P) in poultry litter and three long-term litter-amended soils and (ii) determine the effects of these residues on pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in the amended litter and soils. Poultry litter and soils were treated with four rates of DWTR and IRR and incubated for 7 wk at 25 degree C. Litter and soils were sampled at 2, 4, and 7 wk. Both residue materials increased the pH of the litter and the soils. The DWTR was more effective in reducing both water-soluble P and BK-1 P in litter at all rates. At the 25 and 50 g kg super(-1) rates, reductions in water-soluble P with IRR were comparable with that of DWTR, but DWTR was twice as effective as IRR in reducing BK-1 P concentration. The results showed that water-soluble P and BK-1 P in poultry litter and long-term litter-amended soils can be substantially reduced by incorporating residues rich in Al and Fe; these residues may be useful for reducing P runoff and leaching from poultry litter and litter-amended fields. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Codling, EE AU - Chaney, R L AU - Mulchi, CL AD - USDA-ARS, Environmental Chemistry Lab, Building 001 Room 222, 10300 Baltimore Avenue BARC-West, Beltsville MD 20705, USA, codlinge@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1924 EP - 1931 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Maryland KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Poultry KW - Farmwastes KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Soil treatment KW - Phosphorus KW - Poultry farming KW - Land application KW - Soil Treatment KW - Soil KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Farm Wastes KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Litter KW - Leaching KW - Soil additives KW - Animal wastes KW - Residues KW - Water pollution control KW - Water quality control KW - Soil Amendments KW - Aluminium KW - Aluminum KW - Iron KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17767227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Use+of+Aluminum-+and+Iron-Rich+Residues+to+Immobilize+Phosphorus+in+Poultry+Litter+and+Litter-Amended+Soils&rft.au=Codling%2C+EE%3BChaney%2C+R+L%3BMulchi%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Codling&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1924&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Water quality control; Litter; Animal wastes; Residues; Aluminum; Phosphorus; Poultry farming; Agricultural runoff; Iron; Land application; Water pollution control; Farmwastes; Poultry; Soil additives; Leaching; Soil treatment; Aluminium; Soil Treatment; Water Pollution Control; Soil Amendments; Path of Pollutants; Farm Wastes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pythium spp. associated with bell pepper production in Florida AN - 17766176; 4822173 AB - Ten species of Pythium and a group of isolates that produced filamentous sporangia but did not form sexual structures (Pythium 'group F') were recovered from the root systems of fresh market bell pepper plants grown on polyethylene-mulched production systems in Florida. , Pathogenicity tests using pasteurized field soil inoculated with infested wheat seed demonstrated that P. aphanidermatum, P. myriotylum, P. helicoides, and P. splendens can cause significant root rot and reductions in root growth of pepper. P. aphanidermatum and P. myriotylum caused the most severe root rot, the greatest reductions in plant weight, and 42 and 62% plant mortality, respectively. In pathogenicity tests with tomato plants, these four species produced similar plant weight losses and disease ratings to those observed in pepper, but little or no plant mortality. Low incidences of root tip necrosis in pepper plants were observed with P. arrhenomanes, P. catenulatum, P. graminicola, and P. irregulare, but none of these species caused losses in root weight and only P. irregulare reduced shoot weight. P. periplocum, P. spinosum, and Pythium sp. F colonized root tissue of pepper but caused no significant root rot and did not adversely affect growth. Similar trends were observed with tomato, except that P. arrhenomanes caused limited root tip necrosis without affecting plant growth and P. catenulatum, P. graminicola, P. irregulare, P. spinosum, and Pythium sp. F colonized at least some of the plants but did not cause root disease. A significant interaction between temperature and P. aphanidermatum or P. myriotylum was observed on pepper transplants. The greatest reductions in growth occurred at 28 degree C, whereas plant mortality only occurred at 34 degree C. JF - Plant Disease AU - Chellemi, DO AU - Mitchell, D J AU - Kannwischer-Mitchell, ME AU - Rayside, P A AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA, dano@sunet.net Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1271 EP - 1274 VL - 84 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Florida KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Soil KW - Mortality KW - Pathogenicity KW - Pythium KW - Root rot KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17766176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Pythium+spp.+associated+with+bell+pepper+production+in+Florida&rft.au=Chellemi%2C+DO%3BMitchell%2C+D+J%3BKannwischer-Mitchell%2C+ME%3BRayside%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Chellemi&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pythium; Root rot; Pathogenicity; Soil; Temperature effects; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Efficacy of Polyacrylamide and Related Compounds to Remove Microorganisms and Nutrients from Animal Wastewater AN - 17764408; 4826288 AB - Polyacrylamide (PAM) is an effective flocculent and we hypothesized that it would reduce transport of microorganisms and nutrients in water flowing over and through soil. We measured nutrients, total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, fecal streptococci, active and total fungi, and active and total bacteria in water leached through cattle, fish, and swine manure, PAM, PAM + Al(SO sub(4)) sub(3), or PAM + CaO mixtures, and 25-cm sand columns. In the laboratory study, PAM, PAM + Al(SO sub(4)) sub(3), and PAM + CaO treatments reduced total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, and fecal streptococci by 10- to 1000-fold in water leached through sand columns. Polyacrylamide + Al(SO sub(4)) sub(3) and PAM + CaO treatments reduced the concentration of NH sub(4), total P, and PO sub(4) by 20 to 60% in leachate when cattle and swine manure were applied. In a field study, after water flowed over all three manure sources and then PAM, PAM + Al(SO sub(4)) sub(3), or PAM + CaO in furrows, total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, and fecal streptococci were reduced by 10- to 1000-fold in water flowing 1 and 27 m downstream of the treatments compared with the control treatment. When water flowed over cattle manure and then PAM + Al(SO sub(4)) sub(3) or PAM + CaO, PO sub(4) concentration was reduced by 50 to 70% and total P concentration was reduced by 0 to 75% in water 27 m downstream of the treatments compared with the PAM alone treatment. Polyacrylamide + Al(SO sub(4)) sub(3) and PAM + CaO should be able to reduce the numbers of enteric microorganisms and nutrient concentration in animal wastewater running off animal confinement areas, reducing the amount of these pollutants entering surface and ground waters. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Entry, JA AU - Sojka, R E AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab., 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA, jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1905 EP - 1914 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - polyacrylamides KW - swine KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Manure KW - Coagulants KW - Nutrients KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Animal manures KW - Bacteria (Coliform) KW - Pollutants KW - Micro-organisms KW - Bacteria KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Animal wastes KW - Water flow KW - Flow Discharge KW - Cattle KW - Floc KW - Microorganisms KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - Wastewater KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17764408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=The+Efficacy+of+Polyacrylamide+and+Related+Compounds+to+Remove+Microorganisms+and+Nutrients+from+Animal+Wastewater&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BSojka%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Cattle; Fecal coliforms; Manure; Animal wastes; Coagulants; Microorganisms; Nutrient concentrations; Wastewater treatment; Micro-organisms; Floc; Pollutants; Water flow; Nutrients; Wastewater; Bacteria (Coliform); Animal manures; Flow Discharge ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple Applications of Paper Mill Sludge in an Agricultural System: Soil Effects AN - 17762207; 4826297 AB - Little information exists regarding the effects of field-scale application of paper mill sludge on soil properties. A 5-yr field study determined the long-term effects of land application of paper mill sludge on an agricultural soil. The goal of this study was to determine the responses of soil chemical and physical properties to multiple applications of sludge. Five rates of sludge application were tested, ranging from 0 to 225 Mg ha super(-1) in multiple applications under three management protocols: applied once, applied in alternate years, or applied annually. Results indicate strong relationships between added sludge C and several soil physical properties. Increases or maintenance of soil C were observed when sludge was applied annually or biennially, but little residual effect of the single application was seen after 5 yr. Significant increases were observed in soil aggregation and moisture holding properties at higher rates of sludge application and when cumulative C additions reached 225 Mg ha super(-1) in other sludge application rates. It was concluded that long-term paper mill sludge application can be managed to effect positive changes in soil physical properties that are correlated to soil quality. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Zibilske, L M AU - Clapham, WM AU - Rourke, R V AD - Dep. of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04401-5722, USA, lzibilske@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1975 EP - 1981 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Soil Chemistry KW - Land Disposal KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Field Tests KW - Soil science KW - Sludge disposal KW - Land application KW - Paper industry wastes KW - Sludge Disposal KW - Soil KW - Soil Physical Properties KW - Carbon KW - Pulp and Paper Industry KW - Land disposal KW - Carbons KW - Field studies KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17762207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Multiple+Applications+of+Paper+Mill+Sludge+in+an+Agricultural+System%3A+Soil+Effects&rft.au=Zibilske%2C+L+M%3BClapham%2C+WM%3BRourke%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Zibilske&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Agriculture; Physicochemical properties; Sludge disposal; Paper industry wastes; Land application; Carbons; Land disposal; Field studies; Soil science; Sludge Disposal; Soil Chemistry; Soil Physical Properties; Carbon; Land Disposal; Pulp and Paper Industry; Field Tests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Water in Epiphytic Colonization and Infection of Pomaceous Flowers by Erwinia amylovora AN - 17758863; 4825347 AB - Detached crab apple flowers were used as an experimental model to investigate the effect of relative humidity (RH), free moisture, and water potential ( psi sub(w)) on the interaction between Erwinia amylovora and pomaceous flowers. Flowers were maintained at 24 degree C with the cut pedicel submerged in a sucrose solution. The bacterium multiplied on inoculated flower stigmas at between approximately 55 and 100% RH but not in the floral cup (hypanthium) until the RH was higher than 80%. To study the effect of free moisture, stigma-inoculated flowers were kept wet for different periods. Flowers became diseased only with wetting, and incidence was high (77%) even when water application was immediately followed by a 52-min drying period. In other experiments with hypanthium-inoculated flowers, RH or sucrose concentration in holding vials was varied to affect psi sub(w) of flower nectar and ovary tissue. Population size of E. amylovora in the hypanthium increased with nectar psi sub(w) following a sigmoidal curve (R super(2) = 0.99). Disease incidence and severity, however, were more closely related to ovary psi sub(w) (R super(2) = 0.85 and 0.91, respectively) than to bacterial population size (R super(2) = 0.25 and 0.67, respectively) as fitted to the quadratic equation. Maximum disease incidence and severity occurred at an ovary psi sub(w) above -2.0 MPa, and disease severity continued to increase above -1.0 MPa. These results were confirmed with detached flowers of Delicious apple and d'Anjou pear. A practical implication is that disease might be partly managed in arid climates by limiting soil irrigation water during bloom and early fruit set. JF - Phytopathology AU - Pusey, P L AD - USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, pusey@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1352 EP - 1357 VL - 90 IS - 12 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Colonization KW - Plant diseases KW - Flowers KW - Erwinia amylovora KW - Water KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17758863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Water+in+Epiphytic+Colonization+and+Infection+of+Pomaceous+Flowers+by+Erwinia+amylovora&rft.au=Pusey%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Pusey&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erwinia amylovora; Colonization; Water; Flowers; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Open Access and Private Timber Harvests: Theory and Application to the Effects of Trade Liberalization in Mexico AN - 17726424; 4794783 AB - A common popular assertion is that trade liberalization encourages deforestation. But whether this is true depends on how trade policies affect the allocation of land among competing uses and how they influence illegal cutting of public forests. A model is presented that allows for forests to be either public or private, and public forests are divided into protected (or managed) and threatened categories. Effects of price changes are shown on each part of the forest. An empirical version of the model is applied to the case of Mexico with NAFTA. Most scenarios considered show that NAFTA will have positive long-run effects on forest cover in Mexico but that this is net of losses on private lands. JF - Environmental & Resource Economics AU - Prestemon, J P AD - USDA-Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA, jprestem/srslowbarrtp@fed.us Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 311 EP - 334 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0924-6460, 0924-6460 KW - Mexico KW - Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - International trade KW - Government policies KW - Environmental impact KW - Land use KW - Deforestation KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17726424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=Public+Open+Access+and+Private+Timber+Harvests%3A+Theory+and+Application+to+the+Effects+of+Trade+Liberalization+in+Mexico&rft.au=Prestemon%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Prestemon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=09246460&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Government policies; Land use; International trade; Environmental impact; Deforestation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum modifies mineral uptake in tall fescue AN - 1034827325; 17024251 AB - Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin, a fungal endophyte found primarily in shoots of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.), can modify rhizosphere activity in response to phosphorus (P) deficiency. In a controlled environment experiment, two cloned tall fescue genotypes (DN2 and DN4) free (E-) and infected (E+) with their naturally occurring endophyte strains were grown in nutrient solutions at low P (3.1 ppm) or high P (31 ppm) concentrations for 21 d. Endophyte infection increased root dry matter (DM) of DN4 by 21% but did not affect root DM of DN2. Under P deficiency, shoot and total DM were not affected by endophyte but relative growth rate was greater in E+ than E- plants. In high P nutrient solution, E+ plants produced 13% less (DN2) or 29% more (DN4) shoot DM than E- plants. Endophyte affected mineral concentrations in roots more than in shoots. Regardless of P concentration in nutrient solution, E+ DN2 accumulated more P, Ca, Zn and Cu but less K in roots than E- plants. When grown in high P nutrient solution, concentrations of Fe and B in roots of E+ DN2 plants were reduced compared with those of E- plants. Concentrations of P, Ca and Cu in roots of DN4 were less, but K was greater in E+ than E- plants. In shoots, E+ DN2 had greater concentrations of Fe and Cu than E- DN2, regardless of P concentration in nutrient solution. Genotype DN4 responded to endophyte infection by reducing B concentration in shoots. Nutrient uptake rates were affected by endophyte infection in plants grown in low P nutrient solution. A greater uptake rate of most nutrients and their transport to shoots was observed in DN2, but responses of DN4 were not consistent. Results suggest that endophyte may elicit different modes of tall fescue adaptation to P deficiency. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Malinowski, Dariusz P AU - Alloush, Ghiath A AU - Belesky, David P AD - Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beaver, West Virginia, 25813-9423, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 115 EP - 126 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 227 IS - 1-2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - Adaptations KW - Endophytes KW - Rhizosphere KW - Leaves KW - Phosphorus KW - Roots KW - Genotypes KW - Infection KW - Neotyphodium coenophialum KW - Bacon KW - Shoots KW - Zinc KW - Dry matter KW - Nutrient uptake KW - Minerals KW - Nutrient solutions KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034827325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Leaf+endophyte+Neotyphodium+coenophialum+modifies+mineral+uptake+in+tall+fescue&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+Dariusz+P%3BAlloush%2C+Ghiath+A%3BBelesky%2C+David+P&rft.aulast=Malinowski&rft.aufirst=Dariusz&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=227&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1026518828237 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Adaptations; Endophytes; Rhizosphere; Phosphorus; Leaves; Roots; Genotypes; Infection; Bacon; Shoots; Zinc; Dry matter; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient solutions; Minerals; Festuca arundinacea; Neotyphodium coenophialum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026518828237 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Denitrification and N mineralization from hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop monocultures and bicultures AN - 1034826958; 17024267 AB - N mineralization, N immobilization and denitrification were determined for vetch, rye and rye-vetch cover crops using large packed soil cores. Plants were grown to maturity from seed in cores. Cores were periodically leached, allowing for quantification of NO sub(3) super(-) and NH sub(4) super(+) production, and denitrification incubations were conducted before and after cover crop kill. Gas permeable tubing was buried at two depths in cores allowing for quantification of N sub(2)O in the soil profile. Cover crops assimilated most soil N prior to kill. After kill, relative rates of N mineralization were vetch > rye-vetch mixture > fallow > rye. After correcting for N mineralization from fallow cores, net N mineralization was observed in vetch and rye-vetch cores, while net N immobilization was observed in rye cores. Denitrification incubations were conducted 5, 15 and 55 days after kill, with adjustment of cores to 75% water filled pore space (WFPS). The highest denitrification was observed in vetch cores 5 days after kill, when soil NO sub(3) super(-) and respiration rates were high. Substantially lower denitrification was observed on subsequent measurement dates and in other treatments probably due to either limited NO sub(3) super(-) or organic carbon in the soil. On day 5, 3%, 23%, 31% and 31% of the N sub(2)O was recovered in the headspace of fallow, vetch, rye and rye-vetch cores, respectively. The rest was stored in the soil profile. In a field study using intact soil cores, denitrification rates also peaked 1 week after cover crop kill and decreased significantly thereafter. Results suggest greater potential N losses from vetch than rye or rye-vetch cover crops due to rapid N-mineralization in conjunction with denitrification and potential leaching, prior to significant crop N-assimilation. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Rosecrance, R C AU - McCarty, G W AU - Shelton AU - Teasdale, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 283 EP - 290 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 227 IS - 1-2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Respiration KW - Organic carbon KW - Mineralization KW - Crops KW - Soil KW - Carbon KW - Cores KW - Denitrification KW - Headspace KW - Soil profiles KW - Maturity KW - Fallow land KW - Seeds KW - Leaching KW - Cover crops KW - Pores KW - Vicia villosa KW - Secale cereale KW - Immobilization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034826958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Denitrification+and+N+mineralization+from+hairy+vetch+%28Vicia+villosa+Roth%29+and+rye+%28Secale+cereale+L.%29+cover+crop+monocultures+and+bicultures&rft.au=Rosecrance%2C+R+C%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BShelton%3BTeasdale%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Rosecrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=227&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1026582012290 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seeds; Leaching; Respiration; Cover crops; Mineralization; Crops; Pores; Carbon; Cores; Denitrification; Soil profiles; Headspace; Maturity; Immobilization; Soil; Organic carbon; Fallow land; Vicia villosa; Secale cereale DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026582012290 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rubisco activase constrains the photosynthetic potential of leaves at high temperature and CO2. AN - 70777315; 11069297 AB - Net photosynthesis (Pn) is inhibited by moderate heat stress. To elucidate the mechanism of inhibition, we examined the effects of temperature on gas exchange and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activation in cotton and tobacco leaves and compared the responses to those of the isolated enzymes. Depending on the CO(2) concentration, Pn decreased when temperatures exceeded 35-40 degrees C. This response was inconsistent with the response predicted from the properties of fully activated Rubisco. Rubisco deactivated in leaves when temperature was increased and also in response to high CO(2) or low O(2). The decrease in Rubisco activation occurred when leaf temperatures exceeded 35 degrees C, whereas the activities of isolated activase and Rubisco were highest at 42 degrees C and >50 degrees C, respectively. In the absence of activase, isolated Rubisco deactivated under catalytic conditions and the rate of deactivation increased with temperature but not with CO(2). The ability of activase to maintain or promote Rubisco activation in vitro also decreased with temperature but was not affected by CO(2). Increasing the activase/Rubisco ratio reduced Rubisco deactivation at higher temperatures. The results indicate that, as temperature increases, the rate of Rubisco deactivation exceeds the capacity of activase to promote activation. The decrease in Rubisco activation that occurred in leaves at high CO(2) was not caused by a faster rate of deactivation, but by reduced activase activity possibly in response to unfavorable ATP/ADP ratios. When adjustments were made for changes in activation state, the kinetic properties of Rubisco predicted the response of Pn at high temperature and CO(2). JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Crafts-Brandner, S J AU - Salvucci, M E AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 4135 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA. scraftsbrandner@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11/21/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Nov 21 SP - 13430 EP - 13435 VL - 97 IS - 24 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Plant Proteins KW - 0 KW - rca protein, plant KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.39 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Thermodynamics KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Kinetics KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Plant Leaves -- physiology KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Photosynthesis KW - Plant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase -- isolation & purification KW - Tobacco -- physiology KW - Gossypium -- physiology KW - Gossypium -- enzymology KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Carbon Dioxide -- metabolism KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70777315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Rubisco+activase+constrains+the+photosynthetic+potential+of+leaves+at+high+temperature+and+CO2.&rft.au=Crafts-Brandner%2C+S+J%3BSalvucci%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Crafts-Brandner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-11-21&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=13430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Plant Physiol. 1993 Aug;102(4):1119-28 [8278543] J Biol Chem. 1979 Jul 10;254(13):5599-601 [447669] J Biol Chem. 1983 Nov 25;258(22):13752-8 [6417133] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1989 Jan;268(1):93-9 [2912385] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Nov 1;298(2):688-96 [1416997] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):9438-43 [10430961] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994 Oct;314(1):178-85 [7944392] Nat Struct Biol. 1996 Jan;3(1):3-7 [8548451] Biochemistry. 1996 Jun 25;35(25):8143-8 [8679566] Genome Res. 1999 Jan;9(1):27-43 [9927482] Comment In: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Nov 21;97(24):12937-8 [11087845] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal estimates of riparian evapotranspiration using remote and in situ measurements AN - 17903599; 5175989 AB - In many semi-arid basins during extended periods when surface snowmelt or storm runoff is absent, groundwater constitutes the primary water source for human habitation, agriculture and riparian ecosystems. Utilizing regional groundwater models in the management of these water resources requires accurate estimates of basin boundary conditions. A critical groundwater boundary condition that is closely coupled to atmospheric processes and is typically known with little certainty is seasonal riparian evapotranspiration (ET). This quantity can often be a significant factor in the basin water balance in semi-arid regions yet is very difficult to estimate over a large area. Better understanding and quantification of seasonal, large-area riparian ET is a primary objective of the Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere (SALSA) Program. To address this objective, a series of interdisciplinary experimental campaigns were conducted in 1997 in the San Pedro Basin in southeastern Arizona. The riparian system in this basin is primarily made up of three vegetation communities: mesquite (Prosopis velutina), sacaton grasses (Sporobolus wrightii), and a cottonwood (Populus fremontii)/willow (Salix goodingii) forest gallery. Micrometeorological measurement techniques were used to estimate ET from the mesquite and grasses. These techniques could not be utilized to estimate fluxes from the cottonwood/willow (C/W) forest gallery due to the height (20-30 m) and non-uniform linear nature of the forest gallery. JF - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Scott, R AU - Qi, J AU - Goff, B AU - Unkrich, CL AU - Moran AU - Williams, D AU - Schaeffer, S AU - Snyder, K AU - MacNish, R AU - Maddock, T AU - Pool, D AU - Chehbouni, A AU - Cooper, DI AD - USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 2000/11/20/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Nov 20 SP - 281 EP - 309 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 105 IS - 1-3 SN - 0168-1923, 0168-1923 KW - USA, Arizona, San Pedro R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Boundary Conditions KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Forests KW - Groundwater KW - In Situ Tests KW - Remote Sensing KW - Riparian Vegetation KW - Semiarid Lands KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17903599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+estimates+of+riparian+evapotranspiration+using+remote+and+in+situ+measurements&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+D+C%3BScott%2C+R%3BQi%2C+J%3BGoff%2C+B%3BUnkrich%2C+CL%3BMoran%3BWilliams%2C+D%3BSchaeffer%2C+S%3BSnyder%2C+K%3BMacNish%2C+R%3BMaddock%2C+T%3BPool%2C+D%3BChehbouni%2C+A%3BCooper%2C+DI&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-11-20&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=01681923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2001-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-08-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Remote Sensing; Riparian Vegetation; Semiarid Lands; Boundary Conditions; Forests; Evapotranspiration; In Situ Tests; Groundwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictable risk to native plants in weed biological control AN - 17734941; 4799616 AB - Data on field host use of 112 insects, 3 fungi, 1 mite, and 1 nematode established for biological control of weeds in Hawaii, the continental United States, and the Caribbean indicate that the risk to native flora can be judged reliably before introduction. Virtually all risk is borne by native plant species that are closely related to target weeds. Fifteen species of insects introduced for biological control use 41 native plant species; 36 of which are congeneric with target weeds, while 4 others belong to two closely allied genera. Only 1 of 117 established biological organisms uses a native plant unrelated to the target weed. Thus the elements of protection for the native flora are the selection of weed targets that have few or no native congeners and the introduction of biological control organisms with suitably narrow diets. JF - Oecologia AU - Pemberton, R W AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Plant Research, 3205 College Avenue, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA, bobpem@eemail.com Y1 - 2000/11/20/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Nov 20 SP - 489 EP - 494 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 125 IS - 4 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Insects KW - Caribbean Region KW - USA KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Biological control KW - Weeds KW - Indigenous species KW - Introduced species KW - Insecta KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17734941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Predictable+risk+to+native+plants+in+weed+biological+control&rft.au=Pemberton%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Pemberton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-11-20&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; Indigenous species; Biological control; Weeds; Risk assessment; Introduced species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects and outcomes of Caribbean hurricanes in a climate change scenario AN - 18007912; 4850881 AB - Hurricanes are complex disturbance systems with significant effects on vegetation and built-up land. This paper summarizes research on the effects and outcomes of hurricanes on Caribbean forests. Twelve effects and outcome topics are presented: sudden and massive tree mortality; delayed patterns of tree mortality; alternative methods of forest regeneration; opportunities for a change in successional direction; high species turnover and opportunities for species change in forests; diversity of age classes; faster biomass and nutrient turnover; species substitutions and changes in turnover time of biomass and nutrients; lower aboveground biomass in mature vegetation; carbon sinks; selective pressure on organisms; and convergence of community structure and organization. Effects of hurricanes on urban systems are also discussed. While there is scientific uncertainty as to whether hurricane frequencies and intensity will change as a result of global climate change, available understanding on the effects and outcomes of hurricanes can be used to anticipate possible effects of either increasing or decreasing hurricane frequency and intensity. Proposed mitigation actions and research priorities can be effective and desirable even if the frequency and intensity of hurricanes remains unchanged. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Lugo, A E AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000, USA, a_lugo@uprl.upr.clu.edu Y1 - 2000/11/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Nov 15 SP - 243 EP - 251 VL - 262 IS - 3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Caribbean Region KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Hurricanes, Caribbean Region KW - Trees KW - Hurricane effects on forests KW - Climatic changes KW - Climatic change influences on hurricanes KW - Vegetation KW - Forests KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Hurricanes KW - Vegetation cover KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea KW - Ecological succession KW - Economics KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Meteorology KW - M2 551.515.2:Cyclones Hurricanes Typhoons (551.515.2) KW - D 04126:Tropical forests KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - Q2 09241:General KW - M2 551.588.7:Human influence on climate. Including: effect of towns, buildings, etc. global warming (anthropogenic) (551.588.7) KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18007912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Effects+and+outcomes+of+Caribbean+hurricanes+in+a+climate+change+scenario&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-11-15&rft.volume=262&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2800%2900526-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Climate Change, Forests, and Disturbances. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation cover; Hurricanes; Ecological succession; Economics; Climatic changes; Ocean-atmosphere system; Ecosystem disturbance; Forests; Hurricanes, Caribbean Region; Hurricane effects on forests; Climatic change influences on hurricanes; Trees; Vegetation; Meteorology; ASW, Caribbean Sea; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00526-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue determination of fluoroquinolones in eggs. AN - 72501876; 11128131 AB - A multiresidue method was developed for the determination of fluoroquinolones in eggs. Extraction of eggs with ammoniacal acetonitrile was followed by liquid-liquid defatting, solvent evaporation, and redissolution in a small volume of buffer. The fluoroquinolones were further purified by on-line microdialysis, concentrated on a trace enrichment column, and separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and sarafloxacin (SAR) were extracted from fortified eggs over a range of 2-200 microg/kg, with recoveries of 65.7-78.9%, 65.6-77.1%, and 67.6-110%, respectively. Enrofloxacin (ENRO) was extracted over a range of 1-100 microg/kg, with recoveries of 71.5-86.7%, whereas desethylene ciprofloxacin (DCIP) and danofloxacin (DANO) were extracted over a range of 0.2-20 microg/kg, with recoveries of 68.7-90.7% and 76.0-93.8%, respectively. The limits of quantitation for the 6 fluoroquinolones were as follows: DCIP and DANO, 0.3 microg/kg; ENRO, 1 microg/kg; NOR and CIP, 2 microg/kg; and SAR, 3 microg/kg. Both SAR and ENRO incurred eggs were also successfully analyzed using this method. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Schneider, M J AU - Donoghue, D J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8598, USA. PY - 2000 SP - 1306 EP - 1312 VL - 83 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Solutions KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Microdialysis KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Reference Standards KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Autoanalysis KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Drug Residues UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72501876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+determination+of+fluoroquinolones+in+eggs.&rft.au=Schneider%2C+M+J%3BDonoghue%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of amitraz applied to white-tailed deer by the '4-poster' topical treatment device in controlling free-living lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). AN - 72483302; 11126544 AB - White-tailed deer treated themselves with a commercial pour-on acaricide formulation containing 2% amitraz as they fed from an ARS-patented '4-poster' topical treatment device. Whole kernel corn attracted deer to a single device placed in each of two deer-fenced pastures. In the treatment pasture, the rollers of the treatment device were charged with the acaricide, whereas the rollers of the device in the other pasture remained untreated. Deer were allowed to use the '4-posters' during periods of tick activity beginning in early to midspring and lasting through late summer to early fall for three consecutive years. Pretreatment sampling of adults and nymphs with dry-ice traps and larval masses with flip cloths showed no significant differences in population indices between the two pastures; however, after the third year of treatment, control of nymphal and adult ticks in the treated pasture was 91.9 and 93.7%, respectively, when compared with the untreated pasture. Control of larval masses increased from 68.4% in year 1 to 96.4% in year 2, but declined to 88.0% in year 3, probably because of the presence of feral hogs. This study demonstrated that application of amitraz to white-tailed deer through free-choice interaction with a '4-poster' device significantly reduced the abundance of free-living lone star ticks in a deer-fenced experimental pasture. Moreover, the yearly pattern of incremental increases in control and the final percentage control values for all three parasitic life stages in this topical application study were similar in magnitude to that observed in a previously conducted study in which the systemic acaricide ivermectin was used to reduce populations of free-living ticks by controlling ticks on deer. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Pound, J M AU - Miller, J A AU - George, J E AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028-9184, USA. Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 878 EP - 884 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Toluidines KW - amitraz KW - 33IAH5017S KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Deer KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Tick Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Ticks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72483302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+amitraz+applied+to+white-tailed+deer+by+the+%274-poster%27+topical+treatment+device+in+controlling+free-living+lone+star+ticks+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29.&rft.au=Pound%2C+J+M%3BMiller%2C+J+A%3BGeorge%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Pound&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=878&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella penetration of egg shells and proliferation in broiler hatching eggs--a review. AN - 72430646; 11092327 AB - The presence of salmonellae in fertile broiler hatching eggs has been clearly identified as a critical control point in the salmonellae contamination of broiler chickens. This paper reviews the published research studies on a) the penetration and proliferation of salmonellae in hatching eggs, b) the consequences of this contamination on the contamination of the final product, and c) the egg's defenses against invading salmonellae. A better understanding of the material in this review paper will assist poultry researchers and the poultry industry in continuing to make progress in reducing and eliminating salmonellae from fertile hatching eggs, hatcheries, and breeder flocks. JF - Poultry science AU - Cox, N A AU - Berrang, M E AU - Cason, J A AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service-Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. ncox@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 1571 EP - 1574 VL - 79 IS - 11 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- transmission KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Salmonella Infections -- transmission KW - Egg Shell -- microbiology KW - Chick Embryo -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- physiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72430646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Salmonella+penetration+of+egg+shells+and+proliferation+in+broiler+hatching+eggs--a+review.&rft.au=Cox%2C+N+A%3BBerrang%2C+M+E%3BCason%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2001-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive toxicoses of food animals. AN - 72429445; 11084991 AB - Reproductive dysfunction has many potential causes. In this article, the authors discuss toxicants that have been shown to affect reproduction, with emphasis on food-producing animals and fowl. The discussion is brief and written to provide a resource for clinicians, students, and scientists by focusing on toxicant-induced reproductive dysfunction and discussing the toxicant, source, clinical effects, and livestock species known or suspected to be affected. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Panter, K E AU - Stegelmeier, B L AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Logan, Utah. kpanter@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 531 EP - 44, vii-viii VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Animals, Domestic -- physiology KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- veterinary KW - Food Contamination KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Infertility -- chemically induced KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72429445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Reproductive+toxicoses+of+food+animals.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Medicago truncatula mutants defective in calcium oxalate crystal formation. AN - 72421682; 11080287 AB - Plants accumulate crystals of calcium oxalate in a variety of shapes, sizes, amounts, and spatial locations. How and why many plants form crystals of calcium oxalate remain largely unknown. To gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms of crystal formation and function, we have initiated a mutant screen to identify the genetic determinants. Leaves from a chemically mutagenized Medicago truncatula population were visually screened for alterations in calcium oxalate crystal formation. Seven different classes of calcium oxalate defective mutants were identified that exhibited alterations in crystal nucleation, morphology, distribution and/or amount. Genetic analysis suggested that crystal formation is a complex process involving more than seven loci. Phenotypic analysis of a mutant that lacks crystals, cod 5, did not reveal any difference in plant growth and development compared with controls. This finding brings into question the hypothesized roles of calcium oxalate formation in supporting tissue structure and in regulating excess tissue calcium. JF - Plant physiology AU - Nakata, P A AU - McConn, M M AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas 77030-2600, USA. pnakata@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 1097 EP - 1104 VL - 124 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Calcium Oxalate KW - 2612HC57YE KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Crystallization KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Plant Leaves -- metabolism KW - Plant Leaves -- cytology KW - Mutation KW - Calcium Oxalate -- chemistry KW - Calcium Oxalate -- metabolism KW - Medicago sativa -- genetics KW - Medicago sativa -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72421682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Medicago+truncatula+mutants+defective+in+calcium+oxalate+crystal+formation.&rft.au=Nakata%2C+P+A%3BMcConn%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Nakata&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-04-19 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2000 Feb;3(1):79-84 [10679450] Phytochemistry. 2000 Feb;53(4):433-40 [10731019] Plant Physiol. 2000 Aug;123(4):1387-98 [10938356] J Urol. 1998 Nov;160(5):1617-24 [9783918] Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Oct;50(4):830-2 [2801588] Eur J Cell Biol. 1990 Feb;51(1):9-16 [2184039] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Aug 1;90(15):6986-90 [8346206] J Nutr. 1987 Nov;117(11):1903-6 [3681480] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of the quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence by liposomes made from plant lipids. AN - 72387892; 11058686 AB - Several laboratories have determined the surface charge density of membranes utilizing methods based on vesicle-induced quenching of the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine and its relief by other cations. However, the computational methods by which surface charge density were calculated have not been verified in a model system. In this study, the quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence by liposomes made from varying amounts of digalactosyldiacylglyceride and phosphatidic acid and relief of quenching by salts was examined. Quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence increased with increasing amounts of phosphatidic acid added, independent of the composition of the added liposomes. In certain instances, the computational methods did not yield the surface charge density of the liposomes expected from their composition. However, when the effects of background ionic strength on surface potential were considered, there was a positive correlation between expected and calculated values. Therefore, the data support the contention that changes in the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine can be used to calculate surface charge density of membranes. JF - The Journal of membrane biology AU - Brauer, D K AU - Yermiyahu, U AU - Rytwo, G AU - Kinraide, T B AD - Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, 1224 Airport Road, Post Office Box 400, Beaver, WV 25813-0400, USA. Y1 - 2000/11/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Nov 01 SP - 43 EP - 48 VL - 178 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2631, 0022-2631 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - 0 KW - Glycerides KW - Glycolipids KW - Liposomes KW - Phosphatidic Acids KW - Aminacrine KW - 78OY3Z0P7Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Fluorescence KW - Plants KW - Glycerides -- chemistry KW - Glycolipids -- chemistry KW - Fluorescent Dyes -- chemistry KW - Phosphatidic Acids -- chemistry KW - Aminacrine -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72387892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+membrane+biology&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+the+quenching+of+9-aminoacridine+fluorescence+by+liposomes+made+from+plant+lipids.&rft.au=Brauer%2C+D+K%3BYermiyahu%2C+U%3BRytwo%2C+G%3BKinraide%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Brauer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+membrane+biology&rft.issn=00222631&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total radioactive residues and clenbuterol residues in swine after dietary administration of [14C]clenbuterol for seven days and preslaughter withdrawal periods of zero, three, or seven days. AN - 72387692; 11063315 AB - Nine barrows (23.8 +/- 0.9 kg) and 9 gilts (23.1 +/- 0.9 kg) were used to determine the disposition of radiocarbon after oral [14C]clenbuterol (4-amino-alpha-[t-butylaminomethyl]-3,5-dichlorobenzyl [7-(14)C]alcohol hydrochloride) administration and to determine total and parent residues in edible tissues. Three barrows and three gilts, housed in metabolism crates, were fed 1 ppm [14C]clenbuterol HCl for seven consecutive days in three separate trials; a single barrow and gilt from each trial was slaughtered after 0-, 3-, or 7-d preslaughter withdrawal periods. Urine and feces were collected during the dosing and the withdrawal period; edible and inedible tissues were collected at slaughter. Total recovery of radiocarbon was 94.2 +/- 6.5%. Total clenbuterol absorption was greater than 75% for barrows and 60% for gilts. Total radioactive residues in tissues were not different (P > 0.05) between barrows and gilts. Concentrations of parent clenbuterol in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and lung did not differ between barrows and gilts (P > 0.05). Total radioactive and parent residues declined in tissues as withdrawal period increased. After the 0-d withdrawal period, total liver residues (286 ppb) were approximately equal to lung residues, twice those of the kidney, and about 15 times those of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. After a 7-d withdrawal period, total radioactive residues in liver (15 ppb) were roughly three times greater than lung, kidney, and adipose tissue total residues and about 13 times those of skeletal muscle total residues. Parent clenbuterol represented 79, 63, 42, 67, and 100% of the total radioactive residue in adipose tissue, kidney, liver, lung, and skeletal muscle, respectively, in hogs slaughtered with a 0-d withdrawal period. With increasing withdrawal period, the percentage of total radioactive residue present as parent clenbuterol within edible tissues (including lung) decreased, so that after a 7-d withdrawal period, 7, 16, and 29% of the total residue was composed of parent clenbuterol in kidney, liver, and lung, respectively. After a 7-d withdrawal period, parent clenbuterol exceeded the European maximum residue limit (0.5 ppb) 4.6-fold in liver and 2.4-fold in lung. In muscle, clenbuterol was approximately 40 times the limit after a 0-d withdrawal period but had dropped below 0.5 ppb after a 3-d withdrawal period. Results from this study indicate that clenbuterol HCl is well absorbed in swine and that the use of clenbuterol in this species in an off-label manner is inconsistent with human food safety standards used in developed countries. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Smith, D J AD - USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA. smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 2903 EP - 2912 VL - 78 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Carbon Isotopes KW - 0 KW - Growth Substances KW - Clenbuterol KW - XTZ6AXU7KN KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Diet KW - Weight Gain KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Carbon Isotopes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Clenbuterol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Growth Substances -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72387692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Total+radioactive+residues+and+clenbuterol+residues+in+swine+after+dietary+administration+of+%5B14C%5Dclenbuterol+for+seven+days+and+preslaughter+withdrawal+periods+of+zero%2C+three%2C+or+seven+days.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-02 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of soil texture and tillage on herbicide transport. AN - 72373258; 11057568 AB - Two long-term no-till corn production studies, representing different soil texture, consistently showed higher leaching of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] to groundwater in a silt loam soil than in a sandy loam soil. A laboratory leaching study was initiated using intact soil cores from the two sites to determine whether the soil texture could account for the observed differences. Six intact soil cores (16 cm dia by 20 cm high) were collected from a four-year old no-till corn plots at each of the two locations (ca. 25 km apart). All cores were mounted in funnels and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) was measured. Three cores (from each soil texture) with the lowest Ksat were mixed and repacked. All cores were surface treated with 1.7 kg ai ha(-1) [ring-14C] atrazine, subjected to simulated rainfall at a constant 12 mm h(-1) intensity until nearly 3 pore volume of leachate was collected and analyzed for a total of 14C. On an average, nearly 40% more of atrazine was leached through the intact silt loam than the sandy loam soil cores. For both the intact and repacked cores, the initial atrazine leaching rates were higher in the silt loam than the sandy loam soils, indicating that macropore flow was a more prominent mechanism for atrazine leaching in the silt loam soil. A predominance of macropore flow in the silt loam soil, possibly due to greater aggregate stability, may account for the observed leaching patterns for both field and laboratory studies. JF - Chemosphere AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Isensee, A R AU - Shirmohammadi, A AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. asadeghi@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 1327 EP - 1332 VL - 41 IS - 9 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Soil -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72373258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Influence+of+soil+texture+and+tillage+on+herbicide+transport.&rft.au=Sadeghi%2C+A+M%3BIsensee%2C+A+R%3BShirmohammadi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sadeghi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning of a horn fly cDNA, HialphaE7, encoding an esterase whose transcript concentration is elevated in diazinon-resistant flies. AN - 72263183; 10989298 AB - Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to clone two esterase cDNAs from a diazinon-resistant field population of horn flies that expresses qualitative and quantitative differences in esterases compared with a susceptible population. The open reading frame from one of the esterase cDNAs, HialphaE7, exhibits substantial amino-acid identity to an esterase associated with diazinon resistance in Lucilia cuprina. RNA Northern blots showed that HialphaE7 mRNA was more abundant in the diazinon-resistant population than the susceptible population. DNA copy number analysis did not reveal major differences in HialphaE7 gene copy number between the two populations. The full-length cDNA to HialphaE7 was cloned and sequenced, and found to contain all of the highly conserved sequence elements associated with carboxyl/cholinesterases. The HialphaE7 homologs in diazinon-resistant strains of L. cuprina and Musca domestica have been shown to possess an amino-acid substitution conferring diazinon hydrolytic activity to the esterase enzyme. This amino-acid substitution was not found in diazinon-resistant horn flies examined by allele-specific PCR. Individual flies from the resistant field population were phenotyped as diazinon-resistant or diazinon-susceptible by topical diazinon application bioassays and total RNA isolated and hybridized to HialphaE7 probe in ribonuclease protection assays. HialphaE7 transcript was expressed at a five-fold higher level in resistant female individual flies than in susceptible female individuals. JF - Insect biochemistry and molecular biology AU - Guerrero, F D AD - USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, 78028, Kerrville, TX, USA. felixg@ktc.com Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 1107 EP - 1115 VL - 30 IS - 11 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Biological Assay KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Female KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Esterases -- genetics KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Esterases -- analysis KW - Muscidae -- genetics KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Muscidae -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72263183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Cloning+of+a+horn+fly+cDNA%2C+HialphaE7%2C+encoding+an+esterase+whose+transcript+concentration+is+elevated+in+diazinon-resistant+flies.&rft.au=Guerrero%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of nixtamalization (Alkaline cooking) on fumonisin-contaminated corn for production of masa and tortillas. AN - 70777579; 11087554 AB - Studies were undertaken to determine the fate of the mycotoxins, fumonisins, during the process of alkaline cooking (nixtamalization), using normal-appearing corn that was naturally contaminated with fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) at 8.79 ppm. Corn was processed into tortillas, starting with raw corn that was cooked with lime and allowed to steep overnight; the steeped corn (nixtamal) was washed and ground into masa, which was used to make tortillas. Calculations to determine how much of the original fumonisin remained in the finished products took into consideration that FB(1) will be converted to hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1) (HFB(1)) by the process of alkaline cooking. All fractions, including steeping and washing water, were weighed, and percent moisture and fumonisin content were determined. Tortillas contained approximately 0.50 ppm of FB(1), plus 0.36 ppm of HFB(1), which represented 18.5% of the initial FB(1) concentration. Three-fourths of the original amount of fumonisin was present in the liquid fractions, primarily as HFB(1). Nixtamalization significantly reduced the amount of fumonisin in maize. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, M A AU - Dvorak, T J AU - Barron, M E AU - Rooney, L W AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604-3902, USA. mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 5781 EP - 5786 VL - 48 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cooking KW - Hydrolysis KW - Zea mays KW - Food Contamination KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Flour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70777579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+nixtamalization+%28Alkaline+cooking%29+on+fumonisin-contaminated+corn+for+production+of+masa+and+tortillas.&rft.au=Dombrink-Kurtzman%2C+M+A%3BDvorak%2C+T+J%3BBarron%2C+M+E%3BRooney%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Dombrink-Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin B(1)-nonproducing strains of Fusarium verticillioides cause maize (Zea mays) ear infection and ear rot. AN - 70764836; 11087553 AB - Fumonisins are polyketide mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (synonym F. moniliforme), a major pathogen of maize (Zea mays) worldwide. Most field strains produce high levels of fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) and low levels of the less-oxygenated homologues FB(2) and FB(3), but fumonisin B(1)-nonproducing field strains have been obtained by natural variation. To test the role of various fumonisins in pathogenesis on maize under field conditions, one strain producing FB(1), FB(2), and FB(3), one strain producing only FB(2), one strain producing only FB(3), and one fumonisin-nonproducing strain were applied to ears via the silk channel and on seeds at planting. Disease severity on the harvested ears was evaluated by visible symptoms and by weight percent symptomatic kernels. Fumonisin levels in kernels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The presence of the applied FB(1)-nonproducing strains in kernels was determined by analysis of recovered strains for fumonisin production and other traits. All three FB(1)-nonproducing strains were able to infect ears following either silk-channel application or seed application at planting and were as effective as the FB(1)-producing strain in causing ear rot following silk-channel application. These results indicate that production of FB(1), FB(2), or FB(3) is not required for F. verticillioides to cause maize ear infection and ear rot. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. desjarae@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 5773 EP - 5780 VL - 48 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Genetic Variation KW - Plant Roots -- microbiology KW - Seeds -- microbiology KW - Plant Diseases KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70764836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+B%281%29-nonproducing+strains+of+Fusarium+verticillioides+cause+maize+%28Zea+mays%29+ear+infection+and+ear+rot.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5773&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of existing and site-specific pedotransfer functions to predict hydraulic properties for Hanford Site sediments AN - 52059562; 2002-071990 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Schaap, Marcel G AU - Meyer, Philip D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 411 EP - 412 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 81 IS - 48, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - soils KW - leaking underground storage tanks KW - Washington KW - Hanford Site KW - Grant County Washington KW - Franklin County Washington KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - transport KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Benton County Washington KW - Superfund sites KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52059562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+existing+and+site-specific+pedotransfer+functions+to+predict+hydraulic+properties+for+Hanford+Site+sediments&rft.au=Schaap%2C+Marcel+G%3BMeyer%2C+Philip+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=48%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2000 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Benton County Washington; environmental analysis; Franklin County Washington; Grant County Washington; ground water; Hanford Site; hydraulic conductivity; leaking underground storage tanks; soils; Superfund sites; transport; United States; Washington ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term research in alpine/subalpine ecosystems, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado AN - 51554221; 2006-070135 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Stottlemyer, Robert AU - Troendle, C A AU - Herrmann, R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 1 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 81 IS - 48, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - concentration KW - subalpine environment KW - Fraser experimental forest KW - terrestrial environment KW - snowmelt KW - moisture KW - ecosystems KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - water balance KW - vegetation KW - nutrients KW - snow KW - runoff KW - ecology KW - nitrate ion KW - Colorado KW - deforestation KW - meltwater KW - alpine environment KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51554221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Long-term+research+in+alpine%2Fsubalpine+ecosystems%2C+Fraser+Experimental+Forest%2C+Colorado&rft.au=Stottlemyer%2C+Robert%3BTroendle%2C+C+A%3BHerrmann%2C+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Stottlemyer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=48%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=F379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2000 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alpine environment; atmospheric precipitation; Colorado; concentration; deforestation; ecology; ecosystems; Fraser experimental forest; hydrology; meltwater; moisture; nitrate ion; nutrients; runoff; snow; snowmelt; subalpine environment; terrestrial environment; United States; vegetation; water balance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between soil processes and stream chemistry in a small taiga-tundra watershed, Alaska AN - 51553310; 2006-070134 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Sottlemyer, R AU - Herrmann, R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 1 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 81 IS - 48, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - terrestrial environment KW - taiga environment KW - tundra KW - surface water KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - nitrogen KW - nitrification KW - dissolved materials KW - carbon KW - Noatak National Preserve KW - ecology KW - Alaska KW - organic carbon KW - geochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51553310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+soil+processes+and+stream+chemistry+in+a+small+taiga-tundra+watershed%2C+Alaska&rft.au=Sottlemyer%2C+R%3BHerrmann%2C+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Sottlemyer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=48%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=F379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2000 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; carbon; dissolved materials; ecology; forests; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; hydrology; nitrification; nitrogen; Noatak National Preserve; organic carbon; pollution; soils; surface water; taiga environment; terrestrial environment; tundra; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discrimination of Senescent Vegetation Using Thermal Emissivity Contrast AN - 17898109; 5137626 AB - A remote sensing method utilizing multiband thermal infrared (8-12 mu m) imagery that discriminates between senescent vegetation and bare soil is described. This discrimination is achieved by computing thermal band emissivities from a temperature-emissivity separation algorithm, and then classifying surface features based on spectral emissivity contrast. In a study of rangelands and winter wheat fields in central Oklahoma, the contrast, or range, of these spectral emissivities is diagnostic of the presence or absence of surface vegetative cover. A large range of emissivities, approximately greater than 0.03, is indicative of bare soil, while a low range, less than 0.02, is indicative of vegetative cover. When knowledge of the emissivity range is combined with a vegetation index, such as NDVI, the surface may be classified by a ternary system: bare soil, green vegetation, and senescent vegetation. Discrimination between bare soil and soil covered with senescent vegetation using emissivity contrast should be feasible in other settings. The benefit of this technique is that heat flux predictions can be based on a more accurate surface representation than otherwise provided by visible and near-infrared land classification schemes. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - French, AN AU - Schmugge, T J AU - Kustas, W P AD - Hydrology Lab, Building 007, BARC-WEST, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, anfrench@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 249 EP - 254 VL - 74 IS - 2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Rangelands KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Remote sensing KW - Thermography KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17898109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Discrimination+of+Senescent+Vegetation+Using+Thermal+Emissivity+Contrast&rft.au=French%2C+AN%3BSchmugge%2C+T+J%3BKustas%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation patterns; Soil; Rangelands; Remote sensing; Thermography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolutionary relationships among the soybean bradyrhizobia reconstructed from 16S rRNA gene and internally transcribed spacer region sequence divergence AN - 17877574; 5121334 AB - From sequence divergence of 16S rRNA genes and the internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region it is reported that variation in phylogenetic placement exists among the 17 different serotype strains of Bradyrhizobium that have been isolated from nodules of soybean. Evolutionary relationships among the bradyrhizobia were more resolved using reconstructions derived from ITS than from 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence. Strain USDA 129 was placed together with USDA 62, 110, 122 and 126, but did not cluster with USDA 123 and 127, with which it shares antigenic determinants. The results from the phylogenetic analysis were supported with data from determinations of genetic diversity among additional strains within each of these serogroups using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. From these results it was concluded that strains of serogroup 129 were more similar to strains of serogroups 62, 110 and 122 than they were to strains of serogroups 123 and 127. The serotype strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 135 and the type strain for Bradyrhizobium liaoningense possessed identical 16S rRNA gene and ITS region sequences. Also, the type strain for B. liaoningense cross-reacted with antisera prepared against somatic antigens of USDA 135. Therefore, it was not possible to distinguish B. liaoningense from serogroup 135 in our analysis of B. japonicum and Bradyrhizobium elkanii. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Van Berkum, P AU - Fuhrmann, J J AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, HH-4, Bldg 010, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 2165 EP - 2172 PB - Society for General Microbiology VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - soybean KW - rRNA 16S gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Spacer region KW - Bradyrhizobium KW - Nodules KW - Glycine max KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17877574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+relationships+among+the+soybean+bradyrhizobia+reconstructed+from+16S+rRNA+gene+and+internally+transcribed+spacer+region+sequence+divergence&rft.au=Van+Berkum%2C+P%3BFuhrmann%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Van+Berkum&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Bradyrhizobium; Spacer region; Nodules ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The txtAB genes of the plant pathogen Streptomyces acidiscabies encode a peptide synthetase required for phytotoxin thaxtomin A production and pathogenicity AN - 17832691; 4866075 AB - Four Streptomyces species have been described as the causal agents of scab disease, which affects economically important root and tuber crops worldwide. These species produce a family of cyclic dipeptides, the thaxtomins, which alone mimic disease symptomatology. Structural considerations suggest that thaxtomins are synthesized non-ribosomally. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify conserved portions of the acyladenylation module of peptide synthetase genes from genomic DNA of representatives of the four species. Pairwise Southern hybridizations identified a peptide synthetase acyladenylation module conserved among three species. The complete nucleotide sequences of two peptide synthetase genes (txtAB) were determined from S. acidiscabies 84.104 cosmid library clones. The organization of the deduced TxtA and TxtB peptide synthetase catalytic domains is consistent with the formation of N-methylated cyclic dipeptides such as thaxtomins. Based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, thaxtomin A production was abolished in txtA gene disruption mutants. Although the growth and morphological characteristics of the mutants were identical to those of the parent strain, txtA mutants were avirulent on potato tubers. Moreover, introduction of the thaxtomin synthetase cosmid into a txtA mutant restored both pathogenicity and thaxtomin A production, demonstrating a critical role for thaxtomins in pathogenesis. JF - Molecular Microbiology AU - Healy, G F AU - Wach, M AU - Krasnoff, B S AU - Gibson, MD AU - Loria, R AD - Department of Plant Pathology, 334 Plant Science Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. USDA Agricultural Research Service, US Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 794 EP - 804 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0950-382X, 0950-382X KW - cDNA KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - TxtA protein KW - TxtB protein KW - peptide synthetase KW - phytotoxin KW - scab disease KW - thaxtomin A KW - thaxtomin synthase KW - txtA gene KW - txtB gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptomyces acidiscabies KW - Pathogenicity KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Phytotoxins KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17832691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+txtAB+genes+of+the+plant+pathogen+Streptomyces+acidiscabies+encode+a+peptide+synthetase+required+for+phytotoxin+thaxtomin+A+production+and+pathogenicity&rft.au=Healy%2C+G+F%3BWach%2C+M%3BKrasnoff%2C+B+S%3BGibson%2C+MD%3BLoria%2C+R&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=794&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.issn=0950382X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptomyces acidiscabies; Pathogenicity; Nucleotide sequence; Phytotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Fish Populations by Removal Methods with Minnow Traps in Southeast Alaska Streams AN - 17815935; 4858933 AB - Passive capture methods, such as minnow traps, are commonly used to capture fish for mark-recapture population estimates; however, they have not been used for removal methods. Minnow traps set for 90-min periods during three or four sequential capture occasions during the summer of 1996 were used to capture coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch fry and parr, Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma, cutthroat trout O. clarki, and juvenile steelhead O. mykiss to estimate population size with the Zippin or generalized removal method. More than 45% of the total catch was obtained during the first capture occasion, and in most cases, the catch during the fourth occasion was less than 15% of the total catch. In most pools, the probability of capture was greater than 0.4 but was lower for coho salmon fry than for coho salmon parr and other species. Mean population estimates for coho salmon parr made with concurrent mark-recapture and removal methods differed significantly in small streams. Estimates from mark-recapture and removal methods were not significantly different for coho salmon fry and Dolly Varden, but mark-recapture estimates were higher than removal estimates in most cases. My results show that removal estimates can be obtained with minnow traps if sampling procedures conform to the assumptions required for the method. JF - North American Journal of Fisheries Management AU - Bryant, MD AD - United States Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane 2A, Juneau, AK 99801, USA, mdbryant@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 923 EP - 930 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0275-5947, 0275-5947 KW - Coho salmon KW - Cutthroat trout KW - Dolly varden KW - Rainbow trout KW - USA, Alaska KW - mark-recapture KW - minnow traps KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Salmon fisheries KW - Salvelinus malma KW - Stock assessment KW - Oncorhynchus clarki KW - Traps KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Population levels KW - Trap fishing KW - Sampling KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - Population number KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Q1 08602:Surveying and prospecting KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17815935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.atitle=Estimating+Fish+Populations+by+Removal+Methods+with+Minnow+Traps+in+Southeast+Alaska+Streams&rft.au=Bryant%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=923&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.issn=02755947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmon fisheries; Stock assessment; Trap fishing; Population number; Traps; Population levels; Sampling; Salvelinus malma; Oncorhynchus clarki; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Oncorhynchus kisutch ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Evaluation of Phomopsis amaranthicola, A Biological Control Agent of Amaranthus spp. AN - 17799482; 4845523 AB - There are approximately 60 species in the genus Amaranthus, of which seven are used as grains, leafy vegetables, or ornamentals. The majority of the remaining species are considered important weeds. A new fungal species, Phomopsis amaranthicola, isolated from stem and leaf lesions on an Amaranthus sp. plant, was found to be pathogenic to 22 species of Amaranthus tested. The efficacy of this fungus was tested in field trials using one or two postemergent applications of the fungus consisting of two concentrations of conidia or mycelial suspensions. Species tested for susceptibility in the field included Amaranthus hybridus, A. lividus, A. viridus, A. spinosus, and a triazine-resistant A. hybridus. The cumulative disease incidence data for each treatment within each species were plotted versus time using regression for lifetime data. Plant mortality was recorded 2, 4, and 6 weeks after inoculation. There were significant differences between the treatment effects in the control plots versus the plots treated with P. amaranthicola. The highest level of control was obtained in the first trial when the fungus was applied at 6 x 10 super(7) conidia per ml. Final mortality of all species, except A. hybridus, reached 100% in inoculated plots 25 days earlier than in noninoculated control plots. Conidial suspensions were more effective in controlling the species in the second trial than were mycelial suspensions. Spread of the pathogen to noninoculated control plots was faster in the second year than in other years. High levels of plant mortality were achieved in plots of A. spinosus, A. lividus, and A. viridis. A. hybridus and the triazine-resistant A. hybridus were not effectively controlled in the second year due to the advanced stage of plant growth (8 to 10 true leaves) at the time of pathogen application. Results confirmed that P. amaranthicola is an effective biocontrol agent of some of the Amaranthus spp. tested. JF - Plant Disease AU - Rosskopf, EN AU - Charudattan, R AU - DeValerio, J T AU - Stall, WM AD - USDA/ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA, erosskopf@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 1225 EP - 1230 VL - 84 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Amaranthus KW - Phomopsis amaranthicola KW - Disease control KW - Inoculum KW - Leaves KW - Lesions KW - Conidia KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17799482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Field+Evaluation+of+Phomopsis+amaranthicola%2C+A+Biological+Control+Agent+of+Amaranthus+spp.&rft.au=Rosskopf%2C+EN%3BCharudattan%2C+R%3BDeValerio%2C+J+T%3BStall%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Rosskopf&rft.aufirst=EN&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phomopsis amaranthicola; Amaranthus; Biological control; Plant diseases; Lesions; Leaves; Inoculum; Conidia; Disease control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disease Resistance: What's Brewing in Barley Genomics AN - 17798848; 4845514 AB - Cereal crops pose a substantial challenge to gene discovery. Except for rice and sorghum, most have large, complex genomes, the bulk of which consist of repetitive sequences and retrotransposons (7,53). Thus, much of the early research relating to the molecular study of plant disease resistance has occurred in species with small genomes, such as Arabidopsis, rice, and tomato. The knowledge acquired from these model species has facilitated similar efforts in cereal crops. The goal of this report is to summarize the current tools available and to outline selected examples where these tools have been useful for the investigation of disease resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Because molecular investigations have focused primarily on fungal pathogens, they will be the subject of this review. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wise, R P AD - USDA-ARS, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 1160 EP - 1170 VL - 84 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - barley KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Plant diseases KW - Cereals KW - Reviews KW - Genetic analysis KW - Disease resistance KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17798848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Disease+Resistance%3A+What%27s+Brewing+in+Barley+Genomics&rft.au=Wise%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hordeum vulgare; Reviews; Disease resistance; Genetic analysis; Cereals; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of a Select Group of Seed Protectant Fungicides on Growth of Sclerotinia minor In Vitro and Its Recovery from Infested Peanut Seed AN - 17798365; 4845521 AB - Potato-dextrose agar containing 100 mu g of streptomycin sulfate per milliliter of medium (SPDA) was amended to establish levels of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mu g/ml of the fungicides thiophanate-methyl, carboxin, dicloran, captan, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), or thiram. Fresh mycelial plugs, dry mycelial fragments, and sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor were placed onto the amended media, and mycelial growth and sclerotial germination were determined for 7 days. Thiophanate-methyl was the most effective chemical in inhibiting growth of S. minor, followed by PCNB and dicloran. Thiophanate-methyl was the only chemical that prevented germination of sclerotia of S. minor. Peanut seed naturally infested with S. minor was treated with the fungicides alone or in various combinations; control seed was treated with talcum powder. Seed was stored in polyethylene bags for 12 weeks at 24 degree C. To determine the incidence of viable S. minor in treated seed, seed was removed from bags, washed for 1 min in 0.2% unscented, liquid soap solution, rinsed twice in distilled water, and then dried for 15 min prior to plating on SPDA. The incidence of S. minor in talcum and thiophanate-methyl treated seed was 3.68 and 0.0%, respectively. Incidence of S. minor in seed treated with the other compounds ranged from 0.40 to 0.56%. Subsequent tests were performed using thiophanate-methyl and some of the above chemicals, in combinations or alone. These tests confirmed that thiophanate-methyl was the only compound that consistently reduced recovery of S. minor from infested seed. Germination of thiophanate-methyl treated seed equaled that of seed treated with talcum. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bowen, C AU - Melouk, HA AU - Jackson, KE AU - Payton, ME AD - Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-9947, USA, hassan@okstate.edu Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 1217 EP - 1220 VL - 84 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - carboxin KW - dicloran KW - quintozene KW - thiophanate-methyl KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Germination KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Plant diseases KW - Sclerotinia minor KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Seed treatments KW - Fungicides KW - Captan KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17798365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effect+of+a+Select+Group+of+Seed+Protectant+Fungicides+on+Growth+of+Sclerotinia+minor+In+Vitro+and+Its+Recovery+from+Infested+Peanut+Seed&rft.au=Bowen%2C+C%3BMelouk%2C+HA%3BJackson%2C+KE%3BPayton%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arachis hypogaea; Sclerotinia minor; Seed treatments; Fungicides; Drug sensitivity testing; Germination; Plant diseases; Captan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antipredatory Activity of the Weevil Oxyops vitiosa: A Biological Control Agent of Melaleuca quinquenervia AN - 17766434; 4821074 AB - The larvae of the leaf-feeding weevil Oxyops vitiosa, a biological control agent of Melaleuca quinquenervia, are covered with a viscous orange coating that is thought to protect against generalist predators. This coating is gradually lost as the larvae drop to the ground and pupate in subterranean pupal cells. To test the antipredator activity of this species, four immature life stages (early instars, late instars, prepupae, pupae) were exposed to a common generalist predator, the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Choice tests were conducted by placing an O. vitiosa individual and a control larva of the weevil Neochetina eichhorniae into an arena containing a S. invicta colony and observing subsequent ant behaviors. S. invicta workers contacted O. vitiosa early instars, late instars, and prepupae less frequently than control N. eichhorniae larvae, and upon contact S. invicta was less likely to behave aggressively toward these O. vitiosa life stages than toward N. eichhorniae larvae. However, S. invicta contacted, attacked, and consumed naked (nonencased) O. vitiosa pupae and N. eichhorniae larvae with equal frequency. Encased O. vitiosa pupae buried in sand were not attacked compared to susceptible encased pupae on the sand surface. By shifting from a chemical defense during the larval stages to a physical defense during the pupal stage, O. vitiosa reduces the risk of attack by this generalist predator. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Montgomery, B R AU - Wheeler, G S AD - USDA/ARS Aquatic Weed Research Unit, 3205 College Avenue, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA, wheelerg@eemail.com Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 915 EP - 926 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Larvae KW - Bottle brush tree KW - Snout beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Oxyops vitiosa KW - Anti-predator behavior KW - Curculionidae KW - Melaleuca quinquenervia KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17766434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Antipredatory+Activity+of+the+Weevil+Oxyops+vitiosa%3A+A+Biological+Control+Agent+of+Melaleuca+quinquenervia&rft.au=Montgomery%2C+B+R%3BWheeler%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxyops vitiosa; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Curculionidae; Anti-predator behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of the shape of the soil hydraulic functions near saturation on variably-saturated flow predictions AN - 17765500; 4826431 AB - Relatively small changes in the shape of the soil water retention curve near saturation can significantly affect the results of numerical simulations of variably saturated flow, including the performance of the numerical scheme itself in terms of stability and rate of convergence. In this paper, we use a modified form of the van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) soil hydraulic functions to account for a very small, but non-zero minimum capillary height, h sub(s), in the soil water retention curve. The modified VGM model is contrasted with the original formulation by comparing simulation results for infiltration in homogeneous soils assuming both constant pressure and constant flux boundary conditions. The two models gave significantly different results for infiltration in fine-textured soils, even for h sub(s)-values as small as -1 cm. Incorporating a small minimum capillary height in the hydraulic properties leads to less non-linearity in the hydraulic conductivity function near saturation and, because of this, to more stable numerical solutions of the flow equation. This study indicates an urgent need for experimental studies that assess the precise shape of the hydraulic conductivity curve near saturation, especially for relatively fine-textured soils. For one example we found considerable improvement in the predicted conductivity function when a value of -2 cm for h sub(s) was used in the modified VGM model. JF - Advances in Water Resources AU - Vogel, T AU - van Genuchten, MT AU - Cislerova, M AD - George E. Brown, Jr., Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, USA, vogel@fsv.cvut.cz Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 133 EP - 144 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0309-1708, 0309-1708 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Soil Water Movement KW - Hydraulics KW - Soil Texture KW - Conductance KW - Soil/water systems KW - Model Testing KW - Capillary Water KW - Saturation KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Model Studies KW - Infiltration KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17765500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=Effect+of+the+shape+of+the+soil+hydraulic+functions+near+saturation+on+variably-saturated+flow+predictions&rft.au=Vogel%2C+T%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+MT%3BCislerova%2C+M&rft.aulast=Vogel&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.issn=03091708&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydraulics; Conductance; Soil/water systems; Infiltration; Saturation; Soil Water Movement; Soil Texture; Capillary Water; Model Testing; Permeability Coefficient; Hydraulic Properties; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Diet and Mating on Oviposition in the Twospotted Stink Bug Perillus bioculatus (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) AN - 17764164; 4819224 AB - Control females of the twospotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus (F.), and those given an artificial diet mated repeatedly over their lifetimes when held with males. The average number of observed matings was 4 and 8.4 in the controls and those given the artificial diet, respectively. Mating and an adequate diet are prerequisites for laying a full compliment of eggs in this insect. Virgins laid an average of 22 eggs compared with 138 in the multiply mated controls, 84 in singly mated females and 42 in multiply mated females given an artificial diet. The number of clutches deposited was not significantly affected by treatment, but the number of eggs per clutch was significantly lower in virgins and those given the artificial diet than in the controls or once mated females. The number of eggs per clutch showed no significant changes as the female aged. Oviposition rates were calculated over 5-d periods for each female and presented as eggs per day. In all experimental groups the number of eggs deposited per interval decreased as the females aged. By 27.5 d after the start of oviposition, females from all treatments laid one or fewer eggs per day. The decrease in eggs per day deposited by females as they aged is attributed to an increase in the time between clutch deposition. Egg viability showed no significant differences among the multiply mated controls, once mated females, or the multiply mated females given the artificial diet. This suggests that multiple mating is not required to maintain egg viability, but is necessary to maintain oviposition over the lifetime of the female. Low numbers of eggs oviposited by females given the artificial diet is attributed to the production of fewer mature follicles than in the controls and not to an impairment of the process of oviposition. In contrast, the lower number of eggs laid by virgin females results from an impairment of the oviposition process and not the impairment of ovarian follicle maturation. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Adams, T S AD - Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 1288 EP - 1293 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=1288] VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - females KW - Hemiptera KW - Stink bugs KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Mating behavior KW - Perillus bioculatus KW - Pentatomidae KW - Eggs KW - Oviposition KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17764164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Diet+and+Mating+on+Oviposition+in+the+Twospotted+Stink+Bug+Perillus+bioculatus+%28F.%29+%28Heteroptera%3A+Pentatomidae%29&rft.au=Adams%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%281288%3AEODAMO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pentatomidae; Perillus bioculatus; Mating behavior; Diets; Oviposition; Eggs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(1288:EODAMO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential for Modifying the Behavior of the Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with Plant-Derived Natural Products AN - 17762950; 4819228 AB - Bioassays were conducted to study the effectiveness of selected chemicals to prevent the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), from overwintering in buildings. We discovered that certain monoterpenoids elicited avoidance in adults toward treated filter paper within a petri dish bioassay at 1.0 mg/cm super(2). Camphor and menthol were the most effective of the monoterpenoids tested. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays revealed that beetles spent significantly more time (within 10-min observation periods) in the untreated control arm than in the arm containing camphor or menthol (both at 100 and 1,000 mu g). Another olfactometer bioassay revealed that significantly more beetles remained in the untreated control arm than in the arm containing camphor or menthol (142 mu g), within 45-min observation periods. When camphor (9.4% emulsified concentrate) was sprayed onto crevices on the exterior of a building through which beetles were entering, 100% of approaching beetles were repelled for the duration of the tests (0.5 h, two replicates). In another field experiment, significantly fewer H. axyridis were captured in traps containing camphor versus un-baited control traps. Research is continuing to develop a protocol for repelling nuisance beetle aggregations and conserving the beetles for biological control applications. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Riddick, E W AU - Aldrich, J R AU - De Milo, A AU - Davis, J C AD - Biological Control and Mass Rearing Research Unit, USDA-REE, ARS, MSA, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5367, USA, eriddick@bemrru.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 1314 EP - 1321 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=1314] VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Coleoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Terpenoids KW - camphor KW - menthol KW - monoterpenoids KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Avoidance behavior KW - Pest control KW - Harmonia axyridis KW - Repellents KW - Coccinellidae KW - Plant extracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17762950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Potential+for+Modifying+the+Behavior+of+the+Multicolored+Asian+Lady+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Coccinellidae%29+with+Plant-Derived+Natural+Products&rft.au=Riddick%2C+E+W%3BAldrich%2C+J+R%3BDe+Milo%2C+A%3BDavis%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Riddick&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%281314%3APFMTBO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coccinellidae; Harmonia axyridis; Plant extracts; Avoidance behavior; Repellents; Pest control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(1314:PFMTBO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bank and near-bank processes in an incised channel AN - 17757128; 4811015 AB - Gravitational forces acting on in situ bank material act in concert with hydraulic forces at the bank toe to determine rates of bank erosion. The interaction of these forces control streambank mechanics. Hydraulic forces exerted by flowing water on in situ bank-toe material and failed cohesive material at the bank toe are often sufficient to entrain materials at relatively frequent flows and to maintain steep lower-bank profiles. Seepage forces exerted on in situ bank material by groundwater, downward infiltration of rainwater and lateral seepage of streamflow into and out of the bank are critical in determining bank strength. Data from a study site on Goodwin Creek, MS, USA clearly show the temporal variability of seepage forces and the lag time inherent in reductions in shear strength due to losses of matric suction and generation of positive pore-water pressures. Negative pore-water pressures (matric suction) have also been shown to increase the resistance of failed cohesive blocks to entrainment by fluid shear. A stable bank can be transformed into an unstable bank during periods of prolonged rainfall through: 1. increase in soil bulk unit (specific) weight, 2. decrease or complete loss of matric suction, and, therefore, apparent cohesion, 3. generation of positive pore-water pressures, and, therefore, reduction or loss of frictional strength, 4. entrainment of in situ and failed material at the bank toe, and 5. loss of confining pressure during recession of stormflow hydrographs. Relatively small frequent flows during the winter have the ability to erode failed bank materials, maintain oversteepened, unstable bank surfaces and promote prolonged periods of bank retreat, channel migration and high yields of fine-grained sediment. Confining pressures provided by stormflow are not as significant in maintaining bank stability as the counteracting force of fluid shear on the bank toe, which steepens the bank. For example, more than 2 m of bank retreat occurred during the study period at the research site on Goodwin Creek, northern Mississippi. The loss of matric suction (negative pore pressures) due to infiltrating precipitation has been found to be as significant as the development of excess pore pressures in contributing to mass bank instability. Apparent cohesion, friction angle, soil bulk unit weight and moisture content were measured in situ. Matric suction was measured continuously, in situ with a series of five pressure-transducer tensiometers. A bank-failure algorithm, which combines the Mohr-Coulomb approach, for saturated conditions and the Fredlund modification for unsaturated conditions was developed for layered cohesive streambanks. The resulting equation has been used successfully to investigate the role of matric suction, positive pore-water pressures and confining pressure for layered streambanks composed of cohesive materials. JF - Geomorphology AU - Simon, A AU - Curini, A AU - Darby, SE AU - Langendoen, E J AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, 598 McElroy Drive, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, simon@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 193 EP - 217 VL - 35 IS - 3-4 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Channels KW - Pore Pressure KW - Hydraulics KW - Soil Water Suction KW - Cohesive Soils KW - Bank Erosion KW - Mathematical Equations KW - Soil Mechanics KW - Soil Properties KW - Seepage KW - Channel Morphology KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17757128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Bank+and+near-bank+processes+in+an+incised+channel&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BCurini%2C+A%3BDarby%2C+SE%3BLangendoen%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pore Pressure; Channels; Hydraulics; Soil Water Suction; Cohesive Soils; Mathematical Equations; Bank Erosion; Soil Mechanics; Soil Properties; Channel Morphology; Seepage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photosynthesis and Freezing Avoidance in Ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha) at Treeline in Hawaii AN - 17755668; 4810739 AB - Metrosideros polymorpha (Ohia), the dominant tree species in Hawaiian forest ecosystems, grows from sea level to treeline (2500 m). Carboxylation efficiency and area-based leaf N content were substantially higher at treeline than at lower elevations while leaf size and instantaneous photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) were substantially lower at treeline. For example, PNUE decreased from 45 mu mol CO sub(2) mol N super(-1) at low elevation to 17.4 mu mol CO sub(2) mol N super(-1) at high elevation. In contrast, average net CO sub(2) assimilation and integrated PNUE remained relatively constant along the elevation gradient despite suboptimal temperatures and decreased soil nitrogen availability at treeline. These and other homeostatic mechanisms allow M. polymorpha to maintain a relatively high level of growth-related activities at treeline despite frequent near- and below-freezing temperatures. High-elevation populations avoided freezing by supercooling apparently as a result of small leaves, reduced intercellular spaces, and low apoplastic water content in leaves. Ice nucleation temperatures were about -8.5 degree C for leaves of treeline populations, 3 degree C lower than those of low elevation populations. Irreversible tissue damage temperature decreased 7 degree C from sea level to treeline. However, the decrease appeared to be only large enough to allow M. polymorpha trees to avoid leaf tissue damage due to freezing up to the current location of treeline. All of the above leaf traits in high-elevation populations serve to promote carbon gain in a nutrient and temperature limited environment as well as to avoid freezing by supercooling. JF - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research AU - Cordell, S AU - Goldstein, G AU - Melcher, P J AU - Meinzer, F C AD - USDA Forest Service 23 E. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720, USA, cordell@hawaii.edu Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 381 EP - 387 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 1523-0430, 1523-0430 KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Photosynthesis KW - Freezing KW - Metrosideros polymorpha KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17755668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic%2C+Antarctic%2C+and+Alpine+Research&rft.atitle=Photosynthesis+and+Freezing+Avoidance+in+Ohia+%28Metrosideros+polymorpha%29+at+Treeline+in+Hawaii&rft.au=Cordell%2C+S%3BGoldstein%2C+G%3BMelcher%2C+P+J%3BMeinzer%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Cordell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arctic%2C+Antarctic%2C+and+Alpine+Research&rft.issn=15230430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metrosideros polymorpha; Photosynthesis; Freezing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Winter Photosynthesis in Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.): Limitations, Potential Benefits, and Risks AN - 17753545; 4810738 AB - Numerous cold-induced changes in physiology limit the capacity of northern conifers to photosynthesize during winter. Studies of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) have shown that rates of field photosynthesis (P sub(field)) and laboratory measurements of photosynthetic capacity (P sub(max)) generally parallel seasonal ambient temperature trends; carbon exchange decreases in the fall, remains negative or close to zero for much of the winter, and increases in the spring. However, increases in P sub(field), P sub(max), and foliar carbohydrate concentrations can occur during winter thaws. Thaw- induced increases in photosynthesis are probably not the result of increased stomatal conductance, but may result from other changes in physiology associated with thaw-induced improvements in water relations. In addition to increased photosynthesis, red spruce also decrease in cold hardiness during thaws. The co-occurrence of thaw-induced changes in photosynthesis and cold hardiness raises questions regarding their adaptive significance, particularly in the context of potential climate change. Red spruce may face a tradeoff between potentially beneficial increases in carbon capture and potentially detrimental reductions in cold tolerance. The physiological consequence(s) of this tradeoff may depend on the number and duration of thaws, as well as ambient temperature trends following thaw. Pollution-induced reductions in cold tolerance, and the low genetic variability of red spruce, may also influence the net outcome of thaw-induced changes in physiology. JF - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research AU - Schaberg, P G AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Burlington, VT 05401, USA, Pschaberg@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 375 EP - 380 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 1523-0430, 1523-0430 KW - Red spruce KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Picea rubens KW - Photosynthesis KW - Seasonal variations KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17753545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic%2C+Antarctic%2C+and+Alpine+Research&rft.atitle=Winter+Photosynthesis+in+Red+Spruce+%28Picea+rubens+Sarg.%29%3A+Limitations%2C+Potential+Benefits%2C+and+Risks&rft.au=Schaberg%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Schaberg&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arctic%2C+Antarctic%2C+and+Alpine+Research&rft.issn=15230430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea rubens; Photosynthesis; Seasonal variations; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing the Mechanism of Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases on Fruits with a Simple Method to Study Competition for Nutrients AN - 17742139; 4805180 AB - Biocontrol agents may compete with pathogens for nutrients and space to delay or prevent decay of fruits after harvest. These mechanisms of biological control have been difficult to study because no method has been available to determine the significance of each of the components of competition. We developed a nondestructive method using tissue culture plates with cylinder inserts containing defusing membrane at one end to study competition for nutrients without competition for space. Other biocontrol mechanisms in which direct contact between an antagonist and a pathogen is not required also can be studied. The method was used to determine the competition between the yeastlike biocontrol agent, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Penicillium expansum for limited nutrients in apple juice during 24 h incubation, simulating a fruit wound. The antagonist depleted amino acids and inhibited germination of P. expansum conidia. Exposing these conidia to fresh apple juice increased conidial germination to the level comparable to that exhibited by conidia which were not exposed to the antagonist. Because the culture plate method was nondestructive, follow-up experiments in an agar diffusion test were conducted. Juice in which the antagonist grew did not inhibit germination of P. expansum conidia that were seeded on the plates. This corroborates findings from the culture plate method that inhibition of the conidia germination resulted from competition for nutrients. The new method can be coupled with existing techniques to improve understanding of antagonist-pathogen interaction for biological control of postharvest diseases. JF - Phytopathology AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Tworkoski, T J AU - Sharer, C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, wjanisie@afrs.srs.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 1196 EP - 1200 VL - 90 IS - 11 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - mechanisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Fruits KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Competition KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17742139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Characterizing+the+Mechanism+of+Biological+Control+of+Postharvest+Diseases+on+Fruits+with+a+Simple+Method+to+Study+Competition+for+Nutrients&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BTworkoski%2C+T+J%3BSharer%2C+C&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Post-harvest decay; Biological control; Fruits; Competition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bryophytes as experimental models for the study of environmental stress tolerance: Tortula ruralis and desiccation-tolerance in mosses AN - 17741916; 4808946 AB - The development of a complete understanding of how plants interact with the environment at the cellular level is a crucial step in advancing our ability to unravel the complexities of plant ecology particularly with regard to the role that many of the less complex plants (i.e., algae, lichens, and bryophytes) play in plant communities and in establishing areas for colonization by their more complex brothers. One of the main barriers to the advancement of this area of plant biology has been the paucity of simple and appropriate experimental models that would enable the researcher to biochemically and genetically dissect the response of less complex plants to environmental stress. A number of bryophytes model systems have been developed and they have been powerful experimental tools for the elucidation of complex biological processes in plants. Recently there has been a resurgent interest in bryophytes as models systems due to the discovery and development of homologous recombination technologies in the moss Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Brach & Schimp. In this report we introduce the desiccation-tolerant moss Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) Gaert., Meyer, and Scherb, as a model for stress tolerance mechanisms that offers a great deal of promise for advancing our efforts to understand how plants respond to and survive the severest of stressful environments. T. ruralis, a species native to Northern and Western North America, has been the most intensely studied of all bryophytes with respect to its physiological, biochemical, and cellular responses, to the severest of water stresses, desiccation. It is our hope that the research conducted using this bryophyte will lay the foundation for not only the ecology of bryophytes and other less complex plants but also for the role of desiccation-tolerance in the evolution of land plants and the determination of mechanisms by which plant cells can withstand environmental insults. We will focus the discussion on the research we and others have conducted in an effort to understand the ability of T. ruralis to withstand the complete loss of free water from the protoplasm of its cells. JF - Plant Ecology AU - Oliver, MJ AU - Velten, J AU - Wood, A J AD - Plant Stress and Water Conservation Unit, USDA-ARS, Lubbock TX, USA, moliver@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 73 EP - 84 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 151 IS - 1 SN - 1385-0237, 1385-0237 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Stress KW - Desiccation KW - Tortula ruralis KW - D 04630:Bryophytes/pteridophytes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17741916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Ecology&rft.atitle=Bryophytes+as+experimental+models+for+the+study+of+environmental+stress+tolerance%3A+Tortula+ruralis+and+desiccation-tolerance+in+mosses&rft.au=Oliver%2C+MJ%3BVelten%2C+J%3BWood%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Ecology&rft.issn=13850237&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tortula ruralis; Stress; Desiccation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury Contamination of Fish and Exposures of an Indigenous Community in Para State, Brazil AN - 17739945; 4797187 AB - Fish consumption is an important source of protein among indigenous communities in Amazonian Brazil. Exposures to mercury via fish were studied in an indigenous community of the Munduruku reserve, located in the Tapajos River basin in the state of Para, one of the oldest and most productive gold mining areas in the Amazon region. This study summarizes the results of mercury (Hg) analyses of fish consumed by inhabitants of the Munduruku settlement of Sai Cinza. The most frequently consumed fish, reported by 330 persons interviewed for this study, were tucunare, pacu, jaraqui, traira, aracu, matrincha, and caratinga. The mean mercury concentration in carnivorous fish was 0.297 mu g[sdot]g super(-1) while in noncarnivorous fish mean mercury concentration was 0.095 mu g[sdot]g super(-1). Only in caratinga was there a significant relationship between fish size, weight, and mercury levels. Levels of methylmercury in the tucunare averaged 0.170 mu g[sdot]g super(-1), while in traira the mean level of methylmercury was 0.212 mu g[sdot]g super(-1). Although the levels of Hg in fish consumed by the Sai Cinza community are below the Brazilian limit value for consumption, the high rates and amounts of fish consumed by this population are relevant to evaluating risks of mercury contamination for communities with limited food resources. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. JF - Environmental Research AU - Da Silva Brabo, E AU - De Oliveira Santos, E AU - Maura de Jesus, I AU - Fernando Silva Mascarenhas, A AU - De Freitas Faial, K AD - Coordenacao de Ecologia Humana e Meio Ambiente, MS/FNS/Instituto Evandro Chagas, Av. Almirante Barroso, 492, Bairro: Marco, Belem, CEP.66090-000, Brazil Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 197 EP - 203 PB - Academic Press VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Brazil, Para KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Heavy metals KW - Freshwater KW - Public health KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Mercury KW - Seafood KW - Mining KW - Toxicology KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17739945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Mercury+Contamination+of+Fish+and+Exposures+of+an+Indigenous+Community+in+Para+State%2C+Brazil&rft.au=Da+Silva+Brabo%2C+E%3BDe+Oliveira+Santos%2C+E%3BMaura+de+Jesus%2C+I%3BFernando+Silva+Mascarenhas%2C+A%3BDe+Freitas+Faial%2C+K&rft.aulast=Da+Silva+Brabo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fenrs.2000.4114 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Mercury; Mining; Seafood; Toxicology; Public health; Heavy metals; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enrs.2000.4114 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The evolution of vegetative desiccation tolerance in land plants AN - 17736579; 4808947 AB - Vegetative desiccation tolerance is a widespread but uncommon occurrence in the plant kingdom generally. The majority of vegetative desiccation-tolerant plants are found in the less complex clades that constitute the algae, lichens and bryophytes. However, within the larger and more complex groups of vascular land plants there are some 60 to 70 species of ferns and fern allies, and approximately 60 species of angiosperms that exhibit some degree of vegetative desiccation tolerance. In this report we analyze the evidence for the differing mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in different plants, including differences in cellular protection and cellular repair, and couple this evidence with a phylogenetic framework to generate a working hypothesis as to the evolution of desiccation tolerance in land plants. We hypothesize that the initial evolution of vegetative desiccation tolerance was a crucial step in the colonization of the land by primitive plants from an origin in fresh water. The primitive mechanism of tolerance probably involved constitutive cellular protection coupled with active cellular repair, similar to that described for modern-day desiccation-tolerant bryophytes. As plant species evolved, vegetative desiccation tolerance was lost as increased growth rates, structural and morphological complexity, and mechanisms that conserve water within the plant and maintain efficient carbon fixation were selected for. Genes that had evolved for cellular protection and repair were, in all likelihood, recruited for different but related processes such as response to water stress and the desiccation tolerance of reproductive propagules. We thus hypothesize that the mechanism of desiccation tolerance exhibited in seeds, a developmentally induced cellular protection system, evolved from the primitive form of vegetative desiccation tolerance. Once established in seeds, this system became available for induction in vegetative tissues by environmental cues related to drying. The more recent, modified vegetative desiccation tolerance mechanism in angiosperms evolved from that programmed into seed development as species spread into very arid environments. Most recently, certain desiccation-tolerant monocots evolved the strategy of poikilochlorophylly to survive and compete in marginal habitats with variability in water availability. JF - Plant Ecology AU - Oliver, MJ AU - Tuba, Z AU - Mishler, B D AD - Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock TX, USA, moliver@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 85 EP - 100 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 151 IS - 1 SN - 1385-0237, 1385-0237 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Adaptations KW - Desiccation KW - Evolution KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17736579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+evolution+of+vegetative+desiccation+tolerance+in+land+plants&rft.au=Oliver%2C+MJ%3BTuba%2C+Z%3BMishler%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Ecology&rft.issn=13850237&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Evolution; Desiccation; Adaptations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Genetic Structure of Phytophthora infestans from Tomato and Potato in the Del Fuerte Valley AN - 17733293; 4805177 AB - The temporal and spatial patterns of Phytophthora infestans population genetic structure were analyzed in the Del Fuerte Valley, Sinaloa, Mexico, during the crop seasons of 1994 to 1995, 1995 to 1996, and 1996 to 1997 by geographical information systems. Isolates of P. infestans were obtained from infected tissue of tomato and potato collected from two areas: (i) where both potatoes and tomatoes are grown, and (ii) where only tomatoes are grown. The isolates were characterized by mating type, allozymes at the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase loci, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) fingerprint with probe RG57, metalaxyl sensitivity, and aggressiveness to tomato and potato. The results suggest presence of an asexual population with frequent immigrations from outside the valley. There was a shift of mating type in the population from predominantly A2 to completely A1 in this period. The co-occurrence of mating types was restricted to very few fields in the area around Los Mochis where tomato and potato crops are grown. Genotype variation based on allozyme analysis and mating type was low with only one genotype affecting both crops each year. The genotypes affecting both crops were the only genotypes highly aggressive to both tomato and potato in laboratory aggressiveness tests and the only genotypes widespread on both the tomato and potato crops in the valley each year. These predominant genotypes were highly resistant to the fungicide metalaxyl. Data on metalaxyl sensitivity indicate that allozyme analysis can discriminate between sensitive and resistant isolates in the Del Fuerte Valley. RFLP analysis with the probe RG57 gives further discrimination of genotypes within an allozyme genotype. In the 1995 to 1996 season, four different RFLP genotypes were found within an allozyme genotype. However, there were five other dilocus allozyme genotypes that could not be further split by RFLP analysis in 1995 to 1996 and 1996 to 1997 seasons. Spatial analysis of genotypes suggests that each season individual fields near Los Mochis became infected with one or more genotypes, but only a single genotype, aggressive on both potato and tomato, occurred south and east to the Guasave area. JF - Phytopathology AU - Jaime-Garcia, R AU - Trinidad-Correa, R AU - Felix-Gastelum, R AU - Orum, T V AU - Wasmann, C C AU - Nelson, M R AD - Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, rjaime@srre.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 1188 EP - 1195 VL - 90 IS - 11 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - tomato KW - Mexico KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plant diseases KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Temporal variations KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Spatial heterogeneity KW - Genetic structure KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17733293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Temporal+and+Spatial+Patterns+of+Genetic+Structure+of+Phytophthora+infestans+from+Tomato+and+Potato+in+the+Del+Fuerte+Valley&rft.au=Jaime-Garcia%2C+R%3BTrinidad-Correa%2C+R%3BFelix-Gastelum%2C+R%3BOrum%2C+T+V%3BWasmann%2C+C+C%3BNelson%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Jaime-Garcia&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Solanum tuberosum; Phytophthora infestans; Plant diseases; Genetic structure; Temporal variations; Spatial heterogeneity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A century of plant virus management in the Salinas Valley of California, 'East of Eden' AN - 17730805; 4806689 AB - The mild climate of the Salinas Valley, CA lends itself well to a diverse agricultural industry. However, the diversity of weeds, crops and insect and fungal vectors also provide favorable conditions for plant virus disease development. This paper considers the incidence and management of several plant viruses that have caused serious epidemics and been significant in the agricultural development of the Salinas Valley during the 20th century. Beet curly top virus (BCTV) almost destroyed the newly established sugarbeet industry soon after its establishment in the 1870s. A combination of resistant varieties, cultural management of beet crops to provide early plant emergence and development, and a highly coordinated beet leafhopper vector scouting and spray programme have achieved adequate control of BCTV. These programmes were first developed by the USDA and still operate. Lettuce mosaic virus was first recognized as causing a serious disease of lettuce crops in the 1930s. The virus is still a threat but it is controlled by a lettuce-free period in December and a seed certification programme that allows only seed lots with less than one infected seed in 30000 to be grown. 'Virus Yellows' is a term used to describe a complex of yellows inducing viruses which affect mainly sugarbeet and lettuce. These viruses include Beet yellows virus and Beet western yellows virus. During the 1950s, the complex caused significant yield losses to susceptible crops in the Salinas Valley. A beet-free period was introduced and is still used for control. The fungus-borne rhizomania disease of sugarbeet caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus was first detected in Salinas Valley in 1983. Assumed to have been introduced from Europe, this virus has now become widespread in California wherever beets are grown and crop losses can be as high as 100%. Movement of infested soil and beets accounts for its spread throughout the beet-growing regions of the United States. Control of rhizomania involves several cultural practices, but the use of resistant varieties is the most effective and is necessary where soils are infested. Rhizomania-resistant varieties are now available that perform almost as well as the non-resistant varieties under non-rhizomania conditions. Another soil-borne disease termed lettuce dieback, caused by a tomato bushy stunt-like tombusvirus, has become economically limiting to romaine and leaf lettuce varieties. The virus has no known vector and it seems to be moved through infested soil and water. Heavy rains in the past 4 years have caused flooding of the Salinas River and lettuce fields along the river have been affected severely by dieback. Studies are now in progress to characterize this new virus and identify sources of resistance. Agriculture in the Salinas Valley continues to grow and diversify, driven by demands for 'clean', high quality food by the American public and for export. The major aspects of plant virus control, including crop-free periods, breeding for resistance, elimination of inoculum sources, and vector control will continue to be vital to this expansion. Undoubtedly, the advances in crop production through genetic manipulation and advances in pest management through biological control will eventually become an important part of agricultural improvement. JF - Virus Research AU - Wisler, G C AU - Duffus, JE AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 E Alisal Street, 93905 Salinas, CA USA Y1 - 2000/11/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Nov 01 SP - 161 EP - 169 PB - Elsevier VL - 71 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1702, 0168-1702 KW - USA, California, Salinas Valley KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - Disease control KW - Lettuce mosaic virus KW - Tombusvirus KW - Beet western yellows virus KW - Beet yellows virus KW - Reviews KW - Beet necrotic yellow vein virus KW - Plant viruses KW - V 22187:Control & treatment KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17730805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virus+Research&rft.atitle=A+century+of+plant+virus+management+in+the+Salinas+Valley+of+California%2C+%27East+of+Eden%27&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BDuffus%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virus+Research&rft.issn=01681702&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1702%2800%2900196-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tombusvirus; Beet necrotic yellow vein virus; Beet yellows virus; Beet western yellows virus; Lettuce mosaic virus; Disease control; Plant diseases; Plant viruses; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1702(00)00196-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil quality standards and guidelines for forest sustainability in northwestern North America AN - 17694961; 4781650 AB - Soil quality standards and guidelines of the USDA Forest Service were some of the first in the world to be developed to evaluate changes in forest soil productivity and sustainability after harvesting and site preparation. International and national development of criteria and indicators for maintenance of soil productivity make it imperative to have adequate threshold variables within the USDA Forest Service. In the Pacific Northwest, soils range from fine-textured Andisols to coarse-textured skeletal Inceptisols. Forest types encompass the highly productive coastal rain forest to marginally productive, dry, cold sites in the interior mountains. Constant values to detect detrimental disturbances within the soil quality guidelines are routinely applied across diverse soils and timber types and include diagnostic criteria for evaluating management-caused changes to soil productivity. Research information from short- or long-term research studies supporting the applicability of disturbance criteria is often lacking, or is available from a limited number of sites which have relatively narrow climatic and soil ranges. In this paper we calculated changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, erosion, and cation exchange capacity using threshold variables from the Regional USDA Forest Service Soil Guidelines to assess their applicability across diverse landscapes. Soils were selected from a climatic and elevational gradient in the Pacific Northwest. Application of selected USDA Forest Service standards indicate that blanket threshold variables applied over disparate soils do not adequately account for nutrient distribution within the profile or forest floor depth. These types of guidelines should be continually refined to reflect pre-disturbance conditions and site-specific information. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Page-Dumroese, D AU - Jurgensen, M AU - Elliot, W AU - Rice, T AU - Nesser, J AU - Collins, T AU - Meurisse, R AD - USDA Forest Service, 83843 Moscow, ID USA Y1 - 2000/11/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Nov 01 SP - 445 EP - 462 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 138 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Sustainable development KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17694961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Soil+quality+standards+and+guidelines+for+forest+sustainability+in+northwestern+North+America&rft.au=Page-Dumroese%2C+D%3BJurgensen%2C+M%3BElliot%2C+W%3BRice%2C+T%3BNesser%2C+J%3BCollins%2C+T%3BMeurisse%2C+R&rft.aulast=Page-Dumroese&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2800%2900430-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00430-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil properties important to the restoration of a Shasta red fir barrens in the Siskiyou Mountains AN - 17693479; 4781648 AB - Because of past major disturbances, the highly erodible, granitic soil in a Shasta red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr. Var. shastensis) barrens located in McDonald basin on the north side of the Siskiyou Mountains crest is a major contributor of sediment to the aquatic system. Soil erosion is accelerated where vegetation is sparse and colonization slow, therefore, it is important that native plant cover be restored and the site rehabilitated. We examined soil properties that may be associated with vegetation patterns in the barrens and adjacent Shasta red fir forest and would have application to restoring native plant diversity and cover to the barrens. At a 40 ha study area we investigated plant available nutrients, soil C, microbial biomass, and enzymes involved in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling in barrens and forest soils to determine if loss of the organic layer by erosion affected soil chemistry and microbiology. Twelve samples each were collected from 0 to 10 cm soil depth in forest and barrens and analyzed for C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, B, Zn, Mo, and Al; microbial biomass, and dehydrogenase, urease, and acid phosphatase activity. Soils supporting forest vegetation contained higher concentrations of C, N, K, Ca, and Mg, indicating differences between forest and barrens in important soil chemical properties. Ca and Mg were extremely low in the barrens soil suggesting loss of these nutrients by erosion where there is a lack of vegetation cover. Soil organic matter was higher in forest than in barrens soil and was positively correlated with soil N (r super(2)=0.78), dehydrogenase (r super(2)=0.65) and acid phosphatase activity (r super(2)=0.50). Although microbial biomass was extremely low, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity were sensitive indicators of differences in organic matter and microbial activity between forest and barrens soil. The study indicates that certain soil chemical and biological properties may be useful in monitoring ecological change and helpful in understanding vegetation patterns. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Vance, N C AU - Entry, JA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, 97331 Corvallis, OR USA Y1 - 2000/11/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Nov 01 SP - 427 EP - 434 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 138 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - barrens KW - Shasta red fir KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Abies magnifica shastensis KW - Soil properties KW - Environmental restoration KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17693479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Soil+properties+important+to+the+restoration+of+a+Shasta+red+fir+barrens+in+the+Siskiyou+Mountains&rft.au=Vance%2C+N+C%3BEntry%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Vance&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Abies magnifica shastensis; Forest management; Soil properties; Environmental restoration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of harvesting and atmospheric pollution on nutrient depletion of eastern US hardwood forests AN - 17689856; 4781641 AB - The eastern hardwood forests of the US may be threatened by the changing atmospheric chemistry and by changes in harvesting levels. Many studies have documented accelerated base cation losses with intensive forest harvesting. Acidic deposition can also alter nutrient cycling in these forests. The combination of increased harvesting, shorter rotations, and more intensive harvesting, along with the potential for N and S saturation due to changing atmospheric chemistry in the eastern US, raises concerns about the long-term productivity of these commercially important eastern hardwood forests. We review the literature describing the effects of intensive harvesting and acidic atmospheric deposition on budgets of base nutrients which presents evidence that the ambient levels of N and S deposition are leading to N and S saturation and elevated base leaching from the soil in some eastern forests, and we discuss potential concerns for long-term productivity. We also discuss criteria and indicators for monitoring sustainability of the soils of these forests. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Adams, M B AU - Burger, JA AU - Jenkins, AB AU - Zelazny, L AD - USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 404, 26287 Parsons, WV USA Y1 - 2000/11/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Nov 01 SP - 301 EP - 319 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 138 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA KW - USA, Eastern KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Forests KW - Hardwoods KW - Air pollution KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17689856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Impact+of+harvesting+and+atmospheric+pollution+on+nutrient+depletion+of+eastern+US+hardwood+forests&rft.au=Adams%2C+M+B%3BBurger%2C+JA%3BJenkins%2C+AB%3BZelazny%2C+L&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nutrient concentrations; Forests; Air pollution; Atmospheric chemistry; Hardwoods; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction in inflammation following blockade of CD18 or CD29 adhesive pathways during the acute phase of a spirochetal-induced colitis in mice AN - 17683654; 4772083 AB - Colitis develops in mice infected with Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae. Numerous granulocytes (PMNs) are evident in cecal tissue sections 24-48 h post-infection. The role of PMNs was assessed by utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for CD18 or CD29 to block PMN recruitment. Macroscopic lesions were less severe in mice treated with either monoclonal antibody compared to lesions observed in isotype control-treated mice. While these monoclonal antibodies may inhibit extravasation of other leukocytes, the central role of PMNs was further demonstrated in that colitis was reduced following neutrophil depletion. There was less edema and epithelial erosions in ceca of mice receiving anti-Ly6G, -CD18 or -CD29 monoclonal antibody compared to mice receiving the control. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in PMN infiltration in tissues of mice treated with anti-CD18. The reduction in infiltrating PMNs did not result from downregulation of neutrophil chemoattractant MIP-2 expression in anti-CD18-treated mice. In contrast, PMN recruitment into the cecum was apparently CD29-independent. It is noteworthy that the number of PMNs observed in anti-CD18-treated mice was significantly higher than observed in non-infected mice. The data provide evidence for a threshold number of PMNs necessary for lesion development and indicate that CD18, but not CD29, adhesive pathways are crucial for PMN recruitment in bacterial colitis. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Sacco, R E AU - Hutto, D L AU - Waters, R W AU - Xiasong, L AU - Kehrli, ME AU - Zuckermann, F A AU - Wannemuehler, MJ AD - Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, U.S.A., rsacco@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 289 EP - 299 PB - Academic Press VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - mice KW - CD18 antigen KW - CD29 antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Leukocytes (granulocytic) KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Brachyspira hyodysenteriae KW - Colitis KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17683654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Reduction+in+inflammation+following+blockade+of+CD18+or+CD29+adhesive+pathways+during+the+acute+phase+of+a+spirochetal-induced+colitis+in+mice&rft.au=Sacco%2C+R+E%3BHutto%2C+D+L%3BWaters%2C+R+W%3BXiasong%2C+L%3BKehrli%2C+ME%3BZuckermann%2C+F+A%3BWannemuehler%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Sacco&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brachyspira hyodysenteriae; Colitis; Monoclonal antibodies; Leukocytes (granulocytic) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land Tenure and the Adoption of Conservation Practices AN - 1038596465; 17020454 AB - We use a logit adoption model with data on 941 U.S. corn producers from the 1996 Agricultural Resource Management Study to analyze the influence of land tenure on the adoption of conservation practices. We extend previous analyses by distinguishing renters according to lease type and by distinguishing practices according to the timing of costs and returns. We find that cash-renters are less likely than owner-operators to use conservation tillage, but share-renters are not. Both cash-renters and share-renters are less likely than owner-operators to adopt practices that provide benefits only over the longer term (grassed waterways, stripcropping, and contour farming). JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Soule, Meredith J AU - Tegene, Abebayehu AU - Wiebe, Keith D AD - Resource Economics Division of USDA's Economic Research Service Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 993 EP - 1005 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Agricultural resources KW - USA KW - Conservation KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3:1010 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038596465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Land+Tenure+and+the+Adoption+of+Conservation+Practices&rft.au=Soule%2C+Meredith+J%3BTegene%2C+Abebayehu%3BWiebe%2C+Keith+D&rft.aulast=Soule&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F0002-9092.00097 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conservation; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00097 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resource management domains: a biophysical unit for assessing and monitoring land quality AN - 17713734; 4785959 AB - With the advent of information technology there is a renewed interest to define and identify homogenous food production systems. International donor agencies, such as the World Bank and the US Agency for International Development, are especially interested in public/private partnerships to develop and integrate information including the socio-economic/cultural contexts of farm systems to improve knowledge about food systems, nationally to globally. The International Agricultural Research Centers, non-government organizations and national institutions require a spatial-temporal-hierarchical information system describing farm systems and communities from the `nation to the farm'. Agri-business requires methods to evaluate the performance of crop systems in varied environments in countries and/or around the world. As the society is stratified by different information needs, decisions must be made about the units of study and the hierarchy of information integration. The proposed hierarchy, developed on the tenets of hierarchy theory, implies that optimization of biodiversity, ecosystem health and integrity, commodity production, or maintaining soil quality, are each articulated based on the objectives that apply to the planning area. Management goals, therefore, determine the planning area to be defined, the goods and services, and the desired conditions of the ecosystem. Defined biophysical units, such as resource management domains (RMDs), serve as a common denominator for synthesis of information which could be shared by a range of disciplines, such as hydrology, geomorphology, pedology, crop science, economics, sociology, land-use planning, and production technology. In this approach, system dynamics or temporal variations are de-emphasized with the assumption that each RMD has attained an equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium within the planning horizon of the society. This is due to the practical purpose for which land resource assessments are generally made. However, if time periods of 50 or more years are considered, the concept must be refined. The latter approach is required for assessments of forest ecosystems. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Eswaran, H AU - Beinroth, F H AU - Virmani, S M AD - USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington DC, USA Y1 - 2000/10/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 31 SP - 155 EP - 162 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Agricultural practices KW - Resource management KW - Food KW - Land use KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17713734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Resource+management+domains%3A+a+biophysical+unit+for+assessing+and+monitoring+land+quality&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+H%3BBeinroth%2C+F+H%3BVirmani%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-10-31&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-8809%2800%2900189-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land use; Agriculture; Resource management; Food; Agricultural practices DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00189-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MHC class II-restricted, CD4 super(+) T-cell proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Mycobacterium bovis-infected white-tailed deer AN - 17632794; 4781674 AB - White-tailed deer are significant wildlife reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis for cattle, predators, and, potentially, humans. Infection of cattle with M. bovis stimulates an antigen-specific T-cell response, with both CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(+) cells implicated in protective immunity. Few studies, however, have examined lymphocyte subset responses to experimental M. bovis infection of white-tailed deer. In this study, a flow cytometric proliferation assay was used to determine the relative contribution of individual peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets of M. bovis-infected white-tailed deer in the recall response to M. bovis antigen. Naive deer were challenged with M. bovis by cohabitation with infected deer. These M. bovis-challenged deer developed significant in vivo (delayed-type hypersensitivity) and in vitro (proliferative) responses to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD). At necropsy, typical tuberculous lesions containing M. bovis were detected within lungs and lung-associated lymph nodes of infected deer. The predominant subset of lymphocytes that proliferated in response to in vitro stimulation with PPD was the CD4 super(+) subset. Minimal proliferative responses were detected from CD8 super(+), gamma delta TCR super(+), and B-cells. Addition of monoclonal antibodies specific for MHC II antigens, but not MHC I or CD1 antigens, abrogated the proliferative response. Together, these findings indicate that while CD4 super(+) cells from infected deer proliferate in the recall response to M. bovis antigens, this response is not sufficient to clear M. bovis and immunologic intervention may require stimulation of alternate subsets of lymphocytes. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Waters, W R AU - Palmer, M V AU - Pesch, BA AU - Olsen, S C AU - Wannemuehler, MJ AU - Whipple, D L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, P.O. Box 70, 50010-0070 Ames, IA USA Y1 - 2000/10/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 31 SP - 215 EP - 229 PB - Elsevier VL - 76 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - deer KW - immunology KW - CD4 antigen KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Wildlife KW - Major histocompatibility complex KW - peripheral blood mononuclear cells KW - Lymph nodes KW - Antigens KW - Lung KW - Disease reservoirs KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Tuberculin KW - Cell proliferation KW - J 02862:Infection KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17632794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=MHC+class+II-restricted%2C+CD4+super%28%2B%29+T-cell+proliferative+responses+of+peripheral+blood+mononuclear+cells+from+Mycobacterium+bovis-infected+white-tailed+deer&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BPesch%2C+BA%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BWannemuehler%2C+MJ%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-10-31&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0165-2427%2800%2900212-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Major histocompatibility complex; Lymphocytes T; Cell proliferation; peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Wildlife; Disease reservoirs; Antigens; Tuberculin; Lung; Lymph nodes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00212-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A ten-year water balance of a mountainous semi-arid watershed AN - 17731794; 4796825 AB - Quantifying water balance components, which is particularly challenging in snow-fed, semi-arid regions, is crucial to understanding the basic hydrology of a watershed. In this study, a water balance was computed using 10 years of data collected at the Upper Sheep Creek Watershed, a 26-ha semi-arid mountainous sub-basin within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwest Idaho, USA. The approach computed a partial water balance for each of three landscape units and then computed an aggregated water balance for the watershed. Runoff and change in ground water storage were not distinguishable between landscape units. Precipitation, which occurs predominantly as snow, was measured within each landscape unit directly and adjusted for drifting. Spatial variability of effective precipitation was shown to be greater during years with higher precipitation. Evapotranspiration, which accounted for nearly 90% of the effective precipitation, was estimated using the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) Model and validated with measurements from Bowen ratio instruments. Runoff from the watershed was correlated to precipitation above a critical threshold of approximately 450 mm of precipitation necessary to generate runoff (r super(2) = 0.52). The average water balance error was 46 mm, or approximately 10% of the estimated effective precipitation for the ten-year period. The error was largely attributed to deep percolation losses through fractures in the basalt underlying the watershed. Simulated percolation of the water beyond the root zone correlated extremely well with measured runoff (r super(2) = 0.90), which is derived almost entirely from subsurface flow. Above a threshold of 50 mm, approximately 67% of the water percolating beyond the root zone produces runoff. The remainder was assumed to be lost to deep percolation through the basalt. This can have important ramifications in addressing subsurface flow and losses when applying a snowmelt runoff model to simulate runoff and hydrologic processes in the watershed. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Flerchinger, G N AU - Cooley, K R AD - Northwest Watershed Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 800 Park Boulevard, Suite 105 Boise, ID 83712, USA, gflerchi@nwrc.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 2000/10/25/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 25 SP - 86 EP - 99 VL - 237 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USA, Idaho KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Precipitation (Atmospheric) KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Snow KW - Effective Precipitation KW - Hydrologic Budget KW - Watersheds KW - Water balance KW - Semiarid Lands KW - Hydrologic Data Collections KW - Surface-groundwater Relations KW - Catchment areas KW - Groundwater (see also Aquifers) KW - Groundwater KW - Rainfall/runoff relationship KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17731794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=A+ten-year+water+balance+of+a+mountainous+semi-arid+watershed&rft.au=Flerchinger%2C+G+N%3BCooley%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Flerchinger&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-10-25&rft.volume=237&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water balance; Precipitation (Atmospheric); Catchment areas; Groundwater (see also Aquifers); Rainfall/runoff relationship; Semiarid Lands; Surface-groundwater Relations; Hydrologic Data Collections; Snow; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Effective Precipitation; Hydrologic Budget; Groundwater; Watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Haemophilus somnus-induced IgE in calves vaccinated with commercial monovalent H. somnus bacterins AN - 17718515; 4787464 AB - The ability of commercially available Haemophilus somnus bacterins to elicit an immunoglobulin E (IgE) response was examined in healthy calves using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting techniques. Thirty five calves were utilized in this study. Calves in Group 1 (n = 7) did not receive any H. somnus vaccination and served as negative controls. Calves in each of Groups 2-5 (n = 7 each) were vaccinated on days 0 (primary) and 14 (booster) with one of four commercially available H. somnus bacterins. Sera were harvested on days 0 and 14 and at weekly intervals for a total of 45 days. Sera were tested for the presence of IgE antibodies using a bovine IgE-specific ELISA. Low levels of H. somnus-specific IgE were detected by ELISA in all animals prior to the initiation of the study. All bacterins induced IgE levels that were significantly higher than control levels. Two bacterins elicited higher IgE levels at all time points. Sera were adsorbed against washed whole cells of either Salmonella typhimurium, P. multocida, or H. somnus or extracts of H. somnus. ELISA absorbance values were significantly decreased by adsorption with washed whole cells or extracts of H. somnus, whereas adsorption with other gram-negative bacteria only minimally decreased ELISA absorbance values. These results indicate that commercially available H. somnus bacterins can induce IgE antibody as early as 14 days post-vaccination. This IgE can be detected 45 days after the primary vaccination. Results also indicate that H. somnus-specific IgE antibodies can be found in serum of some cattle, possibly induced by existing or previous sensitization. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Ruby, K W AU - Griffith, R W AU - Gershwin, L J AU - Kaeberle, M L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Center for Veterinary Biologics - Licensing and Policy Development, 510 S. 17th Street, Suite 104, Ames, IA 50010, USA, kevin.w.ruby@usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10/20/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 20 SP - 373 EP - 383 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacterins KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - Haemophilus somnus KW - Vaccines KW - Immune response (humoral) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17718515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Haemophilus+somnus-induced+IgE+in+calves+vaccinated+with+commercial+monovalent+H.+somnus+bacterins&rft.au=Ruby%2C+K+W%3BGriffith%2C+R+W%3BGershwin%2C+L+J%3BKaeberle%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Ruby&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-10-20&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haemophilus somnus; Bacterins; Vaccines; Immune response (humoral); Immunoglobulin E ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HspX is present within Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected macrophages and is recognized by sera from some infected cattle AN - 17718310; 4787462 AB - A portion of the gene encoding HspX has been previously identified as a sequence specific to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (hereafter referred to as M. paratuberculosis) based on DNA hybridization experiments. In this study, rabbit antisera were raised against a recombinant protein of HspX fused to the Escherichia coli maltose binding protein (MBP/HspX). Immunoblots of lysates of M. paratuberculosis-infected macrophages probed with the rabbit antisera showed that HspX was present within infected macrophages of bovine and murine origin. This observation was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy of infected macrophages. Lysates of E. coli expressing HspX without the MBP fusion partner were loaded onto preparative SDS-PAGE gels and used to determine whether infected cattle generated a humoral immune response to the antigen. Sera from four of 24 paratuberculous cows (17%) detected HspX. No reactivity was present in sera from control cows. While HspX may be immunogenic during infection in some cows, the protein is not secreted and it does not stimulate cell-mediated immunity. Collectively, these data give a preliminary characterization of the first described M. paratuberculosis protein identified within infected macrophages. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Bannantine, J P AU - Stabel, J R AD - National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA, jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10/20/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 20 SP - 343 EP - 358 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - HspX protein KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Macrophages KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - Immune response (humoral) KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17718310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=HspX+is+present+within+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis-infected+macrophages+and+is+recognized+by+sera+from+some+infected+cattle&rft.au=Bannantine%2C+J+P%3BStabel%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Bannantine&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-10-20&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Immune response (humoral); Macrophages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-resistance of a chlorpyrifos-methyl resistant strain of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) to fumigant toxicity of essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus globulus and its major monoterpene, 1,8-cineole. AN - 1841137950; 10880815 AB - The fumigant toxicities of eucalyptus essential oil and 1,8-cineole, the major component of eucalyptus oil, were tested against a chlorpyrifos-methyl resistant strain and a reference strain of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). The resistant strain showed 1.9- and 2.2-fold higher tolerance against essential oil and 1,8-cineole fumigation toxicity, respectively, relative to the susceptible strain. The increased tolerance for the essential oil may be the result of cross-resistance. The resistance mechanisms in the resistant strain are discussed in relation to elevated detoxifying enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and esterases. JF - Journal of stored products research AU - Lee AU - Choi AU - Park AD - Plant Protection Research Unit, WRRC, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan St, 94710, Albany, CA, USA Y1 - 2000/10/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 15 SP - 383 EP - 389 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0022-474X, 0022-474X UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1841137950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+stored+products+research&rft.atitle=Cross-resistance+of+a+chlorpyrifos-methyl+resistant+strain+of+Oryzaephilus+surinamensis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Cucujidae%29+to+fumigant+toxicity+of+essential+oil+extracted+from+Eucalyptus+globulus+and+its+major+monoterpene%2C+1%2C8-cineole.&rft.au=Lee%3BChoi%3BPark&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-10-15&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+stored+products+research&rft.issn=0022474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2000-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of spacing and thinning on stand and tree characteristics of 38-year-old Loblolly Pine AN - 17562200; 4753774 AB - The effects of early and continuous density control on the characteristics of mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were measured at age 38 and analyzed. Trees in plots planted at spacings of 1.8 x 1.8, 2.4 x 2.4, 2.7 x 2.7, 3.0 x 3.0, and 3.7 x 3.7 m were either left unthinned or thinned every 5 years beginning at age 18, to residual basal areas of 27.5, 23.0, 18.4, and 13.8 m super(2) ha super(-1). Trees thinned from plot buffer zones at age 38 were selected to represent a final harvest cross-section of each treatment for evaluation of bole form, component biomass, and crown architecture. Volume and biomass of cut trees from all thinnings were included with the age 38 data for stand level yield comparisons. Results show thinning effects were generally more pronounced than spacing effects. Trees of the same diameter at breast height and total height from heavily thinned stands had more cylindrical lower boles, more upper stem taper, longer crowns with more and larger branches, more total foliage, and hence more biomass than trees from unthinned or lightly thinned stands. All levels of thinning increased the yield of the stand in terms of foliage and branch biomass, while only light or moderate thinning increased bole biomass and volume yields. The magnitude of these differences are presented. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Baldwin, V C AU - Peterson, K D AU - Clark, A AU - Ferguson, R B AU - Strub, M R AU - Bower AD - USDA, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 2680, 28802 Asheville, NC USA Y1 - 2000/10/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 15 SP - 91 EP - 102 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 137 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Loblolly pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Pinus taeda KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17562200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+spacing+and+thinning+on+stand+and+tree+characteristics+of+38-year-old+Loblolly+Pine&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+V+C%3BPeterson%2C+K+D%3BClark%2C+A%3BFerguson%2C+R+B%3BStrub%2C+M+R%3BBower&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-10-15&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900340-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00340-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoring longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems: Hexazinone application enhances effects of prescribed fire AN - 17561987; 4753777 AB - A longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem in the sandhills of north central Florida, upon which turkey oak gained dominance following a wildfire, was treated with applications of hexazinone (1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha) in May 1991. All applications successfully reduced competition from oaks in the overstory and understory (mortality >80%), resulting in progressive increases in the foliar cover of wiregrass, all graminoids and forbs through time. Broadcast application caused a decline in forb cover and species richness during the initial growing season, which recovered by the following year. The 2.2 kg/ha spot application resulted in an increase in species richness, while evenness declined with the continuing expansion of wiregrass. The entire site was then burned in June 1995 by prescribed fire, which caused a widespread decrease in the cover of oaks, shrubs, wiregrass, all graminoids and forbs and plant species richness. In the following year, forb cover increased and oak cover remained significantly lower on plots treated with the combination of hexazinone plus fire than on fire-only plots. The overall cover of forbs, graminoids, shrubs and longleaf pines continued to increase through time. Broadcast application initially exposed a greater number of understory plants to direct contact with herbicide, posing a higher mortality risk than may be acceptable in restoration efforts. Although recovery occurred in subsequent years, the lower selectivity of broadcast application makes it a less suitable restoration technique. Spot application of hexazinone was more selective in its effects upon the plant community. The 2.2 kg/ha spot application produced increases in the cover of wiregrass, all graminoids and forbs and the highest levels of species richness and diversity. The 2.2 kg/ha application rate was also most effective in controlling woody plant competition and is therefore recommended for restoring longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems in sandhills and similar environments. Hexazinone application followed by prescribed fire accelerates the rate of ecosystem restoration over that achievable by using fire alone. The ecological benefits of controlling competition and rebalancing floristic composition rapidly achieved through this combination of treatments would likely require many cycles of prescribed fire, if used as an individual treatment, over a period of several decades. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brockway, D G AU - Outcalt, K W AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 520 Devall Drive, AL 36849 Auburn USA Y1 - 2000/10/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 15 SP - 121 EP - 138 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 137 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Longleaf pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Pinus palustris KW - Environmental restoration KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17561987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Restoring+longleaf+pine+wiregrass+ecosystems%3A+Hexazinone+application+enhances+effects+of+prescribed+fire&rft.au=Brockway%2C+D+G%3BOutcalt%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Brockway&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-10-15&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900321-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus palustris; Environmental restoration; Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00321-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 ferments ball-milled cellulose as fast as cellobiose until cellulose surface area is limiting AN - 17689308; 4770634 AB - Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 grew rapidly on cellobiose (0.31 h super(-1)) and the absolute rate of increase in fermentation acids was 0.68 h super(-1). Cultures that were provided with ball-milled cellulose initially produced fermentation acids and microbial protein as fast as those provided with cellobiose, but the absolute cellulose digestion rate eventually declined. If the inoculum size was increased, the kinetics decayed from first to zero order (with respect to cells) even sooner, but in each case the absolute rate declined after only 20 to 30% of the cellulose had been fermented. Congo red binding indicated that the cellulose surface area of individual cellulose particles was not decreasing, and the transition of ball-milled cellulose digestion corresponded with the appearance of unbound cells in the culture supernatant. When bound cells from partially digested cellulose were removed and the cellulose was re-incubated with a fresh inoculum, the initial absolute fermentation rate was as high as the one observed for undigested cellulose and cellobiose. Based on these results, cellulose digestion by F. succinogenes S85 appears to be constrained by cellulose surface area rather than cellulase activity per se. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Fields, M W AU - Mallik, S AU - Russell, J B AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, jbr8@cornell.edu Y1 - 2000/10/13/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 13 SP - 570 EP - 574 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Surface area KW - cellobiose KW - cellulose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Digestion KW - Fermentation KW - Fibrobacter succinogenes KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17689308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fibrobacter+succinogenes+S85+ferments+ball-milled+cellulose+as+fast+as+cellobiose+until+cellulose+surface+area+is+limiting&rft.au=Fields%2C+M+W%3BMallik%2C+S%3BRussell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-10-13&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=570&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibrobacter succinogenes; Fermentation; Digestion; Surface area ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental Streptococcus iniae infection of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by nares inoculation AN - 17610618; 4747296 AB - Streptococcus iniae infection was evaluated in hybrid striped bass and tilapia following experimental, bilateral inoculation of a virulent isolate of S. iniae onto their eyes or into their nares. Inoculation of eyes did not result in mortality or disease signs in either species. In contrast, mortality and disease signs were observed in both species following nares inoculation. Hybrid striped bass were susceptible to 4.8 x 10 super(3) S. iniae colony forming units (CFU), an inoculum 100 times lower than that affecting tilapia. We observed decreased mortality of hybrid striped bass administrated 4.8 x 10 super(5) CFU dose of S. iniae. Following S. iniae infection, the disease signs observed in hybrid striped bass and tilapia were erratic, serpentine, rising and falling, and head-up swimming, slow acceptance or refusal of food, lethargy and darkened skin. We did not observe exophthalmia, eye opacity or body curvature. We were able to recover S. iniae from either nares, eyes, brains, or head kidney of 87.5% and 66.7% of the morbid hybrid striped bass and tilapia, respectively. Both hybrid striped bass and tilapia produced significant anti-streptococcal titers 14 days post nares inoculation with 4.8 x 10 super(3) CFU of S. iniae. Successful experimental S. inaie infection of fish following nares inoculation suggest that nares may be a potential route of S. iniae infection in cultured fish species. This route of experimental infection for S. iniae has not been previously described in fish. JF - Aquaculture AU - Evans, J J AU - Shoemaker, CA AU - Klesius, PH AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, 300 Washington Ave., Chestertown, MD 21620 USA Y1 - 2000/10/02/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 02 SP - 197 EP - 210 PB - Elsevier VL - 189 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Experimental infection KW - Fish diseases KW - Rockfish KW - Striped bass KW - White bass KW - nares KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Eye KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Morone chrysops KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Disease resistance KW - Aetiology KW - Morone saxatilis KW - Infectious diseases KW - Hybrid culture KW - Hybrids KW - Streptococcus iniae KW - Disease detection KW - Fish culture KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - Eyes KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q4 27330:Fish culture KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17610618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Experimental+Streptococcus+iniae+infection+of+hybrid+striped+bass+%28Morone+chrysops+x+Morone+saxatilis%29+and+tilapia+%28Oreochromis+niloticus%29+by+nares+inoculation&rft.au=Evans%2C+J+J%3BShoemaker%2C+CA%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-10-02&rft.volume=189&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hybrid culture; Fish diseases; Infectious diseases; Pathogenic bacteria; Hybrids; Bacterial diseases; Disease resistance; Disease detection; Fish culture; Aetiology; Eyes; Experimental infection; Eye; Morone saxatilis; Morone chrysops; Streptococcus iniae; Oreochromis niloticus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extruded Cornstarch-Glycerol-Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends: Mechanical Properties, Morphology, and Biodegradability AN - 831185112; 13882564 AB - Elongation properties of extruded cornstarch were improved by blending with glycerol. Further blending of starch-glycerol with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) resulted in significant improvements in both tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break. Samples of starch-glycerol without PVOH equilibrated at 50% relative humidity had a TS of 1.8 MPa and elongation of 113%, whereas those containing PVOH had a TS and elongation of 4 MPa and 150%, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of starch-glycerol-PVOH blends showed that decreases in glass transition temperatures (T sub(g) values) were proportional to glycerol content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fractured surfaces revealed numerous cracks in starch-glycerol (80:20) samples. Cracks were absent in starch-glycerol (70:30) samples. In both blends, many starch granules were exposed at the surface. No exposed starch granules were visible in blends with added PVOH. Starch-glycerol samples incubated in compost lost up to 70% of their dry weight within 22 days. Addition of PVOH lowered both the rate and extent of biodegradation. JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment AU - Mao, Lijun AU - Imam, Syed AU - Gordon, Sherald AU - Cinelli, Patrizia AU - Chiellini, Emo AD - Plant Polymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, IMAMSH@MAIL.NCAUR.USDA.GOV Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 205 EP - 211 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1566-2543, 1566-2543 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Relative humidity KW - Granules KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Biodegradation KW - Composts KW - Fractures KW - Starch KW - Biodegradability KW - Polyvinyl alcohol KW - Elongation KW - Glycerol KW - alcohols KW - Tensile strength KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - A 01320:Microbial Degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831185112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Extruded+Cornstarch-Glycerol-Polyvinyl+Alcohol+Blends%3A+Mechanical+Properties%2C+Morphology%2C+and+Biodegradability&rft.au=Mao%2C+Lijun%3BImam%2C+Syed%3BGordon%2C+Sherald%3BCinelli%2C+Patrizia%3BChiellini%2C+Emo&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=Lijun&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15662543&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1015201928153 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Granules; Relative humidity; Temperature effects; Scanning electron microscopy; Biodegradation; Composts; Fractures; Starch; Biodegradability; Polyvinyl alcohol; Elongation; Glycerol; alcohols; Tensile strength; Mechanical properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015201928153 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in northern California to baiting with hexaflumuron with sentricon termite colony elimination system. AN - 72378342; 11057724 AB - Colonies of Reticulitermes spp. were baited with prototype and commercial Sentricon stations (Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN) to test the efficacy of hexaflumuron in different concentrations and bait matrices and to document reinvasion of the foraging territories vacated by eliminated colonies. Seven colonies of Reticuliternes spp. from two sites were characterized with cuticular hydrocarbon analyses and mark-release-recapture and agonistic behavioral studies. Three colonies were observed as controls and four colonies were baited. When a connection between the bait station and the monitoring station could not be confirmed by mark-release-recapture studies, the results of the baiting were equivocal. The monitoring stations of a colony at our wildland site were devoid of termites 406 d after baiting with one Sentricon station, but became reoccupied with the same species of termites approximately 6 mo after baiting. A colony at the residential site was baited with 0.5% hexaflumuron in the Recurit II bait matrix; 60 d later termites were absent from all monitoring stations. These monitoring stations remained unoccupied for > or = 18 mo. Foraging Reticulitermes spp. appeared in three of the seven monitoring stations 18, 24, and 36 mo after baiting, respectively. Using cuticular hydrocarbon analyses and agonistic behavior studies, we determined that the Reticulitermes spp. occupying these monitoring stations were from three different colonies; none were members of the original colony destroyed by baiting. Another colony at the residential site was baited using a noncommercial, experimental bait; 52 d later termites were absent from all monitoring stations. The monitoring stations remained unoccupied for > or = 9 mo. A different Reticulitermes sp. colony invaded one monitoring station 9 mo after baiting. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Getty, G M AU - Haverty, M I AU - Copren, K A AU - Lewis, V R AD - Forest Service, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA. Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 1498 EP - 1507 VL - 93 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Benzamides KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Juvenile Hormones KW - Phenylurea Compounds KW - hexafluoron KW - 86479-06-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Animals KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Isoptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72378342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Response+of+Reticulitermes+spp.+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29+in+northern+California+to+baiting+with+hexaflumuron+with+sentricon+termite+colony+elimination+system.&rft.au=Getty%2C+G+M%3BHaverty%2C+M+I%3BCopren%2C+K+A%3BLewis%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Getty&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1498&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-28 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring insect pests in retail stores by trapping and spatial analysis. AN - 72376162; 11057728 AB - Stored-product insects are a perennial problem in retail stores, where they damage and contaminate susceptible merchandise such as food products and animal feed. Historically, pest management in these stores has relied heavily on chemical insecticides, but environmental and health issues have dictated use of safer methods, and these require better monitoring. A monitoring procedure that employs an array of moth and beetle traps combined with spatial (contour) analysis of trap catch was tested in three department stores and two pet stores. The rate of capture increased with the level of infestation but was essentially constant over 4- to 5-d trapping periods. Contour analysis effectively located foci of infestation and reflected population changes produced by applications of the insect growth regulator (S)-hydroprene. The most abundant insects were Plodia interpunctella (Hiibner), Lasioderma serricorne (F.), Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and Cryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr). The results indicate that contour analysis of trap counts provides a useful monitoring tool for management of storage pests in retail stores. It identifies trouble spots and permits selection, timing, and precision targeting of control measures to achieve maximum pest suppression with minimum pesticide risk. It permits managers and pest control operators to visualize pest problems over an entire store, to monitor changes over time, and to evaluate the effectiveness of control intervention. The contour maps themselves, along with records of control applications and stock rotation, provide permanent documentation of pest problems and the effectiveness of pest management procedures. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Arbogast, R T AU - Kendra, P E AU - Mankin, R W AU - McGovern, J E AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, ARS-USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 1531 EP - 1542 VL - 93 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72376162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Monitoring+insect+pests+in+retail+stores+by+trapping+and+spatial+analysis.&rft.au=Arbogast%2C+R+T%3BKendra%2C+P+E%3BMankin%2C+R+W%3BMcGovern%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Arbogast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-28 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of an esterase conferring resistance to fenitrothion in Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (insecta, coleoptera, silvanidae). AN - 72373541; 11052767 AB - Esterases from a fenitrothion-resistant strain (VOSF) of the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), are presumed to play a role in conferring resistance to malathion, fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos-methyl. Colorimetric assays showed a significant positive correlation between increased resistance to fenitrothion in strains of O. surinamensis examined and elevated esterase hydrolytic activity to substrates of p-nitrophenyl acetate, alpha-naphthyl acetate, and beta-naphthyl acetate. Esterase zymograms showed different banding patterns between VOSF and an insecticide-susceptible strain, VOS48. A major esterase in the VOSF strain, not detected in VOS48, was purified and characterized by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. On the basis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis, the molecular mass of the purified esterase from VOSF was 130 kDa and consisted of two 65 kDa subunits. Additional properties of this enzyme are discussed. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Lee, S E AU - Lees, E M AU - Campbell, B C AD - Plant Protection Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 4991 EP - 4996 VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Fenitrothion KW - W8M4X3Y7ZY KW - Index Medicus KW - Isoenzymes -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Isoenzymes -- isolation & purification KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Kinetics KW - Molecular Weight KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Fenitrothion -- toxicity KW - Beetles -- enzymology KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Esterases -- isolation & purification KW - Esterases -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72373541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+an+esterase+conferring+resistance+to+fenitrothion+in+Oryzaephilus+surinamensis+%28L.%29+%28insecta%2C+coleoptera%2C+silvanidae%29.&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+E%3BLees%2C+E+M%3BCampbell%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for toxic larkspur (Delphinium spp.) alkaloids. AN - 72368571; 11052693 AB - Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisons thousands of cattle on western rangelands each year. Because poisoning does not cause specific lesions, and poisoned animals are rarely found before they die, definitively identifying poisoned animals is difficult. Additionally, toxin concentrations in larkspur plants vary with environment, plant, and location. Rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic techniques are needed to identify poisoned animals and to determine when and what plants are likely to poison livestock. In this study, three competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (CI-ELISA) for toxic larkspur alkaloids were developed. One assay is class-specific toward the N-(methylsuccinimido)anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL) alkaloids, and two assays are specific for individual alkaloids. The assay with the lowest limit of detection had an I(50) of 191 pg with a limit of detection of 30.5 pg for methyllycaconitine. Spike and recovery studies using bovine blood and brain tissue ranged from 52 to 89%. These findings suggest that with additional development these techniques are likely to be excellent tools for diagnosing poisoned animals and identifying highly toxic plants. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Lee, S T AU - Schoch, T K AU - Gardner, D R AU - Stegelmeier, B L AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. stlee@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 4520 EP - 4528 VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Haptens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Brain Chemistry KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Haptens -- analysis KW - Cross Reactions KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- analysis KW - Plants, Medicinal -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72368571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Development+of+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assays+for+toxic+larkspur+%28Delphinium+spp.%29+alkaloids.&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+T%3BSchoch%2C+T+K%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4520&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of pH on chemical stability and de-esterification of fenoxaprop-ethyl by purified enzymes, bacterial extracts, and soils. AN - 72368241; 11052722 AB - De-esterification is an initial step in the metabolism of certain herbicides, for example, fenoxaprop-ethyl [(+/-)-ethyl 2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxaolyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoate] (FE). The ethyl-ester bond cleavage of FE to fenoxaprop acid (FA) by purified enzymes, crude bacterial enzyme preparations, and soils was investigated. In similar experiments fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was used as an alternative substrate. FE stability was pH sensitive in acidic buffered solutions; that is, below pH 4.6, rapid nonenzymatic hydrolysis of the benzoxazolyl-oxy-phenoxy ether linkage occurred, forming 6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-benzoxazol-2-one (CDHB) and ethyl 4-hydroxyphenoxypropanoate or 4-hydroxyphenoxypropanoate. With porcine esterase and cell-free Pseudomonas fluorescens extracts, activity on FE and FDA was most rapid at pH 7.6-8.6 but decreased 80-90% at pH 5.6. Yeast (Candida cylindrica) lipase-mediated de-esterification of FE and FDA was not as sensitive to pH; that is, activity at pH 4.6 was 70% of that at pH 7.6. Short-term incubations (20 h) were conducted in eight soils (pH 4.5-6.9) treated with (14)C-chlorophenyl ring-labeled FE (2 mg kg(-)(1)). In the most acidic soils (pH 4.4-4.5) 25% of the (14)C was recovered as FA, versus 30-40% in moderately acid soils (pH 5.0-5.6) and 55% in neutral soils (pH 6.8-6.9). There was a similar correlation between soil pH and FDA de-esterification. CDHB was formed in all acidic soils with levels 4-fold greater in pH 4.4-4.5 soils than in pH 5. 0-5.6 soils. CDHB was not formed in neutral soils. Results demonstrate some chemical hydrolysis (benzoxazolyl-oxy-phenoxy ether linkage) of FE in acid soils, the sensitivity of enzymatic de-esterification of FE to pH, and the potential of FDA as a colorimetric indicator for esterase hydrolysis of FE. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Zablotowicz, R M AU - Hoagland, R E AU - Staddon, W J AU - Locke, M A AD - Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA. rzablotowicz@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 4711 EP - 4716 VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Enzymes KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Oxazoles KW - Propionates KW - Soil KW - fenoxaprop ethyl KW - 66441-23-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzymes -- chemistry KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Oxazoles -- chemistry KW - Propionates -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72368241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+pH+on+chemical+stability+and+de-esterification+of+fenoxaprop-ethyl+by+purified+enzymes%2C+bacterial+extracts%2C+and+soils.&rft.au=Zablotowicz%2C+R+M%3BHoagland%2C+R+E%3BStaddon%2C+W+J%3BLocke%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Zablotowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the annual fraction of eggs contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis in the United States. AN - 72329067; 11028959 AB - Using available data on the occurrence of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in US layer flocks and eggs, and a probabilistic scenario tree method, an estimate of the fraction of SE-contaminated eggs produced annually is derived with attendant uncertainty. In lieu of a definitive prevalence survey, the approach presented here provides insight to the relative contribution of various pathways leading to contaminated eggs. A Monte Carlo model with four branches is developed. The first branch predicts the proportion of all US flocks that are SE-affected. The second branch apportions SE-affected flocks into three categories (high, moderate, and low level affected flocks) based on population-adjusted epidemiologic data. The third branch predicts the proportion of affected flocks that are molted and producing eggs during a high risk period subsequent to molt. The fourth branch predicts the fraction of contaminated eggs produced by flocks of the type described by the pathway (e.g. high level affected flocks that are not molted) based on egg sampling evidence from naturally infected flocks. The model is simulated to account for uncertainty in the data used to estimate the branch probabilities. Correlation analysis is used to estimate the sensitivity of model output to various model inputs. The output of this model is an uncertainty distribution for the fraction of all eggs that are SE-contaminated during 1 year of production in the US. The expected value of this distribution is approximately one SE-affected egg in every 20,000 eggs annually produced, and the 90% certainty interval is between one SE-contaminated egg in 30,000 eggs, and one SE-contaminated egg in 12,000 eggs. The model estimates that an average of 14% of all eggs (i.e. contaminated and not contaminated) from affected flocks are produced by high level, non-molted affected flocks, but these flocks are estimated to account for more than two-thirds of the total fraction of contaminated eggs produced annually. Sensitivity analysis also suggests that the proportion of affected flocks that are high level flocks - and the egg contamination frequency for these types of flocks - are the most sensitive model inputs. The model's pathways provide a framework for evaluating interventions to reduce the number of contaminated eggs produced in the US. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis of the model identifies those inputs whose uncertainty is most influential on the model's output. Future farm-level research priorities can be established on the basis of this analysis, but public policy decisions require a fuller exposure assessment and dose-response analysis to account for microbial growth dynamics, meal preparation, and consumption demographics among US egg consumers. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Ebel, E AU - Schlosser, W AD - USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC, USA. eric.d.ebel@usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 01 SP - 51 EP - 62 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Risk Factors KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- growth & development KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72329067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+annual+fraction+of+eggs+contaminated+with+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Ebel%2C+E%3BSchlosser%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ebel&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes of soil and plant tissue selenium status in an upland grassland contaminated by selenium-rich agricultural drainage sediment after ten years transformed from a wetland habitat. AN - 72319611; 11023699 AB - A field survey was conducted in 1989, 1994, and 1999 in order to monitor the soil and vegetation Se concentrations at the Kesterson upland grassland contaminated by Se-rich drainage sediment. The rate of Se dissipation estimated by the change of soil Se concentration, via volatilization, found to be about 1.1% per year. Soil water-extractable Se increased in 1994, but greatly reduced in 1999. The increase of soil Se concentration in the top 15 cm of soil at the fresh-soil fill sites indicates that the plants were able to effectively take up the soluble soil Se from the lower soil profile and to deposit it on the top of the field. This process may reduce the rate of leaching of soil Se. Overall, the concentration of soil water-soluble Se was relatively low and it is unlikely that problems of transport of Se from the Kesterson soil to the adjacent uncontaminated environment by leaching can occur. Plant tissue Se concentration was found to coincide with the soil water-extractable Se concentration. The average plant tissue Se concentration and soil water-extractable Se detected in 1999 was about 10 microg Se g(-1) and 110 microg Se kg(-1) dry weight, respectively, and the estimated bioaccumulation value of this upland grassland is less than 10% of the previous wetland habitat. Therefore, the existing Kesterson grassland should not be at high risk to the environment. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Wu, L AU - Banuelos, G AU - Guo, X AD - Department of Environmental Horticulture, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Water Management Research Laboratory, University of California, 2021 S. Peach Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA. Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 201 EP - 209 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Industrial Waste KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Sulfates KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Sulfates -- chemistry KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Agriculture KW - Plants -- chemistry KW - Plants -- metabolism KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Poaceae -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Industrial Waste -- analysis KW - Poaceae -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72319611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Changes+of+soil+and+plant+tissue+selenium+status+in+an+upland+grassland+contaminated+by+selenium-rich+agricultural+drainage+sediment+after+ten+years+transformed+from+a+wetland+habitat.&rft.au=Wu%2C+L%3BBanuelos%2C+G%3BGuo%2C+X&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infant feeding: a critical look at infant formulas. AN - 72308973; 11021413 AB - Commercially available infant formulas serve as the best alternative to human milk when breastfeeding is not possible. Infant formulas are designed specifically to mimic the composition of human milk or the functional aspects of human milk feeding. This review highlights the issues related to the composition of infant formulas. The most hotly debated issue currently is whether to add long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to infant formulas. Other controversial topics include the safety and efficacy of soy-based protein formulas, protein quantity and quality as they relate to the infant's nutritional needs and feeding tolerance, and the replacement of lactose with other carbohydrate sources for specialized infant formulas. Recent modifications in the fat blend of infant formulas have led to improved fat digestibility. However, the full spectrum of benefits associated with the addition of nucleotides awaits further study. Modifications to infant formulas are made when the preponderance of scientific evidence suggests that the compositional change will better meet the nutritional needs of the infant. JF - Current opinion in pediatrics AU - Motil, K J AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston 77030, USA. kmotil@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 469 EP - 476 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 1040-8703, 1040-8703 KW - Fatty Acids, Unsaturated KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - Soybean Proteins KW - Arachidonic Acid KW - 27YG812J1I KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Lactose KW - J2B2A4N98G KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Aluminum -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Lactose -- adverse effects KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Aluminum -- analysis KW - Infant Food -- analysis KW - Fatty Acids, Unsaturated -- analysis KW - Soybean Proteins -- metabolism KW - Fatty Acids, Unsaturated -- administration & dosage KW - Digestion -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72308973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+pediatrics&rft.atitle=Infant+feeding%3A+a+critical+look+at+infant+formulas.&rft.au=Motil%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Motil&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+pediatrics&rft.issn=10408703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using High-Tech to Reduce Poverty and Regional Disparities AN - 60438161; 200212985 AB - Describes how new forms of high technology ("high-tech") could be applied to poverty alleviation efforts around the globe, particularly in developing countries. Technologies designed to increase agricultural productivity in terms of both land & crop outputs, preserve & protect natural resources, & foster economic development are reviewed, including computer information & knowledge technologies & the Internet, geographic information systems, & biotechnology. The problem of the "digital divide" between those who have access to computers & the Internet & those who do not is discussed, along with ways that governments can address it. 7 References. K. Hyatt Stewart JF - Regional Development Dialogue AU - Ou, Fong-Lieh AU - Stan, Wendy Wan Yan AD - USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 144 EP - 150 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0250-6505, 0250-6505 KW - Information Technology KW - Electronic Technology KW - High Technology Industries KW - Developing Countries KW - Adoption of Innovations KW - Technological Change KW - Internet KW - Antipoverty Programs KW - article KW - 0715: social change and economic development; social change & economic development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60438161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regional+Development+Dialogue&rft.atitle=Using+High-Tech+to+Reduce+Poverty+and+Regional+Disparities&rft.au=Ou%2C+Fong-Lieh%3BStan%2C+Wendy+Wan+Yan&rft.aulast=Ou&rft.aufirst=Fong-Lieh&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regional+Development+Dialogue&rft.issn=02506505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - RDEDE5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High Technology Industries; Internet; Electronic Technology; Antipoverty Programs; Developing Countries; Information Technology; Technological Change; Adoption of Innovations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphological characteristics of shrub coppice dunes in desert grasslands of southern New Mexico derived from scanning LIDAR AN - 52287117; 2001-003597 JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Rango, A AU - Chopping, M AU - Ritchie, J AU - Havstad, K AU - Kustas, W AU - Schmugge, T Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 26 EP - 44 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 74 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - United States KW - eolian features KW - dunes KW - laser methods KW - geophysical methods KW - radar methods KW - New Mexico KW - deserts KW - morphology KW - lidar methods KW - Jornada Basin KW - grasslands KW - climate effects KW - mesquite KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52287117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Morphological+characteristics+of+shrub+coppice+dunes+in+desert+grasslands+of+southern+New+Mexico+derived+from+scanning+LIDAR&rft.au=Rango%2C+A%3BChopping%2C+M%3BRitchie%2C+J%3BHavstad%2C+K%3BKustas%2C+W%3BSchmugge%2C+T&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00344257 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RSEEA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate effects; deserts; dunes; eolian features; geophysical methods; grasslands; Jornada Basin; laser methods; lidar methods; mesquite; morphology; New Mexico; radar methods; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The EOS prototype validation exercise (PROVE) at Jornada; overview and lessons learned AN - 52285637; 2001-003596 JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Privette, Jeffrey L AU - Asner, Gregory P AU - Conel, J AU - Huemmrich, K F AU - Olson, R AU - Rango, A AU - Rahman, A F AU - Thome, K AU - Walter-Shea, E A Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 74 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - United States KW - eolian features KW - North America KW - terrestrial environment KW - Earth Orbiting System KW - Jornada Range KW - arid environment KW - geophysical methods KW - Dona Ana County New Mexico KW - New Mexico KW - deserts KW - Chihuahuan Desert KW - Terra KW - Las Cruces New Mexico KW - EOS Prototype Validation Exercise KW - instruments KW - remote sensing KW - field studies KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52285637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=The+EOS+prototype+validation+exercise+%28PROVE%29+at+Jornada%3B+overview+and+lessons+learned&rft.au=Privette%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BAsner%2C+Gregory+P%3BConel%2C+J%3BHuemmrich%2C+K+F%3BOlson%2C+R%3BRango%2C+A%3BRahman%2C+A+F%3BThome%2C+K%3BWalter-Shea%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Privette&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00344257 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RSEEA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; Chihuahuan Desert; deserts; Dona Ana County New Mexico; Earth Orbiting System; eolian features; EOS Prototype Validation Exercise; field studies; geophysical methods; instruments; Jornada Range; Las Cruces New Mexico; New Mexico; North America; remote sensing; Terra; terrestrial environment; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CCA removal from treated wood using a dual remediation process AN - 27223832; 200206-32-0513 (CE); 05353411 (EN) AB - Novel approaches to remediate chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA)-treated waste wood are needed to divert this material from landfills. In this study, CCA-treated wood wafers were treated with a two-step remediation process to remove copper, chromium and arsenic. Process conditions, involving an acid extraction and bacterial culture with a metal-tolerant bacterium, were optimized. It was determined that 18 h of exposure to 1.0% oxalic acid was an optimal exposure time for the size of wood used in this study. Oxalic acid concentration was then varied to determine optimal concentration for metal removal. Increasing concentrations of oxalic acid removed increasing quantities of copper, chromium and arsenic. Acid extraction at 0.80% and bacterium exposure resulted in a total reduction of 78% copper, 97% chromium and 93% arsenic. An 0.8% of oxalic acid followed by bacterial culture with Bacillus licheniformis CC01 afforded the best conditions for maximum removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from treated wood with minimal exposure of the wood fiber to acid conditions. JF - Waste Management & Research [Waste Manage. Res.] AU - Clausen, C A AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA clausen@facstaff.wisc.edu PY - 2000 SP - 485 EP - 488 PB - IWM Business Services Ltd , 9 Saxons Court, St. Peter's Gardens, Northampton, NN1 1SX, UK, [mailto:wmr@iwm.co.uk], [URL:http://www.iwmpublishing.co.uk] VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Wood KW - Wastes KW - Remediation KW - Waste management KW - Landfills KW - Article KW - EE 60:Waste Management (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27223832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research+%5BWaste+Manage.+Res.%5D&rft.atitle=CCA+removal+from+treated+wood+using+a+dual+remediation+process&rft.au=Clausen%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research+%5BWaste+Manage.+Res.%5D&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1034%2Fj.1399-3070.2000.00151.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3070.2000.00151.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species Variation in Osmotic, Cryoprotectant, and Cooling Rate Tolerance in Poultry, Eagle, and Peregrine Falcon Spermatozoa AN - 19702029; 5669467 AB - Potential factors influencing spermatozoa survival to cryopreservation and thawing were analyzed across a range of the following avian species: domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus ), domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo ), golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos ), Bonelli's eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus ), imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti ), and peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus ). Studies focused on spermatozoa tolerance to the following: 1) osmotic stress, 2) different extracellular concentrations of the cryoprotectant dimethylacetamide (DMA), 3) equilibration times of 1 versus 4 h, 4) equilibration temperature of 4 versus 21 degree C, and 5) rapid versus slow cooling before cryopreservation and standard thawing. Sperm viability was assessed with the live/dead stain (SYBR-14/propidium iodine). Sperm viability at osmolalities greater than or equal to 800 mOsm was higher (P < 0.05) in raptor than poultry semen. Return to isotonicity after exposure to hypertonicity (3000 mOsm) decreased (P < 0.05) number of viable spermatozoa in chicken, turkey, and golden and Bonelli's eagle spermatozoa but not in imperial eagle or peregrine falcon spermatozoa. Differences were found in spermatozoa resistance to hypotonic conditions, with eagle species demonstrating the most tolerance. Semen, equilibrated for 1 h (4 degree C) in diluent containing DMA ( greater than or equal to 2.06 M), experienced decreased (P < 0.05) spermatozoa survival in all species, except the golden eagle and peregrine falcon. Number of surviving spermatozoa diminished progressively with increasing DMA concentrations in all species. Increased equilibration temperature (from 4 to 21 degree C) markedly reduced (P < 0.05) spermatozoa survival in all species except the Bonelli's eagle and turkey. Rapid cooling was detrimental (P < 0.05) to spermatozoa from all species except the imperial eagle and the chicken. These results demonstrate that avian spermatozoa differ remarkably in response to osmotic changes, DMA concentrations, equilibration time, temperature, and survival after fast or slow freezing. These differences emphasize the need for species-specific studies in the development and enhancement of assisted breeding for poultry and endangered species. JF - Biology of Reproduction AU - Blanco, J M AU - Gee, G AU - Wildt, DE AU - Donoghue, A M AD - USDA, ARS, LPSI, Germplasm and Gamete Physiology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1164 EP - 1171 PB - Society for the Study of Reproduction VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - poultry KW - USA, California, Imperial KW - Gallus KW - Falco peregrinus KW - breeding KW - Meleagris gallopavo KW - Iodine KW - Venezuela, Falcon KW - Aquila KW - Temperature KW - Aquila chrysaetos KW - Stress KW - Turkey KW - Endangered species KW - Reproduction KW - survival KW - Hieraaetus fasciatus KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19702029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+Reproduction&rft.atitle=Species+Variation+in+Osmotic%2C+Cryoprotectant%2C+and+Cooling+Rate+Tolerance+in+Poultry%2C+Eagle%2C+and+Peregrine+Falcon+Spermatozoa&rft.au=Blanco%2C+J+M%3BGee%2C+G%3BWildt%2C+DE%3BDonoghue%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Blanco&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+Reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0006-3363%282000%29063%281164%3ASVIOCA%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0006-3363&volume=63&page=1164 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Falco peregrinus; Meleagris gallopavo; Aquila; Hieraaetus fasciatus; Gallus; Aquila chrysaetos; Venezuela, Falcon; Turkey; USA, California, Imperial; survival; Temperature; poultry; Endangered species; breeding; Reproduction; Iodine; Stress DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0006-3363(2000)063(1164:SVIOCA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NOVEL CELL CULTURE MEDIUM FOR USE IN OXIDATION EXPERIMENTS PROVIDES INSIGHTS INTO MECHANISMS OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL-MEDIATED OXIDATION OF LDL AN - 19335247; 8696056 AB - Though one prominent theory of atherogenesis involves free-radical oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) within the vessel wall by one of the vascular cell types, the mechanism for cell-mediated LDL oxidation remains unclear[sn1]. In these studies we examined the effects of media phenols, thiols, and metals on endothelial cell-mediated oxidation. We found that cell culture media such as Dulbecco modified Eagle medium and minimal essential medium are unable to support cell-mediated oxidation of LDL because they contain high concentrations of phenol red (PR) and tyrosine, both of which strongly inhibit cell-mediated oxidation. Ham's F-10, a commonly used medium for cell-mediated oxidation experiments, is also not entirely appropriate, as it contains both PR and cysteine. Cysteine is not critical for endothelial cell-mediated oxidation, but does increase oxidation of LDL in the absence of cells. Finally, of utmost importance to cell-mediated oxidation was the presence of either micromolar concentrations of Fe(II) or physiological concentrations of holo-ceruloplasmin, the protein which carries copper in plasma. An appropriate culture medium for use in cell-mediated oxidation experiments should thus contain either micromolar concentrations of Fe(II) or physiological concentrations of holo-ceruloplasmin, and should be prepared without PR, cysteine, or large concentrations of tyrosine, all of which are shown here to inhibit endothelial cell-mediated LDL oxidation. These results are consistent with a mechanism of cell-mediated oxidation involving Fenton-type chemistry and redox cycling of the metal. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Dugas, Tammy R AU - Morel, Diane W AU - Harrison, Earl H AD - Department of Pathology (T. R. D.), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0609, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (D. W. M.), University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19404-4495, and Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (E. H. H.), USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 571 EP - 577 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 36 IS - 9 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - free radical KW - atherosclerosis KW - lipoprotein KW - iron KW - copper KW - Redox properties KW - Heavy metals KW - Atherogenesis KW - Tyrosine KW - Cell culture KW - Copper KW - Phenols KW - Lipoproteins (low density) KW - Cysteine KW - Lipoproteins KW - Ham KW - Oxidation KW - Thiols KW - Media (culture) KW - Vascular system KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19335247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=NOVEL+CELL+CULTURE+MEDIUM+FOR+USE+IN+OXIDATION+EXPERIMENTS+PROVIDES+INSIGHTS+INTO+MECHANISMS+OF+ENDOTHELIAL+CELL-MEDIATED+OXIDATION+OF+LDL&rft.au=Dugas%2C+Tammy+R%3BMorel%2C+Diane+W%3BHarrison%2C+Earl+H&rft.aulast=Dugas&rft.aufirst=Tammy&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1071-2690%282000%290362.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Redox properties; Heavy metals; Tyrosine; Atherogenesis; Cell culture; Copper; Phenols; Lipoproteins (low density); Cysteine; Thiols; Oxidation; Ham; Lipoproteins; Media (culture); Vascular system DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036<0571:NCCMFU>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of intramammary infection and parity on calf weaning weight and milk quality in beef cows AN - 18290453; 5341887 AB - The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the effect of intramammary infection on calf weaning weight, milk somatic cell count, and milk composition, and 2) the effect of parity on percentages of infected cows, infected quarters, and blind quarters. The number of infected quarters, milk somatic cell counts, milk components, and intramammary infection were studied at weaning in 164 beef cows. The percentage of infected cows ranged from 61.9% at first parity to 66.7% at fifth to ninth parities. Cows with three or four infected quarters had higher (P .10) calf weaning weight. In conclusion, intramammary infection had no effect on calf weaning weight but increased milk somatic cell count and decreased the percentage of protein, lactose, solids-not-fat, and butterfat. The number of infected and blind mammary quarters increased with parity. Implications: Results indicate that 66% of beef cows on pasture have subclinical mastitis, and 15% of all mammary quarters for cows with five to nine parities are infected with Staphylococcus aureus. For beef cows with fewer parities, only 1 to 4% of the quarters are infected. This organism is a serious mastitis pathogen that destroys mammary secretory tissue and causes decreased milk production. It is spread from cow to cow through the transfer of infected milk from one mammary quarter to another by suckling. Weaning weight of calves from cows with subclinical mastitis in four mammary quarters was 5 kg less than herd mates free from intramammary infection. A mastitis control program for beef cows may reduce incidence of mastitis and the spread of S. aureus and increase calf weaning weight. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Paape, MJ AU - Duenas, MI AU - Wettemann, R P AU - Douglass, L W AD - Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 2508 EP - 2514 VL - 78 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Meat industry KW - Milk KW - Body weight KW - Weaning KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Mastitis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18290453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+intramammary+infection+and+parity+on+calf+weaning+weight+and+milk+quality+in+beef+cows&rft.au=Paape%2C+MJ%3BDuenas%2C+MI%3BWettemann%2C+R+P%3BDouglass%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Paape&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Milk; Meat industry; Mastitis; Weaning; Body weight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and demonstration of RNA isolation and RT-PCR procedures to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 gene expression on beef carcass surfaces AN - 18247887; 5307479 AB - Preventing the development of pathogen resistance to processing and preservation techniques will require an understanding of the genetic mechanisms that pathogens use in situ to adapt and develop tolerance to stresses they encounter in the food environment. RNA isolation and reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR protocols were developed as tools to detect gene expression in bacteria on beef carcass surfaces. The utility of these procedures was demonstrated by detecting the expression of a selectively-inducible green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene in a plasmid-transformed strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated onto beef carcass surface tissue. These procedures should serve as useful tools for studying the genetic responses of bacteria when exposed to antimicrobial interventions applied to food animal carcasses. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Berry, E AD - USDA, ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA, berry@email.marc.usda.gov).MentionoftradenamesorcommercialproductsinthisarticleissolelyforthepurposeofprovidingspecificinformationanddoesnotimplyrecommendationorendorsementbytheUSDepartmentofAgriculture Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 265 EP - 269 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - cattle KW - detection KW - isolation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Carcasses KW - Bioassays KW - Beef KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18247887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+demonstration+of+RNA+isolation+and+RT-PCR+procedures+to+detect+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+gene+expression+on+beef+carcass+surfaces&rft.au=Berry%2C+E&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2000.00803.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Bioassays; Polymerase chain reaction; Meat; Beef; Carcasses DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2000.00803.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ascochyta Blight Resistance Inheritance in Three Chickpea Recombinant Inbred Line Populations AN - 18109862; 5202979 AB - Ascochyta blight (caused by Ascochyta rabiei [Pass] Labr.) is a devastating and widespread disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Studies of the genetics of resistance to blight have generated inconsistent reports due to year to year and between location variation in screening trial results. Most previous studies have relied on F sub(2) or backcross populations for segregation analyses; however, inheritance patterns have been difficult to confirm because of the inability to repeat the evaluations in time and space. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea using recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. The RILs were derived from two intraspecific crosses, PI 359075(1) x FLIP 84-92C(2), 'Blanco Lechoso' x 'Dwelley', and one interspecific cross, FLIP 84-92C(3) x C. reticulatum Lad. (PI 599072). The resistant parents, FLIP 84-92C and Dwelley, had a common source of resistance derived from ILC-72. Disease reactions of the parents and RILs were scored using a 1 to 9 scale and also by using the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Segregation among RILs indicated that three recessive and complementary major genes with several modifiers conferred ascochyta blight resistance. Absence of one or two of the major genes confers susceptibility, whereas the presence of the modifiers determines the degree of resistance. JF - Crop Science AU - Tekeoglu, M AU - Santra, D K AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Muehlbauer, F J AD - USDA-ARS, 303 W. Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6434, USA, muehlbau@wsu.edu Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1251 EP - 1256 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Chickpea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Cicer arietinum KW - Plant diseases KW - Ascochyta rabiei KW - Disease resistance KW - Blight KW - Inheritance KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18109862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Ascochyta+Blight+Resistance+Inheritance+in+Three+Chickpea+Recombinant+Inbred+Line+Populations&rft.au=Tekeoglu%2C+M%3BSantra%2C+D+K%3BKaiser%2C+W+J%3BMuehlbauer%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Tekeoglu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ascochyta rabiei; Cicer arietinum; Inheritance; Plant diseases; Disease resistance; Blight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inheritance and Linkage of Two Genes that Confer Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Chickpea AN - 18109591; 5202978 AB - Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) causes a vascular wilt of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and significantly limits production worldwide. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the inheritance of resistance to races 0 and 5 of fusarium wilt and the genetic map positions of the resistance genes and (ii) to assess the linkage relationships between these two genes and other known wilt resistance genes in chickpea. Seedlings of 131 F sub(6)-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were tested for reaction to races 0 and 5. A 1 resistant: 1 susceptible segregation ratio was observed for both races, indicating that resistance to each race is controlled by a single gene. Linkage analysis indicated that the genes for resistance to races 4 and 5 were in the same linkage group and were separated by 11.2 centiMorgans (cM). The gene for resistance to race 0 was not linked to the race 4 and 5 resistance genes. In addition, an allele-specific associated primer (ASAP) product (CS-27R/CS-27F), developed from the CS-27 primer, was located between the two resistance genes and was 7.2 and 4 cM from the genes for resistance to races 4 and 5, respectively. Map positions of these two race-specific resistance genes and the marker reported to be linked to the genes for resistance to races 1 and 4 support the hypothesis that wilt resistance genes are clustered on the same chromosome. Since the gene conferring resistance to race 0 is found in a different region of the genome, other genomic regions may be responsible for resistance to wilt pathogens. The gene symbols foc-0, foc-4, and foc-5 are proposed for the genes for resistance to races 0, 4, and 5 of the pathogen, respectively. Identification and further evaluation of disease resistance gene clusters would improve our understanding of wilt resistance in chickpea and facilitate the transfer of resistance genes to new cultivars. JF - Crop Science AU - Tekeoglu, M AU - Tullu, A AU - Kaiser, W J AU - Muehlbauer, F J AD - USDA-ARS, 303W Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6434, USA, muehlbau@wsu.edu Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1247 EP - 1251 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Chickpea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Cicer arietinum KW - Plant diseases KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Disease resistance KW - Chromosomes KW - Inheritance KW - Wilt KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18109591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Inheritance+and+Linkage+of+Two+Genes+that+Confer+Resistance+to+Fusarium+Wilt+in+Chickpea&rft.au=Tekeoglu%2C+M%3BTullu%2C+A%3BKaiser%2C+W+J%3BMuehlbauer%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Tekeoglu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; Cicer arietinum; Wilt; Plant diseases; Disease resistance; Inheritance; Chromosomes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation and Volatilization of the Fumigant Chloropicrin after Soil Treatment AN - 18068976; 4872437 AB - Chloropicrin (CP) is used in fumigation of soil-borne pests. Because of its high volatility and toxicity, atmospheric emission of CP during soil application may become a source of air pollution. We investigated degradation of CP in three different soils as a function of soil temperature and moisture conditions, and evaluated its volatilization against methyl bromide (MeBr) from packed soil columns. Chloropicrin degraded much faster than MeBr in the same soil, mainly via microbial degradation. Degradation of CP accelerated as soil temperature increased, but was relatively independent of changes in soil moisture. When the soil surface was uncovered, overall volatilization loss of CP was similar to that of MeBr. Covering the soil surface with a polyethylene or high-barrier film was much more effective in reducing volatilization of CP than MeBr. Therefore, surface covers may be used in sensitive areas to reduce human exposure to CP. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gan, J AU - Yates AU - Ernst, F F AU - Jury, WA AD - USDA-ARS, Soil Physics and Pesticides Research Unit, U.S. Salinity laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, jgan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1391 EP - 1397 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - chloropicrin KW - methyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Air pollution control KW - Pest control KW - Fumigation KW - Vaporization KW - Soil KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18068976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Degradation+and+Volatilization+of+the+Fumigant+Chloropicrin+after+Soil+Treatment&rft.au=Gan%2C+J%3BYates%3BErnst%2C+F+F%3BJury%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fumigation; Soil; Pest control; Vaporization; Biodegradation; Air pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus Forms in Manure and Compost and Their Release during Simulated Rainfall AN - 18068889; 4872443 AB - The large accumulation of P in manure from animal feeding operations in localized areas has increased the potential for P export following land application. Impairment of freshwater quality by accelerated eutrophication has focused attention on manure management and the potential for P loss in runoff. Thus, we investigated the amounts and relative solubilities of P in manures and their composts using a modified Hedley fractionation and release of P during simulated rainfall (70 mm h super(-1) for 30 min) in laboratory columns (15-cm diameter). Twenty-four samples each of dairy manure, dairy manure compost, poultry manure, poultry manure compost, poultry litter, and swine manure were collected over 2 yr. Total P concentration ranged from 2600 to 40 000 mg kg super(-1), mostly as inorganic P (63 to 92%). The distribution of inorganic and organic P fractions depended on manure and compost type. Most of the inorganic P, 80%, was water extractable (2030 mg kg super(-1)), while 55% was hydroxide extractable in swine slurry (16 620 mg kg super(-1)) and 38% acid extractable in poultry manure (9320 mg kg super(-1)). The dissolved inorganic P concentration in leachate from manure and compost (10 Mg ha super(-1) manure application rate) during a 30-min rainfall ranged from 34 (poultry litter) to 75 mg L super(-1) (poultry manure). The amount of P leached by five simulated rainfall events was significantly correlated to respective water extractable inorganic (r super(2) = 0.98) or organic P (r super(2) = 0.99) of each material. This suggests that water extractable P may be used to estimate the potential for land-applied manures or composts to enrich leachate and surface runoff P. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, A AU - Moyer, B AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Lab., Bldg. 3702, Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, ans3@psu.edu Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1462 EP - 1469 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Compost KW - Experimental Data KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Leaching KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Rainfall KW - Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows) KW - Water Quality KW - Phosphorus KW - Phosphorus Compounds KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Land application KW - Animal manures KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Phosphorus compounds KW - Composting KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18068889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+Forms+in+Manure+and+Compost+and+Their+Release+during+Simulated+Rainfall&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+A%3BMoyer%2C+B&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Compost; Manure; Animal wastes; Stormwater runoff; Rainfall; Phosphorus; Land application; Leaching; Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows); Phosphorus compounds; Composting; Pollution (Water); Water quality (Natural waters); Animal manures; Experimental Data; Agricultural Runoff; Water Pollution Sources; Water Quality; Phosphorus Compounds; Simulated Rainfall ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Four Turfgrass Cultivars to Limestone and Biosolids-Compost Amendment of a Zinc and Cadmium Contaminated Soil at Palmerton, Pennsylvania AN - 18068421; 4872442 AB - Revegetation treatments (NPK fertilizer, limestone plus NPK fertilizer, or composted iron-rich limed biosolids) were evaluated on severely Zn phytotoxic soils near a former smelter. Soils contained 15 500 mg Zn and 158 mg Cd kg super(-1) and initial soil pH was 6.0. Zinc-resistant `Merlin' red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was compared with `Bonanza' and `Kentucky-31' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and `Touchdown' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) for leaf phytotoxicity symptoms, rapidity of achieving cover, persistence of cover, and metal accumulation. Biosolids compost more strongly reduced soluble Zn and Cd, resulting in effective remediation of Zn phytotoxicity that persisted for the 4 yr of this test. `Merlin' red fescue showed remarkable exclusion of Zn and Cd (201-446 mg kg super(-1) Zn and 0.9-2.7 mg kg super(-1) Cd in dry shoots from treated plots) but grew slowly and made poor lawns. `Kentucky-31' tall fescue plants grew rapidly and reached almost 100% cover within 3 mo in compost treatment plots, but the Zn exceeded phytotoxic threshold levels (>500 mg Zn kg super(-1)). `Bonanza' tall fescue and `Touchdown' Kentucky bluegrass had good growth performance and contained lower concentrations of Zn and Cd than `Kentucky-31' tall fescue on biosolids-compost amended treatments and were more suitable as a lawn and/ or revegetation crop. After the first year of the study, the commercial turfgrasses survived only on the biosolids-compost plots. The combination of calcareous soil pH and higher organic matter, Fe, and phosphate levels of biosolids-compost amended plots improved the overall success of vegetation establishment and allowed important turfgrasses to revegetate highly Zn-contaminated soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Li, Y-M AU - Chaney, R L AU - Siebielec, G AU - Kerschner, BA AD - USDA-ARS, Environmental Chemistry Lab., Bldg. 007, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, yli@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1440 EP - 1447 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Limestone KW - Poa pratensis KW - Fertilizers KW - Zinc KW - Cadmium KW - Compost KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - Vegetation KW - Soil contamination KW - Smelters KW - Remediation KW - USA, Pennsylvania, Palmerton KW - Festuca rubra KW - Phytotoxicity KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18068421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Response+of+Four+Turfgrass+Cultivars+to+Limestone+and+Biosolids-Compost+Amendment+of+a+Zinc+and+Cadmium+Contaminated+Soil+at+Palmerton%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Li%2C+Y-M%3BChaney%2C+R+L%3BSiebielec%2C+G%3BKerschner%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Y-M&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Festuca rubra; Festuca arundinacea; Poa pratensis; USA, Pennsylvania, Palmerton; Soil contamination; Limestone; Compost; Zinc; Cadmium; Smelters; Phytotoxicity; Vegetation; Fertilizers; Remediation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-Term Wastewater Treatment Effectiveness of a Northern Wisconsin Peatland AN - 17846068; 4872462 AB - Secondary effluent from the Drummond, WI wastewater stabilization lagoon system was applied to an acidic, nutrient-poor, 8.3-ha peatland for the purpose of advanced wastewater treatment. Application occurred from June through October at an average rate of 10 cm yr super(-1) from 1979 to 1982, 24 cm yr super(-1) from 1983 to 1988, and 40 cm yr super(-1) from 1989 to 1996, increasing surface flow from the application area by 47, 78, and 154%, respectively. The pH of the peatland outflow increased from 4.2 to 6.7, chloride rose from 1.1 mg L super(-1) to 80 mg L super(-1), and total phosphorus increased from 0.05 mg L super(-1) to 0.6 mg L super(-1). Because raw sewage input was only one-half of the lagoon system's design capacity, the lagoons provided a high degree of sewage treatment, removing 95% of suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and nitrogen from the wastewater stream. Phosphorus removal in the lagoons, which was 98% in the first years of operation, declined to 85% by 1995. The peatland contributed little additional treatment, removing only 37% of the nitrogen and 17% of the phosphorus remaining in the lagoon effluent. The peatland's capacity to retain phosphorus was exhausted after a few years of application. Increased pH, nutrient availability, and water levels altered the peatland vegetation community. The Sphagnum ground cover was reduced or eliminated in many places, and dense stands of cattail (Typha sp.) developed in some areas. Small peatlands such as this one seem poor candidates for use as tertiary treatment systems. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Nichols, D S AU - Higgins, DA AD - USDA-Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1831 E. Hwy. 169, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA, dnichols@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1703 EP - 1714 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Peat Bogs KW - Secondary Wastewater Treatment KW - Chlorides KW - Vegetation KW - Sewage works effluents KW - Nutrients KW - Lagooning KW - Phosphorus removal KW - Tertiary Wastewater Treatment KW - Wastewater Lagoons KW - Phosphorus Removal KW - Stabilization Ponds KW - Tertiary treatment (see also Advanced treatment) KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17846068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Wastewater+Treatment+Effectiveness+of+a+Northern+Wisconsin+Peatland&rft.au=Nichols%2C+D+S%3BHiggins%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phosphorus removal; Chlorides; Vegetation; Nutrients; Sewage works effluents; Lagooning; Tertiary treatment (see also Advanced treatment); Peat Bogs; Tertiary Wastewater Treatment; Wastewater Lagoons; Secondary Wastewater Treatment; Phosphorus Removal; Stabilization Ponds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Mosquito Larvicidal Diterpenoid Isolated from Podocarpus totara D. Don ex Lambert AN - 17772840; 4826502 AB - Totarol, a diterpenoid phenol isolated from Podocarpus totara (D. Don ex Lambert) root bark, was found to be active against second- and fourth-instar Culex pipiens Coquillett with the 24 h LC sub(50) values of 0.25 and 0.37 mu g/mL, respectively. The mosquito larvicidal activity against C. pipiens increased when bioassays were extended to 48 h. Structural elucidation of totarol was by means of super(1)H-NMR, super(13)C-NMR, and GC-MS analysis. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Lee, S-E AU - Park, E-K AU - Kim, J-G AD - Plant Protection Research Unit, WRRC, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710 USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 474 EP - 477 VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - Northern house mosquito KW - diterpenoids KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological vectors KW - Podocarpus totara KW - Chemical control KW - Culicidae KW - Pest control KW - Phenols KW - Public health KW - Insecticides KW - Culex pipiens KW - Insect larvae KW - Plant extracts KW - Toxicity testing KW - Larvicides KW - Plant utilization KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17772840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=A+Mosquito+Larvicidal+Diterpenoid+Isolated+from+Podocarpus+totara+D.+Don+ex+Lambert&rft.au=Lee%2C+S-E%3BPark%2C+E-K%3BKim%2C+J-G&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S-E&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Insecticides; Insect larvae; Chemical control; Pest control; Phenols; Plant utilization; Public health; Plant extracts; Toxicity testing; Larvicides; Podocarpus totara; Culex pipiens; Culicidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) Nestling Diet in Old-growth and Old-field Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) Habitats AN - 17771066; 4823269 AB - Automatic cameras were used to record adult red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) nest visits with food for nestlings. Diet of nestlings on or near an old-growth longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) remnant in southern Georgia was compared to that in longleaf pine stands established on old farm fields in western South Carolina. Diets of nestlings were expressed as percent nest visits and percent prey biomass. The method of calculating nestling diet composition had little effect on the relative ranking of prey. Roaches (Blattaria: Blatellidae) were the most common arthropod fed to nestlings, ranging from 33-57% of the prey brought to nest cavities by adults or 55-73% of the prey biomass. Other common prey were spiders, centipedes and caterpillars. The latter were primarily larvae of coneworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Dioryctria spp.) that bore into and feed on pine cones. Scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Centruroides sp.), an unusual prey, were recorded several times at the south Georgia location. Morisita's index (C) of diet overlap showed a high degree of similarity in nestling diets among years in the old-growth remnant (C = 0.91 to 0.94), as well as a high degree of similarity in the diets of nestlings among woodpecker groups within locations and between old-growth and old-field habitats (C = 0.89-0.95). Our study shows that old trees on relatively undisturbed sites provide the same prey as younger trees growing on old farm fields and the relative importance of the different prey was similar for both habitats. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Hanula, J L AU - Engstrom, R T AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA, jhanula@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 370 EP - 376 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0003-0031&volume=144&page=370] VL - 144 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Longleaf pine KW - USA, Georgia KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Old fields KW - Trees KW - Picoides borealis KW - Pinus palustris KW - Prey KW - Nests KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17771066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Red-cockaded+Woodpecker+%28Picoides+borealis%29+Nestling+Diet+in+Old-growth+and+Old-field+Longleaf+Pine+%28Pinus+palustris%29+Habitats&rft.au=Hanula%2C+J+L%3BEngstrom%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Hanula&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282000%29144%280370%3ACORCWP%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; Pinus palustris; Diets; Old fields; Nests; Prey; Trees DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2000)144(0370:CORCWP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global climate change and the effect of conservation practices in US agriculture AN - 17768981; 4810853 AB - The use of conservation practices by agriculture in the United States will enhance soil organic carbon and potentially increase carbon sequestration. This, in turn, will decrease the net emission of carbon dioxide. A number of studies exist that calibrate the contribution of various individual, site-specific conservation practices on changes in soil organic carbon. There is a general absence, however, of a comprehensive effort to measure objectively the contribution of these practices including conservation tillage, the Conservation Reserve Program, and conservation buffer strips to an change in soil organic carbon. This paper fills that void. After recounting the evolution of the use of the various conservation practices, it is estimated that organic carbon in the soil in 1998 in the United States attributable to these practices was about 12.2 million Mt. By 2008, there will be an increase of about 25%. Given that there is a significant potential for conservation practices to lead to an increase in carbon sequestration, there are a number of policy options that can be pursued. These include education and technical assistance, financial assistance, research and development, land retirement, and regulation and taxes. JF - Global Environmental Change, Part A: Human and Policy Dimensions AU - Uri, N D AU - Bloodworth, H AD - Natural Resources Conservation Service NRCS/RID, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rm 1-2118A, 5601 Sunnyside Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 197 EP - 209 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3780, 0959-3780 KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Organic carbon KW - USA KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Human Population KW - Agriculture KW - Environmental economics KW - Climatic changes KW - Buffers KW - Economics KW - Emission control KW - Tillage KW - Conservation KW - Soil conservation KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Legislation KW - Carbon fixation KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17768981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Environmental+Change%2C+Part+A%3A+Human+and+Policy+Dimensions&rft.atitle=Global+climate+change+and+the+effect+of+conservation+practices+in+US+agriculture&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D%3BBloodworth%2C+H&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Environmental+Change%2C+Part+A%3A+Human+and+Policy+Dimensions&rft.issn=09593780&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Climatic changes; Agriculture; Soil conservation; Organic carbon; Emission control; Environmental economics; Legislation; Tillage; Buffers; Carbon fixation; Economics; Carbon dioxide; Conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat Associations of Hypogeous Fungi in the Southern Appalachians: Implications for the Endangered Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) AN - 17765885; 4823240 AB - Sporocarps of hypogeous mycorrhizal fungi (truffles) are the major food of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus). The two subspecies of northern flying squirrels that occur in the southern Appalachians, G. s. coloratus and G. s. fuscus, are endangered species which are primarily found in the ecotone between high-elevation spruce-fir and northern hardwood forests. Our objective was to determine the microhabitat and macrohabitat characteristics associated with the presence and abundance of truffles in suitable habitat for northern flying squirrels. We sampled for truffles in 24-26, 1-m super(2) plots on each of 10 northern flying squirrel sites in North Carolina and measured micro- and macrohabitat characteristics associated with sample plots and sites. Elaphomyces granulatus was the most common species of truffle found (78.7%). Red spruce (Picea rubra) was significantly more likely to be one of the three closest trees to plots with truffles. Further, spruce was the most important species in plots with truffles, followed by beech (Fagus grandifolia), red oak (Quercus rubra) and yellow birch (Betula lutea), whereas the most important species in plots with no truffles were beech, followed by yellow birch, spruce and red oak. At the macrohabitat (site) level, spruce was the most important species in sites with high truffle production followed by beech and red oak, whereas the most important species in sites with low truffle production were beech, yellow birch, spruce and rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.). Significant variables entered into a linear regression model predicting the number of truffles in a site were the importance values of fir (Abies fraseri), spruce and silverbell (Halesia carolina). Our data suggest that spruce-fir or mixed spruce-fir/hardwood stands are important foraging sites for northern flying squirrels in the southern Appalachians. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Loeb, S C AU - Tainter, F H AU - Cazares, E AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Department of Forest Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 286 EP - 296 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0003-0031&volume=144&page=286] VL - 144 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Carolina northern flying squirrel KW - Virginia northern flying squirrel KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus KW - Food KW - Fungi KW - Habitat preferences KW - Endangered species KW - Elaphomyces granulatus KW - Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17765885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Habitat+Associations+of+Hypogeous+Fungi+in+the+Southern+Appalachians%3A+Implications+for+the+Endangered+Northern+Flying+Squirrel+%28Glaucomys+sabrinus+coloratus%29&rft.au=Loeb%2C+S+C%3BTainter%2C+F+H%3BCazares%2C+E&rft.aulast=Loeb&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282000%29144%280286%3AHAOHFI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus; Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus; Elaphomyces granulatus; Fungi; Endangered species; Food; Habitat preferences DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2000)144(0286:HAOHFI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frenkelia microti infection in a Chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) in the United States AN - 17760534; 4824404 AB - A Frenkelia microti tissue cyst was found in the brain of a chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) used for biomedical research. This is the first report of Frenkelia infection in this animal in the United States. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Dubey, J P AU - Clark, T R AU - Yantis, D AD - Parasite Biology and Epidemiology Laboratory, Livestock and Poultry Sciences Institute, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1149 EP - 1150 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0022-3395&volume=86&page=1149] VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Brain KW - Chinchilla laniger KW - Nervous system diseases KW - Frenkelia microti KW - Cysts KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17760534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Frenkelia+microti+infection+in+a+Chinchilla+%28Chinchilla+laniger%29+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Dubey%2C+J+P%3BClark%2C+T+R%3BYantis%2C+D&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-3395%282000%29086%281149%3AFMIIAC%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Frenkelia microti; Chinchilla laniger; Cysts; Brain; Nervous system diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2000)086(1149:FMIIAC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Release and establishment of diffuse and spotted knapweed biocontrol agents by USDA, APHIS, PPQ, in the United States AN - 17758930; 4824220 AB - Spotted and diffuse knapweed are major weed pests of range and in the western and Midwestern United States. Canada, United States university experiment stations, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (ARS), and local weed control groups began an effort to introduce biological control agents for spotted and diffuse knapweed in early 1970 (Table 2). APHIS perceived the need to respond and organize a regional effort to an enormous weed problem. They set up rearing procedures, protocols, established a structure for distribution, and established a protocol for monitoring the establishment and effect of the introduced biological control agents. In 1987, the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection Quarantine (USDA, APHIS, PPQ) in cooperation and consultation with other interested biological weed control groups began a biocontrol program against spotted and diffuse knapweed with the release of three biocontrol agents. By 1998, 13 knapweed biocontrol agents had been released in 17 states and 112 counties. At least one agent has established in each state where introductions were made. Eleven of the 13 agents released by APHIS have become established. Nine of the 13 biocontrol agents are now collectable in some states. Agapeta zoegana is collectable in eight states, Cyphocleonus achates in six states, Larinus minutus in ten states, Metzneria paucipunctella in three states, Sphenoptera jugoslavica in eight states, Terellia virens in one state, Urophora affinis in eight states, Urophora quadrifasciata in ten states and Larinus obtusus is ready to be collected in one state. JF - Pan-Pacific Entomologist AU - Lang, R F AU - Richard, R D AU - Parker, P E AU - Wendel, L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Montana State University, P.O. Box 170278, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 197 EP - 218 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 0031-0603, 0031-0603 KW - Beetles KW - Moths KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - Weed control KW - Lepidoptera KW - Centaurea maculosa KW - Diptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17758930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Release+and+establishment+of+diffuse+and+spotted+knapweed+biocontrol+agents+by+USDA%2C+APHIS%2C+PPQ%2C+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Lang%2C+R+F%3BRichard%2C+R+D%3BParker%2C+P+E%3BWendel%2C+L&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.issn=00310603&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleoptera; Lepidoptera; Diptera; Centaurea maculosa; Biological control; Weed control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elicitation of brown treesnake predatory behavior using polymodal stimuli AN - 17758290; 4823148 AB - The brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) is a species of special management concern, requiring improvement of capture methods through the development of effective artificial lures. Toward this end, we used night-vision cameras and mechanical models to study the interplay of sensory modalities for stimulating predatory behavior in brown treesnakes. Snakes oriented toward live mouse (Mus musculus) lures in complete darkness as much as they did to live mice lures under visible-light illumination; however, brown treesnakes in an unlighted environment responded qualitatively differently by probing and biting at the lure holder rather than striking at the mouse within (as did snakes in lighted trials). We altered the odors and vibratory cues of mechanical models to partition attractive stimuli and to measure snake response to vibratory cues. Fur-covered odorized (by rubbing with freshly defrosted dead neonatal mouse) models were more attractive than fur-covered non-odorized models, odor alone, and empty lure holders. Brown treesnake response to live mice did not differ from their response to smooth, odorized models, and moving versions of the smooth, odorized models stimulated more predatory behavior than unmoving models. Response from brown treesnakes appears to increase as odor and mechanical vibration stimuli are increased quantitatively and-or qualitatively. Conceptually, we hypothesize that polymodal stimuli synergize to promote predatory behavior in foraging snakes and that for trapping purposes, a multi-sensory attractant, optimized at each modality will be required to achieve capture success similar to or better than that obtained using live mice lures. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Shivik, JA AU - Bourassa, J AU - Donnigan, S N AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, John.Shivik@USDA.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 969 EP - 975 VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Brown tree snake KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - Predation KW - Boiga irregularis KW - Mus musculus KW - Trapping KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04670:Reptiles KW - Y 25494:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17758290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Elicitation+of+brown+treesnake+predatory+behavior+using+polymodal+stimuli&rft.au=Shivik%2C+JA%3BBourassa%2C+J%3BDonnigan%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Shivik&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boiga irregularis; Mus musculus; Predation; Wildlife management; Trapping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repellents to reduce cable gnawing by wild Norway rats AN - 17757374; 4823153 AB - Rodents gnaw communications and power cables, resulting in service interruptions, fires, and other safety concerns. Commensal rodents such as the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) have been implicated in many of these situations. Two chemical repellents (capsicum oleoresin-capsaicin and denatonium benzoate) at 2.0% mass/mass concentrations in a polybutene carrier (Indopol super( registered )-control) were evaluated for repellent efficacy compared to a plastic mesh physical barrier material (Vexar super( registered )) and the polybutene carrier (placebo) alone using groups of individually caged wild Norway rats. The materials were applied to short lengths of communications cable (RG-8U) with the repellents enclosed in electrical shrink tubing around the samples and the plastic mesh attached to the samples for 7 days of continuous rat exposure. Measures of damage taken after rat exposure included mass of cable material damaged, volume loss to gnawing, depth of gnaw penetration, width of gnawing, and a qualitative index of damage based upon visual appearance. Using a stepwise discriminant analysis, we found less damage (P < 0.05) using the volume loss measure (cc) for the capsaicin and for the denatonium groups than for the polybutane-carrier (placebo) group. Other measures of gnawing damage did not improve statistical comparisons of the repellents. For all 5 measures of damage, there was a consistent rank order pattern among the means with capsaicin < denatonium < Vexar super( registered ) < Indopol super( registered )-control. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Shumake, SA AU - Sterner, R T AU - Gaddis, SE AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, stephen.a.shumake@usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1009 EP - 1013 VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Norway rat KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Animals KW - Repellents KW - Gnawing KW - Rattus norvegicus KW - Y 25497:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17757374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Repellents+to+reduce+cable+gnawing+by+wild+Norway+rats&rft.au=Shumake%2C+SA%3BSterner%2C+R+T%3BGaddis%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Shumake&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1009&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rattus norvegicus; Repellents; Animals; Gnawing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Populations for Almond Pollination: Methods to Advance Bee Emergence AN - 17736333; 4800123 AB - The objective of this study was to find one or more rearing methods that would allow us to release Osmia lignaria Say populations from natal nests to pollinate February-flowering almonds, Prunus amygdalus Batsch, in California's Central Valley. We exposed three phenologically distinct O. lignaria populations (early-, mid-, and late-flying) to different temperature treatments through development and wintering for a total of nine rearing treatments. These treatments combined three approaches to obtain early bee emergence: (1) exposing bees to warmer or fluctuating temperatures, or both, during development; (2) exposing bees to warmer wintering temperatures; and (3) using early-flying bee populations from Central Valley California latitudes. Extended periods of high prewintering temperatures resulted in apparent fat body consumption of prewintering adults and reductions in springtime adult longevity. In general, temperature treatments that promoted rapid immature development, and thus longer wintering periods, resulted in earlier spring emergence patterns of bees well timed with bloom period of almonds. Warmer wintering periods also resulted in earlier emergence. In addition to providing good bee-bloom synchrony, several treatments also yielded vigorous emerging populations, rapid establishment and nesting, and population increases. The potential importance of our results to anticipated increases in the demand for pollination services in California's Central Valley almonds is discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Bosch, J AU - Kemp, W P AU - Peterson, S S AD - USDA-ARS Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, 5310 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5310, USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 874 EP - 883 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Leafcutting bees KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pollination KW - Megachilidae KW - Population dynamics KW - Osmia lignaria KW - Prunus amygdalus KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17736333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Management+of+Osmia+lignaria+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Megachilidae%29+Populations+for+Almond+Pollination%3A+Methods+to+Advance+Bee+Emergence&rft.au=Bosch%2C+J%3BKemp%2C+W+P%3BPeterson%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=874&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Megachilidae; Prunus amygdalus; Osmia lignaria; Population dynamics; Pollination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen metabolism in plant/bacteria interactions: characterization of the oxygen uptake response of plant suspension cells AN - 17736012; 4796087 AB - In recent years the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been studied in plant cell suspension systems treated with bacterial pathogens. However, the associated utilization of molecular oxygen has not been well characterized. Using a multi-electrode oxygen analyser, the rates of oxygen consumption by tobacco cells during bacterial interactions were monitored. Heat-killed (HK) bacteria, which initiate an immediate ROS response in plant cells, were used as an elicitor to avoid complications of oxygen consumption by viable bacteria. An increase in oxygen uptake by the tobacco cells occurred within 4 min after addition of HK-bacteria and lasted for about 10 min, returning to a steady state at approximately twice the initial basal rate. The initial burst in oxygen uptake coincided with production of H sub(2)O sub(2). Calculation of the total oxygen consumption by the plant cells indicated that less than 5% of the increased oxygen uptake was utilized in ROS production. Use of respiratory inhibitors indicated that respiration, especially the cytochrome pathway, played a significant role in this response. Results from the use of K-252, a protein kinase inhibitor, and DPI, an inhibitor of membrane bound NADPH oxidases, indicated that triggering of the oxygen uptake response may involve protein phosphorylation and is at least partially activated by the membrane bound NADPH oxidase activity. The involvement of mitochondrial respiration in the oxygen uptake response described here indicates that early events in plant recognition of pathogens involves more of the cellular machinery than previously hypothesized. Copyright 2000 Academic Press JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Baker, C J AU - Orlandi, E W AU - Deahl, K L AD - Microbiology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, ARS, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A, cbaker@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 159 EP - 167 PB - Academic Press VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - uptake KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Oxygen KW - Plant diseases KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Respiration KW - Mitochondria KW - Oxidative metabolism KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17736012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Oxygen+metabolism+in+plant%2Fbacteria+interactions%3A+characterization+of+the+oxygen+uptake+response+of+plant+suspension+cells&rft.au=Baker%2C+C+J%3BOrlandi%2C+E+W%3BDeahl%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fpmpp.2000.0293 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Respiration; Plant diseases; Oxygen; Oxidative metabolism; Host-pathogen interactions; Mitochondria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.2000.0293 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of Larval Mortality at Low Temperatures and High Soil Moistures for Establishment of Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Southeastern United States Cotton AN - 17727543; 4800190 AB - The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), remains a significant pest of cotton (Gossypium spp.) in the southwestern United States, but is not known to be established in the primary cotton production areas of the southeastern United States. Absence of P. gossypiella may be the result of federal regulatory action (e.g., monitoring, quarantine, and eradication), climate, or other ecological factors. The objectives of this study were to determine how low temperatures and high soil moisture common to the southeastern United States might affect mortality of diapausing, preconditioned, and nondiapausing larvae of P. gossypiella. In constant temperature incubators set between 22 and 5 degree C (0% moisture, 0:24 [L:D] h), nondiapausing prepupal (fourth or fifth instar) larvae died more quickly at lower temperatures. At 5 degree C, 90% of the cohort was dead after 12 d. Similarly, prepupal larvae that had been reared under diapause inducing conditions (20 degree C, 10:14 [L:D] h) since neonate stage also died more quickly at lower temperatures. A separate developmental assay indicated that the larvae were not in diapause. In this case, 26 d at 5 degree C were required to achieve 90% mortality. For diapausing, prepupal larvae collected from the field, mortality was greater at 5 degree C than at any other temperature tested, but larvae could withstand 5 degree C for 60 d before 90% of the cohort died. In response to moisture, as soils at 10 degree C became saturated (>195% gravimetric soil moisture), most diapausing larvae ( approximately 60%) died within the first 10 d of the experiment. These studies suggest that diapausing, late instar larvae of P. gossypiella are more resilient to the effects of low temperature than nondiapausing individuals and are able to tolerate high soil moisture for moderate lengths of time. Temperatures and soil moistures in the southeastern United States are not sufficiently cold or wet to completely preclude establishment of P. gossypiella. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Venette, R C AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Hutchison, W D AD - USDA-APHIS, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108-6125, USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1018 EP - 1026 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Gelechiid moths KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - Mortality KW - Gelechiidae KW - Soil moisture KW - Gossypium KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17727543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Implications+of+Larval+Mortality+at+Low+Temperatures+and+High+Soil+Moistures+for+Establishment+of+Pink+Bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechiidae%29+in+Southeastern+United+States+Cotton&rft.au=Venette%2C+R+C%3BNaranjo%2C+SE%3BHutchison%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Venette&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1018&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gelechiidae; Pectinophora gossypiella; Gossypium; Mortality; Temperature effects; Soil moisture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maize necrotic streak virus, a New Maize Virus with Similarity to Species of the Family Tombusviridae AN - 17727038; 4777764 AB - A new virus was isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) leaves showing mild mosaic symptoms and coinfected with Maize dwarf mosaic virus. The virus was readily transmitted by vascular puncture inoculation (VPI) but not leaf-rub inoculation. Virus symptoms on susceptible maize included pale green, yellow, or cream-colored spots and streaks measuring 1 to 2 mm on emerging leaves 5 to 7 days post-VPI. As leaves developed, the spots and streaks became spindle-shaped, then coalesced into long, chlorotic bands. These bands became translucent and necrotic around the edges. There was a distinctive chlorosis on the stalks that became necrotic. Based on these distinctive symptoms, the new virus was named Maize necrotic streak virus (MNeSV). The virus was not transmitted by Aphis maidis-radicus, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Dalbulus maidis, Graminella nigrifrons, Perigrinus maidis, or Diabrotica virgifera virgifera under persistent or nonpersistent conditions. Both susceptible and resistant maize genotypes were identified following VPI with MNeSV. The isolated virus had isometric (32 nm) virions and a single 29.5-kDa coat protein. MNeSV was serologically distinct from morphologically similar maize viruses. The 4.3-kb single-stranded RNA genome had 25 to 53% sequence identity with species in the family Tombusviridae. JF - Plant Disease AU - Louie, R AU - Redinbaugh, M G AU - Gordon, D T AU - Abt, J J AU - Anderson, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Corn and Soybean Research, Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, USA, redinbaugh.2@osu.edu Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1133 EP - 1139 VL - 84 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Homoptera KW - maize KW - Aphids KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Maize necrotic streak virus KW - Chlorosis KW - Aphididae KW - Maize dwarf mosaic virus KW - Disease transmission KW - Necrosis KW - Zea mays KW - Coat protein KW - Leaves KW - Vectors KW - Tombusvirus KW - Plant viruses KW - V 22181:Detection KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17727038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Maize+necrotic+streak+virus%2C+a+New+Maize+Virus+with+Similarity+to+Species+of+the+Family+Tombusviridae&rft.au=Louie%2C+R%3BRedinbaugh%2C+M+G%3BGordon%2C+D+T%3BAbt%2C+J+J%3BAnderson%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Louie&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphididae; Maize necrotic streak virus; Tombusvirus; Zea mays; Maize dwarf mosaic virus; Leaves; Chlorosis; Necrosis; Disease transmission; Coat protein; Vectors; Plant viruses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Single and Mixed Phytoplasma Infections in Phyllody- and Dwarf-Diseased Clover Plants in Lithuania AN - 17724226; 4777752 AB - Naturally diseased plants of clover (Trifolium spp.) exhibiting symptoms of clover phyllody (virescence and phyllody of flowers) or of clover dwarf (abnormally small leaves, shortened internodes, proliferation of shoots, and dwarf growth habit) were observed in fields in Lithuania. Phytoplasma group-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rDNA revealed that the plants were infected by two mutually distinct phytoplasmas. Clover phyllody-diseased plants were infected by a subgroup 16SrI-C (subgroup I-C) phytoplasma (CPh-L) related to clover phyllody (CPh-C) phytoplasma in Canada. Clover dwarf-diseased plants were infected by both CPh-L and a phytoplasma (CYE-L) related to clover yellow edge (CYE-C) phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrIII-B = III-B) in Canada. A 1.8-kbp fragment of rRNA operon from CYE-L was amplified, cloned, and sequenced, and putative restriction sites mapped. This sequence shared high similarity (99.7%) with that of CYE-C and exhibited no differences from CYE-C in RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA; therefore, we tentatively classified CYE-L in subgroup 16SrIII-B (type strain, CYE = CYE-C phytoplasma) of the X-disease phytoplasma group. These findings extend the known geographical ranges of subgroup I-C and subgroup III-B taxa to the region of northern Europe including Lithuania and suggest a role of the subgroup III-B phytoplasma in clover dwarf disease. JF - Plant Disease AU - Staniulis, J B AU - Davis, R E AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Kalvelyte, A AU - Dally, EL AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA, rdavis@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1061 EP - 1066 VL - 84 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Lithuania KW - clover dwarf KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Trifolium KW - Phytoplasma KW - Phyllody KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17724226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Single+and+Mixed+Phytoplasma+Infections+in+Phyllody-+and+Dwarf-Diseased+Clover+Plants+in+Lithuania&rft.au=Staniulis%2C+J+B%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BKalvelyte%2C+A%3BDally%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Staniulis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1061&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytoplasma; Trifolium; Phyllody; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation of Rare Carnivores in the North Cascades Ecosystem, Western North America AN - 17721679; 4790150 AB - The North Cascades Ecosystem of Washington (USA) and British Columbia (Canada) still supports a community of large mammalian carnivores, although some species may be seriously threatened with extirpation. This paper provides a summary of information on the numbers of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos Merriam), gray wolf (Canis lupus Hall and Kelson), Canadian lynx (Lynx canadensis Kurten and Rausch), and wolverine (Gulo gulo Kurten and Rausch), and an overview of current conservation efforts in the North Cascades Ecosystem. Basic research on population status, distribution, habitat needs, and limiting factors is needed for many of these species, because limited field investigations have been conducted in the region. It may be appropriate to approach some research tasks, such as basic surveys and evaluation of habitat connectivity, using a multi-species approach. In addition, a multi-species approach may be appropriate to address conservation issues such as monitoring, human access, and prey species management. By raising the awareness of managers, scientists, and the public about these issues, we hope to recognize the opportunity to recover a full complement of native carnivores and a functioning ecosystem in the North Cascades Ecosystem. This is an opportunity that is becoming extremely limited on a global scale. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Gaines, W L AU - Singleton, P AU - Gold, AL AD - USDA Forest Service Wenatchee National Forest, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 366 EP - 375 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Brown bear KW - Gray wolf KW - Canadian Lynx KW - Canada, British Columbia KW - USA, Washington KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Carnivores KW - Gulo gulo KW - Conservation KW - Lynx canadensis KW - Ursus arctos KW - Canis lupus KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17721679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Conservation+of+Rare+Carnivores+in+the+North+Cascades+Ecosystem%2C+Western+North+America&rft.au=Gaines%2C+W+L%3BSingleton%2C+P%3BGold%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Gaines&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=366&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ursus arctos; Canis lupus; Lynx canadensis; Gulo gulo; Conservation; Carnivores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technological Advances in the Molecular Biology of Leptospira AN - 17721136; 4793594 AB - Pathogenic members of the genus Leptospira have been refractory to genetic study due to lack of known mechanisms of genetic exchange. To bypass this limitation, several techniques have been useful for Leptospira gene discovery, including heterologous complementation of Escherichia coli mutants, screening of DNA libraries with probes, and random sequence analysis. Construction of combined physical and genetic maps revealed the presence of two circular chromosomal replicons. The organization of the L. interrogans genome is quite variable, with genetically similar strains differentiated by many rearrangements. These rearrangements likely occur through recombination between repetitive DNA elements found scattered throughout the genome. Analysis of intervening sequences and genes encoding LPS biosynthetic enzymes provide evidence of lateral transfer of DNA between Leptospira spp. We have also gained insight into the biology of these bacteria by analyzing genes encoding LPS and outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Some of these OMPs are differentially expressed. Characterization of mechanisms governing the expression of the OMP genes should provide insight into host-parasite interactions. Furthermore, recent advances in heterologous expression of leptospiral OMP genes are opening new avenues of vaccine development. JF - Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Zuerner, R AU - Haake, D AU - Adler, B AU - Segers, R AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA, rzuerner@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 455 EP - 462 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1464-1801, 1464-1801 KW - heterologous expression KW - OMP gene KW - host-parasite interactions KW - omp gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Outer membranes KW - Leptospira KW - Membrane proteins KW - Repeated sequence KW - Recombination KW - Reviews KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Vaccines KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17721136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Technological+Advances+in+the+Molecular+Biology+of+Leptospira&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R%3BHaake%2C+D%3BAdler%2C+B%3BSegers%2C+R&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Molecular+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=14641801&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptospira; Reviews; Nucleotide sequence; Outer membranes; Membrane proteins; Lipopolysaccharides; Recombination; Repeated sequence; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The folic acid analogue methotrexate protects frog embryo cell membranes against damage by the potato glycoalkaloid alpha -chaconine AN - 17719275; 4789709 AB - As part of an effort to improve the safety of plant foods, a need exists to more clearly delineate the mechanisms of toxicities of glycoalkaloids, which may be present in Solanum plant species such as potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants. alpha -Chaconine is a major glycoalkaloid present in potatoes. To assess the possible influence of structure of pteridine derivatives on toxicity of potato glycoalkaloids, a previous study that demonstrated the protective effects of folic acid against the Solanum glycoalkaloid alpha -chaconine-induced toxicity on Xenopus laevis frog embryo cell membranes was extended to two folate analogues--a synthetic compound widely used as a therapeutic agent methotrexate, and naturally occurring L-monapterin. Adverse effects on embryos were evaluated by observing changes in membrane potentials with an electrochromic dye, di-4-ANEPPS, as a fluorescent probe for the integrity of the membranes. Methotrexate decreased alpha -chaconine-induced polarization, as did folic acid. This decrease may result from an alteration of membrane conformations that prevents the binding of the glycoalkaloid to the membrane receptor sites, and/or from effects on folic acid metabolism. In contrast, L-monapterin did not significantly reduce the alpha -chaconine-induced toxicity. The possible significance of these results to food safety is discussed. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - McWilliams, M L AU - Blankemeyer, J T AU - Friedman, M AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA, mfried@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 853 EP - 859 VL - 38 IS - 10 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - potato KW - African clawed frog KW - alpha -Chaconine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - a-Chaconine KW - Xenopus laevis KW - Alkaloids KW - Cell membranes KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Methotrexate KW - Embryos KW - Folic acid KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17719275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+folic+acid+analogue+methotrexate+protects+frog+embryo+cell+membranes+against+damage+by+the+potato+glycoalkaloid+alpha+-chaconine&rft.au=McWilliams%2C+M+L%3BBlankemeyer%2C+J+T%3BFriedman%2C+M&rft.aulast=McWilliams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Xenopus laevis; Alkaloids; Methotrexate; Cell membranes; Folic acid; Embryos ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial synchrony of spruce budworm outbreaks in Eastern North America AN - 17692085; 4777044 AB - We investigated the spatial synchrony of outbreaks of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, over much of its outbreak range in eastern North America during the period 1945-1988. Spatial synchrony decreased with distance between local populations and approached zero near 2000 km. Investigation of the synchrony of local population time series with cluster analysis revealed a pattern of geographically distinct blocks of clusters oriented along an east-west axis. Spatial synchrony also was identified in monthly temperature and precipitation time series at 18 weather stations over the same time period and geographical range as the spruce budworm outbreaks. Cross correlations decreased linearly with distance between stations and approached zero near 3000 km and 1800 km, respectively. We developed a spatially explicit lattice model for a single species occupying multiple patches. Within patches, the model had first order logistic dynamics, and patches were linked by dispersal that depended upon their separation distances. Both local and regional stochasticity (i.e., a Moran effect) were present. The modeled lattice had the same spatial configuration as the outbreak region to facilitate investigating the relative effects of a Moran effect and dispersal on spatial synchrony. Simulations with and without a simple region-wide Moran effect and three levels of dispersal did not produce the decrease in spatial synchrony with distance observed with spruce budworm time series. However, when ran at the highest dispersal rate, those simulations produced cluster maps similar to that observed for spruce budworm defoliation. Simulations with a spatially autocorrelated disturbance that had either zero, or high local variability and three levels of dispersal produced decreases in spatial synchrony with distance similar to that observed in the historical data. When run at the highest dispersal rate, simulations yielded cluster maps similar to the cluster map for defoliation. We discuss the potential significance of the spatially autocorrelated disturbance factor in understanding regional insect outbreaks. We also consider the plausibility of dispersal rates used in our simulations. We suggest in conclusion that spruce budworm outbreaks were synchronized by a combination of a spatially autocorrelated Moran effect and a high dispersal rate. JF - Ecology AU - Williams, D W AU - Liebhold, AM AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 200, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073, USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 2753 EP - 2766 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 81 IS - 10 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Leaf rollers KW - Spruce budworm KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Tortricidae KW - Synchronization KW - Choristoneura fumiferana KW - Population dynamics KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17692085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Spatial+synchrony+of+spruce+budworm+outbreaks+in+Eastern+North+America&rft.au=Williams%2C+D+W%3BLiebhold%2C+AM&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tortricidae; Choristoneura fumiferana; Pest outbreaks; Synchronization; Population dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cold shock and its effect on ribosomes and thermal tolerance in Listeria monocytogenes AN - 17642263; 4795327 AB - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fatty acid analysis were used to determine how cold shocking reduces the thermal stability of Listeria monocytogenes. Additionally, antibiotics that can elicit production of cold or heat shock proteins were used to determine the effect of translation blockage on ribosome thermal stability. Fatty acid profiles showed no significant variations as a result of cold shock, indicating that changes in membrane fatty acids were not responsible for the cold shock-induced reduction in thermal tolerance. Following a 3-h cold shock from 37 to 0 degree C, the maximum denaturation temperature of the 50S ribosomal subunit and 70S ribosomal particle peak was reduced from 73.4 plus or minus 0.1 degree C (mean plus or minus standard deviation) to 72.1 plus or minus 0.5 degree C (P less than or equal to 0.05), indicating that cold shock induced instability in the associated ribosome structure. The maximum denaturation temperature of the 30S ribosomal subunit peak did not show a significant shift in temperature (from 67.5 plus or minus 0.4 degree C to 66.8 plus or minus 0.5 degree C) as a result of cold shock, suggesting that either 50S subunit or 70S particle sensitivity was responsible for the intact ribosome fragility. Antibiotics that elicited changes in maximum denaturation temperature in ribosomal components also elicited reductions in thermotolerance. Together, these data suggest that ribosomal changes resulting from cold shock may be responsible for the decrease in D value observed when L. monocytogenes is cold shocked. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bayles, DO AU - Tunick, M H AU - Foglia, T A AU - Miller, A J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dbayles@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 4351 EP - 4355 VL - 66 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Denaturation KW - Heat tolerance KW - Antibiotics KW - Ribosomes KW - Fatty acids KW - Cold shock KW - J 02726:RNA and ribosomes KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17642263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cold+shock+and+its+effect+on+ribosomes+and+thermal+tolerance+in+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Bayles%2C+DO%3BTunick%2C+M+H%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Bayles&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.66.10.4351-4355.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Cold shock; Heat tolerance; Fatty acids; Ribosomes; Denaturation; Antibiotics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.10.4351-4355.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [ super(1)N, super(12)N]bis(ethyl)-cis-6, 7-dehydrospermine: a new drug for treatment and prevention of Cryptosporidium parvum infection of mice deficient in T-cell receptor alpha AN - 17637956; 4784081 AB - Cryptosporidium parvum infection of T-cell receptor alpha (TCR- alpha )-deficient mice results in a persistent infection. In this study, treatment with a polyamine analogue (SL-11047) prevented C. parvum infection in suckling TCR- alpha -deficient mice and cleared an existing infection in older mice. Treatment with putrescine, while capable of preventing infection, did not clear C. parvum from previously infected mice. These findings provide further evidence that polyamine metabolic pathways are targets for new anticryptosporidial chemotherapeutic agents. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Waters, W R AU - Frydman, B AU - Marton, L J AU - Valasinas, A AU - Reddy, V K AU - Harp, JA AU - Wannemuehler, MJ AU - Yarlett, N AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 2891 EP - 2894 VL - 44 IS - 10 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - mice KW - [@u1N,@@u12@N]bis(ethyl)-cis-6,7-dehydrospermine KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - [ super(1)N, super(12)N]bis(ethyl)-cis-6,7-dehydrospermine KW - bis(ethyl)-cis-dehydrospermine KW - dehydrospermine KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - ^AT-cell receptor KW - Antifungal agents KW - T-cell receptor KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Animal models KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - W3 33370:Antibiotics KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17637956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=%5B+super%281%29N%2C+super%2812%29N%5Dbis%28ethyl%29-cis-6%2C+7-dehydrospermine%3A+a+new+drug+for+treatment+and+prevention+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum+infection+of+mice+deficient+in+T-cell+receptor+alpha&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BFrydman%2C+B%3BMarton%2C+L+J%3BValasinas%2C+A%3BReddy%2C+V+K%3BHarp%2C+JA%3BWannemuehler%2C+MJ%3BYarlett%2C+N&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.44.10.2891-2894.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidium parvum; Animal models; Lymphocytes T; T-cell receptor; Antifungal agents; ^AT-cell receptor DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.44.10.2891-2894.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Low Viability on Infectivity of Beauveria bassiana Conidia toward the Silverleaf Whitefly AN - 17629764; 4771784 JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - James, R R AU - Jaronski, ST AD - USDA ARS NPARL, 1500 North Central Avenue, Sidney, MT 59270., rjames@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 227 EP - 228 PB - Academic Press VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - infection KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Conidia KW - Entomopathogenic fungi KW - Infection KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17629764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Low+Viability+on+Infectivity+of+Beauveria+bassiana+Conidia+toward+the+Silverleaf+Whitefly&rft.au=James%2C+R+R%3BJaronski%2C+ST&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjipa.2000.4954 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Beauveria bassiana; Infection; Conidia; Biological control; Entomopathogenic fungi DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2000.4954 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Long- and Short-Term Passage of Insect Cells in Different Culture Media on Baculovirus Replication AN - 17626484; 4771775 AB - Two insect cell lines that had been maintained in both serum-free (SFM) and serum-containing (SCM) media for over 5 years were each tested for their ability to replicate baculovirus. The gypsy moth cell line, IPLB-LdEIta (Ld), produced similar (not statistically different) amounts of gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) occlusion bodies (OBs) in the two media (serum-free Ex-Cell 400 and TC-100 with 9% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, SCM sub(1)) but produced more of the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) OBs in SFM than in SCM sub(1). When Ld cells normally grown in SCM sub(1) were switched to SFM, production of OBs from both viruses improved and, after three passages, reached higher levels of AcMNPV production than in cells normally maintained in that medium. Alternatively, cells switched from SFM to SCM sub(1) initially produced as much (in the case of LdMNPV) or higher (in the case of AcMNPV) levels of virus OBs than cells normally maintained in SCM sub(1) but productivity dropped off over subsequent passages such that after five passages in SCM sub(1), cells produced substantially fewer OBs of both viruses. A fall armyworm cell line (IPLB-SF21AE; Sf) showed slightly different effects from long- and short-term passage in SFM (Ex-Cell 400) or SCM sub(2) (TMN-FH). Cells maintained in SFM produced about 20 times more AcMNPV OBs than cells maintained long-term in SCM. Sf cells switched from SFM to SCM maintained the level of production of that seen in SFM at the first passage, but quickly dropped off OB production levels to that normally seen in SCM. Alternatively, SCM-maintained Sf cells produced higher levels at the first passage in SFM and, within five passages in SFM, reached levels found in cells maintained for long term in this medium. Under the conditions in which these two cell lines were infected, the highest levels of AcMNPV OB production in Ld cells were about five times that of Sf cells. In a separate series of experiments, cells normally grown in SFM were passaged over five times in Ex-Cell 400 to which serum was added; both cell lines produced as much virus as that in SFM. These results suggest that it is not the serum per se but rather some other components which differ between the SFM and the SCM formulations that are responsible for the varied virus production obtained in these studies. The results of these studies suggest that a maintenance and virus production protocol can be developed with Ld cells which could improve overall efficiency of virus production. These studies also suggest that long-term maintenance of cells in SFM was not detrimental to their ability to produce baculoviruses. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Lynn, DE AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, BARC-West, USDA/ARS, Building 011A, Room 214, Beltsville, 20705, Maryland, lynnd@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 164 EP - 168 PB - Academic Press VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Noctuid moths KW - Fall armyworm KW - Gypsy Moth KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Replication KW - Autographa californica KW - Cell culture KW - Cell lines KW - Noctuidae KW - Baculovirus KW - Media (culture) KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17626484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Long-+and+Short-Term+Passage+of+Insect+Cells+in+Different+Culture+Media+on+Baculovirus+Replication&rft.au=Lynn%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjipa.2000.4966 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Autographa californica; Noctuidae; Spodoptera frugiperda; Lymantria dispar; Baculovirus; Replication; Media (culture); Cell culture; Cell lines DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2000.4966 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of an RT-PCR diagnostic test for an avian astrovirus AN - 17625716; 4764935 AB - Astroviruses are small round viruses that cause enteric disease in the young of several species. Detection and diagnosis of astrovirus infection in non-human hosts relies heavily on electron microscopy and fluorescent antibody tests. Recently, our laboratory isolated and sequenced an avian astrovirus from poult enteritis mortality syndrome affected turkeys. These studies describe the development of RT-PCR methods, which specifically detect regions of the viral capsid and polymerase genes, and demonstrate their use in detecting astrovirus infection in commercial turkey flocks. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Koci, MD AU - Seal, B S AU - Schultz-Cherry, S AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 934 College Station Road, 30605 Athens, GA USA Y1 - 2000/10/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 01 SP - 79 EP - 83 PB - Elsevier VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - genes KW - Birds KW - turkeys KW - poult enteritis mortality syndrome KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Capsids KW - Poultry KW - Enteritis KW - Reverse transcription KW - Astrovirus KW - Diagnosis KW - RNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Electron microscopy KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17625716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+RT-PCR+diagnostic+test+for+an+avian+astrovirus&rft.au=Koci%2C+MD%3BSeal%2C+B+S%3BSchultz-Cherry%2C+S&rft.aulast=Koci&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-0934%2800%2900228-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Astrovirus; Reverse transcription; Polymerase chain reaction; Capsids; Enteritis; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; Diagnosis; Electron microscopy; Poultry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(00)00228-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent changes (1930s-1990s) in spatial patterns of interior northwest forests, USA AN - 17567266; 4747368 AB - We characterized recent historical and current vegetation composition and structure of a representative sample of subwatersheds on all ownerships within the interior Columbia River basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. For each selected subwatershed, we constructed historical and current vegetation maps from 1932 to 1966 and 1981 to 1993 aerial photos, respectively. Using the raw vegetation attributes, we classified and attributed cover types, structural classes, and potential vegetation types to individual patches within subwatersheds. We characterized change in vegetation spatial patterns using a suite of class and landscape metrics, and a spatial pattern analysis program. We then translated change in vegetation patterns to change in patterns of vulnerability to wildfires, smoke production, and 21 major forest pathogen and insect disturbances. Results of change analyses were reported for province-scale ecological reporting units (ERUs). Here, we highlight significant findings and discuss management implications.Twentieth century management activities significantly altered spatial patterns of physiognomies, cover types and structural conditions, and vulnerabilities to fire, insect, and pathogen disturbances. Forest land cover expanded in several ERUs, and woodland area expanded in most. Of all physiognomic conditions, shrubland area declined most due to cropland expansion, conversion to semi- and non-native herblands, and expansion of forests and woodlands. Shifts from early to late seral conifer species were evident in forests of most ERUs; patch sizes of forest cover types are now smaller, and current land cover is more fragmented. Landscape area in old multistory, old single story, and stand initiation forest structures declined with compensating increases in area and connectivity of dense, multilayered, intermediate forest structures. Patches with medium and large trees, regardless of their structural affiliation are currently less abundant on the landscape. Finally, basin forests are now dominated by shade-tolerant conifers, and exhibit elevated fuel loads and severe fire behavior attributes indicating expanded future roles of certain defoliators, bark beetles, root diseases, and stand replacement fires. Although well intentioned, 20th-century management practices did not account for landscape-scale patterns of living and dead vegetation that enable forest ecosystems to maintain their structure and organization through time, or for the disturbances that create and maintain them. Improved understanding of change in vegetation spatial patterns, causative factors, and links with disturbance processes will assist managers and policymakers in making informed decisions about how to address important ecosystem health issues. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hessburg, P F AU - Smith, B G AU - Salter, R B AU - Ottmar, R D AU - Alvarado, E AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1133 N. Western Ave., WA 98801 Wenatchee USA Y1 - 2000/10/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 01 SP - 53 EP - 83 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 136 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Community structure KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17567266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Recent+changes+%281930s-1990s%29+in+spatial+patterns+of+interior+northwest+forests%2C+USA&rft.au=Hessburg%2C+P+F%3BSmith%2C+B+G%3BSalter%2C+R+B%3BOttmar%2C+R+D%3BAlvarado%2C+E&rft.aulast=Hessburg&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900263-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community structure; Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00263-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suitability and use of the super(15)N-isotope dilution method to estimate nitrogen fixation by actinorhizal shrubs AN - 17566517; 4747369 AB - Nitrogen fixation rates were estimated by the super(15)N-isotope dilution method for Ceanothus velutinus and Purshia tridentata in the understory of central Oregon ponderosa pine forests. Field rates were measured in small pole-, large pole-, and sawtimber-sized pine stands using two shrubs (Arctostaphylos patula, Ribes cereum) and one graminoid (Carex rossii) as non-fixing reference species. Shrub cover ranged from 23 to 59% for Ceanothus and from 9 to 15% for Purshia. Foliage samples were collected monthly following two applications of super(15)N ammonium sulfate (5 kg N ha super(-1) at 10 atom% super(15)N) to compare N uptake patterns and determine the fraction of N derived from fixation (Ndff). Several violations of the underlying assumption of the isotope dilution method that N fixing and reference plants have access to similar pools of soil super(15)N were identified. These included non-uniform distribution of super(15)N in the soil profile and dissimilarities in rooting volumes, N uptake patterns, and plant ages between the reference and N fixing plants. Despite these compromises, there were only minor differences in percentage of Ndff when calculated independently using each reference species. Low super(15)N uptake by Ceanothus and Purshia evidently negated the requirement that N fixing and reference plants have comparable spatial and temporal access to soil super(15)N. Both Ceanothus and Purshia were highly effective, obtaining more than 80% of their N from fixation regardless of pine stand, shrub cover, or shrub age. Annual N fixation by Ceanothus ranged from 4 to 15 kg ha super(-1) year super(-1). This rate is lower than previously reported for Ceanothus in other ecosystems in the western United States, yet is sufficient to replace N losses from disturbances such as prescribed fire. Purshia fixed considerably less N, ca. 1 kg ha super(-1) year super(-1), roughly equivalent to the rate of atmospheric N deposition in central Oregon. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Busse, MD AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2400 Washington Ave., CA 96001 Redding USA Y1 - 2000/10/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 01 SP - 85 EP - 95 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 136 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Shrubs KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17566517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Suitability+and+use+of+the+super%2815%29N-isotope+dilution+method+to+estimate+nitrogen+fixation+by+actinorhizal+shrubs&rft.au=Busse%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Busse&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900264-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shrubs; Nitrogen fixation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00264-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Method To Estimate Migrant Shorebird Numbers On The Copper River Delta, Alaska AN - 17313805; 5975260 AB - We estimated the annual population of Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) and Dunlin (Calidris alpina pacifica) stopping over on the Copper River Delta during peak spring migration 1992-1995. Our calculations required four components: total daily shorebird numbers, the daily proportion of each species, average length of stay, and the detection probability. For the 21-d period 26 April-16 May, annual population estimates for Western Sandpiper ranged from 1.2-4.1 million birds per year. Dunlin estimates for this same period ranged from 0.3-0.9 million. For both species, numbers were highest in 1993 and lowest in 1994. Power analysis determined that 15 yr of aerial surveys are needed to detect a 10% decline in Western Sandpiper numbers. Based on the proportion of birds in the Pacific Flyway stopping over on the Copper River Delta, we estimated the Western Sandpiper Pacific Flyway population was >2.8 million in 1992 and >4.3 million in 1995. These data indicate that the Copper River Delta continues to support the largest spring concentration of shorebirds in the Western Hemisphere. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Bishop, MA AU - Meyers, P M AU - McNeley, P F AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 1460, Cordova, Alaska 99574 USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 627 EP - 637 PB - Association of Field Ornithologists VL - 71 IS - 4 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Dunlin KW - Western sandpiper KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Freshwater KW - D 04300:Aquatic ecosystems - general KW - Q1 01421:Migrations and rhythms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17313805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=A+Method+To+Estimate+Migrant+Shorebird+Numbers+On+The+Copper+River+Delta%2C+Alaska&rft.au=Bishop%2C+MA%3BMeyers%2C+P+M%3BMcNeley%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0273-8570%282000%290712.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0273-8570&volume=71&page=627 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0273-8570(2000)071<0627:AMTEMS>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rhodamine-Injected Eggs To Photographically Identify Small Nest-Predators AN - 17297766; 5975268 AB - Photographs that clearly disclose avian-nest predators are difficult to obtain, particularly when predators are small and exhibit subtle depredatory behavior. We exposed House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) eggs injected with Rhodamine B dye in camera-monitored ground nests for 12-d periods at 76 sites within mixed-hardwood forest stands in central Massachusetts, June-July 1997. Dye-injected eggs enabled us to recognize with certainty when eggs were breached at the nest because their contents were fluorescent pink and readily detected photographically. Eleven potential predator species were identified disturbing nests, of which eight were confirmed as predators. Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) were the most frequent predators detected, along with fisher (Martes pennanti), raccoon (Procyon lotor), Blue Jays (Cyanocitta cristata), Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), an Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), and a white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). White-footed mice were the most commonly detected species disturbing nests, but were photographed only once actually destroying an egg. The visual cue provided by dye-injected House Sparrow eggs confirmed depredatory behavior by eastern chipmunks, Black-capped Chickadees, an Eastern Towhee, and a white-footed mouse. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Maier, T J AU - DeGraaf, R M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 201 Holdsworth Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 USA Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 694 EP - 701 PB - Association of Field Ornithologists VL - 71 IS - 4 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17297766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Rhodamine-Injected+Eggs+To+Photographically+Identify+Small+Nest-Predators&rft.au=Maier%2C+T+J%3BDeGraaf%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=694&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0273-8570%282000%290712.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0273-8570&volume=71&page=694 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0273-8570(2000)071<0694:RIETPI>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global-scale patterns of forest fragmentation AN - 17915382; 5152751 AB - We report an analysis of forest fragmentation based on 1-km resolution land-cover maps for the globe. Measurements in analysis windows from 81 km 2 (9 x 9 pixels, "small" scale) to 59,049 km 2 (243 x 243 pixels, "large" scale) were used to characterize the fragmentation around each forested pixel. We identified six categories of fragmentation (interior, perforated, edge, transitional, patch, and undetermined) from the amount of forest and its occurrence as adjacent forest pixels. Interior forest exists only at relatively small scales; at larger scales, forests are dominated by edge and patch conditions. At the smallest scale, there were significant differences in fragmentation among continents; within continents, there were significant differences among individual forest types. Tropical rain forest fragmentation was most severe in North America and least severe in Europe-Asia. Forest types with a high percentage of perforated conditions were mainly in North America (five types) and Europe-Asia (four types), in both temperate and subtropical regions. Transitional and patch conditions were most common in 11 forest types, of which only a few would be considered as "naturally patchy" (e.g., dry woodland). The five forest types with the highest percentage of interior conditions were in North America; in decreasing order, they were cool rain forest, coniferous, conifer boreal, cool mixed, and cool broadleaf. JF - Conservation Ecology AU - Riitters, K AU - Wickham, J AU - O'Neill, R AU - Jones, B AU - Smith, E AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3041 Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 USA Y1 - 2000/09/29/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 29 SP - 3 PB - Resilience Alliance Inc. VL - 4 IS - 2 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - Patches KW - Forests KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Scaling KW - D 04120:Woodlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17915382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Ecology&rft.atitle=Global-scale+patterns+of+forest+fragmentation&rft.au=Riitters%2C+K%3BWickham%2C+J%3BO%27Neill%2C+R%3BJones%2C+B%3BSmith%2C+E&rft.aulast=Riitters&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-09-29&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Ecology&rft.issn=1195-5449&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Available at http://www.consecol.org/Journal/vol4/iss2/art3. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scaling; Habitat fragmentation; Forests; Patches; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of a reverse transcriptase multiplex PCR test for the serotype determination of U.S. isolates of bluetongue virus AN - 17722294; 4784398 AB - Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease affecting ruminants primarily in tropical and temperate regions of the world. Of the 24 serotypes of BT virus (BTV) identified worldwide, five have been found in the United States. Serotype identification of BTV isolates is important to the epidemiology of the virus, but current methods are cumbersome. A single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay, previously developed for the serotype determination of U.S. BTV isolates, was evaluated. The determination of serotype was based on the size of the resultant amplified product. The procedure was evaluated using all 24 serotypes of BTV and nine serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), a closely related orbivirus. Only the five U.S. serotypes of BTV were detected by the mRT-PCR. The assay was further tested using 132 BTV isolates originating from 24 western and southern states of the United States, from several different host species, spanning a period of 24 years. The serotypes of the isolates were determined by both a virus neutralization (VN) procedure and the mRT-PCR. Comparison of the mRT-PCR to the standard VN showed that the mRT-PCR successfully identified the serotypes of 130 of the isolates and was shown to be more reliable and specific than the VN assay. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Johnson, D J AU - Wilson, W C AU - Paul, P S AD - National Veterinary Services Laboratories, P.O. Box 844, Ames, IA 50010, USA, donna.j.johnson@usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09/25/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 25 SP - 105 EP - 115 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - USA KW - ruminants KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Assays KW - Serotyping KW - Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus KW - Bluetongue KW - Bluetongue virus KW - RNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22010:Virus taxonomy & classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17722294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Validation+of+a+reverse+transcriptase+multiplex+PCR+test+for+the+serotype+determination+of+U.S.+isolates+of+bluetongue+virus&rft.au=Johnson%2C+D+J%3BWilson%2C+W+C%3BPaul%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-09-25&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus; Bluetongue virus; Bluetongue; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; Serotyping; Assays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of jasmonic acid and its methylester on in vitro microtuberisation of three food yam (Dioscorea) species AN - 17689355; 4770961 AB - The effects of jasmonic acid (JA) applied in the medium and its methylester (MeJA) applied either in the medium or as a vapour, on shoot growth and microtuber formation were evaluated in three important food yam species (Dioscorea alata,D. cayenensis, andD. rotundata). Single nodes with leaves, derived from in vitro-multiplied material, were used as explants. When delivered at higher concentrations (10 or 50 mu m) both JA and MeJA suppressed node formation. Microtuberisation was supported in all three species by adding either JA or MeJA to the medium. Significant promotory effects were observed only when photoperiod, salt compositions and sucrose concentrations known to favour microtuberisation processes in yams were used. MeJA applied as a vapour strongly inhibited microtuber differentiation inD. alata on all media tested but inD. rotundata andD. cayenensis yams MeJA, also applied in the vapour phase, exhibited slight promotory effects on microtuberisation. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Jasik, J AU - Mantell, SH AD - Department of Plant Physiology, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B2, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia, jasik@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2000/09/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 15 SP - 863 EP - 867 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 19 IS - 9 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - jasmonic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Dioscorea cayenensis KW - Leaves KW - Tubers KW - Dioscorea rotundata KW - Dioscorea alata KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17689355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Effects+of+jasmonic+acid+and+its+methylester+on+in+vitro+microtuberisation+of+three+food+yam+%28Dioscorea%29+species&rft.au=Jasik%2C+J%3BMantell%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Jasik&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-09-15&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=863&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dioscorea alata; Dioscorea cayenensis; Dioscorea rotundata; Tubers; Leaves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation, identification, and accumulation of 2-acetamidophenol in liquid cultures of the wheat take-all biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 AN - 17686483; 4770607 AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 2-79 (NRRL B-15132) is a classic biological control agent known to produce phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) as its primary means of suppressing take-all disease of wheat. In addition to PCA, an unknown metabolite was discovered in a liquid culture used to produce the biocontrol agent. The objective of the current study was to isolate, identify, and evaluate the accumulation of this compound in production cultures. Upon centrifugal fractionation of a production culture, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analyses of extracts of the cells and cell-free supernatant indicated the compound to be primarily in the supernatant. Purified compound was obtained by extraction of culture supernatant, followed by flash chromatography of the extract and preparative TLC. The super(1)H and super(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance and electron impact mass spectra indicated the compound to be 2-acetamidophenol (AAP). Measured by reversed-phase HPLC, the accumulations of AAP and PCA in cultures of strain 2-79 reached 0.05 g/l and 1 g/l, respectively. The accumulations of AAP and PCA in liquid cultures were linearly correlated (P 0.001), as shown by studies of cultures stimulated to yield varying levels of PCA by controlling levels of oxygen transfer, pH, and growth medium composition. In this study, oxygen limitation, a defined amino-acid-free medium, and neutral pH stimulated maximal production of both AAP and PCA. Furthermore, a transposon mutant of 2-79 [2A40 2-79 (phz-)] unable to produce PCA did not accumulate AAP. These findings indicate that AAP and PCA are likely to share a common segment of biosynthetic pathway. This is the first report of AAP production by a strain of P. fluorescens. Possible routes of AAP production are discussed relative to current knowledge of the phenazine biosynthetic pathway of strain 2-79. The pertinence of AAP to the design of commercial seed inoculants of phenazine-producing bacteria for controlling wheat take-all is also considered. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Slininger, P J AU - Burkhead, K D AU - Schisler, DA AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, slininpj@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 15 SP - 376 EP - 381 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - 2-acetamidophenol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Take-all KW - Liquid culture KW - N.M.R. KW - Thin-layer chromatography KW - A 01014:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17686483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Isolation%2C+identification%2C+and+accumulation+of+2-acetamidophenol+in+liquid+cultures+of+the+wheat+take-all+biocontrol+agent+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+2-79&rft.au=Slininger%2C+P+J%3BBurkhead%2C+K+D%3BSchisler%2C+DA%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Slininger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-09-15&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas fluorescens; Triticum aestivum; Liquid culture; Biological control; N.M.R.; Thin-layer chromatography; Take-all ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transpiration and whole-tree conductance in ponderosa pine trees of different heights AN - 17677930; 4770145 AB - Changes in leaf physiology with tree age and size could alter forest growth, water yield, and carbon fluxes. We measured tree water flux (Q) for 14 ponderosa pine trees in two size classes (12 m tall and ~40 years old, and 36 m tall and ~ 290 years old) to determine if transpiration (E) and whole-tree conductance (gt) differed between the two sizes of trees. For both size classes, E was approximately equal to Q measured 2 m above the ground: Q was most highly correlated with current, not lagged, water vapor pressure deficit, and night Q was 12% of total daily flux. E for days 165-195 and 240-260 averaged 0.97 mmol m super(-2) (leaf area, projected) s super(-1) for the 12-m trees and 0.57 mmol m super(-2) (leaf area) s super(-1) for the 36-m trees. When photosynthetically active radiation (IP) exceeded the light saturation for photosynthesis in ponderosa pine (900 mu mol m super(-2) (ground) s super(-1)), differences in E were more pronounced: 2.4 mmol m super(-2) (leaf area) s super(-1) for the 12-m trees and 1.2 mmol m super(-2) s super(-1) for the 36-m trees, yielding gt of 140 mmol m super(-2) (leaf area) s super(-1) for the 12-m trees and 72 mmol m super(-2) s super(-1) for the 36-m trees. Extrapolated to forests with leaf area index =1, the 36-m trees would transpire 117 mm between 1 June and 31 August compared to 170 mm for the 12-m trees, a difference of 15% of average annual precipitation. Lower gt in the taller trees also likely lowers photosynthesis during the growing season. JF - Oecologia AU - Ryan, M G AU - Bond, B J AU - Law, B E AU - Hubbard, R M AU - Woodruff, D AU - Cienciala, E AU - Kucera, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect RD, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, mryan@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2000/09/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 15 SP - 553 EP - 560 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 124 IS - 4 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Water use KW - Age KW - Growth KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Forests KW - Transpiration KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17677930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Transpiration+and+whole-tree+conductance+in+ponderosa+pine+trees+of+different+heights&rft.au=Ryan%2C+M+G%3BBond%2C+B+J%3BLaw%2C+B+E%3BHubbard%2C+R+M%3BWoodruff%2C+D%3BCienciala%2C+E%3BKucera%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-09-15&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Transpiration; Water use; Forests; Growth; Age ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial scale and the detection of density dependence in spruce budworm outbreaks in eastern North America AN - 17628044; 4770144 AB - Using two tests for direct density dependence and standard techniques of time series analysis, we identified density dependence in defoliation time series of the spruce budworm across its outbreak range in eastern North America over the years 1945-1988. We carried out analyses for the entire region and for grid cells of defoliation maps at five spatial scales created by aggregating the smallest grid cells. The rate of detection of direct density dependence, as assessed by two previously published methods, decreased with increasing spatial scale. Using both methods, density dependence was detected more frequently at the periphery of the outbreak range, where defoliation rate was lower. This result suggested that density-dependent regulation may be stronger in those areas. The first order autoregressive process was the basic model for defoliation dynamics overall and the most common model across spatial scales. Second-order processes were encountered much less frequently, and those commonly identified as resulting from delayed density dependence generally occurred across spatial scales at a rate expected by chance alone. Our results were similar to those of other published studies, which have found the detection of density dependence to decrease at larger spatial scales. The results also reinforced the importance of considering spatial scale when diagnosing population processes using time series of abundance for single species. JF - Oecologia AU - Williams, D W AU - Liebhold, AM AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 200, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA, dwwilliams@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/09/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 15 SP - 544 EP - 552 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 124 IS - 4 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Leaf rollers KW - Spruce budworm KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Tortricidae KW - Spatial distribution KW - Density dependence KW - Choristoneura fumiferana KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17628044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Spatial+scale+and+the+detection+of+density+dependence+in+spruce+budworm+outbreaks+in+eastern+North+America&rft.au=Williams%2C+D+W%3BLiebhold%2C+AM&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-09-15&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=544&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tortricidae; Choristoneura fumiferana; Pest outbreaks; Density dependence; Spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A DNA vaccine encoding a conserved Eimeria protein induces protective immunity against live Eimeria acervulina challenge AN - 17620966; 4767800 AB - Coccidiosis is caused by several distinct intestinal protozoa of Eimeria sp., and is responsible for intestinal lesions and severe body weight loss in chickens. To develop a DNA vaccination strategy for coccidiosis, an expression vector pMP13 encoding a conserved antigen of Eimeria was constructed by subcloning 3-1E cDNA into pBK-CMV and used to elicit protective immunity against E. acervulina. One-day-old chickens were immunized intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously (SC) with various doses of pMP13 expression vector ranging from 5 to 100 ug two weeks apart and were challenged with 5 x 10 super(3) E. acervulina. Chickens immunized with 5, 10, 50 or 100 ug of pMP13 plasmid, but not control plasmid, pBK-CMV, showed significantly reduced oocysts following challenge infection with E. acervulina. Two injections were in general more effective than one injection with higher dose of DNA eliciting better protection. At 10 days post challenge infection, maximum levels of circulating antibodies were detected regardless of the routes of injection, although IM injection provided higher levels of serum antibodies compared to SC injection. Serum antibody levels demonstrated a dose-dependent response showing higher antibody production at higher DNA dose. DNA immunization with pMP13 also induced significant changes in T-cell subpopulations in the spleen and duodenum intraepithelial lymphocytes. At 4 days post DNA immunization, pMP13-immunized chickens showed lower CD8, and higher CD4 super(+) and gamma delta T super(+) cells in the duodenum compared to the pBK-CMV-immunized chickens. Following challenge infection with E. acervulina, pMP13-immunized chickens showed lower CD8 super(+) and alpha beta T super(+) cells, and higher CD4 super(+) cells than pBK-CMV-immunized chickens in the duodenum. These findings demonstrate that DNA immunization with pMP13 induce local and systemic host immune responses against Eimeria. JF - Vaccine AU - Song, K D AU - Lillehoj, H S AU - Choi, K D AU - Yun, CH AU - Parcells AU - Huynh, J T AU - Han, J Y AD - Immunology & Disease Resistance Laboratory, Livestock & Poultry Science Institute, USDA-ARS, BARC-East, Build 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, hlilleho@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 15 SP - 243 EP - 252 VL - 19 IS - 2-3 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - chickens KW - immunology KW - Eimeria acervulina KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Coccidiosis KW - Immunity KW - Antibody response KW - Immunization KW - Expression vectors KW - DNA vaccines KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Proteins KW - Immune response KW - Vaccines KW - K 03086:Immunology & vaccination KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17620966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=A+DNA+vaccine+encoding+a+conserved+Eimeria+protein+induces+protective+immunity+against+live+Eimeria+acervulina+challenge&rft.au=Song%2C+K+D%3BLillehoj%2C+H+S%3BChoi%2C+K+D%3BYun%2C+CH%3BParcells%3BHuynh%2C+J+T%3BHan%2C+J+Y&rft.aulast=Song&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-09-15&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eimeria acervulina; DNA vaccines; Vaccines; Coccidiosis; Expression vectors; Antibody response; Lymphocytes T; Immunization; Immunity; Proteins; Immune response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning of a sugar utilization gene cluster in Aspergillus parasiticus. AN - 72245538; 10978525 AB - At one end of the 70 kb aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway gene cluster in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus reported earlier, we have cloned a group of four genes that constitute a well-defined gene cluster related to sugar utilization in A. parasiticus: (1) sugR, (2) hxtA, (3) glcA and (4) nadA. No similar well-defined sugar gene cluster has been reported so far in any other related Aspergillus species such as A. flavus, A. nidulans, A. sojae, A. niger, A. oryzae and A. fumigatus. The expression of the hxtA gene, encoding a hexose transporter protein, was found to be concurrent with the aflatoxin pathway cluster genes, in aflatoxin-conducive medium. This is significant since a close linkage between the two gene clusters could potentially explain the induction of aflatoxin biosynthesis by simple sugars such as glucose or sucrose. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., 70179, New Orleans, LA, USA. jiuyu@commserver.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09/07/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 07 SP - 211 EP - 214 VL - 1493 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Carbohydrates KW - Monosaccharide Transport Proteins KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - NADH oxidase KW - EC 1.6.- KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases KW - Glucosidases KW - EC 3.2.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Glucosidases -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Glycolysis KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Carbohydrates -- genetics KW - Carbohydrate Metabolism KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Multigene Family KW - Monosaccharide Transport Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72245538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Cloning+of+a+sugar+utilization+gene+cluster+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-09-07&rft.volume=1493&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Density and dose: factors affecting mortality of Streptococcus iniae infected tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) AN - 17598738; 4735407 AB - Fish density and infectious dose have been suspected to affect the mortality rate of cultured fish exposed to Streptococcus iniae. We determined the effects of S. iniae dose and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) density on streptococcal disease mortality. Tilapia with a mean weight of 12.7 g were used and maintained at 25 plus or minus 1 degree C in aquaria supplied with flow-through water at 0.5 l/min with a 12 h light:12 h dark cycle. Density and dose were evaluated by stocking tilapia at low (5.6 g/l), medium (11.2 g/l) and high (22.4 g/l) density and administering 2.5 x 10 super(7), 5 x 10 super(7) and 1 x 10 super(8) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml of S. iniae by immersion (5 tanks per density and dose, 45 total tanks). Mortality was monitored for 28 days post challenge. A significant difference (P<0.05) was seen in mortality when comparing low (4.8%) and medium (28.4%) and low and high (25.6%) density treatments. No significant difference was observed when comparing medium- and high-density treatments. Two-way analysis of variance demonstrated density had a significant effect on S. iniae mortality (P=0.0001). Doses had little effect on mortality, except at high density by dose which did show a significant interaction (P=0.001). We have demonstrated density has a significant effect on streptococcal disease mortality in tilapia exposed to S. iniae by immersion. We also evaluated infection of susceptible tilapia using dead/moribund S. iniae infected fish (i.e., cohabitation by placing five dead /moribund fish into tanks for 48 h). No significant difference in mortality pattern was observed between immersion in 8.6 x 10 super(7) CFU/ml S. iniae (37.6% and 34.6%) and cohabitation with S. iniae infected tilapia (24.0%). Although, densities used were less than in most water-reuse production systems (30-290 g/l), tilapia density of 11.2 g/l and above was an important factor in mortality of tilapia infected with S. iniae. A health-management strategy would be to reduce fish density thus lowering streptococcal disease mortality. JF - Aquaculture AU - Shoemaker, CA AU - Evans, J J AU - Klesius, PH AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, PO Box 0952, 36831 Auburn, AL USA Y1 - 2000/09/05/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 05 SP - 229 EP - 235 PB - Elsevier VL - 188 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - fish density KW - fish diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Mortality KW - Stocking density KW - Fish diseases KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Disease control KW - Streptococcus iniae KW - Pathogens KW - Freshwater KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17598738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Density+and+dose%3A+factors+affecting+mortality+of+Streptococcus+iniae+infected+tilapia+%28Oreochromis+niloticus%29&rft.au=Shoemaker%2C+CA%3BEvans%2C+J+J%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2000-09-05&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stocking density; Mortality; Pathogenic bacteria; Fish diseases; Disease control; Pathogens; Streptococcus iniae; Oreochromis niloticus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of single and combined Streptococcus iniae isolate vaccine administered by intraperitoneal and intramuscular routes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) AN - 17598134; 4735408 AB - We evaluated the effectiveness of Streptococcus iniae vaccines prepared from formalin-killed cells and concentrated extracellular products (greater than 2 kDa) of a single isolate of S. iniae (ARS-10) and a combination of ARS-10+ARS-60 S. iniae isolates in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, for the prevention of streptococcal disease. Two routes of administration, intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injection, were evaluated for vaccine efficacy. Tilapia were vaccinated by i.p. or i.m. injection of the vaccine or tryptic soy broth (control) and challenged by i.p. injection with 1 x 10 super(8) colony-forming units of S. iniae 30 days post-immunization. Tilapia i.p. immunized with ARS-10 vaccine and challenged with the homologous isolate (ARS-10) had a relative percent survival (RPS) of 45.6%. Tilapia i.p. immunized with ARS-10 vaccine and challenged with a heterologous isolate (ARS-60) had an RPS of 93.7%. In contrast, we found that the RPS was 17.7% in tilapia i.m. immunized with the ARS-10 vaccine and challenged with the same isolate, ARS-10. Heterologous (ARS-60) isolate challenge resulted in an RPS of 59.5%. However, the i.m. administration of a vaccine combining the ARS-10+ARS-60 isolates provided an RPS of 63.1 against ARS-10 isolate and RPS of 87.3% against ARS-60 isolate in comparison to RPS of 17.7 and 59.5 against ARS-10 and -60 isolates provided by the single isolate ARS-10 vaccine. Vaccination significantly reduced abnormal behavior and morphology. We found a highly significant (P<0.01) negative correlation between the behavioral and morphological score and RPS. Serologic evaluation revealed that both i.p. and i.m. immunizations stimulated significant (P<0.05) antibody titers in comparison to the non-immunized tilapia. Significantly (P<0.05) increased antibody titers were also produced by i.m. immunization of the combined ARS-10+ARS-60 vaccine. Administration of the single isolate ARS-10 vaccine by i.m. injection was marginally protective in preventing streptococcal disease caused by homologous and heterologous isolates of S. iniae. The variability seen in the protective ability of a single S. iniae isolate vaccine indicates that antigenic heterogeneity exist in S. iniae. Recognition of this antigenic variability is very important to development of efficacious streptococcal vaccines. Thus, this research suggests that efficacious vaccines, that may be administered by either i.p. or i.m. injection, are dependent on the antigenic composition of the S. iniae. JF - Aquaculture AU - Klesius, PH AU - Shoemaker, CA AU - Evans, J J AD - USDA, ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, P.O. Box 952, 36830 Auburn, AL USA Y1 - 2000/09/05/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 05 SP - 237 EP - 246 PB - Elsevier VL - 188 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - fish culture KW - fish diseases KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Fish diseases KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Disease control KW - Streptococcus iniae KW - Vaccines KW - Freshwater KW - Vaccination KW - Fish culture KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - Q4 27360:Vaccines KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17598134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+single+and+combined+Streptococcus+iniae+isolate+vaccine+administered+by+intraperitoneal+and+intramuscular+routes+in+tilapia+%28Oreochromis+niloticus%29&rft.au=Klesius%2C+PH%3BShoemaker%2C+CA%3BEvans%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Klesius&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=2000-09-05&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pathogenic bacteria; Fish diseases; Disease control; Vaccination; Fish culture; Vaccines; Streptococcus iniae; Oreochromis niloticus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the three ribosomal RNA operons rrnA, rrnB, and rrnC, from Brucella melitensis AN - 17560590; 4754082 AB - The three Brucella melitensis ribosomal RNA operons rrnA, rrnB, and rrnC were characterized individually. Each locus consisted of the 16S rRNA gene (rrs), followed by an intergenic spacer containing the tRNA-Ile and tRNA-Ala genes, the 23S rRNA gene (rrl), an intergenic spacer devoid of tRNA genes, the 5S rRNA gene (rrf), and an f-Met tRNA gene. The DNA sequences were identical over a 6271 bp region, diverging 594 bp upstream of rrs and immediately downstream of the f-Met tRNA gene. The previously uncharacterized 23S rRNA genes each contained a 178 bp insertion 130 bp from the 5' end. The location of the insertion matched intervening sequences (IVSs) found in other Rhizobiaceae. However, the size and sequence of the Brucella IVS differed from all previously reported IVS sequences from bacteria. The IVS region was PCR-amplified from 20 Brucella isolates representing all known Brucella species and biovars. All isolates contained only the complete IVS fragment. We compared the IVS DNA sequences of rrlC from representative strains of each of the six known Brucella species. The data revealed that the sequences were identical and differed from the B. melitensis IVS sequences by a single base pair. In other bacterial species, the IVSs are associated with post-transcriptional processing of the 23S rRNA by RNase III. We found that the Brucella 23S rRNA was slightly smaller than the 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli, known to be devoid of IVS sequences. JF - Gene AU - Bricker, B J AD - National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA USA Y1 - 2000/09/05/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 05 SP - 117 EP - 126 PB - Elsevier VL - 255 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - rrnA operon KW - rrnB operon KW - rrnC operon KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Spacer region KW - rRNA 23S KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Brucella melitensis KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02726:RNA and ribosomes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17560590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+three+ribosomal+RNA+operons+rrnA%2C+rrnB%2C+and+rrnC%2C+from+Brucella+melitensis&rft.au=Bricker%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Bricker&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-09-05&rft.volume=255&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella melitensis; Nucleotide sequence; rRNA 23S; Spacer region ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mosquito larvicidal activity of pipernonaline, a piperidine alkaloid derived from long pepper, Piper longum. AN - 72415193; 11081654 AB - A methanol extract of Piper longum fruit was found to be active against mosquito larvae of Culex pipiens pallens at 10 microg/ml after 24 h. A piperidine alkaloid, pipernonaline, was found to be responsible for this activity, with the 24-h median lethal dose (LD50) value for this compound being 0.21 mg/liter. The LD50 value of pipernonaline was not much higher than those for the 3 organophosphorous insecticides malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and pirimiphos-methyl, used for comparative purpose in this study. Structural elucidation of pipernonaline was by means of mass spectrometry (1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance imaging). JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Lee, S E AD - Plant Protection Research Unit, WRRC, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA 94710, USA. Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 245 EP - 247 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Cholinesterase Reactivators KW - Insecticides KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - Piperidines KW - pipernonaline KW - pirimiphos methyl KW - 29232-93-7 KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - chlorpyrifos-methyl KW - O49S38267J KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Larva KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Culex KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Chlorpyrifos -- analogs & derivatives KW - Capsicum UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72415193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Mosquito+larvicidal+activity+of+pipernonaline%2C+a+piperidine+alkaloid+derived+from+long+pepper%2C+Piper+longum.&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability of deoxynivalenol measurements in barley. AN - 72357335; 11048870 AB - Deoxynivalenol (DON), a toxin produced by Fusarium fungi, can occur in many cereal grains. If wet climatic conditions coincide with the flowering period of plant development, circumstances are favorable for the fungi infection. Because the presence of DON in barley can have significant economic consequences to barley producers, commercially available test kits are used to measure DON in shipments throughout marketing channels. The quantity of barley sampled from a lot and used to measure DON can vary widely, depending on where the test is conducted. The Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture specifies that a minimum of 100 g of grain must be processed to measure DON. Other laboratories may use more or less grain. A study undertaken to measure the variability among measurements of different sample sizes found no detectable differences in variability attributable to sample size. It was concluded that the variability among DON concentrations in samples from the lot was small relative to that introduced by the measurement process (combined sample preparation and analysis). A separate experiment investigated variation among samples taken from a lot, variation among subsamples taken from ground samples, and variation among multiple replicated measurements of an extract. On 10 lots, all 3 sources were significant contributors to variation. Stratification of DON within lots was hypothesized as a source of variation of DON measurements. Tests indicated that some stratification may exist. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Freese, L AU - Friedrich, R AU - Kendall, D AU - Tanner, S AD - US Department of Argiculture, Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration, Technical Services Division, Kansas City, MO 64153-1394, USA. PY - 2000 SP - 1259 EP - 1263 VL - 83 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Solutions KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Standards KW - Selection Bias KW - Research Design KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Hordeum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72357335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Variability+of+deoxynivalenol+measurements+in+barley.&rft.au=Freese%2C+L%3BFriedrich%2C+R%3BKendall%2C+D%3BTanner%2C+S&rft.aulast=Freese&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apoptosis in cultured midgut cells from heliothis virescens larvae exposed to various conditions. AN - 72311267; 11015120 AB - We exposed midgut cells from primary cultures of Heliothis virescens larvae to cell-free previously used medium, the Vaughn X and HyQ SFtrade mark media used for serum-free culture of insect cell lines which do not support H. virescens midgut cells, and to toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. A statistically significant increase in the percent of dying cells was counted in cell populations in Vaughn X medium. Use of the TUNEL method to detect apoptosis indicated a low rate (7.2%) of apoptosis in control cultures grown in Heliothis medium, an increase to approximately 20% in previously used and HyQ SFtrade mark media, and to approximately 45% of cells remaining after exposure to and initial destruction by B. thuringiensis toxin. Apoptotic nuclei were predominant (approximately 6%) in mature columnar cells in control cultures. Approximately 1% of goblet, stem, and differentiating cells were apoptotic. However, apoptosis rose to 12% in stem and differentiating cells exposed to used and unsuitable medium. B. thuringiensis exposure to toxin for 2-3 days resulted in visible membrane damage and necrosis, causing the death of 84% of the cells as measured by both the TUNEL and Annexin methods. Some of the columnar cells and stem and differentiating cells that remained also contained apoptotic nuclei. Stem and differentiating cells normally replace dying mature cells in the midgut. Thus, exposure of cultures of H. virescens midgut cells to adverse environments such as unsuitable or poisonous media appeared to induce down-regulation of the cell populations by apoptosis. JF - Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology AU - Loeb, M J AU - Hakim, R S AU - Martin, P AU - Narang, N AU - Goto, S AU - Takeda, M AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland. Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 12 EP - 23 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0739-4462, 0739-4462 KW - Annexin A5 KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Index Medicus KW - In Situ Nick-End Labeling KW - Digestive System -- cytology KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Larva KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Moths -- cytology KW - Apoptosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72311267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+insect+biochemistry+and+physiology&rft.atitle=Apoptosis+in+cultured+midgut+cells+from+heliothis+virescens+larvae+exposed+to+various+conditions.&rft.au=Loeb%2C+M+J%3BHakim%2C+R+S%3BMartin%2C+P%3BNarang%2C+N%3BGoto%2C+S%3BTakeda%2C+M&rft.aulast=Loeb&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+insect+biochemistry+and+physiology&rft.issn=07394462&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation of rat splenic macrophage and lymphocyte functions by fumonisin B1. AN - 72286244; 10996037 AB - Fumonisins represent a family of toxic, structurally related metabolites produced by fungi that are found in corn worldwide. We investigated the effects of the mycotoxin, fumonisin B(1), on rat splenic macrophage and lymphocyte functions. Pretreatment (24 h) of resident macrophages with fumonisin B(1) (1, 10, and 100 microg/ml) significantly (p<0.01) stimulated nitric oxide production (0.48, 2. 60, and 4.40 nmol nitrite/well, respectively), compared with the response of untreated macrophages (no nitrite detected), after 72 h of culture. Fumonisin B(1) (1 and 10 microg/ml) and IFN-gamma acted in an additive manner to activate nitric oxide production. The response of IFN-gamma (50 U/ml)-activated macrophages (1.68 nmol nitrite/well) was potentiated (3.52, 4.96, and 4.44 nmol nitrite/well) by fumonisin B(1) (1, 10, and 100 microg/ml, respectively). In addition, fumonisin B(1) significantly (p<0.05) potentiated Con A (1.25 to 5 microg/ml) (1.46- to 2.62-fold increases)- and antiTCR, IL-2 or antiTCR+IL-2 (1.72- to 2.60-fold increases)-induced proliferation of splenic cells in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA). These results show two distinct and separate effects of fumonisin B(1): it induces nitric oxide production by macrophages and it stimulates T cell proliferation. JF - Immunopharmacology AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, M A AU - Gomez-Flores, R AU - Weber, R J AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3902, USA. dombrink@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 401 EP - 409 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0162-3109, 0162-3109 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Immune Sera KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell KW - Concanavalin A KW - 11028-71-0 KW - omega-N-Methylarginine KW - 27JT06E6GR KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - T-Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- immunology KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - Interleukin-2 -- physiology KW - Rats KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cell Division -- immunology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - omega-N-Methylarginine -- pharmacology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Concanavalin A -- pharmacology KW - Immune Sera -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Macrophage Activation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72286244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Activation+of+rat+splenic+macrophage+and+lymphocyte+functions+by+fumonisin+B1.&rft.au=Dombrink-Kurtzman%2C+M+A%3BGomez-Flores%2C+R%3BWeber%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Dombrink-Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Immunopharmacology&rft.issn=01623109&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of aflatoxin in pistachios. 7. Sequential sampling. AN - 72271548; 10995364 AB - Sequential sampling for aflatoxin testing in pistachios is evaluated using the aflatoxin distribution and Monte Carlo results previously obtained (J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 3771-3775). The sequential protocol is modeled on the current EU test protocol by applying a three-step sampling, using 10, 20, and 30 kg sample averages. An acceptance level of 15 ng/g of total aflatoxin, under consideration for U.S. standards, is applied. Optimization leads to indifference regions of 2-30 ng/g for the first two steps. The resulting OC curve approximates that for a single 50 kg sample. The sequential protocol is applied to the results for a set of 1293 lots of the 1998 crop year, each tested with a single 10 kg sample. Ninety-five percent of the lots would have been accepted on the basis of the single test and 1.5% would have been rejected, whereas 3.5% of the lots would have required retesting. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Schatzki, T F AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 4365 EP - 4368 VL - 48 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Nuts -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72271548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+aflatoxin+in+pistachios.+7.+Sequential+sampling.&rft.au=Schatzki%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Schatzki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of aflatoxin production by naphthoquinones of walnut (Juglans regia). AN - 72270574; 10995372 AB - Walnuts are a valuable crop the sale and export potential of which may be severely limited by contamination with aflatoxins, metabolites produced on infection with Aspergillus flavus. The effect of a series of four naphthoquinones [1,4-naphthoquinone (1); juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) (2); 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone (3); and, plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone) (4)] (Figure 1), which occur in walnut husks, on fungal viability and aflatoxigenesis was studied in vitro. The quinones delayed germination of the fungus and were capable of completely inhibiting growth at higher concentrations. Their effect on aflatoxin levels was highly dependent on the concentration of individual naphthoquinones in the media. At higher concentrations, aflatoxin production was decreased or completely inhibited, but at lower concentrations there was a stimulatory effect on aflatoxin biosynthesis, with a >3-fold increase at 20 ppm of 3. Structural features associated with decreased fungal viability and greatest effect on aflatoxigenesis are the presence of a 5-hydroxyl or 2-methyl substituent, but there is no significant additive effect when both of these substituents are present. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Mahoney, N AU - Molyneux, R J AU - Campbell, B C AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 4418 EP - 4421 VL - 48 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Naphthoquinones KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Naphthoquinones -- pharmacology KW - Nuts -- chemistry KW - Aflatoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Naphthoquinones -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72270574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+aflatoxin+production+by+naphthoquinones+of+walnut+%28Juglans+regia%29.&rft.au=Mahoney%2C+N%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BCampbell%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Mahoney&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue analysis of cotton defoliant, herbicide, and insecticide residues in water by solid-phase extraction and GC-NPD, GC-MS, and HPLC-diode array detection. AN - 72269882; 10995322 AB - A multiresidue procedure was developed for analysis of cotton pesticide and harvest-aid chemicals in water using solid-phase extraction and analysis by GC-NPD, GC-MS, and HPLC-DAD. Target compounds included the defoliants tribufos, dimethipin, thidiazuron; the herbicide diuron; and the insecticide methyl parathion. Three solid-phase extraction (SPE) media, octadecylsilyl (ODS), graphitized carbon black (GCB), and a divinylbenzene-N-vinyl pyrollidine copolymer (DVBVP), were evaluated. On GCB and ODS, recoveries varied depending on compound type. Recoveries were quantitative for all compounds on DVBVP, ranging from 87 to 115% in spiked deionized water and surface runoff. The method detection limit was less than 0.1 microg L(-)(1). SPE with DVBVP was applied to post-defoliation samples of surface runoff and tile drainage from a cotton research plot and surface runoff from a commercial field. The research plot was defoliated with a tank mixture of dimethipin and thidiazuron, and the commercial field, with tribufos. Dimethipin was detected (1.9-9.6 microg L(-)(1)) in all research plot samples. In the commercial field samples, tribufos concentration ranged from 0.1 to 135 microg L(-)(1). An exponentially decreasing concentration trend was observed with each successive storm event. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Potter, T L AU - Marti, L AU - Belflower, S AU - Truman, C C AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 946, Tifton, Georgia 31793, USA. tpotter@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 4103 EP - 4108 VL - 48 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Index Medicus KW - Gossypium KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72269882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+analysis+of+cotton+defoliant%2C+herbicide%2C+and+insecticide+residues+in+water+by+solid-phase+extraction+and+GC-NPD%2C+GC-MS%2C+and+HPLC-diode+array+detection.&rft.au=Potter%2C+T+L%3BMarti%2C+L%3BBelflower%2C+S%3BTruman%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dehydrothalebanin: a source of resistance from Glycosmis pentaphylla against the citrus root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus. AN - 72268964; 10995370 AB - Roots of a citrus relative, Glycosmis pentaphylla (orangeberry), were shown to inhibit the growth and survival of larvae of the citrus root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus. Roots of G. pentaphyllaincorporated into the diet of D. abbreviatus increasingly inhibited the growth of neonate larvae with increased concentration of roots, while roots from citrus rootstocks produced little inhibition. The diet-incorporation assay was used to guide fractionation of an active acetone extract of G.pentaphylla roots. Three major fractions from silica open-column liquid chromatography were active, and these were purified using semipreparative normal-phase HPLC. A single active HPLC subfraction was isolated from each of the three liquid chromatography fractions, and two active compounds were isolated and identified by GC-MSD. GC-MSD and NMR identified one compound as the amide dehydrothalebanin B, and the other was identified by GC-MSD as dieldrin, a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide whose origin in our samples is uncertain. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Shapiro, J P AU - Bowman, K D AU - Lapointe, S L AD - USDA, ARS, USHRL, 2001 South Rock Road, Ft. Pierce, Florida 34945, USA. jshapiro@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 4404 EP - 4409 VL - 48 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Amides KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - dehydrothalebanin B KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Roots -- parasitology KW - Citrus -- chemistry KW - Amides -- isolation & purification KW - Citrus -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72268964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Dehydrothalebanin%3A+a+source+of+resistance+from+Glycosmis+pentaphylla+against+the+citrus+root+weevil+Diaprepes+abbreviatus.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+J+P%3BBowman%2C+K+D%3BLapointe%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of arabidopsis CAX2 in tobacco. Altered metal accumulation and increased manganese tolerance. AN - 72255413; 10982428 AB - Metal transport from the cytosol to the vacuole is thought to be an important component of ion tolerance and of a plant's potential for use in phytoremediation. The Arabidopsis antiporter CAX2 (calcium exchanger 2) may be a key mediator of this process. CAX2 expression in yeast suppressed both Ca(2+) and Mn(2+) growth defects. A peptide-specific antibody to the antiporter reacted with a 39-kD protein from plant vacuolar membranes. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants expressing CAX2 accumulated more Ca(2+), Cd(2+), and Mn(2+) and were more tolerant to elevated Mn(2+) levels. Expression of CAX2 in tobacco increased Cd(2+) and Mn(2+) transport in isolated root tonoplast vesicles. These results suggest that CAX2 has a broad substrate range and modulation of this transporter may be an important component of future strategies to improve plant ion tolerance. JF - Plant physiology AU - Hirschi, K D AU - Korenkov, V D AU - Wilganowski, N L AU - Wagner, G J AD - Baylor College of Medicine, Plant Physiology Group, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 125 EP - 133 VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Antiporters KW - 0 KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - Cations, Divalent KW - calcium-hydrogen antiporters KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Cytosol -- metabolism KW - Cadmium -- metabolism KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Yeasts -- genetics KW - Biological Transport, Active KW - Yeasts -- metabolism KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Manganese -- metabolism KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Arabidopsis -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- metabolism KW - Tobacco -- metabolism KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- genetics KW - Vacuoles -- metabolism KW - Tobacco -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72255413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+arabidopsis+CAX2+in+tobacco.+Altered+metal+accumulation+and+increased+manganese+tolerance.&rft.au=Hirschi%2C+K+D%3BKorenkov%2C+V+D%3BWilganowski%2C+N+L%3BWagner%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Hirschi&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Exp Biol. 1994 Nov;196:157-66 [7823019] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 15;268(17):12297-302 [8509367] Eur J Biochem. 1995 Sep 15;232(3):712-7 [7588708] Methods Cell Biol. 1995;50:129-48 [8531789] Mol Cell Biol. 1996 May;16(5):2226-37 [8628289] J Biol Chem. 1996 Mar 15;271(11):6509-17 [8626454] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 May 28;93(11):5624-8 [8643627] Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Jul;16(7):3730-41 [8668190] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Aug 6;93(16):8782-6 [8710949] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Aug 5;94(16):8579-84 [9238019] Genes Dev. 1997 Dec 15;11(24):3432-44 [9407035] Genes Dev. 1997 Dec 15;11(24):3445-58 [9407036] J Cell Biol. 1998 May 4;141(3):805-14 [9566978] Biotechnology (N Y). 1995 May;13(5):468-74 [9634787] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 29;95(20):12043-8 [9751787] Plant Physiol. 1999 Apr;119(4):1165-76 [10198075] Yeast. 1999 Mar 30;15(5):371-5 [10219995] Plant Mol Biol. 1999 May;40(1):37-44 [10394943] EMBO J. 1999 Jul 15;18(14):3973-80 [10406802] Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1256-8 [10455050] Plant Cell. 1999 Nov;11(11):2113-22 [10559438] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 29;97(5):2379-84 [10681464] Trends Plant Sci. 2000 Jan;5(1):10-1 [10637655] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):1991-5 [6326095] Cell. 1989 Jul 28;58(2):409-19 [2546682] Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Oct;219(1-2):161-7 [2693940] Plant Cell. 1992 Jun;4(6):721-33 [1392592] Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1992 Aug;4(4):661-9 [1384584] Plant Physiol. 1995 May;108(1):327-35 [7784507] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relevance of carcass palpation in lambs to protecting public health. AN - 72248083; 10983808 AB - We recently reviewed the Food Safety and Inspection Service's (FSIS's) inspection procedures for lambs. As a result, FSIS published a Federal Register notice informing the public of its intent to change from an inspection system that requires extensive carcass palpation to an inspection system that requires no carcass palpation for lambs. This decision was based on the following three points. (i) Extensive carcass palpation in lambs does not routinely aid in the detection of food safety hazards that result in meat-borne illnesses. (ii) Hands are capable of spreading or adding contamination to the carcasses. (iii) FSIS inspection systems must reflect science-based decisions as they pertain to meat-borne illnesses consistent with a Pathogen Reduction/Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point environment. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Walker, H L AU - Chowdhury, K A AU - Thaler, A M AU - Petersen, K E AU - Ragland, R D AU - James, W O AD - Office of Policy, Program Development and Evaluation, Inspection Systems Development Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20250, USA. hwalker@usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 1287 EP - 1290 VL - 63 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Zoonoses KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Paratuberculosis -- diagnosis KW - Lymphadenitis -- prevention & control KW - Paratuberculosis -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Sheep Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Sheep -- microbiology KW - Lymphadenitis -- diagnosis KW - Policy Making KW - Public Health KW - Food Inspection -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Palpation -- adverse effects KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Food Inspection -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72248083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Relevance+of+carcass+palpation+in+lambs+to+protecting+public+health.&rft.au=Walker%2C+H+L%3BChowdhury%2C+K+A%3BThaler%2C+A+M%3BPetersen%2C+K+E%3BRagland%2C+R+D%3BJames%2C+W+O&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging public health concerns regarding cryptosporidiosis. AN - 72245765; 10976295 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Saini, P K AU - Ransom, G AU - McNamara, A M AD - Emerging Microbial Issues Branch, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250-3700, USA. Y1 - 2000/09/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 01 SP - 658 EP - 663 VL - 217 IS - 5 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Variation KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Water Supply KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Life Cycle Stages KW - Zoonoses -- parasitology KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- growth & development KW - Public Health KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- parasitology KW - Food Parasitology KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- physiology KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- genetics KW - Zoonoses -- epidemiology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- prevention & control KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- transmission KW - Zoonoses -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72245765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Emerging+public+health+concerns+regarding+cryptosporidiosis.&rft.au=Saini%2C+P+K%3BRansom%2C+G%3BMcNamara%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Saini&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=658&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coliform, Escherichia coli, and salmonellae concentrations in a multiple-tank, counterflow poultry scalder. AN - 72244381; 10983790 AB - Scald water samples from a commercial broiler processing plant were tested for coliforms, Escherichia coli, and salmonellae to evaluate the numbers of suspended bacteria in a multiple-tank, counterflow scalder. Water samples were taken from each of three tanks on 8 different days after 6-week-old broilers had been processed for 8 h. Coliforms and E. coli were counted using Petrifilm, and the most probable number (MPN) of salmonellae was determined both in water samples and in rinses of defeathered carcasses that were removed from the processing line immediately after taking the water samples. Mean coliform concentrations in tanks 1, 2, and 3 (the last tank that carcasses pass through before being defeathered) were 3.4, 2.0, and 1.2 log10(CFU/ml), respectively. E. coli concentrations followed the same pattern with means of 3.2, 1.5, and 0.8 in tanks 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with significant differences (P < 0.02) in the concentrations of both coliforms and E. coli between the tanks. Sixteen of 24 scald-water samples were positive for salmonellae with a geometric mean of 10.9 MPN/100 ml in the positive samples. Salmonellae were isolated from seven of eight water samples from both tanks 1 and 2, but in only two of eight water samples from tank 3, the last tank that carcasses pass through. It appears that most bacteria removed from carcasses during scalding are washed off during the early part of scalding. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Cason, J A AU - Hinton, A AU - Ingram, K D AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jcason@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 1184 EP - 1188 VL - 63 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Food-Processing Industry -- instrumentation KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- growth & development KW - Temperature KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- growth & development KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72244381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Coliform%2C+Escherichia+coli%2C+and+salmonellae+concentrations+in+a+multiple-tank%2C+counterflow+poultry+scalder.&rft.au=Cason%2C+J+A%3BHinton%2C+A%3BIngram%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Cason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and characterization of genetic recombination in cytopathic type 2 bovine viral diarrhea viruses. AN - 72204201; 10954582 AB - In cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 (BVDV1) isolates, insertions are reported at position A (amino acid [aa] 1535) and position B (aa 1589). Insertions at position B predominate. In this survey it was found that in BVDV2, insertions at position A predominate. Possible reasons for this difference in relative frequency are discussed. JF - Journal of virology AU - Ridpath, J F AU - Neill, J D AD - Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service-U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. jridpath@nadc.ars.usda Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 8771 EP - 8774 VL - 74 IS - 18 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins KW - 0 KW - p80 protein, bovine viral diarrhea virus KW - 156532-58-0 KW - Peptide Hydrolases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - RNA Helicases KW - EC 3.6.4.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Animals KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Genotype KW - Sequence Analysis, Protein KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Cattle KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins -- genetics KW - RNA Helicases -- genetics KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Peptide Hydrolases -- genetics KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Genome, Viral KW - Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral -- genetics KW - Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral -- genetics KW - Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72204201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+characterization+of+genetic+recombination+in+cytopathic+type+2+bovine+viral+diarrhea+viruses.&rft.au=Ridpath%2C+J+F%3BNeill%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Ridpath&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=8771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF268180; GENBANK; AF268171 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Virology. 1994 Sep;203(2):260-8 [8053150] Virology. 1993 Nov;197(1):74-85 [8212597] J Virol. 1995 Jun;69(6):3683-9 [7745717] Virology. 1995 Sep 10;212(1):259-62 [7676642] J Virol. 1996 May;70(5):2992-8 [8627775] J Virol. 1996 Nov;70(11):7851-8 [8892907] J Virol. 1996 Nov;70(11):8175-81 [8892949] Adv Virus Res. 1996;47:53-118 [8895831] Arch Virol Suppl. 1991;3:133-42 [9210934] Virus Res. 1997 Aug;50(2):237-43 [9282788] J Virol. 1998 May;72(5):4127-38 [9557702] J Virol. 1998 May;72(5):4139-48 [9557703] Mol Cell Probes. 1998 Apr;12(2):101-6 [9633045] J Virol. 1998 Nov;72(11):8697-704 [9765411] Virus Res. 1998 Sep;57(1):1-9 [9833880] J Virol. 1999 Jul;73(7):5646-53 [10364314] Am J Vet Res. 1957 Oct;18(69):952-3 [13470255] Cornell Vet. 1960 Jan;50:73-9 [13850091] Virology. 1987 May;158(1):168-73 [3033887] Arch Virol. 1987;94(1-2):43-53 [3034204] Virology. 1988 Jul;165(1):200-8 [2838958] Virus Res. 1988 Aug;11(1):59-72 [3176687] Arch Virol. 1990;111(3-4):247-56 [2162163] Virology. 1991 Feb;180(2):602-16 [1846490] J Gen Virol. 1992 Jan;73 ( Pt 1):47-52 [1309861] Virology. 1992 Jul;189(1):285-92 [1318605] Virology. 1993 Apr;193(2):977-80 [8384762] Virology. 1994 Nov 15;205(1):66-74 [7975238] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in small intestines, liver and kidney of mice dosed subcutaneously with fumonisin B(1). AN - 71731189; 10930700 AB - Fumonisin B(1) is a fungal inhibitor of ceramide synthase, a key enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of sphingolipids. The resulting increase in tissue free sphinganine (and sometimes sphingosine) is used as a biomarker for fumonisin exposure. This study determined whether a single subcutaneous injection of fumonisin B(1) could cause an increase in free sphingoid bases in the intestinal epithelial cells of mice over 24 hr. It was hypothesized that fumonisin administered subcutaneously would be excreted into the small intestine via biliary excretion, and this should be detectable by increased sphingoid bases in the intestine. A significant time-dependent increase in sphingoid bases occurred in the intestine and liver peaking at 4-8 hr and declining to control levels by 24 hr. In the kidney the increase in free sphinganine was persistent. The parallel time course of the change in sphinganine in the intestine and liver suggested fumonisin B(1) was rapidly excreted into the small intestine. Rapid cell turnover in the intestine could account for the reversal of the sphinganine increase. The rapid return to the control level in liver was unexpected since ceramide synthase inhibition in cultured cells is persistent suggesting that liver handles fumonisin B(1) or sphingoid bases quite differently than kidney. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Enongene, E N AU - Sharma, R P AU - Bhandari, N AU - Voss, K A AU - Riley, R T AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 793 EP - 799 VL - 38 IS - 9 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Male KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Carboxylic Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Intestine, Small -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Intestine, Small -- drug effects KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71731189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Disruption+of+sphingolipid+metabolism+in+small+intestines%2C+liver+and+kidney+of+mice+dosed+subcutaneously+with+fumonisin+B%281%29.&rft.au=Enongene%2C+E+N%3BSharma%2C+R+P%3BBhandari%2C+N%3BVoss%2C+K+A%3BRiley%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Enongene&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=793&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-14 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the relative effects of 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D(2) [1, 24-(OH)(2)D(2)], 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,24-(OH)(2)D(3)], and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)] on selected vitamin D-regulated events in the rat. AN - 71271742; 10927029 AB - The present experiments were conducted to compare the relative hypercalciuric and hypercalcemic activities of 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D(2) [1,24-(OH)(2)D(2)], 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1, 24-(OH)(2)D(3)], and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)] in 7-week-old rats. The rats were dosed orally with each sterol for 7 days at a rate of 1 ng/g body weight/day. We also monitored the effect of the three compounds on the induction of mRNA for CaATPase and for 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase in the kidney and intestine, on plasma vitamin D metabolite levels, and on the capacity to evoke modification in the vitamin D receptor/retinoic acid X receptor (VDR/RXR) heterodimer conformation. Plasma calcium was elevated in the rats treated with 1,24-(OH)(2)D(3) and 1, 25-(OH)(2)D(3), but not in the 1,24-(OH)(2)D(2)-dosed rats. Urinary calcium was elevated significantly (relative to controls) in all groups. The order of hypercalciuric activity was 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) >/= 1,24-(OH)(2)D(3) >/= 1,24-(OH)(2)D(2) > control. Duodenal plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) mRNA was elevated to a similar extent in all groups relative to controls. Duodenal 24-hydroxylase mRNA was elevated in all groups relative to controls; however, the elevations were significantly higher in the 1,24-(OH)(2)D(3) and 1, 25-(OH)(2)D(3) groups compared with the 1,24-(OH)(2)D(2) group. Kidney 24-hydroxylase also was elevated significantly in the 1, 24-(OH)(2)D(3)- and 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-treated rats but not in the 1, 24-(OH)(2)D(2)-treated rats. Recombinant human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) extracts were incubated with saturating concentrations of 1, 24-(OH)(2)D(2), 1,24-(OH)(2)D(3), and 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) and subsequently analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Overall binding was comparable for all metabolites; however, the 1, 24-(OH)(2)D(2) complex exhibited distinctly altered mobility relative to 1,24-(OH)(2)D(3) and 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3), suggestive of an effect on hVDR/hRXR conformation. These data suggest that 1, 24-(OH)(2)D(2) is not as potent as either of the vitamin D(3) sterols at affecting hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria in young growing rats; however, 1,24-(OH)(2)D(2) can evoke other biological responses similar to the vitamin D(3) sterols. These different responses may be related to the alterations in conformation state of the hVDR/hRXR heterodimer. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Horst, R AU - Prapong, S AU - Reinhardt, T AU - Koszewski, N AU - Knutson, J AU - Bishop, C AD - USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA. rhorst@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 01 SP - 701 EP - 708 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - Dihydroxycholecalciferols KW - 0 KW - Ergocalciferols KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Calcitriol KW - 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D2 KW - 124043-51-2 KW - Vitamin D KW - 1406-16-2 KW - 1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 KW - 60965-80-2 KW - Calcitriol KW - FXC9231JVH KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - RNA, Messenger -- drug effects KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Hypercalcemia -- chemically induced KW - Hypercalcemia -- blood KW - Male KW - Calcitriol -- adverse effects KW - Receptors, Calcitriol -- genetics KW - Vitamin D -- pharmacology KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Vitamin D -- analogs & derivatives KW - Vitamin D -- metabolism KW - Ergocalciferols -- adverse effects KW - Receptors, Calcitriol -- drug effects KW - Calcitriol -- pharmacology KW - Ergocalciferols -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Calcitriol -- metabolism KW - Dihydroxycholecalciferols -- pharmacology KW - Dihydroxycholecalciferols -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71271742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+relative+effects+of+1%2C24-dihydroxyvitamin+D%282%29+%5B1%2C+24-%28OH%29%282%29D%282%29%5D%2C+1%2C24-dihydroxyvitamin+D%283%29+%5B1%2C24-%28OH%29%282%29D%283%29%5D%2C+and+1%2C25-dihydroxyvitamin+D%283%29+%5B1%2C25-%28OH%29%282%29D%283%29%5D+on+selected+vitamin+D-regulated+events+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Horst%2C+R%3BPrapong%2C+S%3BReinhardt%2C+T%3BKoszewski%2C+N%3BKnutson%2C+J%3BBishop%2C+C&rft.aulast=Horst&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=701&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-28 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrological effects of a changed climate in humid and arid mountain region AN - 52265741; 2001-016093 AB - The effect of a hypothetical temperature increase of +4 degrees C on snow cover and on year-round runoff is evaluated for the very humid basin Illecillewaet (1155 km (super 2) , 509-3150 m a.s.l., British Columbia, Canada), the semi-humid basin of Kings River (3999 km (super 2) , 171-4341 m a.s.l., California, USA), and the semi-arid basin of Rio Grande at Del Norte (3419 km (super 2) , 2432-4215 m a.s.l., Colorado, USA). In contrast to current methods of evaluating the climate effect, a realistic seasonal snow cover from satellite monitoring is used to represent the present climate. The non-calibrated SRM model is applied to transform this snow cover under conditions of a warmer climate and to compute the climate-affected runoff. The winter snow accumulation is particularly reduced in the Kings River basin which has the greatest elevation range. In absolute terms, the smallest snowpack reduction occurred in the semi-arid basin of Rio Grande at Del Norte. The decline of snow covered area in the snowmelt season in accelerated by about one month in all basins. The runoff in the winter half year is about doubled at the expense of the summer half year in the basins Illecillewaet and Kings River. This effect is smaller in the basin Rio Grande at Del Norte. Because the climate change was limited to a temperature increase, there is no significant change in the yearly runoff volume in the basins Kings River and Rio Grande. There is a yearly runoff increase in the Illecillewaet basin due to enhanced glacier melt. JF - World Resource Review AU - Rango, Albert AU - Martinec, Jaroslav Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 493 EP - 508 PB - Institute for World Resource Research, Naperville, IL VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - terrestrial environment KW - arid environment KW - humid environment KW - water management KW - glaciers KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - climate change KW - mountains KW - planning KW - snow KW - runoff KW - water resources KW - meltwater KW - alpine environment KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52265741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Hydrological+effects+of+a+changed+climate+in+humid+and+arid+mountain+region&rft.au=Rango%2C+Albert%3BMartinec%2C+Jaroslav&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alpine environment; arid environment; atmospheric precipitation; climate change; glaciers; humid environment; hydrology; meltwater; mountains; planning; runoff; snow; terrestrial environment; water management; water resources; water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using noxious weed lists to prioritize targets for developing weed management strategies AN - 20829670; 5974153 AB - To identify the most commonly regulated weedy plants in the United States and southern Canada, we compiled a database of noxious weed lists obtained from the 48 continental states and six bordering provinces. The 10 most frequently listed weeds are Cirsium arvense, Carduus nutans, Lythrum spp. (includes purple loosestrife), Convolvulus arvensis, Euphorbia esula, Acroptilon repens, Sorghum spp. (includes johnsongrass and shattercane), Cardaria spp. (includes hoary cress, also called whitetop), Centaurea maculosa, and Sonchus arvensis. When genera are ranked, the top genus is Centaurea, which includes C. maculosa,C. diffusa, and C. solstitalis. Biological control programs have targeted many of the top dicotyledonous weeds of national concern, but none of the weedy grasses and sedges. We recommend that exploratory studies be initiated to determine the feasibility of developing biological control agents for the latter species. The complete database of noxious weed lists is available on the Internet at http://invader.dbs.umt.edu. This information may be useful to resource managers and regulatory officials in assessing which weeds are problematic in adjacent geographic areas and by researchers to help select which weeds to target with new management strategies. Nomenclature:Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. CENRE, Russian knapweed; Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. CADDR, hoary cress; Carduus nutans L. CRUNU, musk thistle; Centaurea diffusa Lam. CENDI, diffuse knapweed; Centaurea maculosa Lam. CENMA, spotted knapweed; Centaurea solstitialis L. CENSO, yellow starthistle; Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. CIRAR, Canada thistle; Convolvulus arvensis L. CONAR, field bindweed; Euphorbia esula L. EPHES, leafy spurge; Lythrum salicaria L. LYTSA, purple loosestrife; Sonchus arvensis L. SONAR, perennial sowthistle; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench SORVU, shattercane; Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. SORHA, johnsongrass. JF - Weed Science AU - Skinner, K AU - Smith, L AU - Rice, P AD - USDA-ARS Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, 1500 N. Central Avenue, Sidney, MT 59270, kskinner@sidney.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 640 EP - 644 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 48 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Centaurea solstitialis KW - Weeds KW - Cirsium arvense KW - Grasses KW - Sorghum halepense KW - Centaurea diffusa KW - Acroptilon repens KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - Centaurea maculosa KW - Databases KW - Computer programs KW - Lythrum KW - Carduus nutans KW - Sonchus arvensis KW - Lythrum salicaria KW - Euphorbia esula KW - Cardaria KW - Cardaria draba KW - Convolvulus arvensis KW - Internet KW - Centaurea KW - Sorghum KW - A 01370:Biological Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20829670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Using+noxious+weed+lists+to+prioritize+targets+for+developing+weed+management+strategies&rft.au=Skinner%2C+K%3BSmith%2C+L%3BRice%2C+P&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=640&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282000%290482.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=48&page=640 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Computer programs; Databases; Weeds; Grasses; Internet; Centaurea solstitialis; Cirsium arvense; Sorghum halepense; Centaurea diffusa; Acroptilon repens; Sorghum bicolor; Centaurea maculosa; Lythrum; Sonchus arvensis; Carduus nutans; Lythrum salicaria; Cardaria; Euphorbia esula; Cardaria draba; Convolvulus arvensis; Sorghum; Centaurea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2000)048<0640:UNWLTP>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of Fractured Glacial Till Geotechnical Characteristics: Hydraulic Conductivity, Consolidation, and Shear Strength AN - 17921360; 5159789 AB - A literature survey was conducted and fracture influences on engineering behavior of glacial till are summarized, specifically with regard to saturated hydraulic conductivity, consolidation potential, and shear strength. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is increased by fractures, in some cases by two or more orders of magnitude. This in turn results in larger values for the coefficient of consolidation, c sub(v), governing the rate of consolidation. A larger c sub(v) corresponds to faster settlement. Modest increases in total settlement occur only if fractures are open. Fractures also have the overall effect of reducing shear strength. Upon removal of surface material by excavation or erosion, stress release and water infiltration lead to further decreases in shear strength. This strength loss process, called softening, is due mostly to a decrease in effective cohesion and usually takes years to complete. Once failure occurs, there is another substantial drop in shear strength to a residual value. This residual strength is a result of realignment of particles along the failure plane during shear, which decreases the effective angle of internal friction. The fracture impact magnitude on glacial till saturated hydraulic conductivity, consolidation potential, and shear strength is determined largely by aperture and spacing characteristics. As the number and/or size of fractures increase, changes in these geotechnical properties become more pronounced. JF - Ohio Journal of Science AU - Allred, B J AD - USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 63 EP - 72 VL - 100 IS - 3-4 SN - 0030-0950, 0030-0950 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Geologic Fractures KW - Strength KW - Soil Mechanics KW - Water Pressure KW - Fracture Permeability KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Glacial Sediments KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17921360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=Survey+of+Fractured+Glacial+Till+Geotechnical+Characteristics%3A+Hydraulic+Conductivity%2C+Consolidation%2C+and+Shear+Strength&rft.au=Allred%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Allred&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.issn=00300950&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Geologic Fractures; Strength; Water Pressure; Soil Mechanics; Fracture Permeability; Permeability Coefficient; Glacial Sediments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of the Fractured Glacial Till at the Madison County, Ohio, Field Workshop Pit Site AN - 17914922; 5159792 AB - Water and contaminants obviously do move through the so-called impermeable glacial tills in Ohio. This study was conducted to illustrate the extensive presence of fractures in the till and to quantify the differences in hydraulic conductivity and physical and chemical properties between the fracture-affected zones and the till matrix. In situ measurements of the saturated hydraulic conductivity were made in small boreholes positioned either in the matrix or intersecting the fractures. Soil samples from both the fracture faces and the matrix were analyzed for particle size distribution, clay mineralogy, calcite, dolomite, and iron content. Hydraulic conductivity measured in boreholes intersecting fractures was 1.25 x 10 super(-5) cm/sec (0.018 in/hr), one order of magnitude greater than in boreholes in the matrix. Particle size distribution was the same for the fracture faces and the matrix. The fracture faces showed no significant change in total clay content and a slight increase in expandable clay. Calcite content was 62% greater, dolomite content was 6% lower, and iron content was 73% lower on the fracture faces as compared to the matrix. The fractures affected approximately 7% of the soil volume. JF - Ohio Journal of Science AU - Fausey, N R AU - Hall, G F AU - Bigham, J M AU - Allred, B J AU - Christy, AD AD - USDA/ARS, Soil Drainage Research Unit, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 107 EP - 112 VL - 100 IS - 3-4 SN - 0030-0950, 0030-0950 KW - USA, Ohio, Madison Cty. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Geologic Fractures KW - Water Pressure KW - Mineralogy KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Boreholes KW - Groundwater Movement KW - Glacial Sediments KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17914922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=Properties+of+the+Fractured+Glacial+Till+at+the+Madison+County%2C+Ohio%2C+Field+Workshop+Pit+Site&rft.au=Fausey%2C+N+R%3BHall%2C+G+F%3BBigham%2C+J+M%3BAllred%2C+B+J%3BChristy%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Fausey&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.issn=00300950&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Geologic Fractures; Mineralogy; Water Pressure; Groundwater Movement; Boreholes; Permeability Coefficient; Glacial Sediments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global soil moisture monitoring with satellite microwave remote sensing AN - 17903385; 5140147 AB - Satellite remote sensing has contributed to water resources applications and research for three decades. Most of this work has utilized sensors operating in the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A notable example is the use of visible and near infrared sensors to provide land cover and vegetation information. This work began with the Landsat satellites in 1972. Improved technologies have resulted in higher spatial resolution and more frequent observations. This has broadened the use of the data in water resources applications. Examples include mapping and monitoring snow cover for forecasting water supply and flood prediction. Recent developments in both science and associated antenna technologies now make the exploitation of the microwave region feasible. Wavelengths in the microwave portion of the spectrum are orders of magnitude longer than those in the visible and infrared regions. These waves originate within the volume of the target and the magnitude of the signal is directly related to the amount of water present in that volume. This feature makes microwave remote sensing particularly attractive in water resources studies. JF - Water Resources Impact AU - Jackson, T J AD - USDA ARS Hydrology Lab, 104 Bldg. 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 15 EP - 16 VL - 2 IS - 5 SN - 1522-3175, 1522-3175 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Microwaves KW - Sensors KW - Soil/water systems KW - Remote sensing KW - Water resources KW - Infrared radiation KW - Vegetation KW - Satellites KW - Land use KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17903385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Impact&rft.atitle=Global+soil+moisture+monitoring+with+satellite+microwave+remote+sensing&rft.au=Jackson%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Impact&rft.issn=15223175&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microwaves; Sensors; Soil/water systems; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Infrared radiation; Water resources; Satellites; Land use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microsatellite loci in the honey bee parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni AN - 17833227; 4866345 JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Evans, D J AD - Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BARC-E, Bldg. 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 1436 EP - 1438 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 9 IS - 9 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Parasites KW - Microsatellites KW - Ecological genetics KW - Varroa jacobsoni KW - Varroidae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17833227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Microsatellite+loci+in+the+honey+bee+parasitic+mite+Varroa+jacobsoni&rft.au=Evans%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Varroidae; Varroa jacobsoni; Parasites; Microsatellites; Ecological genetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling and risk assessment for soil temperatures beneath prescribed forest fires AN - 17812346; 4854455 AB - Prescribed fire is a management tool used by wildland resource management organizations in many ecosystems to reduce hazardous fuels and to achieve a host of other objectives. To study the effects of fire in naturally accumulating fuel conditions, the ambient soil temperature is monitored beneath prescribed burns. In this study we developed a stochastic model for temperature profiles (values at 15 minute intervals) recorded at four depths beneath the soil during a large prescribed burn study. The model was used to assess the temporal fit of the data to particular solutions of the heat equation. We used a random effects model to assess the effects of observed site characteristics on maximum temperatures and to estimate risks of temperatures exceeding critical levels in future similar prescribed fires. Contour plots of estimated risks of temperatures exceeding 60 degree C for a range of fuel levels and soil depths indicated high risks of occurrence, especially when the moisture levels are low. However, the natural variability among sites seems to be large, even after controlling fuel and moisture levels, resulting in large standard errors of predicted risks. JF - Environmental and Ecological Statistics AU - Preisler, H K AU - Haase, S M AU - Sackett, S S AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 239 EP - 254 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1352-8505, 1352-8505 KW - prescribed fires KW - models KW - soil temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Fires KW - Resource management KW - Soil temperature KW - Forests KW - Models KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17812346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.atitle=Modeling+and+risk+assessment+for+soil+temperatures+beneath+prescribed+forest+fires&rft.au=Preisler%2C+H+K%3BHaase%2C+S+M%3BSackett%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Preisler&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.issn=13528505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forests; Fires; Resource management; Risk assessment; Soil temperature; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lactobacillus arizonensis sp. nov., isolated from jojoba meal AN - 17810115; 4848679 AB - Five strains of simmondsin-degrading, lactic-acid-producing bacteria were isolated from fermented jojoba meal. These isolates were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, homofermentative, rod-shaped organisms. They grew singly and in short chains, produced lactic acid but no gas from glucose, and did not exhibit catalase activity. Growth occurred at 15 and 45 SC. All strains fermented cellobiose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose, lactose, maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, melibiose, D-ribose, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose and trehalose. Some strains fermented L-(-)-arabinose and L-rhamnose. D-Xylose was not fermented and starch was not hydrolysed. The mean G+C content of the DNA was 48 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA established that the isolates were members of the genus Lactobacillus. DNA reassociation of 45% or less was obtained between the new isolates and the reference strains of species with G+C contents of about 48 mol%. The isolates were differentiated from other homofermentative Lactobacillus spp. on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence divergence, DNA relatedness, stereoisomerism of the lactic acid produced, growth temperature and carbohydrate fermentation. The data support the conclusion that these organisms represent strains of a new species, for which the name Lactobacillus arizonensis is proposed. The type strain of L. arizonensis is NRRL B-14768(T)(=DSM 13273(T)). JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Swezey, J L AU - Nakamura, L K AU - Abbott, T P AU - Peterson, R E AD - Microbial Properties Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 1803 EP - 1809 PB - Society for General Microbiology VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - jojoba meal KW - simmondsin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phylogeny KW - Fermentation KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Gram-positive bacteria KW - Simondsia KW - Lactic acid KW - Lactobacillus arizonensis KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17810115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Lactobacillus+arizonensis+sp.+nov.%2C+isolated+from+jojoba+meal&rft.au=Swezey%2C+J+L%3BNakamura%2C+L+K%3BAbbott%2C+T+P%3BPeterson%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Swezey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Simondsia; Lactobacillus arizonensis; Gram-positive bacteria; Nucleotide sequence; Phylogeny; Lactic acid; Fermentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogeny of Bacillus sphaericus-like organisms AN - 17808005; 4848668 AB - The mesophilic round-spored bacteria embrace four species, namely Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus fusiformis, Bacillus silvestris and Bacillus pasteurii. Although not displayed by all strains, mosquito pathogenicity is a noteworthy characteristic of B. sphaericus sensu lato. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences from 58 strains identified as B. sphaericus was used to examine the genetic heterogeneity of the taxon. Results from sequence analysis were compared with whole-cell fatty acid profiles and other phenotypic determinations. The B. sphaericus-like strains segregated into seven distinct clusters in a phylogenetic tree generated from 16S sequences. One cluster represented B. sphaericus and another B. fusiformis. A third cluster containing all of the pathogenic strains was closely related to, or was possibly part of, the B. fusiformis group. The remaining four groups were distinct and represented unnamed taxa that were more closely related to B. sphaericus and B. fusiformis than to the psychrophilic round-spored species, Bacillus globisporus and Bacillus psychrophilus. Groups based on phenotypic analysis corresponded to the 16S rDNA phylogenetic clusters. Data showed that B. sphaericus was genetically and phenotypically a highly heterogeneous taxon including at least seven genetically distinct taxa. The pathogenic strains were members of a distinct group and not of the species B. sphaericus sensu stricto. This heterogeneity partially accounts for the apparent variability of mosquito pathogenicity among B. sphaericus strains. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Nakamura, L K AD - Microbial Properties Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 1715 EP - 1722 PB - Society for General Microbiology VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - mosquitoes KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Phylogeny KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Bacillus sphaericus KW - Phenotypes KW - Bacillus fusiformis KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - G 07260:Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17808005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+of+Bacillus+sphaericus-like+organisms&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus fusiformis; Bacillus sphaericus; Phylogeny; Phenotypes; Nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concerted evolution of duplicate fla genes in Campylobacter AN - 17756114; 4820359 AB - Campylobacters have two similar copies (flaA and flaB) of their flagellin gene. It has been hypothesized that the two copies can serve for antigenic phase variation. Analysis of polymorphisms within aligned multiple DNA sequences of the Campylobacter flagellin genes revealed high pairwise homoplasy indexes between flaB/flaB pairs that were not observed between any flaA/flaA pairings or flaA/flaB pairings. Thus it seems there are constraints on the sequence of flaB that distinguish it from flaA. Nevertheless, segments of the two genes that are highly variable between strains are conserved between the flaA and flaB copies of the genes within a strain. The patterns of synonymous and non-synonymous differences suggest that one segment of the flagellin sequence is under selective pressure at the amino acid sequence level. Another segment of the protein is maintained within a strain by conversion or recombination. Comparisons of strict consensus amino acid sequences did not reveal any motifs that are uniquely FlaA or FlaB, but there are differences between FlaA and FlaB in those amino acids available for post-translational modification. The observed pattern of concerted evolution of portions of a structural gene is an unusual finding in bacteria and should be searched for with other duplicated genes. Concerted evolution was unexpected for genes involved in phase variation since it minimizes the antigenic repertoire that can be expressed by a single clone in the face of the host immune response. JF - Microbiology AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Hiett, K L AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, PO Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA, rmeiners@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 2283 EP - 2290 VL - 146 IS - 9 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - fla gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Duplication KW - Campylobacter KW - Flagellin KW - Evolution KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17756114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Concerted+evolution+of+duplicate+fla+genes+in+Campylobacter&rft.au=Meinersmann%2C+R+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Meinersmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter; Duplication; Evolution; Flagellin; Nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolution of residual tetrachloroethylene in fractional wettability porous media: correlation development and application AN - 17753947; 4810476 AB - This work explores the dissolution behavior of residual tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in chemically heterogeneous soils. A numerical solute transport simulator, that incorporates rate-limited dissolution and desorption using linear driving force expressions, was developed and applied to analyze soil column dissolution data and to conduct numerical dissolution experiments. Published mass transfer coefficients were unable to accurately predict the observed dissolution of entrapped PCE in fractional wettability porous media (media containing both water- and PCE-wet solid surfaces). A two-parameter power function expression for the lumped mass transfer coefficient was developed and successfully fit to these data. Correlations were then developed for the fitted mass transfer model parameters as a function of wettability and grain size distribution characteristics. The power function model, in conjunction with the parameter correlations, yielded reasonable predictions for long-term dissolution behavior in the more PCE-wetting media. Poorer predictions for the more water-wet materials were attributed to an increased sensitivity of effluent concentration behavior to temporal changes in PCE saturation in these systems. Many of the effluent concentration curves exhibited low and persistent concentration tailing after recovery of the separate phase PCE. This tailing behavior could be adequately modeled by incorporation of rate-limited desorption. Results from numerical experiments indicate that both the magnitude and spatial distribution of wettability can significantly influence PCE dissolution behavior and remediation time. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Bradford, SA AU - Phelan, T J AU - Abriola, L M AD - Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA, sbradford@usse.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 35 EP - 61 VL - 45 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - PCE KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Wet KW - Porous Media KW - Mass Transfer KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Pollution (Groundwater) KW - Pollutants KW - Wetting KW - Remediation KW - Mass transfer KW - Porous media KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17753947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Dissolution+of+residual+tetrachloroethylene+in+fractional+wettability+porous+media%3A+correlation+development+and+application&rft.au=Bradford%2C+SA%3BPhelan%2C+T+J%3BAbriola%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-7722%2800%2900118-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Characterisation and remediation of organic contaminants in the subsurface. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wet; Pollution (Groundwater); Pollutants; Remediation; Mass transfer; Porous media; Porous Media; Wetting; Mass Transfer; Groundwater Pollution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00118-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cryopreservation of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) Embryos AN - 17733864; 4795695 AB - Prior studies on cryopreserving embryos of several non-drosophilid flies established that two Drosophila melanogaster embryo cryopreservation protocols were not directly suitable for use with these species. This paper describes our work on developing a protocol for cryopreservation of embryos of the housefly, Musca domestica. Significant progress was made when permeabilization of the vitelline membrane was optimized, a vitrification solution containing ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and trehalose was formulated, and when cooling and recovery of the cryopreservation protocol included a step which passed the embryos through liquid nitrogen vapor. More than 70% of housefly embryos withstand treatments of dechorionation, permeabilization, loading with cryoprotectant, and dehydration in vitrification solution, but the cooling, warming, and poststorage rearing steps still cause a considerable reduction in survival. About 53% of the vitrified M. domestica embryos hatched into larvae. Relative to the percentage of the control adult emergence, about 13% of the embryos stored in liquid nitrogen developed into fertile adults. Hatching of the F sub(1) progeny of adults having been cryopreserved as embryos was similar to control levels. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. JF - Cryobiology AU - Wang, W B AU - Leopold, R A AU - Nelson AU - Freeman, T P AD - Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58105, North Dakota, wangwb@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 153 EP - 166 PB - Academic Press VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0011-2240, 0011-2240 KW - House fly KW - Diptera KW - polyethylene glycol KW - trehalose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Musca domestica KW - Embryos KW - Freeze-drying KW - Cryopreservation KW - Temperature tolerance KW - Dehydration KW - W2 32225:Cryoprerservation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17733864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cryobiology&rft.atitle=Cryopreservation+of+Musca+domestica+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+Embryos&rft.au=Wang%2C+W+B%3BLeopold%2C+R+A%3BNelson%3BFreeman%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cryobiology&rft.issn=00112240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fcryo.2000.2278 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Musca domestica; Cryopreservation; Embryos; Dehydration; Freeze-drying; Temperature tolerance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cryo.2000.2278 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a Cultivar-Specific Soybean Symbiont, Carries Two Copies of y4yA and y4yB, Two Open Reading Frames That Are Located in a Region That Encodes the Type III Protein Secretion System AN - 17729828; 4803439 AB - Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on primitive soybean (Glycine max) cultivar Peking but fails to nodulate the improved cultivar McCall. Cultivar specificity is governed by a plasmid-borne locus, nolXBTUV. By DNA sequence analysis, we have identified two open reading frames, y4yA and y4yB, immediately downstream of nolX. Northern (RNA) blot analysis indicated that the expression of both y4yA and y4yB is inducible by isoflavonoids, and an intact copy of nolX is required. Two copies each of y4yA and y4yB are present in S. fredii USDA257, one on the sym plasmid (y4yAsp and y4yBsp), and the other on the chromosome (y4yAc and y4yBc). The cultivar-nonspecific strain USDA191 lacks y4yAc and y4yBc. Introduction of y4yAc plus y4yBc from USDA257 into USDA191 did not influence the ability of the latter strain to nodulate McCall soybean plants. Unlike nolX, the inactivation of y4yAsp and y4yBsp of USDA257 did not extend the host range of this strain. A double mutant, in which both the plasmid and chromosomal copies of y4yA and y4yB were mutated, had no observable effect on symbiotic ability of USDA257. The y4yAsp and y4yBsp mutants did not influence flavonoid-dependent extracellular protein production. Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 and S. saheli USDA4893 both contain sequences similar to S. fredii USDA257 y4yAsp and y4yBsp; however, Bradyrhizobium spp., the traditional soybean symbionts, lack these genes. JF - Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions AU - Jiang, G AU - Krishnan, H B AD - Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211 USA, KrishnanH@missouri.edu Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 1010 EP - 1014 VL - 13 IS - 9 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - soybean KW - flavonoids KW - nolX gene KW - y4yA gene KW - y4yB gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Host range KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Plasmids KW - Nodules KW - Glycine max KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - Sinorhizobium fredii KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17729828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.atitle=Sinorhizobium+fredii+USDA257%2C+a+Cultivar-Specific+Soybean+Symbiont%2C+Carries+Two+Copies+of+y4yA+and+y4yB%2C+Two+Open+Reading+Frames+That+Are+Located+in+a+Region+That+Encodes+the+Type+III+Protein+Secretion+System&rft.au=Jiang%2C+G%3BKrishnan%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Jiang&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1010&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Sinorhizobium fredii; Nitrogen fixation; Host range; Plasmids; Nodules; Nucleotide sequence ER - TY - CONF T1 - Assessing and monitoring the health of western rangeland watersheds AN - 17726123; 4793925 AB - The most important function of watersheds in the western U.S. is the capacity to retain soil and water, thereby providing stability in hydrologic head and minimizing stream sediment loads. Long-term soil and water retention varies directly with vegetation cover. Data on ground cover and plant species composition were collected from 129 sites in the Rio Grande drainage of south-central New Mexico. This area was previously assessed by classification of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometry (AVHRR) imagery. The classification of irreversibly degraded sites failed to identify most of the severely degraded sites based on size of bare patches and 35% of the sites classified as degraded were healthy based on mean bare patch size and vegetation cover. Previous research showed that an index of unvegetated soil (bare patch size and percent of ground without vegetative cover) was the most robust indicator of the soil and water retention function. Although the regression of mean bare patch size on percent bare ground was significant (p < 0.001), percent bare ground accounted for only 11% of the variability in bare patch size. Therefore bare patch size cannot be estimated from data on percent bare ground derived from remote sensing. At sites with less than 25% grass cover, and on sites with more than 15% shrub cover, there were significant relationships between percent bare soil and mean bare patch size (p < 0.05). Several other indicators of ecosystem health were related to mean bare patch size: perennial plant species richness (r = 0.6, p < 0.0001), percent cover of increaser species (r = 0.5, p < 0.0001) and percent cover of forage useable by livestock (r = 0.62, p < 0.0001). There was no relationship between bare patch size and cover of species that are toxic to livestock. In order to assess the ability of western rangeland watersheds to retain soil and water using remote sensing, it will be necessary to detect and estimate sizes of bare patches ranging between at least 0.5 m in diameter to several meters in diameter. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Desoyza, A G AU - Whitford, W G AU - Turner, S J AU - Van Zee, JW AU - Johnson, A R Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 153 EP - 166 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Postbus 17 Dordrecht 3300 AA Netherlands VL - 64 IS - 1 KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Remote sensing KW - Vegetation KW - Watersheds KW - Rangelands KW - Vegetation patterns KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17726123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Assessing+and+monitoring+the+health+of+western+rangeland+watersheds&rft.au=Desoyza%2C+A+G%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BTurner%2C+S+J%3BVan+Zee%2C+JW%3BJohnson%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Desoyza&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006423708707 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006423708707 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Application of ecological classification and predictive vegetation modeling to broad-level assessments of ecosystem health AN - 17722336; 4793928 AB - The Little Missouri National Grasslands (LMNG) of western North Dakota support the largest permitted cattle grazing use within all lands administered by the USDA, Forest Service, as well as critical habitat for many wildlife species. This fact, coupled with the need to revise current planning direction for range allotments of the LMNG, necessitated that a broad-level characterization of ecosystem integrity and resource conditions be conducted across all lands within the study area (approximately 800,000 hectares) in a rapid and cost-effective manner. The approach taken in this study was based on ecological classifications, which effectively utilized existing field plot data collected for a variety of previous inventory objectives, and their continuous spatial projection across the LMNG by maps of both existing and potential vegetation. These two map themes represent current and reference conditions (existing vs. potential vegetation); their intersection allowed us to assign various ecological status ratings (i.e., ecosystem integrity and resource condition) based on the degree of departure between current and reference conditions. In this paper, we present a brief review of methodologies used in the development of ecological classifications, and also illustrate their application to assessments of rangeland health through selected maps of ecological status ratings for the LMNG. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Jensen, ME AU - Redmond, R L AU - Dibenedetto, J P AU - Bourgeron, P S AU - Goodman, IA Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 197 EP - 212 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Postbus 17 Dordrecht 3300 AA Netherlands VL - 64 IS - 1 KW - Little Missouri National Grasslands KW - USA KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Ecosystems KW - Grazing KW - Vegetation KW - Models KW - Grasslands KW - Rangelands KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Planning KW - Mapping KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17722336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Application+of+ecological+classification+and+predictive+vegetation+modeling+to+broad-level+assessments+of+ecosystem+health&rft.au=Jensen%2C+ME%3BRedmond%2C+R+L%3BDibenedetto%2C+J+P%3BBourgeron%2C+P+S%3BGoodman%2C+IA&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal Antibodies for the Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol and 3-Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol AN - 17722152; 4783013 AB - The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is produced by the mold Fusarium graminearum and is found worldwide on cereal grains, in particular wheat and maize. Each year this compound, also known as 'vomitoxin' causes substantial losses to agricultural productivity. Three monoclonal antibodies were developed following the immunization of mice with a conjugate of DON and ovalbumin. One of these antibodies, produced by clone #22, was selected for the development of a competitive direct ELISA (CD-ELISA). This format consists of competition between a DON horseradish peroxidase conjugate (DON-HRP) and free DON for antibody attached to microwell plates. Color development in the assay was inhibited 50% (IC sub(50)) by 18 ng DON/ml in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The antibody from this clone showed strong cross-reactivity to 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-Ac-DON), with an IC sub(50) of 2.9 ng ml super(-1) Cross-reactivity to 19 other trichothecene mycotoxins was low. The CD-ELISA was applied to wheat spiked with DON over the range 0.01-10 mu g/g and extracted with a l0-fold excess of PBS. The midpoint for color development in the assay using this extraction was 0.27 mu g DON/g wheat. Recoveries over the range 0.05-5 mu g/g averaged 88.7% with a coefficient of variation of 10.9%. This assay is sufficiently sensitive and rapid to permit the screening of DON in wheat below the US Food and Drug Administration advisory level of 1 ppm in human food. JF - Food and Agricultural Immunology AU - Maragos, C M AU - McCormick, S P AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA, maragocm@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 181 EP - 192 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0954-0105, 0954-0105 KW - 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol KW - 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol KW - deoxynivalenol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Mycotoxins KW - Vomitoxin KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - W2 32375:Antibodies KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17722152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+Antibodies+for+the+Mycotoxins+Deoxynivalenol+and+3-Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.issn=09540105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monoclonal antibodies; Mycotoxins; Vomitoxin; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life History and Ecology of the Southern Redback Salamander, Plethodon serratus, in Missouri AN - 17722094; 4786879 AB - The life history and ecology of Plethodon serratus were studied in two populations in southcentral and southeastern Missouri, USA. One population was located on private land in Perry County and the other was located in Mark Twain National Forest in Phelps County. Courtship and insemination probably occurred between December and March. Oviposition occurred during May or June and eggs hatched during July or August. Gravid females contained an average of 6.3 (range 4-10) enlarged ovarian follicles. We assume that reproduction among females is biennial on the basis of two distinct groups of mature females, those with enlarged, yolk-filled follicles and those with only small follicles. Hatchlings emerged in September and October and averaged 17 mm SVL (range 15-20 mm SVL). The growing season extended from September to May and little growth occurred during June to August. Growth during the first year after hatching averaged 10 mm. Plethodon serratus was most active on the forest surface between October and May in Phelps County and August and May in Perry County. The life-history pattern observed for P. serratus has characteristics of other small temperate plethodontid salamanders. JF - Journal of Herpetology AU - Herbeck, LA AU - Semlitsch, R D AD - North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 202 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resource Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7260, USA, lherbeck@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 341 EP - 347 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1511, 0022-1511 KW - Southern red-backed salamander KW - USA, Missouri KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth KW - Fecundity KW - Life history KW - Plethodon serratus KW - Autecology KW - Reproduction KW - Q1 08321:General KW - D 04669:Amphibians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17722094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.atitle=Life+History+and+Ecology+of+the+Southern+Redback+Salamander%2C+Plethodon+serratus%2C+in+Missouri&rft.au=Herbeck%2C+LA%3BSemlitsch%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Herbeck&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.issn=00221511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Life history; Autecology; Growth; Fecundity; Reproduction; Plethodon serratus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A knowledge-based approach to the assessment of watershed condition AN - 17719914; 4793933 AB - The Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system is an application framework for knowledge-based decision support of ecological assessments. EMDS integrates geographic information system and knowledge base system technologies to provide an analytical tool for environmental assessment and monitoring. The basic objective of EMDS is to improve the quality and completeness of environmental assessments and the efficiency with which they are performed. The USDA Forest Service and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have cooperatively developed an EMDS knowledge base for watershed condition assessment. Specifically, this knowledge base evaluates watershed processes, patterns, general effects of human activity, and fisheries habitat suitability. Such assessments are based on spatially explicit input data concerning current conditions and reference conditions which are subsequently interpreted by user-defined "fuzzy" membership functions. In this paper we describe basic components of our knowledge base for assessing watershed condition and illustrate its application within northern Idaho and northwestern Montana. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Jensen, ME AU - Reynolds, K AU - Andreasen, J AU - Goodman, IA AD - USDA, Forest Service, Ecological Applications Service Team, 200 E., Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA A2 - Sandhu, SS A2 - Melzian, BD A2 - Long, ER A2 - Whitford, WG A2 - Walton, BT Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 271 EP - 283 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Postbus 17 Dordrecht 3300 AA Netherlands VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - EMDS KW - USA, Idaho KW - USA, Montana KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Environmental Quality KW - Decision support systems KW - Water Quality KW - Environmental quality standards KW - Decision Making KW - Watersheds KW - Fishing and fisheries KW - Assessments KW - Catchment areas KW - Fisheries KW - Geographic information systems KW - Decision theory KW - Monitoring KW - River Basin Management KW - River basin management KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17719914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=A+knowledge-based+approach+to+the+assessment+of+watershed+condition&rft.au=Jensen%2C+ME%3BReynolds%2C+K%3BAndreasen%2C+J%3BGoodman%2C+IA&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006489624154 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Watersheds; Decision support systems; Geographic information systems; Catchment areas; Environmental quality standards; Monitoring; Decision theory; River basin management; Water quality (Natural waters); Fishing and fisheries; Assessments; Environmental Quality; Fisheries; Water Quality; Decision Making; River Basin Management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006489624154 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An integrated ecosystem assessment of the Interior Columbia Basin AN - 17719134; 4793915 AB - Driven by the need to replace interim direction, address recent species listings as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act, and break the gridlock of implementing actions, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (FS) and the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), initiated an effort to develop a scientifically-sound, ecosystem-based strategy for lands they administer in the Interior Columbia Basin. The effort included an integrated assessment of 58.3 million ha in seven states describing the Basin's current conditions and risks associated with different management strategies. The assessment provides the foundation for environmental impact statements outlining management direction for 31 million hectares of FS and BLM administered lands. The process produced a framework for ecosystem management, ecosystem component (social, economic, landscape, terrestrial, and aquatic) assessments, and estimates of ecological integrity and socioeconomic resiliency. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Graham, R T AU - Quigley, T M AU - Gravenmier, R AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1221 South Main Moscow, ID, USA, rgraham/rmrs_moscow@fs.fed.us A2 - Sandhu, SS A2 - Melzian, BD A2 - Long, ER A2 - Whitford, WG A2 - Walton, BT Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 31 EP - 40 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Postbus 17 Dordrecht 3300 AA Netherlands VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - USA, Interior Columbia Basin KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - River Basins KW - Ecosystems KW - Land Management KW - Land KW - Wildlife KW - Resources Management KW - Ecology KW - Risk KW - Catchment areas KW - Ecosystem analysis KW - Planning KW - Ecosystem management KW - Wildlife Management KW - Resources KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17719134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=An+integrated+ecosystem+assessment+of+the+Interior+Columbia+Basin&rft.au=Graham%2C+R+T%3BQuigley%2C+T+M%3BGravenmier%2C+R&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006482232447 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecosystem analysis; Planning; Ecosystem management; Ecology; Catchment areas; Land; Wildlife; Resources; Risk; River Basins; Land Management; Ecosystems; Resources Management; Wildlife Management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006482232447 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigating the mode of action of natural phytotoxins AN - 17718957; 4793783 AB - The potential use of natural phytotoxins (including allelochemicals) to develop novel tools for weed management is enhanced by the elucidation of their modes of action. This approach has not been emphasized by the agrochemical industry, although the possibility of discovering new target sites may be promising, since natural products tend to have modes of action different from synthetic herbicides. The approach of testing a compound on all known herbicide molecular target sites for commercial herbicides and other potent phytotoxins is feasible. However, this would preclude the discovery of new mechanisms of action. Discovering new target sites requires more challenging holistic approaches, initiated with physiological and biochemical studies that use whole plant assays. Studying basic plant responses to a compound may yield important clues to the specific physiological processes affected by the compounds and uncover novel mechanisms of action. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Dayan, F E AU - Romagni, J G AU - Duke, SO AD - Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 8048, University, Mississippi 38677, USA Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 2079 EP - 2094 VL - 26 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Agricultural practices KW - Allelochemicals KW - Phytotoxins KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Weed control KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17718957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Investigating+the+mode+of+action+of+natural+phytotoxins&rft.au=Dayan%2C+F+E%3BRomagni%2C+J+G%3BDuke%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Dayan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2079&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytotoxins; Weed control; Allelochemicals; Defense mechanisms; Agricultural practices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation and Detoxification of Halogenated Fumigants by Ammonium Thiosulfate AN - 17718577; 4796221 AB - Fumigants are commonly used at high rates (100-400 kg ha super(-1)) in warm regions to control soil-borne pests. Many fumigants, however, tend to move easily from the treated soil into the atmosphere or groundwater, resulting in air or groundwater pollution. We studied the transformation of the fumigants methyl bromide (MeBr), propargyl bromide (PBr), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), chloropicrin (CP), and methyl iodide (Mel) by fertilizer ammonium thiosulfate (ATS). All fumigants were rapidly dehalogenated by thiosulfate via nucleophilic substitution, and the rate of transformation followed the order MeBr approximately Mel > PBr > 1,3-D > CP. For all fumigants, the reaction followed second-order kinetics with activation energy of similar to 73 kJ mol super(-1), suggesting a similar rate-limiting step. In soil, amendment of ATS at 1.0 mmol kg super(-1) accelerated fumigant dissipation by 21-63 times for MeBr, Mel, and PBr and by 4.6-5.5 times for 1,3-D and CP. Preliminary toxicity assays using the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fisheri showed that ATS transformation largely eliminated the acute toxicity of fumigants to this organism. These results suggest that thiosulfate transformation of halogenated fumigants is likely a benign chemical approach that may be used for mitigating environmental and health risks in fumigation. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Wang, Q AU - Gan, J AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Yates AD - U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Soil Physics & Pesticides Research Unit, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, jgan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 01 SP - 3717 EP - 3721 VL - 34 IS - 17 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - 1,3-dichloropropene KW - Vibrio fischeri KW - ammonium thiosulfate KW - chloropicrin KW - methyl bromide KW - methyl iodide KW - propargyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Detoxification KW - Bacteria KW - Toxicity KW - Fumigation KW - Fertilizers KW - Bioassays KW - Halogenated compounds KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17718577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Transformation+and+Detoxification+of+Halogenated+Fumigants+by+Ammonium+Thiosulfate&rft.au=Wang%2C+Q%3BGan%2C+J%3BPapiernik%2C+S+K%3BYates&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=3717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Detoxification; Halogenated compounds; Fertilizers; Toxicity; Bioassays; Bacteria; Fumigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism, excretion and distribution of the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol-A in conventional and bile-duct cannulated rats AN - 17717826; 4794444 AB - super(14)C-TBBP-A (2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)propane) was administered orally to the conventional and bile-duct cannulated male Sprague-Dawley rat (2.0 mg/kg body weight). Urine, bile and faeces were collected daily for 72 h, and selected tissues were removed for distribution studies. Faeces was the major route of elimination of TBBP-A in the conventional rat (91.7 % of dose), and urine was a minor elimination route (0.3 %). Enterohepatic circulation was suggested by biliary excretion of 71.3 % and faecal excretion of 26.7 % of the administered radioactivity in the bile-duct cannulated rat. super(14)C-labelled residues in tissues were 2 % in the conventional rat, and < 1 % in the bile-duct cannulated rat. The large and small intestines contained the majority of the tissue super(14)C activity for both groups of rat. Levels of TBBP-A in liver were < 0.1 %, and in fat were below the level of quantification. Three metabolites were characterized in 0-24 h bile samples. Glucuronic acid and sulphate ester conjugates were characterized by mass spectrometry. More than 95 % of the extractable faecal super(14)C was identified as parent TBBP-A. Negligible amounts of TBBP-A-derived super(14)C were associated with carrier proteins in the urine and bile. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Hakk, H AU - Larsen, G AU - Bergman, A AU - Oern, U AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, PO Box 5674-University Station, Fargo, ND 58105, USA, hakkh@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 881 EP - 890 VL - 30 IS - 9 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - rats KW - flame retardant chemicals KW - tetrabromobisphenol-A KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Distribution KW - Elimination KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17717826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Metabolism%2C+excretion+and+distribution+of+the+flame+retardant+tetrabromobisphenol-A+in+conventional+and+bile-duct+cannulated+rats&rft.au=Hakk%2C+H%3BLarsen%2C+G%3BBergman%2C+A%3BOern%2C+U&rft.aulast=Hakk&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elimination; Distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interspecific Interactions Between Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Laboratory Bioassays AN - 17716942; 4793717 AB - Experiments were conducted to examine competitive interactions between the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (FST), and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (EST), using groups of termites with different worker:soldier proportions. Experiments were conducted using three connected test chambers: an FST chamber, an unoccupied center chamber, and an EST chamber. When groups of FST were comprised of 20% soldiers versus 2% EST soldiers, only 8% of center chambers were occupied exclusively by EST. When groups of FST were comprised of 10% soldiers versus 1% EST soldiers, 44% of center chambers were occupied exclusively by EST. When the only food source was located in the center chamber, 60% of center chambers were occupied by both species. FST did not completely displace EST in any of these experiments. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Cornelius, M L AU - Osbrink, WLA AD - USDA--ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA, mcorneli@commserver.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 757 EP - 770 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Isoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Rhinotermitidae KW - Reticulitermes flavipes KW - Population structure KW - Coptotermes formosanus KW - Competition KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17716942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Interspecific+Interactions+Between+Coptotermes+formosanus+and+Reticulitermes+flavipes+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29+in+Laboratory+Bioassays&rft.au=Cornelius%2C+M+L%3BOsbrink%2C+WLA&rft.aulast=Cornelius&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reticulitermes flavipes; Coptotermes formosanus; Rhinotermitidae; Population structure; Competition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of soil solarization and cover crops on populations of selected soilborne plant pathogens in Western Oregon AN - 17702152; 4783796 AB - Field experiments were conducted in silty-clay loam in Corvallis, OR during the summers of 1995 and 1996 to study the effects of green manure cover crops (Sudan grass, rape, and barley), soil solarization, soil fumigation, and combinations of those treatments on population densities of soil pathogens Verticillium dahliae, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pratylenchus penetrans, and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Nylon mesh bags containing soil infested with V. dahliae and Phytophthora cinnamomi were buried 5, 10, 20, and 30 cm deep. Soil solarization was performed over a 54- to 59-day period using a 0.6-mil clear polyethylene film. Maximum soil temperatures recorded at depths of 5, 10, 20, and 30 cm were 53, 48, 39, and 34 degree C in solarized soil, respectively; these temperatures were 8 to 16 degree C higher than in corresponding nonsolarized plots. Soil samples were collected before, during, and after solarization to quantify pathogen populations at those four depths. Pot or field studies were conducted subsequent to treatments to determine the effects of treatments on susceptible plants. Soil solarization, cover crops plus solarization, or fumigation with metam sodium resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in density of P. cinnamomi populations at all four depths and reduced (P < 0.05) V. dahliae at 5 and 10 cm. In greenhouse assays of solarized soils, disease severity was reduced (P < 0.05) for Verticillium spp. on eggplant and Phytophthora spp. on snapdragons. Cover crops alone were not effective in reducing P. cinnamomi and V. dahliae populations. Agrobacterium spp. population densities declined within solarized plots and incidence of crown gall on 'Mazzard' cherry rootstock planted in solarized plots was reduced significantly. Population densities of Pratylenchus penetrans were reduced in the upper 30-cm soil profile by solarization. Solarization for an 8-week period during the warmest months of summer could provide an additional management alternative for several important soilborne pathogens in western Oregon. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pinkerton, J N AU - Ivors, K L AU - Miller, M L AU - Moore, L W AD - USDA-ARS-HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA, pinkertj@bcc.orst.edu Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 952 EP - 960 VL - 84 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - USA, Oregon, Corvallis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Agrobacterium rhizogenes KW - Plant protection KW - Verticillium dahliae KW - Cover crops KW - Phytophthora cinnamomi KW - Pathogens KW - Solar radiation KW - Pratylenchus penetrans KW - Soils (loam) KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17702152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effect+of+soil+solarization+and+cover+crops+on+populations+of+selected+soilborne+plant+pathogens+in+Western+Oregon&rft.au=Pinkerton%2C+J+N%3BIvors%2C+K+L%3BMiller%2C+M+L%3BMoore%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=952&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Verticillium dahliae; Phytophthora cinnamomi; Pratylenchus penetrans; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Plant protection; Plant diseases; Cover crops; Solar radiation; Soils (loam); Pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic Benefits Resulting From Irrigation Water Use: Theory and an Application to Groundwater Use AN - 17680818; 4769688 AB - Traditional economic analysis using a crop production function approach has assumed that all variable factors, including irrigation water, are fully employed in the crop production process. However, this paper first demonstrates that economic benefits of irrigation water are overestimated when the crop production function, and therefore the irrigation water demand function, is expressed in terms of irrigation water supplied, rather than consumptive irrigation water use. Second, the paper demonstrates that the magnitude of the estimation bias is proportional to the rate of irrigation water losses through leaching, runoff and evaporation. Consequently, the model misspecification problem would lead to increased irrigation water use and reduce incentives for farmers to adopt improved irrigation technologies. JF - Environmental & Resource Economics AU - Kim, C AU - Schaible, G D AD - Resource Economics Division, Rm. 4057, Economic Research Service, USDA, 1800 M Str., NW, Washington, DC 20036-5831, USA, ckim@econ.ag.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 73 EP - 87 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0924-6460, 0924-6460 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Irrigation Practices KW - Leaching KW - Water Management KW - Evaporation KW - Water Demand KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Water Supply KW - Economic Aspects KW - Groundwater KW - Runoff KW - Water Use KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17680818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=Economic+Benefits+Resulting+From+Irrigation+Water+Use%3A+Theory+and+an+Application+to+Groundwater+Use&rft.au=Kim%2C+C%3BSchaible%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=09246460&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irrigation Practices; Water Management; Leaching; Water Demand; Evaporation; Agricultural Practices; Water Supply; Economic Aspects; Groundwater; Runoff; Water Use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spectrum and transferability of beta -lactam resistance in hospital strains of Enterobacter isolated in Bratislava and Innsbruck AN - 17640224; 4755892 AB - The transferability and expression of beta -lactam resistance were compared in multiresistant clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp. collected from different hospitals in Bratislava, Slovakia (n = 15) and Innsbruck, Austria (n = 19) during 1996-1997. The strains from Bratislava were resistant to ampicillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. All strains from Innsbruck were resistant to ampicillin and cefoxitin; 17 were also resistant to ceftazidime and aztreonam but the majority remained susceptible to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. All strains were susceptible to cefepime and imipenem. The majority of the tested strains transferred resistance determinants to E. coli recipient by conjugation. Production of beta -lactamase including ESBL was the major mechanism of beta -lactam resistance. Large plasmids of 77-88 and 91 kb were confirmed in clinical isolates from Bratislava and Innsbruck. JF - International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents AU - Bujdakova, H AU - Klimackova, J AU - Allerberger, F AU - Moravcikova, M AU - Bagova, M AU - Hanzen, J AU - Michalkova-Papajova, D AU - Dierich, M P AU - Kettner, M AD - Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, bujdakova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 31 EP - 36 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0924-8579, 0924-8579 KW - Austria, Innesbruck KW - Slovakia, Bratislava KW - ampicillin KW - cefotaxime KW - cefoxitin KW - ceftazidime KW - ceftriaxone KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Conjugation KW - Enterobacter KW - Multidrug resistance KW - ^b-Lactamase KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - ^b-Lactam antibiotics KW - J 02785:Beta-lactam antibiotics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17640224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Spectrum+and+transferability+of+beta+-lactam+resistance+in+hospital+strains+of+Enterobacter+isolated+in+Bratislava+and+Innsbruck&rft.au=Bujdakova%2C+H%3BKlimackova%2C+J%3BAllerberger%2C+F%3BMoravcikova%2C+M%3BBagova%2C+M%3BHanzen%2C+J%3BMichalkova-Papajova%2C+D%3BDierich%2C+M+P%3BKettner%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bujdakova&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.issn=09248579&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0924-8579%2800%2900303-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterobacter; ^b-Lactam antibiotics; Antibiotic resistance; Multidrug resistance; Conjugation; ^b-Lactamase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(00)00303-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cre-Iox site-specific recombination between Arabidopsis and tobacco chromosomes AN - 17634565; 4782294 AB - To create hybrid chromosomes, we tested the Cre-Iox system to mediate recombination between Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum chromosomes. Protoplasts of the two plants were fused to allow site-specific recombination to join a promoter from tobacco to a hygromycin resistance coding-region from Arabidopsis. The expected recombination junction was detected in hygromycin-resistant calli. Analysis of one hybrid suspension cell line revealed the presence of markers corresponding to the north arm of Arabidopsis chromosome III, but not markers from other chromosome arms. However, these markers were not detected in regenerated plants. With a second hybrid cell line we obtained a single hygromycin-resistant progeny from approximately 18 000 self-fertilized seeds of one regenerated plant. Molecular analysis of this hybrid indicated that a small portion of the north arm of Arabidopsis chromosome V is present in the tobacco genome. However, neither the recombination junction nor Arabidopsis DNA was detected in tissue from the plant grown without selection or in the subsequent generation. Thus interspecies transfer of a chromosome arm between plant cells is possible, but maintenance of the hybrid chromosome in a plant is unlikely. The feasibility of site-specific recombination between genomes of different species offers new possibilities for engineering hybrid chromosomes that may be maintained in cell culture. JF - Plant Journal AU - Koshinsky, HA AU - Lee, E AU - Ow, D W AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA/ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA, ow@pgec.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 715 EP - 722 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - tobacco KW - chromosome III KW - chromosome V KW - hygromycin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Chromosomes KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - Cre recombinase KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17634565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=Cre-Iox+site-specific+recombination+between+Arabidopsis+and+tobacco+chromosomes&rft.au=Koshinsky%2C+HA%3BLee%2C+E%3BOw%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Koshinsky&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Journal&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-313X.2000.00839.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum; Chromosomes; Cre recombinase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2000.00839.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Murine monoclonal antibodies specific for lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O26 and O111 AN - 17632346; 4784026 AB - Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 12F5 reacted with 35 Escherichia coli O26 isolates and cross-reacted with 1 of 365 non-E. coli O26 isolates. MAb 15C4 reacted with 30 E. coli O111 strains and 8 Salmonella O35 strains (possessing identical O antigen) but not with 362 other bacterial strains. Lipopolysaccharide immunoblots confirmed MAb O-antigen specificity. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Rivera-Betancourt, M AU - Keen, JE AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P. O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA, keen@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 4124 EP - 4127 VL - 66 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - O antigen KW - double prime O antigen KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ^AO antigen KW - Immunoblotting KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Cross-reaction KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - J 02821:Assays KW - W2 32375:Antibodies KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17632346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Murine+monoclonal+antibodies+specific+for+lipopolysaccharide+of+Escherichia+coli+O26+and+O111&rft.au=Rivera-Betancourt%2C+M%3BKeen%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Rivera-Betancourt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.66.9.4124-4127.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Monoclonal antibodies; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Immunoblotting; Cross-reaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.9.4124-4127.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assay for detection of the ail gene of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica AN - 17631625; 4784006 AB - In this report we describe the development and evaluation of a fluorogenic PCR assay for the detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. The assay targets the chromosomally encoded attachment and invasion gene, ail. Three primer-probe sets (TM1, TM2, and TM3) amplifying different, yet overlapping, regions of ail were examined for their specificity and sensitivity. All three primer-probe sets were able to detect between 0.25 and 0.5 pg of purified Y. enterocolitica DNA. TM1 identified all 26 Y. enterocolitica strains examined. TM3 was able to detect all strains except one, whereas TM2 was unable to detect 10 of the Y. enterocolitica strains tested. None of the primer-probe sets cross-reacted with any of the 21 non-Y. enterocolitica strains examined. When the TM1 set was utilized, the fluorogenic PCR assay was able to detect less than or equal to 4 Y. enterocolitica CFU/ml in pure culture and 10 Y. enterocolitica CFU/ml independent of the presence of 10 super(8) CFU of contaminating bacteria per ml. This set was also capable of detecting less than or equal to 1 CFU of Y. enterocolitica per g of ground pork or feces after a 24-h enrichment in a Yersinia selective broth. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jourdan, AD AU - Johnson, S C AU - Wesley, I V AD - USDA ARS National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA, ajourdan@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 3750 EP - 3755 VL - 66 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - ail gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Culture KW - Fluorescence KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - Feces KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17631625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+fluorogenic+5%27+nuclease+PCR+assay+for+detection+of+the+ail+gene+of+pathogenic+Yersinia+enterocolitica&rft.au=Jourdan%2C+AD%3BJohnson%2C+S+C%3BWesley%2C+I+V&rft.aulast=Jourdan&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.66.9.3750-3755.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yersinia enterocolitica; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Fluorescence; Culture; Feces DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.9.3750-3755.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Size-selective sieving for detecting teliospores of Tilletia indica in wheat seed samples AN - 17630505; 4783957 AB - A method was developed to isolate teliospores of Tilletia indica from infested grain. The technique was evaluated to determine its sensitivity for detection and quantification of teliospores, the time required to conduct an individual test, and its utility for the detection and identification of the pathogen for phytosanitary regulation and seed certification. A seed wash of a 50-g grain sample was washed through 53- mu m and 20- mu m pore size nylon screens to remove unwanted debris and to concentrate and isolate teliospores. The material retained in the 20- mu m screen was suspended for direct microscopic examination or plated on water agar for teliospore germination and identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing two pairs of T. indica-specific primers. The reliability of detection for both light microscopy and PCR are 100% at an infestation of five teliospores per 50-g sample. The proportion of teliospores recovered from grain samples artificially infested with T. indica was 0, 82, 88, 81, and 82%, respectively, at infestation levels of 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 teliospores per 50-g wheat sample. Extraction efficiency was comparable to the centrifuge seed-wash method currently used by most seed health laboratories. Sample analysis using size-selective sieving was more than 83% faster than the standard centrifuge seed wash. JF - Plant Disease AU - Peterson, G L AU - Bonde, M R AU - Phillips, J G AD - USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA, peterson@ncifcrf.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 999 EP - 1007 VL - 84 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Germination KW - Seeds KW - Tilletia indica KW - Microscopy KW - Detection KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Teliospores KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17630505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Size-selective+sieving+for+detecting+teliospores+of+Tilletia+indica+in+wheat+seed+samples&rft.au=Peterson%2C+G+L%3BBonde%2C+M+R%3BPhillips%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tilletia indica; Detection; Seeds; Teliospores; Microscopy; Germination; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aldehyde emissions from particleboard and medium density fiberboard products AN - 17624879; 4772880 AB - Indoor air quality problems resulting from the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have become an issue of increasing concern. Emissions from building and furnishing materials, which are frequently constructed from particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF), are a potentially important contributor of indoor VOCs. In this research, VOC emissions from particleboard and MDF were measured in small (53-L) stainless steel chambers for 4 days. Samples were collected from 53 of the 61 U.S. mills that produce particleboard and MDF. Each mill identified the predominant tree species used to manufacture the panels. Laboratory tests were conducted at room temperature and 45 percent relative humidity. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis was used to identify and quantify VOC compounds. The predominant compounds identified in the emissions from particleboard and MDF samples were terpenes and aldehydes, although small straight-chain alcohols and ketones were also found. This study describes the aldehyde emission data, excluding formaldehyde. Emissions of small straight-chain aldehydes, such as hexanal, pentanal, heptanal, octanal, and nonanal, generally exceeded emissions of other compounds and accounted for more than 50 percent of total VOC emissions. All 53 particleboard and 16 of 18 MDF samples emitted hexanal, the most prevalent aldehyde found (excluding formaldehyde). The tests showed differences in VOC composition and emission factors by product and tree type. On average, aldehyde emissions from southern pine MDF samples considerably exceeded the aldehyde emissions from southern pine particleboard. Emissions from all other MDF samples, however, were lower than those from particleboard samples in the same species group. With the exception of formaldehyde, aldehydes are not added to the adhesives used to bond wood, and they have not previously been reported as extractable compounds in wood. Degradation of the wood or its secondary metabolites is probably responsible for the presence of the aldehydes. JF - Forest Products Journal AU - Baumann, MGD AU - Lorenz, L F AU - Batterman, SA AU - Zhang, G-Z AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 75 EP - 82 VL - 50 IS - 9 SN - 0015-7473, 0015-7473 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Wood KW - Aldehydes KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17624879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.atitle=Aldehyde+emissions+from+particleboard+and+medium+density+fiberboard+products&rft.au=Baumann%2C+MGD%3BLorenz%2C+L+F%3BBatterman%2C+SA%3BZhang%2C+G-Z&rft.aulast=Baumann&rft.aufirst=MGD&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.issn=00157473&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Indoor air pollution; Volatile organic compounds; Wood; Aldehydes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and Differentiation of Tilletia indica and T. walkeri Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction AN - 17624059; 4765615 AB - Karnal bunt of wheat, caused by Tilletia indica, was found in regions of the southwestern United States in 1996. Yield losses due to Karnal bunt are slight, and the greatest threat of Karnal bunt to the U.S. wheat industry is the loss of its export market. Many countries either prohibit or restrict wheat imports from countries with Karnal bunt. In 1997, teliospores morphologically resembling T. indica were isolated from bunted ryegrass seeds and wheat seed washes. Previously developed PCR assays failed to differentiate T. indica from the recently discovered ryegrass pathogen, T. walkeri. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.3 kb region of mitochondrial DNA, previously amplified by PCR only from T. indica, was determined for three isolates of T. indica and three isolates of T. walkeri. There was greater than 99% identity within either the T. indica group or the T. walkeri group of isolates, whereas there was approximately 3% divergence between isolates of these two Tilletia species. Five sets of PCR primers were made specific to T. indica, and three sets were designed specifically for T. walkeri based upon nucleotide differences within the mitochondrial DNA region. In addition, a 212 bp amplicon was developed as a target sequence in a fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assay using the TaqMan system for the detection and discrimination of T. indica and T. walkeri. JF - Phytopathology AU - Frederick, R D AU - Snyder, KE AU - Tooley, P W AU - Berthier-Schaad, Y AU - Peterson, G L AU - Bonde, M R AU - Schaad, N W AU - Knorr, DA AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, 1301 Ditto Avenue, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA, frederir@ncifcrf.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 951 EP - 960 VL - 90 IS - 9 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Bioassays KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Identification KW - Tilletia indica KW - Tilletia walkeri KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17624059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+Differentiation+of+Tilletia+indica+and+T.+walkeri+Using+the+Polymerase+Chain+Reaction&rft.au=Frederick%2C+R+D%3BSnyder%2C+KE%3BTooley%2C+P+W%3BBerthier-Schaad%2C+Y%3BPeterson%2C+G+L%3BBonde%2C+M+R%3BSchaad%2C+N+W%3BKnorr%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tilletia indica; Tilletia walkeri; USA; Identification; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of volatile aldehydes from Aspergillus-resistant varieties of corn on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis AN - 17536829; 4715212 AB - The fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus produce a potent class of hepatocarcinogens known as aflatoxins. Corn-derived volatile compounds have been previously found to affect growth and aflatoxin production in A. flavus. In this study, the effects on A. parasiticus of three corn-derived volatile compounds, n-decyl aldehyde, hexanal and octanal, were measured. These three compounds were previously found to be variably expressed in five Aspergillus-resistant maize strains and three susceptible strains. In this study, A. parasiticus radial growth was restricted least by n-decyl aldehyde and most by octanal. Treatments of 100 mu l of both hexanal and octanal were found to completely inhibit radial growth of the fungus using an agar plate assay method. While the volatile compound n-decyl aldehyde had less of an effect on radial growth than the other volatiles, the n-decyl aldehyde treated colonies had a predominance of uniquely aerial hyphae. These colony structures were found to have more complex hyphae and significantly fewer conidiophores than the control and other aldehyde treatments. Furthermore, aflatoxin production by the fungus was reduced by n-decyl aldehyde and hexanal, but was stimulated by octanal. The results presented here indicate that all three volatile compounds reduce radial growth but only n-decyl aldehyde significantly inhibits aflatoxin biosynthesis in A. parasiticus. JF - Toxicon AU - Wright AU - Greene-McDowelle, D M AU - Zeringue, HJ Jr AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, TE AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA, mswright@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 1215 EP - 1223 VL - 38 IS - 9 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - maize KW - aldehydes KW - grain KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plant diseases KW - Volatiles KW - Zea mays KW - Aflatoxins KW - Disease resistance KW - Aldehydes KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17536829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon&rft.atitle=Effects+of+volatile+aldehydes+from+Aspergillus-resistant+varieties+of+corn+on+Aspergillus+parasiticus+growth+and+aflatoxin+biosynthesis&rft.au=Wright%3BGreene-McDowelle%2C+D+M%3BZeringue%2C+HJ+Jr%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus parasiticus; Zea mays; Plant diseases; Disease resistance; Aflatoxins; Volatiles; Aldehydes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential influence of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) on public health: Pollen production of common ragweed as a test case AN - 17043485; 4794469 AB - Although the stimulation of plant growth by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) is usually viewed as a positive aspect of climate change, the rise in CO sub(2) is indiscriminatory with respect to the stimulation of both useful and deleterious plant species. Using common ragweed as a test case we present data showing how rising carbon dioxide since the start of the industrial revolution has influenced the potential growth and pollen production of this allergy inducing species. Data indicate that exposure to concentrations of CO sub(2) present today (370 parts per million by volume, p.p.m.v.), and that projected for the mid-20th century (600 p.p.m.v.), increased ragweed pollen productivity by 131 and 320%, respectively, compared to plants grown at pre-industrial CO sub(2) levels (280 p.p.m.v.). The observed stimulation of pollen production form the pre-industrial carbon dioxide levels was due to an increase in both the number (370 p.p.m.v.) and size (600 p.p.m.v.) of floral spikes. We also present data showing that future CO sub(2) concentrations may influence the efficacy of chemical weed control through herbicides such as "Round-up" which could alter the ability to control ragweed and other undesirable weedy species. Data from these studies suggest that rising atmospheric CO sub(2) may play a key role with respect to changes in the distribution, growth and pollen production of weedy species with potential consequences for public health. JF - World Resource Review AU - Ziska, L H AU - Caulfield, F AD - Climate Stress Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 449 EP - 457 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Climatic changes KW - Public health KW - Allergens KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Carbon dioxide KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17043485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=The+potential+influence+of+rising+atmospheric+carbon+dioxide+%28CO+sub%282%29%29+on+public+health%3A+Pollen+production+of+common+ragweed+as+a+test+case&rft.au=Ziska%2C+L+H%3BCaulfield%2C+F&rft.aulast=Ziska&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric chemistry; Carbon dioxide; Public health; Climatic changes; Allergens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoration of a severely impacted riparian wetland system - The Pen Branch Project AN - 17038975; 4796559 JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Barton, C AU - Nelson, E A AU - Kolka, R K AU - McLeod, K W AU - Conner, W H AU - Lakly, M AU - Martin, D AU - Wigginton, J AU - Trettin, C C AU - Wisniewski, J AD - Center for Forested Wetlands Research, USDA Forest Service, SREL - Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA, barton@srel.edu Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - S3 EP - S15 VL - 15 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Restoration KW - Riparian environments KW - Environmental restoration KW - Wetlands KW - Environment management KW - USA, South Carolina, Pen Branch KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17038975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+a+severely+impacted+riparian+wetland+system+-+The+Pen+Branch+Project&rft.au=Barton%2C+C%3BNelson%2C+E+A%3BKolka%2C+R+K%3BMcLeod%2C+K+W%3BConner%2C+W+H%3BLakly%2C+M%3BMartin%2C+D%3BWigginton%2C+J%3BTrettin%2C+C+C%3BWisniewski%2C+J&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Riparian environments; Wetlands; Environment management; Restoration; Environmental restoration; USA, South Carolina, Pen Branch; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heat Stress Proteins Encoded on Plasmids in Different Strains of Streptococcus thermophilus AN - 1448207564; 18619898 AB - Streptococcus thermophilus is used extensively for industrial fermentation of dairy products. Some strains of S. thermophilus are known to carry plasmids, and many of these plasmids are suspected of encoding low-molecular-weight heat stress proteins (Hsps) that may aid in survival under stressful conditions. In order to confirm the presence and examine the similarity of these low-molecular-weight Hsps, genes were identified and sequenced encoding Hsps on plasmids pER16 (4.5 kb), pER35 (10 kb), and pER36 (3.7 kb) from three different strains of S. thermophilus. The plasmid replication proteins were also sequenced to examine their relatedness. Amino acid sequence comparisons of the Hsps and of the replication proteins revealed a high degree of identity suggesting a common origin. Heat stress proteins enhance the viability of bacteria in extreme environments, and the presence of an Hsp encoded on a plasmid may enhance survival of S. thermophilus under harsh production conditions. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Solow, Barbara Thurston AU - Somkuti, George A AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, US Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 177 EP - 181 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Amino acid sequence KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - Plasmids KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - G 07770:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448207564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Low-Molecular-Weight+Heat+Stress+Proteins+Encoded+on+Plasmids+in+Different+Strains+of+Streptococcus+thermophilus&rft.au=Solow%2C+Barbara+Thurston%3BSomkuti%2C+George+A&rft.aulast=Solow&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002840010114 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasmids; Streptococcus thermophilus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002840010114 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of nonphenolic lignin by the laccase/1-hydroxybenzotriazole system AN - 17659954; 4767618 AB - Phenolic and nonphenolic (permethylated) synthetic [ super(14)C]lignins were depolymerized by Trametes villosa laccase in the presence of a radical mediator, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT). Gel permeation chromatography of the treated lignins showed that similar to 10%, of their substructures were cleaved. The system also cleaved a beta -O-4-linked model compound, 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxy-ring-[ super(14)C]phenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)- propane-1,3-diol, and a beta -1-linked model, 1,2-bis-(3-methoxy-4-[ super(14)C]methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-diol, that represent nonphenolic substructures in lignin. High performance liquid chromatography of products from the oxidized models showed that they were produced in sufficient yields to account for the ability of laccase/HOBT to depolymerize nonphenolic lignin. JF - Journal of Biotechnology AU - Srebotnik, E AU - Hammel, KE AD - Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705, USA, kehammel@facstaff.wise.edu Y1 - 2000/08/25/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Aug 25 SP - 179 EP - 188 VL - 81 IS - 2-3 SN - 0168-1656, 0168-1656 KW - 1-hydroxybenzotriazole KW - lignin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Laccase KW - Trametes villosa KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17659954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+nonphenolic+lignin+by+the+laccase%2F1-hydroxybenzotriazole+system&rft.au=Srebotnik%2C+E%3BHammel%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Srebotnik&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-08-25&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01681656&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1656%2800%2900303-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trametes villosa; Laccase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(00)00303-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgenic expression of the TRI101 or PDR5 gene increases resistance of tobacco to the phytotoxic effects of the trichothecene 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol AN - 17818560; 4858727 AB - Mycotoxins are fungal secondary compounds that are toxic to vertebrates. Their presence in food and feeds, as the result of fungal disease in crops, can present a danger to animal or human health. Many mycotoxins have also been shown to be phytotoxic and in some cases, such as with trichothecenes produced by the wheat head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum, mycotoxins may act as virulence factors. Antibiotic-producing organisms, including fungi, protect themselves from their own toxins by metabolic alteration of the compound, modification of the target site of action or by exporting the compound to the extracellular space. We have tested the effectiveness of adapting two of these strategies, metabolic alteration and extracellular transport, to protect plant cells from the deleterious effects of the trichothecene 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS). Tobacco plants were transformed with either the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene PDR5, which encodes a multi-drug transporter, or with the Fusarium sporotrichioides gene TRI101, which encodes a trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase. Both genes conferred significant increased tolerance to DAS as measured by a sensitive seed germination assay. Expression of PDR5 or TRI101 in a seed-specific manner in crop plants such as wheat could lower the incidence of head blight as well as reduce mycotoxin levels within the seed. JF - Plant Science AU - Muhitch, MJ AU - McCormick, S P AU - Alexander, N J AU - Hohn, T M AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2000/08/22/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Aug 22 SP - 201 EP - 207 VL - 157 IS - 2 SN - 0168-9452, 0168-9452 KW - phytotoxicity KW - tobacco KW - budding yeast KW - Tobacco KW - 4,15-Diacetoxyscirpenol KW - 4,15- double prime diacetoxyscirpenol KW - PDR5 gene KW - TRI101 gene KW - phytotoxins KW - trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase KW - trichothecenes KW - wheat head blight KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol KW - Tolerance KW - Phytotoxins KW - Fusarium sporotrichioides KW - Disease resistance KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Toxins KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Nicotiana KW - Mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - G 07120:Recombinant DNA/Genetic engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17818560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Science&rft.atitle=Transgenic+expression+of+the+TRI101+or+PDR5+gene+increases+resistance+of+tobacco+to+the+phytotoxic+effects+of+the+trichothecene+4%2C15-diacetoxyscirpenol&rft.au=Muhitch%2C+MJ%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BAlexander%2C+N+J%3BHohn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Muhitch&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2000-08-22&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Science&rft.issn=01689452&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium graminearum; Nicotiana tabacum; Fusarium sporotrichioides; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Nicotiana; Mycotoxins; Tolerance; Toxins; Phytotoxins; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bone-related mineral content of water samples collected on the Navajo reservation AN - 17618875; 4762482 AB - Although dairy food intake is low among the Navajo people, hip fracture rates are lower than in Caucasians. Genetic differences in bone density have been cited as the reasons for low fracture rates among Native Americans and other segments of the population. However, more detailed examination of mineral intakes suggests that environmental factors may provide part of the explanation for the lower fracture rates. Cultural practices such as the addition of ash to traditional foods and the high mineral content of water may provide much higher intakes of bone-related minerals than food intake surveys have previously reported. As part of a larger study to assess overall intake of minerals related to bone health and other conditions, water samples were collected from the Navajo reservation. Duplicates were collected at least one week apart from 53 sites including wells, springs, taps, and storage barrels and analyzed by atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry for a number of minerals. For average intakes of 2 1/day, water could provide up to 212 mg of calcium, 150 mg of magnesium and 8 mg of zinc. The combined contribution of mineral intakes provided by the addition of juniper ash to traditional foods, not genetic differences, may partially explain the lower fracture rates of the Navajo people. Further research in this area is required to confirm this hypothesis. JF - Toxicology AU - Hallfrisch, J AU - Veillon, C AU - Patterson, KY AU - Hill, AD AU - Benn, I AU - Holiday, B AU - Burns, R AU - Zhonnie, S AU - Price, F AU - Sorenson, A AD - Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Room 126, Building 308, BARC-East, ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, hallfrisch@bhnrc.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/08/21/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Aug 21 SP - 143 EP - 148 VL - 149 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Native Americans KW - man KW - USA, Southwest KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Water sampling KW - Fractures KW - Bone density KW - Dairy products KW - Population studies KW - Nutrition KW - Dietary intake KW - Bone mineral content KW - Water chemistry KW - Atomic absorption analysis KW - Minerals KW - Ethnic groups KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - T 20048:Nutrition and balance studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17618875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Bone-related+mineral+content+of+water+samples+collected+on+the+Navajo+reservation&rft.au=Hallfrisch%2C+J%3BVeillon%2C+C%3BPatterson%2C+KY%3BHill%2C+AD%3BBenn%2C+I%3BHoliday%2C+B%3BBurns%2C+R%3BZhonnie%2C+S%3BPrice%2C+F%3BSorenson%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hallfrisch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-08-21&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Minerals; Atomic absorption analysis; Ethnic groups; Dietary intake; Dairy products; Water sampling; Bone density; Fractures; Nutrition; Bone mineral content; Population studies; Water chemistry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Function, effects, and management of forest roads AN - 17566733; 4747330 AB - We propose a unified approach to the management and analysis of the function and effects of roads on forested rural landscapes. The approach is based on considering roads as ecosystems (techno-ecosystems) and conducting analyses of road ecology prior to making policy or management decisions. An ecosystem approach to road issues has four advantages: (1) allows for the analysis of all types of roads irrespective of geographic location; (2) provides a holistic framework for analyzing all aspects of roads from their alignment to their operation and decommissioning as well as all road functions irrespective of value judgment; (3) provides a holistic focus to their management; and (4) supplements landscape management approaches based on spatial concepts. We present five precautions to be considered when evaluating road ecosystems: (1) identify the type of road under consideration; (2) differentiate the effects and conditions of individual road segments from those of road networks; (3) be explicit about what phase of road development the argument applies because different phases of development have different effects on the landscape; (4) ascertain the age of the road and evaluate the degree of landscape adjustment to the road and vice versa; and (5) not to prejudge human-induced changes in landscapes as automatically good or bad for the ecology or economy of a region. This ecosystem focus and guiding principles are applied to several issues that road policy and management activities must address. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Lugo, A E AU - Gucinski, H AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, PO BOX 25000, 00928-5000 Rio Piedras Puerto Rico Y1 - 2000/08/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Aug 15 SP - 249 EP - 262 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 133 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Roads KW - Rural environments KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17566733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Function%2C+effects%2C+and+management+of+forest+roads&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E%3BGucinski%2C+H&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-08-15&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900237-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Roads; Rural environments; Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00237-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanical Mouse Lure for Brown Treesnakes AN - 17716963; 4791197 AB - The importance of prey movement for stimulating feeding behavior of Brown Treesnakes was tested by using a mechanical mouse model in combination with and without prey odor. Prey movement was found to be important in stimulating brown treesnake feeding behavior. Prey movement combined with prey odor was not significantly different than prey movement alone. In the development of simple artificial lures based on the stimulus of live mice, visual lures lacking movement are likely to be ineffective. Lures that combine a visual moving stimulus with prey odor are likely to be the most effective artificial lure for trapping brown treesnakes. JF - Copeia AU - Lindberg, A C AU - Shivik, JA AU - Clark, L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, john.shivik@usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08/04/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Aug 04 SP - 886 EP - 888 VL - 2000 IS - 3 SN - 0045-8511, 0045-8511 KW - Brown tree snake KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Visual stimuli KW - Control programs KW - Catching methods KW - Boiga irregularis KW - Olfactory stimuli KW - Feeding behavior KW - Y 25884:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17716963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Copeia&rft.atitle=Mechanical+Mouse+Lure+for+Brown+Treesnakes&rft.au=Lindberg%2C+A+C%3BShivik%2C+JA%3BClark%2C+L&rft.aulast=Lindberg&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-08-04&rft.volume=2000&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=886&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Copeia&rft.issn=00458511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boiga irregularis; Feeding behavior; Visual stimuli; Olfactory stimuli; Control programs; Catching methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Nitrogen Dynamics in the Lye Brook Wilderness Area, Vermont, USA AN - 755135099; 13635435 AB - Nitrogen (N) deposition and its impact on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is a concern facing federal land managers at the Lye Brook Wilderness in Vermont and other protected aras throughout the northeastern United States. In this study, we compared N production in soils with N concentrations and outputs in leachates to determine how forest cover types differ in regulating N losses. Also, precipitation inputs and modeled estimates of streamwater outputs were used to calculate a watershed N budget. Most ammonium and nitrate were produced in organic soils with deciduous cover. Softwood stands had low net nitrification rates and minimal N leaching. A comparison of watershed inputs and outputs showed a net gain in total dissolved N (5.5 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1)) due to an accumulation of dissolved inorganic N. The Lye Brook Wilderness ecosystem has N budgets similar to other forested ecosystems in the region, and appears to be assimilating the accumulating N. However seasonal losses of nitrate observed in mineral soils and streamwater may be early warnings of the initial stages of N saturation. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Campbell, John L AU - Eagar, Christopher AU - McDowell, William H AU - Hornbeck, James W AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Durham, NH, 03824, USA Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 63 EP - 75 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 122 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Accumulation KW - Ecosystems KW - Wilderness KW - USA, Vermont KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755135099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Nitrogen+Dynamics+in+the+Lye+Brook+Wilderness+Area%2C+Vermont%2C+USA&rft.au=Campbell%2C+John+L%3BEagar%2C+Christopher%3BMcDowell%2C+William+H%3BHornbeck%2C+James+W&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005258814565 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wilderness; Ecosystems; USA, Vermont DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005258814565 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface flux estimation using radiometric temperature; a dual-temperature-difference method to minimize measurement errors AN - 742920923; 2010-057118 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Norman, J M AU - Kustas, W P AU - Prueger, J H AU - Diak, G R Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 2263 EP - 2274 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - soils KW - double difference methods KW - vegetation KW - satellite methods KW - emissivity KW - dual-temperature-difference method KW - temperature KW - measurement KW - models KW - monsoons KW - errors KW - heat flow KW - radiometric temperature KW - heat transfer KW - ground-surface temperature KW - air KW - winds KW - remote sensing KW - boundary layer KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742920923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Surface+flux+estimation+using+radiometric+temperature%3B+a+dual-temperature-difference+method+to+minimize+measurement+errors&rft.au=Norman%2C+J+M%3BKustas%2C+W+P%3BPrueger%2C+J+H%3BDiak%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000WR900033 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air; boundary layer; double difference methods; dual-temperature-difference method; emissivity; errors; ground-surface temperature; heat flow; heat transfer; measurement; models; monsoons; radiometric temperature; remote sensing; satellite methods; soils; temperature; vegetation; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900033 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and in vitro metabolism of t-permethrin in eastern subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). AN - 72254013; 10985040 AB - Toxicity and metabolism of t-permethrin were evaluated in two colonies (UF and ARS) of the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), collected in Gainesville, FL. The UF colony (LC50 = 1.86 micrograms per vial) was approximately twofold more tolerant of t-permethrin than the ARS colony (LC50 = 0.89 microgram per vial) at the LC50. The synergists piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate increased t-permethrin toxicity four- and threefold (at the LC50) in the UF and ARS colonies, respectively. Despite these differences in t-permethrin susceptibility, microsomal oxidase activities toward surrogate substrate (aldrin epoxidase, and methoxyresorufin O-demethylase), cytochrome P450 content, and microsomal esterase activity toward alpha-naphthyl acetate did not differ significantly between the colonies. Moreover, no significant differences in qualitative and quantitative metabolism of [14C]t-permethrin were observed between the UF and ARS colonies for three enzyme sources (microsomal oxidase, microsomal esterase, and cytosolic esterase). Based on in vitro metabolism assays, the major detoxification route of t-permethrin in the UF and ARS termite colonies appears to be hydrolysis catalyzed by microsomal esterases. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Valles, S M AU - Oi, F M AU - Wagner, T AU - Brenner, R J AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 1259 EP - 1264 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biological Assay KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Isoptera -- metabolism KW - Pyrethrins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72254013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+in+vitro+metabolism+of+t-permethrin+in+eastern+subterranean+termite+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29.&rft.au=Valles%2C+S+M%3BOi%2C+F+M%3BWagner%2C+T%3BBrenner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Valles&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-20 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of toxicity to adults of the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) of beta-exotoxin in Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin preparations. AN - 72253855; 10985014 AB - beta-Exotoxin (thuringiensin) was found in high titers in centrifugation supernatants and acetone/lactose powders produced from centrifugation pellets of strains Guat 1 and HD 2 of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner). Diets containing powders of either strain were toxic, diets containing Guat 1 supernatant were not toxic, diets containing HD 2 supernatant were slightly toxic, and diets containing powders or supernatants from uninoculated culturing medium spiked with beta-exotoxin were not toxic. Most mortality occurred within 3 d when flies fed on powders but not until 6-7 d when flies fed on HD 2 supernatant. These results indicated that the primary toxic principals of the powders were endotoxins/spores and that beta-exotoxin alone was not toxic to adult flies at the concentrations found in the supernatants or powders. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Garcia, J A AU - Martinez, A J AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Research, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 1076 EP - 1079 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Endotoxins KW - Sugar Acids KW - thuringiensin KW - 23526-02-5 KW - Adenosine KW - K72T3FS567 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Endotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Adenosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Diptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72253855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Lack+of+toxicity+to+adults+of+the+Mexican+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+of+beta-exotoxin+in+Bacillus+thuringiensis+endotoxin+preparations.&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BGarcia%2C+J+A%3BMartinez%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1076&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-20 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bait distribution among multiple colonies of Pharaoh ants (hymenoptera: Formicidae). AN - 72251882; 10985038 AB - Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), infestations often consist of several colonies located at different nest sites. To achieve control, it is desirable to suppress or eliminate the populations of a majority of these colonies. We compared the trophallactic distribution and efficacy of two ant baits, with different modes of action, among groups of four colonies of Pharaoh ants. Baits contained either the metabolic-inhibiting active ingredient hydramethylnon or the insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen. Within 3 wk, the hydramethylnon bait reduced worker and brood populations by at least 80%, and queen reductions ranged between 73 and 100%, when nests were in proximity (within 132 cm) to the bait source. However, these nest sites were reoccupied by ants from other colonies located further from the bait source. The pyriproxyfen bait was distributed more thoroughly to all nest locations with worker populations gradually declining by 73% at all nest sites after 8 wk. Average queen reductions ranged from 31 to 49% for all nest sites throughout the study. Even though some queens survived, brood reductions were rapid in the pyriproxyfen treatment, with reductions of 95% at all locations by week 3. Unlike the metabolic inhibitor, the IGR did not kill adult worker ants quickly, thus, more surviving worker ants were available to distribute the bait to all colonies located at different nest sites. Thus, from a single bait source, the slow-acting bait toxicant provided gradual, but long-term control, whereas the fast-acting bait toxicant provided rapid, localized control for a shorter duration. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Oi, D H AU - Vail, K M AU - Williams, D F AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 1247 EP - 1255 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Coloring Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Female KW - Ants KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72251882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Bait+distribution+among+multiple+colonies+of+Pharaoh+ants+%28hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29.&rft.au=Oi%2C+D+H%3BVail%2C+K+M%3BWilliams%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Oi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-20 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An in-field screen for early detection and monitoring of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in transgenic crops. AN - 72251713; 10985012 AB - We present a field-based approach to detect and monitor insects with resistance to insecticidal toxins produced by transgenic plants. Our objective is to estimate the phenotypic frequency of resistance in a population by relating the densities of insects on genetically transformed plants to densities on nontransformed plants. We focus on European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in sweet corn, Zea mays L., expressing Cry1Ab from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner to illustrate principles underlying the method. The probability of detecting one or more rare, resistant larvae depends on sample size, the density of larvae on nontransformed plants, and an assumed frequency of resistant phenotypes in a given population. Probability of detection increases with increases in sample size, background density, or the frequency of resistant individuals. Following binomial probability theory, if a frequency of 10(-4) is expected, 10(3)-10(4) samples must be collected from a B. thuringiensis (Bt) crop to have at least a 95% probability of locating one or more resistant larvae. In-field screens using transgenic crops have several advantages over traditional laboratory-based methods, including exposure to a large number of feral insects, discrimination of resistant individuals based on Bt dosages expressed in the field, incorporation of natural and Bt-induced mortality factors, simultaneous monitoring for more than one insect species, and ease of use. The approach is amenable to field survey crews working in research, extension, and within the seed corn industry. Estimates of the phenotypic frequency of resistance from the in-field screen can be useful for estimating initial frequency of resistant alleles. Bayesian statistical methods are outlined to estimate phenotype frequencies, allele frequencies, and associated confidence intervals from field data. Results of the approach are discussed relative to existing complementary methods currently available for O. nubilalis and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Venette, R C AU - Hutchison, W D AU - Andow, D A AD - USDA-APHIS, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA. Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 1055 EP - 1064 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - Insecticides KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Crops, Agricultural KW - Moths KW - Zea mays -- genetics KW - Endotoxins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Toxins -- genetics KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacillus thuringiensis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72251713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=An+in-field+screen+for+early+detection+and+monitoring+of+insect+resistance+to+Bacillus+thuringiensis+in+transgenic+crops.&rft.au=Venette%2C+R+C%3BHutchison%2C+W+D%3BAndow%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Venette&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1055&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-20 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new 2D-TLC bioautography method for the discovery of novel antifungal agents To control plant pathogens. AN - 72243851; 10978195 AB - A new bioassay has been developed combining the simplicity of direct bioautography with the improved chromatographic resolution of 2D-TLC. Mixtures of structurally diverse antifungal agents were tested to establish the validity and utility of this method in the discovery of new natural products with activity against agriculturally important fungal pathogens. JF - Journal of natural products AU - Wedge, D E AU - Nagle, D G AD - USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA. dwedge@olemiss.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 1050 EP - 1054 VL - 63 IS - 8 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - Antifungal Agents KW - Benzimidazoles KW - Carbamates KW - Dimethyldithiocarbamate KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Guanidines KW - Methacrylates KW - Nitriles KW - Nitrobenzenes KW - Oxazoles KW - Piperazines KW - Pyrimidines KW - Triazoles KW - Maneb KW - 12427-38-2 KW - triadimefon KW - 1HW039CJF0 KW - dodine KW - 259C423Y98 KW - tebuconazole KW - 401ATW8TRW KW - Thiophanate KW - 5Q0Y96D5I8 KW - Captan KW - EOL5G26Q9F KW - dicloran KW - F0BE9UC5J7 KW - carbendazim KW - H75J14AA89 KW - tetrachloroisophthalonitrile KW - J718M71A7A KW - vinclozolin KW - JJ258EZN1I KW - triforine KW - N1A4W8U0HH KW - Thiabendazole KW - N1Q45E87DT KW - azoxystrobin KW - NYH7Y08IPM KW - quintozene KW - Q37G40S4S8 KW - ferbam KW - SKM8W5154H KW - Index Medicus KW - Aniline Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Nitriles -- pharmacology KW - Dimethyldithiocarbamate -- pharmacology KW - Maneb -- pharmacology KW - Benzimidazoles -- pharmacology KW - Biological Assay KW - Pyrimidines -- pharmacology KW - Triazoles -- pharmacology KW - Piperazines -- pharmacology KW - Thiabendazole -- pharmacology KW - Guanidines -- pharmacology KW - Thiophanate -- pharmacology KW - Oxazoles -- pharmacology KW - Acrylates -- pharmacology KW - Captan -- pharmacology KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- pharmacology KW - Plants -- microbiology KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Colletotrichum -- drug effects KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Ascomycota -- drug effects KW - Antifungal Agents -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72243851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=A+new+2D-TLC+bioautography+method+for+the+discovery+of+novel+antifungal+agents+To+control+plant+pathogens.&rft.au=Wedge%2C+D+E%3BNagle%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Wedge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1050&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-31 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the microbial contamination of beef carcass tissue with a rapid chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate endpoint assay. AN - 72235901; 10972724 AB - A chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) endpoint assay was found to be an accurate and rapid means of gauging levels of beef carcass microbial contamination within 10 min. The assay demonstrated a high correlation with the total mesophilic bacterial and coliform surface populations from inoculated beef carcass surface tissues. This assay was tested on a set of actual beef carcass surface samples (n = 121) demonstrating the utility of the chromogenic LAL test as a means of monitoring carcass microbial contamination in a near real-time fashion. Classifying the chromogenic LAL results into four contamination groups was found to be a sound means of utilizing the resultant chromogenic LAL data for detecting carcasses with high levels of microbial contamination. For beef carcass testing, this assay can be used with no instrumentation other than the required 37 degrees C incubator and, as an option, a microplate reader. JF - Letters in applied microbiology AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Kang, D H AU - Cutter, C N AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA. siragusa@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 178 EP - 183 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Chromogenic Compounds KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Surface Properties KW - Chromogenic Compounds -- metabolism KW - Abattoirs KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Limulus Test KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72235901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+microbial+contamination+of+beef+carcass+tissue+with+a+rapid+chromogenic+Limulus+amoebocyte+lysate+endpoint+assay.&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G+R%3BKang%2C+D+H%3BCutter%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of healthcare professionals' knowledge about warfarin-vitamin K drug-nutrient interactions. AN - 72213735; 10963462 AB - Dietary vitamin K can interact with oral anticoagulant drugs and interfere with their therapeutic safety and efficacy. Therefore, knowledge about drug-nutrient interactions involving vitamin K possessed by physicians, pharmacists, dietitians and nurses practicing anticoagulant therapy was assessed. Healthcare practitioners were surveyed using a 30-question, 98-item questionnaire on the most common and/or important food interactions with warfarin, drug interactions with warfarin and general drug-nutrient interactions involving vitamin K. The study sample included 160 randomly selected healthcare providers (40 physicians, pharmacists, dietitians and nurses) from 10 hospitals with 200 to 1000 beds from six Massachusetts regions. Random selection was conducted from a pool of selected healthcare providers practicing anticoagulant therapy who counsel patients receiving warfarin. All surveys were completed within three months of the start of the study, and all participants provided usable data for statistical analysis. The mean scores (+/- SD) on the overall test were 72.5+/-9.0 for pharmacists, 62.51+/-10.6 for physicians, 56.9+/-8.8 for dietitians and 50.2+/-9.3 for nurses, with 100 being a perfect score. Pharmacists scored significantly higher in the area of drug interactions (75.9+/-11.3, p<0.05). Dietitians scored higher in the area of food interactions (73.0+/-10.3). No significant differences between physicians and pharmacists were evident on general drug-nutrient interactions. While over 87% of the healthcare professionals correctly identified some common foods containing large amounts of vitamin K, such as broccoli and spinach, fewer than 25% were able to identify others such as pea soup, coleslaw and dill pickles. Although the healthcare professionals surveyed in this study appear to have demonstrated some proficiency in their respective areas of expertise, they exhibited less knowledge in others. Therefore, additional training and integration of knowledge and expertise about drug-nutrient interactions among healthcare professionals are essential to provide appropriate patient counseling and optimal therapeutic outcomes. JF - Journal of the American College of Nutrition AU - Couris, R R AU - Tataronis, G R AU - Dallal, G E AU - Blumberg, J B AU - Dwyer, J T AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 439 EP - 445 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0731-5724, 0731-5724 KW - Anticoagulants KW - 0 KW - Vitamin K KW - 12001-79-5 KW - Warfarin KW - 5Q7ZVV76EI KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Health Personnel -- education KW - Clinical Competence KW - Food-Drug Interactions KW - Health Personnel -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72213735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+healthcare+professionals%27+knowledge+about+warfarin-vitamin+K+drug-nutrient+interactions.&rft.au=Couris%2C+R+R%3BTataronis%2C+G+R%3BDallal%2C+G+E%3BBlumberg%2C+J+B%3BDwyer%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Couris&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=07315724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amino- and urea-substituted thiazoles inhibit photosynthetic electron transfer. AN - 72202913; 10956171 AB - Amino- and urea-substituted thiazoles exhibited in vivo herbicidal activity on duckweed (Lemna paucicostata Hegelm. strain 6746) cultures and appeared to act via inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport system. A small number of the thiazole derivatives tested were active but only at relatively high concentrations. The most active structures were the amino-substituted thiazoles with isopropyl and n-butyl side chains and the urea-substituted thiazole with p-chlorophenyl side chain. Decreasing the length of the side chain had a negative effect on the PSII inhibitory activity. The urea-substituted series was as a group less active than the amino series, and the free acid series had no biological activity. The most active compounds competed for the same binding site as atrazine on PSII. Computer modeling highlighted the structural similarities between some of the thiazoles and the commercial herbicides diuron and atrazine. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Dayan, F E AU - Vincent, A C AU - Romagni, J G AU - Allen, S N AU - Duke, S O AU - Duke, M V AU - Bowling, J J AU - Zjawiony, J K AD - USDA-ARS Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677, USA. fdayan@ag.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 3689 EP - 3693 VL - 48 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Thiazoles KW - Urea KW - 8W8T17847W KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Electron Transport KW - Amines -- chemistry KW - Urea -- chemistry KW - Thiazoles -- pharmacology KW - Thiazoles -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Photosynthesis -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Angiosperms -- metabolism KW - Angiosperms -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72202913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Amino-+and+urea-substituted+thiazoles+inhibit+photosynthetic+electron+transfer.&rft.au=Dayan%2C+F+E%3BVincent%2C+A+C%3BRomagni%2C+J+G%3BAllen%2C+S+N%3BDuke%2C+S+O%3BDuke%2C+M+V%3BBowling%2C+J+J%3BZjawiony%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Dayan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of lipids with and without other cottonseed reserve materials on aflatoxin B(1) production by Aspergillus flavus. AN - 72202877; 10956158 AB - Cottonseed storage lipids (primarily triglycerides), in either crude or refined form, were found to support growth and aflatoxin B(1) production by Aspergillus flavus. When lipids were removed from ground whole cottonseed by petroleum ether extraction, aflatoxin production dropped by more than 800-fold. Reconstitution of the lipid-extracted ground whole seed with a crude preparation of cottonseed lipids restored aflatoxin production to the previous levels. Fungal utilization of the three major cottonseed reserve materials, raffinose, triglycerides (refined cottonseed oil), and cottonseed storage protein, was monitored in vitro over a 7 day fermentation period. The fermentation medium contained the reserve compounds in proportions approximating those found in mature cottonseed. A. flavus rapidly converted raffinose to fructose and melibiose, presumably by action of invertase, and then hydrolyzed the melibiose. These simple sugars apparently supported initial growth and aflatoxin B(1) production. Raffinose and the resulting melibiose were nearly exhausted by day 2. Fungal hydrolysis of triglycerides began as exhaustion of carbohydrate approached. After day 2, rapid catabolism of the released fatty acids began and coincided with glucose regeneration through gluconeogenesis, which peaked on day 6. The fungus did not preferentially utilize specific fatty acids. A. flavus also produced a number of storage metabolites, including arabitol, erythritol, mannitol, and trehalose. Mannitol was produced in much higher concentrations than the other storage metabolites. Selective use of simple carbohydrates by A. flavus to drive aflatoxin production may suggest strategies for reducing vulnerability of cottonseed to aflatoxin contamination. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Mellon, J E AU - Cotty, P J AU - Dowd, M K AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA/ARS, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. jmellon@commserver.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 3611 EP - 3615 VL - 48 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Cottonseed Oil KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Cottonseed Oil -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism KW - Lipid Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72202877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Influence+of+lipids+with+and+without+other+cottonseed+reserve+materials+on+aflatoxin+B%281%29+production+by+Aspergillus+flavus.&rft.au=Mellon%2C+J+E%3BCotty%2C+P+J%3BDowd%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Mellon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An outbreak of type C botulism in 12 horses and a mule. AN - 71759481; 10935041 AB - A USDA Early Response Team investigated deaths of several horses and a mule in northern Arizona at the request of local animal health officials. Thirteen animals (12 horses and 1 mule) housed at 5 facilities in a 7.4 square mile area died between August 1998 and January 1999. Clinical signs consisted of muscular weakness that rapidly progressed to lateral recumbency. Ten animals had paresis of the tongue, throat, or lips. Affected animals appeared alert and were interested in eating and drinking, even while recumbent. All 13 animals were euthanatized. Clostridium botulinum type C was isolated from feces or intestinal contents from 3 affected horses. Preformed toxin was detected in samples of soil and bird droppings collected from a nearby horse burial site. It was hypothesized that the outbreak was a result of birds, presumably ravens, feeding at the burial site and at horse facilities in the area that transferred toxin to the affected animals. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Schoenbaum, M A AU - Hall, S M AU - Glock, R D AU - Grant, K AU - Jenny, A L AU - Schiefer, T J AU - Sciglibaglio, P AU - Whitlock, R H AD - USDA-Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. Y1 - 2000/08/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Aug 01 SP - 340 EP - 8, 340 VL - 217 IS - 3 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - botulinum toxin type C KW - FPM7829VMX KW - Index Medicus KW - Gastrointestinal Contents -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Disease Vectors KW - Arizona -- epidemiology KW - Bird Diseases -- transmission KW - Horses KW - Birds KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Disease Outbreaks -- veterinary KW - Horse Diseases -- transmission KW - Equidae KW - Botulism -- transmission KW - Botulism -- epidemiology KW - Horse Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Botulism -- veterinary KW - Botulinum Toxins -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71759481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=An+outbreak+of+type+C+botulism+in+12+horses+and+a+mule.&rft.au=Schoenbaum%2C+M+A%3BHall%2C+S+M%3BGlock%2C+R+D%3BGrant%2C+K%3BJenny%2C+A+L%3BSchiefer%2C+T+J%3BSciglibaglio%2C+P%3BWhitlock%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Schoenbaum&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection and identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foods and bovine feces. AN - 71744298; 10945576 AB - A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was designed to simplify detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and to identify the H serogroup and the type of Shiga toxin produced by this bacterium. Primers for a plasmid-encoded hemolysin gene (hly933), and chromosomal flagella (fliCh7; flagellar structural gene of H7 serogroup), Shiga toxins (stx1, stx2), and attaching and effacing (eaeA) genes were used in a multiplex PCR for coamplification of the corresponding DNA sequences from enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7. Enrichment cultures of ground beef, blue cheese, mussels, alfalfa sprouts, and bovine feces, artificially inoculated with various levels of E. coli O157:H7 strain 933, were subjected to a simple DNA extraction step prior to the PCR, and the resulting amplification products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Sensitivity of the assay was < or = 1 CFU/g of food or bovine feces (initial inoculum level), and results could be obtained within 24 h. Similar detection levels were obtained with ground beef samples that underwent enrichment culturing immediately after inoculation and samples that were frozen or refrigerated prior to enrichment. The multiplex PCR facilitates detection of E. coli O157:H7 and can reduce the time required for confirmation of isolates by up to 3 to 4 days. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Fratamico, P M AU - Bagi, L K AU - Pepe, T AD - Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. pfratamico@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 1032 EP - 1037 VL - 63 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Bivalvia -- microbiology KW - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel -- methods KW - Animals KW - Medicago sativa -- microbiology KW - Cattle KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Serotyping -- methods KW - Italy KW - Cheese -- microbiology KW - Shellfish -- microbiology KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71744298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=A+multiplex+polymerase+chain+reaction+assay+for+rapid+detection+and+identification+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+foods+and+bovine+feces.&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M%3BBagi%2C+L+K%3BPepe%2C+T&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1032&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Passive smoking induces oxidant damage preventable by vitamin C. AN - 71743886; 10946562 AB - The deleterious effects of cigarette smoking on antioxidant protection and chronic disease risk are well known. Recent studies show that exposure of nonsmokers to environmental tobacco smoke results in increased oxidant damage linked to heart and respiratory diseases. The new findings provide support for efforts to minimize exposure of nonsmokers to environmental tobacco smoke and oxidizing air pollutants and demonstrate the importance of vitamin C for antioxidant protection. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Jacob, R A AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Department of Pomology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 239 EP - 241 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Oxidants KW - 0 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Ascorbic Acid -- therapeutic use KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Oxidants -- metabolism KW - Heart Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Ascorbic Acid -- metabolism KW - Heart Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71743886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Passive+smoking+induces+oxidant+damage+preventable+by+vitamin+C.&rft.au=Jacob%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of an herbal extract on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses during a simulated chill. AN - 71741188; 10947192 AB - Protecta II, an herbal extract on an NaCl carrier, was evaluated in a 30-min, 1 C simulated chill for its effectiveness of lowering microbial counts on broiler carcasses. Eighteen broiler carcasses were obtained from a local processing plant after final wash but before chill, placed into an insulated container, and transported to the research facility for treatment. Six plant run controls (PRC) were immediately bagged on return to the pilot plant, and a whole-carcass rinse was performed. The remaining carcasses were subjected to a 30-min chill (1 C) in tap water or a 2% solution of Protecta II, (n = 6 per treatment). After treatment, carcasses were rinsed with tap water and subjected to the whole-carcass rinse procedure. All rinse diluents were microbiologically analyzed for total aerobes, coliforms, generic Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter. Six replications were analyzed on 6 different d for a total 36 carcasses per treatment and 36 PRC. The PRC carcasses had 3.7, 2.5, 2.1, and 2.0 log10 cfu/mL for total aerobes, coliforms, generic E. coli, and Campylobacter. Water treatment significantly reduced counts (2.6, 1.4, 0.7, and 0.9 log10 cfu/mL, respectively) when compared with the PRC. Protecta II treatment significantly reduced counts (P < 0.01) even further to counts of 0.06, 0.04, 0.01, and 0.00 log10 cfu/mL for total aerobes, coliforms, Campylobacter, and E. coli, respectively. Detectable levels of the monitored organisms were 1 cell/mL (log10 0) for the E. coli, coliforms, and total counts and 10 cells/mL (log10 1) for the Campylobacter. Microbial counts for carcasses treated with Protecta II would be considered too low to be detected (<1 cell/mL). JF - Poultry science AU - Dickens, J A AU - Berrang, M E AU - Cox, N A AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, South Atlantic Area, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. adickens@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 1200 EP - 1203 VL - 79 IS - 8 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Food Handling KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Chickens KW - Food Microbiology KW - Cold Temperature KW - Angiosperms KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71741188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+an+herbal+extract+on+the+microbiological+quality+of+broiler+carcasses+during+a+simulated+chill.&rft.au=Dickens%2C+J+A%3BBerrang%2C+M+E%3BCox%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dietary aspirin on ascites in broilers raised in a hypobaric chamber. AN - 71740900; 10947177 AB - During the course of ascites development in broilers, many factors can interact to cause hypoxia. To counteract hypoxia, birds with ascites develop greatly increased hematocrit and red cell counts. Increasing hematocrits result in more viscous blood. Prostaglandins are involved in the regulation of constriction and dilation of pulmonary blood vessels and in the formation of blood clots. Dietary aspirin, a prostaglandin inhibitor, was used in an attempt to promote vasodilation and inhibit blood clotting in broilers, with the objective of determining the effect of aspirin on ascites progression. The experimental design consisted of two trials with a total of 1,360, 1-d-old male broiler chicks, which were placed at either local altitude (390 m above sea level) or in a hypobaric chamber that simulated an altitude of 2,900 m above sea level. At each elevation, five dietary treatments were employed: [control, 0.025% crystalline acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), 0.05% aspirin, 0.10% aspirin, and 0.20% aspirin]. Bird and feed weights were recorded weekly. At the end of 5 wk, blood samples and organ weights were collected, and all birds were examined for signs of ascites. In both trials, birds raised at high altitudes were significantly lighter, had a higher incidence of ascites, and had differences in hematology, compared with birds raised at local elevation. Only in Trial 2, however, did dietary aspirin appear to have any effect on ascites incidence. At the 0.20% aspirin level, a reduction in ascites incidence approached significance compared with controls (34% vs. 56%, P < or = 0.06). Unfortunately, birds fed 0.20% aspirin also were significantly (P < or = 0.01) lighter than controls. Because slowing growth rate is known to reduce ascites, this decrease in BW may have been partially responsible for any beneficial effect on ascites development and progression obtained through feeding aspirin. JF - Poultry science AU - Balog, J M AU - Huff, G R AU - Rath, N C AU - Huff, W E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. jbalog@comp.uark.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 1101 EP - 1105 VL - 79 IS - 8 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Altitude KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Ascites -- etiology KW - Chickens KW - Ascites -- veterinary KW - Aspirin -- adverse effects KW - Aspirin -- administration & dosage KW - Aspirin -- therapeutic use KW - Atmospheric Pressure KW - Diet KW - Ascites -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71740900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+aspirin+on+ascites+in+broilers+raised+in+a+hypobaric+chamber.&rft.au=Balog%2C+J+M%3BHuff%2C+G+R%3BRath%2C+N+C%3BHuff%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Balog&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of aberrant virulence of Gibberella zeae following transformation-mediated complementation of a trichothecene-deficient (Tri5) mutant. AN - 71731105; 10931910 AB - Gibberella zeae causes wheat ear blight and produces trichothecene toxins in infected grain. In previous studies, trichothecene production in this fungus was disabled by specific disruption of the trichodiene synthase gene (Tri5) and was restored by two methods: gene reversion and transformation-mediated mutant complementation. In previous field tests of wheat ear blight, trichothecene-nonproducing mutants were less virulent than the wild-type progenitor strain from which they were derived. Trichothecene-producing revertants also were restored to wild-type levels of virulence. In contrast, in the field test of wheat ear blight reported here, trichothecene-producing strains obtained by Tri5 mutant complementation were not restored to wild-type levels of virulence. The complemented mutants showed a slightly reduced radial growth compared to the wild-type strain, but otherwise appeared normal in morphology, pigmentation and sexual fertility. Genetic analysis indicated that the aberrant virulence of a complemented mutant was likely due to non-target effects that occurred during the process of transforming the trichothecene-nonproducing mutant with Tri5. These results confirm previous findings that trichothecenes contribute to the virulence of G. zeae, but also demonstrate that manipulating this fungus in the laboratory may cause it to undergo subtle changes that reduce its virulence. JF - Microbiology (Reading, England) AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Bai, G h AU - Plattner, R D AU - Proctor, R H AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. desjarae@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 2059 EP - 2068 VL - 146 ( Pt 8) SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Genetic Variation KW - Base Sequence KW - Genes, Fungal KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Triticum -- microbiology KW - Mutation KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Gibberella -- pathogenicity KW - Trichothecenes -- metabolism KW - Gibberella -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71731105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+aberrant+virulence+of+Gibberella+zeae+following+transformation-mediated+complementation+of+a+trichothecene-deficient+%28Tri5%29+mutant.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BBai%2C+G+h%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BProctor%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=146+%28+Pt+8%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2059&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-29 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Magnesium, zinc, and chromium nutriture and physical activity. AN - 71245830; 10919964 AB - Magnesium, zinc, and chromium are mineral elements required in modest amounts to maintain health and optimal physiologic function. For physically active persons, adequate amounts of these micronutrients are needed in the diet to ensure the capacity for increased energy expenditure and work performance. Most physically active individuals consume diets that provide amounts of magnesium and zinc sufficient to meet population standards. Women tend to consume less of these minerals than is recommended, in part because they eat less food than men. Inadequate intakes of magnesium and zinc have been reported for participants in activities requiring restriction of body weight. Dietary chromium is difficult to estimate because of a lack of appropriate reference databases. Acute, intense activity results in short-term increases in both urine and sweat losses of minerals that apparently diminish during recovery in the days after exercise. Supplemental magnesium and zinc apparently improve strength and muscle metabolism. However, evidence is lacking as to whether these observations relate to impaired nutritional status or a pharmacologic effect. Chromium supplementation of young men and women does not promote muscle accretion, fat loss, or gains in strength. Physically active individuals with concerns about meeting guidelines for nutrient intake should be counseled to select and consume foods with high nutrient densities rather than to rely on nutritional supplements. The indiscriminate use of mineral supplements can adversely affect physiologic function and impair health. JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition AU - Lukaski, H C AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. hlukaski@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 585S EP - 93S VL - 72 IS - 2 Suppl SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Sports -- physiology KW - Humans KW - Body Composition -- physiology KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Magnesium -- metabolism KW - Magnesium -- administration & dosage KW - Zinc -- administration & dosage KW - Exercise -- physiology KW - Zinc -- metabolism KW - Dietary Supplements -- adverse effects KW - Chromium -- metabolism KW - Magnesium -- adverse effects KW - Zinc -- adverse effects KW - Chromium -- adverse effects KW - Chromium -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71245830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Magnesium%2C+zinc%2C+and+chromium+nutriture+and+physical+activity.&rft.au=Lukaski%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Lukaski&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2+Suppl&rft.spage=585S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil-landform relationships on a loess-mantled upland landscape in Missouri AN - 51915821; 2003-084649 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Young, F J AU - Hammer, R D Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 1443 EP - 1454 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - ammonium KW - clastic sediments KW - Missouri KW - statistical analysis KW - uplands KW - landforms KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - loess KW - geomorphology KW - organic carbon KW - landscapes KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51915821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil-landform+relationships+on+a+loess-mantled+upland+landscape+in+Missouri&rft.au=Young%2C+F+J%3BHammer%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://soil.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ammonium; carbon; clastic sediments; geomorphology; landforms; landscapes; loess; Missouri; organic carbon; sediments; soils; statistical analysis; United States; uplands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineral indicators of sustainability; review and systemization AN - 51860953; 2004-033003 AB - In this paper we demonstrate the need for an over-arching organizational framework for indicators of sustainability for mineral resources. We begin by introducing the concepts associated with nonrenewable earth resource, and in particular mineral resource, sustainability. Different complexities, such as the multiple aspects (e. g. , environmental impacts and economic integration) and the multiple scales (e. g. , deposit, region, nation) of the minerals sustainability problem are described. The development of mineral indicators capable of measuring the various aspects at multiple scales has not been completed because of the difficulties associated with capturing all the complexities described above. Moreover, there are multiple definitions of sustainable development; some of which have a "strong sustainability" focus and others a "weak sustainability" focus. How the environmental and socio-economic aspects of mineral resource-related activities are dealt with in the indicator set is dependent in part upon the underlying perspective taken. We review the Montreal and Helsinki Processes, both of which concern forestry resources, to illustrate an indicator development procedure that may be applicable to mineral resources. We then consider the status and results to date of several ongoing efforts to develop mineral resource indicators, including those from different governments and international organizations. A framework for this extensive and disparate collection of indicators is presented and it is shown that once the indicators are organized in this manner, duplications and omissions are more easily identified. JF - International Geological Congress, Abstracts = Congres Geologique International, Resumes AU - Solar, S V AU - Shields, D J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 EP - unpaginated PB - [International Geological Congress], [location varies] VL - 31 KW - natural resources KW - development KW - public awareness KW - sustainable development KW - international cooperation KW - forestry KW - mineral economics KW - mineral resources KW - environmental effects KW - 26B:Economic geology, general, economics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51860953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.atitle=Mineral+indicators+of+sustainability%3B+review+and+systemization&rft.au=Solar%2C+S+V%3BShields%2C+D+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Solar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Brazil 2000; 31st international geological congress N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by International Geological Congress Organizational Committee N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - File G1301051.PDF N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-16 N1 - CODEN - IGABBY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - development; environmental effects; forestry; international cooperation; mineral economics; mineral resources; natural resources; public awareness; sustainable development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - D-Cecropin B: proteolytic resistance, lethality for pathogenic fungi and binding properties AN - 20196702; 7386353 AB - L-Cecropin B (LCB) is a potent fungicidal peptide that is subject to proteolytic degradation by extracellular enzymes produced by Aspergillus flavus. We hypothesized that D-cecropin B (DCB), containing all D-amino acids, should resist proteolysis while retaining its fungicidal and target specificities. DCB was synthesized by solid phase methods using Fmoc chemistry. In vitro, at pH 6 super(.)0, DCB was lethal against the germinating conidia of A. flavus (LD sub(90), 25 mM) and A. fumigatus (LD sub(98), 2 super(.)5 mM) and for nongerminating and germinating conidia of Fusarium moniliforme (LD sub(98), 1 super(.)25 mM) and F. oxysporum (LD sub(95), 2 super(.)5 mM) at concentrations similar to those previously reported for LCB. It was lethal for Candida albicans with an LD sub(98 )at 12 super(.)5 mM. DCB was not active for the nongerminating conidia of A. fumigatus or A. flavus. Papain, trypsin, pepsin A and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease degraded LCB but not DCB. Binding assays and circular dichroism showed DCB and LCB bound to cholesterol, ergosterol, beta -1,3-glucan, mannan and chitin. Data show that DCB retains the potent fungicidal properties of the L-form while being resistant to proteolytic enzymes that degrade the latter peptide. This study demonstrates that D- enantiomerization of cecropin B yields a novel fungicidal peptide, which resists proteolytic degradation and is lethal for pathogenic fungi. JF - Medical Mycology AU - Lucca, AJDe AU - Bland, J M AU - Vigo, C B AU - Jacks, T J AU - Peter, J AU - Walsh, T J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, la 70124, USA Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 301 EP - 308 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 1369-3786, 1369-3786 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - CECROPIN B KW - D-ENANTIOMER KW - FUNGICIDAL KW - Proteolysis KW - Extracellular enzymes KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Biodegradation KW - mannan KW - Papain KW - Chitin KW - beta -1,3-Glucan KW - Cecropin KW - C.D. KW - Proteinase KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - pH effects KW - Proteolytic enzymes KW - Data processing KW - Trypsin KW - Fungi KW - Pepsin A KW - Conidia KW - Candida albicans KW - Cholesterol KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Lethality KW - D-Amino acids KW - Ergosterol KW - Solid phase methods KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - K 03340:Effects of Physical & Chemical Factors KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20196702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Mycology&rft.atitle=D-Cecropin+B%3A+proteolytic+resistance%2C+lethality+for+pathogenic+fungi+and+binding+properties&rft.au=Lucca%2C+AJDe%3BBland%2C+J+M%3BVigo%2C+C+B%3BJacks%2C+T+J%3BPeter%2C+J%3BWalsh%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Lucca&rft.aufirst=AJDe&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+Mycology&rft.issn=13693786&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F136937800100311142 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Extracellular enzymes; Proteolysis; Data processing; Biodegradation; Trypsin; mannan; Fungi; Papain; Chitin; Pepsin A; Conidia; Cholesterol; beta -1,3-Glucan; Cecropin; Lethality; C.D.; D-Amino acids; Proteinase; Solid phase methods; Ergosterol; pH effects; Proteolytic enzymes; Fusarium moniliforme; Aspergillus flavus; Candida albicans; Staphylococcus aureus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/136937800100311142 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Influence of Vegetation in Riparian Filterstrips on Coliform Bacteria: I. Movement and Survival in Water AN - 20159310; 4819699 AB - Swine (Sus scrofa) wastewater was applied to three separate 4 m wide x 30 m long riparian filterstrips consisting of 20 m grass and 10 m forest, 10 m grass and 20 m forest, and 10 m grass and 20 m maidencane (Panicum hemitomon Schult.) in Southern Georgia during each season. Total and fecal coliform numbers in the applied wastewater pulse did not decline as water moved downslope regardless of vegetation type or season. The pulse of applied wastewater did not move beyond 15 m in any treatment in autumn or summer (dry seasons) and only moved beyond 7.5 m in the 20 m grass-10 m forest treatment in the summer. Total and fecal coliform numbers in soil water and shallow ground water declined by approximately 10-fold every 7 d for the first 14 d regardless of vegetative treatment or season. Soil temperature and soil moisture correlated with total coliform bacteria in both 1.5 m wells (r super(2) = 0.89) and 2.0 m wells (r super(2) = 0.89), and with fecal coliform bacteria in 1.5 (r super(2) = 0.82) and 2.0 m (r super(2) = 0.76) wells. Animal production operations may need to locate in warm-dry climates so animal waste can be applied to lands to help ensure enteric bacteria input to surface and ground water will not occur. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Entry, JA AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Thies, JE AU - Fuhrmann, J J AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab., 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83443, USA, jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1206 EP - 1214 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pig KW - USA, Georgia KW - Wild boar KW - Wild pig KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sus scrofa KW - Vegetation type KW - Grasses KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Soil temperature KW - Survival KW - Forests KW - Water quality KW - Land application KW - Bacteria (Coliform) KW - Buffers KW - Riparian environments KW - Ground water KW - Banks KW - Hydrology KW - Bacteria KW - Coliforms KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Animal wastes KW - Climate KW - Vegetation KW - Water pollution control KW - Filters KW - Groundwater (see also Aquifers) KW - Wastewater discharges KW - Environmental quality KW - Riparian vegetation KW - Panicum hemitomon KW - Groundwater KW - Soil moisture KW - Waste water KW - Wastewater KW - Dispersion KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20159310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=The+Influence+of+Vegetation+in+Riparian+Filterstrips+on+Coliform+Bacteria%3A+I.+Movement+and+Survival+in+Water&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BHubbard%2C+R+K%3BThies%2C+JE%3BFuhrmann%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Bacteria; Buffers; Hydrology; Riparian vegetation; Waste water; Water quality; Dispersion; Fecal coliforms; Coliforms; Animal wastes; Grasses; Vegetation type; Climate; Vegetation; Forests; Survival; Soil temperature; Ground water; Environmental quality; Soil moisture; Water pollution control; Pollution dispersion; Riparian environments; Wastewater discharges; Land application; Groundwater (see also Aquifers); Banks; Wastewater; Bacteria (Coliform); Groundwater; Sus scrofa; Panicum hemitomon ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of biomagnetic separation to recover DNA suitable for PCR from Claviceps species AN - 18355466; 5307462 AB - DNA analysis of agriculturally important fungi using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods is becoming routine in research and for diagnostic purposes. Rapid, small-scale DNA isolation methods that take advantage of the sensitivity, speed and automation potential of PCR technology are needed for timely analysis of important plant pathogens. DNA isolated from Claviceps africana (causal agent of ergot of sorghum) using several standard DNA extraction protocols was found to be unamplifiable using PCR. The standard methods apparently failed to separate DNA from substances inhibitory to the Taq polymerase enzyme. We obtained DNA amenable to PCR analysis using a novel method involving magnetic beads and high salt extraction buffer. The biomagnetic purification method allowed us to obtain reliable PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA of Claviceps africana, making genetic comparisons possible. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Scott, D AU - Clark, C AU - Tooley, P AU - Carras, M AU - Maas, J AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease - Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD and USDA-ARS, BARC West, Fruit Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA, tooley@ncifcrf.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 95 EP - 99 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - biomagnetic separation KW - isolation KW - Bioassays KW - DNA extraction KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - rRNA KW - Magnetic fields KW - Claviceps africana KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18355466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+biomagnetic+separation+to+recover+DNA+suitable+for+PCR+from+Claviceps+species&rft.au=Scott%2C+D%3BClark%2C+C%3BTooley%2C+P%3BCarras%2C+M%3BMaas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2000.00786.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Claviceps africana; Magnetic fields; rRNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Bioassays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00786.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of coal surface mining and reclamation on suspended sediment in three Ohio watersheds AN - 18005840; 4756968 AB - Prior to PL95-87 little research had been conducted to determine the impacts of mining and reclamation practices on sediment concentrations and yields on a watershed scale. Furthermore, it was unknown whether sediment yield and other variables would return to undisturbed levels after reclamation. Therefore, three small watersheds, with differing lithologies and soils, were monitored for runoff and suspended sediment concentrations during three phases of watershed disturbances: undisturbed watershed condition, mining and reclamation disturbances, and post-reclaimed condition. Profound increases in suspended-sediment concentrations, load rates, and yields due to mining and reclamation activities, and subsequent drastic decreases after reclamation were documented. Even with increases in runoff potential, reductions in suspended-sediment concentrations and load rates to below or near undisturbed-watershed levels is possible by using the mulch-crimping technique and by removing diversions. Maximum concentrations and load rates occurred during times of active disturbances that exposed loose soil and spoil to high-intensity rains. Sediment concentrations remained elevated compared with the undisturbed watershed when diversions were not well maintained and overtopped, and when they were not removed for final reclamation. Diversions are useful for vegetation establishment, but should be maintained until they are removed for final reclamation after good vegetative cover is established. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bonta, J V AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, bonta@coshocton.com Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 869 EP - 888 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Surface mining KW - USA, Ohio KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Loading KW - Sediment KW - Man-induced effects KW - Coal KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Resuspended sediments KW - Sediment Yield KW - Catchment areas KW - Hydrology KW - Stream Pollution KW - Geology KW - Land Reclamation KW - Sedimentation KW - Land reclamation KW - Sediment/water system KW - Suspended Sediments KW - Pollution Load KW - Coal Mining KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Mines and mining KW - Remediation KW - Pollution (Surface water) KW - Mining KW - Sediment load KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18005840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Impact+of+coal+surface+mining+and+reclamation+on+suspended+sediment+in+three+Ohio+watersheds&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=869&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resuspended sediments; Man-induced effects; Sediment load; Coal; Mining; Watersheds; Land reclamation; Remediation; Hydrology; Nonpoint pollution; Sedimentation; Runoff; Mines and mining; Loading; Catchment areas; Pollution (Surface water); Sediment; Geology; Sediment/water system; Suspended Sediments; Sediment Yield; Pollution Load; Stream Pollution; Coal Mining; Land Reclamation; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Root zone water quality model sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation AN - 17842779; 4872470 AB - Performing a sensitivity analysis for a mathematical simulation model is helpful in identifying key model parameters and simulation errors resulting from parameter uncertainty. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) has been evaluated for many years, however, detailed sensitivity analyses of the model to various agricultural management systems and their representative input parameters are lacking. This study presents results of RZWQM output response sensitivity to selected model input parameters. Baseline values for the parameters were measured for an experiment on a manured corn field in eastern Colorado. Four groups of model input parameters (saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter/nitrogen cycling, plant growth, and irrigation water/manure application rates) were selected and three model output responses (plant nitrogen uptake, silage yield, and nitrate leaching) were used to quantify RZWQM sensitivity to selected model input parameters. A modified Monte Carlo sampling method (Latin Hypercube Sampling) was used to obtain parameter sets for model realizations. The model parameter sets were then analyzed separately using linear regression analysis. In general, RZWQM output responses were most sensitive to plant growth input parameters and manure application rates. The plant nitrogen uptake and silage yield model output responses were less sensitive to nitrogen cycling and irrigation rate input parameters than those observed in previous field experiments. This finding may warrant further study on the effects of water and nitrogen stresses on crop growth. Finally, the results showed that model output responses were more sensitive to the average saturated hydraulic conductivity of the entire soil profile than to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of individual soil layers. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Ma, L AU - Ascough, JC II AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Shaffer, MJ AU - Hanson, J D AU - Rojas, K W AD - USDA-ARS-NPA, GPSRU, 301 Howes St., PO Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, ascough@gpsr.colostate.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 883 EP - 896 VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Colorado KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Root Zone KW - Leaching KW - Corn KW - Water Quality KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Nutrients KW - Model Testing KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Model Studies KW - Crop Yield KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17842779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Root+zone+water+quality+model+sensitivity+analysis+using+Monte+Carlo+simulation&rft.au=Ma%2C+L%3BAscough%2C+JC+II%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BShaffer%2C+MJ%3BHanson%2C+J+D%3BRojas%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leaching; Root Zone; Corn; Statistical Analysis; Water Quality; Nutrients; Model Testing; Permeability Coefficient; Crop Yield; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canopy temperature characterizations of corn and cotton water status AN - 17838094; 4872469 AB - Water stress is a major production factor that determines crop yield. Three temperature-based stress indices were tested using corn and cotton grown under different water levels to determine how well these indices correlated with the amount of water applied and crop yield. Corn and cotton were grown in 1997-1998 field experiments using a range of irrigation levels where canopy temperatures (TC) and field weather were continuously measured. The water levels in 1997 were WL1-dryland, WL2- 1/3*ET, WL3- 2/3*ET, and WL4-1.0*ET, where ET was potential evapotranspiration. The water levels used in 1998 were WL3 and WL4 in corn and WL1 and WL4 with cotton. An average ET value of 7 mm d super(-1) was used as the 1.0*ET water level of each crop in 1997 and 8 mm d super(-1) was applied to corn in 1998. The stress time index (ST) quantifies water stress as the daily summation of time when TC exceeds the crop specific optimum temperatures (28 degree C for both crops). The theoretical, CSWI-T, and empirical, CWSI-TC, forms of the crop water stress index were used. CWSI-T is a physically based description of the energy-exchange processes that determine the temperature of a crop. CWSI-TC is calculated from measured TC of the crop, a well-watered crop (WL4), and a computed TC sub(max) for a completely water stressed crop. The ST index was calculated for the Midday, Daytime, and Entire Day periods, which were determined by threshold levels of net radiation and air temperature. The ST values for the Daytime and Entire Day periods increased as water applied decreased from WL4 to WL1, and were significantly different among water levels. ST values for the Entire Day were higher than during the Daytime period only in 1998. CWSI-T and CWSI-TC values in both years declined as the quantity of water applied increased in both crops. The CWSI value (0.89) for WL1 corn was highest in 1997, which agreed with early senescence from water stress. The CWSI-TC procedure was more accurate than CWSI-T method because it restricted the stress value for well-watered treatment (WL4) to zero, and all values were within the theoretical range of 0 to 1.0. Each water stress index had a unique but common relationship with water applied and yield in both years for cotton, but each year was different for corn. These results demonstrate the usefulness of temperature based indices for characterizing crop stress conditions and their potential for managing irrigation scheduling. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Wanjura, D F AU - Upchurch AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, 3810 4th St., Lubbock, TX 79415, USA, dwanjura@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 867 EP - 875 VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Cotton KW - Corn KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Water Level KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Water Resources Management KW - Irrigation Scheduling KW - Water Stress KW - Crop Yield KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17838094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Canopy+temperature+characterizations+of+corn+and+cotton+water+status&rft.au=Wanjura%2C+D+F%3BUpchurch&rft.aulast=Wanjura&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Cotton; Corn; Evapotranspiration; Cultivated Lands; Water Level; Irrigation Scheduling; Water Resources Management; Crop Yield; Water Stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Evaluation of Methods for the Detection of Spinal Cord in Product Derived from Advanced Meat Recovery Systems AN - 17807378; 4848695 AB - This study investigated the usefulness of immunohistochemistry, histochemistry, and polarization microscopy in documenting the presence of spinal cord in ground product produced by advanced meat recovery systems (AMRS). A battery of diagnostic stains proved most helpful for definitive documentation of spinal cord in the AMRS product. Antibodies to neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic proteins were useful for highlighting the presence of neural tissue in comminuted product but when used alone did not definitively differentiate central nervous system tissue from peripheral nerve. Polariscopy, trichrome staining, and immunostaining for synaptophysin were very useful for differentiating spinal cord from peripheral nerve. Spinal cord was found in 2 of 196 AMRS samples when only hematoxylin and eosin staining was used. In a later immunohistochemical subset of the survey study, spinal cord was found in 7 of 17 AMRS samples. More recently, spinal cord tissue has been found in 3 of 26 regulatory samples using hematoxylin and eosin stains combined with immunohistochemical techniques. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Kelley, L C AU - Hafner, S AU - McCaskey, P C AU - Sutton, M T AU - Langheinrich, KA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604, USA, lckelley@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1107 EP - 1112 VL - 63 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat products KW - Antibodies KW - Spinal cord KW - Microscopy KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Histochemistry KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17807378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=An+Evaluation+of+Methods+for+the+Detection+of+Spinal+Cord+in+Product+Derived+from+Advanced+Meat+Recovery+Systems&rft.au=Kelley%2C+L+C%3BHafner%2C+S%3BMcCaskey%2C+P+C%3BSutton%2C+M+T%3BLangheinrich%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meat products; Spinal cord; Microscopy; Histochemistry; Immunohistochemistry; Antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three New Toxic Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from the Low Larkspur Delphinium nuttallianum AN - 17763900; 4822980 AB - The larkspurs (Delphinium species) are considered to be one of the most serious poisonous plant problems for livestock on the rangelands of the western United States. Three new N-(methylsuccinimido)anthranoyllycoctonine norditerpenoids, given the names bearline (1), 14-acetylbearline (2), and 16-deacetylgeyerline (3), were isolated from the extract of the low larkspur Delphinium nuttallianum. The structures of the individual alkaloids were determined by super(1)H and super(13)C NMR spectroscopy and HRMS. These alkaloids are structurally related to the neurotoxic alkaloid methyllycaconitine (4) and may be important in establishing the toxicity of low larkspurs to cattle. A mouse bioassay was used to measure the LD sub(50) values for two of the new alkaloids (1 and 2), as sufficient quantities of 3 were not available for toxicity testing. A structurally related alkaloid, geyerline (7), was isolated from D. geyeri in sufficient quantities for toxicity testing. The toxicities of 1, 2, and 7 were found to be comparable to that of 4, with calculated LD sub(50) values in mice of 5.7, 3.3, and 6.2 mg/kg, respectively. JF - Journal of Natural Products AU - Gardner AU - Manners, G D AU - Panter, KE AU - Lee, ST AU - Pfister, JA AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 8434, USA, gardnerd@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1127 EP - 1130 VL - 63 IS - 8 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - 14-Acetylbearline KW - 16-Deacetylgeyerline KW - alkaloids KW - bearline KW - norditerpenoids KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Plants KW - Delphinium nuttallianum KW - Toxins KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17763900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.atitle=Three+New+Toxic+Norditerpenoid+Alkaloids+from+the+Low+Larkspur+Delphinium+nuttallianum&rft.au=Gardner%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BPanter%2C+KE%3BLee%2C+ST%3BPfister%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium nuttallianum; Toxins; Plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating soil erosion models using measured plot data: Accounting for variability in the data AN - 17753686; 4810789 AB - One of the important methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of soil erosion models is to compare the predictions given by the model to measured data from soil loss collected on plots taken under natural rainfall conditions. While it is recognized that plot data contain natural variability, this factor is not quantitatively considered during such evaluations because our knowledge of natural variability between plots which have the same treatments is very limited. The goal of this study was to analyse sufficient replicated plot data and present methodology to allow the model evaluator to take natural, within-treatment variability of erosion plots into account when models are tested. A large amount of data from pairs of replicated erosion plots was evaluated and quantified. The basis for the evaluation method presented is that if the difference between the model prediction and a measured plot data value lies within the population of differences between pairs of measured values, then the prediction is considered 'acceptable'. A model 'effectiveness' coefficient was defined for studies undertaken on large numbers of prediction versus measured data comparisons. This method provides a quantitative criterion for taking into account natural variability and uncertainty in measured erosion plot data when those data are used to evaluate erosion models. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Nearing, MA AD - National Soil Erosion Laboratory, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA, nearing@ecn.purdue.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1035 EP - 1043 VL - 25 IS - 9 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Erosion Control KW - Rainfall KW - Soil Erosion KW - Model Studies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17753686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Evaluating+soil+erosion+models+using+measured+plot+data%3A+Accounting+for+variability+in+the+data&rft.au=Nearing%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Nearing&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion Control; Rainfall; Soil Erosion; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of plant species richness in pasture lands of the northeast United States AN - 17742826; 4794798 AB - Pasture lands are an important facet of land use in the northeast United States, yet little is known about their recent diversity. To answer some fundamental questions about the diversity of these pasture lands, we designed a broad survey to document plant species richness using an intensive, multi scale sampling method. We also wanted to learn whether environmental (soils or climate) or land management variables could help explain patterns of species richness. A total of 17 farms, encompassing 37 pastures, were sampled in New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Maryland, Massachusetts and Connecticut during July and August 1998. We positively identified a total of 161 different plant species across the study region. Species richness averaged 31.7 plus or minus 1.1 on pastures. Infrequent, transient species that were mostly perennial and annual forbs accounted for similar to 90% of the species richness. Except for a subjective rating of grazing intensity, land management methods were not good predictors of species richness. Over time, it appears that grazing neither reduces nor increases species richness in pastures. Of the environmental variables measured, only soil P explained a significant amount of the variation in species richness. Soil P was inversely related to species richness at the 1m super(2) scale. Percent SOM was positively associated with species richness at this scale, although weakly. At larger spatial scales, we suggest that patterns of species richness are best explained by the species diversity of soil seed banks, or seed rain, and stochastic recruitment of these species into existing vegetation. JF - Plant Ecology AU - Tracy, B F AU - Sanderson, MA AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Lab., Bldg. 3702, Curtin Rd., University Park PA 16802, USA, bft2@psu.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 169 EP - 180 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 149 IS - 2 SN - 1385-0237, 1385-0237 KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Pasture KW - Species richness KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17742826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Ecology&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+plant+species+richness+in+pasture+lands+of+the+northeast+United+States&rft.au=Tracy%2C+B+F%3BSanderson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Tracy&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Ecology&rft.issn=13850237&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Species richness; Pasture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of isomeric 9,10,13 (9,12,13)-trihydroxy-11E (10E)-octadecenoic acid from linoleic acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 AN - 17724655; 4787283 AB - Trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acids with 18 carbons have been reported as plant self-defense substances. Their production in nature is rare and is found mainly in plant systems. Previously, we reported that a new bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3, converted oleic acid and ricinoleic acid to 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid and 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid, respectively. Here we report that strain PR3 converted linoleic acid to two compounds: 9,10,13-trihydroxy-11(E)-octadecenoic acid (9,10,13 -THOD) and 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acid (9,12,13-THOD). Stereochemical analyses showed the presence of 16 different diastereomers - the maximum number possible. The optimum reaction temperature and pH for THOD production were 30 degree C and 7.0, respectively. The optimum linoleic acid concentration was 10 mg/ml. The most effective single carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and sodium glutamate, respectively. However, when a mixture of yeast extract (0.05%), (NH sub(4)) sub(2)HPO sub(4) (0.2%), and NH sub(4)NO sub(3) (0.1%) was used as the nitrogen source, THOD production was higher by 8.3% than when sodium glutamate was the nitrogen source. Maximum production of total THOD with 44% conversion of substrate was achieved at 72 h of incubation, after which THOD production plateaued up to 240 h. THOD production and cell growth increased in parallel with glucose concentration up to 0.3%, after which cell growth reached its maximum and THOD production did not increase. These results suggested that THODs were not metabolized by strain PR3. This is the first report of microbial production of 9,10,13- and 9,12,13-THOD from linoleic acid. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Kim, H AU - Gardner, H W AU - Hou, C T AD - Oil Chemical Research, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 109 EP - 115 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - linoleic acid KW - octadecenoic acid KW - trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Nitrogen sources KW - Carbon sources KW - Stereochemistry KW - Fatty acids KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - pH effects KW - Linoleic acid KW - A 01014:Others KW - J 02731:Lipids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17724655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+isomeric+9%2C10%2C13+%289%2C12%2C13%29-trihydroxy-11E+%2810E%29-octadecenoic+acid+from+linoleic+acid+by+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+PR3&rft.au=Kim%2C+H%3BGardner%2C+H+W%3BHou%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Stereochemistry; Nitrogen sources; Carbon sources; Fatty acids; Linoleic acid; Temperature effects; pH effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Science of Managing Forests to Sustain Water Resources AN - 17685561; 4769457 JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Brooks, R T AU - Lust, N AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station Amherst, Massachusetts, USA Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 122 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Water Management KW - Land Management KW - Sustainable development KW - Water resources KW - Forests KW - Water Resources Management KW - Forest Watersheds KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17685561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=The+Science+of+Managing+Forests+to+Sustain+Water+Resources&rft.au=Brooks%2C+R+T%3BLust%2C+N&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005272320500 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Forests; Water resources; Sustainable development; Water Management; Land Management; Water Resources Management; Forest Watersheds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005272320500 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization of Corn, Zea mays, by the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana AN - 17669462; 4759782 AB - Light and electron microscopy were used to describe the mode of penetration by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin into corn, Zea mays L. After inoculation with a foliar spray of conidia, germinating hyphae grew randomly across the leaf surface. Often a germ tube formed from a conidium and elongated only a short distance before terminating its growth. Not all developing hyphae on the leaf surface penetrated the cuticle. However, when penetration did occur, the penetration site(s) was randomly located, indicating that B. bassiana does not require specific topographic signals at an appropriate entry site as do some phytopathogenic fungi. Long hyphal structures were observed to follow the leaf apoplast in any direction from the point of penetration. A few hyphae were observed within xylem elements. Because vascular bundles are interconnected throughout the corn plant, this may explain how B. bassiana travels within the plant and ultimately provides overall insecticidal protection. Virulency bioassays demonstrate that B. bassiana does not lose virulence toward the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner), once it colonizes corn. This endophytic relationship between an entomopathogenic fungus and a plant suggests possibilities for biological control, including the use of indigenous fungal inocula as insecticides. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Wagner, B L AU - Lewis, L C AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit Genetics Lab., c/o Insectary Bldg., Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA, leslewis@iastate.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 3468 EP - 3473 VL - 66 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - penetration KW - maize KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biological control KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Germ tubes KW - Colonization KW - Insecticides KW - Zea mays KW - Fungi KW - Hyphae KW - Conidia KW - Pathogens KW - Entomopathogenic fungi KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - Pesticides KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17669462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Colonization+of+Corn%2C+Zea+mays%2C+by+the+Entomopathogenic+Fungus+Beauveria+bassiana&rft.au=Wagner%2C+B+L%3BLewis%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beauveria bassiana; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Entomopathogenic fungi; Conidia; Hyphae; Germ tubes; Biological control; Pesticides; Insecticides; Colonization; Fungi; Pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using bacterial growth on insects to assess nutrient impacts in streams AN - 17661886; 4755243 AB - A combination field and laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the ability of a recently developed bioindicator to detect detrimental nutrient conditions in streams. The method utilizes bacterial growth on aquatic insects to determine nutrient impacts. Field investigations indicated that elevated concentrations of nitrate and phosphate were associated with growth of filamentous bacteria on insect body surfaces, and that there was a significant reduction in the density of major insect taxa in the nutrient-enriched stream reaches. Laboratory investigations confirmed a strong linkage between bacterial growth and reduced survival of insects. Survival was examined for insects with bacterial infestation ranging from 0% to greater than 50% coverage of the body surface. A threshold for catastrophic mortality occurred at about 25% body coverage; there were few survivors above that amount. Based on these findings, the diagnostic endpoint for the bioindicator is 25% body coverage by bacterial growth, a level that signifies major impacts and is also easy to detect visually. This study provides additional evidence that the insect-bacteria bioindicator is a reliable tool for assessing nutrient impacts on stream macroinvertebrate communities. The bioindicator should prove useful for identifying nutrient-impacted sites as well as monitoring the success of management actions to improve water quality. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Lemly, AD AD - United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 431 EP - 446 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Insects KW - insects KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Eutrophication KW - Aquatic Insects KW - Pollution effects KW - Nutrients KW - Streams KW - Toxicity tests KW - Growth KW - Pollution indicators KW - Aquatic insects KW - Insecta KW - Bioindicators KW - Bacteria KW - Mortality KW - Water Quality KW - Toxicity KW - Streams (in natural channels) KW - Insects (see also Individual groups) KW - Stream Biota KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Aquatic Bacteria KW - Indicator species KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - A 01113:General KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17661886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Using+bacterial+growth+on+insects+to+assess+nutrient+impacts+in+streams&rft.au=Lemly%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Pollution monitoring; Eutrophication; Pollution effects; Toxicity tests; Aquatic insects; Indicator species; Bacteria; Growth; Toxicity; Streams; Nutrient concentrations; Insects (see also Individual groups); Nutrients; Pollution indicators; Streams (in natural channels); Water quality (Natural waters); Bioindicators; Aquatic Insects; Water Quality; Stream Biota; Aquatic Bacteria; Insecta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trifluralin degradation under microbiologically induced nitrate and Fe(III) reducing conditions AN - 17658380; 4783984 AB - Trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N, N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzenamine] ranks among the most commonly used herbicides in the United States. The compound persists under most environmental conditions, yet it is rapidly transformed under certain anaerobic conditions. In this study, the fate of trifluralin in anoxic environments and the contribution of Fe(II) to its anaerobic degradation have been investigated. Trifluralin was rapidly degraded under anaerobic conditions in a range of soils representing typical agricultural usage in the Midwest. The presence of nitrate or oxygen suppressed trifluralin degradation. Degradation rate increased under iron-reducing conditions, and the addition of trifluralin appeared to promote reoxidation of extractable Fe super(2+). Transformation of trifluralin under iron-reducing conditions apparently involved the soil solid phase and was not limited by bioavailability. In a soil-free aqueous system, no reaction of trifluralin with dissolved Fe super(2+) was detected in the presence or absence of kaolinite clay under anoxic conditions. Reduced but not oxidized or reoxidized forms of purified ferruginous smectite (sample Swa-1) catalyzed rapid transformation (72% of applied in 30 h) of trifluralin to polar products with a concomitant reoxidation of structural Fe in the clay. Results indicate that, as for other nitroaromatics, trifluralin is subject to reaction with Fe(II) associated with the minerals in anoxic environments. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Tor, J M AU - Xu, C AU - Stucki, J M AU - Wander, M M AU - Sims, G K AD - United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, 1102 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA, gk-sims@uiuc.edu Y1 - 2000/08/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Aug 01 SP - 3148 EP - 3152 VL - 34 IS - 15 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA, Midwest KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Nitrate KW - Biodegradation KW - Nitrates KW - Herbicides KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Trifluralin KW - Iron KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17658380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Trifluralin+degradation+under+microbiologically+induced+nitrate+and+Fe%28III%29+reducing+conditions&rft.au=Tor%2C+J+M%3BXu%2C+C%3BStucki%2C+J+M%3BWander%2C+M+M%3BSims%2C+G+K&rft.aulast=Tor&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=3148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9912473 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Midwest; Trifluralin; Herbicides; Biodegradation; Anaerobic digestion; Nitrates; Iron; Nitrate DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9912473 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Late-Instar European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Tunneling and Survival in Transgenic Corn Hybrids AN - 17657782; 4772417 AB - Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine injury by and survival of late-instar European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner), on genetically altered Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner corn, Zea mays L. Cry1Ab events 176, Bt11, MON810, and MON802; Cry1Ac event DBT418; and Cry9C event CBH351 were evaluated. Plants of each corn hybrid were manually infested with two third-, fourth-, or fifth-instar O. nubilalis. Larvae were held in proximity to the internode of the plant above the ear with a mesh sleeve. Larvae were put on the plants during corn developmental stages V8, V16, R1, R3, R4, R5, and R6. This study shows that not all B. thuringiensis hybrids provide the same protection against O. nubilalis injury. Hybrids with B. thuringiensis events Bt11, MON810, MON802, and CHB351 effectively protected the corn against tunneling by late-instar O. nubilalis. Event 176 was effective in controlling late-instar O. nubilalis during V12 and V16 corn developmental stages; however, significant tunneling occurred by fourth instars during R3 and R5. Event DBT418 was not effective in controlling late-instar O. nubilalis during corn vegetative or reproductive stages of development. Whether the B. thuringiensis hybrids satisfied high- and ultra-high-dose requirements is discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Walker, KA AU - Hellmich, R L AU - Lewis, L C AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, c/o Insectary, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1276 EP - 1285 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - instars KW - maize KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Control programs KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Survival KW - Pest control KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - Host plants KW - Transgenic plants KW - Zea mays KW - Pest resistance KW - Crambidae KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17657782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Late-Instar+European+Corn+Borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Crambidae%29+Tunneling+and+Survival+in+Transgenic+Corn+Hybrids&rft.au=Walker%2C+KA%3BHellmich%2C+R+L%3BLewis%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282000%29093%281276%3ALIECBL%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=93&page=1276 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Crambidae; Ostrinia nubilalis; Bacillus thuringiensis; Survival; Host plants; Control programs; Transgenic plants; Pest control; Pest resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2000)093(1276:LIECBL)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - alpha -L-Arabinofuranosidases: biochemistry, molecular biology and application in biotechnology AN - 17657569; 4766406 AB - Interest in the alpha -L-arabinofuranosidases has increased in recent years because of their application in the conversion of various hemicellulosic substrates to fermentable sugars for subsequent production of fuel alcohol. Xylanases, in conjunction with alpha -L-arabinofuranosidases and other accessory enzymes, act synergistically to degrade xylan to component sugars. The induction of alpha -L-arabinofuranosidase production, physico-chemical characteristics, substrate specificity, and molecular biology of the enzyme are described. The current state of research and development of the arabinofuranosidases and their role in biotechnology are presented. JF - Biotechnology Advances AU - Saha, B C AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, sahabc@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 403 EP - 423 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0734-9750, 0734-9750 KW - Substrate specificity KW - alpha -L- double prime arabinofuranosidase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - ^a-L-^Aarabinofuranosidase KW - Fuels KW - Xylan endo-1,3-^b-xylosidase KW - Biotechnology KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17657569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Advances&rft.atitle=alpha+-L-Arabinofuranosidases%3A+biochemistry%2C+molecular+biology+and+application+in+biotechnology&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Advances&rft.issn=07349750&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0734-9750%2800%2900044-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biotechnology; Xylan endo-1,3-^b-xylosidase; Fuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0734-9750(00)00044-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature-Dependent Life History of Eretmocerus eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Two Whitefly Hosts (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) AN - 17631667; 4773473 AB - The effects of temperature on insect life history were studied for two whitefly hosts (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), as well as the parasitoid, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) attacking both hosts. Mean egg numbers as a function of time were fitted to models for age-specific oviposition for each whitefly. For B. argentifolii, numbers of eggs laid increased with time at 15, 21, and 24 degree C. At 28 and 32 degree C, the curve declined after 6 d, although the model fit was poor. The model did not fit the oviposition data at 32 degree C. Maximal oviposition rate occurred at 24 degree C (12 eggs per 48-h period), and the model was almost linear. For T. vaporariorum, the model closely fit mean eggs laid, with highest rates of approximately 12 eggs per 48 h at 21 and 24 degree C. Numbers of whitefly eggs as a function of time and temperature were described by a three-dimensional surface model that was also used to estimate temperature thresholds for oviposition (12.5 degree C for B. argentifolii and 10.9 degree C for T. vaporariorum). Increasing temperatures produced decreased preoviposition periods in B. argentifolii, whereas temperature extremes resulted in longer periods for T. vaporariorum. Development times from egg to adult, percentage mortality, and estimated degree-days for development were measured at 15, 21, 24, 28, and 32 degree C for both whiteflies, and for E. eremicus reared on both hosts. Development rate was higher for B. argentifolii than T. vaporariorum at 24 and 28 degree C. Development of E. eremicus was faster using B. argentifolii as hosts than T. vaporariorum at 24, 28, and 32 degree C. By extrapolation of development rates, lower developmental thresholds ( degree C) were estimated as follows: T. vaporariorum, 2.92; B. argentifolii, 10.32; E. eremicus on T. vaporariorum, 5.44; and E. eremicus on B. argentifolii, 8.7. Mean degree-day requirements for egg to adult development were calculated for T. vaporariorum, 483.4; B. argentifolii, 319.7; E. eremicus on T. vaporariorum, 417.3; and, E. eremicus on B. argentifolii, 314.4. Percentage mortality also was significantly affected by temperature in both species of whitefly. For T. vaporariorum higher temperatures caused higher levels of mortality, with almost 98% killed at 32 degree C. The reverse occurred in B. argentifolii, where highest levels of mortality were found at the lowest temperatures. Mortality patterns in E. eremicus reflected those of the host: increasing with temperature on T. vaporariorum, while decreasing on B. argentifolii. The life history of E. eremicus was profoundly affected by that of its host. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Greenberg, S M AU - Legaspi, BC Jr AU - Jones, WA AU - Enkegaard, A AD - Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Research Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2413 East Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 851 EP - 860 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Life history KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Eretmocerus eremicus KW - Aphelinidae KW - Parasitoids KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17631667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Temperature-Dependent+Life+History+of+Eretmocerus+eremicus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphelinidae%29+on+Two+Whitefly+Hosts+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+S+M%3BLegaspi%2C+BC+Jr%3BJones%2C+WA%3BEnkegaard%2C+A&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphelinidae; Aleyrodidae; Eretmocerus eremicus; Parasitoids; Life history; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal Studies of an Isolated Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Population in Eastern Tennessee AN - 17631630; 4773464 AB - Seasonal studies on a 1,200-ha isolated infestation of Solenopsis invicta Buren located in McMinn County, TN, were initiated in 1993 and continued through 1997. Winter survivability was evaluated and compared with a southern Mississippi site. The impact of S. invicta on local myrmecofauna was compared with a Tennessee non-infested site. Data collected over four winters indicate that consecutive days at a low ambient air maximum temperature is more indicative of S. invicta winter survivability than minimum temperature. After significant S. invicta mortality the first winter (1993-1994), we did not find significant differences in ant species diversity between the S. invicta infested Tennessee site and a similar, but non-infested site, 32 km away. Species commonly collected in the S. invicta infested site included Forelius pruinosus Roger, an unnamed Forelius sp., Paratrechina terricola (Buckley) and Pheidole vinelandica Forel. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Callcott, A-MA AU - Oi, D H AU - Collins, H L AU - Williams, D F AU - Lockley, T C AD - USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Gulfport Plant Protection Station, Gulfport, MS, USA Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 788 EP - 794 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - seasonal variations KW - Ants KW - Red imported fire ant KW - USA, Mississippi KW - USA, Tennessee KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Population density KW - Formicidae KW - Population dynamics KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Infestation KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17631630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+Studies+of+an+Isolated+Red+Imported+Fire+Ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+Population+in+Eastern+Tennessee&rft.au=Callcott%2C+A-MA%3BOi%2C+D+H%3BCollins%2C+H+L%3BWilliams%2C+D+F%3BLockley%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Callcott&rft.aufirst=A-MA&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Solenopsis invicta; Population density; Population dynamics; Infestation; Spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichogramma Releases in North Carolina Cotton: Why Releases Fail to Suppress Heliothine Pests AN - 17631485; 4772397 AB - Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine the fate of naturally oviposited F3 heliothine eggs in cotton plots treated with augmentative releases of Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner and nontreated plots. Four cohorts of newly oviposited eggs (<24 h old) were followed in 1996 and two cohorts in 1997. In 1996, mean plus or minus SD percent parasitism, estimated by in-field studies following the fate of naturally oviposited eggs, ranged from 7 plus or minus 7 to 61 plus or minus 8% in T. exiguum release plots and 0 plus or minus 0 to 35 plus or minus 13% in control plots. The mean plus or minus SD percent of eggs hatched in T. exiguum release plots ranged from 1 plus or minus 2 to 11 plus or minus 4% and 7 plus or minus 4 to 28 plus or minus 10% in control plots. In 1997, mean plus or minus SD percent egg parasitism ranged from 27 plus or minus 4 to 40 plus or minus 3% in T. exiguum release plots and 15 plus or minus 18 to 25 plus or minus 8% in control plots. The mean plus or minus SD percent of eggs hatched in T. exiguum release plots ranged from 7 plus or minus 3 to 12 plus or minus 2% and 18 plus or minus 6 to 28 plus or minus 8% in control plots. Despite increased parasitism and reduced egg hatch in T. exiguum release plots, overall, there was no significant difference in larval density (all instars combined) between T. exiguum release and control plots. Combined analysis of the heliothine larval populations and egg fate data revealed that the additional egg mortality produced by released T. exiguum was offset by lower larval mortality in release plots. Because of the occurrence of compensatory mortality, the egg stage of heliothines is not an appropriate target for biological control using Trichogramma wasp releases. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Suh, CP-C AU - Orr, D B AU - Van Duyn, JW AD - USDA- ARS at Southern Plains Agriculture Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1137 EP - 1145 PB - Entomological Society of America, [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0022-0493&volume=93&page=1137] VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Trichogrammatid wasps KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Trichogrammatidae KW - Control programs KW - Pest control KW - Host plants KW - Eggs KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Parasitoids KW - Trichogramma exiguum KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17631485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Trichogramma+Releases+in+North+Carolina+Cotton%3A+Why+Releases+Fail+to+Suppress+Heliothine+Pests&rft.au=Suh%2C+CP-C%3BOrr%2C+D+B%3BVan+Duyn%2C+JW&rft.aulast=Suh&rft.aufirst=CP-C&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282000%29093%281137%3ATRINCC%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Noctuidae; Gossypium hirsutum; Trichogrammatidae; Trichogramma exiguum; Biological control; Control programs; Host plants; Parasitoids; Eggs; Pest control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2000)093(1137:TRINCC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eavesdropping on Insects Hidden in Soil and Interior Structures of Plants AN - 17630769; 4772402 AB - Accelerometer, electret microphone, and piezoelectric disk acoustic systems were evaluated for their potential to detect hidden insect infestations in soil and interior structures of plants. Coleopteran grubs (the scarabaeids Phyllophaga spp. and Cyclocephala spp.) and the curculionids Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) and Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) weighing 50-300 mg were detected easily in the laboratory and in the field except under extremely windy or noisy conditions. Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) larvae weighing 1-12 mg could be detected in small pots of wheat in the laboratory by taking moderate precautions to eliminate background noise. Insect sounds could be distinguished from background noises by differences in frequency and temporal patterns, but insects of similarly sized species could not be distinguished easily from each other. Insect activity was highly variable among individuals and species, although D. abbreviatus grubs tended to be more active than those of O. sulcatus. Tests were done to compare acoustically predicted infestations with the contents of soil samples taken at recording sites. Under laboratory or ideal field conditions, active insects within approximately 30 cm were identified with nearly 100% reliability. In field tests under adverse conditions, the reliability decreased to approximately 75%. These results indicate that acoustic systems with vibration sensors have considerable potential as activity monitors in the laboratory and as field tools for rapid, nondestructive scouting and mapping of soil insect populations. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Mankin, R W AU - Brandhorst-Hubbard, J AU - Flanders, K L AU - Zhang, M AU - Crocker, R L AU - Lapointe, S L AU - McCoy, C W AU - Fisher, J R AU - Weaver, D K AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1173 EP - 1182 PB - Entomological Society of America, [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0022-0493&volume=93&page=1173] VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Coleoptera KW - Scarab beetles KW - Snout beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Control programs KW - Measuring techniques KW - Host plants KW - Infestation KW - Curculionidae KW - Scarabaeidae KW - Pest status KW - Soil fauna KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Y 25863:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17630769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Eavesdropping+on+Insects+Hidden+in+Soil+and+Interior+Structures+of+Plants&rft.au=Mankin%2C+R+W%3BBrandhorst-Hubbard%2C+J%3BFlanders%2C+K+L%3BZhang%2C+M%3BCrocker%2C+R+L%3BLapointe%2C+S+L%3BMcCoy%2C+C+W%3BFisher%2C+J+R%3BWeaver%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Mankin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282000%29093%281173%3AEOIHIS%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scarabaeidae; Curculionidae; Measuring techniques; Infestation; Control programs; Soil fauna; Host plants; Pest status DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2000)093(1173:EOIHIS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Light Energy on Alkali-Released Virions from Anagrapha falcifera Nucleopolyhedrovirus AN - 17627838; 4771765 AB - We compared the insecticidal activities of occluded and nonoccluded AfMNPV baculovirus obtained by dissolving the occlusion bodies (OB) with sodium carbonate. Droplet feeding and cotton leaf feeding bioassay techniques were used to determine the dose response against neonate Trichoplusia ni (Huebner) and loss of insecticidal activity when the virus was exposed to simulated sunlight from a xenon light source. Using droplet bioassays to determine a dose response, nonoccluded virus (NOV) was 20 times more active (LC sub(50) = 4.8 x 10 super(3) OB/ml, dissolved) than occluded virus (LC sub(50) = 9.6 x 10 super(4) OB/ml) when the samples remained wet. However, NOV lost activity when air dried before being tested by droplet (LC sub(50) > 1.0 x 10 super(6) OB/ml) or leaf feeding (LC sub(50) > 3.0 x 10 super(6) OB/ml) bioassays. Adding sucrose to NOV prevented the loss of insecticidal activity when samples were dried. The activity of NOV with 2% sucrose was similar to that of occluded virus samples, with or without sucrose, in both droplet feeding and leaf feeding assays. These results indicate that the OB protected the insecticidal activity of virions from the detrimental effects of drying. The OB also provided some protection from the detrimental effects of simulated sunlight (xenon) exposure. NOV samples exposed to xenon light had significantly greater loss of insecticidal activity than did similar samples of occluded virus. Without advancement in technologies, such as formulations, possible benefits of increased insecticidal activity from the use of nonoccluded virus is probably not sufficient to offset the rapid loss of activity due to drying or light exposure. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Behle, R W AU - McGuire, M R AU - Tamez-Guerra, P AD - Bioactive Agents Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, 61604, Illinois, behlerw@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 120 EP - 126 PB - Academic Press VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Celery looper KW - Noctuid moths KW - Cabbage looper KW - occlusion bodies KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Virions KW - Biological control KW - Insecticides KW - Pathogenicity KW - Noctuidae KW - Alkalis KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - Anagrapha falcifera KW - Light intensity KW - Drying KW - Light effects KW - Baculovirus KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17627838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Light+Energy+on+Alkali-Released+Virions+from+Anagrapha+falcifera+Nucleopolyhedrovirus&rft.au=Behle%2C+R+W%3BMcGuire%2C+M+R%3BTamez-Guerra%2C+P&rft.aulast=Behle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjipa.2000.4958 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anagrapha falcifera; Noctuidae; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Trichoplusia ni; Baculovirus; Drying; Insecticides; Biological control; Virions; Light effects; Alkalis; Light intensity; Pathogenicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2000.4958 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of the abbreviated Brucella AMOS PCR as a rapid screening method for differentiation of Brucella abortus field strain isolates and the vaccine strains, 19 and RB51 AN - 17627612; 4764183 AB - The Brucella AMOS PCR assay was previously developed to identify and differentiate specific Brucella species. In this study, an abbreviated Brucella AMOS PCR test was evaluated to determine its accuracy in differentiating Brucella abortus into three categories: field strains, vaccine strain 19 (S19), and vaccine strain RB51/parent strain 2308 (S2308). Two hundred thirty-one isolates were identified and tested by the conventional biochemical tests and Brucella AMOS PCR. This included 120 isolates identified as B. abortus S19, 9 identified as B. abortus strain RB51, 57 identified as B. abortus biovar 1, 15 identified as B. abortus bv. 2, 1 identified as B. abortus bv. 2 (M antigen dominant), 7 identified as B. abortus bv. 4, and 22 identified as B. abortus S2308 and isolated from experimentally infected cattle. The Brucella AMOS PCR correctly identified each isolate as RB51/S2308, S19, or a field strain of Brucella. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Ewalt AU - Bricker, B J AD - USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, 1800 Dayton Rd., P.O. Box 844, Ames, IA 50010, USA, Darla.R.Ewalt@usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 3085 EP - 3086 VL - 38 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - phenotypes KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Genotyping KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Brucella abortus KW - Vaccines KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17627612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Validation+of+the+abbreviated+Brucella+AMOS+PCR+as+a+rapid+screening+method+for+differentiation+of+Brucella+abortus+field+strain+isolates+and+the+vaccine+strains%2C+19+and+RB51&rft.au=Ewalt%3BBricker%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Ewalt&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Genotyping; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichogramma exiguum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Releases in North Carolina Cotton: Evaluation of Heliothine Pest Suppression AN - 17626459; 4772396 AB - Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to reevaluate the use of augmentative releases of Trichogramma wasps for heliothine management in cotton. In 1996, nine releases of Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner, spaced 3-4 d apart, were made into three 0.4-ha cotton plots. Six weekly releases were made in 1997, each containing two T. exiguum cohorts developmentally staggered by 45 degree C degree-days. Field release rates, estimated from laboratory and field quality control data, averaged 108,357 T. exiguum per hectare per cohort per release in 1996 and 193,366 per hectare per cohort per release in 1997. In 1996, mean plus or minus SD adult emergence under laboratory conditions for released cohorts was 92 plus or minus 7%; 62 plus or minus 5% of emerged adults were females, 3 plus or minus 2% of females displayed brachyptery (nonfunctional wings), mean female longevity under laboratory conditions was 15 plus or minus 4 d, and mean plus or minus SD field emergence was 97 plus or minus 2%. Quality control measurements were similar in 1997. In 1996, mean plus or minus SD percent parasitism of heliothine eggs in field plots on the sampled dates ranged from 67 plus or minus 4 to 83 plus or minus 5% in T. exiguum release plots and 25 plus or minus 9 to 55 plus or minus 8% in control plots. In 1997, parasitism levels ranged from 74 plus or minus 4 to 89 plus or minus 5% in T. exiguum release plots and 18 plus or minus 18 to 69 plus or minus 11% in control plots. Despite increased parasitism levels in T. exiguum release plots, there were no significant differences in density of fifth instars, boll damage, or yield between T. exiguum release and control plots. Therefore, it is concluded that Trichogramma augmentation is not an effective heliothine management tool in North Carolina cotton. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Suh, CP-C AU - Orr, D B AU - Van Duyn, JW AU - Borchert, D M AD - USDA-ARS at the Southern Plains Agriculture Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1127 EP - 1136 PB - Entomological Society of America, [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0022-0493&volume=93&page=1127] VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Trichogrammatid wasps KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Trichogrammatidae KW - Control programs KW - Pest control KW - Host plants KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Parasitoids KW - Trichogramma exiguum KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17626459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Trichogramma+exiguum+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Trichogrammatidae%29+Releases+in+North+Carolina+Cotton%3A+Evaluation+of+Heliothine+Pest+Suppression&rft.au=Suh%2C+CP-C%3BOrr%2C+D+B%3BVan+Duyn%2C+JW%3BBorchert%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Suh&rft.aufirst=CP-C&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282000%29093%281127%3ATEHTRI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Noctuidae; Trichogrammatidae; Trichogramma exiguum; Gossypium hirsutum; Biological control; Control programs; Host plants; Parasitoids; Pest control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2000)093(1127:TEHTRI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatiles from duck feces attractive to Mexican fruit fly AN - 17625324; 4768168 AB - Aqueous extracts of three types of bird feces were attractive to laboratory-colony Mexican fruit flies in laboratory bioassays. Extracts of black-bellied whistling duck feces were chosen for further analysis. Duck feces extract was attractive to both sugar-fed and sugar-starved flies but was more attractive to sugar-fed flies. Protein deprivation of flies had no effect on their response. Duck feces incubated in water for 24 hr were more attractive than those incubated for longer periods. Duck feces extract was attractive at pH 5-9, but was most attractive at pH 9, indicating that more than one class of chemicals contributed to attractiveness of the feces. Major components of headspace of duck feces extracts collected by solid-phase microextraction and identified by GC-MS, GC-FID, and GC-FTD included ethanol, propanol, phenol, ammonia, low-molecular weight amines, and pyrazines. In general, chemicals containing nitrogen proved most attractive to sugar-fed flies. However, dimethylamine and 1-pyrroline were nearly equally attractive to sugar-fed and sugar-deprived flies. Two chemicals without nitrogen were attractive to sugar-deprived flies; none were attractive to sugar-fed flies. A synthetic mixture was prepared containing ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, 1-pyrroline, phenol, and 2-ethylhexanol in amounts found in odor of duck feces extract. The synthetic mixture was 96% as attractive as duck feces extract to sugar-fed flies and 80% as attractive to sugar-deprived flies. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Garcia, JA AU - Bartelt, R J AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Research, ARS, USDA 2301 South International Blvd. Weslaco, Texas 78596, USA, drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1849 EP - 1868 VL - 26 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Diptera KW - bioassays KW - Fruit flies KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - 1-Pyrroline KW - 2-Ethylhexanol KW - ammonia KW - dimethylamine KW - methylamine KW - trimethylamine KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Feces KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Attractancy KW - Anatinae KW - Phenols KW - Tephritidae KW - Volatiles KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17625324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Volatiles+from+duck+feces+attractive+to+Mexican+fruit+fly&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BGarcia%2C+JA%3BBartelt%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005544723521 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anatinae; Tephritidae; Ceratitis capitata; Volatiles; Attractancy; Feces; Phenols DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005544723521 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indicators of Great Basin rangeland health AN - 17623850; 4757846 AB - Early-warning indicators of rangeland health can be used to estimate the functional integrity of a site and may allow sustainable management of desert rangelands. The utility of several vegetation canopy-based indicators of rangeland health at 32 Great Basin rangeland locations was investigated. The indicators were originally developed in rangelands of the Chihuahuan Desert. Soil resources are lost through wind and water-driven erosion mainly from areas unprotected by plant canopies (i.e. bare soil). Study sites in Idaho had the smallest bare patches, followed by sites in Oregon. The more arid Great Basin Sagebrush Zone sites in Utah had the largest bare patches. Several vegetational indicators including percent cover by vegetation, percent cover by life-form, percent cover by sagebrush, and percent cover by resilient species were negatively related to mean bare patch size and are potential indicators of Great Basin rangeland condition. Plant community composition and the range of bare patch sizes were different at sites in the three locations in Idaho, Oregon and Utah. Therefore, expected indicator values are location specific and should not be extrapolated to other locations. The condition of study sites were often ranked differently by different indicators. Therefore, the condition of rangeland sites should be evaluated using several indicators. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - De soyza, AG AU - Van zee, JW AU - Whitford, W G AU - Neale, A AU - Tallent-Hallsel, N AU - Herrick, JE AU - Havstad, K M AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, NMSU, Las Cruces, 88003, NM, U.S.A., adesoyza@erwda.gov.ae Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 289 EP - 304 PB - Academic Press VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - USA, Great Basin KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rangelands KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Measuring techniques KW - Environmental quality KW - Geographical variations KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04130:Arid zones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17623850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Indicators+of+Great+Basin+rangeland+health&rft.au=De+soyza%2C+AG%3BVan+zee%2C+JW%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BNeale%2C+A%3BTallent-Hallsel%2C+N%3BHerrick%2C+JE%3BHavstad%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=De+soyza&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.2000.0645 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rangelands; Environmental quality; Vegetation patterns; Measuring techniques; Geographical variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0645 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of interspecific competition among an invasive and two native fire ants AN - 17620930; 4768067 AB - The mechanisms of interspecific competition among an invasive and two native Solenopsis fire ant forms were investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. In separate trials each with a different food resource, the native S. geminata x xyloni retrieved the greatest amount of a protein- and lipid-rich artificial food resource and a high protein natural food resource, and the native S. geminata retrieved the greatest amount of a high carbohydrate food resource. In trials investigating aspects of interference competition at the colony level, the invasive S. invicta proved to be initially more aggressive than S. geminata, but less aggressive than S. geminata x xyloni. Solenopsis invicta eventually controlled more of the foraging arenas against both native forms when colonies were equivalent by worker biomass, but not when colonies were equivalent by worker number. When paired with S. invicta, S. geminata suffered a significantly greater proportional reduction in both workers and entire colonies when colonies were initially standardized by worker biomass, but not when colonies were standardized by worker number. When paired with S. invicta, a significantly greater proportional reduction of workers occurred in S. geminata x xyloni, regardless of how colonies were standardized. In pairwise trials at the individual level, majors always exhibited significantly less mortality than minors, regardless of the Solenopsis form. The majors of both native forms suffered significantly less mortality than those of S. invicta. Superiority in colony-level interference ability appears to be an important mechanism allowing S. invicta to displace native Solenopsis forms. The ability of S. invicta to reach high population densities, because of intrinsic biological characteristics or an escape from natural enemies, plays an important contributory role. Similar mechanisms may underlie the success of other invasive ant species. JF - Oikos AU - Morrison, L W AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 238 EP - 252 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - Ants KW - USA KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Indigenous species KW - Invasiveness KW - Formicidae KW - Solenopsis KW - Competition KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17620930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+interspecific+competition+among+an+invasive+and+two+native+fire+ants&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Solenopsis; Competition; Invasiveness; Indigenous species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Male signalling and lek attractiveness in the Mediterranean fruit fly AN - 17620830; 4757221 AB - I tested the null hypothesis that females of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, were equally likely to visit leks composed of males with high versus low mating success. In laboratory trials, the observed distribution of matings among males differed significantly from that expected by chance, owing primarily to the higher than expected numbers of individuals with low (mated 0-1 days over 6 consecutive observation days) or high (mated 4 or more days) mating scores. I termed these two groups as 'low' and 'high' maters, respectively. In the field, greater numbers of female sightings were made at artificial leks of high maters than low maters. This result apparently reflected a greater calling propensity among high maters. Slopes of female sightings versus calling level did not differ significantly between leks of low and high maters, suggesting that the observed relationship between calling activity and female sightings was independent of male mating status. Following the same protocol, I conducted a second experiment to examine whether males used the signals of conspecific males to locate lek sites and, if so, whether signal attractiveness varied with male mating ability. Attraction of males to calling conspecifics was far weaker than that observed for females, and over five different trials a total of only seven male sightings were made at any of the established leks. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Shelly, TE AD - USDA-APHIS, Waimanalo and Hawaiian Evolutionary Biology Program, University of Hawaii, tshelly@hawaii.edu) Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 245 EP - 251 PB - Academic Press VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - Diptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Calling behavior KW - Lek behavior KW - Mate selection KW - Breeding success KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17620830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Male+signalling+and+lek+attractiveness+in+the+Mediterranean+fruit+fly&rft.au=Shelly%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Shelly&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fanbe.2000.1470 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Calling behavior; Breeding success; Lek behavior; Mate selection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1470 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyclic perturbation of lowland river channels and ecological response AN - 17617682; 4756466 AB - Certain lowland streams have experienced prehistorical and historical cycles of aggradation, occlusion, degradation, headward incision, and renewed aggradation. Historical cycles appear to be related to human activities. A case study is presented of the Yalobusha River in Mississippi with emphasis on the effects of blockage and removal on aquatic habitats and fish. The adjacent Skuna River, which was channelized and unblocked, was used in space for time substitution to infer effects of blockage removal on the Yalobusha. Variables describing physical aquatic habitat and fish were sampled from three groups of river reaches: unblocked channelized, channelized and blocked, and naturally sinuous. Fish collections were used to compute six indicators of ecological integrity. At baseflow, mean water depths were an order of magnitude lower in the unblocked channelized stream than for the others. In-channel aquatic habitat volume per unit valley length was 5, 85, and 283 m super(3)/m for the channelized, blocked channelized, and natural reaches, respectively. Mean values for all six ecological indicators were lowest for the channelized group. Species richness was greatest for the channelized blocked reach. The ecological indicators displayed gradients in response to the range of observed physical conditions. Management of corridors susceptible to the cycle described above should involve a blend of measures designed to conserve higher quality habitats. JF - Regulated Rivers: Research & Management AU - Shields, FD Jr AU - Knight, S S AU - Cooper, C M AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, 598 McElroy Road, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA, shields@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 307 EP - 325 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0886-9375, 0886-9375 KW - USA, Mississippi, Yalobusha R. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Flow KW - Water depth KW - Water Management KW - Degradation KW - Channeling KW - Base Flow KW - Incision KW - Decomposition KW - Accretion KW - Geomorphology KW - Water Depth KW - Incised Rivers KW - Rivers KW - Habitat KW - Streams (in natural channels) KW - Erosion KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Water management KW - Aggradation KW - Channels (see also Streams) KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17617682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Cyclic+perturbation+of+lowland+river+channels+and+ecological+response&rft.au=Shields%2C+FD+Jr%3BKnight%2C+S+S%3BCooper%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=FD&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.issn=08869375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F1099-1646%28200007%2F08%2916%3A43.0.CO%3B2-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water depth; Rivers; Accretion; Erosion; Geomorphology; Degradation; Water management; Habitat; Flow; Incision; Decomposition; Streams (in natural channels); Channels (see also Streams); Incised Rivers; Water Management; Aquatic Habitats; Channeling; Base Flow; Water Depth; Aggradation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1646(200007/08)16:4<307::AID-RRR582>3.0.CO;2-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Green-Ampt Mein-Larsen simulated runoff volumes to temporally aggregated precipitation AN - 17616408; 4756961 AB - Data collection frequency in automated systems is user determined and can range from seconds to hours or days. Currently, there is no standard or recommended frequency interval for collecting precipitation data from automated systems for input to event-based models such as Green-Ampt Mein-Larsen (GAML). Data from 47 storm events at seven locations were used to simulate the response of GAML excess rainfall to temporally aggregated precipitation data. No difference in model efficiency was recognized when comparing one-minute interval data (R super(2) = 1.00) to five-minute data (R super(2) = 1.00). Very little model efficiency was lost at a 10-minute (R super(2) = 0.96) interval. After 10-minutes, decline in efficiency became more rapid with R super(2) = 0.16 at one hour. The combined effect of time interval with respect to drainage area, hydraulic conductivity, maximum 30-minute intensity, and total precipitation also revealed similar results. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - King, K W AD - USDA-ARS, Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, 808 East Blackland Road, Temple, TX 76502, USA, king@brc.tamus.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 791 EP - 798 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Precipitation (Atmospheric) KW - Conductance KW - Rainfall KW - Automation KW - Data collections KW - Precipitation KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Runoff KW - Data Collections KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17616408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Response+of+Green-Ampt+Mein-Larsen+simulated+runoff+volumes+to+temporally+aggregated+precipitation&rft.au=King%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Runoff; Precipitation; Data Collections; Automation; Rainfall; Permeability Coefficient; Precipitation (Atmospheric); Data collections; Conductance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A plant virus vector for systemic expression of foreign genes in cereals AN - 17613202; 4759714 AB - Inserts bearing the coding sequences of NPT II and beta -glucuronidase (GUS) were placed between the nuclear inclusion b (NIb) and coat protein (CP) domains of the wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) polyprotein ORF. The WSMV NIb-CP junction containing the nuclear inclusion a (NIa) protease cleavage site was duplicated, permitting excision of foreign protein domains from the viral polyprotein. Wheat, barley, oat and maize seedlings supported systemic infection of WSMV bearing NPT II. The NPT II insert was stable for at least 18-30 days post-inoculation and had little effect on WSMV CP accumulation. Histochemical assays indicated the presence of functional GUS protein in systemically infected wheat and barley plants inoculated with WSMV bearing GUS. The GUS constructs had greatly reduced virulence on both oat and maize. RT-PCR indicated that the GUS insert was subject to deletion, particularly when expressed as a GUS-NIb protein fusion. Both reporter genes were expressed in wheat roots at levels comparable to those observed in leaves. These results clearly demonstrate the utility of WSMV as a transient gene expression vector for grass species, including two important grain crops, wheat and maize. The results further indicate that both host species and the nature of inserted sequences affect the stability and expression of foreign genes delivered by engineered virus genomes. JF - Plant Journal AU - Choi, I-R AU - Stenger, D C AU - Morris, T J AU - French, R AD - USDA-ARS, 344 Keim Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA, rfrench@unlnotes.unl.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 547 EP - 555 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - maize KW - barley KW - GUS gene KW - NIb protein KW - NPT II gene KW - nptII gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Wheat streak mosaic virus KW - Gene expression KW - Expression vectors KW - Virulence KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Gene transfer KW - Reporter gene KW - Zea mays KW - Avena sativa KW - Fusion protein KW - G 07358:Monocotyledons (crops) KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17613202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=A+plant+virus+vector+for+systemic+expression+of+foreign+genes+in+cereals&rft.au=Choi%2C+I-R%3BStenger%2C+D+C%3BMorris%2C+T+J%3BFrench%2C+R&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=I-R&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Journal&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-313X.2000.00820.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wheat streak mosaic virus; Triticum aestivum; Avena sativa; Zea mays; Hordeum vulgare; Reporter gene; Virulence; Expression vectors; Gene transfer; Fusion protein; Gene expression DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2000.00820.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated water management: emerging issues and challenges AN - 17611302; 4747288 AB - Most of the projected global population increases will take place in Third World Countries that already suffer from water, food, and health problems. Increasingly, agricultural water management must be coordinated with, and integrated into, the overall water management of the region. Sustainability, public health, and environmental protection are key factors. More storage of water behind dams and especially in aquifers via artificial recharge is necessary to save water in times of water surplus for use in times of water shortage. Municipal wastewater can be an important water resource but its use must be carefully planned and regulated to prevent adverse health effects and, in the case of irrigation, undue contamination of groundwater. While almost all liquid fresh water of the planet occurs underground, its long-term suitability as a source of water is threatened by non-point source pollution from agriculture and by aquifer depletion due to groundwater withdrawals in excess of groundwater recharge. Water short countries can save water by importing most of their food and electric power from other countries with more water, so that in essence they also get the water that was necessary to produce these commodities and, hence, is virtually embedded in the commodities. This 'virtual' water tends to be a lot cheaper for the receiving country than developing its own water resources. Local water can then be used for purposes with higher social or economic returns or saved for the future. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Bouwer, H AD - USDA-ARS, US Water Conservation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, 4331 E. Broadway Rd., 85040 Phoenix, AZ USA Y1 - 2000/08/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Aug 01 SP - 217 EP - 228 PB - Elsevier VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Aquifers KW - Water Management KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Socioeconomics KW - Public health KW - Public Health KW - Regional planning KW - Water resources planning KW - Regional Planning KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - water resources planning KW - Water management KW - Groundwater (see also Aquifers) KW - Public-health KW - Developing Countries KW - Groundwater KW - Developing countries KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17611302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Integrated+water+management%3A+emerging+issues+and+challenges&rft.au=Bouwer%2C+H&rft.aulast=Bouwer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-3774%2800%2900092-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public Health; Developing Countries; water resources planning; Groundwater; Aquifers; Water Management; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Regional Planning; Agriculture; Public-health; Developing countries; Water resources planning; Groundwater (see also Aquifers); Water management; Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Public health; Nonpoint pollution; Socioeconomics; Regional planning DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00092-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing the landscape level perceptual abilities of forest sciurids in fragmented agricultural landscapes AN - 17562463; 4761242 AB - Perceptual range is the maximum distance from which an animal can perceive the presence of remote landscape elements such as patches of habitat. Such perceptual abilities are of interest because they influence the probability that an animal will successfully disperse to a new patch in a landscape. Furthermore, understanding how perceptual range differs between species may help to explain differential species sensitivity to patch isolation. The objective of this research was to assess the perceptual range of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus), gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), and fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) in fragmented agricultural landscapes. Animals were captured in remote woodlots and translocated to unfamiliar agricultural fields. There they were released at different distances from a woodlot and their movements towards or away from the woodlot were used to assess their ability to perceive forested habitat. Observed perceptual ranges of approximately 120 m for chipmunks, 300 m for gray squirrels, and 400 m for fox squirrels, suggest that differences in landscape-level perceptual abilities may influence the occurrence of these species in isolated habitat patches. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Zollner, P A AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501-9128, USA, pzollner@newnorth.net Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 523 EP - 533 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Eastern chipmunk KW - Gray squirrel KW - Fox squirrel KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Tamias striatus KW - Sciurus carolinensis KW - Landscape KW - Dispersal KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Sciurus niger KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17562463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Comparing+the+landscape+level+perceptual+abilities+of+forest+sciurids+in+fragmented+agricultural+landscapes&rft.au=Zollner%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Zollner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008154532512 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tamias striatus; Sciurus carolinensis; Sciurus niger; Habitat fragmentation; Landscape; Dispersal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008154532512 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nep1 Protein from Fusarium oxysporum Enhances Biological Control of Opium Poppy by Pleospora papaveracea AN - 17560636; 4751122 AB - The fungus Pleospora papaveracea and Nep1, a phytotoxic protein from Fusarium oxysporum, were evaluated for their biocontrol potential on opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Four treatments consisting of a control, P. papaveracea conidia, Nep1 (5 mu g/ml), P. papaveracea conidia plus Nep1 (5 mu g/ml) were used in detached-leaf and whole-plant studies. Conidia of P. papaveracea remained viable for 38 days when stored at 20 or 4 degree C. Nep1 was stable in the presence of conidia for 38 days when stored at 4 degree C or for 28 days at 20 degree C. The presence of Nep1 did not affect conidia germination or appressoria formation. Nep1 was recovered from drops applied to opium poppy leaves in greenhouse and field studies 24 h after treatment. Opium poppy treated with the combination of Nep1 and P. papaveracea had higher necrosis ratings than the other treatments. There were changes in the intercellular protein profiles, determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and silver staining, due to application of treatments; the most intense occurred in response to the combination of Nep1 and P. papaveracea. The combination of Nep1 and P. papaveracea enhanced the damage caused to opium poppy more than either component alone. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bailey, BA AU - Apel-Birkhold, P C AU - Akingbe, O O AU - Ryan, J L AU - O'Neill, N R AU - Anderson, J D AD - Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, baileyb@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 812 EP - 818 VL - 90 IS - 8 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Nep1 protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Germination KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Conidia KW - Pleospora papaveracea KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17560636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Nep1+Protein+from+Fusarium+oxysporum+Enhances+Biological+Control+of+Opium+Poppy+by+Pleospora+papaveracea&rft.au=Bailey%2C+BA%3BApel-Birkhold%2C+P+C%3BAkingbe%2C+O+O%3BRyan%2C+J+L%3BO%27Neill%2C+N+R%3BAnderson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=812&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; Pleospora papaveracea; Biological control; Plant diseases; Conidia; Germination; Gel electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Virulence of Acremonium cucurbitacearum and Monosporascus cannonballus on Cucumis melo AN - 17560597; 4751117 AB - Assessment of plant response to inoculation with soilborne pathogens is essential for evaluation of fungal virulence. Combined plant responses (damage to hypocotyl, root-stem junction, primary root, secondary roots, and reduction in leaf area) used to derive a disease severity index (DSI) provided a functional assessment of both plant damage and pathogen virulence. Spanish isolates of Acremonium cucurbitacearum ranged from virulent to highly virulent on muskmelon cv. Magnum 45, whereas isolates from the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas ranged from weakly virulent to moderately virulent. Spanish isolates of Monosporascus cannonballus ranged from nonpathogenic to weakly virulent, whereas LRGV isolates ranged from weakly virulent to moderately virulent. Regression analysis of multiple inoculum densities established that CFU per gram of soil of 5, 10, 20, and 40 for M. cannonballus and 0.1 x 10 super(4), 1 x 10 super(4), 2 x 10 super(4), and 3 x 10 super(4) for A. cucurbitacearum, respectively, were adequate for virulence assessment of isolates of either fungus in greenhouse tests on seedlings. Seed planting depth had a significant effect on DSI. The 4-cm depth generally had smaller standard errors of the mean disease rating, indicating greater precision in determining isolate virulence. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bruton, B D AU - Garcia-Jimenez, J AU - Armengol, J AU - Popham, T W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, South Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Lane, OK 74555, USA, bbruton-usda@lane-ag.org Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 907 EP - 913 VL - 84 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Spain KW - USA, Texas KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plant diseases KW - Cucumis melo KW - Monosporascus cannonballus KW - Virulence KW - Soil-borne diseases KW - Acremonium cucurbitacearum KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17560597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Virulence+of+Acremonium+cucurbitacearum+and+Monosporascus+cannonballus+on+Cucumis+melo&rft.au=Bruton%2C+B+D%3BGarcia-Jimenez%2C+J%3BArmengol%2C+J%3BPopham%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Bruton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acremonium cucurbitacearum; Monosporascus cannonballus; Cucumis melo; Soil-borne diseases; Plant diseases; Virulence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism of Degradation of Methyl Bromide and Propargyl Bromide in Soil AN - 17040871; 4819774 AB - The degradation of methyl bromide (MB) and propargyl bromide (PB) was investigated in soil and water to obtain information on the mechanism of degradation. It has been suggested that primary alkyl halides (including MB and the potential alternatives PB and methyl iodide) can undergo S sub(N)2 nucleophilic substitution with nucleophilic sites on soil organic matter (i.e., -NH sub(2), -NH, -OH,-SH). The pattern of product formation observed in this study provides more direct evidence that fumigants that are primary alkyl halides can alkylate soil organic matter and that this may be a significant mechanism of degradation in soil. Degradation in water samples (hydrolysis) formed Br super(-) and the corresponding alcohol (propargyl alcohol from PB, methanol from MB) in equimolar amounts. The rate of hydrolysis was not significantly different from the rate of Br super(-) formation for both MB and PB. Degradation in two soils resulted in the formation of Br super(-), but very little production of the corresponding alcohol, indicating that some mechanism other than hydrolysis must be occurring in the soil. Degradation of MB and PB was much more rapid in the higher-organic-matter clay loam soil than in the sandy loam soil. Spiking super(14)C-labeled MB to soil resulted in the formation of nonextractable (soil-bound) super(14)C, which increased as the extractable super(14)C decreased. Microbial oxidation was not significant in these soil samples, which were sterilized through autoclaving and/or treatment with high concentrations of fumigants. These results provide further experimental evidence that MB, PB, and similar compounds can alkylate soil organic matter. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Gan, J AU - Yates AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA, spapiernik@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1322 EP - 1328 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - methyl bromide KW - propargyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Clay KW - Biodegradation KW - Organic matter KW - Hydrolysis KW - Soil KW - Sand KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17040871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+Degradation+of+Methyl+Bromide+and+Propargyl+Bromide+in+Soil&rft.au=Papiernik%2C+S+K%3BGan%2C+J%3BYates&rft.aulast=Papiernik&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biodegradation; Soil; Organic matter; Hydrolysis; Clay; Sand ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions from Anaerobic Swine Lagoons: Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, and Dinitrogen Gas AN - 17040863; 4819777 AB - Seventy-five percent of swine (Sus scrofa) production systems in North America use anaerobic or liquid-slurry systems for waste holding or disposal. Accurate emissions data and emission factors are needed for engineering, planning, and regulatory agencies. These data are used for system design and evaluation of the effect of animal concentrations on the regional soil, surface and ground waters, and atmospheric environments. Noninvasive techniques were used to evaluate trace gases without disturbing the meteorology or lagoon system being measured. Micrometeorological and gas sensors were mounted on a submersible barge in the center of the lagoon for use with flux-gradient methodology to determine trace gas fluxes, without disturbing atmospheric transport processes, over extended periods. Collateral measurements included lagoon nutrient, dissolved gas concentrations, and sludge gas mass flux. Ammonia emissions varied diurnally and seasonally and were highly correlated with windspeed and water temperature. Nutrient loading measurements showed that mobile ions, which were nonvolatile, were constant throughout four successive lagoons. Immobile ions concentrated primarily in the sludge layer of the first lagoon. Measurements of denitrification N sub(2) losses suggest as much N sub(2)-N lost as from NH sub(3)-N. Ammonia gas emissions are not as large a percentage of total nitrogen input to the lagoons as previously thought but unaccounted-for nitrogen requires further research. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Harper, LA AU - Sharpe, R R AU - Parkin, T B AD - Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Unit, USDA-ARS-JPCSNRCC, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA, lharper@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1356 EP - 1365 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - swine KW - Pig KW - Wild pig KW - Wild boar KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Ions KW - Animal wastes KW - Sus scrofa KW - Ammonia KW - Lagoons KW - Gases KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Emission measurements KW - Wastewater KW - Nitrogen KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17040863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Gaseous+Nitrogen+Emissions+from+Anaerobic+Swine+Lagoons%3A+Ammonia%2C+Nitrous+Oxide%2C+and+Dinitrogen+Gas&rft.au=Harper%2C+LA%3BSharpe%2C+R+R%3BParkin%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sus scrofa; Gases; Nitrogen; Emission measurements; Lagoons; Ammonia; Nitrous oxide; Animal wastes; Waste disposal sites; Ions; Wastewater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of Coal Combustion By-Products in Controlling Phosphorus Export from Soils AN - 17036647; 4819703 AB - Phosphorus (P) export from high P soils is a major cause of eutrophication in fresh waters. Recent work has shown that the solubility of P in high P soils can be reduced with coal combustion by-products (CCBs), decreasing the potential for dissolved phosphorus (DP) export from these soils. However, the effect of such treatments on plant-available P and P export has not been quantified. We measured P uptake by canola (Brassica napus L.) from three high P (130-370 mg kg super(-1) Mehlich-3 P) soils treated with two CCBs, fluidized bed combustion flyash (FBC), flue gas desulfurization (FGD) CaSO sub(4) anhydride, and agricultural gypsum (GYP). We measured DP, particulate phosphorus (PP), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in runoff from grassed and bare soils treated with these materials and subjected to simulated runoff. Phosphorus, As, Cd, and Pb uptake by canola were unaffected by CCB treatment, and dry-matter yields were unrelated to treatment. On grassed soils, FBC, FGD, and GYP reduced DP concentration in runoff by 20, 43, and 33%, respectively, but did not affect As, Cd, or Pb concentrations in runoff. Also on grassed soils, the high application rate of FGD reduced TP in runoff by 35%. On bare soils where erosion of PP controlled P loss, CCBs and GYP had no effect on DP concentration in runoff. Application of CCBs to high P soils in zones of high surface runoff potential, where there is little erosion, has the potential to reduce P export without affecting crop production. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Stout, W L AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Landa, J AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Lab., Building 3702, Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, ws1@psu.edu Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 1239 EP - 1244 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Arsenic KW - Soil Contamination KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Combustion products KW - Phosphorus KW - Flyash KW - Coal KW - Crops KW - Water quality control KW - Soil KW - Fly Ash KW - Pollution (Soil) KW - Brassica napus KW - Cadmium KW - Water Quality Control KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Runoff KW - Freshwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17036647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+Coal+Combustion+By-Products+in+Controlling+Phosphorus+Export+from+Soils&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BLanda%2C+J&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil; Arsenic; Combustion products; Phosphorus; Cadmium; Coal; Crops; Runoff; Freshwater pollution; Water quality control; Pollution (Soil); Flyash; Pollution (Water); Fly Ash; Soil Contamination; Water Pollution Sources; Water Quality Control; Brassica napus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adherence of Lactobacillus to Intestinal 407 Cells in Culture Correlates with Fibronectin Binding AN - 1448207661; 18619887 AB - Lactobacilli are members of the normal mucosal microflora of most animals. Many isolates of Lactobacillus spp. are adherent to epithelial cells. In this study, using Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. agilis, we detected adherence in a pattern that suggested that the bacteria were binding to extracellular matrix proteins. Fluorescent microscopy, by using anti-fibronectin antibody, demonstrated that the isolates localize in those areas where fibronectin was detected. In addition, fibronectin pretreatment of the bacterial cells decreased adherence to Intestinal 407 epithelial cell monolayers. Cellular binding to fibronectin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and affinity binding to radio-labeled fibronectin. Fibronectin may be one of the eukaryotic receptors mediating attachment of Lactobacillus to mucosal surfaces. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Kapczynski, Darrell R AU - Meinersmann, Richard J AU - Lee, Margie D AD - Southeast Poultry Research, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, USA, US Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 136 EP - 141 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antibodies KW - Lactobacillus acidophilus KW - Fibronectin KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448207661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Adherence+of+Lactobacillus+to+Intestinal+407+Cells+in+Culture+Correlates+with+Fibronectin+Binding&rft.au=Kapczynski%2C+Darrell+R%3BMeinersmann%2C+Richard+J%3BLee%2C+Margie+D&rft.aulast=Kapczynski&rft.aufirst=Darrell&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002840010107 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibronectin; Lactobacillus acidophilus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002840010107 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative stress protection and vulnerability in aging: putative nutritional implications for intervention. AN - 72285415; 10996014 AB - Research indicates that vulnerability to oxidative stress (OSV) may increase in aging, suggesting that age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular dementia (VAD) may be superimposed upon a vulnerable neuronal environment. Determinations in cell models have suggested that the enhanced OSV may be the result of, (a) increases in membrane lipids, especially sphingomyelin and the sphingomyelin metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate, (b) decreases in glutathione, and (c) CNS distribution of OS-sensitive neuronal muscarinic receptor subtypes (e.g. M1, M2 and M4). These changes appear to enhance, (a) decrements in cellular calcium buffering following KCl-induced depolarization, and (b) cell death under OS conditions. Among the most effective agents that antagonized cellular OSV were the combination of polyphenolics found in fruits (e.g. blueberry extract) with high antioxidant activity. Subsequent experiments using dietary supplementation with fruit (strawberry) or vegetable (spinach) extracts have shown that such extracts are also effective in forestalling and reversing the deleterious effects of behavioral aging in F344 rats. Thus, it appears that the beneficial effects of the polyphenolics found in fruits and vegetables in neuronal aging and behavior may be similar to those seen with respect to carcinogenesis and cardiovascular disease. JF - Mechanisms of ageing and development AU - Joseph, J A AU - Denisova, N A AU - Bielinski, D AU - Fisher, D R AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. jjoseph@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2000/07/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 31 SP - 141 EP - 153 VL - 116 IS - 2-3 SN - 0047-6374, 0047-6374 KW - Receptors, Muscarinic KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Cognition -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Neurons -- cytology KW - Neurons -- physiology KW - Cell Membrane -- physiology KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- metabolism KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72285415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mechanisms+of+ageing+and+development&rft.atitle=Oxidative+stress+protection+and+vulnerability+in+aging%3A+putative+nutritional+implications+for+intervention.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BDenisova%2C+N+A%3BBielinski%2C+D%3BFisher%2C+D+R%3BShukitt-Hale%2C+B&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-07-31&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mechanisms+of+ageing+and+development&rft.issn=00476374&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene genealogies reveal global phylogeographic structure and reproductive isolation among lineages of Fusarium graminearum, the fungus causing wheat scab. AN - 71246825; 10869425 AB - During the past decade, the plant disease called scab or Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley has reached epidemic proportions in North America and elsewhere in the world. Scab is an economically devastating plant disease, not only because it causes significant reduction in seed yields and quality, but also because infested seeds are often contaminated with trichothecene and estrogenic mycotoxins that pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. To test whether the primary etiological agent of scab, the fungus Fusarium graminearum, is panmictic throughout its range, allelic genealogies were constructed from six single-copy nuclear genes from strains selected to represent the global genetic diversity of this pathogen. Excluding one hybrid strain, all six genealogies recovered the same seven biogeographically structured lineages, suggesting that they represent phylogenetically distinct species among which gene flow has been very limited during their evolutionary history. Parsimony analysis of the combined data set comprising 7,120 aligned nucleotide characters resolved most relationships among the seven lineages of the F. graminearum clade and related fusaria included in the study. Phylogenetic evidence is also presented for introgressive hybridization and intragenic recombination among lineages of the F. graminearum clade in nature. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - O'Donnell, K AU - Kistler, H C AU - Tacke, B K AU - Casper, H H AD - Microbial Properties Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. kodonnell@sunca.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/07/05/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 05 SP - 7905 EP - 7910 VL - 97 IS - 14 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Oryza -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Hordeum -- microbiology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Triticum -- microbiology KW - Geography KW - Edible Grain -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Biological Evolution KW - Fusarium -- classification KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71246825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Gene+genealogies+reveal+global+phylogeographic+structure+and+reproductive+isolation+among+lineages+of+Fusarium+graminearum%2C+the+fungus+causing+wheat+scab.&rft.au=O%27Donnell%2C+K%3BKistler%2C+H+C%3BTacke%2C+B+K%3BCasper%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-07-05&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=7905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF212461; GENBANK; AF212460; AF212463; AF212462; AF212446; AF212464; AF212447; AF212448; AF212449; AF212442; AF212443; AF212444; AF212445; AF212440; AF212441; AF212452; AF212451; AF212439; AF212450; AF212437; AF212456; AF212438; AF212455; AF212435; AF212454; AF212436; AF212453; AF212459; AF212458; AF212457 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genetics. 1994 Apr;136(4):1307-17 [8013907] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jan 23;93(2):770-3 [8570632] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1995 Jul-Aug;8(4):593-601 [8589414] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 May 13;94(10):5478-82 [9144263] Mol Ecol. 1997 Aug;6(8):781-6 [9262014] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jan 6;95(1):388-93 [9419385] Fungal Genet Biol. 1999 Apr;26(3):224-35 [10361036] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 3;95(5):2044-9 [9482835] Fungal Genet Biol. 1998 Feb;23(1):57-67 [9501477] FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 18;435(2-3):163-8 [9762900] J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Mar;37(3):653-63 [9986828] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 11;96(10):5878-83 [10318978] J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 16;273(3):1654-61 [9430709] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of doramectin 0.5% w/v Pour-On for control of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans. AN - 71191674; 10856818 AB - In 1998, three groups of cattle at three locations in Lousiana were treated with Dectomax((R)) (0.5% doramectin) Pour-On and horn fly populations were monitored. Acceptable levels (less than 50 flies per side) of horn fly control were observed from 4 to 8 weeks. Differences in the length of control among the three sites were most likely affected by immigration of adult flies from untreated groups. In 1999, acceptable horn fly control was obtained for 13 weeks by the use of two treatments of doramectin Pour-On. JF - Veterinary parasitology AU - Andress, E R AU - DeRouen, S M AU - Foil, L D AD - USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Brawley, CA 92227, USA. Y1 - 2000/07/04/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 04 SP - 327 EP - 331 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0304-4017, 0304-4017 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - doramectin KW - KGD7A54H5P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Random Allocation KW - Female KW - Administration, Topical KW - Ivermectin -- standards KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Ivermectin -- administration & dosage KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Insecticides -- standards KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Diptera -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71191674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+parasitology&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+doramectin+0.5%25+w%2Fv+Pour-On+for+control+of+the+horn+fly%2C+Haematobia+irritans.&rft.au=Andress%2C+E+R%3BDeRouen%2C+S+M%3BFoil%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Andress&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-07-04&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+parasitology&rft.issn=03044017&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultraviolet radiation in urban ecosystems with consideration of effects on human health AN - 860392505; 13880122 AB - Excess exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun, particularly the ultraviolet B (UVB), is cited as a cause or contributing factor for deleterious effects on human health, including skin cancers and cataracts. Rates of skin cancer have increased greatly in recent years, and increased UVB caused by reductions in stratospheric ozone may be responsible for some of the increase in rates, though quantified estimates of the effect of the UVB changes on health have low certainty. UVB exposure also affects the function of the immune system, and the potential resulting effects on infectious diseases and immunizations are a concern. Epidemiological considerations suggest that peoples' routine exposure to UV in urban areas can be significant in adverse health effects, particularly for young children. Projected trends of ozone indicate that agreements to limit ozone-depleting substances are slowing the UVB increase, but high levels will continue and apparently impact health to the middle of the current century. Urban trees greatly reduce ultraviolet irradiance in their shade when they obscure both the sun and sky. Where trees or other structures obscure only the sun, leaving much of the sky in view, UVB irradiance will be greater than suggested by the visible shade. Since air pollutants influence the UVB above the canopy, and the overlying atmosphere is usually more polluted in urban than rural areas, additional above-canopy monitoring of UV in urban areas is needed for comparison to existing rural monitoring sites. Such monitoring would facilitate the development of computer models of urban effects on UV, which are needed for epidemiological investigations, public education, and urban planning. JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - Heisler, Gordon M AU - Grant, Richard H AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, c/o College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 5 Moon Library, Syracuse, NY, 13210, gheisler@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 193 EP - 229 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Irradiance KW - Trees KW - Immune system KW - Skin cancer KW - Atmosphere KW - sun KW - U.V. radiation KW - Infectious diseases KW - Pollutants KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Planning KW - Sun KW - Canopies KW - Urban areas KW - Ozone KW - Skin KW - Mathematical models KW - Cataracts KW - Shade KW - Children KW - Cancer KW - Immunization KW - Rural areas KW - X 24390:Radioactive Materials KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860392505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Ultraviolet+radiation+in+urban+ecosystems+with+consideration+of+effects+on+human+health&rft.au=Heisler%2C+Gordon+M%3BGrant%2C+Richard+H&rft.aulast=Heisler&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1012210710900 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Irradiance; Cataracts; Shade; Immune system; Skin cancer; Children; Atmosphere; Immunization; U.V. radiation; Pollutants; Infectious diseases; Sun; Planning; Canopies; Ozone; Skin; Ecosystems; Trees; Ultraviolet radiation; sun; Cancer; Rural areas; Urban areas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012210710900 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Method for Measuring Degradation of Individual Components in Multicomponent Biodegradable Plastics by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry AN - 831179581; 13882554 AB - A new chemometric method based on Beer's law was derived that uses peak ratios from Fourier transform infrared spectra of neat polymers and their composite plastics to quantify degradation of the individual polymers after biodegradation. The method affords direct measurement of polymer concentrations and weight losses without prior calibration against known composites. Unlike traditional chemometric methods, this method does not require sampling of as many or more different composites as the number of polymers in the composite being analyzed. When the neat polymer spectra are known, only two measurements, one before and one after biodegradation, are needed. A potentially major advance is that the method allows automation of analytical infrared wavelength selection by computer from all possible wavelength combinations. In this paper, the theoretical basis and derivation of the mathematical model for multicomponent systems is presented. The validity of the model was proved initially by applying the method to simulated two-polymer and three-polymer composites and finally by comparing test results with known samples of biodegradable composites prepared in the laboratory. Potential future development of the method for more challenging multicomponent plastics is discussed. JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment AU - Gordon, Sherald H AU - Imam, Syed H AU - James, Christopher AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Polymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois, 61604, gordon@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 125 EP - 134 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1566-2543, 1566-2543 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Biodegradation KW - Computers KW - Automation KW - Plastics KW - Wavelength KW - Sampling KW - Biodegradability KW - Spectrometry KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831179581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=A+Method+for+Measuring+Degradation+of+Individual+Components+in+Multicomponent+Biodegradable+Plastics+by+Fourier+Transform+Infrared+Spectrometry&rft.au=Gordon%2C+Sherald+H%3BImam%2C+Syed+H%3BJames%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Sherald&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15662543&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1014825816031 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biodegradation; Mathematical models; Computers; Automation; Sampling; Wavelength; Plastics; Biodegradability; Spectrometry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014825816031 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of botanicals and dietary supplements for antioxidant capacity: a review. AN - 72266784; 10995120 AB - Free radicals and other reactive species are considered to be important causative factors in the development of diseases of aging such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This relationship has led to considerable interest in assessing the antioxidant capacity of foods and botanicals and other nutritional antioxidant supplements. The use of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay as a tool for antioxidant assessment is described and proposed as a method for comparing botanical sources and for standardizing nutritional supplements. The free radical or oxidant source is important and direct comparisons cannot be made between procedures that use different sources. The ORAC procedure uses 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a peroxyl radical source, which is relevant to biological systems because the peroxyl radical is the most abundant free radical. Other oxidant sources (hydroxyl radical and Cu++) can also be used to characterize antioxidants in botanicals. Phenolics or polyphenolics are responsible for most of the antioxidant capacity in fruits, vegetables, and most botanical antioxidant supplements. Although little is known about the absorption and metabolism of these components, improvement in the in vivo antioxidant status has been observed in human subjects following consumption of antioxidant botanicals. The ORAC method provides a basis from which to establish appropriate dietary intakes that might impact health outcomes. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Prior, R L AU - Cao, G AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. PY - 2000 SP - 950 EP - 956 VL - 83 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Free Radicals KW - Oxidants KW - Phenols KW - Index Medicus KW - Vegetables -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Phenols -- pharmacokinetics KW - Absorption KW - Diet KW - Oxidants -- analysis KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Plants, Edible -- chemistry KW - Dietary Supplements -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72266784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+botanicals+and+dietary+supplements+for+antioxidant+capacity%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Prior%2C+R+L%3BCao%2C+G&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=950&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incorporation of the elderberry anthocyanins by endothelial cells increases protection against oxidative stress. AN - 72216758; 10962205 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of endothelial cells (EC) to incorporate anthocyanins and to examine their potential benefits against various oxidative stressors. Endothelial dysfunction has been proposed to play an important role in the initiation and development of vascular disease, with studies having shown that administration of antioxidants improves endothelial function. Elderberry extract contains 4 anthocyanins, which where incorporated into the plasma membrane and cytosol of EC following 4 h incubation at 1 mg.ml(-1). However, incorporation within the cytosol was considerably less than that in the membrane. Uptake within both regions appeared to be structure dependent, with monoglycoside concentrations higher than that of the diglucosides in both compartments. The enrichment of EC with elderberry anthocyanins conferred significant protective effects in EC against the following oxidative stressors: hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)); 2, 2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH); and FeSO(4)/ascorbic acid (AA). These results show for the first time that vascular EC can incorporate anthocyanins into the membrane and cytosol, conferring significant protective effects against oxidative insult. These findings may have important implications on preserving EC function and preventing the initiation of EC changes associated with vascular diseases. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Youdim, K A AU - Martin, A AU - Joseph, J A AD - Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Boston, MA 02111, USA. kyoudim@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2000/07/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 01 SP - 51 EP - 60 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Amidines KW - 0 KW - Anthocyanins KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Oxidants KW - Plant Extracts KW - 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) KW - 7381JDR72F KW - iron(III)-ascorbic acid complex KW - 91260-12-7 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Amidines -- pharmacology KW - Cattle KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Mitochondria -- enzymology KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Aorta KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Ferric Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- drug effects KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- cytology KW - Anthocyanins -- pharmacology KW - Anthocyanins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Fruit KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72216758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Incorporation+of+the+elderberry+anthocyanins+by+endothelial+cells+increases+protection+against+oxidative+stress.&rft.au=Youdim%2C+K+A%3BMartin%2C+A%3BJoseph%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Youdim&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dry-grind process for fuel ethanol by continuous fermentation and stripping. AN - 71762893; 10933825 AB - Conversion of a high-solids saccharified corn mash to ethanol by continuous fermentation and stripping was successfully demonstrated in a pilot plant consuming 25 kg of corn per day. A mathematical model based on previous pilot plant results accurately predicts the specific growth rate obtained from these latest results. This model was incorporated into a simulation of a complete dry-grind corn-to-ethanol plant, and the cost of ethanol production was compared with that of a conventional process. The results indicate a savings of $0.03 per gallon of ethanol produced by the stripping process. The savings with stripping result from the capacity to ferment a more concentrated corn mash so there is less water to remove downstream. JF - Biotechnology progress AU - Taylor, F AU - Kurantz, M J AU - Goldberg, N AU - McAloon, A J AU - Craig, J C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. ftaylor@arserrc.gov PY - 2000 SP - 541 EP - 547 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - Gasoline KW - 0 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Fermentation KW - Ethanol -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71762893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+progress&rft.atitle=Dry-grind+process+for+fuel+ethanol+by+continuous+fermentation+and+stripping.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+F%3BKurantz%2C+M+J%3BGoldberg%2C+N%3BMcAloon%2C+A+J%3BCraig%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The '4-poster' passive topical treatment device to apply acaricide for controlling ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) feeding on white-tailed deer. AN - 71293420; 10916301 AB - A '4-poster' device that attracts white-tailed deer to a bait source, and as they feed, allows a self-application of a pesticide to the head, ears, and neck to control ticks was designed, constructed, and tested. The device consists of a central bin containing bait to attract deer and two feeding and application stations. These stations each have one bait port and two vertical pesticide-impregnated applicator rollers. This design allows unrestricted vertical retraction of the head to minimize injury to the deer or damage to the posts supporting the pesticide application rollers. Observations using deer demonstrated ready acceptance and repeated use by both antlered and antlerless deer. Results of an initial trial indicate that control values for lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), exceeded 92-97% on deer that used the device regularly. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Pound, J M AU - Miller, J A AU - George, J E AU - Lemeilleur, C A AD - USDA-ARS-Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX 78028-9184, USA. Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - July 2000 SP - 588 EP - 594 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Tick Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Ticks KW - Deer -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71293420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=The+%274-poster%27+passive+topical+treatment+device+to+apply+acaricide+for+controlling+ticks+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+feeding+on+white-tailed+deer.&rft.au=Pound%2C+J+M%3BMiller%2C+J+A%3BGeorge%2C+J+E%3BLemeilleur%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Pound&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=588&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attachment and growth of Salmonella Chester on apple fruits and in vivo response of attached bacteria to sanitizer treatments. AN - 71246846; 10914653 AB - Attachment and growth of Salmonella Chester on fresh-cut apple disks and in vivo response of attached bacteria to sanitizer treatments were investigated. Apple disks (14 mm in diameter and 3 to 4 mm in thickness) were immersed in a bacterial suspension that contained 8.17 log CFU/ml of Salmonella Chester and air dried at room temperature for 10 min. After two rinses, the population of Salmonella Chester retained on apple disks that contained no skin was 13 to 19% higher than that retained on disks that contained skin, indicating that Salmonella Chester attached more firmly to the surfaces of injured tissue than to the unbroken skin. The number of bacteria attached to the disk was not affected by the immersion time but was directly proportional to the concentration of bacteria in the suspension. The distribution of artificially inoculated Salmonella Chester on the surfaces of three different parts of whole fruit was determined; 94% of attached bacteria was found on the stem and calyx cavity areas and 6% on the skin of the remaining area of the fruit. Despite their acidic pH (4.1), apple disks supported the growth of Salmonella Chester at 20 degrees C but not at 8 degrees C. All four sanitizers tested in the study, including 6% hydrogen peroxide, 2% trisodium phosphate, 0.36% calcium hypochlorite, and 1.76% sodium hypochlorite, were effective in reducing the population of Salmonella Chester on apple disks by 1 to 2 logs. However, 5 to 13% of bacteria survived the sanitizer treatments. Hydrogen peroxide, which reduced the population of Salmonella Chester on skin by 3 to 4 logs and the population of bacteria on stem or calyx by 1 to 2 logs, was the most effective among the four sanitizers tested. Firm attachment of bacteria on calyx, stem, and injured tissue and partial resistance of attached bacteria to sanitizer treatments are two major obstacles to be considered when developing methods for cleaning and decontaminating apple fruits destined for juice production and fresh consumption. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Liao, C H AU - Sapers, G M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. cliao@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - July 2000 SP - 876 EP - 883 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Disinfectants -- pharmacology KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Salmonella -- physiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Salmonella -- ultrastructure KW - Rosales -- microbiology KW - Bacterial Adhesion -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71246846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Attachment+and+growth+of+Salmonella+Chester+on+apple+fruits+and+in+vivo+response+of+attached+bacteria+to+sanitizer+treatments.&rft.au=Liao%2C+C+H%3BSapers%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=876&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landslide occurrence potential map for the Island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia GIS AN - 51631575; 2006-013766 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - White, Robin S AU - Myers, Robyn L AU - Tepel, Robert E Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - July 2000 SP - 120 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - landslides KW - Island of Pohnpei KW - geographic information systems KW - geologic hazards KW - mass movements KW - Oceania KW - Micronesia KW - mapping KW - information systems KW - digital terrain models KW - slope stability KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51631575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Landslide+occurrence+potential+map+for+the+Island+of+Pohnpei%2C+Federated+States+of+Micronesia+GIS&rft.au=White%2C+Robin+S%3BMyers%2C+Robyn+L%3BTepel%2C+Robert+E&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists, 43rd annual meeting and Groundwater Resources Association, 9th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - digital terrain models; geographic information systems; geologic hazards; information systems; Island of Pohnpei; landslides; mapping; mass movements; Micronesia; Oceania; slope stability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stratigraphy and hydrology of the Jackson-Frazier wetland, Oregon AN - 27764748; 2001-34-000101 (CE); 0527126 (EN) AB - The relationship between wetland soils and hydrology can be better understood by linking soil geomorphological features to the measurement of groundwater depths in the soil. Soil stratigraphic analysis and long-term measurements of soil water levels in piezometers were used at the Jackson-Frazier wetland in western Oregon to investigate the interaction between local geomorphological history and the hydrology of the wetland. Morphological descriptions confirm the presence of a recent smectitic alluvial deposit (80-180 cm) overlying Malpass clay ( approximately 35 cm thick), which overlies Irish Bend Silt. X-ray diffraction and isotope analysis support the conclusion of the presence of the Holocene alluvium and Irish Bend Silt, but are inconclusive regarding the Malpass clay. Piezometer data from 1992 to 1996 show that the smectitic alluvium controls saturation and drying of the wetland surface, and that a separate water table is present below the Malpass clay in the Irish Bend silt. The recent alluvium and Malpass clay act as an aquitard that restricts the vertical infiltration of surface water and helps restrict the groundwater table in the Irish Bend silt deposit. These stratigraphic relationships and associated hydrologic responses provide a means to identify wetlands and predict hydrologic conditions on similar wetland landscapes. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - D'Amore, David V AU - Stewart, Scott R AU - Huddleston, J Herbert AU - Glasmann, J Reed AD - USDA Forest Service, Juneau, AK, USA PY - 2000 SP - 1535 EP - 1543 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA, [mailto:lhendrickson@agronomy.org], [URL:http://www.soils.org] VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Wetlands KW - Clay (material) KW - Alluvial deposits KW - Silts KW - Hydrology KW - Alluvial clays KW - Geomorphology KW - Groundwater KW - Piezometers KW - Joining KW - Isotopes KW - Infiltration KW - Deposits KW - Water tables KW - Landscapes KW - Control equipment KW - Stratigraphy KW - Diffraction KW - Drying KW - Article KW - EE 483.1:Soils and Soil Mechanics KW - EE 444:Water Resources KW - EE 933.1.1:Crystal Lattice (EN) KW - EE 481.1.1:Geomorphology KW - EE 481.1:Geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27764748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Stratigraphy+and+hydrology+of+the+Jackson-Frazier+wetland%2C+Oregon&rft.au=D%27Amore%2C+David+V%3BStewart%2C+Scott+R%3BHuddleston%2C+J+Herbert%3BGlasmann%2C+J+Reed&rft.aulast=D%27Amore&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by a Tropical Marine Bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. NRRL B-30083 AN - 18439159; 5416856 AB - Pseudoalteromonas sp. NRRL B-30083 was isolated as the predominant PHBV-degrading organism from a tropical marine environment. In complex medium, the isolate grew well at temperatures between 23 degree C and 33 degree C, with an optimal doubling time of about 30 min. NaCl was required at concentrations between 0.2 N and 0.8 N. Optimal pH levels for growth were between pH 6.5 and pH 8.5. Liquid cultures grew modestly on PHBV as a sole carbon source under optimal conditions, although PHBV depolymerase activity was not detected. JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment AU - Leathers, T D AU - Govind, N S AU - Greene, R V AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA, leathetd@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 119 EP - 124 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1566-2543, 1566-2543 KW - polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvaleric acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18439159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+Poly%283-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate%29+by+a+Tropical+Marine+Bacterium%2C+Pseudoalteromonas+sp.+NRRL+B-30083&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BGovind%2C+N+S%3BGreene%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15662543&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen Partitioning in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-Infected Hosts and the Effects of Nitrogen on Attraction/Repulsion AN - 18412001; 5399430 AB - Entomopathogenic nematode behavior is affected by the condition of their infected hosts. We hypothesized that nitrogen compounds released from infected hosts may be one factor affecting entomopathogenic nematode host-finding and infection behaviors. Our objectives were to (1) investigate the partitioning of nitrogen in Galleria mellonella (L.) infected by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar and (2) determine attraction and repulsion of H. bacteriophora to various quantities of nitrogen (ammonia). Volatile (ammonia), organic, and inorganic nitrogen forms were monitored during the course of infection. Approximately 0.052 mg of nitrogen was released from a single infected host as volatile ammonia. Most of the ammonia release was detected within the first 3 days postinoculation. Organic nitrogen increased during the course of infection, whereas inorganic nitrogen decreased. The net nitrogen change in the infected host consisted of a loss of approximately 47 mg, most of which was lost within the 1st week of infection. Accelerated loss of nitrogen early in the infection process was likely correlated with activity and growth of bacterial symbionts. Increased organic nitrogen was likely associated with nematode reproduction within the host. Attraction or repulsion of H. bacteriophora to nitrogen (ammonium hydroxide) was measured on agar quadrant plates. Nematodes were attracted to 16 and 160 mg of nitrogen and repelled by concentrations of 1600 and 8000 mg. Our data indicate that nitrogen released from H. bacteriophora-infected hosts attracts nematodes at lower levels (early in the infection) and repels them at higher concentrations (later in the infection process). Copyright 2000 Academic Press. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Shapiro, DI AU - Lewis, EE AU - Paramasivam, S AU - McCoy, C W AD - USDA-ARS SE Fruit and Tree Nut Research Lab, Byron, GA 31008, dshapiro@byronresearch.net Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 43 EP - 48 PB - Academic Press, Inc., 525 B St. Ste. 1900 San Diego CA 92101-4495 USA, [mailto:apsubs@acad.com] VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Ammonium hydroxide KW - Greater wax moth KW - ammonium hydroxide KW - attraction KW - repulsion KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18412001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+Partitioning+in+Heterorhabditis+bacteriophora-Infected+Hosts+and+the+Effects+of+Nitrogen+on+Attraction%2FRepulsion&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+DI%3BLewis%2C+EE%3BParamasivam%2C+S%3BMcCoy%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=DI&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjipa.2000.4944 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2000.4944 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of the hilA Salmonella typhimurium gene in a poultry Salm. enteritidis isolate in response to lactate and nutrients AN - 17837778; 4865255 AB - Pathogens express virulence genes in response to the combination of environmental conditions present in the host environment. The crop is the first gastrointestinal environment encountered in birds. However, feed withdrawal alters the crop environment resulting in an increased pH, and decreased concentrations of lactate, glucose and amino acids compared with unmoulted birds. Salmonella enteritidis infections increase significantly in hens that have been force moulted by feed withdrawal. The present study examined the effects of pH, carbohydrate sources, amino acids and lactate on expression of Salm. enteritidis virulence by measuring expression of hilA. The hilA gene encodes a transcriptional activator that regulates expression of Salmonella virulence genes in response to environmental stimuli. HilA expression was determined using a poultry isolate of Salm. enteritidis carrying a hilA-lacZY transcriptional fusion from Salm. typhimurium. The media used were Luria Bertani (LB) broth and LB broth diluted 1 : 5 (DLB). The expression of hilA was 2.9-fold higher in DLB broth compared with LB broth which suggested that there is a nutritional component to the regulation of hilA. Addition of 0.2% glucose, fructose or mannose to LB and DLB reduced hilA expression 1.5 to twofold. Addition of 0.2% Casaminoacids, arabinose, fucose, or lactose had little effect on hilA expression. Lactate (25 and 50 mmmol l super(-1)) reduced hilA expression at pH 6, 5 and 4, with the lowest expression occurring at pH 4. Based on these results it appears that the composition of the crop lumen could potentially influence Salm. enteritidis virulence expression. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Durant, J AU - Corrier, D AU - Stanker, L AU - Ricke, S AD - Department of Poultry Science, Texas A and M University and USDA-ARS, College Station, TX, USA Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 63 EP - 69 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 89 IS - 1 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - poultry KW - hilA gene KW - lactic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Amino acids KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Virulence KW - Carbohydrates KW - pH effects KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17837778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+the+hilA+Salmonella+typhimurium+gene+in+a+poultry+Salm.+enteritidis+isolate+in+response+to+lactate+and+nutrients&rft.au=Durant%2C+J%3BCorrier%2C+D%3BStanker%2C+L%3BRicke%2C+S&rft.aulast=Durant&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2000.01089.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Salmonella enteritidis; Carbohydrates; Amino acids; pH effects; Virulence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01089.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of cutinolytic esterase by filamentous bacteria AN - 17835788; 4864784 AB - Thirty-eight strains of filamentous bacteria, many of which are thermophilic or thermotolerant and commonly found in composts and mouldy fodders, were examined for their ability to produce cutinolytic esterase (cutinase) in culture media supplemented with cutin, suberin or cutin-containing agricultural by-products. Initially, the ability of culture supernatants to hydrolyse the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate was determined by spectrophotometric assays. Only one bacterium, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris NRRL B-16117, exhibited cutinolytic esterase production. The enzyme was highly inducible, was repressed by the presence of glucose in the medium and hydrolysed both apple and tomato cutins. Inducers included apple cutin, apple pomace, tomato peel, potato suberin and commercial cork. Unlike similar fungal enzymes, the T. vulgaris cutinolytic esterase was not inducible by cutin hydrolysate. The cutinolytic esterase exhibited a half-life of over 60 min at 70 degree C and a pH optimum of greater than or equal to 11.0. This study indicates that thermophylic filamentous bacteria may be excellent commercial sources of heat-stable cutin-degrading enzymes that can be produced by fermentation of low cost feedstocks. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Fett, W AU - Wijey, C AU - Moreau, R AU - Osman, S AD - Plant Science and Technology, Eastern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, USA Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 25 EP - 29 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - cutin KW - cutinase KW - suberin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Filamentous bacteria KW - Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KW - Thermophilic bacteria KW - Heat tolerance KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17835788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+cutinolytic+esterase+by+filamentous+bacteria&rft.au=Fett%2C+W%3BWijey%2C+C%3BMoreau%2C+R%3BOsman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thermoactinomyces vulgaris; Heat tolerance; Thermophilic bacteria; Filamentous bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of methods for isolating Salmonella bacteria from faeces of naturally infected pigs AN - 17829766; 4865246 AB - A series of experiments was conducted using faecal samples collected from commercial swine farms to evaluate the effects of variation in methods used for the detection of Salmonella bacteria. The primary objective of the studies was to compare the protocols routinely used in two laboratories in the USA. The studies included five experiments comparing the enrichment protocols used routinely in the respective laboratories (Method 1: 10 g faeces--buffered peptone water (BPW) pre-enrichment--selective enrichment in Rappaport/Vassiliadis (RV) broth; Method 2: similar to 1g faeces--primary enrichments in tetrathionate and Hajna GN broths--secondary enrichment in RV broth). The effects of enrichment temperatures (37 vs 42 degree C) using RV broth (two experiments) and delayed secondary enrichment (four experiments) were also evaluated. Direct comparison of Method 1 and Method 2 indicated comparable results. However, when compared using faecal samples of equal weight, the Method 2 enrichment protocol was more sensitive for detecting Salmonella bacteria than the Method 1 protocol. Enrichment in RV at 42 degree C was superior to 37 degree C, particularly for samples that were pre-enriched in BPW. Delayed secondary enrichment increased detection of Salmonella bacteria in swine faeces. These results highlight the imperfect sensitivity of culture methods, and the need for researchers to consider the sensitivity of bacteriological methods in the design and interpretation of the results of epidemiologic studies based on faecal culture JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Davies, P AU - Turkson, P AU - Funk, J AU - Nichols, M AU - Ladely, S AU - Fedorka-Cray, P AD - Department of Farm Animal Health and Resource Management, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, and USDA-ARS, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA, USA Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 169 EP - 177 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 89 IS - 1 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - swine KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Media (enrichment) KW - Culture systems KW - Feces KW - Salmonella KW - Media (isolation) KW - J 02862:Infection KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17829766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+methods+for+isolating+Salmonella+bacteria+from+faeces+of+naturally+infected+pigs&rft.au=Davies%2C+P%3BTurkson%2C+P%3BFunk%2C+J%3BNichols%2C+M%3BLadely%2C+S%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Culture systems; Feces; Media (isolation); Media (enrichment) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal deployment of crop roots in CO sub(2)-enriched environments AN - 17820481; 4859253 AB - Growth of crops in CO sub(2)-enriched atmospheres typically results in significant changes in root growth and development. Increased root carbohydrates stimulate root growth either directly (functioning as substrates) or indirectly (functioning as signal molecules) by enhancing cell division or cell expansion, or both. Although highly variable, the literature suggests that, generally, initiation and stimulation of lateral roots is favored over the elongation of primary roots, leading to more highly branched, shallower root systems. Such architectural shifts can render root systems less efficient, perhaps contributing to the lower specific root activities often reported. Allocation of carbon (C) to roots fluctuates through the life of the plant; root functional and growth responses should therefore not be viewed as static. In annual crops, C allocation to belowground processes changes as vegetative growth switches to reproduction and maturation. Reductions in C allocation to roots over time might cause temporal shifts in root deployment, perhaps affecting root demography. However, significant changes in root turnover (defined here as root flux or mortality relative to total root pool size) as a result of decreased root longevities in crop plants are unlikely. Consideration of changing C allocation to roots, a more thorough understanding of the mechanistic controls on root longevity, and a better characterization of the rooting habits (life histories) of different crop species will further our understanding of how increasing atmospheric [CO sub(2)] will affect root demography. This knowledge will lead the way toward a more thorough understanding of the linkage of atmosphere with belowground plant function and also that of plant function with soil biology and structure. Ultimately, successful modeling of global C and nitrogen (N) cycles will require empirical data concerning spatial and temporal deployment of roots for a range of crop species grown under different agricultural management systems. JF - New Phytologist AU - Pritchard, S G AU - Rogers, H H AD - USDA-ARS Wind Erosion & Water Conservation Laboratory, PO Box 909, Big Spring, Texas 79721-0909, USA Y1 - 2000/07/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 01 SP - 55 EP - 71 VL - 147 IS - 1 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Plants KW - Roots KW - Atmospheric conditions KW - Crops KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17820481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+deployment+of+crop+roots+in+CO+sub%282%29-enriched+environments&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+S+G%3BRogers%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crops; Roots; Atmospheric conditions; Plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of Salmonella spp. and Strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Gamma Radiation of Inoculated Sprouts AN - 17723425; 4795920 AB - There have been several recent outbreaks of salmonellosis and infections with Escherichia coli O157:H7 linked to the consumption of raw sprouts. Use of ionizing radiation was investigated as a means to reduce or to totally inactivate these pathogens, if present, on the sprouts. The radiation D value, which is the amount of irradiation in kilograys for a 1-log reduction in cell numbers, for these pathogens was established using a minimum of five doses at 19 plus or minus 1 degree C. Before inoculation, the sprouts were irradiated to 6 kGy to remove the background microflora. The sprouts were inoculated either with Salmonella spp. cocktails made with either meat or vegetable isolates or with E. coli O157:H7 cocktails made with either meat or vegetable isolates. The radiation D values for the Salmonella spp. cocktails on sprouts were 0.54 and 0.46 kGy, respectively, for the meat and vegetable isolates. The radiation D values for the E. coli O157:H7 cocktails on sprouts were 0.34 and 0.30 kGy, respectively, for the meat and vegetable isolates. Salmonella was not detected by enrichment culture on sprouts grown from alfalfa seeds naturally contaminated with Salmonella after the sprouts were irradiated to a dose of 0.5 kGy or greater. Ionizing radiation is a process that can be used to reduce the population of pathogens on sprouts. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Thayer, D W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, krajkowski@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 871 EP - 875 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Dose-response effects KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Food contamination KW - Food irradiation KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17723425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+Salmonella+spp.+and+Strains+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+by+Gamma+Radiation+of+Inoculated+Sprouts&rft.au=Rajkowski%2C+K+T%3BThayer%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Rajkowski&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food irradiation; Food contamination; Ionizing radiation; Dose-response effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Avoiding the nest: Responses of field sparrows to the threat of nest predation AN - 17632540; 4785759 JF - Auk AU - Burhans, DE AD - United States Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 202 ABNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, burhans/nc_co@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 803 EP - 806 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0004-8038&volume=117&page=803] VL - 117 IS - 3 SN - 0004-8038, 0004-8038 KW - Field sparrow KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Spizella pusilla KW - Anti-predator behavior KW - Avoidance behavior KW - Nests KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25506:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17632540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Avoiding+the+nest%3A+Responses+of+field+sparrows+to+the+threat+of+nest+predation&rft.au=Burhans%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Burhans&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0004-8038%282000%29117%280803%3AATNROF%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spizella pusilla; Nests; Anti-predator behavior; Avoidance behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0004-8038(2000)117(0803:ATNROF)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Winter site fidelity of Nearctic migrants in shade coffee plantations of different sizes in the Dominican Republic AN - 17628335; 4785697 AB - We studied three Nearctic migrant species (American Redstart [Setophaga ruticilla], AMRE; Black-and-white Warbler [Mniotilta varia], BAWW; Black-throated Blue Warbler [Dendroica caerulescens], BTBW) wintering in 14 isolated shade coffee plantations (0.1 to 8.7 ha) in the Dominican Republic to determine if site fidelity was comparable to that in tropical forests and if it decreased with plantation size. Site fidelity was measured as the percentage of wandering birds captured in mist nets, as overwinter site persistence of uniquely marked birds observed on the same sites (November to March), and as annual return of marked individuals to previously occupied sites (January to January). The percentages of wanderers in net captures were mostly lower than values reported for natural forests (AMRE 21%, BAWW 12%, BTBW 41%) and did not vary with plantation size. Overwinter site persistence (AMRE 65%, BAWW 65%, BTBW 76%) and annual return (AMRE 34%, BAWW 40%, BTBW 31%) in the plantations fell within the range of values reported for natural forests. Overwinter site persistence decreased with plantation size only in AMRE, although BAWW showed lower persistence in small plantations from early to midwinter. Annual return decreased with plantation size only in AMRE. Despite diminished site fidelity in small plantations, these birds showed some fidelity to small plantations, many of which were smaller than the mean size of winter home ranges. JF - Auk AU - Wunderle, J M AU - Latta, S C AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 490, Palmer, PR 00721, USA, wunderle@coqui.net Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 596 EP - 614 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0004-8038&volume=117&page=596] VL - 117 IS - 3 SN - 0004-8038, 0004-8038 KW - coffee KW - Dominican Rep. KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Parulidae KW - Coffea KW - Shade KW - Site fidelity KW - Species composition KW - Plantations KW - Winter KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17628335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Winter+site+fidelity+of+Nearctic+migrants+in+shade+coffee+plantations+of+different+sizes+in+the+Dominican+Republic&rft.au=Wunderle%2C+J+M%3BLatta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Wunderle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=596&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0004-8038%282000%29117%280596%3AWSFONM%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parulidae; Coffea; Species composition; Site fidelity; Plantations; Shade; Winter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0004-8038(2000)117(0596:WSFONM)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory Evaluation of Selected Spray Adjuvants as Ultraviolet Light Protectants for the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of the Celery Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 17623132; 4761601 AB - Four spray adjuvants were tested in the laboratory as ultraviolet light (UV) protectants for the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV), against the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner). We tested a sodium lignin sulfonate (Lignosite AN registered ), two diaminostilbene disulfonic acid-derived fluorescent brighteners (Blankophor BBH registered and Blankophor HRS registered ), and a nutrient-based feeding stimulant (Coax registered ). Lignosite AN was active as a UV protectant; Blankophor BBH, as both an enhancer and a UV protectant; Blankophor HRS, as an enhancer only, and; Coax, as a UV protectant only. Lack of an effect of Coax as a feeding stimulant may be due to the design of the bioassay, in which larvae were confined on small pieces of foliage. However, the practical utility of some, if not all, of these materials may be limited by the cost and/or bulk of the amounts required to achieve the desired effects. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Farrar, RR Jr AU - Ridgway, R L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Bldg. 011A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 239 EP - 250 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Celery looper KW - Beet armyworm KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Anagrapha falcifera KW - Sprays KW - Pathogens KW - Adjuvants KW - U.V. radiation KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17623132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Laboratory+Evaluation+of+Selected+Spray+Adjuvants+as+Ultraviolet+Light+Protectants+for+the+Nuclear+Polyhedrosis+Virus+of+the+Celery+Looper+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Farrar%2C+RR+Jr%3BRidgway%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=RR&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anagrapha falcifera; Spodoptera exigua; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Noctuidae; U.V. radiation; Sprays; Adjuvants; Biological control; Pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apple fruit infested with codling moth are more attractive to neonate codling moth larvae and possess increased amounts of (E,E)- alpha -farnesene AN - 17613330; 4749768 AB - Apple fruit artificially infested with codling moth larvae attracted significantly more neonate larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella than uninfested fruit. A greater number of larvae responded to odor in an olfactometer from codling moth-infested cold-stored Red Delicious thinning apples than uninfested apples. Immature Granny Smith, Red Delicious, or Golden Delicious apples that were infested on the tree for five days by codling moth larvae were more attractive to neonate codling moth larvae than similar but uninfested fruit of the same varieties. Apples infested on the tree and sampled five days later also contained significantly greater amounts of the larval attractant (E,E)- alpha -farnesene, compared to uninfested apples. Other types of injury to apple fruit did not produce results similar to that from codling moth infestation, either in increased attractiveness to codling moth larvae or in increased quantities of (E,E)- alpha -farnesene. These results are consistent with the reported attractiveness of (E,E)- alpha -farnesene to neonate codling moth larvae. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Landolt, P J AU - Brumley, JA AU - Smithhisler, CL AU - Biddick, L L AU - Hofstetter, R W AD - USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951, USA, landolt@yarl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 1685 EP - 1699 VL - 26 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - apples KW - Leaf rollers KW - alpha -Farnesene KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - ^a-Farnesene KW - Fruits KW - Attractancy KW - Tortricidae KW - Infestation KW - Odor KW - Feeding behavior KW - Cydia pomonella KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17613330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Apple+fruit+infested+with+codling+moth+are+more+attractive+to+neonate+codling+moth+larvae+and+possess+increased+amounts+of+%28E%2CE%29-+alpha+-farnesene&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J%3BBrumley%2C+JA%3BSmithhisler%2C+CL%3BBiddick%2C+L+L%3BHofstetter%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005595014589 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cydia pomonella; Tortricidae; Infestation; Attractancy; Odor; Fruits; Feeding behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005595014589 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absorption and Distribution of Selenium in Animals Consuming Canola Grown for Selenium Phytoremediation AN - 17609650; 4745627 AB - Canola (Brassica napus) grown as a selected plant species for field phytoremediation of selenium (Se) may be harvested and utilized as Se-enriched forage for marginally Se-deficient lambs and cows. Two field studies were conducted under controlled conditions to evaluate the accumulation of Se into different animal tissues, including blood, excreta, and milk. In Study 1, treatments consisted of feeding lambs freshly cut Se-enriched canola (containing approximately 4 mg Se kg super(-1) DM) or control canola (containing <0.1 mg Se kg super(-1) DM), respectively, for 64 days. In Study 2, treatments consisted of feeding cows dried Se-enriched canola (containing approximately 3.5 mg Se kg super(-1) DM) as part of their daily ration for 20 days. In Study 1 at postmortem, Se concentrations were significantly greater in all tested tissues and in excreta from lambs fed Se-enriched canola. In Study 2, Se values were slightly higher in blood and excreta, but not significantly higher in milk from cows sampled throughout the study. Significant differences in total live animal weight were not observed between treatments in either study. Based on these results, canola plants (not including seeds) used for field phytoremediation of Se may be harvested and safely fed to lambs and cows to help meet normal Se intake requirements. JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Mayland, H F AD - Water Management Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 2021 S. Peach Avenue, Fresno, 93727, California Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 322 EP - 328 PB - Academic Press VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - tissues KW - sheep KW - cattle KW - Brassica napus KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Animals KW - Milk KW - Livestock KW - Blood KW - Selenium KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Phytoremediation KW - Absorption KW - Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17609650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.atitle=Absorption+and+Distribution+of+Selenium+in+Animals+Consuming+Canola+Grown+for+Selenium+Phytoremediation&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BMayland%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Feesa.1999.1909 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brassica napus; Animals; Diets; Absorption; Selenium; Phytoremediation; Bioaccumulation; Livestock; Toxicity testing; Blood; Milk DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1999.1909 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergence of vegetative propagules of Potamogeton nodosus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Vallisneria americana, and Hydrilla verticillata based on accumulated degree-days AN - 17605036; 4736219 AB - The purpose of this study was to develop equations that predict emergence from vegetative propagules for four species of aquatic plants. We established artificial propagule banks by growing monoecious and dioecious Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Potamogeton pectinatus L., Potamogeton nodosus Poiret in outdoor tanks in Davis, California. Dioecious H. verticillata, P. pectinatus, P. nodosus and Vallisneria americana L. were grown in similar tanks in Lewisville, Texas. Emergence of undisturbed propagules was monitored the following spring. In California, P. pectinatus tubers, P. nodosus winter buds, and axillary turions formed by monoecious H. verticillata began to sprout at about the same time in mid-February, while dioecious H. verticillata tubers did not begin to emerge until mid-August. The distinct separations of emergence times for propagules in the Texas experiment were similar to those observed in California, and V. americana showed the earliest emergence time. Using sediment temperature data from each location, we calculated degree-days using the single triangle method. We fit a single logistic equation relating cumulative emergence to accumulated degree-days for each species-propagule combination from the two locations. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AU - Madsen, J D AU - Owens, C S AD - USDA-ARS Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Robbins Hall, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA, dfspencer@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 237 EP - 249 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - USA, California KW - USA, California, Davis KW - USA, Texas KW - USA, Texas, Lewisville KW - degree-days KW - emergence KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Prediction KW - Timing KW - Temperature effects KW - Experimental Data KW - Propagules KW - Mathematical Equations KW - Temperature KW - Aquatic plants KW - Field Tests KW - Environmental factors KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Aquatic Plants KW - Potamogeton KW - Comparison Studies KW - Vallisneria americana KW - Monitoring KW - Emergence KW - Vegetative reproduction KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17605036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Emergence+of+vegetative+propagules+of+Potamogeton+nodosus%2C+Potamogeton+pectinatus%2C+Vallisneria+americana%2C+and+Hydrilla+verticillata+based+on+accumulated+degree-days&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G%3BMadsen%2C+J+D%3BOwens%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3770%2800%2900091-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Aquatic plants; Environmental factors; Vegetative reproduction; Propagules; Emergence; Timing; Prediction; Experimental Data; Aquatic Plants; Comparison Studies; Mathematical Equations; Temperature; Field Tests; Monitoring; Potamogeton; Vallisneria americana; Hydrilla verticillata DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(00)00091-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and Emergence of the Alfalfa Pollinator Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) AN - 17571639; 4758022 AB - Megachile rotundata (F.), a gregarious, cavity-nesting, leaf-cutting bee, is used throughout North America for the pollination of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., seed crops. We examined the influence of various temperature regimes on development, survival, emergence, and longevity in both nondiapausing and diapausing forms of this species. In general, development rates increased with increasing constant temperatures used in this study (18, 22, 26, and 29 degree C), but the 26 and 29 degree C treatments were clearly superior as rearing temperatures for immatures. In diapausing individuals, a variable temperature treatment 14:27 degree C (8:16 h daily cycle, mean 22 degree C) reduced the length of prepupal and pupal development stages following incubation in the early summer when compared with individuals reared under the constant 22 degree C treatment. We discuss the importance of differing temperature regimes on M. rotundata development, survival, and longevity over the entire life cycle. We also discuss the importance of making a connection between immature development and sufficient wintering conditions to postdiapause development, a topic that has received much more attention in the literature. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Kemp, W P AU - Bosch, J AD - USDA-ARS, Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5310, USA Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 904 EP - 911 PB - Entomological Society of America, [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=904] VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Leafcutting bees KW - Alfalfa leafcutting ant KW - Alfalfa KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pollinators KW - Megachilidae KW - Development KW - Megachile rotundata KW - Emergence KW - Medicago sativa KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Development+and+Emergence+of+the+Alfalfa+Pollinator+Megachile+rotundata+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Megachilidae%29&rft.au=Kemp%2C+W+P%3BBosch%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=904&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%280904%3ADAEOTA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Megachilidae; Megachile rotundata; Medicago sativa; Development; Emergence; Pollinators DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(0904:DAEOTA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of the Ectoparasite Necremnus breviramulus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Its Venom on Natural and Factitious Hosts AN - 17571315; 4758020 AB - Prepupae of Hypera eximia (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a natural host, and prepupae of factitious insect hosts were tested for their physiological responses to stinging by the gregarious ectoparasite, Necremnus breviramulus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), and to injection with an extract of the venom gland tissue dissected from the lower reproductive tract of the female parasite. The arrestment of development produced by N. breviramulus venom was expressed in the natural host, H. eximia, and in all insects tested outside the natural host range of the parasite (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Cerambycidae, and Chrysomelidae; Lepidoptera: Plutellidae and Noctuidae). Arrestment activity was found to be associated with the aqueous extract of the venom apparatus, and the response was shown to be dose-dependent. The protein composition of the venom from N. breviramulus differed from other eulophids tested and did not contain the molt-arresting protein found in Euplectrus spp. The difference in venom proteins may account for the different physiological effects and host range of these eulophid parasites. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Coudron, T A AU - Wright, MMK AU - Puttler, B AU - Brandt, S L AU - Rice, W C AD - Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 1503 South Providence Road, Research Park, Columbia, MO 65203-3535, USA Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 890 EP - 897 PB - Entomological Society of America, [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=890] VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Eulophid wasps KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Necremnus breviramulus KW - Development KW - Venom KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Eulophidae KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Effect+of+the+Ectoparasite+Necremnus+breviramulus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Eulophidae%29+and+Its+Venom+on+Natural+and+Factitious+Hosts&rft.au=Coudron%2C+T+A%3BWright%2C+MMK%3BPuttler%2C+B%3BBrandt%2C+S+L%3BRice%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Coudron&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=890&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%280890%3AEOTENB%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eulophidae; Necremnus breviramulus; Venom; Host-parasite interactions; Development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(0890:EOTENB)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Colonization on Upland Cottons and Relationships to Leaf Morphology and Leaf Age AN - 17571055; 4758074 AB - We compared Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring colonization on Stoneville (ST) 474 and Deltapine (DPL) 5415 cottons, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the field. We also examined leaf trichome density, leaf age, and leaf morphological characteristics as possible factors influencing cultivar host selection. The increased numbers of all B. argentifolii life stages on ST 474 in the field appeared to be related to the higher trichome density on abaxial leaf surfaces compared with DPL 5415. In both cultivars, leaves from node number 1 below the terminals were smaller and had higher vascular bundle densities and numbers of lysigenous glands than older, larger leaves. Younger leaves also had smaller leaf areole areas, more terminal vein endings per unit leaf area, and shorter distances from abaxial leaf surfaces to minor vein phloem tissues compared with older leaves. These younger leaf morphological characteristics may contribute to the higher B. argentifolii densities on younger leaves. In the laboratory, electronically monitored adult females and visually monitored settled first and fourth instars preferred to probe into secondary and tertiary leaf veins as compared with main and primary leaf veins. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Chu, C-C AU - Freeman, T P AU - Buckner, J S AU - Henneberry, T J AU - Nelson AU - Walker, G P AU - Natwick, E T AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 912 EP - 919 PB - Entomological Society of America, [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=912] VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Colonization KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Leaf characters KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Host plants KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+Colonization+on+Upland+Cottons+and+Relationships+to+Leaf+Morphology+and+Leaf+Age&rft.au=Chu%2C+C-C%3BFreeman%2C+T+P%3BBuckner%2C+J+S%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J%3BNelson%3BWalker%2C+G+P%3BNatwick%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Chu&rft.aufirst=C-C&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%280912%3ABAHACO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia argentifolii; Gossypium hirsutum; Colonization; Leaf characters; Host plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(0912:BAHACO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of Pseudacteon Parasitoid (Diptera: Phoridae) Effects on Exploitative and Interference Competition in Host Solenopsis Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AN - 17568854; 4758013 AB - I conducted a series of laboratory experiments to quantify the effects and elucidate the mechanisms by which Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier phorid flies affect the exploitative and interference components of interspecific competition in host Solenopsis invicta Buren ants. In manipulative experiments, workers retrieved 50% less food in a foraging tray with phorids present, compared with an equidistant foraging tray with the same food resource but without phorids. The average number of workers actively foraging in the tray with phorids was significantly less than in the tray without phorids. There were no significant differences in either average worker size or average number of workers present at the food resource at the end of the trials in trays with phorids versus trays without phorids. In a control set of trials in which no phorids were added to either foraging tray, the size of foraging workers averaged over both foraging trays was significantly larger than in either the phorid or no-phorid tray of the manipulative experiments. This suggests that colonies can communicate the generalized presence of phorids in an area, which leads to a decrease in foraging by major workers. S. invicta workers retrieved an intermediate amount of food in the foraging trays of the control experiment compared with the phorid and no-phorid trays of the manipulative experiment. Moreover, the overall amount of food obtained in both foraging trays was similar for the manipulative and control experiments, suggesting that the S. invicta colonies were able to compensate for harassment by phorids by altering their foraging strategy, which resulted in no net loss of food retrieved. When S. invicta was paired with S. geminata (F.) in interference competition experiments, phorid flies had no effect on the outcome of interspecific interactions. Phorids did not appear to be attracted to host workers once they were engaged in combat with enemy workers, and the spatial distribution of fighting was significantly different than the spatial distribution of parasitization attempts. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Morrison, L W AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 841 EP - 849 PB - Entomological Society of America, [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=841] VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Diptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Humpbacked flies KW - Ants KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Foraging behavior KW - Spatial distribution KW - Formicidae KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Pseudacteon tricuspis KW - Phoridae KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Competition KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17568854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+Pseudacteon+Parasitoid+%28Diptera%3A+Phoridae%29+Effects+on+Exploitative+and+Interference+Competition+in+Host+Solenopsis+Ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%280841%3AMOPPDP%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phoridae; Formicidae; Pseudacteon tricuspis; Solenopsis invicta; Competition; Host-parasite interactions; Foraging behavior; Spatial distribution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(0841:MOPPDP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Attacking Species of Medicinal Herbal Plants AN - 17568807; 4758015 AB - Research was conducted on the production potential of selected medicinal herbal plant species as new crops suitable for cultivation in South Carolina. Whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) were found in an experimental production field infesting five perennial species of medicinal herbal plants [feverfew, Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bipontinus; St. John's wort, Hypericum perforatum L.; purple coneflower, Echinacea pallida (Nuttall) Nuttall and E. purpurea (L.) Moench; and common valerian, Valeriana officinalis L.]. This article reports on whiteflies attacking and developing on these plant species. Density of whitefly nymphs was highest (mean = 2.3/ cm super(2)) on the second fully expanded leaf on the apical meristem of E. purpurea as compared with the same leaf position on the other plant species where average whitefly density ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 nymphs per square centimeter from late November 1998 through January 1999. Similarly, adult capture on sticky cards was high (mean = 123 whiteflies per card) in plots of E. purpurea compared with plots of the other four species (mean = 8 to 20 whiteflies per card per species), and adult counts were elevated in the highest (440 kg N/ha) of three fertility rates in E. purpurea. Moreover, laboratory tests agreed with the observation of a higher population of B. argentifolii on E. purpurea compared with the other four plant species. The whitefly completed development on all five plant species, and whitefly-associated parasitoids emerged from field-leaf samples of each plant species. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Simmons, A M AU - McCutcheon, G S AU - Dufault, R J AU - Hassell, R L AU - Rushing, J W AD - U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 856 EP - 861 PB - Entomological Society of America, [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=856] VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Medicinal plants KW - Host plants KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17568807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+Attacking+Species+of+Medicinal+Herbal+Plants&rft.au=Simmons%2C+A+M%3BMcCutcheon%2C+G+S%3BDufault%2C+R+J%3BHassell%2C+R+L%3BRushing%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%280856%3ABAHAAS%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia argentifolii; Medicinal plants; Host plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(0856:BAHAAS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particle Lengths of Whitefly-Transmitted Criniviruses AN - 17561298; 4744423 AB - An improved method for particle length measurement was used for six members of the genus Crinivirus. Particle measurements were conducted with a CCD-72S solid state camera, which was interfaced with a Zeiss EM 109 electron microscope, and analyzed using the analysis 2.1 Image Analysis Software. In comparisons of specimen preparation methods, the leaf dip method is more representative and reproducible than the antibody capture method or preparation from purified virions. Particle length (nm) ranges of whitefly-transmitted criniviruses are: Abutilon yellows virus (AYV), 800 to 850; Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), 750 to 800; Lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV), 800 to 850; Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV), 700 to 750; Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), 800 to 850; and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), 850 to 900. JF - Plant Disease AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Wisler, G C AU - Duffus, JE AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905, USA, hliu@pwa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 803 EP - 805 VL - 84 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Homoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Abutilon yellows virus KW - Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus KW - Lettuce chlorosis virus KW - Lettuce infectious yellows virus KW - Tomato infectious chlorosis virus KW - Tomato chlorosis virus KW - antibody capture method KW - leaf dip method KW - particle length KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - crinivirus KW - Disease transmission KW - Preparation KW - Purification KW - Plant viruses KW - V 22021:Virus purification & preparation KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17561298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Particle+Lengths+of+Whitefly-Transmitted+Criniviruses&rft.au=Liu%2C+H-Y%3BWisler%2C+G+C%3BDuffus%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=H-Y&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crinivirus; Abutilon yellows virus; Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus; Lettuce chlorosis virus; Lettuce infectious yellows virus; Tomato infectious chlorosis virus; Tomato chlorosis virus; Aleyrodidae; Plant viruses; Disease transmission; Purification; Preparation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lowering of Plasma LDL Cholesterol in Hamsters by the Tomato Glycoalkaloid Tomatine AN - 17560464; 4752567 AB - Tomatoes contain the steroidal glycoalkaloid tomatine, which has been reported to form strong, insoluble complexes with cholesterol in vitro. To determine whether tomatine can reduce dietary cholesterol absorption and plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, we fed hamsters a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet with 0.05-0.2% added tomatine in the diet. The tomatine diets induced lowering of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) without changing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Compared to the control diets, four- to fivefold more labeled dietary cholesterol and coprostanol was excreted in the feces of the tomatine-fed hamsters. The amount of cholesterol excreted in the feces corresponded to the amount of tomatine in the diet. These observations suggest that due to the formation of an insoluble tomatine-cholesterol complex and its excretion in the feces, very little dietary tomatine is absorbed from the digestive tract into the blood stream. They are also consistent with the reported low oral toxicity of tomatine compared to other glycoalkaloids. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Friedman, M AU - Fitch, TE AU - Yokoyama, W E AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA, mfried@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 549 EP - 553 VL - 38 IS - 7 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - LDL cholesterol KW - hamsters KW - tomato KW - tomatine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Plasma KW - Cholesterol KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17560464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Lowering+of+Plasma+LDL+Cholesterol+in+Hamsters+by+the+Tomato+Glycoalkaloid+Tomatine&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M%3BFitch%2C+TE%3BYokoyama%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0278-6915%2800%2900050-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Plasma; Cholesterol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00050-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A functional explanation for patterns of norditerpenoid alkaloid levels in tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) AN - 17557712; 4749762 AB - Concentrations of norditerpenoid alkaloids vary among larkspur (Delphinium) species, locations, and years, but environmental stresses seem to have little effect on alkaloid levels. There is a need for a functional hypothesis of alkaloid synthesis and metabolism to explain the observed trends in concentration and to predict the toxicity of larkspur populations. This study was replicated at two locations over two years in the mountains of central Utah. Ten tall larkspur (D. barbeyi) plants were marked at each location, and a single stalk was harvested from each plant at weekly intervals throughout the growing season. Concentrations of toxic and total alkaloids were measured by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and alkaloid pools were calculated by multiplying the alkaloid concentration by the dry weight of the plant to determine the amount of alkaloids in the stalk. Alkaloid pools in the stalks increased for the first three weeks, leveled off, and then declined to low levels as the plants began to senesce. Concentrations of alkaloids declined through the season, as the alkaloids were diluted in the increasing biomass as the plants grew. These patterns will be used to predict potential toxicity of larkspur populations. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Gardner AU - Pfister, JA AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 1595 EP - 1608 VL - 26 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - USA, Utah KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Alkaloids KW - Delphinium barbeyi KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17557712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=A+functional+explanation+for+patterns+of+norditerpenoid+alkaloid+levels+in+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+barbeyi%29&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BGardner%3BPfister%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005530627792 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphinium barbeyi; Alkaloids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005530627792 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Infection Processes and Resulting Disease Caused by Dendryphion penicillatum and Pleospora papaveracea on Papaver somniferum AN - 17554556; 4738170 AB - Two pathogenic fungi of opium poppy, Pleospora papaveracea and Dendryphion penicillatum, were isolated from field material in Beltsville, MD. The processes of infection by these two fungi were studied to determine the optimal environmental conditions for infection. Both fungi formed appressoria capable of penetrating directly through the plant epidermal layer. Of the two fungi, P. papaveracea was more aggressive, causing more rapid necrosis. Appressorial formation by P. papaveracea occurred as early as 4 h after application of a conidial suspension to poppy leaves. P. papaveracea formed more appressoria than did D. penicillatum, especially at cool temperatures (7 to 13 degree C). In greenhouse studies, P. papaveracea caused more damage to opium poppy than did D. penicillatum when applied in 10% unrefined corn oil. In the field, P. papaveracea was more consistent in its effects on opium poppy from a local seed source designated Indian Grocery. P. papaveracea caused higher disease ratings, more stem lesions, and equal or greater yield losses than did D. penicillatum on Indian Grocery. The late-maturing opium poppy variety White Cloud was severely damaged by disease, regardless of formulation or fungal treatment. P. papaveracea was the predominant fungus isolated from poppy seed capsules and the only fungus reisolated from the field the following year. These studies provide a better understanding of the infection process and the differences between these two pathogenic fungi and will be beneficial for the development of the fungi as biological control agents. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bailey, BA AU - Apel-Birkhold, P C AU - O'Neill, N R AU - Plaskowitz, J AU - Alavi, S AU - Jennings, J C AU - Anderson, J D AD - Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory; Weed Science Laboratory, ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, bbailey@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 699 EP - 709 VL - 90 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - USA, Maryland KW - USA, Maryland, Beltsville KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Dendryphion penicillatum KW - Plant diseases KW - Papaver somniferum KW - Pleospora papaveracea KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17554556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Infection+Processes+and+Resulting+Disease+Caused+by+Dendryphion+penicillatum+and+Pleospora+papaveracea+on+Papaver+somniferum&rft.au=Bailey%2C+BA%3BApel-Birkhold%2C+P+C%3BO%27Neill%2C+N+R%3BPlaskowitz%2C+J%3BAlavi%2C+S%3BJennings%2C+J+C%3BAnderson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendryphion penicillatum; Pleospora papaveracea; Papaver somniferum; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dendryphion penicillatum and Pleospora papaveracea, Destructive Seedborne Pathogens and Potential Mycoherbicides for Papaver somniferum AN - 17554288; 4738169 AB - Dendryphion penicillatum and Pleospora papaveracea were isolated from blighted Papaver somniferum and Papaver bracteatum plants grown in growth chambers and the field in Beltsville, MD. The etiology of the diseases was determined, and the fungi are being investigated as potential mycoherbicides to control the narcotic opium poppy plant. P. papaveracea is known to be a highly destructive seedborne pathogen of Papaver somniferum, causing seedling blight, leaf blight, crown rot, and capsule rot. Single conidia and ascospores were isolated and cultures established from naturally infested seed and diseased foliage and pods of opium poppy from Iran, Colombia, Venezuela, Sweden, India, and the United States (Maryland and Washington). Mycelia and conidia of P. papaveracea and D. penicillatum produced on necrotic leaf tissues appear morphologically similar, and the fungi were previously considered to be anamorph and teleomorph. However, no anamorph/teleomorph connection could be established, and the fungi appear to be distinct taxa. P. papaveracea produced conidia, mature pseudothecia, and chlamydospores in vitro and on infected stems. D. penicillatum produced conidia, microsclerotia, and macronematous conidiophores. Although both fungi were pathogenic to three poppy cultivars, conidial inoculum from P. papaveracea cultures was more virulent than conidial inoculum from D. penicillatum. Eight-week-old plants became necrotic and died 8 days after inoculation with a conidial suspension of P. papaveracea at 2 x 10 super(5) spores per ml. Disease severity was significantly enhanced by inoculum formulations that contained corn oil, by higher conidial inoculum concentrations, and by increased wetness periods. Symptoms on plants inoculated with either pathogen included leaf and stem necrosis, stem girdling, stunting, necrotic leaf spots, and foliar and pod blight. Inoculated seedlings exhibited wire stem, damping-off, and root rot. Conidia, and less frequently pseudothecia, of P. papaveracea and conidia of D. penicillatum were produced abundantly on inoculated, necrotic foliage, pods, and seedlings. Cultures from conidia or ascospores reisolated from these tissues consistently produced fungi whose morphologies were typical of the fungus from which the inoculum was derived. JF - Phytopathology AU - O'Neill, N R AU - Jennings, J C AU - Bailey, BA AU - Farr, D F AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Research Laboratory; USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, noneill@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 691 EP - 698 VL - 90 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - USA, Maryland, Beltsville KW - mycoherbicides KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Dendryphion penicillatum KW - Plant diseases KW - Herbicides KW - Papaver somniferum KW - Pathogens KW - Pleospora papaveracea KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17554288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Dendryphion+penicillatum+and+Pleospora+papaveracea%2C+Destructive+Seedborne+Pathogens+and+Potential+Mycoherbicides+for+Papaver+somniferum&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+N+R%3BJennings%2C+J+C%3BBailey%2C+BA%3BFarr%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendryphion penicillatum; Pleospora papaveracea; Papaver somniferum; Herbicides; Plant diseases; Biological control; Pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual variation in acorn production by five species of southern Appalachian oaks AN - 17550889; 4735436 AB - Acorns are an important wildlife food resource and seed source for oak regeneration. Most acorn production studies note wide and consistent differences in acorn productivity among individuals, but none clearly demonstrate determinants of productivity. Acorn production by black, northern red, scarlet, chestnut and white oak was measured from 1993 to 1997 in the southern Appalachians was measured and compared among species and individuals. To standardize comparisons among different sized trees and simplify for use by forest managers, the number of acorns per tree were converted to the number/m super(2) BA (basal area). On average, white oak produced the most acorns and chestnut oak the fewest. Northern red and white oak produced higher green weight and dry biomass than the other three species. There was a significant positive relationship between tree basal area and the number of acorns produced per crown for all species (r super(2) between 0.10 and 0.27). However, this is because larger trees have greater crown areas for producing acorns, and not because they produce more acorns per unit area of crown. Alone, BA was significantly, positively correlated with the number of acorns/m super(2) BA only in black, northern red (p < 0.06) and white oak (not in scarlet or chestnut oak) but explained little of the variation in acorn production among individuals. Trees less than or equal to 25 cm DBH of most species produced significantly fewer acorns/m super(2) BA than their larger counterparts. However, many small (<23 cm DBH) scarlet oaks originating from a 1967 clear-cut were prolific producers, whereas white oaks (<25 cm DBH) in the same stand were not. Frequency of acorn production ranged from never to yearly among individuals. Good producers (trees producing greater than or equal to 5-year species mean) composed 20% (chestnut oak) to 46% (northern red oak) of sample populations but contributed disproportionately to the acorn crop in moderate and good crop years. Good producers produced acorns more frequently and had more acorns/m super(2) BA on fruiting trees than did poor producers. However, in any given year good and poor producers were similarly represented in the fruiting population. Hence, good producers could not be easily identified by the presence of acorns during poor crop years, nor could poor producers be identified by an absence of acorns in good crop years. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Greenberg, CH AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest, 1577 Brevard Road, NC 28806 Asheville USA Y1 - 2000/07/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 01 SP - 199 EP - 210 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 132 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Oaks KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Seed set KW - Quercus KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17550889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Individual+variation+in+acorn+production+by+five+species+of+southern+Appalachian+oaks&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900226-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Seed set DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00226-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial Learning and Memory Deficits Induced by Exposure to Iron-56-Particle Radiation AN - 17529081; 5973557 AB - It has previously been shown that exposing rats to particles of high energy and charge (HZE) disrupts the functioning of the dopaminergic system and behaviors mediated by this system, such as motor performance and an amphetamine-induced conditioned taste aversion; these adverse behavioral and neuronal effects are similar to those seen in aged animals. Because cognition declines with age, spatial learning and memory were assessed in the Morris water maze 1 month after whole-body irradiation with 1.5 Gy of 1 GeV/nucleon high-energy 56Fe particles, to test the cognitive behavioral consequences of radiation exposure. Irradiated rats demonstrated cognitive impairment compared to the control group as seen in their increased latencies to find the hidden platform, particularly on the reversal day when the platform was moved to the opposite quadrant. Also, the irradiated group used nonspatial strategies during the probe trials (swim with no platform), i.e. less time spent in the platform quadrant, fewer crossings of and less time spent in the previous platform location, and longer latencies to the previous platform location. These findings are similar to those seen in aged rats, suggesting that an increased release of reactive oxygen species may be responsible for the induction of radiation- and age-related cognitive deficits. If these decrements in behavior also occur in humans, they may impair the ability of astronauts to perform critical tasks during long-term space travel beyond the magnetosphere. JF - Radiation Research AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - Casadesus, G AU - McEwen, J J AU - Rabin, B M AU - Joseph, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 28 EP - 33 PB - Radiation Research Society VL - 154 IS - 1 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - astronauts KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Age KW - Space flight KW - Motor task performance KW - Cognition KW - spatial memory KW - Memory KW - Dopamine KW - Behavior KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Radiation KW - Cognitive ability KW - Taste aversion KW - Spatial discrimination learning KW - Iron KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17529081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Research&rft.atitle=Spatial+Learning+and+Memory+Deficits+Induced+by+Exposure+to+Iron-56-Particle+Radiation&rft.au=Shukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BCasadesus%2C+G%3BMcEwen%2C+J+J%3BRabin%2C+B+M%3BJoseph%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Shukitt-Hale&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+Research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0033-7587%282000%291542.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0033-7587&volume=154&page=28 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Space flight; Cognitive ability; spatial memory; Radiation; Motor task performance; Taste aversion; Dopamine; Cognition; Reactive oxygen species; Iron; Memory; Behavior; Spatial discrimination learning; Age DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0033-7587(2000)154<0028:SLAMDI>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Salmonella serotypes from selected carcasses and raw ground products sampled prior to implementation of the Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Final Rule in the US AN - 17552098; 4737815 AB - In July 1996, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), published the Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems final rule to improve food safety of meat and poultry products. The final rule established, among other requirements, pathogen reduction performance standards for Salmonella for food animal carcasses and raw ground products. The final rule is to be fully implemented in three stages in successively smaller federally inspected meat and poultry slaughter and processing establishments. Implementation began in January 1998 and was completed in January 2000. Samples of carcasses of four species of food animals (cattle, swine, chickens, turkeys), and raw ground product from each of these species, were collected by FSIS from establishments prior to implementation of the final rule and cultured for Salmonella. This paper reports Salmonella serotype results of samples collected from June 1997 through August 1998. These results represent a baseline for future comparisons. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Schlosser, W AU - Hogue, A AU - Ebel, E AU - Rose, B AU - Umholtz, R AU - Ferris, K AU - James, W AD - Crystal Park Plaza, Suite 3000, 2700 South Earl Rudder Freeway, College Station, TX 77845, USA, wayne.schlosser@dchqexs1.hqnet.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/06/30/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 30 SP - 107 EP - 111 VL - 58 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - isolates KW - USA KW - hazard analysis critical control point KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Carcasses KW - Serotypes KW - Government policy KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17552098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Salmonella+serotypes+from+selected+carcasses+and+raw+ground+products+sampled+prior+to+implementation+of+the+Pathogen+Reduction%3B+Hazard+Analysis+and+Critical+Control+Point+Final+Rule+in+the+US&rft.au=Schlosser%2C+W%3BHogue%2C+A%3BEbel%2C+E%3BRose%2C+B%3BUmholtz%2C+R%3BFerris%2C+K%3BJames%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schlosser&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-06-30&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1605%2800%2900293-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Meat; Serotypes; Government policy; Carcasses DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00293-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid and specific identification of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene by polymerase chain reaction AN - 17652781; 4721616 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed for the specific detection of genes coding for type II polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases. The primer-pair, I-179L and I-179R, was based on the highly conserved sequences found in the coding regions of Pseudomonas phaC1 and phaC2 genes. Purified genomic DNA or lysate of colony suspension can serve equally well as the target sample for the PCR, thus affording a simple and rapid screening of phaC1/C2-containing microorganisms. Positive samples yield a specific 540-bp PCR product representing partial coding sequences of the phaC1/C2 genes. Using the PCR method, P. corrugata 388 was identified for the first time as a medium-chain-length (mcl)-PHA producer. Electron microscopic study and PHA isolation confirmed the production of mcl-PHA in P. corrugata 388. The mcl-PHA of this organism has a higher molecular weight than that of similar polymers produced by other pseudomonads. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Solaiman, D K AU - Ashby, R D AU - Foglia, T A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dsolaiman@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/06/13/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 13 SP - 690 EP - 694 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 53 IS - 6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - pha gene KW - pha genes KW - polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Screening KW - Detection KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Pseudomonas KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17652781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Rapid+and+specific+identification+of+medium-chain-length+polyhydroxyalkanoate+synthase+gene+by+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+D+K%3BAshby%2C+R+D%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-06-13&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=690&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; Polymerase chain reaction; Detection; Screening ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of a tomato polygalacturonase gene abundantly expressed in the upper third of pistils from opened and unopened flowers AN - 17602099; 4722296 AB - A polygalacturonase (PG) gene, TPG7 (Lyces; Pga1; 8), has been cloned from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Rutgers). RNA blot analysis reveals that TPG7 is highly expressed in pistils (ovary removed) from unopened and fully open flowers. Dissection of mature pistils demonstrated that TPG7 expression is limited to the top third (stigmatic region) of the pistils. This is contrasted with another tomato PG, TAPG4, which is also expressed in the same region of the pistil but only in mature pistils from fully open flowers. Hybridization of the TPG7 probe to anther RNA was nil to none and was barely detectable in RNA from leaf and flower abscission zones. The TPG7 polypeptide shares 39% sequence identity with the tomato fruit PG and between 63% and 73% sequence identities with six other tomato PGs. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Hong, S B AU - Tucker, M L AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Research Lab, USDA/ARS, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, mtucker@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/06/13/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 13 SP - 680 EP - 683 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 19 IS - 7 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - tomato KW - TPG7 gene KW - polygalacturonase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Flowers KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17602099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+a+tomato+polygalacturonase+gene+abundantly+expressed+in+the+upper+third+of+pistils+from+opened+and+unopened+flowers&rft.au=Hong%2C+S+B%3BTucker%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Hong&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-06-13&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=680&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Flowers; Nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of energy intake in relation to metabolic state and nutritional status AN - 754895841; 13522216 AB - Inadequate energy intake can be an important contributor to weight loss in older individuals. This review highlights recent studies on possible causes of negative energy balance in older individuals. Studies of the regulation of food intake suggest that aging is associated with a significant impairment in the regulation of food intake that inhibits appropriate short-term and long-term compensation for imposed alterations in energy intake. The combination of a reduced ability to regulate energy intake, decreased sensory-specific satiety, and disadvantageous social factors such as functional limitations, social isolation and depression, increases the risk of negative energy balance leading to weight loss in older individuals. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION: (2000) 54, Suppl 3, S64-S69 JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition AU - Roberts, S B AD - The Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - S64 EP - S69 PB - Nature Publishing Group VL - 54 IS - S3 SN - 0954-3007, 0954-3007 KW - Risk Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754895841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+energy+intake+in+relation+to+metabolic+state+and+nutritional+status&rft.au=Roberts%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=S3&rft.spage=S64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.issn=09543007&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1601027 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601027 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generation of aflR disruption mutants of Aspergillus parasiticus. AN - 71264291; 10919326 AB - The aflR gene of Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus encodes a binuclear zinc-finger, DNA-binding protein, AflR, responsible for activating the transcription of all known aflatoxin biosynthetic genes including itself. Studies to determine how environmental and nutritional factors affect aflR expression and hence aflatoxin production in A. parasiticus have been difficult to perform due to the lack of aflR "knockout" mutants. Transformation of an O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST)-accumulating strain of A. parasiticus with an aflR-niaD gene disruption vector resulted in clones harboring a recombinationally inactivated aflR gene which no longer produced OMST or aflR transcript. By transformation of this aflR disruptant strain with constructs containing mutated versions of the aflR promoter, we identified three cis-acting sites that were necessary for aflR function: an AflR-binding site, a PacC-binding site, and a G + A-rich site near the transcription start site of aflR. JF - Applied microbiology and biotechnology AU - Cary, J W AU - Ehrlich, K C AU - Wright, M AU - Chang, P K AU - Bhatnagar, D AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. jcary@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 680 EP - 684 VL - 53 IS - 6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Sterigmatocystin KW - 10048-13-2 KW - O-methylsterigmatocystin KW - 17878-69-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Zinc Fingers -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Sterigmatocystin -- biosynthesis KW - Sterigmatocystin -- analogs & derivatives KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71264291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Generation+of+aflR+disruption+mutants+of+Aspergillus+parasiticus.&rft.au=Cary%2C+J+W%3BEhrlich%2C+K+C%3BWright%2C+M%3BChang%2C+P+K%3BBhatnagar%2C+D&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=680&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae) from a pyrethroid susceptible colony for general and permethrin esterase activities. AN - 71260540; 10902350 AB - In this study we describe a nonradioactive single-fly microassay for permethrin hydrolysis. We used this assay with a microplate assay for general esterase activity to evaluate the permethrin hydrolyzing and general esterase activities of aging pyrethroid-susceptible male and female horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.). We found substantial gender- and age-related differences regarding general esterase activity, permethrin sensitivity, and permethrin hydrolyzing activity within the colony. Extracts of female flies collected 48 h after receiving their first blood meal yielded significantly greater esterase activity than male extracts. Aging female flies were more tolerant of permethrin than were male flies. In addition, a positive correlation was found to exist between the general esterase activity of aging females and their ability to hydrolyze permethrin. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Pruett, J H AU - Oehler, D D AU - Kammlah, D M AU - Guerrero, F D AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 920 EP - 924 VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Naphthols KW - Pyrethrins KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - alpha-naphthyl acetate KW - 830-81-9 KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Naphthols -- metabolism KW - Hydrolysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Pyrethrins -- metabolism KW - Muscidae -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71260540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+horn+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+from+a+pyrethroid+susceptible+colony+for+general+and+permethrin+esterase+activities.&rft.au=Pruett%2C+J+H%3BOehler%2C+D+D%3BKammlah%2C+D+M%3BGuerrero%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Pruett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particle films for suppression of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple and pear orchards. AN - 71257346; 10902324 AB - Studies were conducted in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the effects of three particle film formulations consisting of kaolin and adjuvants on neonate larvae, ovipositing adult females, and eggs of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Neonate larval walking speed, fruit discovery rate, and fruit penetration rate on apple host plants coated with particle films were significantly lower than on host plants without particle films in laboratory assays. Females oviposited less on host plants covered with a particle film residue than on untreated plants in laboratory choice and no-choice tests. Hatch rate of codling moth neonate larvae was unaffected by particle films sprayed on host plants either before or after oviposition. Fruit infestation rates were significantly reduced on particle film-treated trees compared with untreated trees for both first- and second-generation codling moth in field trials in both apple and pear orchards. Particle films appear to be a promising supplemental control approach for codling moth in orchards where moth density is high, and may represent a stand-alone method where moth densities are lower. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Unruh, T R AU - Knight, A L AU - Upton, J AU - Glenn, D M AU - Puterka, G J AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA 98951, USA. Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 737 EP - 743 VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Kaolin KW - 24H4NWX5CO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Rosales KW - Female KW - Moths -- physiology KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71257346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Particle+films+for+suppression+of+the+codling+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+in+apple+and+pear+orchards.&rft.au=Unruh%2C+T+R%3BKnight%2C+A+L%3BUpton%2C+J%3BGlenn%2C+D+M%3BPuterka%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Unruh&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large-scale, on-site confirmatory, and varietal testing of a methyl bromide quarantine treatment to control codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in nectarines exported to Japan. AN - 71251151; 10902367 AB - In total, 30,491 codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), 1-d-old eggs on May Grand nectarines in two large-scale tests, and 17,410 eggs on Royal Giant nectarines in four on-site confirmatory tests were controlled with 100% mortality after fumigation with a methyl bromide quarantine treatment (48 g3 for 2 h at > or = 21 degrees C and 50% volume chamber load) on fruit in shipping containers for export to Japan. Ranges (mean +/- SEM) were for percentage sorption 34.7 +/- 6.2 to 46.5 +/- 2.5, and for concentration multiplied by time products 54.3 +/- 0.9 to 74.5 +/- 0.6 g.h/m3 in all tests. In large-scale tests with May Grand nectarines, inorganic bromide residues 48 h after fumigation ranged from 6.8 +/- 0.7 to 6.9 +/- 0.5 ppm, which were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency tolerance of 20 ppm; and, organic bromide residues were < 0.01 ppm after 1 d and < 0.001 ppm after 3 d in storage at 0-1 degree C. After completion of larger-scale and on-site confirmatory test requirements, fumigation of 10 nectarine cultivars in shipping containers for export to Japan was approved in 1995. Comparison of LD50s developed for methyl bromide on 1-d-old codling moth eggs on May Grand and Summer Grand nectarines in 1997 versus those developed for nine cultivars in the previous 11 yr showed no significant differences in codling moth response among the cultivars. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Yokoyama, V Y AU - Miller, G T AU - Hartsell, P L AU - Leesch, J G AD - Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fresno, CA 93727, USA. Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 1025 EP - 1030 VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Commerce KW - Japan KW - Citrus KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71251151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Large-scale%2C+on-site+confirmatory%2C+and+varietal+testing+of+a+methyl+bromide+quarantine+treatment+to+control+codling+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+in+nectarines+exported+to+Japan.&rft.au=Yokoyama%2C+V+Y%3BMiller%2C+G+T%3BHartsell%2C+P+L%3BLeesch%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Yokoyama&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1025&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hot water treatment and insecticidal coatings for disinfesting limes of mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). AN - 71250753; 10902365 AB - Hot water immersion and insecticidal coatings were tested to determine if they could be used to disinfest Persian limes, Citrus latifolia Tanaka, of the mealybug pests Planococcus citri Risso and Pseudococcus odermatti Miller & Williams. A 20-min 49 degrees C hot water immersion treatment is effective in killing mealybugs and all other arthropods tested found externally on limes, or under the calyx. No insects or mites were found to survive after the 20-min hot water treatment. In this test, 7,200 limes were treated with 1,308 insects killed and zero survivors. Treatment at 49 degrees C for 20 min did not significantly affect quality when treated fruit were compared with untreated control fruit. Four coatings were tested at a 3% rate: two petroleum-based oils (Ampol and Sunspray oil), a vegetable oil (natural oil), and a soap (Mpede). The coatings gave up to 94% kill (Ampol) of mealybugs, which is not sufficient to provide quarantine security. The coatings might be effective as a postharvest dip before shipment. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Gould, W P AU - McGuire, R G AD - Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, Miami, FL, USA. Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 1017 EP - 1020 VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Plant Oils KW - Soaps KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Heating KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Fruit KW - Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71250753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Hot+water+treatment+and+insecticidal+coatings+for+disinfesting+limes+of+mealybugs+%28Homoptera%3A+Pseudococcidae%29.&rft.au=Gould%2C+W+P%3BMcGuire%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1017&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of whole-body rotenone residues in the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis). AN - 71221236; 10888529 AB - The brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) is an introduced pest in Guam, responsible for extensive agricultural damage, the extinction of several bird species, and severe and frequent electrical power outages. Rotenone, a naturally occurring pesticide, has been investigated as a possible chemical control agent. An analytical method was developed to assess whole body rotenone residues ranging in concentration from 0.035 to 250 microg g(-)(1) in snakes. The method employed ethyl acetate extraction of 2 g samples of cryogenically frozen, pulverized snakes, followed by silica and Florisil solid-phase extraction cleanup. Extract analysis was performed using a high-performance liquid chromatography system employing a cyanopropyl analytical column. Tissues fortified to concentrations of 0.035, 4.82, and 250 microg g(-)(1) yielded analyte recoveries of 85.1, 85.6, and 83.5%, respectively. The linear response of rotenone standard solutions was assessed from 0. 025 to 0.25 microg mL(-)(1) (r(2) = 0.9968) and from 0.250 to 125 microg mL(-)(1) (r(2) = 0.9999). The method was simple, rugged, and reliable. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Mauldin, R E AU - Furcolow, C A AU - Johnston, J J AU - Kimball, B A AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA. richard.e.mauldin@usda.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 2240 EP - 2243 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Rotenone KW - 03L9OT429T KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Guam KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Chromatography -- methods KW - Rotenone -- analogs & derivatives KW - Snakes KW - Rotenone -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71221236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Determination+of+whole-body+rotenone+residues+in+the+brown+tree+snake+%28Boiga+irregularis%29.&rft.au=Mauldin%2C+R+E%3BFurcolow%2C+C+A%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BKimball%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Mauldin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-28 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The "fatal four" indoor air pollutants. AN - 71206281; 10868430 JF - Pediatric annals AU - Etzel, R A AD - Division of Epidemiology and Risk Assessment, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC 20016, USA. Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 344 EP - 350 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0090-4481, 0090-4481 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Mercury Poisoning -- etiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Mercury -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Mycotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Child KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Child, Preschool KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Housing KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71206281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+annals&rft.atitle=The+%22fatal+four%22+indoor+air+pollutants.&rft.au=Etzel%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Etzel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatric+annals&rft.issn=00904481&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The application of multidimensional NMR to the study of soil humic substances AN - 51942614; 2003-068842 JF - Soil Science AU - Kingery, W L AU - Simpson, A J AU - Hayes, M H B AU - Locke, M A AU - Hicks, R P Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 483 EP - 494 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 165 IS - 6 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - soils KW - processes KW - organic compounds KW - experimental studies KW - nuclear magnetic resonance KW - spectroscopy KW - geochemistry KW - humic soils KW - two-dimensional models KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51942614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=The+application+of+multidimensional+NMR+to+the+study+of+soil+humic+substances&rft.au=Kingery%2C+W+L%3BSimpson%2C+A+J%3BHayes%2C+M+H+B%3BLocke%2C+M+A%3BHicks%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Kingery&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - experimental studies; geochemistry; humic soils; nuclear magnetic resonance; organic compounds; processes; soils; spectroscopy; two-dimensional models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DEM aggregation for watershed modeling AN - 27498098; 2001-35-000156 (CE); 0491240 (EN) AB - The widely available USGS 7.5-minute Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has a cell size of approximately 30 m x 30 m. This high resolution topographic information is impractical for many applications of distributed hydrologic and water quality models. In this study, cells were aggregated into coarse-resolution areal units, termed grids, and a method to approximate flow direction for coarse-resolution grids from 30 m DEM cells was developed. The method considers the flow path defined from the fine-resolution DEM in determining a grid's flow direction and makes flow directions for grids closely follow the flow pattern suggested by the DEM. The aggregation method was applied to a DEM of Goodwater Creek, a nearly flat watershed that is located in central Missouri. The drainage networks derived for different levels of cell aggregations showed that grid aggregates of the Goodwater Creek watershed provided an adequate representation of the landscape topography. JF - J Am Water Res Assoc AU - Wang, Menghua AU - Hjelmfelt, Allen T AU - Garbrecht, Jurgen AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO, USA PY - 2000 SP - 579 EP - 584 PB - AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, 4 West Federal St, P O Box 1626, Middleburg, VA, 20118-1626, USA, [mailto:info@awra.org], [URL:http://www.awra.org] VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Agglomeration KW - Watersheds KW - Mathematical models KW - Coarsening KW - Water quality KW - Topography KW - Approximation KW - Networks KW - Landscapes KW - Aggregates KW - Resolution KW - Drainage KW - Article KW - EE 442:Flood Control KW - EE 631.1:Fluid Flow (General) KW - EE 445.2:Water Analysis KW - EE 444.1:Surface Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27498098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Am+Water+Res+Assoc&rft.atitle=DEM+aggregation+for+watershed+modeling&rft.au=Wang%2C+Menghua%3BHjelmfelt%2C+Allen+T%3BGarbrecht%2C+Jurgen&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Menghua&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J+Am+Water+Res+Assoc&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing Oak and Pine Stands on Outwash Sands: Protecting Plant Nutrients AN - 20450284; 7890937 AB - In New England, red oak and white pine forests growing on sandy outwash sites are susceptible to nutrient losses due to inherently low nutrient capitals and/or nutrient depletion by past activities such as farming, fire, and intensive harvesting. Key nutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) are removed with biomass during harvesting operations, and are lost to increased leaching and erosion during and immediately after logging. In these forests, the highest base saturation or concentration of plant-available Ca, Mg, and K(63 to 92%) is found in the 0 horizon. As a result, special precautions are needed during harvest to prevent damage and nutrient depletion of the upper soil horizons. To mitigate nutrient losses we recommend using low-impact logging techniques, winter harvesting, and managing for white pine on these sites. JF - Northern Journal of Applied Forestry AU - Hallett, R A AU - Hornbeck, J W AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Durham, NH 03824 Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 57 EP - 61 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0742-6348, 0742-6348 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Leaching KW - Calcium KW - winter KW - USA, New England KW - Sand KW - harvesting KW - nutrient loss KW - logging KW - Soil erosion KW - Forestry KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20450284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.atitle=Managing+Oak+and+Pine+Stands+on+Outwash+Sands%3A+Protecting+Plant+Nutrients&rft.au=Hallett%2C+R+A%3BHornbeck%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Hallett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.issn=07426348&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; winter; Calcium; Leaching; Sand; harvesting; nutrient loss; logging; Soil erosion; Forestry; USA, New England ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolating metal-tolerant bacteria capable of removing copper, chromium, and arsenic from treated wood AN - 19812416; 5353426 AB - Bioremediation of chromated copper arsenate-treated waste wood with one or more metal-tolerant bacteria is a potential method of naturally releasing metals from treated wood fibre. Sampling eight environments with elevated levels of copper, chromium, and arsenic resulted in the isolation of 28 bacteria with the capability of releasing one or more of the components from chromated copper arsenate-treated wood. The isolates represent 13 species of 8 different genera of soil-inhabiting bacteria. Three isolates, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus FN02, Aureobacterium esteroaromaticum VV03, and Klebsiella oxytoca CC08, were able to release 98% of the chromium, which is the most difficult component of chromated copper arsenate to remove from treated wood. Bacillus licheniformis CC01 released the highest percentage of copper, 93%, from treated wood. Eleven isolates, including Bacillus licheniformis CC01 and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus FN 02, released 44% to 48% of the arsenic. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Clausen, CA AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, USA, 53705-2398, clausen@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 264 EP - 268 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - chromated copper arsenate KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacteria KW - Aureobacterium KW - Arsenic KW - Bioremediation KW - Chromium KW - Heavy metals KW - Wood KW - Copper KW - Waste management KW - Aureobacterium esteroaromaticum KW - Wood wastes KW - Bacillus licheniformis KW - Acinetobacter calcoaceticus KW - Klebsiella oxytoca KW - Sampling KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19812416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.atitle=Isolating+metal-tolerant+bacteria+capable+of+removing+copper%2C+chromium%2C+and+arsenic+from+treated+wood&rft.au=Clausen%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Bioremediation; Chromium; Heavy metals; Wood; Sampling; Copper; Bacteria; Wood wastes; Waste management; Aureobacterium esteroaromaticum; Aureobacterium; Bacillus licheniformis; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; Klebsiella oxytoca ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ESTABLISHMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN OSTRINIA NUBILALIS CELL LINE, AND ITS RESPONSE TO ECDYSONE AGONISTS AN - 19338005; 8696040 JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - TRISYONO, ANDI AU - Goodman, Cynthia L AU - Grasela, James J AU - McIntosh, Arthur H AU - CHIPPENDALE, GMICHAEL AD - Department of Entomology (A. T., G. M. C.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, and USDA, Agricultural Research Service (C. L. G., J. J. G., A. H. M.), Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory (BCIRL), Columbia, Missouri 65203, chippendaleg@missouri.edu Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 400 EP - 404 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - polymerase chain-reaction KW - cell replication KW - Pyralidae KW - EC50 KW - 20-hydroxyecdysone KW - methoxyfenozide KW - tebufenozide KW - Ecdysone KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - Z 05330:Reproduction and Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19338005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=ESTABLISHMENT+AND+CHARACTERIZATION+OF+AN+OSTRINIA+NUBILALIS+CELL+LINE%2C+AND+ITS+RESPONSE+TO+ECDYSONE+AGONISTS&rft.au=TRISYONO%2C+ANDI%3BGoodman%2C+Cynthia+L%3BGrasela%2C+James+J%3BMcIntosh%2C+Arthur+H%3BCHIPPENDALE%2C+GMICHAEL&rft.aulast=TRISYONO&rft.aufirst=ANDI&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1071-2690%282000%290362.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecdysone; Ostrinia nubilalis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036<0400:EACOAO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Waldo Lake History: Prehistoric Period to Present AN - 18014597; 4752890 AB - Waldo Lake and vicinity remained essentially an uncharted wilderness until the second half of the Nineteenth Century. The area was largely devoid of its aboriginal inhabitants when Judge John Breckenridge Waldo and his companions spent their summers recreating in the Cascades between 1880 and 1907. These Cascade Mountain respites ultimately led Waldo to call for the area's preservation. But Waldo Lake succumbed to another force in the history of the West, the reclamation movement. In 1905, promoters field for water rights on Waldo for use as a natural reservoir. The first phase that began in 1905 was a failed attempt to develop the lake as a reservoir for power generation, ending in the mid-1930s as markets declined for hydroelectric power and irrigation water. Federal reclamation projects soon took up the slack, beginning in 1939 with a proposal to divert Waldo Lake out of the Willamette drainage entirely to the Upper Deschutes Project via canals and tunnels through the crest of the Oregon Cascades. Next, the Columbia River project of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers proposed during the 1940s and 50s depicted Waldo Lake as a vital component of the Upper Willamette system of reclamation installations. By the mid-1950s the twin movements of recreation and wilderness preservation took root and renewed Judge Waldo's call for the protection of and recreation in such places as Waldo Lake. Initially, recreation development held sway, culminating in developed campground facilities in the 1960s. By 1984, the area surrounding Waldo Lake was officially designated as wilderness. JF - Lake and Reservoir Management AU - Claeyssens, P G AD - USDA Forest Service, Central Oregon Heritage Group, Deschutes National Forest, 1645 Hwy. 20 E, Bend, OR 97701, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 25 EP - 39 VL - 16 IS - 1-2 SN - 0743-8141, 0743-8141 KW - USA, Oregon, Waldo L. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Oregon, Cascade Mts. KW - Historical account KW - Water Rights KW - Oligotrophic lakes KW - Water reclamation KW - Environmental Quality KW - Water resources KW - Lake Morphology KW - Lake morphology KW - Water Resources Development KW - Mountains KW - Lakes KW - History KW - Water rights KW - Geology KW - USA, Oregon, Columbia R. KW - Land reclamation KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q2 09107:History and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18014597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=Waldo+Lake+History%3A+Prehistoric+Period+to+Present&rft.au=Claeyssens%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Claeyssens&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Historical account; Oligotrophic lakes; Water reclamation; Water rights; Water resources; Lake morphology; Land reclamation; Mountains; Water Rights; Lakes; History; Environmental Quality; Geology; Lake Morphology; Water Resources Development; USA, Oregon, Cascade Mts.; USA, Oregon, Columbia R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in beef as affected by fat content AN - 17830901; 4864777 AB - The heat resistance of an eight-strain cocktail of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 was determined at 58-65 degree C in beef containing 7, 12, 18 or 24% fat. Inoculated beef was packaged in bags completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at 58, 60, 62.5 and 65 degree C for a predetermined length of time. The surviving cell population was enumerated by spiral plating heat-treated samples onto tryptic soy agar supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract and 1% sodium pyruvate. Preliminary studies on thermal inactivation of the Salmonellae isolates in chicken broth indicated no correlation between heat resistance and origin of the isolates. While linear survival curves were observed in chicken broth, inactivation kinetics in beef showed deviations from the first order kinetics, represented by an initial lag period or shoulder before any death occurred with time. Overall, increased fat levels in beef resulted in longer lag periods and lower D-values, suggesting that the lag periods must be taken into account and added to the D-values for calculating the time required at a specific temperature for achieving a specific lethality for Salm. typhimurium DT104 in beef. Thermal death times from this study will assist the retail food industry to design cooking regimes that ensure safety of beef contaminated with Salm. typhimurium DT104. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Juneja, V AU - Eblen, B AD - US Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 461 EP - 467 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - enumeration KW - fats KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Kinetics KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Packaging KW - Heat inactivation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17830901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Heat+inactivation+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+DT104+in+beef+as+affected+by+fat+content&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V%3BEblen%2C+B&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Heat inactivation; Meat; Packaging; Kinetics; Food-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An observation of cooperative breeding in the Ovenbird AN - 17812870; 4847540 AB - During June and July, 1999, we observed two male Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) caring for recently fledged Ovenbird chicks from the same nest in what we believe was the outcome of a polyandrous relationship. If so, the circumstances surrounding this observation are similar to the only other published account of polyandry in this species. We suggest that the reason for the adoption of this behavior may be related to a shortage of females. If this is the case, then polyandry may be more widespread in Ovenbirds than previously thought because we regularly observed unmated male Ovenbirds on our study plots, indicating that the conditions favoring polyandry (limited access to females) occur relatively frequently. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - King, DI AU - Champlin, T B AU - Champlin, P J AD - USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, seiurus@yahoo.com Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 287 EP - 288 VL - 112 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Males KW - Ovenbird KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Polyandry KW - Cooperation KW - Seiurus aurocapillus KW - Communal breeding KW - Parental behavior KW - Y 25446:Birds KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17812870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=An+observation+of+cooperative+breeding+in+the+Ovenbird&rft.au=King%2C+DI%3BChamplin%2C+T+B%3BChamplin%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=DI&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seiurus aurocapillus; Cooperation; Polyandry; Parental behavior; Communal breeding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of soil conditions on the degradation of cloransulam-methyl AN - 17759966; 4820750 AB - Herbicide efficacy and environmental fate are often controlled by soil conditions. Aerobic soil laboratory studies were undertaken to determine the degradation of the herbicide cloransulam-methyl [N- (2-carbomethoxy-6-chloro-phenyl)-5-ethoxy-7-fluoro [1,2,4]triazolo [1,5-c]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide] for a range of soil factors. Treatments included soil temperature (5, 15, 25, 40, and 50 degree C), moisture (20, 40, and 60% water filled pore space), and soil type. The soils under study were a Drummer silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls) and a Cisne silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Albaqualfs). Variability in molecular degradation was investigated using two radiolabeled forms ([Phenyl-UL- super(14)C] and [Pyrimidine-7,9- super(14)C]). Dissipation of parent compound in soil solution and sorbed phases, formation of radiolabeled metabolites, super(14)C mineralization, total microbial respiration, and bound residue formation were measured for up to 120 d. Dissipation of parent and formation of bound residues in Drummer soil increased with greater temperatures. The influence of temperature on super(14)C mineralization, however, was dependent on position of radiolabel, suggesting that distinct groups of microorganisms degrade different parts of the molecule at higher temperatures. Only super(14)C mineralization was influenced by moisture, with response depending on soil type. Increasing moisture resulted in more super(14)C mineralization in Drummer, but not Cisne soil, which was attributed to increased microbial access to pesticide at greater moisture contents in Drummer soil. Reduced availability, suggested by greater sorption in Drummer soil, may explain persistence of parent in this soil. Bound residues were more extensive and exhibited greater dependence on biological activity in Cisne soil, owing to enhanced dissipation of parent compound in this soil. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Cupples, A M AU - Sims, G K AU - Hultgren, R P AU - Hart, SE AD - USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, gk-sims@uiuc.edu Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 786 EP - 794 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - cloransulam-methyl KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Pesticide residues KW - Temperature KW - Herbicides KW - Mineralization KW - Soil KW - Carbon KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17759966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effect+of+soil+conditions+on+the+degradation+of+cloransulam-methyl&rft.au=Cupples%2C+A+M%3BSims%2C+G+K%3BHultgren%2C+R+P%3BHart%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Cupples&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=786&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Herbicides; Biodegradation; Mineralization; Carbon; Temperature; Pesticide residues ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthetic pheromones disrupt male Dioryctria spp. moths in a loblolly pine seed orchard AN - 17733138; 4804403 AB - Synthetic sex pheromones released in a loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae), seed orchard interfered with the ability of male coneworm moths, Dioryctria Zeller spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to locate traps baited with sex pheromones or live females. Pherocon 1C super( registered ) traps baited with synthetic pheromones or live conspecific females were hung near the center of two 1.2-ha circular plots during emergence of Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), Dioryctria disclusa (Heinrich), and Dioryctria merkeli (Mutuura and Munroe). In a paired design, trap catches for the mating-disruption treatment with synthetic pheromone dispensers consisting of three polyvinyl chloride rods placed in every tree were compared with the control treatment. Treatments were alternated at intervals of 2-3 d. Trap catches of D. amatella were reduced by 91% when plots were treated with 2.5 g/ha of Z-11-hexadencenyl acetate. Catches were reduced by 99.5% for D. disclusa and by 97% for D. merkeli when plots were treated with 12.5 g/ha of Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate, whereas catches of D. amatella were unaffected by this mating-disruption treatment. Daily disappearance of Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate from the dispensers averaged 0.46 g/ha or less. Manually placing dispensers on nylon lines in the tops of trees was an effective method for releasing synthetic Dioryctria pheromones in the orchard. These data suggest it may be feasible to prevent mating of Dioryctria spp. in pine seed orchards by using synthetic pheromones for mating disruption, but large-scale tests will be required to demonstrate cone protection. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - DeBarr, G L AU - Hanula, J L AU - Niwa, C G AU - Nord, J C AD - Southern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, Georgia, USA 30602-2044, jhanula@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 345 EP - 351 VL - 132 IS - 3 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Loblolly pine KW - males KW - Lepidoptera KW - Pyralid moths KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Dioryctria disclusa KW - Pyralidae KW - Seeds KW - Sex pheromone KW - Control programs KW - Pinus taeda KW - Orchards KW - Dioryctria amatella KW - Mating disruption KW - Dioryctria merkeli KW - Dioryctria KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17733138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Synthetic+pheromones+disrupt+male+Dioryctria+spp.+moths+in+a+loblolly+pine+seed+orchard&rft.au=DeBarr%2C+G+L%3BHanula%2C+J+L%3BNiwa%2C+C+G%3BNord%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=DeBarr&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; Dioryctria; Dioryctria merkeli; Dioryctria disclusa; Dioryctria amatella; Pyralidae; Sex pheromone; Mating disruption; Control programs; Seeds; Orchards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and Diet of Fish in Waldo Lake, Oregon AN - 17671905; 4752901 AB - Waldo Lake, located in the Oregon Cascades, is considered to be one of the most dilute lakes in the world. Even with low nutrient concentrations and sparse populations of zooplankton, introduced fish in the lake are large in size and in good condition when compared to fish from other lakes. This apparent anomaly is due to the availability of benthic macroinvertebrates. Taxa found in the stomach contents of fish captured in Waldo Lake consist primarily of Chironomidae larvae and pupae, Trichoptera larvae and pupae, amphipods, Ephemeroptera larvae, and Odonata larvae. JF - Lake and Reservoir Management AU - Swanson, N L AU - Liss, W J AU - Ziller, J S AU - Wade, M G AU - Gresswell, R E AD - USFS, Willamette National Forest, Middle Fork Ranger District, 46375 Highway 58, Westfir, OR 97492, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 133 EP - 143 VL - 16 IS - 1-2 SN - 0743-8141, 0743-8141 KW - Insects KW - USA, Oregon, Waldo L. KW - diet KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Fish Food Organisms KW - Aquatic Insects KW - Prey selection KW - Nutrients KW - Food availability KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Freshwater KW - Lake Fisheries KW - Pisces KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Insect larvae KW - Fish KW - Fish Populations KW - Food preferences KW - Food webs KW - Insecta KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17671905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=Growth+and+Diet+of+Fish+in+Waldo+Lake%2C+Oregon&rft.au=Swanson%2C+N+L%3BLiss%2C+W+J%3BZiller%2C+J+S%3BWade%2C+M+G%3BGresswell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding behaviour; Insect larvae; Prey selection; Food availability; Food preferences; Food webs; Diets; Fish Food Organisms; Aquatic Insects; Nutrients; Fish; Macroinvertebrates; Fish Populations; Lake Fisheries; Pisces; Insecta; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simplified protocol for micropropagation of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) AN - 17664722; 4747244 AB - A simple, efficient protocol for in vitro micropropagation of guayule is reported. Shoot cultures were maintained on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l super(-1) (4.4 mu M) 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.025 mg l super(-1) (0.13 mu M) alpha -naphthaleneacetic acid. Excised shoots were treated for 14-18 h with 100 mg l super(-1) (492.1 mu M) indole-3-butyric acid in 0.5 x MS salts to induce rooting. The shoots were subsequently inserted into cellulose plugs which were packed in sterile, ventilated plastic culture vessels and moistened with 0.5 x MS medium without growth regulators. Use of cellulose plugs, liquid medium and ventilated culture vessels facilitated acclimation. Rooted shoots were transplanted into potting medium and acclimated to greenhouse conditions by covering with a cloche for 2 d, followed by daily watering for the first week. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Castillon, J AU - Cornish, K AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710, USA, kcornish@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 215 EP - 219 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - Murashige and Skoog medium KW - 1-naphthyleneacetic acid KW - indole-3-butyric acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Shoots KW - Growth regulators KW - Parthenium argentatum KW - Media (culture) KW - Propagation KW - Greenhouses KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17664722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=A+simplified+protocol+for+micropropagation+of+guayule+%28Parthenium+argentatum+Gray%29&rft.au=Castillon%2C+J%3BCornish%2C+K&rft.aulast=Castillon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parthenium argentatum; Shoots; Propagation; Growth regulators; Greenhouses; Media (culture) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transforming embryogenic cell lines of Gladiolus with either a bar-uidA fusion gene or cobombardment AN - 17664631; 4747238 AB - Embryogenic cell lines of Gladiolus were bombarded with the bar-uidA fusion gene under the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter (pDM327) or cobombarded with uidA under the CaMV 35S promoter (pBCG) and bar under the CaMV 35S promoter (pDM307). Over 500 cell lines were isolated for either the fusion gene or cobombarded cells following selection on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 2 mg l super(-1) (9 mu M) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6 mg l super(-1) phosphinothricin. The optimum DNA concentration for isolating stable transformants was one-tenth that for optimal isolation of lines with gus expression, and three times as many cell lines were isolated following cobombardment as compared to bombardment with the bar-uidA fusion gene. Three times as many cell lines (72% of the cell lines) containing the bar-uidA fusion gene expressed gus as compared to cobombarded cell lines (23%) following histological staining. Gus expression ceased after 1 yr in culture for 5% of the cell lines containing the fusion gene and 3% of the cobombarded cell lines. The bifunctionality and utility of the bar-uidA fusion gene were demonstrated, accompanied by enhanced gus expression. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Kamo, K AU - McElroy, D AU - Chamberlain, D AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, B-010A Room 238 BARC West, USDA National Arboretum, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA, kkamo@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 182 EP - 187 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - promoters KW - 2,4-D KW - bar gene KW - uidA gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Embryogenesis KW - Gladiolus KW - Gene fusion KW - Cauliflower mosaic virus KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17664631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Transforming+embryogenic+cell+lines+of+Gladiolus+with+either+a+bar-uidA+fusion+gene+or+cobombardment&rft.au=Kamo%2C+K%3BMcElroy%2C+D%3BChamberlain%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kamo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gladiolus; Cauliflower mosaic virus; Embryogenesis; Gene fusion; Transformation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrolytic action of alpha -amylase on high-amylose starch of low molecular mass AN - 17664161; 4731604 AB - High-amylose starches of low average degree of polymerization (dp 61-71), formed as fine granules by interaction of Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase with alpha -cyclodextrin (CD) at 2-70 degree C, are highly insoluble in water and not gelatinizable under normal cooking conditions (100 degree C). Samples of CD-derived starches, both cooked and uncooked, were subjected to hydrolysis in vitro by human salivary alpha -amylase at 37 degree C under conditions chosen to resemble those in the human intestinal lumen. Released low-molecular-mass saccharides were determined quantitatively by HPLC and the results compared with those from similar studies with natural starches. Among uncooked starches, CD-derived starch showed very low reactivity towards alpha -amylase, along with potato starch and a high-amylose hybrid corn starch (64% amylose). Cooking greatly enhanced reactivity of natural starches, but only moderately increased reactivity of CD-derived starches. Susceptibility to hydrolysis of cooked starches increased in the following general order: CD-derived starch ( approximately 100% amylose) < 100% corn amylose (isolated by the butan-1-ol method) < hybrid high-amylose corn starch (64-66% amylose) < waxy maize starch (99-100% amylopectin) similar to ordinary corn starch ( approximately 25% amylose) < potato starch ( approximately 25% amylose). JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Rendleman, JA Jr AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 171 EP - 178 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - man KW - amylose KW - starch KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Bacillus macerans KW - Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase KW - Intestine KW - Saliva KW - Hydrolysis KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17664161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Hydrolytic+action+of+alpha+-amylase+on+high-amylose+starch+of+low+molecular+mass&rft.au=Rendleman%2C+JA+Jr&rft.aulast=Rendleman&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus macerans; Hydrolysis; Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase; Saliva; Intestine; High-performance liquid chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immobilization of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase in a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix: effectiveness as a biocatalyst AN - 17663621; 4731605 AB - A novel procedure is described for immobilizing a lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia (PS-30) within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix. The method is based on cross-linking a phyllosilicate clay with silicate polymers produced by the controlled hydrolysis of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS). The activity of the phyllosilicate sol-gel-immobilized lipase was dependent upon the type of alkylammonium salt, inorganic catalyst and volume ratio of phyllosilicate clay to TMOS used. Lipase PS-30 immobilized in this way was more stable and had higher activity compared with the free lipase. Studies on the lipase-catalysed esterification of lauric acid with octan-1-ol in iso-octane showed that under controlled water activity conditions the phyllosilicate sol-gel-immobilized lipase had better activity compared with other supported lipase preparations. In addition, the phyllosilicate sol-gel-immobilized lipase was reusable for at least five esterification cycles without significant loss of activity. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Hsu, An-Fei AU - Foglia, T A AU - Shen, Siyan AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 179 EP - 183 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - iso-octane KW - lauric acid KW - octan-1-ol KW - sol-gel KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Esterification KW - Immobilized enzymes KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17663621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Immobilization+of+Pseudomonas+cepacia+lipase+in+a+phyllosilicate+sol-gel+matrix%3A+effectiveness+as+a+biocatalyst&rft.au=Hsu%2C+An-Fei%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BShen%2C+Siyan&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=An-Fei&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triacylglycerol lipase; Immobilized enzymes; Esterification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moderating Night Radiative Cooling Reduces Frost Damage to Metrosideros polymorpha Seedlings Used for Forest Restoration in Hawaii AN - 17661967; 5308742 AB - Winter frosts caused by radiative cooling were hypothesized to limit successful reintroduction of Hawaiian plants other than Acacia koa to alien-dominated grasslands above 1700 m elevation. We determined, in the laboratory, the temperature at which irreversible tissue damage occurred to Metrosideros polymorpha leaves. We also conducted a field study of this species to determine if (1) leaf damage was correlated with sub-zero leaf temperatures, (2) radiative cooling could be moderated by canopies of A. koa, and (3) low soil temperatures contributed to seedling damage. The last was evaluated by thermally buffering seedlings with water-filled bladders placed at their base to keep roots warm, or by installing a radiation shield to reduce early morning transpiration when water uptake from cold soils would be least. Leaf temperatures were monitored between midnight and 7:00 a.m. using fine-wire thermocouples, and leaf damage was recorded monthly. In the laboratory, supercooling protected leaves from mild sub-zero temperatures; irreversible tissue damage occurred at about -8 degree C. In the field, leaf damage was strongly correlated with degree-hours below freezing. Unprotected seedlings suffered the greatest leaf damage. Those sheltered under A. koa trees rarely experienced temperatures below -3 degree C, and damage was minimal. Shaded and thermally buffered seedlings suffered less damage than unprotected plants, probably due to elevated leaf temperatures rather than improved water relations. Using A. koa or artificial devices to reduce radiative cooling during winter nights should enhance establishment of M. polymorpha in high-elevation rangeland. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Scowcroft, P G AU - Meinzer, F C AU - Goldstein, G AU - Melcher, P J AU - Jeffrey, J AD - Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry , Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1151 Punchbowl St., Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, U.S.A. Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 161 EP - 169 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17661967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Moderating+Night+Radiative+Cooling+Reduces+Frost+Damage+to+Metrosideros+polymorpha+Seedlings+Used+for+Forest+Restoration+in+Hawaii&rft.au=Scowcroft%2C+P+G%3BMeinzer%2C+F+C%3BGoldstein%2C+G%3BMelcher%2C+P+J%3BJeffrey%2C+J&rft.aulast=Scowcroft&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1526-100X.2000.80023.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2000.80023.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf nitrogen concentration of wheat subjected to elevated [CO sub(2)] and either water or N deficits AN - 17660824; 4726236 AB - Leaf N concentration is important because it is associated with the CO sub(2) assimilatory capacity of crops, and in grasslands, it is an important determinant of forage nutritive value. Consequently, the productivity of both domestic and native animals in future global environments may be closely linked to possible changes in leaf N concentration of grasses. Since grasslands are frequently subjected to water-deficit or N-deficit conditions, it is important to investigate the interactive responses between elevated [CO sub(2)] and these stress conditions. Therefore, this 4-year research program was undertaken with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a model system for forage grasses, to document the potential changes in leaf N concentration in response to global environment changes. Wheat crops grown under field conditions near Phoenix, AZ, USA, were subjected to elevated [CO sub(2)] and either water-deficit or N-deficit treatments using large Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) arrays. Surprisingly, the elevated [CO sub(2)] treatment under optimum conditions resulted in little change in leaf N concentration. Therefore, no change in the nutritive value of forage from highly managed pastures would be expected. Further, water-deficit treatment had little influence on leaf N concentration. To some extent, the lack of response to the water-deficit treatment resulted because severe deficits did not develop until late in the growing seasons. Only on one date late in the season was the water-deficit treatment found to result in decreased leaf N concentration. The low N treatment in combination with elevated [CO sub(2)], however, had a large influence on leaf N concentration. Low levels of applied N resulted in decreased leaf N concentration under both [CO sub(2)] treatments, but the lowest levels of leaf N concentration were obtained under elevated [CO sub(2)] through much of the growing season. These results point to a potential problem with grasslands in that the nutritive value of the forage consumed by animals will be decreased under future global environment changes. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Sinclair, T R AU - Pinter, PJ Jr AU - Kimball, BA AU - Adamsen, F J AU - LaMorte, R L AU - Wall, G W AU - Hunsaker, D J AU - Adam, N AU - Brooks, T J AU - Garcia, R L AU - Thompson, T AU - Leavitt, S AU - Matthias, A AD - USDA-ARS, Agronomy Physiology & Genetics Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 0965, USA, trsincl@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 53 EP - 60 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Nutrient content KW - Grasslands KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Crops KW - Nitrogen KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17660824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Leaf+nitrogen+concentration+of+wheat+subjected+to+elevated+%5BCO+sub%282%29%5D+and+either+water+or+N+deficits&rft.au=Sinclair%2C+T+R%3BPinter%2C+PJ+Jr%3BKimball%2C+BA%3BAdamsen%2C+F+J%3BLaMorte%2C+R+L%3BWall%2C+G+W%3BHunsaker%2C+D+J%3BAdam%2C+N%3BBrooks%2C+T+J%3BGarcia%2C+R+L%3BThompson%2C+T%3BLeavitt%2C+S%3BMatthias%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grasslands; Crops; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen; Nutrient content ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexually competent, sucrose- and nitrate-assimilating strains of Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) from South American soils AN - 17622627; 4767220 AB - Three new strains of Trichoderma reesei, the anamorph of Hypocrea jecorina, are reported from soil in French Guiana and Brazil. Identification of the strains as T. reesei/H. jecorina was confirmed by analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 of the nuclear rDNA cluster and by their ability to produce the teleomorph when mated with the appropriate strains. Hypocrea jecorina is considered to reproduce primarily sexually, as opposed to other Hypocrea and Trichoderma species where asexual reproduction predominates. Like the original isolate of T. reesei, QM 6a, all three new isolates exhibited cellulolytic activities. In contrast to QM 6a, however, they grew on sucrose as sole carbon source and on nitrate as sole nitrogen source, thus indicating that these substrate utilization criteria are not taxonomically reliable in Hypocrea (Trichoderma). The nonutilization of sucrose and nitrate in QM 6a is due to a lack of the uptake system for sucrose and of nitrite reductase activity, respectively, in that culture. Comparison of QM 6a and the three new isolates revealed that all H. jecorina isolates produce intracellular but not extracellular invertase. The potential for using these strains in the improvement of the commercially exploited strain of T. reesei, QM 6a, is discussed. JF - Mycologia AU - Lieckfeldt, E AU - Kullnig, C AU - Samuels, G J AU - Kubicek, C P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, gary@nt.ars-grin.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 374 EP - 380 VL - 92 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Brazil KW - French Guiana KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Nitrate KW - Sucrose KW - Trichoderma reesei KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17622627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Sexually+competent%2C+sucrose-+and+nitrate-assimilating+strains+of+Hypocrea+jecorina+%28Trichoderma+reesei%29+from+South+American+soils&rft.au=Lieckfeldt%2C+E%3BKullnig%2C+C%3BSamuels%2C+G+J%3BKubicek%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Lieckfeldt&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichoderma reesei; Sucrose; Nitrate; Soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetative associations of wood warblers migrating along the middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico AN - 17606751; 4752873 AB - We examined abundance and richness of wood warblers among vegetation types at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge and the Rio Grande Nature Center in the Middle Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico. Rarefaction analysis indicated that there were marginally significant differences in species richness between sites. In spring, wood-warbler richness was greater at the Bosque del Apache than at the Nature Center. This pattern reflected the greater likelihood of catching uncommon migrants at the Bosque del Apache than at the Nature Center. The same seven species were most common at both sites although their order of abundance differed between sites. Capture rates of these species were greater at the Nature Center than at the Bosque del Apache in the fall, but not during the spring. In general, variation in capture rates among vegetation types was greater in the Bosque del Apache than in the Nature Center. In particular, the capture rates in willow were greater than in other vegetative types. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Kelly, J F AU - Finch, D M AU - Yong, W AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 159 EP - 168 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Parulidae KW - Vegetation type KW - Population dynamics KW - Migration KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17606751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Vegetative+associations+of+wood+warblers+migrating+along+the+middle+Rio+Grande+Valley%2C+New+Mexico&rft.au=Kelly%2C+J+F%3BFinch%2C+D+M%3BYong%2C+W&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parulidae; Vegetation type; Population dynamics; Migration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory Toxicity of Three Mosquito Oviposition Repellents to Six Nontarget Aquatic Invertebrates AN - 17599483; 4732905 AB - Toxicity of three mosquito oviposition repellents, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (AI3-22542 or deet), AI3-35765, and AI3-37220 to 6 aquatic nontarget invertebrates, was evaluated in the laboratory. The 24-h LC sub(50) values for Cypricercus sp. (Ostracoda), Moina sp. (Cladocera), Eucyclops agilis Koch (Copepoda), Strelkovimermis spiculatus Poinar & Camino (Nematoda), first-and fourth-instar Toxorhynchites amboinensis Doleschall larvae (Diptera), and fourth-instar Chironomus decorus Johannsen larvae (Diptera) ranged from 0.012 to 0.127% or 120 to 1,270 ppm. Cypricercus sp., Moina sp., E. agilis, first-instar Tx. amboinensis and fourth-instar C. decorus were generally more sensitive to the test repellents than male and female S. spiculatus and fourth-instar Tx. amboinensis. Male S. spiculatus was more sensitive to the repellents than its female and this was probably because of the smaller body size of the male. All invertebrates were generally more sensitive to AI3-37220 than to deet and AI3-35765. The experimental repellents were considered safe to the aquatic nontarget organisms when employed as oviposition repellents for Aedes albopicus (Skuse) mosquitoes. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Xue, R-D AU - Barnard AU - Ali, A AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 437 EP - 441 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - DEET KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - larvae KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Entomology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Crustacea KW - Disease control KW - Pollution effects KW - Culicidae KW - Freshwater KW - Insecticides KW - Repellents KW - Aedes albopicus KW - Nontarget organisms KW - Toxicity testing KW - Oviposition KW - Toxicology KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17599483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Laboratory+Toxicity+of+Three+Mosquito+Oviposition+Repellents+to+Six+Nontarget+Aquatic+Invertebrates&rft.au=Xue%2C+R-D%3BBarnard%3BAli%2C+A&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=R-D&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecticides; Repellents; Disease control; Pollution effects; Toxicology; Nontarget organisms; Oviposition; Toxicity testing; Crustacea; Aedes albopicus; Culicidae; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation in the American West: Area, Water and Economic Activity AN - 17599065; 4718357 AB - This article examines irrigation in the American West based on consistent Federal data sources. Irrigation is discussed using three measures: irrigated area, water use in irrigation, and the sales value of crops produced. We find that irrigation accounts for about three-quarters of the value of crops sold from about one-quarter of the harvested cropland in the West. In accomplishing the higher sales, irrigated agriculture accounts for three-quarters of the water withdrawn and most of the water use in the West. JF - International Journal of Water Resources Development AU - Gollehon, N AU - Quinby, W AD - Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service, USDA, 1800 M St., NW, Room 4047, Washington DC 20036-5831, USA, gollehon@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 187 EP - 195 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0790-0627, 0790-0627 KW - USA KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Land KW - Water conservation KW - Irrigation KW - Water Conservation KW - Water Resources Management KW - Water Use KW - Water use KW - Water management KW - Irrigation (see also Land treatment) KW - Cultivated Lands KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17599065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Water+Resources+Development&rft.atitle=Irrigation+in+the+American+West%3A+Area%2C+Water+and+Economic+Activity&rft.au=Gollehon%2C+N%3BQuinby%2C+W&rft.aulast=Gollehon&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Water+Resources+Development&rft.issn=07900627&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F07900620050003107 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water and agriculture in the American West. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Irrigation; Cultivated Lands; Water Conservation; Water Use; Water Resources Management; USA; Irrigation (see also Land treatment); Land; Water conservation; Water use; Water management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900620050003107 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic and Conservation Tradeoffs of Regulatory vs. Incentive-based Water Policy in the Pacific Northwest AN - 17597022; 4718360 AB - In this paper, onfarm water conservation and agricultural economic tradeoffs between selected regulatory and conservation-incentive water-policy choices are evaluated for the Pacific Northwest. Five broad water-policy perspectives are analysed using a total of 37 alternative policy scenarios. Policy analyses use a primal/dual-based, multi-product, normalized restricted-equilibrium model of Pacific Northwest field-crop agriculture. Results demonstrate that conservation-incentive water policy, when integrated within balanced policy reform, can produce upwards of 1.7 million acre-feet of onfarm conserved water for the region, while also significantly increasing economic returns to farmers. Producer willingness to accept water-policy change is lowest for regulatory policy (US$4-$18 per acre-foot of conserved water), but highest for conservation-incentive policy that increases both irrigation efficiency and crop productivity ($67-$208 per acre-foot of conserved water). Conservation-incentive water policy also enhances decision-maker flexibility in meeting multiple regional policy goals (i.e. water for endangered aquatic species, water quality, Native American treaty obligations, and sustainable rural agricultural economies). JF - International Journal of Water Resources Development AU - Schaible, G D AD - Resource Economics Division, Rm. 4068, Economic Research Service, USDA, 1800 M. Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-5831, USA, Schaible@ERS.USDA.Gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 221 EP - 238 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0790-0627, 0790-0627 KW - Pacific Northwest KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Irrigation water KW - Agriculture KW - Rights KW - Water Rights KW - Water conservation KW - Economic Aspects KW - Water Conservation KW - Freshwater KW - Water quality KW - Treaties KW - Water use KW - Water Policy KW - Economics KW - Economic analysis KW - Irrigation Water KW - Water policy KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09424:Applied economics KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17597022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Water+Resources+Development&rft.atitle=Economic+and+Conservation+Tradeoffs+of+Regulatory+vs.+Incentive-based+Water+Policy+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Schaible%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Schaible&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Water+Resources+Development&rft.issn=07900627&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F07900620050003134 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water and agriculture in the American West. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Water use; Water conservation; Economic analysis; Water quality; Water policy; Irrigation water; Rights; Economics; Water Rights; Water Policy; Irrigation Water; Water Conservation; Economic Aspects; Treaties; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900620050003134 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous estimation of soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters from transient infiltration experiments AN - 17596707; 4718388 AB - Estimation of soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters is important to provide input parameters for numerical models simulating transient water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone. The Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm in combination with the HYDRUS-1D numerical code was used to inversely estimate unsaturated soil-hydraulic and solute transport parameters from transient matric pressure head, apparent electrical conductivity, and effluent flux measurements. A 30 cm long soil column with an internal diameter of 5 cm was used for infiltration experiments in a coarse-textured soil. Infiltration experiments were carried out with both increasing and decreasing solute concentrations following a sudden increase in the infiltration rate. Matric pressure heads and solute concentrations were measured using automated mini-tensiometers and four-electrode sensors, respectively. The simultaneous estimation results were compared with independently measured soil water retention, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and solute dispersion data obtained from steady-state water flow experiments. The optimized values corresponded well with those measured independently within the range of experimental data. The information contained in the apparent electrical conductivity (which integrates information about both water flow and solute transport) proved to be very useful for the simultaneous estimation of soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters. JF - Advances in Water Resources AU - Inoue, M AU - Simunek, J AU - Shiozawa, S AU - Hopmans, J W AD - US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA, jsi-munek@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 677 EP - 688 VL - 23 IS - 7 SN - 0309-1708, 0309-1708 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hydraulics KW - Sensors KW - Solutes KW - Soil (Characteristics of) KW - Solute Transport KW - Electrodes KW - Infiltration KW - Soil Properties KW - Vadose Water KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17596707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+estimation+of+soil+hydraulic+and+solute+transport+parameters+from+transient+infiltration+experiments&rft.au=Inoue%2C+M%3BSimunek%2C+J%3BShiozawa%2C+S%3BHopmans%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Inoue&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.issn=03091708&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0309-1708%2800%2900011-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil Properties; Hydraulic Properties; Infiltration; Solute Transport; Vadose Water; Sensors; Electrodes; Soil (Characteristics of); Hydraulics; Solutes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(00)00011-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement in Activity of Homologous and Heterologous Baculoviruses Infectious to Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by an Optical Brightener AN - 17565479; 4741562 AB - The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner) (SeMNPV), was the most active virus tested against the beet armyworm (LC sub(50) = 4.1 PIBs/mm super(2)), followed by nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV; LC sub(50) = 92.6 PIBs/mm super(2)), and the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV; LC sub(50) = 195.7 PIBs/mm super(2)). In the case of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Huebner), LC sub(50)s could only be obtained for five/six replicates, whereas LC sub(50)s could only be obtained for two/six replicates for the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (GmMNPV). When an optical brightener Tinopal LPW was added to virus suspensions, LC sub(50) values were reduced by 130-fold for both SeMNPV and AcMNPV and by 300-fold for AfMNPV. The addition of Tinopal LPW greatly increased the activities of HaMNPV and GmMNPV. In terms of speed of kill, Tinopal LPW reduced the LT sub(50)s for all nuclear polyhedrosis viruses by 30-40%. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 572 EP - 576 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0022-0493&volume=93&page=572] VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Beet armyworm KW - Cutworms KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Celery looper KW - optical brighteners KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Helicoverpa armigera KW - Anagrapha falcifera KW - Autographa californica KW - Pest control KW - Pathogens KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - Galleria mellonella KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17565479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+in+Activity+of+Homologous+and+Heterologous+Baculoviruses+Infectious+to+Beet+Armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+by+an+Optical+Brightener&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=572&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282000%29093%280572%3AEIAOHA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera exigua; Noctuidae; Autographa californica; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Anagrapha falcifera; Helicoverpa armigera; Galleria mellonella; Pest control; Biological control; Pathogens DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2000)093(0572:EIAOHA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foraging Resources of Adult Mexican Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Bell County, Texas AN - 17564349; 4741570 AB - Pollen analyses were used to determine pollen foraging resources of adult Mexican corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera zeae Krysan & Smith, captured near Temple, Bell County, TX, in 1996 and 1997. In 1996, adult Mexican corn rootworms were captured in a corn, Zea mays L., field. In 1997, nine locations outside of cornfields were added. Overall, 92% of the beetles (n = 1,323) contained pollen. More than 142,000 pollen grains were counted, representing 45 families, 63 genera, and 27 species. Overall, in 1996, noncorn grass pollen (70%) occurred in the greatest percentage of total pollen followed by corn (17%), then nongrass pollen (13%). In 1997, noncorn grass pollen (76%) had the greatest percentage, then nongrass (18%), and finally corn pollen (6%). Corn pollen was found in 34% of the beetles in 1996 and 26% in 1997. Fifteen Asteraceae taxa were encountered including sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Thirteen Fabaceae were found including soybean, Glycine max L. Mexican corn rootworm adults foraged mainly on noncorn grass pollen, but also foraged on pollen from a large diversity of plant species, indicating that noncorn pollen may play a role in the food habits of Mexican corn rootworm adults. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Jones, G D AU - Coppedge, J R AD - Areawide Pest Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 636 EP - 643 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0022-0493&volume=93&page=636] VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - maize KW - Leaf beetles KW - USA, Texas KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Foraging behavior KW - Food availability KW - Zea mays KW - Diabrotica virgifera KW - Chrysomelidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17564349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Foraging+Resources+of+Adult+Mexican+Corn+Rootworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+in+Bell+County%2C+Texas&rft.au=Jones%2C+G+D%3BCoppedge%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282000%29093%280636%3AFROAMC%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica virgifera; Zea mays; Chrysomelidae; Foraging behavior; Food availability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2000)093(0636:FROAMC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Examining Plant-Parasitoid Interactions in Tritrophic Systems AN - 17564195; 4755794 AB - The demonstration that parasitoids are attracted to volatile compounds released by plants in response to herbivore feeding has generated a great deal of interest over the past ten years. The release of volatile signals by plants occurs not only in response to tissue damage but is also specifically initiated by exposure to herbivore salivary secretions. Although some volatile compounds are stored in plant tissues and immediately released when damage occurs, others are induced by herbivore feeding and released not only from damaged tissue but also from undamaged leaves. Thus, damage localized to only a few leaves results in a systemic response and the release of volatiles from the entire plant. New evidence suggests that, in addition to being highly detectable and reliable indicators of herbivore presence, herbivore-induced plant volatiles may convey herbivore-specific information that allows parasitoids to discriminate even closely-related herbivore species at long range. Here we give an overview of the recent developments in the investigation of plant-parasitoid interactions. JF - Anais de Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil AU - De Moraes, CM AU - Lewis, W J AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - CMAVE-USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 189 EP - 203 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0301-8059, 0301-8059 KW - Insects KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Herbivory KW - Tri-trophic interactions KW - Trophic relationships KW - Reviews KW - Plants KW - Parasitoids KW - Insecta KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04615:Ecology studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17564195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anais+de+Sociedade+Entomologica+do+Brasil&rft.atitle=Examining+Plant-Parasitoid+Interactions+in+Tritrophic+Systems&rft.au=De+Moraes%2C+CM%3BLewis%2C+W+J%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=De+Moraes&rft.aufirst=CM&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anais+de+Sociedade+Entomologica+do+Brasil&rft.issn=03018059&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; Plants; Trophic relationships; Parasitoids; Herbivory; Tri-trophic interactions; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichoderma stromaticum sp. nov., a parasite of the cacao witches broom pathogen AN - 17558588; 4742552 AB - A new species, Trichoderma stromaticum, was isolated from 'witches' broom' of cacao (Theobroma cacao) in Brazil caused by Crinipellis perniciosa. The Trichoderma was reported earlier as T. viride and T. polysporum. Trichoderma stromaticum reduced new inoculum through the suppression of basidioma formation. It is characterised by having conidia that slowly become yellow-green in agar culture and by stout, 'Pachybasium-like', phialides formed on the surface of stromatic structures. The closest relations of T. stromaticum are T. harzianum and T. virens. JF - Mycological Research AU - Samuels, G J AU - Pardo-Schultheiss, R A AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Lumsden, R D AU - Bastos, C N AU - Costa, J C AU - Bezerra, J L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Room 304, B-011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, gary@fungi.ars-grin.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 760 EP - 764 VL - 104 IS - 6 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - new species KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Trichoderma polysporum KW - Trichoderma viride KW - Trichoderma stromaticum KW - Crinipellis perniciosa KW - Theobroma cacao KW - Witches' broom KW - Taxonomy KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17558588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Trichoderma+stromaticum+sp.+nov.%2C+a+parasite+of+the+cacao+witches+broom+pathogen&rft.au=Samuels%2C+G+J%3BPardo-Schultheiss%2C+R+A%3BHebbar%2C+K+P%3BLumsden%2C+R+D%3BBastos%2C+C+N%3BCosta%2C+J+C%3BBezerra%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Samuels&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0953756299001938 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichoderma viride; Trichoderma polysporum; Crinipellis perniciosa; Trichoderma stromaticum; Theobroma cacao; Taxonomy; Biological control; Witches' broom DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953756299001938 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Archytas marmoratus (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Superparasitized Corn Earworm Larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 17551547; 4732925 AB - We investigated the survival of Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) from superparasitized Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) larvae. About half of the planidia of A. marmoratus brushed on larvae of the corn earworm, H. zea, became established. Fourth instars were more susceptible to parasitization than other instars, but parasitoid eclosion from superparasitized hosts was greatest in fifth instars. The number of hosts producing A. marmoratus adults declined linearly with the number of maggots per host, with no eclosion of A. marmoratus from hosts with >10 maggots. When third-instar corn earworm were collected from artificially infested, whorl-stage corn after the release of A. marmoratus, 75% of the parasitized larvae were superparasitized. Superparasitism reduced parasitoid eclosion more severely in field plots than in the laboratory. As in laboratory studies, the number of hosts producing A. marmoratus adults declined linearly with an increased number of maggots, but no parasitoid eclosed if hosts had more than four maggots. The number of maggots per corn earworm larva was highly correlated with percentage parasitism. Consequently, the release rate of A. marmoratus might need to be adjusted to host density so that superparasitism does not reduce the survival rate of the parasitoid. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Carpenter, JE AU - Proshold, F I AD - Insect Biology and Population Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 606 EP - 611 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Cutworms KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Superparasitism KW - Survival KW - Archytas marmoratus KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17551547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Archytas+marmoratus+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29+from+Superparasitized+Corn+Earworm+Larvae+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+JE%3BProshold%2C+F+I&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=606&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Archytas marmoratus; Survival; Superparasitism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of silvicultural practices on soil and litter arthropod diversity in a Texas pine plantation AN - 17550151; 4734562 AB - In this study we used the diversity of soil and litter arthropods as a metric for evaluating the ecological effects of silvicultural practices of various intensities in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forest ecosystem. The treatments included low and high intensity harvesting, soil bedding, chemical herbicide application, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Soil and litter cores were used to sample arthropods after harvesting. In the first year following removal of trees, species diversity was higher in hand-fell, bole-only harvested plots than in mechanical, whole-tree harvested plots and higher in non-bedded plots than in bedded plots. However, these differences did not persist into the second year following harvesting. The recovery of undergrowth vegetation in the second year and the development of a rudimentary litter layer may have increased diversity in the more intensively treated plots. Arthropod species richness increased following nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, but Shannon diversity did not. This indicates that the arthropod community had responded to fertilization with a shift in community composition. The rapid recovery of arthropod diversity in the second year following tree removal suggests that the silvicultural treatments used at this site did not put long-term productivity at risk. Comparisons with other similar studies suggest that when aiming for sustainable forest management, the particular silvicultural practices that allow for ecosystem recovery may depend on local and regional conditions. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Bird, S AU - Coulson, R N AU - Crossley, DA AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, P.O. Box 30003, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State University, 88003 Las Cruces, NM USA Y1 - 2000/06/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 01 SP - 65 EP - 80 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 131 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Pine KW - USA, Texas KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Soil fauna KW - Pinus KW - D 04600:Soil KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17550151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+silvicultural+practices+on+soil+and+litter+arthropod+diversity+in+a+Texas+pine+plantation&rft.au=Bird%2C+S%3BCoulson%2C+R+N%3BCrossley%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900201-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus; Forest management; Soil fauna DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00201-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance, Diversity, and Activity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Oak-Dominated Mixed Appalachian Forests Treated with Microbial Pesticides AN - 17549256; 4732922 AB - This study is part of a long-term analysis of nontarget effects of microbial pesticide application in the George Washington (Augusta County, VA, USA) and Monongahela National Forests (Pocahontas County, WV, USA). Ants were collected using pitfall traps to assess the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner variety kurstaki (Foray 48 F) and gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Gypchek) application on ant communities. Ant samples were also compared by sampling years. Pitfall traps were operated for 45 wk during summers of 1995-1997. A total of 31,732 ants was collected from pitfall traps; they belonged to four subfamilies, 17 genera, and 31 species. The ant species richness, diversity, abundance, and species composition did not change as a result of the treatments. Further tests of ant abundance were suggested because the test power was low. Comparisons between sampling years showed a very similar species composition and species evenness. There was a significant decrease in ant abundance in the third year of sampling, which might have been caused by over-trapping. Some rare species did not appear in the second and third year of sampling. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Wang, C AU - Strazanac, J AU - Butler, L AD - Stoneville Research Quarantine Facility, Biological Control and Mass Rearing Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776-225, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 579 EP - 586 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ants KW - USA, Virginia KW - USA, West Virginia KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Abundance KW - Formicidae KW - Pesticide applications KW - Species diversity KW - Nontarget organisms KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17549256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Abundance%2C+Diversity%2C+and+Activity+of+Ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+in+Oak-Dominated+Mixed+Appalachian+Forests+Treated+with+Microbial+Pesticides&rft.au=Wang%2C+C%3BStrazanac%2C+J%3BButler%2C+L&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Formicidae; Abundance; Species diversity; Nontarget organisms; Pesticide applications; Biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and Subgrouping of Cucumber mosaic virus with Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies AN - 17546367; 4729690 AB - Using a mixture of isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) from subgroups I and II as immunogens, 20 mouse hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies were produced. A reliable method for efficient detection and accurate subgrouping of CMV isolates has been developed. Tests with 12 well-characterized strains of CMV and other cucumoviruses demonstrated the presence of epitopes that were virus and subgroup specific. Analyses of 109 accessions of CMV isolates collected from various parts of the world revealed 70% were subgroup I, with 20% identified as subgroup II. Seven isolates (6%) did not react with group-specific antibodies but did react with antibodies that recognized all CMV isolates. Differential reactions among isolates suggested a total of 10 epitopes were recognized. The antigenic diversity among subgroup II CMVs was greater than for the subgroup I isolates, even though fewer subgroup II isolates were tested. JF - Phytopathology AU - Hsu, H T AU - Barzuna, L AU - Hsu, Y H AU - Bliss, W AU - Perry, K L AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, hhsu@asrr.arsusda@gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 615 EP - 620 VL - 90 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Cucumber mosaic virus KW - Typing KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Genetic diversity KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22091:Immunological techniques & reagents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17546367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+Subgrouping+of+Cucumber+mosaic+virus+with+Mouse+Monoclonal+Antibodies&rft.au=Hsu%2C+H+T%3BBarzuna%2C+L%3BHsu%2C+Y+H%3BBliss%2C+W%3BPerry%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cucumber mosaic virus; Genetic diversity; Typing; Monoclonal antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virus resistant potato germplasm AN - 17540967; 4729971 AB - The USDA potato breeding program for the Pacific Northwest has developed a collection of Solanum tuberosum genotypes that have combined resistance to potato viruses X (PVX), Y (PVY), and leafroll (PLRV). Resistance has been derived from S. andigena, S. acaule, S. demissum, and S. stoloniferum. Parental germplasm was obtained from the neotuberosum program, Cornell University, The Max Planck Institute, Germany, via the NRSP-6 Collection, and the former Polish Institute for Potato Research. A new source of PLRV resistance from S. chacoense was recently identified and is being introgressed into cultivated germplasm. Breeding selections A88597-7, A88617-6, and A88625-10 have shown no tuberborne infection with PVX, PVY, or PLRV in six years of continued field testing at Kimberly, ID, and at Prosser, WA, whereas Russet Burbank has averaged 68% PVX, 53% PVY, and 81% PLRV. Breeding to combine resistance to important viruses along with resistance to late blight into commercially accepted cultivars is in progress. JF - Phytopathology AU - Corsini, D L AU - Pavek, J J AU - Brown, C R AD - USDA-ARS, PO Box AA, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 1 VL - 90 IS - 6 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - USA, Northwest KW - disease reistance KW - disease resistance KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Potato virus Y KW - Plant protection KW - Potato virus X KW - Potato leafroll virus KW - Resistance KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - V 22187:Control & treatment KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17540967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Virus+resistant+potato+germplasm&rft.au=Corsini%2C+D+L%3BPavek%2C+J+J%3BBrown%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Corsini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=S118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Potato virus X; Potato virus Y; Potato leafroll virus; Resistance; Plant protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of invasion-conferring genotypes and antibiotic-induced hyperinvasive phenotypes in multiple antibiotic resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 AN - 17533695; 4723669 AB - Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a problem in both industrialized and developing countries. This is especially evident in Salmonella typhimurium, a foodborne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal and systemic disease throughout the world. S. typhimurium DT104 further poses a major health concern due to its apparent enhanced ability to acquire multiple antibiotic resistance genes and its putative hypervirulent phenotype. Recently, we demonstrated that multiresistant S. typhimurium do not appear to be more invasive than non-resistant cohorts. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) flanking and internal sequences in over 400 isolates of multiresistant S. typhimurium. With these same isolates, we also used a tissue culture invasion assay to evaluate a potential relationship between antibiotic exposure and a hyperinvasive phenotype. Our studies revealed that SPI1 flanking sequences are similar in multiresistant and non-resistant S. typhimurium. Furthermore, we failed to identify any isolates that were hyperinvasive in the presence of any of the 14 antibiotics evaluated. These results further indicate that the putative hypervirulence of multiresistant S. typhimurium is not likely to occur at the level of invasion. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Carlson, SA AU - Willson, R M AU - Crane, A J AU - Ferris, KE AD - Preharvest Food Safety and Enteric Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, U.S.A., scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 373 EP - 378 PB - Academic Press VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Virulence KW - Invasiveness KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17533695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+invasion-conferring+genotypes+and+antibiotic-induced+hyperinvasive+phenotypes+in+multiple+antibiotic+resistant+Salmonella+typhimurium+DT104&rft.au=Carlson%2C+SA%3BWillson%2C+R+M%3BCrane%2C+A+J%3BFerris%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fmpat.2000.0355 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Antibiotic resistance; Invasiveness; Virulence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpat.2000.0355 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Xylella fastidiosa in Citrus Rootstocks and Transmission of Citrus Variegated Chlorosis Between Sweet Orange Plants Through Natural Root Grafts AN - 17533059; 4721870 AB - To study translocation of Xylella fastidiosa to citrus rootstocks, budsticks from citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC)-affected cv. Pera sweet orange (Citrus sinenesis (L.) Osb.) were top grafted on 15 citrus rootstocks. Disease symptoms were conspicuous 3 months later on all 15 rootstocks tested. The presence of X. fastidiosa was confirmed by light microscopy, double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and polymerase chain reaction in rootlets and main roots of CVC-symptomatic Pera sweet orange in 11 of the 15 rootstocks tested. These results suggest that bacterial translocation from the aerial plant parts to the root system occurs but is not essential for X. fastidiosa to induce symptoms in the aerial parts. Bacterial translocation to the roots was not correlated with CVC leaf-symptom severity in the Pera scion. To determine if CVC disease could be transmitted by natural root grafts, two matched seedlings of each of four sweet orange cultivars (Pera, Natal, Valencia, and Caipira) were transplanted into single pots. One seedling rootstock of each pair was inoculated by top grafting with a CVC-contaminated budstick while the other seedling rootstock was cut but not graft inoculated. Transmission of X. fastidiosa from an inoculated plant to a noninoculated plant sharing the same pot was observed in all four sweet orange cultivars tested. Transmission was confirmed by observation of natural roots grafts between the two plants, presence of X. fastidiosa in the root grafts, and disease development in the uninoculated plants. This is the first report of transmission of CVC disease through natural root grafts. JF - Plant Disease AU - He, C X AU - Li, W B AU - Ayres, A J AU - Hartung, J S AU - Miranda, V S AU - Teixeira, D C AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA, jhartung@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 622 EP - 626 VL - 84 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - citrus variegated chlorosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Chlorosis KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Citrus sinenesis KW - Disease transmission KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17533059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+Xylella+fastidiosa+in+Citrus+Rootstocks+and+Transmission+of+Citrus+Variegated+Chlorosis+Between+Sweet+Orange+Plants+Through+Natural+Root+Grafts&rft.au=He%2C+C+X%3BLi%2C+W+B%3BAyres%2C+A+J%3BHartung%2C+J+S%3BMiranda%2C+V+S%3BTeixeira%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=622&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylella fastidiosa; Citrus sinenesis; Chlorosis; Plant diseases; Disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pitot-Static Tube System to Measure Discharges from Wells AN - 17530411; 4713260 AB - Pumps are widely used to lift water into canals, and usually spill directly into the canal. Upstream pipe fittings frequently produce a distorted flow profile that is detrimental to the proper installation and operation of common pipe meters. Thus, meter calibration may be necessary when the pipe length upstream of the meter is less than recommended. Meter calibrations under field conditions can be difficult and expensive. A simple pitot tube system that can be clamped to the outlet of the pump discharge pipe was built and tested for measuring and calibrating pump discharges under field conditions. It is used to detect the velocity at several points across the pipe diameter; distorted profiles can be measured. Using this information, the meter technician can determine whether a correction in the meter coefficient will suffice and if flow conditioning equipment is working effectively. The system can be constructed using common shop techniques and standard small pipe fittings. Most previous pitot systems required special ports in the pipe or used special concentric tube constructions that are difficult to build. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Replogle, J AU - Wahlin, B AD - U.S. Water Conservation Lab., ARS-USDA, 4331 East Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 335 EP - 346 VL - 126 IS - 5 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - meters KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pipes KW - Canals KW - Pipes (see also Conduits, Drains, Pipelines, Sewers) KW - Instrumentation KW - Calibrations KW - Measuring Instruments KW - Calibration KW - Pumps KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 6030:Hydraulic machinery KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17530411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Pitot-Static+Tube+System+to+Measure+Discharges+from+Wells&rft.au=Replogle%2C+J%3BWahlin%2C+B&rft.aulast=Replogle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9429%282000%29126%3A5%28335%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Measuring Instruments; Pumps; Canals; Pipes; Calibrations; Instrumentation; Pipes (see also Conduits, Drains, Pipelines, Sewers); Calibration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:5(335) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic Analysis of an Aquaponic System for the Integrated Production of Rainbow Trout and Plants AN - 17500273; 6258683 AB - Conventional treatment alternatives for phosphorus in wastewater, whether they employ chemical precipitation, physical removal, or land application technologies, represent a significant additional cost to the owner of an aquaculture operation. Plant-based removal of nutrients has the potential to generate additional revenues, which can offset treatment costs. The objective of this analysis was to describe the economic relationship between a 22,680 kg per year recirculating rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) production system and a hydroponic treatment unit, growing "Ostinata" lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), capable of reducing phosphorus concentration levels in the fish farm effluent to less than 0.1 mg/L. The integration of the fish and plant production system (aquaponics) produces economic cost savings over either system alone. Shared cost savings come from spreading out operating costs (e.g., management, water, nutrients, and overhead charges) and capital costs (e.g., backup generator, used truck, and office equipment) over two systems. The investment analysis demonstrates the profitability of this combined system over its 20-year expected life. Net present values are positive for a wide range of discount rates. Internal rate of return analysis shows that for a total investment of $244,720 this system can potentially provide a return of 12.5%. The hydroponic system drives the potential profitability of the combined system with 67% of annual returns derived from plant production. JF - International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture AU - Adler, PR AU - Harper, J K AU - Wade, E M AU - Takeda, F AU - Summerfelt, ST AD - USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 VL - 1 KW - Aquaponics KW - Hydroponics KW - Lettuce KW - Rainbow trout KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Plant culture KW - Aquaculture effluents KW - Bioremediation KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Polyculture KW - Recirculating systems KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Freshwater KW - Aquaculture systems KW - Water quality control KW - Aquaculture economics KW - USA KW - Water management KW - Freshwater aquaculture KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - Fish culture KW - Pollution control KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17500273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Recirculating+Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Economic+Analysis+of+an+Aquaponic+System+for+the+Integrated+Production+of+Rainbow+Trout+and+Plants&rft.au=Adler%2C+PR%3BHarper%2C+J+K%3BWade%2C+E+M%3BTakeda%2C+F%3BSummerfelt%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Recirculating+Aquaculture&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant culture; Aquaculture effluents; Bioremediation; Pollution dispersion; Recirculating systems; Polyculture; Aquaculture systems; Aquaculture economics; Water quality control; Water management; Freshwater aquaculture; Fish culture; Aquaculture techniques; Pollution control; Oncorhynchus mykiss; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide application method effects on napropamide complexation with dissolved organic matter AN - 17041715; 4820775 AB - Napropamide [2-( alpha -naphthoxy)-N,N-diethyl propionamide] has been shown to form soluble complexes with dissolved organic matter (DOM). Batch equilibrium and soil column leaching studies were performed to evaluate the effect of a drying event following herbicide application on napropamide- DOM complex formation. Napropamide was applied directly to the soil and allowed to dry and compared with studies where the herbicide was not allowed to dry. In batch studies the presence of napropamide-DOM complexes was inferred from reduced sorption coefficients measured on extracts of treated soils as compared with those from aqueous solutions. In column studies, drying was shown to induce herbicide movement with the wetting front even when preferential flow pathways were eliminated. The formation of napropamide-DOM complexes was verified by dialysis tubing techniques. Increased napropamide movement through soil was the result of stable napropamide-DOM complexes that lacked an adsorption affinity. Although less than 6% of the total herbicide applied moved by facilitated transport, this amount of rapidly mobile pesticide could significantly increase the potential for ground water contamination. Results suggest that preventing the applied herbicide solution from drying before irrigation could reduce or eliminate the threat of facilitated transport of napropamide by DOM. We suggest that a short irrigation period after herbicide application could allow for herbicide movement beyond the soil surface to deter drying while preventing deep movement of pesticide with the water front. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Nelson, S D AU - Letey, J AU - Farmer, W J AU - Williams, C F AU - Ben-Hur, M AD - USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32611, USA, ShadN@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 987 EP - 994 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Napropamide KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Experimental Data KW - Dissolved Solids KW - Leaching KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Drying KW - Herbicides KW - Soil Water KW - Organic Matter KW - Pollutants KW - Comparison Studies KW - Dissolved organic matter KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Pesticides KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Agricultural runoff KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17041715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Herbicide+application+method+effects+on+napropamide+complexation+with+dissolved+organic+matter&rft.au=Nelson%2C+S+D%3BLetey%2C+J%3BFarmer%2C+W+J%3BWilliams%2C+C+F%3BBen-Hur%2C+M&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=987&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leaching; Pollutants; Dissolved organic matter; Pesticides; Drying; Groundwater pollution; Herbicides; Agricultural runoff; Dissolved Solids; Experimental Data; Organic Matter; Comparison Studies; Path of Pollutants; Agricultural Practices; Soil Water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Antimicrobial Agents on Livestock Waste Emissions AN - 1468372424; 18619857 AB - Various antimicrobial agents were evaluated with the purpose of reducing the microbial fermentation in stored cattle waste and the resulting odor emissions. Duplicate sealed 2-L flasks with 500 ml waste slurry, with and without antimicrobial inhibitors, were used to measure the production of short-chain volatile fatty acids, lactate, and total fermentation gas over 27-30 days. A combination of chlorhexidine diacetate (2 mM), iodoacetate (2 mM), and alpha -pinene (3.8 mM) reduced gas production 80% (1000 ml to 200 ml) and total volatile fatty acid production 50% (145 mM to 72 mM). Pinene had little antimicrobial effect; rather, it served as an effective masking agent, giving the waste a less offensive odor. A combination of chlorhexidine diacetate and the deaminase inhibitor, diphenyliodonium chloride (1.3 mM) had a similar effect in reducing short-chain volatile fatty acid production (145 mM to 80 mM). It is concluded that a combination of antimicrobial agents may be useful in controlling odor emissions and conserving organic matter in livestock wastes, therefore providing a potentially more useful byproduct waste when used as plant fertilizer. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Varel, Vincent H AU - Miller, Daniel N AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS Clay Center, NE 68933, USA , US Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 392 EP - 397 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Wastes KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1468372424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Antimicrobial+Agents+on+Livestock+Waste+Emissions&rft.au=Varel%2C+Vincent+H%3BMiller%2C+Daniel+N&rft.aulast=Varel&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=392&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002840010076 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wastes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002840010076 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method for the Simultaneous Extraction and Analysis of Two Current Use Pesticides, Atrazine and Lambda-Cyhalothrin, in Sediment and Aquatic Plants AN - 1439232146; 18619326 AB - Abstract not Available JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Bennett, E R AU - Moore, M T AU - Cooper, C M AU - Smith, S Jr AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Post Office Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, US Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 825 EP - 833 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 64 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Contamination KW - Aquatic Plants KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Toxicology KW - Sediment pollution KW - Aquatic plants KW - Herbicides KW - Sediments KW - Methodology KW - Atrazine KW - Pesticides KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439232146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Method+for+the+Simultaneous+Extraction+and+Analysis+of+Two+Current+Use+Pesticides%2C+Atrazine+and+Lambda-Cyhalothrin%2C+in+Sediment+and+Aquatic+Plants&rft.au=Bennett%2C+E+R%3BMoore%2C+M+T%3BCooper%2C+C+M%3BSmith%2C+S+Jr&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs0012800077 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Pesticides; Aquatic plants; Herbicides; Toxicology; Sediments; Methodology; Atrazine; Agricultural Chemicals; Aquatic Plants; Contamination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0012800077 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgenic expression of a gene encoding a synthetic antimicrobial peptide results in inhibition of fungal growth in vitro and in planta AN - 17728286; 4787076 AB - Transgenic tobacco plants producing the synthetic antimicrobial peptide D4E1, encoded by a gene under the control of an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter, were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Successful transformation was demonstrated by PCR and Southern hybridization analysis of tobacco DNAs. Expression of the synthetic D4E1 gene was shown by RT-PCR of tobacco mRNA. Crude protein extracts from leaf tissue of transformed plants significantly reduced the number of fungal colonies arising from germinating conidia of Aspergillus flavus and Verticillium dahliae by up to 75 and 99%, respectively, compared to extracts from plants transformed with pBI121. Compared to negative controls, tobacco plants expressing the D4E1 gene showed greater levels of disease resistance in planta to the fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum destructivum, which causes anthracnose. JF - Plant Science AU - Cary, J W AU - Rajasekaran, K AU - Jaynes, J M AU - Cleveland, TE AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 2000/05/29/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 29 SP - 171 EP - 181 VL - 154 IS - 2 SN - 0168-9452, 0168-9452 KW - D4E1 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Transformation KW - Gene expression KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Verticillium dahliae KW - Conidia KW - Peptides KW - Plant extracts KW - Transgenic plants KW - mRNA KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - A 01069:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17728286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Science&rft.atitle=Transgenic+expression+of+a+gene+encoding+a+synthetic+antimicrobial+peptide+results+in+inhibition+of+fungal+growth+in+vitro+and+in+planta&rft.au=Cary%2C+J+W%3BRajasekaran%2C+K%3BJaynes%2C+J+M%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-05-29&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Science&rft.issn=01689452&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Verticillium dahliae; Peptides; Antimicrobial agents; Gene expression; Transgenic plants; Conidia; Transformation; Polymerase chain reaction; mRNA; Plant extracts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water repellency by laboratory burning of four northern Rocky Mountain forest soils AN - 17556027; 4740325 AB - Highly variable water repellent soil conditions have been reported after forest fires. We examined interactions among heating, soil water content and soil texture on water repellency. Undisturbed, 305 mm diameter cores were collected in the field from four soils commonly referred to as ash-cap, mixed ash-cap, no ash-cap and granitic soils. Three artificial burning treatments and a control (no heat) and two soil water contents were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Twenty water drops were placed on each soil layer starting at the surface and continuing at 10 mm intervals to a depth of 70 mm; and the times to infiltrate were recorded. The dry control treatment was more water repellent than the wet control treatment. The dry, low heat treatment was the most repellent, 10-20 mm below the soil surface with mean water drop penetration times greater than 60 s. Repellency decreased as the heating increased. In wet soils of the high heat treatment, a water repellent layer was generally detected 30-50 mm below the soil surface. Presumably, hydrophobic substances were translocated along the temperature gradient which cooled at depth (<50 mm) causing condensation on the soil particles. Water repellency after prescribed fire would probably be minimal because long heating times are not common. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Robichaud, PR AU - Hungerford, R D AD - USDA-Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Science Laboratory, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, ID 83843, USA, probichaud@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/05/29/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 29 SP - 207 EP - 219 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 231-232 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USA, Rocky Mts. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Repellent Soils KW - Forest Soils KW - Soil Types KW - Watershed Management KW - Soil Management KW - Soil Water KW - Soil Physics KW - Forest Fires KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17556027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Water+repellency+by+laboratory+burning+of+four+northern+Rocky+Mountain+forest+soils&rft.au=Robichaud%2C+PR%3BHungerford%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Robichaud&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=2000-05-29&rft.volume=231-232&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2800%2900195-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water repellency in soils. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Repellent Soils; Forest Soils; Forest Fires; Soil Water; Soil Management; Soil Physics; Watershed Management; Soil Types DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00195-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire effects on infiltration rates after prescribed fire in Northern Rocky Mountain forests, USA AN - 17553202; 4740326 AB - Infiltration rates in undisturbed forest environments are generally high. These high infiltration rates may be reduced when forest management activities such as timber harvesting and/or prescribed fires are used. Post-harvest residue burning is a common site preparation treatment used in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA, to reduce forest fuels and to prepare sites for natural and artificial tree regeneration. Prescribed burn operations attempt to leave sites with the surface condition of a low-severity burn. However, some of the areas often experience surface conditions associated with a high-severity burn which may result in hydrophobic or water repellent conditions. In this study, infiltration rates were measured after logging slash was broadcast burned from two prescribed burns. The two sites were in Northern Rocky coniferous forests of Douglas-fir/lodgepole pine and ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir. Simulated rainfall was applied to one-square meter plots in three, 30-min applications at 94 mm/h within the three surface conditions found after the burn: unburned-undisturbed areas, low-severity burn areas and high-severity burn areas. Runoff hydrographs from the rainfall simulations were relatively constant from the plots that were in unburned-undisturbed areas and in areas subjected to a low-severity burn. These constant runoff rates indicate constant hydraulic conductivity values for these surface conditions even though there was variation between plots. Hydrographs from the rainfall simulation plots located within areas of high-severity burn indicate greater runoff rates than the plots in low-severity burn areas especially during the initial stages of the first rainfall event. These runoff rates decreased to a constant rate for the last 10 min of the event. These results indicate hydrophobic or water repellent soil conditions, which temporarily cause a 10-40% reduction in hydraulic conductivity values when compared to a normal infiltrating soil condition. Since variability was high for these forest conditions, cumulative distribution algorithms of hydraulic conductivity provide a means to account for the inherent variability associated with these hillslopes and different surface conditions cause by fire. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Robichaud, PR AD - USDA-Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Science Laboratory, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, ID 83843, USA, probichaud@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/05/29/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 29 SP - 220 EP - 229 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 231-232 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USA, Northern Rocky Mts. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Coniferous Forests KW - Fir Trees KW - Rainfall KW - Best Management Practices KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Forest Management KW - Logging KW - Water Repellent Soils KW - Infiltration KW - Hydrographs KW - Soil Properties KW - Forest Fires KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17553202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Fire+effects+on+infiltration+rates+after+prescribed+fire+in+Northern+Rocky+Mountain+forests%2C+USA&rft.au=Robichaud%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Robichaud&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=2000-05-29&rft.volume=231-232&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2800%2900196-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Water repellency in soils. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Repellent Soils; Forest Fires; Infiltration; Logging; Fir Trees; Soil Properties; Forest Management; Best Management Practices; Permeability Coefficient; Hydrographs; Rainfall; Coniferous Forests DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00196-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction between dietary levels of iron and vitamin C on growth, hematology, immune response and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge AN - 17525986; 4705513 AB - Nine egg-white-based diets supplemented with three levels of vitamin C from l -ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (0, 50 and 3000 mg/kg) for each of the three levels of iron from iron methionine (0, 30 and 300 mg/kg) were each fed to juvenile channel catfish in triplicate aquaria twice daily to apparent satiation for 14 weeks. Fish fed with iron-deficient diets had decreased weight gain, feed conversion and survival. Supplementation of ascorbic acid to the iron-deficient diets further decreased weight gain and survival. Feed conversion was not significantly affected by dietary level of vitamin C or iron and vitamin C interaction. No gross signs of vitamin C deficiency were observed. Total cell count (TCC), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) were significantly lower for fish fed the iron deficient diet. TCC and RBC significantly increased when 3000 mg of vitamin C/kg was added. However, in the absence of dietary iron, supplementation of ascorbic acid resulted in significant decrease in HCT and Hb values. Hepatic iron concentration increased with increasing dietary level of iron. Supplementation of high level of ascorbic acid to the diet containing 300 mg/kg of supplemental iron significantly increased the liver iron content. Liver ascorbate increased with increasing dietary level of ascorbic acid. Dietary level of iron and the interaction between iron and vitamin C had no effect on liver content of vitamin C. Mean macrophage migration in the absence or presence of Edwardsiella ictaluri exoantigen was significantly higher for fish fed the iron supplemented diets. The significant effect of vitamin C was obtained only when high level (3000 mg/kg) was used. Neither dietary levels of iron nor vitamin C or their interaction influenced survival of juvenile channel catfish against E. ictaluri 14-day post challenge. However, the onset of mortality was earlier for fish fed the iron-deficient diet. JF - Aquaculture AU - Lim, C AU - Klesius, PH AU - Li, M H AU - Robinson, E H AD - Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, MSA, P.O. Box 952 Auburn, AL USA Y1 - 2000/05/25/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 25 SP - 313 EP - 327 PB - Elsevier VL - 185 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Disease control KW - Disease resistance KW - Freshwater KW - Aquaculture KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Ascorbic acid KW - Vitamin C KW - Fish diseases KW - Vitamins KW - Nutritional requirements KW - Feeding experiments KW - Immune response KW - Iron KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17525986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Interaction+between+dietary+levels+of+iron+and+vitamin+C+on+growth%2C+hematology%2C+immune+response+and+resistance+of+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29+to+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+challenge&rft.au=Lim%2C+C%3BKlesius%2C+PH%3BLi%2C+M+H%3BRobinson%2C+E+H&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-05-25&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vitamin C; Pathogenic bacteria; Fish diseases; Nutritional requirements; Disease control; Feeding experiments; Iron; Vitamins; Immune response; Disease resistance; Aquaculture; Ascorbic acid; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bruchins: insect-derived plant regulators that stimulate neoplasm formation. AN - 71126894; 10811915 AB - Pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum L.) oviposition on pods of specific genetic lines of pea (Pisum sativum L.) stimulates cell division at the sites of egg attachment. As a result, tumor-like growths of undifferentiated cells (neoplasms) develop beneath the egg. These neoplasms impede larval entry into the pod. This unique form of induced resistance is conditioned by the Np allele and mediated by a recently discovered class of natural products that we have identified from both cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) and pea weevil. These compounds, which we refer to as "bruchins," are long-chain alpha,omega-diols, esterified at one or both oxygens with 3-hydroxypropanoic acid. Bruchins are potent plant regulators, with application of as little as 1 fmol (0.5 pg) causing neoplastic growth on pods of all of the pea lines tested. The bruchins are, to our knowledge, the first natural products discovered with the ability to induce neoplasm formation when applied to intact plants. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Doss, R P AU - Oliver, J E AU - Proebsting, W M AU - Potter, S W AU - Kuy, S AU - Clement, S L AU - Williamson, R T AU - Carney, J R AU - DeVilbiss, E D AD - Horticultural Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA. dossr@bcc.orst.edu Y1 - 2000/05/23/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 23 SP - 6218 EP - 6223 VL - 97 IS - 11 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Fatty Alcohols KW - 0 KW - Propionates KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Immunity, Innate KW - Oviposition KW - Female KW - Cell Division KW - Fatty Alcohols -- metabolism KW - Beetles -- physiology KW - Propionates -- toxicity KW - Plant Tumors -- chemically induced KW - Plant Tumors -- etiology KW - Host-Parasite Interactions KW - Fatty Alcohols -- isolation & purification KW - Propionates -- isolation & purification KW - Fatty Alcohols -- chemistry KW - Propionates -- metabolism KW - Propionates -- chemistry KW - Fatty Alcohols -- toxicity KW - Peas -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71126894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Bruchins%3A+insect-derived+plant+regulators+that+stimulate+neoplasm+formation.&rft.au=Doss%2C+R+P%3BOliver%2C+J+E%3BProebsting%2C+W+M%3BPotter%2C+S+W%3BKuy%2C+S%3BClement%2C+S+L%3BWilliamson%2C+R+T%3BCarney%2C+J+R%3BDeVilbiss%2C+E+D&rft.aulast=Doss&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-05-23&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Dec 20;91(26):12790-3 [7809122] Can J Biochem Physiol. 1959 Aug;37(8):911-7 [13671378] Nature. 1996 Apr 11;380(6574):481-2 [8606760] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-frequency stable transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by particle bombardment of embryogenic cell suspension cultures AN - 17600459; 4722274 AB - Stable transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at a high frequency has been obtained by particle bombardment of embryogenic cell suspension cultures. Transient and stable expression of the beta -glucuronidase (GUS) gene was monitored in cell suspension cultures. Transient expression, measured 48 h after bombardment, was abundant, and stable expression was observed in over 4% of the transiently expressing cells. The high efficiency of stable expression is due to the multiple bombardment of rapidly dividing cell suspension cultures and the selection for transformed cells by gradually increasing the concentrations of the antibiotic Geneticin (G418). Southern analysis indicated a minimum transgene copy number of one to four in randomly selected plants. Fertile plants were obtained from transformed cell cultures less than 3 months old. However, transgenic and control plants from cell cultures older than 6 months produced plants with abnormal morphology and a high degree of sterility. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Rajasekaran, K AU - Hudspeth, R L AU - Cary, J W AU - Anderson, D M AU - Cleveland, TE AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, krajah@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/05/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 15 SP - 539 EP - 545 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - cotton KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Cell suspensions KW - Transformation KW - ^b-Glucuronidase KW - Embryogenesis KW - Gene transfer KW - Suspension culture KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17600459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=High-frequency+stable+transformation+of+cotton+%28Gossypium+hirsutum+L.%29+by+particle+bombardment+of+embryogenic+cell+suspension+cultures&rft.au=Rajasekaran%2C+K%3BHudspeth%2C+R+L%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BAnderson%2C+D+M%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Rajasekaran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-05-15&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002990050770 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Transformation; Embryogenesis; Cell suspensions; Suspension culture; ^b-Glucuronidase; Gene transfer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050770 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of avfA and omtB genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis in three Aspergillus species. AN - 71112819; 10806361 AB - The biosynthesis of aflatoxins (B(1), G(1), B(2), and G(2)) is a multi-enzyme process controlled genetically by over 20 genes. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of the avfA gene, which was found to be involved in the conversion of averufin (AVF) to versiconal hemiacetal acetate (VHA), in Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus; a copy of avfA gene was also cloned from a non-aflatoxin producing strain A. sojae. Complementation of an averufin-accumulating, non-aflatoxigenic mutant strain of A. parasiticus, SRRC 165, with the avfA gene cloned from A. flavus, restored the ability of the mutant to convert AVF to VHA and to produce aflatoxins B(1), G(1), B(2), and G(2). Sequence analysis revealed that a single amino acid replacement from aspartic acid to asparagine disabled the function of the enzyme in the mutant strain SRRC 165. The A. parasiticus avfA was identified to be a homolog of previously sequenced, but functionally unassigned transcript, stcO, in A. nidulans based on sequence homology at both nucleotide (57%) and amino acid (55%) levels. In addition to avfA, another aflatoxin pathway gene, omtB, encoding for an O-methyltransferase involved in the conversion of demethylsterigmatocystin (DMST) to sterigmatocystin (ST) and dihydrodemethylsterigmatocystin (DHDMST) to dihydrosterigmatocystin (DHST), was cloned from A. parasiticus, A. flavus, and A. sojae. The omtB gene was found to be highly homologous to stcP from A. nidulans, which has been reported earlier to be involved in a similar enzymatic step for the sterigmatocystin formation in that species. RT-PCR data demonstrated that both the avfA and avfA1 as well as omtB genes in A. parasiticus were expressed only in the aflatoxin-conducive medium. An analysis of the degrees of homology for the two reported genes between the Aspergillus species A. parasiticus, A. flavus, A. nidulans and A. sojae was conducted. JF - Gene AU - Yu, J AU - Woloshuk, C P AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. jiuyu@commserver.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/05/02/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 02 SP - 157 EP - 167 VL - 248 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Anthraquinones KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Fungal Proteins KW - averufin KW - 14016-29-6 KW - versiconal hemiacetal acetate KW - 62886-00-4 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - avfA protein, Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Methyltransferases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - omtB protein, Aspergillus KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Anthraquinones -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Base Sequence KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Aspergillus nidulans -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Point Mutation KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Aspergillus nidulans -- enzymology KW - DNA, Fungal -- chemistry KW - Methyltransferases -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Methyltransferases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71112819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+avfA+and+omtB+genes+involved+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+in+three+Aspergillus+species.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BWoloshuk%2C+C+P%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-05-02&rft.volume=248&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-06 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF154050; GENBANK; AF159789 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigated Agriculture and Wildlife Conservation: Conflict on a Global Scale AN - 899145815; 15625145 JF - Environmental Management AU - Lemly, ADennis AU - Kingsford, Richard T AU - Thompson, Julian R AD - United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0321, USA , US Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 485 EP - 512 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - conflicts KW - agriculture KW - Wildlife conservation KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899145815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Irrigated+Agriculture+and+Wildlife+Conservation%3A+Conflict+on+a+Global+Scale&rft.au=Lemly%2C+ADennis%3BKingsford%2C+Richard+T%3BThompson%2C+Julian+R&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=ADennis&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002679910039 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conflicts; Wildlife conservation; agriculture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679910039 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GC/MS/MS detection of pyrrolic metabolites in animals poisoned with the pyrrolizidine alkaloid riddelliine. AN - 71206723; 10868345 AB - Pyrrolic metabolites from pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) were detected in liver and dried blood samples using a gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) selected product-ion-monitoring method. A calibration curve was constructed using a protein-metabolite conjugate spiked into dried bovine blood. These spiked samples served as a model for tissues from animals poisoned by the toxic metabolite of PAs. Tissue samples from pigs fed various amounts of the PA alkaloid riddelliine (from Senecio riddellii) were analyzed for pyrrolic metabolites, and the results were applied to the calibration curve to provide a measure of the degree of PA poisoning. Pyrrolic metabolites were detected in liver and blood samples of all poisoned animals at levels between 2 and 64 ppm. Although differences in metabolite levels could be discerned under the reported experimental conditions, the amount detected did not correlate with the dose of riddelliine given; and livers fixed with formalin gave greatly reduced recovery than those same livers either frozen or freeze dried. JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - Schoch, T K AU - Gardner, D R AU - Stegelmeier, B L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 197 EP - 206 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids KW - riddelliine KW - 23246-96-0 KW - riddelliine N-oxide KW - 75056-11-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Models, Chemical KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- adverse effects KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- isolation & purification KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- metabolism KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71206723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=GC%2FMS%2FMS+detection+of+pyrrolic+metabolites+in+animals+poisoned+with+the+pyrrolizidine+alkaloid+riddelliine.&rft.au=Schoch%2C+T+K%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Schoch&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxigenic strains of Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum isolated from dairy cattle feed produce fumonisins, moniliformin and a new C21H38N2O6 metabolite phytotoxic to Lemna minor L. AN - 71206685; 10868338 AB - Corn samples suspected of causing refusal-to-eat syndrome in dairy cattle were examined mycologically. Fusarium moniliforme (14 isolates) and F. proliferatum (12 isolates) were the predominant fungi present. These isolates were tested for mycotoxin production on rice at 25 degrees C. Each strain of F. moniliforme produced fumonisin B1 (FB1: 378-15,600 ppm) and fumonisin B2 (FB2: 2-1050 ppm). Each strain of F. proliferatum produced moniliformin (45-16,000 ppm), FB1 (27-6140 ppm), and FB2 (5-1550 ppm). In addition, a new Fusarium metabolite of molecular composition C21H38N2O6 was produced by 10 of the F. moniliforme isolates and 7 of the F. proliferatum isolates. The metabolite's 1H- and 13C-NMR, HRFAB/MS and IR spectra indicate an alpha amino acid. It is toxic to Lemna minor L. duckweed (LD50 100 micrograms/mL). JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - Vesonder, R F AU - Wu, W AU - Weisleder, D AU - Gordon, S H AU - Krick, T AU - Xie, W AU - Abbas, H K AU - McAlpin, C E AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. vesondrf@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 103 EP - 112 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Cyclobutanes KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrophotometry, Infrared KW - Oryza -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Cattle KW - Feeding and Eating Disorders -- veterinary KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- isolation & purification KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- metabolism KW - Dairying KW - Cyclobutanes -- metabolism KW - Cyclobutanes -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71206685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Toxigenic+strains+of+Fusarium+moniliforme+and+Fusarium+proliferatum+isolated+from+dairy+cattle+feed+produce+fumonisins%2C+moniliformin+and+a+new+C21H38N2O6+metabolite+phytotoxic+to+Lemna+minor+L.&rft.au=Vesonder%2C+R+F%3BWu%2C+W%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BGordon%2C+S+H%3BKrick%2C+T%3BXie%2C+W%3BAbbas%2C+H+K%3BMcAlpin%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Vesonder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular and physiological aspects of aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin biosynthesis by Aspergillus tamarii and A. ochraceoroseus. AN - 71184941; 10855723 AB - Until recently, only three species (Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius) have been widely recognized as producers of aflatoxin. In this study we examine aflatoxin production by two other species, A. tamarii and A. ochraceoroseus, the latter of which also produces sterigmatocystin. Toxin-producing strains of A. tamarii and A. ochraceoroseus were examined morphologically, and toxin production was assayed on different media at different pH levels using thin layer chromatography and a densitometer. Genomic DNA of these two species was probed with known aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin biosynthesis genes from A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nidulans. Under the high stringency conditions, A. tamarii DNA hybridized to all four of the A. flavus and A. parasiticus gene probes, indicating strong similarities in the biosynthetic pathway genes of these three species. The A. ochraceoroseus DNA hybridized weakly to the A. flavus and A. parasiticus verB gene probe, and to two of the three A. nidulans probes. These data indicate that, at the DNA level, the aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin biosynthetic pathway genes for A. ochraceoroseus are somewhat different from known pathway genes. JF - Applied microbiology and biotechnology AU - Klich, M A AU - Mullaney, E J AU - Daly, C B AU - Cary, J W AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 605 EP - 609 VL - 53 IS - 5 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - DNA Probes KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Sterigmatocystin KW - 10048-13-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- ultrastructure KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - Sterigmatocystin -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71184941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Molecular+and+physiological+aspects+of+aflatoxin+and+sterigmatocystin+biosynthesis+by+Aspergillus+tamarii+and+A.+ochraceoroseus.&rft.au=Klich%2C+M+A%3BMullaney%2C+E+J%3BDaly%2C+C+B%3BCary%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Klich&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genes encoding cytochrome P450 and monooxygenase enzymes define one end of the aflatoxin pathway gene cluster in Aspergillus parasiticus. AN - 71181982; 10855719 AB - The identification of overlapping cosmids resulted in the discovery of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway gene cluster in Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. This finding led to the cloning and characterization of one regulatory and 16 structural genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis, including the most recent report on the gene, ordA, which has been identified to be involved in the formation of four aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2). However, these genes do not account for all the identified chemical/biochemical steps in aflatoxin synthesis and efforts are underway to identify the genes controlling the other steps. We are also attempting to define the outer boundaries of the aflatoxin pathway gene cluster in the Aspergillus genome. For this goal, we extended sequencing in both directions from the existing (60 kb) aflatoxin pathway gene cluster, beyond the pksA gene at one end and the omtA gene at the other. Within the 25-kb genomic DNA sequence determined at the omtA end of the cluster, several new gene sequences were identified. The recently reported genes, vbs and ordA, were found within this 25-kb region. Two additional genes were also found in this region, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase encoding gene, tentatively named cypX, and a monooxygenase encoding gene, tentatively named moxY, and these are also reported in this study. The sequence beyond these genes showed a 5-kb non-coding region of DNA followed by the presence of a cluster of genes probably involved in sugar metabolism. Northern blot analysis and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies demonstrated that the genes, cypX and moxY, are expressed concurrently with genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Therefore, the two putative aflatoxin pathway genes cypX and moxY followed by a 5-kb non-coding region of DNA define one end of the boundary of the aflatoxin pathway gene cluster in A. parasiticus. JF - Applied microbiology and biotechnology AU - Yu, J AU - Chang, P K AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 583 EP - 590 VL - 53 IS - 5 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - moxY protein, Aspergillus parasiticus KW - EC 1.113.12.- KW - Oxygenases KW - EC 1.13.- KW - CypX protein, Aspergillus parasiticus KW - EC 1.13.12.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Multigene Family KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Oxygenases -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- chemistry KW - Aspergillus -- growth & development KW - Oxygenases -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71181982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Genes+encoding+cytochrome+P450+and+monooxygenase+enzymes+define+one+end+of+the+aflatoxin+pathway+gene+cluster+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BChang%2C+P+K%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF169016; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Naturally occurring biofilms on alfalfa and other types of sprouts. AN - 71133207; 10826720 AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the cotyledons, hypocotyls, and roots of alfalfa, broccoli, clover, and sunflower sprouts purchased from retail outlets as well as alfalfa sprouts grown in the laboratory using a tray system equipped with automatic irrigation. Biofilms were observed on all plant parts of the four types of commercially grown sprouts. Biofilms were also commonly observed on alfalfa sprouts grown in the laboratory by 2 days of growth. Rod-shaped bacteria of various sizes were predominant on all sprouts examined both as free-living cells and as components of biofilms. Occasionally, cocci-shaped bacteria as well as yeast cells were also present in biofilms. The microbes contained in the biofilms appeared to be attached to each other and to the plant surface by a matrix, most likely composed of bacterial exopolysaccharides. Biofilms were most abundant and of the largest dimensions on cotyledons, sometimes covering close to the entire cotyledon surface (approximately 2 mm in length). Naturally occurring biofilms on sprouts may afford protected colonization sites for human pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7, making their eradication with antimicrobial compounds difficult. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Fett, W F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. wfett@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 625 EP - 632 VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Helianthus -- microbiology KW - Brassica -- microbiology KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Medicago sativa -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Biofilms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71133207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Naturally+occurring+biofilms+on+alfalfa+and+other+types+of+sprouts.&rft.au=Fett%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supercritical fluid extraction of atrazine and other triazine herbicides from fortified and incurred eggs. AN - 71131076; 10820076 AB - Triazines are a class of important pre-emergent weed herbicides. Some members of this class of herbicides exhibit carcinogenic and immunotoxicity properties, which make their use controversial in areas where animal feed crops are grown. It is therefore important to determine if triazine residues are transported to animal food products in order to ascertain the extent of human exposure. Most of the current herbicide residue extraction methods are time-consuming and solvent intensive. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO(2) has been used as a alternative for other residue extraction methods as a replacement for hazardous organic solvents. In this study, 10 triazines were extracted from eggs fortified at 100 ppb using unmodified supercritical CO(2) at a pressure of 10000 psi and a temperature of 50 degrees C with off-line collection on a solid phase extraction cartridge containing Florisil. Atrazine recovery averaged 90.4% with an RSD of 3.3%. The other triazines were recovered at mean levels >73%. In a separate feeding study, atrazine and two of its dealkyl metabolites were detected in the egg. The results indicate that SFE is a viable technique for isolating triazine residues from eggs, requiring only 8 mL of solvent for each analysis. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Fiddler, W AU - Donoghue, D J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. jpensabene@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1668 EP - 1672 VL - 48 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography -- methods KW - Atrazine -- isolation & purification KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71131076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Supercritical+fluid+extraction+of+atrazine+and+other+triazine+herbicides+from+fortified+and+incurred+eggs.&rft.au=Pensabene%2C+J+W%3BFiddler%2C+W%3BDonoghue%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Pensabene&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-28 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determinants of maternal zinc status during pregnancy. AN - 71095581; 10799411 AB - Zinc deficiency in pregnant experimental animals limits fetal growth and, if severe, causes teratogenic anomalies. Although the data from human studies are not consistent, similar outcomes have been observed and were associated with poor maternal zinc status. This paper reviews humans studies of zinc status and pregnancy outcome, describes the physiologic adjustments in zinc utilization during pregnancy to meet fetal needs while maintaining maternal status, and identifies dietary and environmental conditions that may override those physiologic adjustments and put the health of the mother and fetus at risk. Adjustments in intestinal zinc absorption appear to be the primary means by which zinc retention is increased to meet fetal demands. However, transfer of sufficient zinc to the fetus is dependent on maintenance of normal maternal serum zinc concentrations. Conditions that could interfere with zinc absorption include intake of cereal-based diets that are high in phytate, high intakes of supplemental iron, or any gastrointestinal disease. Conditions that may alter maternal plasma zinc concentrations and the transport of zinc to the fetus include smoking, alcohol abuse, and an acute stress response to infection or trauma. Supplemental zinc may be prudent for women with poor gastrointestinal function or with any of these conditions during pregnancy. JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition AU - King, J C AD - Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. jking@whnrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1334S EP - 43S VL - 71 IS - 5 Suppl SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy -- metabolism KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development KW - Zinc -- metabolism KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Zinc -- deficiency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71095581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Determinants+of+maternal+zinc+status+during+pregnancy.&rft.au=King%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=5+Suppl&rft.spage=1334S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An investigation of the in vivo formation of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 70998750; 10739032 AB - The in vivo formation of dioxins from chemical precursors was investigated in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed pentachlorophenol or a predioxin in peanut oil for 14 days. Mass balance calculations indicated that pentachlorophenol was not converted to dioxins; however, the predioxin, nonachloro-2-phenoxyphenol, was converted to OCDD. Conversion of the predioxin ranged from 0.5% to 153% and depended on the amount of predioxin and OCDD present in the diet. The analytical procedures used for sample preparation did not appear to cause conversion of the predioxin to OCDD. The mechanism for biological conversion may be enzymatic or spontaneous. JF - Chemosphere AU - Huwe, J K AU - Feil, V J AU - Zaylskie, R G AU - Tiernan, T O AD - USDA, ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, University Station, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA. PY - 2000 SP - 957 EP - 962 VL - 40 IS - 9-11 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Plant Oils KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - arachis oil KW - 5TL50QU0W4 KW - Pentachlorophenol KW - D9BSU0SE4T KW - octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin KW - YW59P10266 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Dioxins -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Plant Oils -- administration & dosage KW - Pentachlorophenol -- metabolism KW - Dioxins -- administration & dosage KW - Pentachlorophenol -- administration & dosage KW - Diet KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70998750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=An+investigation+of+the+in+vivo+formation+of+octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Huwe%2C+J+K%3BFeil%2C+V+J%3BZaylskie%2C+R+G%3BTiernan%2C+T+O&rft.aulast=Huwe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=9-11&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soybean yield response to tillage, fragipan depth, and slope length AN - 27751433; 2001-63-010151 (CE); 0494393 (EN) AB - Soybean (Glycine max) yield from continuous no-till and conventional-till systems were measured for 14 years on 12 pairs of 30.5-m long up-and-down-hill plots. The plots were located on shallow Loring (Typic Fragiudalf) silt loam soil that was underlain by a restrictive fragipan. The no-till provided minimal erosion and the conventional-till provided excessive erosion. After the first three years, no-till yields exceeded those from conventional-till for the remainder of the study. This report deals with soybean yields that were measured from sequential 7.6-m slope segments designated as A, B, C, and D from the top to the bottom of each plot. The average fragipan depths in the spring of 1985 were 42, 38, 37, and 30 cm in the conventional-till plots and 46, 44, 35, and 30 cm for the no-till plots for each of these respective segments. The effective slope length for runoff travel distance on segments A through D were 7.6, 15.2, 22.8, and 30.5 m, respectively. Tillage, year, effective slope length, and fragipan depth significantly affected crop yield during the 1984 to 1997 study period. Both increase in slope length and decrease in fragipan depth produced lower yield in both tillage systems with greater yield reduction from the conventional-till practice. An exponential equation fitted to the differences of no-till and conventional-till average yield reflected that no-till soybean yield exceeded conventional-till soybean yield by about 70% after 14 years. Predicted erosion per unit area (RUSLE, version 1.06) within segments B, C, and D for conventional-till increased 54, 85, and 108%, respectively, as compared to that within segment A. The increase was only 12.5% for no-till segments B, C, and D as compared to that within segment A. The estimated accumulated depth of soil loss from each slope segment A, B, C, and D for conventional-till represented a net decrease in fragipan depth of about 2, 5, 8, and 10%, respectively, from 1984 to 1997. No-till produced no estimated significant changes to depth of fragipan during the study period. The authors believe the data suggest that greater erosion from conventional-till on the lower slope segments contributed to a decrease in soil productivity on these soils. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Cullum, R F AU - McGregor, K C AU - Mutchler, C K AU - Johnson, J R AU - Boykin, D L AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Oxford, MS, USA PY - 2000 SP - 563 EP - 571 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Tillage KW - Erosion KW - Crops KW - Silt loam soils KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Erosion rate KW - Runoff KW - Distance KW - Productivity KW - Article KW - EE 821.3:Agricultural Methods KW - EE 821.4:Agricultural Products KW - EE 821.5:Agricultural Wastes KW - EE 483.1:Soils and Soil Mechanics (EN) KW - EE 453.1:Water Pollution Sources KW - EE 483:Soil Mechanics and Foundations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27751433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Soybean+yield+response+to+tillage%2C+fragipan+depth%2C+and+slope+length&rft.au=Cullum%2C+R+F%3BMcGregor%2C+K+C%3BMutchler%2C+C+K%3BJohnson%2C+J+R%3BBoykin%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Cullum&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a nitrogen-release algorithm for slow-release fertilizers AN - 27491487; 2001-63-010150 (CE); 2001-63-002124 (MT); 0494383 (EN) AB - Current water quality models do not consider the time release rate of sulfur-coated ureas (SCUs). However, the use of these slow-release formulations is prevalent in urban agricultural management. Using documented slow-release fertilizer data, a first-order decay equation was fit with reasonable accuracy for both surface (Efficiency R super(2) identical with 0.63) and incorporated (Efficiency R super(2) identical with 0.70) applications. In both cases the decay coefficient was best represented using a two-parameter model. Temperature and seven-day dissolution amount were determined as best descriptive parameters for the surface model while soil moisture and temperature were used for the incorporated model. Temperature was the more sensitive parameter for the surface applied model while soil moisture was the more sensitive input for the incorporated model. Each model was validated with a limited amount of data. The surface applied model was validated with a prediction efficiency of 0.82 while the subsurface model was validated with a prediction efficiency of 0.63. Even though the models are based on a limited amount of data, incorporation of these results in water quality models will permit the initial simulation of SCUs and allow better simulations of real world situations. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - King, K W AU - Balogh, J C AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Temple, TX, USA PY - 2000 SP - 661 EP - 664 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering (MT); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Efficiency KW - Computer simulation KW - Water quality KW - Fertilizers KW - Decay KW - Water KW - Dissolution KW - Coefficients KW - Accuracy KW - Agricultural management KW - Algorithms KW - Article KW - EE 821.2:Agricultural Chemicals KW - EE 453.2:Water Pollution Control KW - EE 445.2:Water Analysis KW - EE 723.5:Computer Applications (EN) KW - EE 921:Applied Mathematics KW - EE 804.1:Organic Compounds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27491487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+nitrogen-release+algorithm+for+slow-release+fertilizers&rft.au=King%2C+K+W%3BBalogh%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aerobic Exercise During Lactation: Safe, Healthful, and Compatible AN - 21202070; 11635676 JF - Journal of Human Lactation AU - McCrory, Megan A AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 95 EP - 98 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0890-3344, 0890-3344 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Aerobics KW - Exercise KW - Lactation KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21202070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Lactation&rft.atitle=Aerobic+Exercise+During+Lactation%3A+Safe%2C+Healthful%2C+and+Compatible&rft.au=McCrory%2C+Megan+A&rft.aulast=McCrory&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Human+Lactation&rft.issn=08903344&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F089033440001600202 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerobics; Exercise; Lactation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033440001600202 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in Dry Matter, Carbohydrate and Seed Yield Resulting from Lodging in Three Temperate Grass Species AN - 17813383; 4854071 AB - The adverse effect of lodging on grass seed yield may be attributed, in part, to assimilate limitation during the seed filling period. This investigation examined plant dry matter assimilate partitioning and seed yield as affected by lodging in three species that are closely related but phenotypically different: tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.). Studies were performed in field plots at Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Seed yield components (seed number per inflorescence, seed yield per inflorescence, and single seed mass) and leaf, stem (lower, middle, and peduncle) and seed inflorescence dry mass were measured just prior to anthesis to seed maturity. Dry mass and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) were determined for shoot components. The reduction in dry mass and WSC in leaves and stem components following anthesis was often greater in lodged plants compared to upright plants. The relatively low seed yield depression in lodged tall fescue suggested a higher compensation potential for partitioning reserve assimilate from leaves and stems to support seed growth and development. This potential does not appear to be present to the same degree in Italian ryegrass and to an even lesser extent in perennial ryegrass. These findings suggest that the potential to compensate for reduced assimilate supply during the period of high assimilate demand by seeds may be attributed, in part, to the total assimilate reserve accumulated prior to photoassimilate reduction caused by the lodged condition. JF - Annals of Botany AU - Griffith, S M AD - USDA ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, griffits@ucs.orst.edu Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 675 EP - 680 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 0305-7364, 0305-7364 KW - USA, Oregon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - Seeds KW - Lolium perenne KW - Lolium multiflorum KW - Lodging KW - Biomass KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17813383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Changes+in+Dry+Matter%2C+Carbohydrate+and+Seed+Yield+Resulting+from+Lodging+in+Three+Temperate+Grass+Species&rft.au=Griffith%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Botany&rft.issn=03057364&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fanabo.2000.1125 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Festuca arundinacea; Lolium multiflorum; Lolium perenne; Seeds; Biomass; Lodging DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anabo.2000.1125 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of insect associated cues on the jumping behavior of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp.) AN - 17716568; 4789858 AB - The infective stage juveniles of insect parasitic nematodes in the family Steinernema search for hosts using strategies ranging from ambush to cruise foraging. Infective juveniles attach to passing insects by standing on their tails and contacting an insect directly when standing or by jumping. We determined how species with differing degrees of ambush foraging specialization differ in their behavioral responses to different sources of information. Mechanical contact, air movement, and host associated volatile cues were important triggers of jumping behavior for some species of Steinernema. Three species that are ambush foragers (S. carpocapsae, S. scapterisci, and S. siamkayai) responded to small air movements by increased waving and jumping behavior, and jumps were directionally biased towards the source of the movement. For S. carpocapsae and S. scapterisci, host-associated volatile cues were strong triggers to jump, but host cues did not increase the proportion of S. siamkayai jumping. In contrast, two intermediate foraging species, S. ceratophorum and S. monticolum, did not demonstrate a detectable response to either the air movement or the host cues. JF - Behaviour AU - Campbell, J F AU - Kaya, H K AD - USDA-ARS, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Biological Research Unit, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan KS 66502, USA, campbell@usgmrl.ksu.edu Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 591 EP - 610 VL - 137 IS - 5 SN - 0005-7959, 0005-7959 KW - Nematoda KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Parasites KW - Jumping KW - Host selection KW - Steinernema KW - Pathogens KW - Infection KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - D 04656:Nematodes KW - Y 25662:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17716568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behaviour&rft.atitle=Influence+of+insect+associated+cues+on+the+jumping+behavior+of+entomopathogenic+nematodes+%28Steinernema+spp.%29&rft.au=Campbell%2C+J+F%3BKaya%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behaviour&rft.issn=00057959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Steinernema; Pathogens; Host selection; Host-parasite interactions; Infection; Jumping; Parasites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese application alleviates the water deficit-induced decline of N sub(2) fixation AN - 17689044; 4772764 AB - Water deficit is a very serious constraint on N sub(2) fixation rates and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max Merr.). Ureides are transported from the nodules and they accumulate in the leaves during soil drying. This accumulation appears responsible for a feedback mechanism on nitrogen fixation, and it is hypothesized to result from a decreased ureide degradation in the leaf. One enzyme involved in the ureide degradation, allantoate amidohydrolase, is manganese (Mn) dependent. As Mn deficiency can occur in soils where soybean is grown, this deficiency may aggravate soybean sensitivity to water deficit. In situ ureide breakdown was measured by incubating soybean leaves in a 5 mol m super(-3) allantoic acid solution for 9 h before sampling leaf discs in which remnant ureide was measured over time. In situ ureide breakdown was dramatically decreased in leaves from plants grown without Mn. At the plant level, allantoic acid application in the nutrient solution of hydroponically grown soybean resulted in a higher accumulation of ureide in leaves and lower acetylene reduction activity (ARA) by plants grown with 0 mol m super(-3) Mn than those grown with 6 times 6 mol m super(-3) Mn. Those plants grown with 6 times 6 mol m super(-3) Mn in comparison with those grown with 52 times 8 mol m super(-3) Mn had, in turn, higher accumulated ureide and lower ARA. To determine if Mn level also influenced N sub(2) fixation sensitivity to water deficit, a dry-down experiment was carried out by slowly dehydrating plants that were grown in soil under four different Mn nutritions. Plants receiving no Mn had the lowest leaf Mn concentration, 11 times 9 mg kg super(-1), and had N sub(2) fixation more sensitive to water deficit than plants treated with Mn in which leaf Mn concentration was in the range of 21-33 mg kg super(-1). The highest Mn treatments increased leaf Mn concentration to 37 times 5 mg kg super(-1) and above but did not delay the decline of ARA with soil drying, although these plants showed a significant increase in ARA under well-watered conditions. JF - Plant, Cell & Environment AU - Vadez, V AU - Sinclair, T R AU - Serraj, R AU - Purcell, L C AD - USDA-ARS, Agronomy Department, Agronomy Physiology Laboratory, IFAS Building No.350, University of Florida, PO Box 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611-0965, USA, trsincl@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 497 EP - 505 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0140-7791, 0140-7791 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Water Deficit KW - Nitrogen Fixation KW - Plants KW - Manganese KW - Soybeans KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17689044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Manganese+application+alleviates+the+water+deficit-induced+decline+of+N+sub%282%29+fixation&rft.au=Vadez%2C+V%3BSinclair%2C+T+R%3BSerraj%2C+R%3BPurcell%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Vadez&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01407791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Water Deficit; Nitrogen Fixation; Plants; Manganese; Soybeans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mating Preference, Mating Propensity, and Reproductive Traits in Anthocoris Nemoralis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae): A Comparison of California and United Kingdom Populations AN - 17674169; 5671096 AB - The predatory bug Anthocoris nemoralis (F.) is a common species native to Europe that has become established in several areas of North America. The objectives of this study were to determine whether North American and European insects differed in aspects of mating activity and reproduction. We compared mating preferences, mating propensities, and some life history traits between a European (England) and North American (San Francisco Bay area) population of A. nemoralis; the North American population colonized the source locale apparently between 10 and 30 yr ago. In no-choice and choice assays, the insects showed no preference for mating with insects from the same source population. Both types of assays indicated that insects from the two sources differed in mating propensities: UK females were less likely to mate during a 30-min assay than females from California (irrespective of male source); and California males were less likely to mate than males from the UK (regardless of female source). More than 80% of mated females matured ovaries from all population crosses. Copulation duration was shorter in pairings involving California males (13.8 min) than matings involving UK males (16.9 min). The preoviposition period averaged approximately 3 d for females from both populations. Insects of both sexes from both populations were able to mate within 24-48 h of adult eclosion. Younger males of both populations copulated longer and were less likely to prompt ovarian maturation in the female than older males. Several characteristics of A. nemoralis, including its generalist feeding habits, rapid maturation, short preoviposition period, and low levels of mating discrimination may help explain why this species has been successful in colonizing new geographic areas. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AU - Hinojosa, T AU - Lewis, T M AD - USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951 Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 663 EP - 672 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17674169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Mating+Preference%2C+Mating+Propensity%2C+and+Reproductive+Traits+in+Anthocoris+Nemoralis+%28Heteroptera%3A+Anthocoridae%29%3A+A+Comparison+of+California+and+United+Kingdom+Populations&rft.au=Horton%3BHinojosa%2C+T%3BLewis%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%280663%3AMPMPAR%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=663 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(0663:MPMPAR)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal Distribution of Anthocoris spp. and Deraeocoris Brevis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Miridae) in Orchard and Non-Orchard Habitats of Central Washington AN - 17670902; 5671070 AB - Occurrence of Anthocoris tomentosus Pericart, A. antevolens White, A. whitei Reuter, and Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler) in non-orchard habitats is described for areas adjacent to the pear growing regions of Yakima, WA. The four species were found on a number of tree and shrub species, especially willow, cottonwood, oak, alder, aspen, poplar, and bitterbrush. The four predators differed in degree of specialization. A. whitei was found almost exclusively on antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata Pursh), apparently in close association with an unidentified psyllid. The other two anthocorids were more generalized, but differed in occurrence on some tree species. Adult and immature A. antevolens were common on oak, cottonwood, and poplar. Conversely, A. tomentosus was comparatively uncommon on these species, but was more abundant than A. antevolens on the neighboring willows; immatures of A. tomentosus were never recovered from oak. Adult and immature D. brevis were collected from several species not shown to support populations of Anthocoris spp., suggesting that the mirid is more of a generalist than the anthocorids. Anthocoris spp. were rare in apple orchards, whereas D. brevis was common there. A. tomentosus and A. antevolens showed distinct seasonal changes in plant use. Both species congregated on willow catkins beginning in March, but began to appear on summer hosts (oak, cottonwood, alder, aspen, poplar) in May and June. Some of the movement from willow may have been a result of the disappearance of a univoltine psyllid from this host plant. Traps composed of corrugated cardboard were placed at different sites to collect overwintering predators. A. antevolens and D. brevis were more broadly distributed among plant species than A. tomentosus or A. whitei (the latter restricted to pear and bitterbrush). A. antevolens was very abundant in traps collected from poplar and cottonwood, apparently because both tree species are important sources of late-summer prey for this predator. Other miscellaneous Anthocoridae and Deraeocoris spp. were collected while sampling, and lists of these species are provided. Orius tristicolor (White) was common at several sites, and was easily the most abundant anthocorid in overwintering traps at one intensively sampled orchard. This species was particularly abundant in traps placed in peach trees. Overwintering sex ratios of D. brevis, Anthocoris spp., and O. tristicolor were moderately to strongly female-biased. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AU - Lewis, T M AD - USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951 Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 476 EP - 485 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05100:General KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17670902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Seasonal+Distribution+of+Anthocoris+spp.+and+Deraeocoris+Brevis+%28Heteroptera%3A+Anthocoridae%2C+Miridae%29+in+Orchard+and+Non-Orchard+Habitats+of+Central+Washington&rft.au=Horton%3BLewis%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%280476%3ASDOASA%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=476 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(0476:SDOASA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mow-plow crop residue management influence on soil erosion in north-central Oregon AN - 17670007; 4761050 AB - Soil loss from dryland farms on the Columbia Plateau in Oregon and Washington (USA) results primarily from rain falling on frozen, cultivated soil. Soils are most susceptible to erosion when moldboard plowed, summer-fallowed, repeatedly rod-weeded or cultivated, and fall planted to winter-wheat. These tillage practices are used because they help control weed and disease infestations and consistently produce good crops. Unfortunately, they also destroy soil structure and lead to considerable soil loss by water erosion. Conservation-tillage-practices have not been widely accepted because of associated weed and disease problems. A new conservation system using crop residue management, the mow-plow system, has shown promise for weed control. The moldboard plow is the primary tillage tool, but standing crop residue is cut ahead of the plow and distributed onto the adjacent plowed surface. The system requires a single pass of the equipment. We evaluated runoff and erosion responses in two levels of residue application in the mow-plow (L similar to 23% and H similar to 36% cover), traditional moldboard plow, and chisel plow winter-wheat/summer-fallow systems near Pendleton, OR, USA. Following extended periods of sub-freezing air and soil temperatures, we simulated rainfall at 9, 13, and 19 mm h super(-1) and collected runoff to evaluate water and soil loss as the soil thawed. Runoff was not significantly different among treatments. For each of the three rainfall intensities, the chisel plow treatment provided the best protection against soil erosion at 0.11, 0.39, and 0.95 Mg ha super(-1) h super(-1), followed closely by the mow-plow (H) 0.26, 0.55, and 0.90 Mg ha super(-1) h super(-1). The moldboard plow treatment was the least effective treatment for erosion control (0.57, 1.38, and 3.76 Mg ha super(-1) h super(-1)). The erosion response from the mow-plow (L) treatment was variable and not statistically different from the moldboard plow treatment (0.33, 2.49, and 1.71 Mg ha super(-1) h super(-1)). These results demonstrate the importance of maintaining cover on the soil surface. The mow-plow system, where adequate straw residue is available, is superior to moldboard plow system for soil conservation. JF - Soil and Tillage Research AU - Williams, J D AU - Wilkins, DE AU - Douglas, CL Jr AU - Rickman, R W AD - USDA-ARS-PWA, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, PO Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 71 EP - 78 VL - 55 IS - 1-2 KW - USA, Oregon KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Erosion Control KW - Rain KW - Soil Erosion KW - Farming KW - Crops KW - Cultivation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17670007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+and+Tillage+Research&rft.atitle=Mow-plow+crop+residue+management+influence+on+soil+erosion+in+north-central+Oregon&rft.au=Williams%2C+J+D%3BWilkins%2C+DE%3BDouglas%2C+CL+Jr%3BRickman%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+and+Tillage+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion Control; Rain; Soil Erosion; Farming; Crops; Cultivation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fecundity of Female Oriental Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Effects of Methyl Eugenol-Fed and Multiple Mates AN - 17667543; 5671082 AB - Females of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), show a strong mating preference for males that have fed previously on methyl eugenol, a compound occurring naturally in various plant families. The current study compared fecundity and fertility (proportion of eggs hatching) of individual females mated to methyl eugenol-deprived males (control) or methyl eugenol-fed males (treated). Based on data collected over an 8-wk period, no differences were detected in female survival, fecundity, or fertility between females mated to control or treated males. In a second experiment, female remating frequency was monitored, and the fecundity of singly versus multiply mated females was compared. Approximately 50% of females remated over 8 wk, and multiple maters laid significantly more eggs than did single maters. Possible explanations for the female preference for methyl eugenol-fed males and the difference in fecundity observed between singly and multiply mated females are discussed. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Shelly, TE AD - USDA-APHIS, P.O. Box 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795, and Hawaiian Evolutionary Biology Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 559 EP - 564 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17667543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Fecundity+of+Female+Oriental+Fruit+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29%3A+Effects+of+Methyl+Eugenol-Fed+and+Multiple+Mates&rft.au=Shelly%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Shelly&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%280559%3AFOFOFF%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=559 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(0559:FOFOFF)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCR cloning of Pseudomonas resinovorans polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes and expression in Escherichia coli AN - 17664618; 4732584 AB - A ca. 5.5-kb region of Pseudomonas resinovorans genome containing the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis locus was sequenced. Three complete open-reading-frames (ORFs), i.e., phaC1 sub(Pr), phaZ sub(Pr), and phaC2 sub(Pr), were identified. Using this sequence information, phaC1 sub(Pr) was PCR-cloned from P. resinovorans genomic DNA and expressed in E. coli as shown by a Nile Red plate assay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Solaiman, DKY AD - US Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dsolaiman@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/05/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 01 SP - 789 EP - 794 VL - 22 IS - 9 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - cloning KW - biosynthesis KW - gene expression KW - polyhydroxyalkanoic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Gas chromatography KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Pseudomonas resinovorans KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17664618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=PCR+cloning+of+Pseudomonas+resinovorans+polyhydroxyalkanoate+biosynthesis+genes+and+expression+in+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas resinovorans; Escherichia coli; Polymerase chain reaction; Gas chromatography; Mass spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA preparation method can influence outcome of transgenic animal experiments AN - 17664424; 4731410 AB - In our continuing quest to improve the efficiency of producing transgenic animals, we have compared the influence of two transgene purification techniques on the efficiency of creating transgenic sheep and mice. Three hundred eighty-seven sheep zygotes and 2,737 mouse zygotes were microinjected with one of four transgenes. Transgenes were isolated from plasmid sequences either by agarose gel electrophoresis followed by gel extraction or by a single step sodium chloride gradient fractionation technique. Four transgenic sheep and 61 transgenic mice were produced. Both sheep and mice embryos responded similarly to transgene preparation methods. Overall, pregnancy rate was higher for recipients that received embryos injected with NaCl purified DNA (mean plus or minus SEM: 64 plus or minus 7% vs. 38 plus or minus 7%). Furthermore, offspring per zygote transferred (NaCl, 22 plus or minus 3% vs. Gel, 12 plus or minus 3%) and transgenics born per zygote transferred (NaCl, 3.9 plus or minus 0.6% vs. Gel, 1.5 plus or minus 0.6%) were higher when the NaCl purified DNA was used. However, the proportion of offspring born that were identified as transgenic did not differ between transgene purification methods. Transgenes responded differently to methods of preparation. One of the four genes yielded a significantly higher proportion of transgenics when the transgene was prepared by NaCl purification. These data suggest that on average the NaCl gradient purification technique results in a higher embryo survival rate to term for both sheep and mice, but the technique has no influence on rate of transgene integration. JF - Animal Biotechnology AU - Wall, R J AU - Paleyanda, R K AU - Foster, JA AU - Powell, A AU - Rexroad, C AU - Lubon, H AD - Gene Evaluation and Mapping Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, bobwall@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 19 EP - 32 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5398, 1049-5398 KW - mice KW - sheep KW - DNA purification KW - sodium chloride KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transgenic animals KW - Transgenic mice KW - Microinjection KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17664424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=DNA+preparation+method+can+influence+outcome+of+transgenic+animal+experiments&rft.au=Wall%2C+R+J%3BPaleyanda%2C+R+K%3BFoster%2C+JA%3BPowell%2C+A%3BRexroad%2C+C%3BLubon%2C+H&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10495398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transgenic animals; Microinjection; Transgenic mice ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Management Improvement Program (MIP). A process for improving the performance of irrigated agriculture AN - 17616458; 4756857 AB - Enhanced long-term management of natural resources, farmer profitability, and overall social well-being are essential to sustainable irrigated agriculture. Because these objectives often seem to conflict, all agricultural stakeholders - farmers, irrigation districts, support and regulatory government agencies, and other interested parties - need to interact proactively to identify and address common needs. To this end, the Management Improvement Program (MIP) was tested in the Maricopa-Stanfield Irrigation and Drainage District (MSIDD) area in central Arizona, USA, as a managed change process to improve the performance of an irrigated agricultural system. The three-phased MIP process consists of (1) analysis of the current performance of the agricultural system, on- and off-farm, to gain a common, shared understanding; (2) development by the stakeholders of plans for alternatives to address identified opportunities for improvement; and (3) collaborative implementation of the plans. This paper describes the MIP process and its methodological origins, provides an account of the initial application of the MIP process to an irrigated agricultural system in the United States, and highlights some important outcomes of the MIP application. JF - Irrigation and Drainage Systems AU - Dedrick, A R AU - Bautista, E AU - Clyma, W AU - Levine, D B AU - Rish, SA AD - USDA-ARS National Program Staff, 5601 Sunnyside Ave., Beltsville, Md. 20705-5140 USA Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 5 EP - 39 VL - 14 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-6291, 0168-6291 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Water Management KW - Management Planning KW - Water management KW - Irrigation KW - Irrigation (see also Land treatment) KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17616458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.atitle=The+Management+Improvement+Program+%28MIP%29.+A+process+for+improving+the+performance+of+irrigated+agriculture&rft.au=Dedrick%2C+A+R%3BBautista%2C+E%3BClyma%2C+W%3BLevine%2C+D+B%3BRish%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Dedrick&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.issn=01686291&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006325314944 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irrigation; Water Management; Agriculture; Management Planning; Performance Evaluation; Irrigation (see also Land treatment); Water management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006325314944 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water delivery performance in the Maricopa-Stanfield Irrigation and Drainage District AN - 17616336; 4756862 AB - A Diagnostic Analysis was conducted in the service area of the Maricopa-Stanfield Irrigation and Drainage District in Arizona, USA. The study was an initial step in a managed change process, named Management Improvement Program (MIP), aimed at improving the performance of the area's irrigated agricultural system. Part of the Diagnostic Analysis study focused on the performance of the irrigation district's water delivery service. The study identified areas of high and low water delivery performance, factors contributing to the observed levels of performance, and implications to on-farm water management. These findings prompted changes in the delivery system's management. Results from a post-MIP intervention study indicate that the district's water delivery performance has improved as a result of those changes, and thus, that the Diagnostic Analysis and MIP methodologies are effective tools for promoting positive change in a water delivery organization. JF - Irrigation and Drainage Systems AU - Bautista, E AU - Replogle, JA AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Clyma, W AU - Dedrick, A R AU - Rish, SA AD - USDA-ARS U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 139 EP - 166 VL - 14 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-6291, 0168-6291 KW - USA, Arizona KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Water Delivery KW - Farms KW - Water Management KW - Water management KW - Irrigation Districts KW - Farms and farming KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17616336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.atitle=Water+delivery+performance+in+the+Maricopa-Stanfield+Irrigation+and+Drainage+District&rft.au=Bautista%2C+E%3BReplogle%2C+JA%3BClemmens%2C+A+J%3BClyma%2C+W%3BDedrick%2C+A+R%3BRish%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Bautista&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.issn=01686291&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006360228610 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Delivery; Irrigation Districts; Water Management; Agriculture; Performance Evaluation; Farms; USA, Arizona; Water management; Farms and farming DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006360228610 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnostic analysis of the Maricopa-Stanfield Irrigation and Drainage District area AN - 17614982; 4756858 AB - Diagnostic Analysis (DA) is a methodology for assessing and understanding the performance of an agricultural system. This analysis is the first step in a large system change process, known as the Management Improvement Program (MIP), whose objective is to improve the performance of the agricultural system. A group of Federal and state of Arizona agencies agreed to apply the MIP methodology in a western U.S. setting. The purpose of the application was to test the applicability of the MIP approach and to refine the methodology. This paper describes how the DA methodology was applied in the Maricopa-Stanfield Irrigation and Drainage District (MSIDD) area in central Arizona, USA, and summarizes the lessons derived from that experience. Specific findings of the DA study and the response of MSIDD area agriculture to those findings are discussed in separate articles. JF - Irrigation and Drainage Systems AU - Dedrick, A R AU - Bautista, E AU - Clyma, W AU - Levine, D B AU - Rish, SA AU - Clemmens, A J AD - USDA-ARS National Program Staff, 5601 Sunnyside Ave., Beltsville, Md. 20705-5140, USA Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 41 EP - 67 VL - 14 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-6291, 0168-6291 KW - USA KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Management Planning KW - Land KW - Irrigation (see also Land treatment) KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Irrigation Districts KW - Cultivation KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17614982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.atitle=Diagnostic+analysis+of+the+Maricopa-Stanfield+Irrigation+and+Drainage+District+area&rft.au=Dedrick%2C+A+R%3BBautista%2C+E%3BClyma%2C+W%3BLevine%2C+D+B%3BRish%2C+SA%3BClemmens%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Dedrick&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.issn=01686291&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006367315969 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irrigation Districts; Performance Evaluation; Agriculture; Management Planning; Cultivated Lands; USA; Irrigation (see also Land treatment); Cultivation; Land DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006367315969 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bird aversive properties of methyl anthranilate, yucca, Xanthoxylum, and their mixtures AN - 17601387; 4731773 AB - We tested the bird aversive properties of methyl anthranilate, yucca extracts, and Xanthoxylum spp. extracts in one- and two-bottle drinking assays that used European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). In one- and two-bottle tests, methyl anthranilate proved to be the more potent stimulus in producing an avoidance response. Starlings avoided consuming Xanthoxylum and yucca only in the two-bottle tests. Previous studies showed that yucca was a good adjuvant in stabilizing lipophilic compounds in water. Starlings did not avoid binary mixtures of methyl anthranilate and yucca differently from what would be expected if they were only responding to the solution's methyl anthranilate content. However, yucca enhanced the aversive qualities of Xanthoxylum. The ability to identify mode of action for repellency and synergistic combinations of chemicals derived from natural products for use in repellent mixtures is an important aspect of the development of cost-effective, environmentally safe repellents for use in conflict resolution between humans and wildlife. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Clark, L AU - Bryant, B AU - Mezine, I AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 La Porte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1219 EP - 1234 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - European starling KW - methyl anthranilate KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Yucca KW - Control programs KW - Wildlife KW - Pest control KW - Repellents KW - Sturnus vulgaris KW - Secondary metabolites KW - Xanthoxylum KW - R 18060:Others KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25886:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17601387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Bird+aversive+properties+of+methyl+anthranilate%2C+yucca%2C+Xanthoxylum%2C+and+their+mixtures&rft.au=Clark%2C+L%3BBryant%2C+B%3BMezine%2C+I&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005436111630 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yucca; Xanthoxylum; Sturnus vulgaris; Control programs; Secondary metabolites; Repellents; Pest control; Wildlife DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005436111630 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of White Phosphorus Residues in Ducks: An Atomic Emission Detection/Compound-Independent Calibration-Based Method of Generating Residue Data for Risk Assessment and Environmental Monitoring AN - 17598517; 4731933 AB - Analysis of phosphorus concentrations in the gizzards of ducks harvested from munitions sites is necessary to ascertain if acute phosphorus toxicity was the cause of death and to estimate potential secondary hazards to predators and scavengers, such as eagles that readily consume the dead ducks. Gas chromatography/atomic emission detection analysis permitted compound-independent quantification of white phosphorus standards following analysis of the stable phosphorus-containing compound triethyl phosphate. The white phosphorus standards were then used to quantify white phosphorus residues in duck gizzard extracts by gas chromatography/flame photometric detection analysis. For gizzards containing less than 0.01 mu g of phosphorus, quantification was based on a three-point calibration curve. For gizzards containing 0.01 mu g or more of white phosphorus, single-point calibration was used. Mean recoveries for phosphorus-fortified (0.03-3000 mu g) gizzards ranged from 73 to 91%. The method limit of detection was 0.013 mu g of phosphorus. This method was successfully applied to the quantification of white phosphorus in ducks collected from Eagle River Flats, AK. Potential applications to risk assessment and environmental monitoring are also discussed. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Johnston, J J AU - Goldade, DA AU - Kohler, D J AU - Cummings, J L AD - Analytical Chemistry Project and Bird Research Program, USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, john.j.johnston.@usda.gov Y1 - 2000/05/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 01 SP - 1856 EP - 1861 VL - 34 IS - 9 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Birds KW - USA, Alaska, Eagle River Flats KW - ducks KW - munitions KW - white phosphorus KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - USA, Alaska KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Wildlife KW - Phosphorus KW - Pollution effects KW - Aves KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Gas chromatography KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Atomic absorption analysis KW - Aquatic birds KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17598517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+White+Phosphorus+Residues+in+Ducks%3A+An+Atomic+Emission+Detection%2FCompound-Independent+Calibration-Based+Method+of+Generating+Residue+Data+for+Risk+Assessment+and+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BGoldade%2C+DA%3BKohler%2C+D+J%3BCummings%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes991050a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Bioaccumulation; Pollutant persistence; Phosphorus; Pollution effects; Aquatic birds; Gas chromatography; Atomic absorption analysis; Risk assessment; Environmental monitoring; Wildlife; Aves; USA, Alaska DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es991050a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lessons from the demonstration Management Improvement Program AN - 17561168; 4756859 AB - The Management Improvement Program, a process based on Organizational Development principles and methods, was applied to an irrigated agricultural system in Arizona, USA. The MIP seeks to improve management and performance of the agricultural system through structured diagnosis, planning, and implementation activities with the participation of system stakeholders. An equally important objective of the demonstration project was to identify strengths and shortcomings of the MIP methodology and to generate recommendations for managing its future applications. The data used to analyze the demonstration project's management were obtained through formal interviews and informal conversations with individual participants, program review and feedback sessions, and records of meetings and individual communications. Lessons about the project's management are categorized in six areas: the initial exploration phase, initial planning, participant on-boarding, formation of the process management team, development of the local control group, and evaluation of the project. A key aspect of conducting a change process such as the MIP for improving the performance of agricultural systems, is that issues affecting the system may be difficult to identify early in the process or may require longer-term solutions, extending beyond the life of the formal process. Because of this uncertainty, a detailed action plan, the role of participants, and measures for evaluating progress or impact are also likely to be uncertain early in the project. Nevertheless, it is critical that the application, including these elements, be defined as concisely as possible, especially relative to scope and funding, while still allowing the flexibility to address a potentially wider range of issues. Given the nature of the MIP, those responsible for its management need to be technically proficient, experienced with team management techniques, sensitive to the local political environment of natural resource management, and when necessary, willing to challenge stakeholders' initial understandings of issues. JF - Irrigation and Drainage Systems AU - Bautista, E AU - Rish, SA AU - Le Clere, WE AU - Dedrick, A R AU - Levine, D B AU - Clyma, W AD - USDA-ARS U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 69 EP - 91 VL - 14 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-6291, 0168-6291 KW - USA, Arizona KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - water resources planning KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Water Management KW - Irrigation KW - Water Resources Management KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17561168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.atitle=Lessons+from+the+demonstration+Management+Improvement+Program&rft.au=Bautista%2C+E%3BRish%2C+SA%3BLe+Clere%2C+WE%3BDedrick%2C+A+R%3BLevine%2C+D+B%3BClyma%2C+W&rft.aulast=Bautista&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.issn=01686291&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006383606631 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Management; Irrigation; Agriculture; Performance Evaluation; Water Resources Management; water resources planning DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006383606631 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic Variability in the Pigment Complement of Aquatic Tracheophytes AN - 17559808; 4749477 AB - The pigment complements of five emergent aquatic tracheophyte species were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The species were chosen to represent major taxa and included Equisetum palustre L., a pteridophyte; Glyceria fluitans (L.) Robert Brown, a monocot; and three dicots, Callitriche sp., Veronica beccabunga L., and Ranunculus sceleratus L. The samples had been taken from the same site on the same date and time of day. Cluster analysis of the results for each sample revealed that several of the species are distinct from the others in the quantitative composition of their pigment complements. However, these distinctions do not reflect phylogenetic differences among the major taxa. It is concluded that differences in the chloroplast genomes that have been used to trace the phylogenetic development of the plants are not reflected in the phenotypic characteristics of the pigment complement. JF - Limnologica AU - Heckman, C W AU - Deventer, B AD - Olympia Forest Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States Forest Service, Olympia, USA Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 121 EP - 130 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0075-9511, 0075-9511 KW - tracheophytes KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquatic Plants KW - Pigments KW - Liquid Chromatography KW - Taxonomy KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17559808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnologica&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+Variability+in+the+Pigment+Complement+of+Aquatic+Tracheophytes&rft.au=Heckman%2C+C+W%3BDeventer%2C+B&rft.aulast=Heckman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnologica&rft.issn=00759511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic Plants; Pigments; Liquid Chromatography; Taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual maturation and temporal variation of neural responses in adult Colorado potato beetles to volatiles emitted by potato plants AN - 17550430; 4731776 AB - Neural responses of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata to volatiles emitted by potato plants, Solanum tuberosum L were investigated. Amplitudes of electroantennograms to measured amounts of a standard odorant, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, increased from day of emergence through at least six to eight days of adulthood. Among 20 potato volatiles examined, several constitutive compounds, e.g., the green leaf volatiles (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, and systemic volatiles released primarily in response to insect feeding, e.g., ( plus or minus )-linalool, nonanal, methyl salicylate, and indole, were the most effective stimuli. A statistic called linear age-skew (linear orthogonal polynomial) was used to examine differences in responses to potato volatiles between young and mature CPB. Based on plots of linear age-skew and overall neural responsiveness, 10 volatiles could be identified for which responses increased at a rate similar to or greater than the standard. The results are discussed with regard to the relationship of the CPB to its host plant and developmental studies of insect sensory responses to chemical signals. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Dickens, J C AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Plant Sciences Institute, Vegetable Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1265 EP - 1280 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Coleoptera KW - Colorado Potato Beetle KW - Leaf beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Orientation KW - Attraction KW - Host plants KW - Maturation KW - Volatiles KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18054:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17550430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Sexual+maturation+and+temporal+variation+of+neural+responses+in+adult+Colorado+potato+beetles+to+volatiles+emitted+by+potato+plants&rft.au=Dickens%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005492229377 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Chrysomelidae; Solanum tuberosum; Orientation; Volatiles; Attraction; Maturation; Host plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005492229377 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of phlD-containing Pseudomonas strains isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat AN - 17544107; 4724056 AB - Production of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) in the rhizosphere by strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. results in the suppression of root diseases caused by certain fungal plant pathogens. In this study, fluorescent Pseudomonas strains containing phlD, which is directly involved in the biosynthesis of 2,4-DAPG, were isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat grown in soils from wheat-growing regions of the United States and The Netherlands. To assess the genotypic and phenotypic diversity present in this collection, 138 isolates were compared to 4 previously described 2,4-DAPG producers. Thirteen distinct genotypes, one of which represented over 30% of the isolates, were differentiated by whole-cell BOX-PCR. Representatives of this group were isolated from eight different soils taken from four different geographic locations. ERIC-PCR gave similar results overall, differentiating 15 distinct genotypes among all of the isolates. In most cases, a single genotype predominated among isolates obtained from each soil. Thirty isolates, representing all of the distinct genotypes and geographic locations, were further characterized. Restriction analysis of amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed only three distinct phylogenetic groups, one of which accounted for 87% of the isolates. Phenotypic analyses based on carbon source utilization profiles revealed that all of the strains utilized 49 substrates and were unable to grow on 12 others. Individually, strains could utilize about two-thirds of the 95 substrates present in Biolog SF-N plates. Multivariate analyses of utilization profiles revealed phenotypic groupings consistent with those defined by the genotypic analyses. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - McSpadden Gardener, BB AU - Schroeder, K L AU - Kalloger, SE AU - Raaijmakers, J M AU - Thomashow, L S AU - Weller, D M AD - Root Disease and Biological Control Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA, mcspadde@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1939 EP - 1946 VL - 66 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol KW - phlD gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Rhizosphere microorganisms KW - Biological control KW - Antifungal agents KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Genotyping KW - Pseudomonas KW - Phenotyping KW - Soil-borne diseases KW - Take-all KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17544107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genotypic+and+phenotypic+diversity+of+phlD-containing+Pseudomonas+strains+isolated+from+the+rhizosphere+of+wheat&rft.au=McSpadden+Gardener%2C+BB%3BSchroeder%2C+K+L%3BKalloger%2C+SE%3BRaaijmakers%2C+J+M%3BThomashow%2C+L+S%3BWeller%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=McSpadden+Gardener&rft.aufirst=BB&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1939&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.66.5.1939-1946.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; Biological control; Genotyping; Phenotyping; Rhizosphere microorganisms; Take-all; Soil-borne diseases; Polymerase chain reaction; Nucleotide sequence; Antifungal agents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.5.1939-1946.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fecal shedding of Campylobacter and Arcobacter spp. in dairy cattle AN - 17539298; 4724065 AB - Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Arcobacter spp. were detected in feces of healthy dairy cows by highly specific multiplex-PCR assays. For C. jejuni, at this one-time sampling, cows from 80.6% of farm operations (n = 31) and 37.7% of individual dairy cattle fecal samples (n = 2,085) were positive. Farm management factors were correlated with prevalence in herds in which >25% of cows were positive for C. jejuni. Statistical significance was set at a P of 0.20. Using these criteria, application of manure with broadcast spreaders (P = 0.17), feeding of whole cottonseed or hulls (P = 0.17) or alfalfa (P = 0.15), and accessibility of feed to birds (P = 0.17) were identified as possible risk factors for C. jejuni infection. C. coli was detected in at least one animal in 19.4% of operations and 1.8% of individual cows (n = 2,085). At the herd level, use of broadcaster spreaders was not a risk factor for C. coli infection. For Arcobacter, cows from 71% of dairy operations (n = 31) and 14.3% of individual dairy cattle fecal samples (n = 1,682) were positive. At the herd level, for Arcobacter spp., feeding of alfalfa (P = 0.11) and use of individual waterers (P = 0.19) were protective. This is the first description of Arcobacter spp. in clinically healthy dairy cattle and the first attempt to correlate their presence with C. jejuni. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Wesley, I V AU - Wells, S J AU - Harmon, K M AU - Green, A AU - Schroeder-Tucker, L AU - Glover, M AU - Siddique, I AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, iwesley@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1994 EP - 2000 VL - 66 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Dairy cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fecal microflora KW - Risk factors KW - Enteritis KW - Statistical analysis KW - Disease reservoirs KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Campylobacter KW - Feces KW - Arcobacter KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17539298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fecal+shedding+of+Campylobacter+and+Arcobacter+spp.+in+dairy+cattle&rft.au=Wesley%2C+I+V%3BWells%2C+S+J%3BHarmon%2C+K+M%3BGreen%2C+A%3BSchroeder-Tucker%2C+L%3BGlover%2C+M%3BSiddique%2C+I&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1994&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.66.5.1994-2000.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter; Arcobacter; Enteritis; Disease reservoirs; Feces; Fecal microflora; Polymerase chain reaction; Risk factors; Statistical analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.5.1994-2000.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accounting for the distributional impacts of policy in the green accounts AN - 17534308; 4718604 AB - Green income accounting models are designed to appropriately value changes in a country's natural resource (natural capital) base. However, green NNP is useful as a guide for domestic and international policy only to the extent that it accurately reflects the economic goals and policy options of policy makers. For example, international policy designed to slow natural capital depletion in a developing country is more effective if policy makers recognize the developing country's perceived income effects of the policy. Traditional green accounting models do not satisfy this criterion because they are based on the assumption that policy makers are either not concerned with the distributional consequences of policies, and/or are not limited in the instruments available to them. We present an alternative green NNP measure that reflects distributional goals and policy implementation. Using this measure, the depletion (accumulation) of natural capital stocks in excess of economically efficient rates may increase income. JF - Environment and Development Economics AU - Horan, R D AU - Hrubovcak, J AU - Shortle, J S AU - Bulte, E H AD - Agricultural Economist, RED/ERS/USDA, Room 4015, 1800 M St., Washington, D.C. 20036-5831, USA, rhoran@econ.ag.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 95 EP - 108 VL - 5 IS - 1-2 SN - 1355-770X, 1355-770X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental accounting KW - Government policies KW - Sustainable development KW - Conservation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17534308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+and+Development+Economics&rft.atitle=Accounting+for+the+distributional+impacts+of+policy+in+the+green+accounts&rft.au=Horan%2C+R+D%3BHrubovcak%2C+J%3BShortle%2C+J+S%3BBulte%2C+E+H&rft.aulast=Horan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+and+Development+Economics&rft.issn=1355770X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS1355770X00000073 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conservation; Environmental accounting; Sustainable development; Government policies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X00000073 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitive Method for Testing Peanut Seed Lots for Peanut stripe and Peanut mottle viruses by Immunocapture-Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction AN - 17523661; 4710807 AB - An immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) method was developed for testing peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seed lots for infection by Peanut stripe virus (PStV) and Peanut mottle virus (PeMV). A small slice was removed from each seed distal to the radicle of a random 100-seed sample, the slices were extracted in buffer and centrifuged, and a portion of the supernatant was incubated in a tube that had been coated with antiserum to either PStV or PeMV. Following immunocapture of the virus, the tube was washed, the RT-PCR mix (with primers designed from conserved sequences within the capsid region of each virus) was placed in the same tubes, and the test completed. Results obtained on 15 previously untested seed lots from the collection indicated good correlation between virus detected by the IC-RT-PCR method and virus detected from the same seed lots by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IC-RT-PCR method detected three lots infected with PeMV and none with PStV from 106 seed lots grown in Ecuador (results confirmed by ELISA). The IC-RT-PCR method is more sensitive than ELISA (currently used on samples consisting of five seeds), is useful for testing large numbers of seed lots of peanut germ plasm, and could be adapted to test other plants and detect other viruses. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gillaspie, AG Jr AU - Pittman, R N AU - Pinnow, D L AU - Cassidy, B G AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA, s9gg@ars-grin.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 559 EP - 561 VL - 84 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Ecuador KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Peanut mottle virus KW - Peanut stripe virus KW - Detection KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17523661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Sensitive+Method+for+Testing+Peanut+Seed+Lots+for+Peanut+stripe+and+Peanut+mottle+viruses+by+Immunocapture-Reverse+Transcription-Polymerase+Chain+Reaction&rft.au=Gillaspie%2C+AG+Jr%3BPittman%2C+R+N%3BPinnow%2C+D+L%3BCassidy%2C+B+G&rft.aulast=Gillaspie&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peanut stripe virus; Peanut mottle virus; Arachis hypogaea; Detection; Polymerase chain reaction; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in patterns of fertilizer nitrogen use in Asia and its consequences for N sub(2)O emissions from agricultural systems AN - 16134061; 5379731 AB - In most soils, formation and emissions of N sub(2)O to the atmosphere are enhanced by an increase in available mineral nitrogen (N) through increased rates of nitrification and denitrification. Therefore, addition of N, whether in the form of organic or inorganic compounds eventually leads to enhanced N sub(2)O emissions. Global N sub(2)O emissions from agricultural systems have previously been related primarily to fertilizer N input from synthetic sources. Little attention has been paid to N input from other N sources or to the N sub(2)O produced from N that has moved through agricultural systems. In a new methodology used to estimate N sub(2)O emissions on the country or regional scale, that is briefly described in this paper, the anthropogenic N input data used include synthetic fertilizer, animal waste (feces and urine) used as fertilizer, N derived from enhanced biological N-fixation through N sub(2) fixing crops and crop residue returned to the field. Using FAO database information which includes data on synthetic fertilizer consumption, live animal production and crop production and estimates of N input from recycling of animal and crop N, estimates of total N into Asian agricultural systems and resulting N sub(2)O emissions are described over the time period 1961 through 1994. During this time the quantity and relative amounts of different types of materials applied to agricultural soils in Asia as nitrogen (N) fertilizer have changed dramatically. In 1961, using the earliest entry from the FAO database, of the approximately 15.7 Tg of fertilizer N applied to agricultural fields 2.1 Tg N (13.5% of total N applied) was from synthetic sources, approximately 6.9 Tg N from animal wastes, 1.7 Tg N from biological N-fixation, and another 5 Tg N from reutilization of crop residue. In 1994, 40.2 Tg from synthetic fertilizer N (57.8% of total), 14.2 Tg from animal wastes, 2.5 Tg from biological N-fixation and 12.6 Tg from crop residue totalling 69.5 Tg N were utilized within agricultural soils in all Asian countries. The increases in N utilization have increased the emission of nitrous oxide from agricultural systems. Estimated N sub(2)O from agricultural systems in Asia increased from about 0.8 Tg N sub(2)O-N in 1961 to about 2.1 in 1994. The period of time when increases in N input and resulting N sub(2)O emissions were greatest was during 1970-1990. This evaluation of N input into Asian agricultural systems and the resulting N sub(2)O emissions demonstrates the large change in global agriculture that has occurred in recent decades. Because of the increased need for food production increases in N input are likely. Although the rate of increase of N input and N sub(2)O emissions during the 1990s appears to have declined, we ask if this slowed rate of increase is a general long term trend or if global food production pressures will tend to accelerate N input demand and resulting N sub(2)O emissions as we move into the 21st century. JF - Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems AU - Mosier, A R AU - Zhaoliang, Z AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA, amosier@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 107 EP - 117 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 1385-1314, 1385-1314 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Historical account KW - Fertilizers KW - Animal wastes KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Emissions KW - Asia KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Nitrogen KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16134061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.atitle=Changes+in+patterns+of+fertilizer+nitrogen+use+in+Asia+and+its+consequences+for+N+sub%282%29O+emissions+from+agricultural+systems&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R%3BZhaoliang%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.issn=13851314&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Historical account; Fertilizers; Animal wastes; Nitrous oxide; Emissions; Greenhouse gases; Nitrogen; Asia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoter elements involved in the expression of the Aspergillus parasiticus aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway gene avnA. AN - 71035767; 10760564 AB - One of the early genes in aflatoxin biosynthesis, avnA, encodes a pathway-specific cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the polyketide anthraquinone, averantin. Based on beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, promoter sites upstream of -118 bp in the 367-bp verB-avnA intergenic region are not required for avnA gene activity. Therefore, only the -100 to -110 site of the four putative binding sites for AFLR, the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway transcription regulatory protein (consensus binding sequence: 5'-TCGN(5)CGR-3') was required for elevated avnA expression. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Cary, J W AU - Montalbano, B G AU - Ehrlich, K C AD - Southern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, PO Box 19687, 1100 R.E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA, USA. jcary@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04/25/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 25 SP - 7 EP - 12 VL - 1491 IS - 1-3 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Plasmids KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71035767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Promoter+elements+involved+in+the+expression+of+the+Aspergillus+parasiticus+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+pathway+gene+avnA.&rft.au=Cary%2C+J+W%3BMontalbano%2C+B+G%3BEhrlich%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-04-25&rft.volume=1491&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-06 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An efficient cost-sharing program to reduce nonpoint-source contamination: theory and an application to groundwater contamination AN - 17661780; 4722848 AB - This research evaluates the economics of cost-sharing improved irrigation technologies to reduce agricultural, nonpoint-source contamination. Irrigation and fertilization inefficiencies are modeled within a nonjoint production process to evaluate both private and public costs of technology adoption and its effect on groundwater nitrate-contamination levels. A central Nebraska application indicates that even without a current government subsidy, a farmer is economically better off switching from gravity-flow to surge-flow irrigation rather than a center-pivot system. An annual government subsidy of $22.50 (US$) per hectare per year is required over the life of a center-pivot system to make the farmer financially indifferent. However, cost-sharing center-pivot adoption improves the groundwater contamination level, while other irrigation systems result in continued deterioration of groundwater quality. JF - Environmental Geology AU - Kim, C S AU - Schaible, G D AU - Daberkow, S G AD - Resource Economics Division, Rm. 4056, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1800 M Street NW, Washington DC 20036-5831, USA, ckim@econ.ag.gov Y1 - 2000/04/18/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 18 SP - 649 EP - 659 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - USA, Nebraska KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Contamination KW - Nitrates KW - Environmental economics KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Irrigation KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Model Studies KW - Water pollution control KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Fertilizers KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Cost Sharing KW - Technology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17661780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology&rft.atitle=An+efficient+cost-sharing+program+to+reduce+nonpoint-source+contamination%3A+theory+and+an+application+to+groundwater+contamination&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BSchaible%2C+G+D%3BDaberkow%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-04-18&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geology&rft.issn=09430105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water pollution control; Fertilizers; Environmental economics; Nitrates; Contamination; Agricultural pollution; Irrigation; Groundwater pollution; Nonpoint pollution; Water Pollution Control; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Groundwater Pollution; Cost Sharing; Model Studies; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating parameters for a dual-porosity model to describe non-equilibrium, reactive transport in a fine-textured soil AN - 17513264; 4702158 AB - Several models have recently been proposed to describe solute transport in two or more mobile regions, yet there have been relatively few attempts to calibrate these models for a particular soil. In this study, a dual-porosity approach is used to describe the steady-state reactive transport of a Br super(-) tracer through a fine-textured Ultisol over a range of pore-water velocities and levels of soil-water saturation. This model partitions the soil into two mobile regions that represent the soil matrix and macropores. Theory and methodology are presented to estimate dispersive transport and adsorption in each region and diffusive exchange between regions for soil columns subjected to steady-state water flow. Numerical inversion of the governing transport equations was used in conjunction with non-linear least-squares optimization to estimate transport parameters for displacement experiments. Pore-water velocity and water content were independently estimated for each region using a pair of displacement experiments conducted on the same column but at different degrees of saturation. Results suggest that the fitted mass exchange coefficient represents a lumped process resulting from the combined effects of intra-aggregate diffusion and local flow variations. We also conclude that when there is limited interaction between regions, the mass transfer coefficient should be estimated independently. A principal difficulty of the application of the dual-porosity model was the non-linear behavior of the diffusive exchange term at early times after a step change in inlet concentration. Another problem was that fitted solutions predicted nearly all adsorption sites to be in equilibrium with solute in the macropore region rather than with solute in the matrix region. Despite these difficulties, the dual-porosity model led to differentiation of transport processes that corresponded to observed structural differences in soil horizons. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Schwartz, R C AU - Juo, ASR AU - McInnes, K J AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA, rschwart@ag.gov Y1 - 2000/04/17/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 17 SP - 149 EP - 167 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 229 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Saturated Soils KW - Tracers KW - Solute Transport KW - Porosity KW - Soil Types KW - Geology KW - Macropores KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17513264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Estimating+parameters+for+a+dual-porosity+model+to+describe+non-equilibrium%2C+reactive+transport+in+a+fine-textured+soil&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+R+C%3BJuo%2C+ASR%3BMcInnes%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-04-17&rft.volume=229&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2800%2900164-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Porosity; Solute Transport; Tracers; Macropores; Saturated Soils; Geology; Soil Types DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00164-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire history in the ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests on the east slope of the Washington Cascades AN - 17503909; 4687047 AB - We collected 490 and 233 fire scars on two ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)/Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) dominated landscapes on the east slope of the Washington Cascades that contained a record of 3901 and 2309 cross-dated fire events. During the pre-settlement period (1700/1750-1860), the Weibull median fire-free interval (WMFFI) and the mean fire-free interval (MFFI) were 6.6-7 years at both sites. The MFFI during the settlement period (1860-1910) varied within 3 years of the pre-settlement value, but increased to 38 and 43 years for a truncated fire suppression period between 1910 and 1996. Increased variation in MFFI among aspect polygons suggests fire regimes have become more complex since Euro-settlement. In the pre-settlement period, an area equal to approximately 50-60% of the study areas burned every 6-7 years, an amount of fire disturbance apparently in balance with landscape and stand vegetation structure. Overlapping fires have created a complex mosaic of different fire histories on these forested landscapes. Mapped fire events from the 1700-1910 showed 134 and 157 separate fire history polygons (FHP) at the two sites. Fire disturbance rates and patterns are suggested as ecologically defensible reference points for landscape heterogeneity to reduce the potential for catastrophic fires and to establish vegetation disturbance management guidelines. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Everett, R L AD - USDA Forestry Sciences Laboratory and USDA Forest Service, 1133 N. Western Avenue Wenatchee, WA USA Y1 - 2000/04/17/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 17 SP - 207 EP - 225 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 129 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Douglas fir KW - Douglas spruce KW - Black pine KW - Bull pine KW - Jeffrey pine KW - Ponderosa pine KW - Western yellow pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Fires KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Pinus jeffreyi KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17503909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Fire+history+in+the+ponderosa+pine%2FDouglas-fir+forests+on+the+east+slope+of+the+Washington+Cascades&rft.au=Everett%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-04-17&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900168-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus jeffreyi; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Fires; Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00168-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide-induced calcium dysregulation in PC12 cells. AN - 71219169; 10889452 AB - The mechanisms of H(2)O(2)-induced elevated calcium baselines in PC12 cells were investigated in the present study by using fura-2-fluorescent image analysis. The results showed that the calcium comes from both intracellular and extracellular sources. Although the major intracellular source was mitochondria, only the extracellular calcium influx was responsible for the sustained post-H(2)O(2)-exposure increases. This calcium influx was partially blocked by calcium channel antagonists [verapamil (L-type) or mibefradil (nonselective)] and was more effectively blocked by the sodium channel antagonist, tetrodotoxin (TTX). Membrane depolarization following H(2)O(2) exposure contributed to the opening of the ion channels. The H(2)O(2)-induced calcium influx was blocked by TTX even in a sodium-free buffer, indicating that calcium directly fluxed through sodium channels. Sodium-calcium exchangers (NCX) on the plasma membrane did not play a role, because use of a specific reverse mode NCX inhibitor, No. 7943, was ineffective in blocking the influx. The H(2)O(2)-induced calcium influx was mimicked by using a thiol-selective oxidizing reagent, 2', 2'-dithiodipyridine, and in both situations, the calcium levels were completely reversed by a thiol-selective reducing reagent, dithiothreitol. Our results indicated that mechanisms of oxidant-induced elevated calcium baselines in PC12 cells involved calcium influx through sodium and calcium channels that may be directly or indirectly attributed to thiol oxidation. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Wang, H AU - Joseph, J A AD - Neuroscience Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. Y1 - 2000/04/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 15 SP - 1222 EP - 1231 VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - 2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate KW - 0 KW - Barbiturates KW - Calcium Channel Blockers KW - Disulfides KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Isoxazoles KW - Oxidants KW - Sodium Channels KW - Sodium-Calcium Exchanger KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol KW - 110425-49-5 KW - 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide KW - 2127-03-9 KW - Mibefradil KW - 27B90X776A KW - Tetrodotoxin KW - 4368-28-9 KW - 2,2'-Dipyridyl KW - 551W113ZEP KW - Clonazepam KW - 5PE9FDE8GB KW - omega-Conotoxin GVIA KW - 92078-76-7 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Verapamil KW - CJ0O37KU29 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Thiourea KW - GYV9AM2QAG KW - Dithiothreitol KW - T8ID5YZU6Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ion Transport -- drug effects KW - Mibefradil -- pharmacology KW - Sodium-Calcium Exchanger -- metabolism KW - Verapamil -- pharmacology KW - Thiourea -- analogs & derivatives KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Rats KW - Calcium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Mitochondria -- drug effects KW - Sodium-Calcium Exchanger -- drug effects KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- physiology KW - Disulfides -- pharmacology KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - 2,2'-Dipyridyl -- analogs & derivatives KW - Intracellular Fluid -- metabolism KW - 2,2'-Dipyridyl -- pharmacology KW - Clonazepam -- pharmacology KW - Extracellular Space -- metabolism KW - Thiourea -- pharmacology KW - Dithiothreitol -- pharmacology KW - Mitochondria -- metabolism KW - Membrane Potentials -- drug effects KW - omega-Conotoxin GVIA -- pharmacology KW - Tetrodotoxin -- pharmacology KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Sodium Channels -- drug effects KW - Calcium Signaling -- drug effects KW - PC12 Cells -- metabolism KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - PC12 Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71219169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+hydrogen+peroxide-induced+calcium+dysregulation+in+PC12+cells.&rft.au=Wang%2C+H%3BJoseph%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-04-15&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of culture vessels, media volume, culture density, and carbon dioxide levels on lettuce and spearmint shoot growth in vitro AN - 17601983; 4722261 AB - The influence of culture chamber capacity, medium volume and culture density on the growth yields of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) shoots were determined in an environment containing either 350 or 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO2 after 8 weeks of incubation. High positive correlations occurred between the culture vessel capacity and spearmint fresh weight, leaf number, root number, and shoot number. Similarly, high positive correlations occurred between culture vessel capacity and lettuce fresh weight, leaf number, and root number. Higher fresh weights, leaf numbers, and root numbers were obtained from lettuce and spearmint shoots when cultured in 1-quart Mason jars containing 100- or 150-ml aliquots of medium compared to jars containing 25- or 50-ml aliquots of medium within an environment containing either 350 or 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO2. High culture density decreased growth yields, and this phenomenon could only be slightly off-set by the employment of an elevated CO2 environment or larger culture vessels. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Tisserat, B AU - Silman, R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2000/04/12/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 12 SP - 464 EP - 471 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Lettuce KW - carbon dioxide KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Shoots KW - Lactuca sativa KW - Mentha spicata KW - Media (culture) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17601983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+culture+vessels%2C+media+volume%2C+culture+density%2C+and+carbon+dioxide+levels+on+lettuce+and+spearmint+shoot+growth+in+vitro&rft.au=Tisserat%2C+B%3BSilman%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tisserat&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-04-12&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactuca sativa; Mentha spicata; Media (culture); Shoots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Augmentation of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella typhimurium DT104 following exposure to penicillin derivatives AN - 17515985; 4702629 AB - Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has been a problem in both developed and developing countries. This problem is especially evident in Salmonella typhimurium, one of the most prevalent foodborne pathogens. While performing in vitro gentamicin protection-based invasion assays, we found that certain isolates of multiresistant S. typhimurium can be `induced' to exhibit new resistance profiles. That is, bacteria become resistant to a wider range of antibiotics and they also exhibit quantitative increases in MIC values for antibiotics that were part of their pre-induction antibiograms. This `induction' process involves growing the bacteria to stationary phase in the presence of antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin or ticarcillin. Since the isolates studied exhibited resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin and ticarcillin prior to exposing the bacteria to these antibiotics, the observed phenomenon suggests that resistant Salmonella not only have a selective advantage over non-resistant Salmonella but their resistance phenotypes can be accentuated when an inappropriate antibiotic is used therapeutically. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Carlson, SA AU - Ferris, KE AD - Pre-harvest Food Safety and Enteric Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA, scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04/02/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 02 SP - 25 EP - 35 VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - amoxicillin KW - ampicillin KW - ticarcillin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Amoxicillin KW - Ampicillin KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Penicillin KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17515985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Augmentation+of+antibiotic+resistance+in+Salmonella+typhimurium+DT104+following+exposure+to+penicillin+derivatives&rft.au=Carlson%2C+SA%3BFerris%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2000-04-02&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1135%2800%2900154-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Penicillin; Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; ticarcillin; Antibiotic resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00154-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective media for isolation of Brucella abortus strain RB51 AN - 17512920; 4702631 AB - Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) is the standard vaccine used to protect cattle against brucellosis and is currently being used to vaccinate bison in the United States (US). Currently available media for culture of Brucella have not been evaluated for their ability to support growth of SRB51. In this study, five selective media for isolating brucellae, four commercially available media for gram-negative bacteria, and tryptose agar with 5% bovine serum (TSA) were compared to two SRB51 selective media developed in this study (rifampin brucellae medium (RBM), and malachite green brucellae medium (MGB)), for their ability to support growth and enhance recovery of SRB51. Four of the five media currently used for isolation of brucellae and two of the four media used for other Gram-negative bacteria did not support growth of SRB51. Modified Kuzdas and Morse (MKM), Brilliant Green, Skirrow's, RBM, and MGB supported growth of SRB51 in a manner similar to TSA. Recovery of SRB51 from tissues of SRB51-vaccinated bison was attempted on TSA, MKM, RBM, and MGB. From a total of 436 samples, SRB51 was isolated from 9.6, 4.3, 5.5, and 9.0% on TSA, MKM, RBM, or MGB media, respectively. Strain RB51 was recovered on only one medium (nine on TSA; three on RBM; and 9 on MGB) from 21 samples. Overgrowth of contaminating bacteria prevented potential detection of SRB51 from 9.4, 5.5, 0.07, and 5.9% of samples on TSA, MKM, RBM, or MGB, respectively. These data suggest that the use of RBM and MGB, in combination with TSA, enhances the ability to recover SRB51 from tissue samples. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Hornsby, R L AU - Jensen, A E AU - Olsen, S C AU - Thoen, C O AD - Zoonotic Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA, solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04/02/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 02 SP - 51 EP - 60 VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - tryptose KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Agar KW - Serum KW - Brucella abortus KW - Isolation KW - Media (selective) KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17512920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Selective+media+for+isolation+of+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51&rft.au=Hornsby%2C+R+L%3BJensen%2C+A+E%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BThoen%2C+C+O&rft.aulast=Hornsby&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-04-02&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1135%2800%2900149-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; Media (selective); Isolation; Agar; Serum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00149-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of temperature modulation and bvg mutation of Bordetella bronchiseptica on adhesion, intracellular survival and cytotoxicity for swine alveolar macrophages AN - 17510863; 4702627 AB - Bordetella bronchiseptica causes respiratory disease in swine, yet there are no studies examining the interaction of B. bronchiseptica with swine alveolar macrophages. A swine isolate of B. bronchiseptica was able to adhere to, and survive intracellularly in, swine alveolar macrophages, but the relative ability of the bacteria to accomplish these functions was dependent on its phenotypic phase and culture conditions. More bacteria were observed extracellularly as well as intracellularly by immunofluorescent staining when B. bronchiseptica was cultured at 23 degree C as compared to 37 degree C. However, more bacteria cultured at 37 degree C were found surviving intracellularly after the macrophages were cultured with polymyxin B to kill extracellular bacteria. Similar results were seen in experiments performed with an isogenic Bvg super(-) phase-locked mutant of B. bronchiseptica cultured at 37 or 23 degree C, indicating that another temperature dependent mechanism in addition to bvg may play a role in adhesion and intracellular survival. B. bronchiseptica was cytotoxic for swine alveolar macrophages in the Bvg super(+) phase only. The cytotoxicity of B. bronchiseptica for alveolar macrophages, and its ability to survive phagocytosis, are no doubt important to escape from immune clearance mechanisms and establish infection, and could leave the host susceptible to secondary respiratory pathogens. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Register, K B AD - Avian and Swine Respiratory Diseases Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA, sbrockme@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04/02/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 02 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - bvg gene KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Macrophages KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - Alveoli KW - Cell adhesion KW - J 02862:Infection KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17510863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+temperature+modulation+and+bvg+mutation+of+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+on+adhesion%2C+intracellular+survival+and+cytotoxicity+for+swine+alveolar+macrophages&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L%3BRegister%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-04-02&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1135%2899%2900201-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; Macrophages; Alveoli; Temperature effects; Cell adhesion; Cytotoxicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00201-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward an Integrated Classification of Ecosystems: Defining Opportunities for Managing Fish and Forest Health AN - 899155015; 15625140 JF - Environmental Management AU - Rieman, Bruce E AU - Lee, Danny C AU - Thurow, Russell F AU - Hessburg, Paul F AU - Sedell, James R AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 316 E. Myrtle, Boise, Idaho 83702, USA , US Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 425 EP - 444 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Fish KW - ENA 07:General KW - M3:1010 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899155015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Toward+an+Integrated+Classification+of+Ecosystems%3A+Defining+Opportunities+for+Managing+Fish+and+Forest+Health&rft.au=Rieman%2C+Bruce+E%3BLee%2C+Danny+C%3BThurow%2C+Russell+F%3BHessburg%2C+Paul+F%3BSedell%2C+James+R&rft.aulast=Rieman&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002679910034 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679910034 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban forest cover of the Chicago region and its relation to household density and income AN - 860390975; 13880120 AB - Urban forests and herbaceous open space play a vital role in the environmental and aesthetic "health" of cities, yet they are rarely identified in land-use inventories of urban areas. To provide information on urban forests and other vegetative land cover in Illinois cities, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data from June 27, 1988, were classified for the Chicago metropolitan region (9,717 km super(2)). Ten land-cover classes were identified, including two types of forestland (occupying 5.8% of the total area), residential land with trees (14.6%) or without trees (7.8%), cropland (37.5%), two types of grassland (7.7%), urban with impervious surfaces (23.1%), water (1.6%), and miscellaneous vegetation (2.1%). Correlation analyses indicated that household income and household density are strongly related to land covers in the region, particularly those with tree cover and urbanized land. Population changes for 1980-1985 and 1985-2010 (projected) show a pattern of increasing density in the urbanized zone concurrent with continued urban sprawl, primarily into current cropland. JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - Iverson, Louis R AU - Cook, Elizabeth A AD - USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH, 43015, liverson/ne_de@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 105 EP - 124 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Illinois, Chicago KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Correlation analysis KW - households KW - income KW - Population changes KW - metropolitan areas KW - Urban areas KW - Inventories KW - Data processing KW - USA, Illinois KW - Vegetation KW - agricultural land KW - Land use KW - Grasslands KW - Landsat KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 05:Environmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860390975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Urban+forest+cover+of+the+Chicago+region+and+its+relation+to+household+density+and+income&rft.au=Iverson%2C+Louis+R%3BCook%2C+Elizabeth+A&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1011307327314 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inventories; Grasslands; Landsat; Data processing; Trees; Population changes; Vegetation; Forests; Correlation analysis; households; income; agricultural land; metropolitan areas; Land use; Urban areas; USA, Illinois, Chicago; USA, Illinois DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011307327314 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolutionary events culminating in specific minerals becoming essential for life. AN - 71270650; 10918986 AB - The environment in which living organisms evolved was apparently a primary determinant of which elements became essential for life. The first organic materials and, ultimately, life forms most likely were formed in an ancient sea containing minerals that provided structural integrity and catalytic ability to the first complex organic substances. The site at which life began has been suggested to be at the edge of the sea near sediments, or around a hydrothermal system. The strongest circumstantial evidence supports a hyperthermophilic beginning. Regardless of the site, the biological importance of elements tends to parallel oceanic abundance, but in higher forms of life this parallelism apparently has been mitigated by a natural selection process that resulted in some elements becoming more important because of their superior abilities over other elements to perform vital functions. The converse to biological importance is that toxicity of elements and oceanic abundance tends to be inversely related. The basis for this relationship may be that the efficiency of homeostatic mechanisms to cope with a high intake of a specific element probably reflects upon the exposure of an organism to the element during its evolution. Thus, a study of evolutionary events may be helpful in predicting and comprehending the essential and toxic nature of mineral elements in humans. JF - European journal of nutrition AU - Nielsen, F H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034, USA. fnielsen@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 62 EP - 66 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 1436-6207, 1436-6207 KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - 0 KW - Minerals KW - Trace Elements KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Selection, Genetic KW - Evolution, Planetary KW - Biological Availability KW - Adaptation, Biological -- physiology KW - Biological Evolution KW - Trace Elements -- analysis KW - Homeostasis -- physiology KW - Trace Elements -- physiology KW - Minerals -- metabolism KW - Minerals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71270650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+events+culminating+in+specific+minerals+becoming+essential+for+life.&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=14366207&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of microencapsulated formulations for improved residual activity of Bacillus thuringiensis. AN - 71137062; 10826165 AB - Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner is a highly efficacious bioinsecticide used to control lepidopteran pests in the field. Unfortunately, it has limited residual activity on plants because sunlight inactivates spores and crystals and they can be washed off by rain. To minimize loss of activity, formulations must contain UV protectants, stickers, or both. We tested approximately 80 formulations and determined optimal combinations of ingredients and spray drying conditions for improving B. thuringiensis residual activity after simulated rain and simulated sunlight. B. thuringiensis stability, after simulated sunlight (xenon light/8 h) and rain (5 cm/50 min), was improved using formulations based on lignin, corn flours, or both, with up to 20% of the active ingredient, when compared with technical powder or Dipel 2x in laboratory assays. Two formulations, made with corn flours or lignin + pregelatinized corn flour (PCF), killed 51.6 and 75.3% of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) neonates after rain, respectively, versus 27% for technical powder. When the insecticidal activity was tested after simulated sunlight, corn flour-based formulations killed 78.5% of test larvae, and the lignin + PCF formulation killed 70.4%, in contrast to technical powder which caused an average of 29% mortality. Formulations made with Dipel 2x rather than technical powder, caused 62.5% mortality (corn flour-based formulations), and 72.3% mortality (lignin + PCF), versus 53.4% for Dipel 2x after rain. When tested after simulated sunlight, formulations killed 95% of the larvae (average of both formulations) versus 82% for Dipel 2x. In a field test, formulations were applied to cabbage and insecticidal activity was determined against Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) neonates exposed to treated leaves. Insecticidal activity of the corn flour-based formulations was comparable to Dipel 2x for 4 d after treatment, but was significantly better than Dipel 2x 7 d after application. A lignin and PCF-based formulation showed significantly higher residual activity than Dipel 2x, 4 and 7 d after application. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Tamez-Guerra, P AU - McGuire, M R AU - Behle, R W AU - Shasha, B S AU - Wong, L J AD - Bioactive Agents Research Unit, USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604-3339, USA. Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 219 EP - 225 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biological Assay KW - Moths KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Bacillus thuringiensis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71137062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+microencapsulated+formulations+for+improved+residual+activity+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis.&rft.au=Tamez-Guerra%2C+P%3BMcGuire%2C+M+R%3BBehle%2C+R+W%3BShasha%2C+B+S%3BWong%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Tamez-Guerra&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of diatomaceous earth to red flour beetles and confused flour beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): effects of temperature and relative humidity. AN - 71135184; 10826209 AB - Red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and confused flour beetles, Tribolium confusum (DuVal), were exposed for 8-72 h to diatomaceous earth (Protect-It) at 22, 27, and 32 degrees C and 40, 57, and 75% RH (9 combinations). Insects were exposed to the diatomaceous earth at 0.5 mg/cm2 on filter paper inside plastic petri dishes. After exposure, beetles were held for 1 wk without food at the same conditions at which they were exposed. Mortality of both species after initial exposure was lowest at 22 degrees C but increased as temperature and exposure interval increased, and within each temperature decreased as humidity increased. With 2 exceptions, all confused flour beetles were still alive after they were exposed at 22 degrees C, 57 and 75% RH. Mortality of both species after they were held for 1 wk was greater than initial mortality for nearly all exposure intervals at each temperature-humidity combination, indicating delayed toxic effects from exposure to diatomaceous earth. For both species, the relationship between mortality and exposure interval for initial and 1-wk mortality was described by linear, nonlinear, quadratic, and sigmoidal regression. Mortality of confused flour beetles was lower than mortality of red flour beetles exposed for the same time intervals for 46.7% of the total comparisons at the various temperature-relative humidity combinations. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Arthur, F H AD - Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA. Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 526 EP - 532 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Diatomaceous Earth KW - 61790-53-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Temperature KW - Mathematical Computing KW - Humidity KW - Beetles KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71135184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+diatomaceous+earth+to+red+flour+beetles+and+confused+flour+beetles+%28Coleoptera%3A+Tenebrionidae%29%3A+effects+of+temperature+and+relative+humidity.&rft.au=Arthur%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Arthur&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lethal and sublethal effects of selected insecticides and an insect growth regulator on the boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ectoparasitoid Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). AN - 71134677; 10826176 AB - A laboratory culture of Catolaccus grandis (Burks), an ectoparasitoid of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, was exposed to lethal and sublethal doses of insecticides and an insect growth regulator using a spray chamber bioassay. Materials tested were azinphos-methyl, endosulfan, fipronil, malathion, cyfluthrin, dimethoate, spinosad, methyl parathion, acephate, oxamyl, and tebufenozide. At full rates, spinosad was significantly less toxic to female C. grandis than other treatments except endosulfan. Fipronil and malathion were significantly more toxic to females than other treatments. Most of the chemicals tested were highly toxic to male C. grandis; spinosad was least toxic. At reduced rates, most of 4 selected chemicals tested were low in toxicity to C. grandis; however, a reduced rate of malathion was significantly more toxic to females than other treatments. No C. grandis pupae developed from parasitism during a 24-h treatment period with malathion or spinosad. The sex ratio of progeny from sprayed adults appeared to be unaffected by the treatments. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Elzen, G W AU - Maldonado, S N AU - Rojas, M G AD - Beneficial Insects Research Unit, USDA-ARS, SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 300 EP - 303 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Juvenile Hormones KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Male KW - Female KW - Beetles -- parasitology KW - Wasps UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71134677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Lethal+and+sublethal+effects+of+selected+insecticides+and+an+insect+growth+regulator+on+the+boll+weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+ectoparasitoid+Catolaccus+grandis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%29.&rft.au=Elzen%2C+G+W%3BMaldonado%2C+S+N%3BRojas%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Elzen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal changes in pyrethroid resistance in tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) populations during a three-year period in the delta area of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. AN - 71132949; 10826198 AB - Tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), were collected from weeds at 71 locations in the delta of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi and tested with a discriminating dose bioassay for pyrethroid resistance in the spring (April-May) and again at the same locations in the fall (September-October) in 1995-1997. Percentage of mortality in the discriminating dose bioassay declined significantly (pyrethroid-resistance increased) from spring to fall by an average 18.7, 21.3, and 21.7% in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi, respectively. Pyrethroid resistance declined significantly by 26.3% from the fall of 1995 to the spring of 1996 in Mississippi, but did not significantly decline in Arkansas (4.1%) and Louisiana (13.2%). Significant decreases in resistance occurred in all 3 states from the fall of 1996 to the spring of 1997 (17.1, 38.3, and 29.8% in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi, respectively). Plant bugs from 2 locations (Indianola, MS, and Wainwright, LA) had multiple insecticide resistance to a carbamate, 2 pyrethroid, and 4 organophosphorus insecticides. However, resistance to the organophosphate acephate in plant bugs from both locations was not significant. Possible causes for the significant increases and declines in resistance from season to season are discussed. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Snodgrass, G L AU - Scott, W P AD - Southern Insect Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 441 EP - 446 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Seasons KW - Mississippi KW - Louisiana KW - Arkansas KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Heteroptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71132949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+changes+in+pyrethroid+resistance+in+tarnished+plant+bug+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29+populations+during+a+three-year+period+in+the+delta+area+of+Arkansas%2C+Louisiana%2C+and+Mississippi.&rft.au=Snodgrass%2C+G+L%3BScott%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Snodgrass&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in nepalese maize and wheat and the effect of traditional processing methods on mycotoxin levels. AN - 71047784; 10775401 AB - Maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) collected in the foothills of the Nepal Himalaya Mountains were analyzed for Fusarium species and mycotoxins: fumonisins, nivalenol (NIV), and deoxynivalenol (DON). Predominant species were Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (F. moniliforme) in maize and F. graminearum in maize and wheat; G. fujikuroi mating population D (F. proliferatum), F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. chlamydosporum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, and F. torulosum were also present. Strains of G. fujikuroi mating population A produced fumonisins, and strains of F. graminearum produced NIV or DON. By immunoassay or high-performance liquid chromatography, fumonisins were >1000 ng/g in 22% of 74 maize samples. By immunoassay or fluorometry, NIV and DON were >1000 ng/g in 16% of maize samples but were not detected in wheat. Fumonisins and DON were not eliminated by traditional fermentation for producing maize beer, but Nepalese rural and urban women were able to detoxify contaminated maize by hand-sorting visibly diseased kernels. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Manandhar, G AU - Plattner, R D AU - Maragos, C M AU - Shrestha, K AU - McCormick, S P AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. desjarae@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 1377 EP - 1383 VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - nivalenol KW - 5WOP02RM1U KW - Index Medicus KW - Beer KW - Fermentation KW - Humans KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Nepal KW - Female KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- isolation & purification KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Fusarium -- classification KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Triticum -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71047784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Fusarium+species+and+mycotoxins+in+nepalese+maize+and+wheat+and+the+effect+of+traditional+processing+methods+on+mycotoxin+levels.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BManandhar%2C+G%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BMaragos%2C+C+M%3BShrestha%2C+K%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-19 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid hot dog surface pasteurization using cycles of vacuum and steam to kill Listeria innocua. AN - 71043296; 10772210 AB - The vacuum/steam/vacuum surface pasteurization process was applied to hot dogs inoculated on the surface with non-pathogenic Listeria innocua. Using the optimum conditions previously found for processing chicken carcasses as a starting point, optimum process conditions were determined for a hot dog treatment compatible with current process line speed. Cycling the treatment significantly improved the microbiological kill. At the optimum conditions of steam time of 0.3 s at 138 degrees C (two cycles), a bacteria kill >3 log CFU/ml was attained. Pasteurization, frequently considered to be a kill of >5 log CFU/ml, was reached by increasing the number of cycles to three. The surface pasteurization process should ensure that hot dogs reaching the consumer are free of Listeria. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Kozempel, M AU - Goldberg, N AU - Radewonuk, E R AU - Scullen, O J AU - Craig, J C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. mkozempel@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 457 EP - 461 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Steam KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Vacuum KW - Surface Properties KW - Food Microbiology KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Listeria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71043296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Rapid+hot+dog+surface+pasteurization+using+cycles+of+vacuum+and+steam+to+kill+Listeria+innocua.&rft.au=Kozempel%2C+M%3BGoldberg%2C+N%3BRadewonuk%2C+E+R%3BScullen%2C+O+J%3BCraig%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Kozempel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RETMCL; incorporating maximum-likelihood estimation principles in the RETC soil hydraulic parameter estimation code AN - 52365568; 2000-034113 JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Hollenbeck, K J AU - Simunek, J AU - van Genuchten, M T Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 319 EP - 327 PB - Pergamon, New York-Oxford-Toronto VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - prediction KW - RETMCL KW - least-squares analysis KW - computer programs KW - errors KW - saturation KW - retention KW - applications KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - algorithms KW - RETC KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52365568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=RETMCL%3B+incorporating+maximum-likelihood+estimation+principles+in+the+RETC+soil+hydraulic+parameter+estimation+code&rft.au=Hollenbeck%2C+K+J%3BSimunek%2C+J%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Hollenbeck&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; applications; computer programs; data processing; errors; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; least-squares analysis; prediction; RETC; retention; RETMCL; saturation; soils; statistical analysis; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of soil water status using tensiometers in a sandy soil profile under citrus production AN - 51963085; 2003-052808 JF - Soil Science AU - Paramasivam, S AU - Alva, A K AU - Fares, A Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 343 EP - 353 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 165 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - water KW - United States KW - soils KW - tensiometers KW - agriculture KW - soil-water balance KW - leaching KW - Florida KW - instruments KW - irrigation KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51963085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+soil+water+status+using+tensiometers+in+a+sandy+soil+profile+under+citrus+production&rft.au=Paramasivam%2C+S%3BAlva%2C+A+K%3BFares%2C+A&rft.aulast=Paramasivam&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Florida; instruments; irrigation; leaching; soil-water balance; soils; tensiometers; United States; water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update and recorrelation of soil surveys using GIS and statistical analysis AN - 50303191; 2002-025282 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Brannon, Greg R AU - Hajek, B F Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 679 EP - 680 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - methods KW - updates KW - cartography KW - ArcGIS KW - statistical analysis KW - reliability KW - mapping KW - correlation KW - IDRISI KW - ArcInfo KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - Alabama KW - case studies KW - Blackland Prairies KW - geographic information systems KW - sampling KW - Montgomery County Alabama KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - information systems KW - accuracy KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50303191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Update+and+recorrelation+of+soil+surveys+using+GIS+and+statistical+analysis&rft.au=Brannon%2C+Greg+R%3BHajek%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Brannon&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://soil.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; Alabama; ArcGIS; ArcInfo; Blackland Prairies; cartography; case studies; correlation; geographic information systems; Gulf Coastal Plain; IDRISI; information systems; mapping; methods; Montgomery County Alabama; reliability; sampling; soil surveys; soils; statistical analysis; surveys; United States; updates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Denitrification from a Swine Lagoon Overland Flow Treatment System at a Pasture-Riparian Zone Interface AN - 18183786; 5136977 AB - In manure disposal systems, denitrification is a major pathway for N loss and to reduce N transport to surface and ground water. We measured denitrification and the changes in soil N pools in a liquid manure disposal system at the interface of a pasture and a riparian forest. Liquid swine manure was applied weekly at two rates (approximately 800 and 1600 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1)) to triplicate plots of overland flow treatment systems with three different vegetation treatments. Denitrification (acetylene block technique on intact cores) and soil N pools were determined bimonthly for 3 yr. The higher rate of meanure application had higher denitrification rates and higher soil nitrate. Depth 1 soil (0-6 cm) had higher denitrification, nitrate, and ammonium than depth 2 soil (6-12 cm). The vegetation treatment consisting of 20 m of grass and 10 m of forest had lower denitrification. Denitrification did not vary significantly with position in the plot (7, 14, 21, and 28 m downslope), but nitrate decreased in the downslope direction while ammonium increased downslope. Denitrification ranged from 4 to 12% of total N applied in the manure. Denitrification rates were similar to those from a nearby dairy manure irrigation site, but were generally a lower percent of N applied, especially at the high swine effluent rate. Denitrification rates for these soils range from 40 to 200 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1) for the top 12 cm of soil treated with typical liquid manure that is high in ammonium and low in nitrate. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Lowrance, R AU - Hubbard, R K AD - Southeast Watershed Research Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, lorenz@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 617 EP - 624 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - swine KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Manure KW - Buffer KW - Lagooning KW - Lagoons KW - Liquid wastes KW - Animal manures KW - Soil KW - Water treatment KW - Denitrification KW - Riparian Land KW - Water Treatment KW - Farm Wastes KW - Waste disposal KW - Animal Wastes KW - Water Quality Control KW - Overland Flow KW - Ammonium KW - Animal wastes KW - Water Pollution Treatment KW - Nitrates KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18183786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Denitrification+from+a+Swine+Lagoon+Overland+Flow+Treatment+System+at+a+Pasture-Riparian+Zone+Interface&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+R%3BHubbard%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Ammonium; Animal wastes; Manure; Nitrates; Denitrification; Liquid wastes; Lagoons; Agriculture; Water treatment; Waste disposal; Buffer; Lagooning; Animal manures; Agricultural Runoff; Water Pollution Treatment; Riparian Land; Water Treatment; Farm Wastes; Water Quality Control; Animal Wastes; Overland Flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow-proportional, time-composited, and grab sample estimation of nitrogen export from an eastern coastal plain watershed AN - 18158988; 4761081 AB - The balance between resources expended and information obtained is an integral aspect of water quality investigations. As part of a Water Quality Demonstration Project in the eastern Coastal Plain, we monitored stream water quality at the watershed outlet. Four methods of assessing stream water quality were compared. These methods were time-composite sampling with continuous flow measurements (TC), flow-proportional sampling with independent measurement of flow (FP), grab sampling with instantaneous flow measurements (IG), and grab sampling for quality assurance/quality control checks using daily USGS flow measurements (UG). Flow measurements using the TC and IG methods were highly correlated (r super(2) = 0.97). Because of more intensive measurements during high flow, the FP method sampled greater flow rates during the sampling period. For all four methods, nitrate-N, ammonia-N and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations were not correlated to stream flow. Because of the significantly greater flow sampled, the FP method predicted significantly greater mass loading rates for both nitrate-N, ammonia-N, and TKN. Grab sampling (IG and UG) and the TC methods were not significantly different for the entire study period; however, a few monthly differences were significant. These results suggest that an appropriate sampling method should adequately weight sampling of both storm and base flows. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Stone, K C AU - Hunt, P G AU - Novak, J M AU - Johnson, M H AU - Watts, D W AD - USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA, stone@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 281 EP - 290 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, eastern KW - comparative studies KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Catchment area KW - Coastal Plains KW - Nitrates KW - Ammonia KW - Catchment Areas KW - Water Sampling KW - Water Quality KW - River discharge KW - Flow Discharge KW - USA, East KW - Freshwater KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Water analysis KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Flow Rates KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Comparison Studies KW - Analytical techniques KW - Stream flow rate KW - Monitoring KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18158988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Flow-proportional%2C+time-composited%2C+and+grab+sample+estimation+of+nitrogen+export+from+an+eastern+coastal+plain+watershed&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BNovak%2C+J+M%3BJohnson%2C+M+H%3BWatts%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Stormwater runoff; Nitrates; Ammonia; Analytical techniques; Stream flow rate; River discharge; Watersheds; Water quality; Water analysis; Nitrogen; Performance Evaluation; Flow Rates; Coastal Plains; Comparison Studies; Water Sampling; Catchment Areas; Water Quality; Flow Discharge; Monitoring; Streams; USA, East; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional Classification of Swine Manure Management Systems Based on Effluent and Gas Emission Characteristics AN - 18074974; 5136979 AB - Gaseous emissions from swine (Sus scrofa) manure storage systems represent a concern to air quality due to the potential effects of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methane, and volatile organic compounds on environmental quality and human health. The lack of knowledge concerning functional aspects of swine manure management systems has been a major obstacle in the development and optimization of emission abatement technologies for these point sources. In this study, a classification system based on gas emission characteristics and effluent concentrations of total phosphorus (P) and total sulfur (S) was devised and tested on 29 swine manure management systems in Iowa, Oklahoma, and North Carolina in an effort to elucidate functional characteristics of these systems. Four swine manure management system classes were identified that differed in effluent concentrations of P and S, methane (CH sub(4)) emission rate, odor intensity, and air concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Odor intensity and the concentration of VOCs in air emitted from swine manure management systems were strongly correlated (r super(2) = 0.88). The concentration of VOC in air samples was highest with outdoor swine manure management systems that received a high input of volatile solids (Type 2). These systems were also shown to have the highest odor intensity levels. The emission rate for VOCs and the odor intensity associated with swine manure management systems were inversely correlated with CH sub(4) and ammonia (NH sub(3)) emission rates. The emission rates of CH sub(4), NH sub(3), and VOCs were found to be dependent upon manure loading rate and were indirectly influenced by animal numbers. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Zahn, JA AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Laird, DA AU - Hart, T T AU - Do, Y S AU - DiSpirito, A A AD - National Swine Research Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA, zahn@nsric.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 635 EP - 647 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - swine KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Discharge KW - Sulfur KW - Manure KW - Sus scrofa KW - Hogs KW - Pollution (Air) KW - Phosphorus KW - Odors KW - Animal manures KW - Livestock (see also Individual animals) KW - Point sources KW - Public Health KW - Livestock rearing KW - Emissions KW - Tastes and odours KW - Air Pollution KW - Methane KW - Animal wastes KW - Ammonia KW - Pigs (see also Livestock) KW - Effluents KW - Gas KW - Effluent KW - Organic compounds KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18074974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Functional+Classification+of+Swine+Manure+Management+Systems+Based+on+Effluent+and+Gas+Emission+Characteristics&rft.au=Zahn%2C+JA%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BLaird%2C+DA%3BHart%2C+T+T%3BDo%2C+Y+S%3BDiSpirito%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Zahn&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfur; Methane; Animal wastes; Manure; Ammonia; Phosphorus; Emissions; Odors; Effluents; Volatile organic compounds; Point sources; Discharge; Livestock rearing; Pollution (Air); Effluent; Pigs (see also Livestock); Tastes and odours; Organic compounds; Livestock (see also Individual animals); Gas; Animal manures; Agriculture; Air Pollution; Public Health; Hogs; Sus scrofa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of Human Olfactory Responses to Airborne Concentrations of Malodorous Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Swine Effluent AN - 18074962; 5136978 AB - Direct multicomponent analysis of malodorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in ambient air samples from 29 swine (Sus scrofa) production facilities was used to develop a 19-component artificial swine odor solution that simulated olfactory properties of swine effluent. Analyses employing either a human panel consisting of 14 subjects or gas chromatography were performed on the air stream from an emission chamber to assess human olfactory responses or odorant concentration, respectively. Analysis of the olfactory responses using Fisher's LSD statistics showed that the subjects were sensitive to changes in air concentration of the VOC standard across dilutions differing by approximately 16%. The effect of chemical synergisms and antagonisms on human olfactory response magnitudes was assessed by altering the individual concentration of nine compounds in artificial swine odor over a twofold concentration range while maintaining the other 18 components at a constant concentration. A synergistic olfactory response was observed when the air concentration of acetic acid was increased relative to the concentration of other VOC odorants in the standard. An antagonistic olfactory response was observed when the air concentration of 4-ethyl phenol was increased relative to the other VOC odorants in the standard. The collective odorant responses for nine major VOCs associated with swine odor were used to develop an olfactory prediction model to estimate human odor response magnitudes to swine manure odorants through measured air concentrations of indicator VOCs. The results of this study show that direct multicomponent analysis of VOCs emitted from swine effluent can be applied toward estimating perceived odor intensity. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Zahn, JA AU - DiSpirito, A A AU - Do, Y S AU - Brooks, B E AU - Cooper, EE AU - Hatfield, J L AD - USDA-ARS, National Swine Research Center, Ames, IA 50011, USA, zahn@nsric.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 624 EP - 634 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pig KW - man KW - pigs KW - swine KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Manure KW - Sus scrofa KW - Hogs KW - Pollution (Air) KW - Sensory evaluation KW - Health KW - Odors KW - Livestock (see also Individual animals) KW - Animal manures KW - Livestock rearing KW - Gas chromatography KW - Odor KW - Tastes and odours KW - Animal Wastes KW - Air Pollution KW - Animal wastes KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Wastes KW - Pigs (see also Livestock) KW - Effluents KW - Livestock KW - Air pollution KW - Volatiles KW - Effluent KW - Organic Compounds KW - Organic compounds KW - Olfactory stimuli KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Olfaction KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - R 18130:Apparatus & methodology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18074962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+Human+Olfactory+Responses+to+Airborne+Concentrations+of+Malodorous+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+Emitted+from+Swine+Effluent&rft.au=Zahn%2C+JA%3BDiSpirito%2C+A+A%3BDo%2C+Y+S%3BBrooks%2C+B+E%3BCooper%2C+EE%3BHatfield%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Zahn&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Manure; Gas chromatography; Sensory evaluation; Volatiles; Agricultural wastes; Odor; Olfactory stimuli; Organic compounds; Animal wastes; Odors; Effluents; Olfaction; Volatile organic compounds; Livestock; Livestock rearing; Pollution (Air); Effluent; Wastes; Pigs (see also Livestock); Health; Tastes and odours; Animal manures; Livestock (see also Individual animals); Air Pollution; Agriculture; Hogs; Organic Compounds; Animal Wastes; Sus scrofa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SOIL-SOILN Simulations of Water Drainage and Nitrate Nitrogen Transport from Soil Core Lysimeters AN - 17901987; 5136973 AB - Water resources protection from nitrate nitrogen (NO sub(3)-N) contamination is an important public concern and a major national environmental issue. The abilities of the SOIL-SOILN model to simulate water drainage and nitrate N fluxes from orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were evaluated using data from a 3-yr field experiment. The soil is classified as a Hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludalf). Nitrate losses below the 1-m depth from N-fertilized grazed orchardgrass were measured with intact soil core lysimeters. Five N-fertilizer treatments consisted of a control, urine application in the spring, urine application in the summer, urine application in the fall, and feces application in the summer. The SOIL-SOILN models were evaluated using water drainage and nitrate flux data for 1993-1994, 1994-1995, and 1995-1996. The N rate constants from a similar experiment with inorganic fertilizer and manure treatments under corn (Zea mays L.) were used to evaluate the SOILN model under orchardgrass sod. Results indicated that the SOIL model accurately simulated water drainage for all three years. The SOILN model adequately predicted nitrate losses for three urine treatments in each year and a control treatment in 1994-1995. However, it failed to produce accurate simulations for two control treatments in 1993-1994 and 1995-1996, and feces treatments in all three years. The inaccuracy in the simulation results for the control and feces treatments seems to be related to an inadequate modeling of N transformation processes. In general, the results demonstrate the potential of the SOILN model to predict NO sub(3)-N fluxes under pasture conditions using N transformation rate constants determined through the calibration process from corn fields on similar soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Jabro, J D AU - Stout, W L AU - Fales, S L AU - Fox, R H AD - USDA-ARS, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA 99350, USA, jjabro@tricity.wsu.edu Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 584 EP - 589 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil Water Movement KW - Nitrate KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Drainage KW - Soil/water systems KW - Pastures KW - Land (Grass and pasture) KW - Model Testing KW - Model Studies KW - Solutes KW - Fertilizers KW - Solute Transport KW - Lysimeters KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17901987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=SOIL-SOILN+Simulations+of+Water+Drainage+and+Nitrate+Nitrogen+Transport+from+Soil+Core+Lysimeters&rft.au=Jabro%2C+J+D%3BStout%2C+W+L%3BFales%2C+S+L%3BFox%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Jabro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=584&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solutes; Nitrate; Fertilizers; Leaching; Drainage; Soil/water systems; Lysimeters; Land (Grass and pasture); Soil Water Movement; Nitrates; Solute Transport; Pastures; Model Testing; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approximating Phosphorus Release from Soils to Surface Runoff and Subsurface Drainage AN - 17900013; 5136969 AB - Phosphorus application in excess of crop needs has increased the concentration of P in surface soil and runoff and led many states to develop P-based nutrient management strategies. However, insufficient data are available relating P in surface soil, surface runoff, and subsurface drainage to develop sound guidelines. Thus, we investigated P release from the surface (0-5 cm depth) of a Denbigh silt loam from Devon, U.K. (30-160 mg kg super(-1) Olsen P) and Alvin, Berks, Calvin, and Watson soils from Pennsylvania (10-763 mg kg super(-1) Mehlich-3 P) in relation to the concentration of P in surface runoff and subsurface drainage. A change point, where the slopes of two linear relationships between water- or CaCl sub(2)-extractable soil P and soil test phosphorus (STP) (Olsen or Mehlich-3) meet, was evident for the Denbigh at 33 to 36 mg kg super(-1) Olsen P, and the Alvin and Berks soils at 185 to 190 mg Mehlich-3 P kg super(-1). Similar change points were also observed when STP was related to the P concentration of surface runoff (185 mg kg super(-1)) and subsurface drainage (193 mg kg super(-1)). The use of water and CaCl sub(2) extraction of surface soil is suggested to estimate surface runoff P (r super(2) of 0.92 for UK and 0.86 for PA soils) and subsurface drainage P (r super(2) of 0.82 for UK and 0.88 for PA soils), and to determine a change point in STP, which may be used in support of agricultural and environmental P management. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - McDowell, R W AU - Sharpley, AN AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Curtin Road, Building 3702, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, ans3@psu.edu Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 508 EP - 520 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - British Isles, England, Devon KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Regression Analysis KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Surface Runoff KW - Water Analysis KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Subsurface Drainage KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Phosphorus KW - Soil sampling and analysis KW - Water analysis KW - Surface run-off KW - Water pollution control KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Regression analysis KW - Soil Analysis KW - Data Interpretation KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17900013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Approximating+Phosphorus+Release+from+Soils+to+Surface+Runoff+and+Subsurface+Drainage&rft.au=McDowell%2C+R+W%3BSharpley%2C+AN&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water pollution control; Agricultural chemicals; Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Regression analysis; Soil sampling and analysis; Phosphorus; Surface run-off; Water analysis; Water Pollution Control; Regression Analysis; Agricultural Chemicals; Surface Runoff; Water Analysis; Subsurface Drainage; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Soil Analysis; Data Interpretation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Regulation of Seed Dormancy in Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) AN - 17811052; 4854470 AB - Seeds of Purshia tridentata, a shrub of semi-arid North America, require chilling to become non-dormant. Using seeds produced from controlled crosses in a common garden, we examined effects of ovule parent, pollen parent, and year of production on germination percentage in response to chilling for 2 weeks at 2 degree C. Differences among ovule parents accounted for most of the variance in chilling response, and these differences (2 to 83% germination) were consistent across years. Differences among pollen parents were also significant, producing a two- to five-fold difference in mean germination percentage. Differences among years were significant but small. Ovule parent by year interactions showed that among-year variation in ripening environment did not affect ovule parents equally. There was no significant pollen parent by year interaction, suggesting that the effect of maturation environment was mediated through maternal tissues. In reciprocal crosses, two plants that showed contrasting dormancy levels as ovule parents produced seeds with similar dormancy as pollen parents, indicating that the genetic difference between them was at the testa level. Two plants that produced seeds with contrasting dormancy as pollen parents showed a similar but stronger pattern of contrast as ovule parents, showing that the genetic difference between them was at both embryo and endosperm or testa level. Testa or endosperm genotype was primarily responsible for chilling response of intact seeds, while embryo genotype affected chilling response and also exercised primary control over low temperature germination rate, whether of excised embryos or of intact seeds. JF - Annals of Botany AU - Meyer, SE AU - Pendleton, R L AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Provo, UT 84606, USA Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 521 EP - 529 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0305-7364, 0305-7364 KW - Canada KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Seeds KW - Gene regulation KW - Purshia tridentata KW - Dormancy KW - Ecological genetics KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17811052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Genetic+Regulation+of+Seed+Dormancy+in+Purshia+tridentata+%28Rosaceae%29&rft.au=Meyer%2C+SE%3BPendleton%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Botany&rft.issn=03057364&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fanbo.1999.1099 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Purshia tridentata; Seeds; Ecological genetics; Dormancy; Gene regulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.1099 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff Water Quality from Poultry Litter-Treated Pasture and Forest Sites AN - 17779478; 4826193 AB - In the Ozark Highlands of the USA (36-38 degree N, 91-95 degree W), annual application of poultry litter to pasture land is a routine waste management practice. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of site characteristics and poultry litter application on runoff and nutrient transport from grazed pasture and forest sites at different landscape positions. Sixteen pairs of 1 x 2 m plots were established on Nixa (loamy-skeletal, siliceous, active, mesic Glossic Fragiudults) and Clarksville (loamy-skeletal, siliceous, semiactive, mesic Typic Paleudults) cherty silt loams. One plot of each pair received 4.5 Mg ha super(-1) of poultry litter. Rainfall was simulated at 75 mm h super(-1) for 1 h (25-yr return period storm) one month after litter application. A composite runoff sample was analyzed for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia N (NH sub(3)-N), nitrate N (NO sub(3)-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total suspended solids (TSS). Poultry litter-treated plots had consistently higher concentrations of all water quality parameters tested compared to untreated plots. Concentration of DRP in runoff from untreated plots was linearly correlated with three soil P tests (0.35 < r super(2) < 0.85). Soil P on litter-treated plots had little effect on runoff DRP, which averaged 2.20 mg L super(-1). High variation in runoff resulted in only NO sub(3)-N showing significantly greater losses due to poultry litter treatment at two pasture sites. Results indicate that variation in runoff has a significant effect on nutrient transport from grazed pastures receiving poultry litter. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sauer, T J AU - Daniel, T C AU - Nichols, D J AU - West, C P AU - Moore, PA Jr AU - Wheeler, G L AD - USDA-ARS, Fayetteville, AR, USA, sauer@nstl.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 515 EP - 521 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA KW - poultry KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Suspended-solids KW - Soil Chemistry KW - Poultry KW - Manure KW - Waste Management KW - Land KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Water quality measurements KW - Phosphorus KW - Poultry farming KW - Forests KW - Nutrients KW - Soil science KW - Land application KW - Waste management KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Suspended Solids KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Animal wastes KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Water pollution KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17779478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Runoff+Water+Quality+from+Poultry+Litter-Treated+Pasture+and+Forest+Sites&rft.au=Sauer%2C+T+J%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BNichols%2C+D+J%3BWest%2C+C+P%3BMoore%2C+PA+Jr%3BWheeler%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manure; Agricultural pollution; Agricultural runoff; Water pollution; Animal wastes; Agricultural wastes; Water quality measurements; Forests; Poultry farming; Nutrients; Land application; Runoff; Waste management; Agricultural chemicals; Suspended-solids; Poultry; Land; Phosphorus; Soil science; Soil Chemistry; Agricultural Chemicals; Waste Management; Suspended Solids; Cultivated Lands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historical Sediment Flux from Three Watersheds into Lake Pepin, Minnesota, USA AN - 17774358; 4826198 AB - This contribution presents an assessment of the modern and historic fluxes of sediments exiting the Mississippi, St. Croix, and Minnesota watersheds and entering Lake Pepin, a natural riverine lake on the Upper Mississippi River. A Chemical Mass Balance receptor model and elemental signatures for sediments in Lake Pepin and the rivers draining its three principal catchment areas were used to apportion sediments in the lake to their source watersheds. The apportionment data, estimated trapping efficiency of the lake, and watershed basin areas were used to calculate sediment fluxes and erosion rates for each basin on a decadal basis. The relative apportionment of sediments from the Minnesota River watershed increased since European settlement of the region circa 1830 from 83 to 87% for the upper, 83 to 90% for the middle, and 78 to 87% for the lower reaches of the lake. Sediment loading to the whole lake shows a 12-fold increase from historic levels in the mass of Minnesota River-derived sediments. The amount of sediment currently supplied by this river is more than seven times the amount supplied by the headwater-Mississippi and St. Croix Rivers combined. Sediment contributions from these two combined watersheds have risen sevenfold since settlement. The causes of these increases are attributable to intensive agricultural production, especially within the Minnesota River basin. Watershed alterations have resulted in a decrease in wetlands, riparian zones, and native prairie and an increase in acreage artificially drained by sub-surface tile lines and surface ditching. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Kelley, D W AU - Nater, E A AD - USDA-ARS, 439 Borlaug Hall, Univ. of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, dkelley@soils.umn.edu Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 561 EP - 568 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Minnesota R. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Catchment area KW - USA, Minnesota, Minnesota R. KW - USA, Minnesota, Mississippi R. KW - River Basins KW - Fluvial Sediments KW - Catchment Areas KW - USA, Minnesota, Pepin L. KW - Sediment KW - River basins KW - Lake deposits KW - Watersheds KW - Lakes KW - Erosion KW - Catchment areas KW - Transport KW - Erosion Rates KW - Sediment transport KW - Sediment load KW - Sediment dynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17774358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Historical+Sediment+Flux+from+Three+Watersheds+into+Lake+Pepin%2C+Minnesota%2C+USA&rft.au=Kelley%2C+D+W%3BNater%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; River basins; Sediment transport; Sediment load; Lake deposits; Watersheds; Sediment dynamics; Erosion; Lakes; Catchment areas; Transport; Sediment; Sediment Transport; River Basins; Fluvial Sediments; Catchment Areas; Erosion Rates; USA, Minnesota, Mississippi R.; USA, Minnesota, Minnesota R.; USA, Minnesota, Pepin L. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lysimeter Study of Nitrate Leaching from a Corn-Soybean Rotation AN - 17774256; 4826189 AB - High rates of N fertilizer in the production of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) have resulted in excessive nitrate N (NO sub(3)-N) leaching, with concentrations in ground water frequently exceeding the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L. This study was conducted to determine whether NO sub(3)-N leaching would be reduced by allowing for a legume N credit for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and applying less N fertilizer to corn in a corn-soybean rotation than would be applied to continuous corn. A rye (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop was used following soybean. In the spring of each corn year, 140 kg N/ha as NH sub(4)NO sub(3) was surface applied to two large, undisturbed monolith lysimeters (8.1 m super(2) surface area, 2.4 m deep), and 196 kg N/ha was applied to two other lysimeters. Prior to 6 yr of this treatment, there was a 6 yr period during which lysimeters received 224 kg N/ha in the spring of the corn year. The highest NO sub(3)-N concentrations and the most transport occurred during the winter/spring soil moisture recharge period (November through April). Concentrations of NO sub(3)-N in the percolate from all four lysimeters were similar, with a 6-yr, flow-weighted average of 9.9 plus or minus 2.5 mg/L. Although reducing N fertilizer inputs in a corn-soybean rotation to allow for a legume N credit may lower N leaching amounts and concentrations, the NO sub(3)-N MCL may still be exceeded. For a given year, weather can impact percolation and leaching more than the current crop. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Owens, L B AU - Malone, R W AU - Shipitalo, MJ AU - Edwards, WM AU - Bonta, J V AD - USDA-ARS, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, lowens@coshocton.com Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 467 EP - 474 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Glycine max KW - Secale cereale KW - Zea mays KW - lysimeters KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Nitrate KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Land KW - Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals) KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Crops KW - Fertilizers KW - Percolation KW - Corn KW - Lysimeters KW - Weather KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Soybeans KW - Pollution (Groundwater) KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Pollution (Water) KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17774256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Lysimeter+Study+of+Nitrate+Leaching+from+a+Corn-Soybean+Rotation&rft.au=Owens%2C+L+B%3BMalone%2C+R+W%3BShipitalo%2C+MJ%3BEdwards%2C+WM%3BBonta%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Weather; Fertilizers; Leaching; Nitrates; Groundwater pollution; Crops; Pollution (Groundwater); Nitrate; Percolation; Land; Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals); Lysimeters; Pollution (Water); Water Pollution Sources; Corn; Groundwater Pollution; Cultivated Lands; Soybeans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of turkey biliary metabolites of ractopamine hydrochloride and the metabolism and distribution of synthetic [ super(14)C]ractopamine glucuronides in the turkey AN - 17724639; 4784383 AB - The bile duct cannulated turkey poult (n = 3) dosed orally with [ super(14)C]ractopamine HCl {(1R*,3R*),(1R*,3S*)-4-hydroxy- alpha - [[[3-(4-hydroxy[ super(14)C]phenyl)-1-methylpropyl] -amono]methyl]-benzenemethanol hydrochloride; 19.9 mg; 9.28 mu Ci} excreted 37.4 plus or minus 12.1% (mean plus or minus SD) of the administered radioactivity in bile by 24 h post-dosing. A mono-glucuronide, conjugated at C-10 (the methylpropylamino phenol) of ractopamine, accounted for 76.6% of biliary radioactivity. Urine collected from the colostomized turkey poult (n = 3) orally dosed with synthetic [ super(14)C]ractopamine-glucuronides (10.1 mg; 3.6 mu Ci) contained 11.9 plus or minus 1.0% (mean plus or minus SD) of the administered radioactivity 24 h after dosing, indicating that some absorption of radioactivity occurred. Faeces contained 60.6% of the administered radioactivity and carcasses (with gastrointestinal tracts) contained 23.3% of the starting radioactivity. Five colostomized poults were fitted with bile duct cannulas and were dosed intraduodenally with 10.2 mg (3.6 mu Ci) synthetic [ super(14)C]ractopamine-glucuronides. Urine and bile contained 15.5 plus or minus 2.2 and 16.8 plus or minus 2.1% respectively of the administered radiocarbon by 24 h post-dosing. Faeces contained 54.3% of the administered radioactivity. Total absorption of the dosed radioactivity averaged 33.4%. Bile and urine collected from the colostomized, bile-duct cannulated bird contained mainly ractopamine glucuronides. Indirect evidence suggests that the dosed ractopamine glucuronides were not absorbed intact. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Smith, D J AU - Feil, V J AU - Paulson, G D AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, PO Box 5674 University Station, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA, smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 427 EP - 440 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - ractopamine glucuronide KW - ractopamine hydrochloride KW - turkeys KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Bile duct KW - Urine KW - Radioisotopes KW - Feces KW - X 24114:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17724639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Identification+of+turkey+biliary+metabolites+of+ractopamine+hydrochloride+and+the+metabolism+and+distribution+of+synthetic+%5B+super%2814%29C%5Dractopamine+glucuronides+in+the+turkey&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+J%3BFeil%2C+V+J%3BPaulson%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F004982500237613 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bile duct; Urine; Feces; Radioisotopes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/004982500237613 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical source area controls on water quality in an agricultural watershed located in the Chesapeake Basin AN - 17685878; 4715335 AB - The importance of agricultural land use activities for supplying nutrients (N, P) to the Chesapeake Bay is examined and nutrient sources for a typical agricultural hill-land watershed within the Chesapeake Basin are identified and assessed. Based on up to 30 years of experimental and monitoring data, the outflow, N, and P exported from this Pennsylvania watershed is examined in terms of critical source areas. Most of the surface runoff and P export occurs from areas near the stream. About 90% of the algal-available P exported in outflow was generated during the largest 7 storms/year. In contrast, nearly all the nitrate (NO sub(3)) exported originated as subsurface flow entering the soil or ground water some distance from the stream, and mostly occurred during nonstorm flow periods. The NO sub(3) export observed over the long term corresponds to the N excess computed by N balance obtained by farmer survey for agricultural land. By combining land use, hydrologic processes, watershed position, soil P status, and N balance information for agricultural land, the major source areas for P and N are predictable and identifiable. We apply these ideas and techniques to our research watershed and present the results as an example of this approach. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Pionke, H B AU - Gburek, W J AU - Sharpley, AN AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, Building 3702, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, hxp4@psu.edu Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 325 EP - 335 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - USA KW - USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Nutrient enrichment KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Land KW - Agricultural Watersheds KW - Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows) KW - Nutrients KW - Surface Water KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Agricultural land KW - Catchment areas KW - Hydrology KW - USA, Chesapeake Basin KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Water Quality KW - ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - Water pollution KW - Land use KW - Surface water (see also Lakes, Ponds, Streams) KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Runoff KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17685878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Critical+source+area+controls+on+water+quality+in+an+agricultural+watershed+located+in+the+Chesapeake+Basin&rft.au=Pionke%2C+H+B%3BGburek%2C+W+J%3BSharpley%2C+AN&rft.aulast=Pionke&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0925-8574%2899%2900059-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydrology; Watersheds; Water quality; Agricultural runoff; Land use; Water pollution; Agricultural land; Nutrient enrichment; Land; Catchment areas; Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows); Surface water (see also Lakes, Ponds, Streams); Nutrients; Pollution (Water); Water quality (Natural waters); Runoff; Land Use; Agricultural Runoff; Water Pollution Sources; Agricultural Watersheds; Water Quality; Surface Water; Cultivated Lands; USA, Chesapeake Basin; ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(99)00059-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of swine wastewater using a saturated-soil-culture soybean and flooded rice system AN - 17676585; 4761086 AB - Constructed wetlands have potential for treatment of livestock wastewater, but they generally contain wetland plants rather than agronomic crops. We evaluated two agronomic crops, saturated-soil-culture (SSC) soybean and flooded rice, in a constructed wetland system used for swine wastewater treatment. Both crop production and treatment efficiency were evaluated from 1993 to 1996 in two 4-m x 33.5-m constructed wetland cells that were connected in series. The first cell contained SSC soybean - four cultivars planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Flooded rice 'Maybelle' was planted in the second cell. From the.first to fourth year, wastewater application rates were gradually increased to obtain rates of 2.0 to 8.8 and 0.5 to 2.2 kg ha super(-1) d super(-1) for total N and P, respectively. The best soybean grain and dry matter yields were 4.0 and 9.1 Mg ha super(-1), respectively. These were obtained with soybean 'Young' at the lowest wastewater application rate. Increasing total N loading rates and the associated higher NH sub(4)-N concentrations depressed soybean seed yield and dry matter production. On the other hand, both rice grain and dry matter production were stable over the application range; mean values were 4.0 and 10.9 Mg ha super(-1), respectively. Nutrient mass reductions were good; removal values increased linearly with loading rates (y = 0.69N load + 0.45, R super(2) = 0.99 and y = 0.45P load + 0.20, R super(2) = 0.95). At the highest loading rate, the system removed 751 and 156 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) N and P,, respectively. It appears that the SSC soybean and flooded rice system could be useful for liquid manure management in confined livestock production. The system produced comparable treatment to systems with natural wetland plants; moreover, the soybean and rice are marketable crops. However, the flooded rice seems to be the more robust component for high wastewater application rates. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Szoegi, A A AU - Hunt, P G AU - Humenik, F J AD - USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Ctr., 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA, hunt@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 327 EP - 336 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rice KW - Wetlands KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - Crops KW - Soybeans KW - Livestock KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17676585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+swine+wastewater+using+a+saturated-soil-culture+soybean+and+flooded+rice+system&rft.au=Szoegi%2C+A+A%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BHumenik%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Szoegi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rice; Wetlands; Wastewater Treatment; Crops; Livestock; Soybeans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing herbicide movement using soil samples versus percolate samples AN - 17674819; 4761088 AB - Soil core samples are often used to assess herbicide movement through soil or to evaluate contaminant transport models. When macropore flow occurs, the suitability of soil cores for these purposes is questionable. Our objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of soil samples from a macroporous soil as the sole means to assess herbicide movement in percolate and to assess a contaminant transport model. To accomplish this, atrazine and alachlor were surface-applied to 30 x 30 x 30 cm blocks of undisturbed, no-till silt loam soil at three moisture levels (dry, intermediate, wet) then subjected to a 0.5-h, 30 mm simulated rain. Percolate was collected from the base of the blocks and the soil was sampled by slicing the blocks into eight, 3.75 cm-thick, horizontal slabs. The contaminant transport model GLEAMS was used to predict herbicide concentration in the percolate and soil. The model was calibrated to equate the observed and predict percolate volume by adjusting the initial water content. Further model calibration was performed for two modeling scenarios: (1) to equate the observed and predicted herbicide concentration in the bottommost soil layer (26.25-30 cm) or (2) to equate the observed and predicted herbicide concentration in the surface soil layer (0-3.75 cm). No correlation was observed between herbicide concentration in soil and herbicide concentration in percolate. GLEAMS was calibrated to accurately predict percolate volumes and herbicide concentration in soil, but herbicide concentration in percolate was substantially under-predicted in most instances by a factor of 6 to 123. Our results indicate that the soil sampling strategy used in this study was a poor indicator of subsurface herbicide movement in percolate and ineffective as the sole means to assess contaminant transport models in soils subject to macropore flow. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Malone, R W AU - Shipitalo, MJ AU - Douglass, L W AU - Owens, L B AU - Nelsen, T C AU - Warner, R C AU - Byers, ME AD - USDA/ARS, PO Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, malone@coshocton.com Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 343 EP - 348 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Percolation KW - Calibrations KW - Soil Contamination KW - Chemical Analysis KW - Herbicides KW - Macropores KW - Sampling KW - Model Studies KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17674819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Assessing+herbicide+movement+using+soil+samples+versus+percolate+samples&rft.au=Malone%2C+R+W%3BShipitalo%2C+MJ%3BDouglass%2C+L+W%3BOwens%2C+L+B%3BNelsen%2C+T+C%3BWarner%2C+R+C%3BByers%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Percolation; Soil Contamination; Calibrations; Chemical Analysis; Macropores; Herbicides; Sampling; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Error analysis and quality improvement of the Coshocton weighing lysimeters AN - 17674777; 4761080 AB - Weighing lysimeter-computed evapotranspiration (ET) is sometimes used to assess ET computer-model predictions and to compare water use under different management or climatic conditions. For any use of lysimeter-computed ET, the uncertainty associated with this value should be known and reported. The uncertainty associated with individual lysimeter-mass measurements has been previously presented, but ET-measurement uncertainty is a function of water-budget measurements (percolate volume, water-storage change, etc.), measurement-component uncertainty (uncertainty in mass and percolation measurements), and systematic error (e.g., load-cell and potentiometer slope bias). The Coshocton lysimeters were not sufficiently accurate to compute hourly ET to the desired depth resolution, thus a quality-improvement plan was initiated that utilized Pareto analysis. The objectives of this article are to: (1) derive expressions for ET uncertainty; (2) determine the effect of the quality-improvement procedures applied to the Coshocton lysimeters on ET-measurement uncertainty; (3) perform an error analysis on the measurement components of the improved Coshocton weighing lysimeters. The quality improvements reduced the ET uncertainty from 0.36 mm/d to 0.032 mm/d under the condition of no rainfall (ET and percolation only). The ET-measurement uncertainty of the improved Coshocton lysimeters was sensitive to various measurement components especially the number of rainfall events and the uncertainty associated with mass and percolation measurements. This indicates that the improved measurement systems of the Coshocton weighing lysimeters are sufficiently accurate to compute hourly ET, and that lysimeter-mass and percolation measurements should be monitored regularly (quality-control procedures should be followed). JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Malone, R W AU - Bonta, J V AU - Stewardson, D J AU - Nelsen, T AD - USDA-ARS, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, PO Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, malone@coshocton.com Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 271 EP - 280 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Error Analysis KW - Measuring Instruments KW - Rainfall KW - Lysimeters KW - Evapotranspiration KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17674777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Error+analysis+and+quality+improvement+of+the+Coshocton+weighing+lysimeters&rft.au=Malone%2C+R+W%3BBonta%2C+J+V%3BStewardson%2C+D+J%3BNelsen%2C+T&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Measuring Instruments; Error Analysis; Rainfall; Lysimeters; Evapotranspiration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrification treatment of swine wastewater with acclimated nitrifying sludge immobilized in polymer pellets AN - 17670366; 4761090 AB - Nitrification of ammonia (NH sub(4) super(+)) is a critical component for improved systems of animal wastewater treatment. One of the most effective processes uses nitrifying microorganisms encapsulated in polymer resins. It is used in Japan in municipal wastewater treatment plants for higher nitrification rates, shorter hydraulic retention times (HRT), and lower aeration treatment cost. We evaluated whether this technology could be adapted for treatment of higher-strength lagoon swine wastewaters containing similar to 230 mg NH sub(4)-N L super(-1) and 195 mg BOD sub(5) L super(-1). A culture of acclimated lagoon nitrifying sludge (ALNS) was prepared from a nitrifying biofilm developed in an overland flow soil using fill-and-draw cultivation. The ALNS was successfully immobilized in 3- to 5-mm polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer pellets by a PVA-freezing method. Swine wastewater was treated in aerated, suspended bioreactors with a 15% (w/v) pellet concentration using batch and continuous flow treatment. Alkalinity was supplemented with inorganic carbon to maintain the liquid pH within an optimum range (7.7-8.4). In batch treatment, only 14 h were needed for nitrification of NH sub(4) super(+). Ammonia was nitrified readily, decreasing at a rate of 16.1 mg NH sub(4)-N L super(-1) h super(-1). In contrast, it took 10 d for a control (no-pellets) aerated reactor to start nitrification; furthermore, 70% of the N was lost by air stripping. Without alkalinity supplements, the pH of the liquid fell to 6.0-6.2, and NH sub(4) super(+) oxidation stopped. In continuous flow treatment, nitrification efficiencies of 95% were obtained with NH sub(4) super(+) loading rates of 418 mg-N L-reactor super(-1) d super(-1) (2.73 g-N g-pellet super(-1) d super(-1)) and an HRT of 12 h. The rate of nitrification obtained with HRT of 4 h was 567 mg-N L super(-1) d super(-1). In all cases, the NH sub(4)-N removed was entirely recovered in oxidized N forms. Nitrification rates obtained in this work were comparable to rates obtained with municipal systems. This indicates that immobilized ALNS pellets were not greatly affected by high NH sub(4) super(+) or BOD concentration of swine wastewater. Thus, immobilized pellet technology can be adapted for fast and efficient removal of NH sub(4) super(+) contained in anaerobic swine lagoons using acclimated microorganisms. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Vanotti, M B AU - Hunt, P G AD - USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA, vanotti@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 405 EP - 414 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Anaerobic Conditions KW - Anaerobically KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Ammonia KW - Lagooning KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Lagoons KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Animal manures KW - Nitrification KW - Animal Wastes KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17670366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Nitrification+treatment+of+swine+wastewater+with+acclimated+nitrifying+sludge+immobilized+in+polymer+pellets&rft.au=Vanotti%2C+M+B%3BHunt%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Vanotti&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manure; Animal wastes; Nitrification; Ammonia; Anaerobic conditions; Wastewater treatment; Lagoons; Anaerobically; Lagooning; Animal manures; Anaerobic Conditions; Animal Wastes; Wastewater Treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest owner incentives to protect riparian habitat AN - 17665375; 4713231 AB - Private landowners increasingly are asked to cooperate with landscape-level management to protect or enhance ecological resources. We examine the willingness of nonindustrial private forest owners in the Pacific Northwest (USA) to forego harvesting within riparian areas to improve riparian habitat. An empirical model is developed describing owners' willingness to accept an economic incentive to adopt a 200-foot harvest buffer along streams as a function of their forest ownership objectives and socioeconomic characteristics. Results suggest that owners' willingness to forego harvest varies by their forest ownership objectives. Mean incentive payments necessary to induce owners to forego harvest in riparian areas are higher for owners possessing primarily timber objectives ($128-137/ acre/year) than for owners possessing both timber and nontimber objectives ($54-69/acre/year) or primarily recreation objectives ($38-57/acre/year). JF - Ecological Economics AU - Kline, J D AU - Alig, R J AU - Johnson, R L AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, jeffrey.kline@orst.edu Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 29 EP - 43 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - USA KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Forests KW - Streams KW - Environmental perception KW - Environmental protection KW - Logging KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Recreation KW - Economics KW - Riparian environments KW - Conservation KW - M1 210:Human Population-Geosphere Interactions KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04692:Environmental perception UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17665375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Forest+owner+incentives+to+protect+riparian+habitat&rft.au=Kline%2C+J+D%3BAlig%2C+R+J%3BJohnson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Riparian environments; Conservation; Environmental protection; Environmental perception; Economics; Streams; Recreation; Socio-economic aspects; Logging; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular Association of Glucosyltransferases in Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Effects of Detergent on Cell Association AN - 17652349; 4726250 AB - Most glucosyltransferase (GTF) activity in sucrose-grown cultures of some strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides is found with the cell pellet after centrifugation. GTFs are known to bind to dextrans, and it was traditionally assumed that cell-associated GTFs were bound to those dextrans that cosedimented with the cells. We used a mutant strain (LC-17), derived from strain NRRL B-1355, which produced dextransucrase in the absence of dextrans, to investigate the extent to which GTFs were bound to cells or dextrans. Much of the GTF activity in glucose-grown cultures of strain LC-17, which do not produce dextran, was located in the cell pellets. Soluble enzyme activity increased when cell suspensions from glucose- or sucrose-grown cultures were incubated with mild nonionic detergents or zwitterionic reagents. Alternansucrase produced by the parent strain B-1355 was almost entirely associated with cells under conditions in which dextrans were or were not produced. Alternansucrase, but not dextransucrase, tended to be enriched in the particulate fraction of B-1355 cells that had been broken in a French press. The distribution of alternansucrase and the effects of detergents on the distribution of GTFs suggest that soluble GTFs sequestered in the cytoplasm, and GTFs bound or adsorbed to the cell membrane are probably the major contributors to the cell-associated GTF activity. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Zahnley, J C AU - Smith, M R AD - Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA, jczahnley@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 57 EP - 70 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - glucose KW - glucosyltransferase KW - sucrose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Cell suspensions KW - Detergents KW - Dextransucrase KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17652349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Cellular+Association+of+Glucosyltransferases+in+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+and+Effects+of+Detergent+on+Cell+Association&rft.au=Zahnley%2C+J+C%3BSmith%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Zahnley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Detergents; Dextransucrase; Cell suspensions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-dependent and species-specific responses of pine bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to monoterpenes in association with pheromones AN - 17622705; 4761511 AB - Monoterpenes affected the attraction of three sympatric species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to pheromone-baited multiple-funnel traps in stands of lodgepole pine. Catches of Ips pini (Say) in traps baited with its pheromone, ipsdienol, were directly related to the release rates of 3-carene, beta -phellandrene, and beta -pinene. Catches of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins in traps baited with exo-brevicomin and cis- and trans-verbenol were directly related to the release rates of 3-carene, myrcene, and beta -phellandrene. Ips latidens (LeConte) exhibited preferences for traps baited with ipsenol and beta -phellandrene or beta -pinene but not in a dose-dependent fashion. Catches of I. latidens in traps baited with its pheromone, ipsenol, were inversely proportional to the release rates of 3-carene, myrcene, and terpinolene. Similarly, catches of I. pini in traps baited with its pheromone, ipsdienol, were inversely proportional to the release rates of myrcene and terpinolene. These results demonstrate a degree of species specificity among three phloeophagous species with respect to preferred host odours. The bark beetle predators-associates Lasconotus complex LeConte (Coleoptera: Colydiidae) and Corticeus Piller and Mitterpacher sp. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) demonstrated some measure of specificity to monoterpenes in their responses to ipsdienol-baited funnel traps. gamma -Terpinene increased attraction of L. complex but had no effect on Corticeus sp., whereas alpha - and beta -pinene increased attraction of Corticeus sp. but had no effect on L. complex. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Miller AU - Borden, J H AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602-2044, USA, dmiller/srs_athens@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 183 EP - 195 VL - 132 IS - 2 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Pine engraver KW - Mountain pine beetle KW - Coleoptera KW - Bark beetles KW - 3-Carene KW - beta -Phellandrene KW - beta -Pinene KW - brevicomin KW - ipsdienol KW - myrcene KW - verbenol KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - ^b-Pinene KW - ^b-Phellandrene KW - Scolytidae KW - Corticeus KW - Ips latidens KW - Dendroctonus ponderosae KW - Sympatric populations KW - Attractancy KW - Aggregation pheromone KW - Lasconotus complex KW - Ips pini KW - Traps KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17622705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Dose-dependent+and+species-specific+responses+of+pine+bark+beetles+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+to+monoterpenes+in+association+with+pheromones&rft.au=Miller%3BBorden%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ips latidens; Ips pini; Dendroctonus ponderosae; Lasconotus complex; Corticeus; Scolytidae; Attractancy; Aggregation pheromone; Sympatric populations; Traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ophiosphaerella agrostis sp. nov. and its relationship to other species of Ophiosphaerella AN - 17621668; 4767266 AB - Creeping bentgrass commonly is grown on golf courses in the United States. In the fall of 1998, symptoms of a new disease were observed on bentgrass putting greens in three states. The causal agent was determined to be an undescribed species of Ophiosphaerella based on morphological characteristics. This was supported by sequence analysis of the complete ITS region of the rDNA. A new species, Ophiosphaerella agrostis, is described based on these morphological and molecular analyses. Intraspecific genetic variation was assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphism DNA fingerprinting of 17 isolates collected from nine different locations. A 90% similarity was found among the isolates. JF - Mycologia AU - Camara, MPS AU - O'Neill, N R AU - Van Berkum, P AU - Dernoeden, PH AU - Palm, ME AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Rm. 329, B-011A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, maryp@nt.ars-grin.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 317 EP - 325 VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - new species KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plant diseases KW - Grasses KW - Ophiosphaerella KW - Taxonomy KW - Ophiosphaerella agrostis KW - New species KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17621668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Ophiosphaerella+agrostis+sp.+nov.+and+its+relationship+to+other+species+of+Ophiosphaerella&rft.au=Camara%2C+MPS%3BO%27Neill%2C+N+R%3BVan+Berkum%2C+P%3BDernoeden%2C+PH%3BPalm%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Camara&rft.aufirst=MPS&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ophiosphaerella agrostis; Ophiosphaerella; Plant diseases; Grasses; New species; Taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of a New Phytoplasma from Diseased Chayote in Brazil AN - 17604051; 4730265 AB - Chayote (Sechium edule) (Cucurbitaceae), also known as vegetable pear, mirliton, or mango squash, is a commercially important vegetable crop in Brazil, where it is affected by chayote witches'-broom disease. Affected plants exhibit witches'-broom growths and other symptoms characteristic of plant diseases caused by phytoplasmas. Since previous electron microscopic studies revealed the association of a phytoplasma with chayote witches'-broom, the present work was aimed at detecting and classifying the phytoplasma that may be the causal agent of the disease. Strains of a phytoplasma belonging to group 16SrIII (X-disease phytoplasma group) were discovered in chayote affected by witches'-broom disease and in diseased plants of Momordica charantia that were growing as weeds in fields of chayote in Brazil. On the basis of results from restriction fragment length polymorphism and nucleotide sequence analyses of 16S rDNA, the phytoplasma was classified in a new subgroup, designated subgroup III-J. This classification was supported by a phylogenetic tree constructed by the Neighbor-Joining method. JF - Plant Disease AU - Montano, H G AU - Davis, R E AU - Dally, EL AU - Pimentel, J P AU - Brioso, PST AD - USDA-ARS, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, rdavis@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 429 EP - 436 VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - identification KW - Gourds KW - Brazil KW - phytoplasma KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Witches' broom KW - Sechium edule KW - Cucurbitaceae KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17604051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Identification+and+Phylogenetic+Analysis+of+a+New+Phytoplasma+from+Diseased+Chayote+in+Brazil&rft.au=Montano%2C+H+G%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BDally%2C+EL%3BPimentel%2C+J+P%3BBrioso%2C+PST&rft.aulast=Montano&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cucurbitaceae; Sechium edule; Witches' broom; Phylogeny ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cotton ovule culture: A tool for basic biology, biotechnology and cotton improvement AN - 17603443; 4726208 AB - Nearly 30 years ago the conditions for culturing immature cotton ovules were established to serve as a working research tool for investigating the physiology and biochemistry of fiber development. Not only has this tissue culture method been employed to characterize the biochemistry of plant cell expansion and secondary cell wall synthesis, but ovule cultures have contributed to numerous other aspects of plant cell physiology and development as well. In addition to basic studies on fiber development, cotton ovule cultures have been used to examine plant-fungal interactions, to model low temperature stress responses, to elucidate the pathways responsible for pigment formation in naturally pigmented fiber and to probe how cytoskeletal elements regulate cell wall organization. Success in rescuing Gossypium interspecific hybrids was dependent on ovule culture media formulations that could support early embryo development in ovulo. As tissues produced in culture are analyzed by increasingly more sophisticated techniques, there appear to be some differences between ovule growth in planta and ovule growth in vitro. Discerning how ovule culture fiber development is different from fiber development in field-grown plants can contribute valuable information for crop improvement. Cotton ovule cultures are an especially attractive model system for studying the effects of gravity on cell elongation, cellulose biosynthesis and embryo development and are excellent targets for examining transient expression of introduced gene constructs. With only minor modification, the procedure originally described by C. A. Beasley and I. P. Ting for growing cotton ovules in vitro will continue to be a useful research tool for the foreseeable future. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Triplett, BA AD - USDA-ARS, Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research, Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA, btriplet@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 93 EP - 101 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - improvements KW - biotechnology KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Crop production KW - Reviews KW - Plant breeding KW - Cell culture KW - Media (culture) KW - Crops KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17603443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Cotton+ovule+culture%3A+A+tool+for+basic+biology%2C+biotechnology+and+cotton+improvement&rft.au=Triplett%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Triplett&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Crops; Crop production; Cell culture; Reviews; Plant breeding; Media (culture) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro host range studies with a new baculovirus isolate from the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera) AN - 17600516; 4726967 AB - The in vitro host range of a newly isolated baculovirus from the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella was tested against six lepidopteran cell lines. Two baculoviruses with wide host ranges from the alfalfa looper Autographa californica (A. californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, AcMNPV) and the celery looper Anagrapha falcifera (AfMNPV) were also included in this study for comparative purposes. PxMNPV replicated in all six cell lines and produced occlusion bodies, with HV-AM1 and TN-CL1 cells producing the highest viral titers and greatest number of occlusion bodies. There was no significant replication of AcMNPV and AfMNPV in the HZ-FB33 cell line and thus no production of occlusion bodies. The restriction endonuclease profiles of the three baculoviruses showed similarities but could be readily distinguished from each other. Either HV-AM1 or TN-CL1 would be suitable cell lines for the in vitro production of PxMNPV. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Kariuki, C W AU - McIntosh, AH AU - Goodman, CL AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65203, USA Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 271 EP - 276 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=1071-2690&volume=36&page=271] VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Celery looper KW - Butterflies KW - Moths KW - Lepidoptera KW - Diamondback moths KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Anagrapha falcifera KW - Host range KW - Autographa californica KW - multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Cell culture KW - Plutellidae KW - Plutella xylostella KW - Cell lines KW - Baculovirus KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17600516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=In+vitro+host+range+studies+with+a+new+baculovirus+isolate+from+the+diamondback+moth+Plutella+xylostella+%28L.%29+%28Plutellidae%3A+Lepidoptera%29&rft.au=Kariuki%2C+C+W%3BMcIntosh%2C+AH%3BGoodman%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Kariuki&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1071-2690%282000%29036%280271%3AIVHRSW%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Baculovirus; Plutella xylostella; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Autographa californica; Anagrapha falcifera; multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Plutellidae; Cell culture; Host range; Cell lines DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036(0271:IVHRSW)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water use in a modified summer fallow system on semiarid northern Great Plains AN - 17585841; 4686904 AB - Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major crop on semiarid northern Great Plains of the USA. Attempts to introduce alternate crops have had limited success. Alternate fallow-spring wheat rotation is the most common cultural practice. Our objective was to investigate water use and water use efficiency and suitability of alternative crops in semiarid northern Great Plains agricultural environment. The study was on glacial till Williams loam (fine-loamy mixed, Typic Argiboroll) 11 km north of Culbertson, MT. Plots, replicated four times in randomized blocks, were 12 m x 15 m. Rotations were: (1) fallow, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L), winter wheat; (2) fallow, safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.), barley, winter wheat; (3) fallow, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.), annual legume /grain forage crop, spring wheat; (4) fallow, buckwheat, annual legume/grain forage crop, winter wheat; (5) fallow, spring wheat; (6) continuous spring wheat. Soil water to 1.8 m depth was determined near time of seeding and of harvest by neutron attenuation. The soil reached an upper drained limit of 0.20-0.25 m super(3) m super(-3) water in a 1.8 m profile, equating to no more than 450 m water. Safflower and sunflower used ca. 500 mm water, more water than any of the other crops used. The greatest growing season water use efficiency was captured by the annual forage crop. Except following safflower and sunflower, soil water every spring was near the upper drained limit. Deep rooted crops can have a place in rotations on the semiarid northern Great Plains. But one must be prepared for variable yields and potential reduced yields following deep rooted crops, and for an occasional crop failure. Crop and soil management for alternative crops differ from that of small grain management, requiring some adaptation of management practices. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Aase, J K AU - Pikul, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N. 3600 E. Kimberly USA Y1 - 2000/04/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 01 SP - 345 EP - 357 PB - Elsevier VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Management KW - Soil/water systems KW - Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals) KW - Soil Water KW - Grain Crops KW - Crops KW - Water Use KW - Water use KW - Agricultural practices KW - Semiarid Lands KW - Water management KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Wheat KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 4040:Water demand UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17585841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Water+use+in+a+modified+summer+fallow+system+on+semiarid+northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Aase%2C+J+K%3BPikul%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Aase&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-3774%2899%2900062-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Use; Semiarid Lands; Wheat; Agricultural Practices; Soil Water; Grain Crops; Crops; Water Management; USA, Great Plains; Water use; Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals); Agricultural practices; Soil/water systems; Water management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(99)00062-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of migrating salmon smolt in ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) and California Gull (L. californicus) diets near Priest Rapids Dam, Washington AN - 17555082; 4738244 AB - Ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) and California Gulls (L. californicus) have been implicated in depredations on migrating salmon smolt in the Columbia River. As part of a gull management program conducted in 1995 and 1996, we collected L. delawarensis (n = 120) and L. californicus (n = 45) near Priest Rapids Dam, Washington, and analyzed stomach contents to determine food habits and thus the importance of fish in gull diets. Percent volume measurements and index of relative importance rankings suggested a greater reliance on fish by L. californicus than by L. delawarensis. Peak percent consumption of fish by both species occurred in May, coinciding with peak salmon outmigration through Priest Rapids Dam; and for both species number of fish consumed by gulls was higher below Priest Rapids Dam. Gulls collected prior to, and after, peak smolt migration indicated low importance rankings for fish in both L. delawarensis and L. californicus diets. However, the importance ranking of fish in gull diets changed over time and was higher for both species as the smolt migration peaked in May. JF - Western North American Naturalist AU - York, D L AU - Cummings, J L AU - Steuber, JE AU - Pochop, P A AU - Yoder, CA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 216 EP - 220 PB - Monte L. Bean Life Sciences Museum, Brigham Young University VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 1527-0904, 1527-0904 KW - Ring-billed gull KW - California gull KW - USA, Washington KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Larus californicus KW - Larus delawarensis KW - Oncorhynchus KW - Population dynamics KW - Migration KW - Food selection KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17555082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Importance+of+migrating+salmon+smolt+in+ring-billed+%28Larus+delawarensis%29+and+California+Gull+%28L.+californicus%29+diets+near+Priest+Rapids+Dam%2C+Washington&rft.au=York%2C+D+L%3BCummings%2C+J+L%3BSteuber%2C+JE%3BPochop%2C+P+A%3BYoder%2C+CA&rft.aulast=York&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.issn=15270904&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Larus delawarensis; Larus californicus; Oncorhynchus; Food selection; Diets; Migration; Population dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungicidal activity of natural and synthetic sesquiterpene lactone analogs AN - 17551806; 4733250 AB - Fungicidal activity of 36 natural and synthetic sesquiterpene lactones with guaianolide, trans, trans-germacranolide, cis, cis-germacranolide, melampolide, and eudesmanolide carbon skeletons was evaluated against the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae, C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, and Phomopsis sp. Dose-response data for the active compounds dehydrozaluzanin C, dehydrocostuslactone, 5 alpha -hydroxydehydrocostuslacone, costunolide, and zaluzanin C are presented. A new 96-well microbioassay procedure for fast and easy evaluation of antifungal activity was used to compare these compounds with commercial fungicide standards. Some structure-activity conclusions are also presented. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Wedge, DE AU - Galindo, JCG AU - Macias, F A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, P.O. Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA, dwedge@olemiss.edu Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 747 EP - 757 VL - 53 IS - 7 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - microtiter assay KW - sesquiterpene lactones KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Antifungal agents KW - Colletotrichum gloeosporioides KW - Fungicides KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - Colletotrichum acutatum KW - Colletotrichum fragariae KW - Phomopsis KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17551806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Fungicidal+activity+of+natural+and+synthetic+sesquiterpene+lactone+analogs&rft.au=Wedge%2C+DE%3BGalindo%2C+JCG%3BMacias%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Wedge&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum acutatum; Colletotrichum fragariae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Fusarium oxysporum; Botrytis cinerea; Phomopsis; Fungicides; Antifungal agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal Requirements for Development of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) AN - 17549029; 4732073 AB - The root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) was reared on artificial diet under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. The lower thermal threshold for development of neonate larvae was estimated to be 15 degree C. The growth rate of neonate larvae increased exponentially with increasing temperature up to 30 degree C. The growth rate of later instars, however, was suppressed at 30 degree C and mortality was higher than that of larvae reared at 26 degree C. Larvae reared as late instars only (>56 d old), or continuously at 30 degree C, had increased mortality and produced smaller adults than larvae reared at 22 and 26 degree C. Larvae reared as late instars only (>56 d) or continuously at 22 degree C had similar survival rates compared with those reared at 26 degree C, and they emerged as larger adults compared with larvae reared at 26 or 30 degree C. The time required for development from neonate to pupation was 125 plus or minus 3 d (mean plus or minus SEM, n = 38) at 26 degree C. Duration of the pupal stage was inversely proportional to temperature between 22 and 30 degree C. Pupal mortality was higher at 30 degree C than at 22 or 26 degree C. The total time required for a single generation from oviposition to adult emergence was estimated to be 154 d at 26 degree C and adequate humidity. Cumulative mean air and soil temperatures and rainfall for a location in central Florida were analyzed and presented for the period October 1991 through January 1999. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Lapointe, S L AD - U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2001 South Rock Road, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 150 EP - 156 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - larvae KW - Snout beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Diaprepes abbreviatus KW - Mortality KW - Artificial diets KW - Pupation KW - Development KW - Curculionidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17549029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Thermal+Requirements+for+Development+of+Diaprepes+abbreviatus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29&rft.au=Lapointe%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Lapointe&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Diaprepes abbreviatus; Development; Temperature effects; Artificial diets; Mortality; Pupation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender specialization in heterodichogamous Grayia brandegei (Chenopodiaceae): evidence for an alternative pathway to dioecy AN - 17546213; 4726599 AB - We examined components of male and female reproductive success in protogynous and protandrous sexual morphs of the heterodichogamous and largely monoecious chenopod shrub Grayia brandegei. Percentage femaleness of flowering stalks ranged from 0 to 37.6% female (X = 15.5%) for protandrous plants and from 14 to 100% female (X = 55.8%) for protogynous plants. Functional gender estimates based on ovule production at two locations ranged from 23.0 to 31.8% female for the protandrous morph, and from 65.3 to 77.0% female for the protogynous morph. Realized gender estimates based on total seed production ranged in value from 3.6 to 16.8% female for the protandrous morph and from 76.5 to 96.4% for the protogynous morph, depending on location and year. Differences in reproductive success of the two morphs were largely due to a reduction in the female function of protandrous plants. Protogynous plants produced more female flowers per stalk and had a higher percentage of seed-filled fruits than did protandrous plants. Differences between sexual morphs were more pronounced in dry areas or years in which overall seed production was minimal. Differential seed production between morphs likely reflects temporal patchiness in environmental conditions, particularly in water availability. The significance of these findings in support of heterodichogamy as an evolutionary pathway to dioecy is discussed. JF - American Journal of Botany AU - Pendleton, R L AU - Freeman, D C AU - McArthur, ED AU - Sanderson, S C AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Laboratory, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606, USA Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 508 EP - 516 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9122, 0002-9122 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Grayia brandegei KW - Reproductive organs KW - Reproductive strategy KW - Breeding success KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17546213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Gender+specialization+in+heterodichogamous+Grayia+brandegei+%28Chenopodiaceae%29%3A+evidence+for+an+alternative+pathway+to+dioecy&rft.au=Pendleton%2C+R+L%3BFreeman%2C+D+C%3BMcArthur%2C+ED%3BSanderson%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Pendleton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00029122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grayia brandegei; Breeding success; Reproductive strategy; Reproductive organs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endemic Forest Disturbances and Stand Structure of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Upper Pine Creek Research Natural Area, South Dakota, USA AN - 17535732; 4719365 AB - Disturbances are natural and essential components of healthy ecosystems, but their ecological roles in the maintenance of endemic conditions for an area (that is, long-established levels of activity that are of low magnitude and relatively static intensity and cause unnoticed or relatively low amounts of tree killing, defoliation, or deformation) are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model of stand development that links stand structure with underlying tree-killing disturbances. Transect surveys were used to identify and assess stand structure of a 60-ha study site in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Laws. & C. Laws.) stand with no harvest or management history. The site was composed of a mosaic of four different stages of stand development. The conceptual model hypothesized that different disturbance agents were associated with different stand types, and that these agents played two basic ecological roles: (1) fire, wind, and epidemic populations of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) killed trees over large enough areas to allow new stands to develop, and (2) suppression, competition, ice/snow buildup, western gall rust, endemic mountain pine beetle populations, wildfire, shrub competition, poor site quality, low light intensity, limb rust, wind, lightning, and armillaria root disease created small-scale canopy gaps that changed the growth environment for established trees and thereby influenced stand development and structure. The importance of single agents may be difficult to estimate because disturbances interact concurrently and sequentially in time and space. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Lundquist, JE AU - Negron, J F AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 W. Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, jlundqui/rmrs@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 126 EP - 132 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - USA, South Dakota KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Natural disturbance KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Stand structure KW - Forests KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17535732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Endemic+Forest+Disturbances+and+Stand+Structure+of+Ponderosa+Pine+%28Pinus+ponderosa%29+in+the+Upper+Pine+Creek+Research+Natural+Area%2C+South+Dakota%2C+USA&rft.au=Lundquist%2C+JE%3BNegron%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Lundquist&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Natural disturbance; Stand structure; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi by hydroxy fatty acids AN - 17528322; 4719029 AB - Hydroxy fatty acids are plant self-defense substances. Three types of hydroxy fatty acids: 10-hydroxystearic acid (HSA), 7S,10S-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD), and 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA) were tested against the following plant pathogenic fungi: Erysiphe graminis f sp tritici (common disease name, wheat powdery mildew); Puccinia recondita (wheat leaf rust); Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (wheat foot rot); Septoria nodorum (wheat glume blotch); Pyricularia grisea (rice blast); Rhizoctonia solani (rice sheath blight); Phytophthora infestans (potato late blight); and Botrytis cinerea (cucumber botrytis). At a concentration of 200 ppm, both HSA and DOD showed no fungal disease control activity. However, THOA at the same concentration showed weak activity and provided disease control (percent) of the following plant pathogenic fungi: Erysiphe graminis 77%; Puccinia recondita 86%; Phytophthora infestans 56%; and Botrytis cinerea 63%. The position of the hydroxy groups on the fatty acids seems to play an important role in activity against specific fungi. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Hou, C T AU - Forman, RJ III AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, houct@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 275 EP - 276 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - 10-Hydroxystearic acid KW - 12,13,17-Trihydroxy-9-Z-octadecenoic acid KW - 7,10-Dihydroxystearic acid KW - hydroxy fatty acids KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Puccinia recondita KW - Plant diseases KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Septoria nodorum KW - Erysiphe graminis tritici KW - Pyricularia grisea KW - Fungicides KW - Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides KW - Fatty acids KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17528322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Growth+inhibition+of+plant+pathogenic+fungi+by+hydroxy+fatty+acids&rft.au=Hou%2C+C+T%3BForman%2C+RJ+III&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erysiphe graminis tritici; Puccinia recondita; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides; Septoria nodorum; Rhizoctonia solani; Pyricularia grisea; Phytophthora infestans; Botrytis cinerea; Fungicides; Plant diseases; Fatty acids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes more-severe systemic disease in suckling piglets than in colostrum-deprived neonatal piglets AN - 17515975; 4704218 AB - Our objective was to determine if suckling neonatal piglets are susceptible to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 disease. Surprisingly, EHEC O157:H7 caused more-rapid and more-severe neurological disease in suckling neonates than in those fed an artificial diet. Shiga toxin-negative O157:H7 did not cause neurological disease but colonized and caused attaching-and-effacing intestinal lesions. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Pohlenz, JFL AU - Moon, H W AU - O'Brien, AD AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA, enystrom@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 2356 EP - 2358 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - colonization KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Immunity (passive) KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Intestine KW - Artificial diets KW - Escherichia coli O157:H7 KW - Suckling behavior KW - Nervous system diseases KW - Hemorrhagic enteritis KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Shiga toxin KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17515975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+causes+more-severe+systemic+disease+in+suckling+piglets+than+in+colostrum-deprived+neonatal+piglets&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BPohlenz%2C+JFL%3BMoon%2C+H+W%3BO%27Brien%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.68.4.2356-2358.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli O157:H7; Shiga toxin; Suckling behavior; Hemorrhagic enteritis; Artificial diets; Nervous system diseases; Food-borne diseases; Intestine; Immunity (passive); Veterinary medicine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.4.2356-2358.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of acid adaptation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on efficacy of acetic acid spray washes to decontaminate beef carcass tissue AN - 17513672; 4704271 AB - Exposure to low pH and organic acids in the bovine gastrointestinal tract may result in the induced acid resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other pathogens that may subsequently contaminate beef carcasses. The effect of acid adaptation of E. coli O157:H7 on the ability of acetic acid spray washing to reduce populations of this organism on beef carcass tissue was examined. Stationary-phase acid resistance and the ability to induce acid tolerance were determined for a collection of E. coli O157:H7 strains by testing the survival of acid-adapted and unadapted cells in HCl-acidified tryptic soy broth (pH 2.5). Three E. coli O157:H7 strains that were categorized as acid resistant (ATCC 43895) or acid sensitive (ATCC 43890) or that demonstrated inducible acid tolerance (ATCC 43889) were used in spray wash studies. Prerigor beef carcass surface tissue was inoculated with bovine feces containing either acid-adapted or unadapted E. coli O157:H7. The beef tissue was subjected to spray washing treatments with water or 2% acetic acid or left untreated. For strains ATCC 43895 and 43889, larger populations of acid-adapted cells than of unadapted cells remained on beef tissue following 2% acetic acid treatments and these differences remained throughout 14 days of 4 degree C storage. For both strains, numbers of acid-adapted cells remaining on tissue following 2% acetic acid treatments were similar to numbers of both acid-adapted and unadapted cells remaining on tissue following water treatments. For strain ATCC 43890, there was no difference between populations of acid-adapted and unadapted cells remaining on beef tissue immediately following 2% acetic acid treatments. These data indicate that adaptation to acidic conditions by E. coli O157:H7 can negatively influence the effectiveness of 2% acetic acid spray washing in reducing the numbers of this organism on carcasses. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Berry, ED AU - Cutter, C N AD - USDA, ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA, berry@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 1493 EP - 1498 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Escherichia coli KW - beef KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Disinfection KW - Sprays KW - Escherichia coli O157:H7 KW - Decontamination KW - Food contamination KW - Carcasses KW - Resistance KW - Acids KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17513672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+acid+adaptation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+on+efficacy+of+acetic+acid+spray+washes+to+decontaminate+beef+carcass+tissue&rft.au=Berry%2C+ED%3BCutter%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.66.4.1493-1498.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli O157:H7; Acids; Resistance; Decontamination; Food contamination; Sprays; Carcasses; Disinfection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.4.1493-1498.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of acid adaptation, product pH, and heating on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in pepperoni AN - 17513452; 4704298 AB - The thermotolerance of E. coli O157:H7 cells (strain 380-94) heated in pepperoni is reported. Information on the pattern of thermal inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in pepperoni was applied in the development of heating processes designed to reduce E. coli O157:H7 numbers therein by 5 log sub(10) units. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Riordan, DCR AU - Duffy, G AU - Sheridan, J J AU - Whiting, R C AU - Blair, I S AU - McDowell, DA AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Ln., Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, driordan@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 1726 EP - 1729 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - pepperoni KW - Escherichia coli KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Temperature KW - Escherichia coli O157:H7 KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Thermal stability KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17513452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+acid+adaptation%2C+product+pH%2C+and+heating+on+survival+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+pepperoni&rft.au=Riordan%2C+DCR%3BDuffy%2C+G%3BSheridan%2C+J+J%3BWhiting%2C+R+C%3BBlair%2C+I+S%3BMcDowell%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Riordan&rft.aufirst=DCR&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.66.4.1726-1729.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli O157:H7; Food contamination; Microbial contamination; Temperature; pH; Temperature effects; pH effects; Thermal stability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.4.1726-1729.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence and Molecular Polymorphism in International Collections of the Wheat Leaf Rust Fungus Puccinia triticina AN - 17512297; 4698569 AB - Collections of Puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust fungus, were obtained from Great Britain, Slovakia, Israel, Germany, Australia, Italy, Spain, Hungary, South Africa, Uruguay, New Zealand, Brazil, Pakistan, Nepal, and eastern and western Canada. All single-uredinial isolates derived from the collections were tested for virulence polymorphism on 22 Thatcher wheat lines that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. Based on virulence phenotype, selected isolates were also tested for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using 11 primers. The national collections were placed into 11 groups based on previously established epidemiological zones. Among the 131 single-uredinial isolates, 105 virulence phenotypes and 82 RAPD phenotypes were described. In a modified analysis of variance, 26% of the virulence variation was due to differences in isolates between groups, with the remainder attributable to differences within groups. Of the RAPD variation, 36% was due to differences in isolates between groups. Clustering based on the average virulence distance (simple distance coefficient) within and between groups resulted in eight groups that differed significantly. Collections from Australia-New Zealand, Spain, Italy, and Britain did not differ significantly for virulence. Clustering of RAPD marker differences (1 - Dice coefficient) distinguished nine groups that differed significantly. Collections from Spain and Italy did not differ significantly for RAPD variation, neither did collections from western Canada and South America. Groups of isolates distinguished by avirulent/virulent infection types to wheat lines with resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, and Lr3 also differed significantly for RAPD distance, showing a general relationship between virulence and RAPD phenotype. The results indicated that on a worldwide level collections of P. triticina differ for virulence and molecular backgrounds. JF - Phytopathology AU - Kolmer, JA AU - Liu, J Q AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA, james_kolmer@ncsu.edu Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 427 EP - 436 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - wheat leaf rust KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Virulence KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Geographical distribution KW - Leaf rust KW - Puccinia triticina KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Phenotypes KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17512297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Virulence+and+Molecular+Polymorphism+in+International+Collections+of+the+Wheat+Leaf+Rust+Fungus+Puccinia+triticina&rft.au=Kolmer%2C+JA%3BLiu%2C+J+Q&rft.aulast=Kolmer&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Puccinia triticina; Virulence; Leaf rust; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Phenotypes; Geographical distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stand-age, stand characteristics, and landform effects on understory herbaceous communities in southern Appalachian cove-hardwoods AN - 17509609; 4698379 AB - We surveyed cove-hardwood stands aged 15, 25, 50 and greater than or equal to 85 years in the southern Appalachian Mountains of northern Georgia to assess the effects of stand-age, stand characteristics, and landform on understory herbaceous communities from April to September 1995. Of 69 species and/or genera of spring-late summer herbaceous flora recorded, only four species' abundances differed among stand-ages surveyed. Disporum lanuginosum was more abundant in older stands than in younger stands. Tiarella cordifolia was absent in 25-year-old stands, but common in 15, 50, and greater than or equal to 85-year-old stands, and Lysimachia quadrifolia and Potentilla canadensis were more common in 25-year-old stands than in older stands and 15-year-old stands. Species richness, diversity, and evenness values did not differ by stand-age. Stand characteristics and landform variables that were related to herb species richness, diversity, and evenness values included stand basal area, mean percent canopy cover, extent of connected cove habitat, and area of cove habitat within 1 km radius of surveyed stands. Our results indicate that landscape measures such as patch size or extent of similar habitat, and connectivity to other suitable patches or habitats may be important considerations for assessing understory herbaceous community recovery following disturbances such as forest management activities. JF - Biological Conservation AU - Ford, WM AU - Odom, R H AU - Hale, P E AU - Chapman, B R AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287, USA, wford/r9_monong@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 237 EP - 246 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0006-3207, 0006-3207 KW - USA, Georgia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Lysimachia quadrifolia KW - Age KW - Potentilla canadensis KW - Tiarella cordifolia KW - Abundance KW - Stands KW - Patches KW - Forests KW - Disporum lanuginosum KW - Disturbance KW - Understory KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17509609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=Stand-age%2C+stand+characteristics%2C+and+landform+effects+on+understory+herbaceous+communities+in+southern+Appalachian+cove-hardwoods&rft.au=Ford%2C+WM%3BOdom%2C+R+H%3BHale%2C+P+E%3BChapman%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Conservation&rft.issn=00063207&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0006-3207%2899%2900126-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Disporum lanuginosum; Tiarella cordifolia; Lysimachia quadrifolia; Potentilla canadensis; Stands; Understory; Forests; Abundance; Age; Patches; Disturbance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00126-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rotifers Ingest Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum AN - 17503789; 4696306 AB - Six genera of rotifers including Philodina, Monostyla, Epiphanes, Euchlanis, Brachionus, and Asplanchna were exposed to oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum cleaned of fecal debris. Unstained oocysts and those stained with fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody were added to suspensions of viable rotifers and were examined by phase-contrast, differential interference contrast, and fluorescence microscopy. Rotifers of all six genera were observed ingesting oocysts. A maximum of 25 oocysts was observed in the stomachs of Euchlanis and Brachionus. Euchlanis and Epiphanes were observed excreting boluses containing up to eight oocysts. It was not determined whether rotifers digested or otherwise rendered oocysts nonviable. JF - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology AU - Fayer, R AU - Trout, J M AU - Walsh, E AU - Cole, R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA, rfayer@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 161 EP - 163 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 1066-5234, 1066-5234 KW - Rotifers KW - Wheel animalcules KW - fluorescence microscopy KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Diets KW - Food organisms KW - Human diseases KW - Euchlanis KW - Oocysts KW - Predation KW - Monostyla KW - Pathogens KW - Freshwater KW - Epiphanes KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - Public health KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Brachionus KW - Oocytes KW - Rotifera KW - Prey KW - Asplanchna KW - Philodina KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - K 03012:Protozoa KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17503789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Eukaryotic+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rotifers+Ingest+Oocysts+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R%3BTrout%2C+J+M%3BWalsh%2C+E%3BCole%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Eukaryotic+Microbiology&rft.issn=10665234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1066-5234%282000%29047%280161%3ARIOOCP%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Food organisms; Human diseases; Feeding behaviour; Predation; Oocytes; Pathogens; Public health; Oocysts; Prey; Euchlanis; Monostyla; Brachionus; Epiphanes; Rotifera; Philodina; Cryptosporidium parvum; Asplanchna; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1066-5234(2000)047(0161:RIOOCP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 prevalence in feces, hides, and carcasses of beef cattle during processing AN - 17500534; 4693680 AB - A survey was performed to estimate the frequency of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 or O157:nonmotile (EHEC O157) in feces and on hides within groups of fed cattle from single sources (lots) presented for slaughter at meat processing plants in the Midwestern United States, as well as frequency of carcass contamination during processing from cattle within the same lots. Of 29 lots sampled, 72% had at least one EHEC O157-positive fecal sample and 38% had positive hide samples. Overall, EHEC O157 prevalence in feces and on hides was 28% (91 of 327) and 11% (38 of 355), respectively. Carcass samples were taken at three points during processing: preevisceration, postevisceration before antimicrobial intervention, and postprocessing after carcasses entered the cooler. Of 30 lots sampled, 87% had at least one EHEC O157-positive preevisceration sample, 57% of lots were positive postevisceration, and 17% had positive postprocessing samples. Prevalence of EHEC O157 in the three postprocessing samples was 43% (148 of 341), 18% (59 of 332) and 2% (6 of 330), respectively. Reduction in carcass prevalence from preevisceration to postprocessing suggests that sanitary procedures were effective within the processing plants. Fecal and hide prevalence were significantly correlated with carcass contamination (P = 0.001), indicating a role for control of EHEC O157 in live cattle. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Elder, RO AU - Keen, JE AU - Siragusa, G R AU - Barkocy-Gallagher, G A AU - Koohmaraie, M AU - Laegreid, W W AD - United States Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, NE 68933, laegreid@emailmarc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03/28/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 28 SP - 2999 EP - 3003 VL - 97 IS - 7 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Abattoirs KW - Carcasses KW - Beef KW - Escherichia coli KW - Hides KW - Feces KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17500534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+O157+prevalence+in+feces%2C+hides%2C+and+carcasses+of+beef+cattle+during+processing&rft.au=Elder%2C+RO%3BKeen%2C+JE%3BSiragusa%2C+G+R%3BBarkocy-Gallagher%2C+G+A%3BKoohmaraie%2C+M%3BLaegreid%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=RO&rft.date=2000-03-28&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Beef; Carcasses; Hides; Feces; Abattoirs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relationship of land use practices to surface water quality in the Upper Oconee Watershed of Georgia AN - 17583069; 4686890 AB - On a watershed scale, geospatial information can be used to identify water resources that are least buffered from contamination. Implementing conservation practices at these locations may accelerate the process of increasing a watershed's ability to support its designated uses. The Upper Oconee Watershed of Georgia contains land areas devoted to poultry, dairy, and beef production. Within these historically agricultural lands, urbanization is proceeding rapidly around existing cities. Agricultural production practices are concentrated in the watershed with poultry in the headwaters area and dairy near a major lake (Lake Oconee). The objective of this research was to relate data sets representing surface water quality at selected sites throughout the watershed to the predominant land use in that portion of the watershed. The location of 550 poultry operations in the headwaters of the Upper Oconee Watershed, away from the city of Athens GA, has minimized conflicts between agricultural and urban interests. Phosphorus, nitrogen, and fecal coliform bacteria were high near the poultry production area, but were reduced within the watershed prior to reaching the intake for the municipal water supply. Athens had a large impact on surface water quality and approximately doubled the amount of phosphorus and nitrogen in the Oconee River. The Oconee River contributed approximately 70% of the water flowing to Lake Oconee. The residents of Lake Oconee have noted the 30 dairies located west of the lake impacting two relatively minor creeks flowing to the lake. These two creeks make up approximately 2.5% of the flow to the lake, but the proximity of the dairies to the lake makes losses of phosphorus, nitrogen, and fecal bacteria apparent in water samples. Fecal coliform numbers were elevated in some creeks with little agricultural or urban development. To test alternative microbial assays, surface water from a grazed watershed was compared to water from a wooded watershed. Assays for enterococci and E. coli may provide a better test for fecal contamination and allow differentiation between natural areas and areas impacted by grazing animals. Analysis of the Upper Oconee Watershed identified agricultural impacts and areas that should be priorities for natural resource management to reduce agricultural non-point source pollution. Focusing conservation efforts at these locations may prevent agricultural-urban conflict. However, the data also indicate that municipal sources of nutrients and fecal bacteria must be reduced to make significant progress in the watershed. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Fisher, D S AD - USDA-ARS, J. Phil Campbell, Sr., Natural Resource Conservation Center, 1420 Experiment Station Road Watkinsville, GA USA Y1 - 2000/03/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 15 SP - 39 EP - 48 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 128 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Georgia KW - USA, Georgia, Athens KW - USA, Georgia, Oconee L. KW - USA, Georgia, Upper Oconee Watershed KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Water Pollution KW - Poultry KW - Poultry farming KW - Nutrients KW - Microbial contamination KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Resources Management KW - Agricultural practices KW - Feces KW - Water Quality KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Land use KW - Dairy industry KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Conservation KW - Resources KW - Dairy Industry KW - Surface water KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Bacteria (Coliform) KW - Catchment areas KW - Urban areas KW - Bacteria KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Coliforms KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17583069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=The+relationship+of+land+use+practices+to+surface+water+quality+in+the+Upper+Oconee+Watershed+of+Georgia&rft.au=Fisher%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-03-15&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900270-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Watersheds; Nutrients; Land Use; Water Quality; Agricultural Practices; Conservation; Feces; Bacteria; Coliforms; Water Pollution; Resources Management; Poultry; Dairy Industry; USA, Georgia, Upper Oconee Watershed; USA, Georgia, Athens; USA, Georgia, Oconee L.; Catchment areas; Land use; Water quality (Natural waters); Agricultural practices; Bacteria (Coliform); Pollution (Water); Resources; Dairy industry; Surface water; Water quality; Nonpoint pollution; Agricultural pollution; Fecal coliforms; Poultry farming; Urban areas; Microbial contamination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00270-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing the canopy gap structure of a disturbed forest using the Fourier transform AN - 17502587; 4686973 AB - Diseases and other small-scale disturbances alter spatial patterns of heterogeneity in forests by killing trees. Canopy gaps caused by tree death are a common feature of forests. Because gaps are caused by different disturbances acting at different times and places, operationally determining the locations of gap edges is often difficult. In this study, digital image analysis using aerial photos was used to formulate an operational definition of gaps and to compare spatial attributes of canopy gap structure in previously unharvested and harvested stands of ponderosa pine forests in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Fourier transforms of monochrome images of the study areas were edited to sequentially remove higher frequency spatial data implementing a type of moving window analysis where window sizes varied over a range of 1-1300 m super(2). Boolean thresholds were chosen such that the mean gap size approximated the window size for each original image. Plots of mean gap size, mean fractal dimension, double log fractal dimension, and gap size density all versus window size showed distinct differences between treated and untreated plots. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Sommerfeld, R A AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest Research Station, 240 West Prospect Road Fort Collins, CO USA Y1 - 2000/03/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 15 SP - 101 EP - 108 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 128 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17502587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Characterizing+the+canopy+gap+structure+of+a+disturbed+forest+using+the+Fourier+transform&rft.au=Sommerfeld%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Sommerfeld&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-03-15&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900277-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00277-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and antimutagenic activity of soybean saponins. AN - 71019269; 10751618 AB - An extract was prepared from a commercial soybean-processing by-product (soybean molasses) and was fractionated into purified chemical components. In previous work, this extract (phytochemical concentrate, PCC) repressed induced genomic DNA damage, whole cell clastogenicity and point mutation in cultured mammalian cells. In the current study, a chemical fraction was isolated from PCC using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This fraction, PCC100, repressed 2-acetoxyacetylaminofluorene (2AAAF)-induced DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as measured by single cell gel electrophoresis (alkaline Comet assay). Using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, PCC100 was shown to consist of a mixture of group B soyasaponins and 2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) soyasaponins. These include soyasaponins I, II, III, IV, V, Be, betag, betaa, gammag and gammaa. Purified soyasapogenol B aglycone prepared from fraction PCC100 demonstrated significant antigenotoxic activity against 2AAAF. To our knowledge, these data demonstrate for the first time the antimutagenic activity of soybean saponins in mammalian cells. JF - Mutation research AU - Berhow, M A AU - Wagner, E D AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Plewa, M J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 2000/03/14/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 14 SP - 11 EP - 22 VL - 448 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one KW - 0 KW - 7-acetyl-N-acetoxy-2-aminofluorene KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - Carcinogens KW - Fluorenes KW - Mutagens KW - Plant Extracts KW - Pyrones KW - Quinolines KW - Saponins KW - 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline KW - 30GL3D3T0G KW - soyasapogenol B KW - 595-15-3 KW - Oleanolic Acid KW - 6SMK8R7TGJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Quinolines -- toxicity KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - CHO Cells -- drug effects KW - Chemical Fractionation KW - Molasses KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Pyrones -- pharmacology KW - Fluorenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Pyrones -- chemistry KW - Cricetinae KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Soybeans -- chemistry KW - Saponins -- chemistry KW - Oleanolic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Saponins -- pharmacology KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71019269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+antimutagenic+activity+of+soybean+saponins.&rft.au=Berhow%2C+M+A%3BWagner%2C+E+D%3BVaughn%2C+S+F%3BPlewa%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Berhow&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-03-14&rft.volume=448&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineral and thermal waters of the Ipelska Pahorkatina hillyland AN - 17654731; 4722822 AB - Mineral and thermal waters occur at Kalinciakovo, Santovka, Dudince, Slatina and Horne Turovce, in the inner side of the Western Carpathian arc, the south-western margin of the Central Slovak Neovolcanics, and on the so-called Levice spring line. They are important sources of mineral waters for Slovakia, which are used for different purposes (bathing therapy, bottling, recreation). The mineral and thermal waters of Dudince have an extraordinary position among them. The mineral water with its physico-chemical composition and content of gasses enables its wide use for bathing therapy and it occupies a special position among the mineral waters of the Carpathian arc. JF - Environmental Geology AU - Melioris, L AD - Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Hydrogeology, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia, podzvody@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2000/03/14/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 14 SP - 448 EP - 462 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - Slovakia KW - Spas KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Regional Analysis KW - Springs KW - Physicochemical Properties KW - Bottled Water KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Thermal Water KW - Hot springs KW - Slovakia, Nitriansky, Levice Dist., Kalinciakovo KW - Freshwater KW - Mineral Water KW - Public health KW - Slovakia, Nritriansky, Levice Dist., Santovka KW - Recreation KW - Slovakia, Nitriansky, Levice Dist., Slatina KW - Slovakia, Nitriansky, Levice Dist., Horne Turovce KW - Water springs KW - Slovakia, Banskobystricky, Zvolen Dist., Dudince KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17654731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology&rft.atitle=Mineral+and+thermal+waters+of+the+Ipelska+Pahorkatina+hillyland&rft.au=Melioris%2C+L&rft.aulast=Melioris&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-03-14&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geology&rft.issn=09430105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Physicochemical properties; Water springs; Hot springs; Public health; Regional Analysis; Recreation; Springs; Physicochemical Properties; Bottled Water; Thermal Water; Mineral Water; Slovakia, Nritriansky, Levice Dist., Santovka; Slovakia, Nitriansky, Levice Dist., Slatina; Slovakia, Nitriansky, Levice Dist., Horne Turovce; Slovakia, Nitriansky, Levice Dist., Kalinciakovo; Slovakia, Banskobystricky, Zvolen Dist., Dudince; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calorie restriction modulates age-dependent changes in the retinas of Brown Norway rats. AN - 71092210; 10799710 AB - The present study examined the effect of a 40% reduction in caloric intake (CR) versus ad libitum (AL) feeding on retinal aging. CR- and AL-fed Brown Norway (BN) rats were obtained at 12, 24 and 30 months of age from the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR). Age-dependent declines in outer nuclear layer (ONL=photoreceptor) cell densities, ONL height, inner nuclear layer (INL) cell densities, and thicknesses of the inner retina and whole retina were quantified in thick sections at six loci across the circumference of the sensory retina (four peripheral, two central). Data were analyzed by repeated measures, general linear models. Aging in both diet groups was associated with declines in ONL cell density, ONL height, peripheral INL cell density and total retinal thickness (P< or =0.05). However, ONL cell densities, ONL height and retinal thickness were significantly greater in the CR versus AL diet group at all three ages (P< or =0.005). CR was also associated with a trend for greater peripheral INL cell density (P=0.06) and with greater INL thickness at 30 months (Bonferroni P=0.03). Elevated ONL cell densities in the CR-12 cohort relative to the AL-12 cohort could be explained by diet-associated differences in retinal length, i.e. delayed retinal growth in response to CR. Enhanced ONL cell density, ONL height, INL cell density, INL thickness and total retinal thickness in the CR-30 cohort appear to be as a result of reduced rates of retinal cell loss between 24 and 30 months. However, the protective effect of CR in retinas of older animals may also reflect the initial growth-associated enhancements which were observed in 12 month-old animals. The rat retina may provide a useful model for elucidating the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of CR. JF - Mechanisms of ageing and development AU - Obin, M AU - Pike, A AU - Halbleib, M AU - Lipman, R AU - Taylor, A AU - Bronson, R AD - Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. mobin@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2000/03/13/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 13 SP - 133 EP - 147 VL - 114 IS - 2 SN - 0047-6374, 0047-6374 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Rats, Inbred BN KW - Male KW - Retina -- cytology KW - Energy Intake -- physiology KW - Aging -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71092210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mechanisms+of+ageing+and+development&rft.atitle=Calorie+restriction+modulates+age-dependent+changes+in+the+retinas+of+Brown+Norway+rats.&rft.au=Obin%2C+M%3BPike%2C+A%3BHalbleib%2C+M%3BLipman%2C+R%3BTaylor%2C+A%3BBronson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Obin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-03-13&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mechanisms+of+ageing+and+development&rft.issn=00476374&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of fungal growth in planta and in vitro by transgenic tobacco expressing a bacterial nonheme chloroperoxidase gene AN - 17652401; 4722217 AB - Transgenic tobacco plants producing chloroperoxidase (CPO-P), encoded by a novel gene from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia, were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Successful transformation was shown by PCR, Southern, northern and western blot analyses, and assays of CPO-P enzyme activity. Extracts from plants transformed with the CPO-P gene significantly reduced Aspergillus flavus colonies by up to 100% compared with extracts from control plants transformed with pBI121. Compared with controls, the transformed plants showed increased disease resistance in planta against a fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum destructivum, the causal agent of tobacco anthracnose. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Rajasekaran, K AU - Cary, J W AU - Jacks, T AU - Stromberg, K D AU - Cleveland, T AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, krajah@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03/13/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 13 SP - 333 EP - 338 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - tobacco KW - CPO-P gene KW - anthracnose KW - chloroperoxidase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Colletotrichum destructivum KW - Disease resistance KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Transgenic plants KW - Pseudomonas pyrrocinia KW - Agrobacterium tumefaciens KW - Antifungal activity KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17652401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+fungal+growth+in+planta+and+in+vitro+by+transgenic+tobacco+expressing+a+bacterial+nonheme+chloroperoxidase+gene&rft.au=Rajasekaran%2C+K%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BJacks%2C+T%3BStromberg%2C+K+D%3BCleveland%2C+T&rft.aulast=Rajasekaran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-03-13&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum destructivum; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Nicotiana tabacum; Pseudomonas pyrrocinia; Aspergillus flavus; Transgenic plants; Transformation; Disease resistance; Antifungal activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of thin agar layer method for recovery of injured Salmonella typhimurium. AN - 71009109; 10746583 AB - Xylose lysine decarboxylase (XLD) medium, a selective plating medium, can inhibit heat-injured Salmonella typhimurium from growing, whereas tryptic soy agar (TSA), a nonselective medium, does not. To facilitate recovery of heat-injured S. typhimurium cells while providing selectivity of isolation of S. typhimurium from other bacteria in the sample, a thin agar layer (TAL) procedure was developed by overlaying 14 ml of nonselective medium (TSA) onto prepoured and solidified XLD medium in a 8.5 cm diameter Petri dish. During the first few hours of incubating the plate, the injured S. typhimurium repaired and started to grow in the TSA. During the resuscitation of injured cells, the selective agents from XLD were diffused to the TSA top layer part. Once the selective agents diffused to the top part of the TAL, the resuscitated S. typhimurium started to produce a typical reaction (black color) and other microorganisms were inhibited by the selective agents. The recovery rate for heat-injured (55 degrees C for 15 min) S. typhimurium with the TAL method was compared with TSA, XLD, and the traditional overlay method (OV; pouring selective agar on top of resuscitated cells on TSA agar 3-4 h after incubation). No significant difference occurred among TSA, OV, and TAL (P > 0.05) for enumeration of heat-injured S. typhimurium, but they recovered significantly higher numbers than from XLD agar (P < 0.05). JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Kang, D H AU - Fung, D Y AD - Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-1600, USA. kang@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03/10/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 10 SP - 127 EP - 132 VL - 54 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Agar KW - 9002-18-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71009109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Application+of+thin+agar+layer+method+for+recovery+of+injured+Salmonella+typhimurium.&rft.au=Kang%2C+D+H%3BFung%2C+D+Y&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-03-10&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and complementation of a Pichia stipitis mutant unable to grow on d-xylose or l-arabinose AN - 879469026; 13858813 AB - Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 will grow on d-xylose, d-arabinose, and l-arabinose. d-Xylose and l-arabinose are abundant in seed hulls of maize, and their utilization is important in processing grain residues. To elucidate the degradation pathway for l-arabinose, we obtained a mutant, FPL-MY30, that was unable to grow on d-xylose and l-arabinose but that could grow on d-arabinitol. Activity assays of oxidoreductase and pentulokinase enzymes involved in d-xylose, d-arabinose, and l-arabinose pathways indicated that FPL-MY30 is deficient in d-xylitol dehydrogenase (D-XDH), d- and l-arabinitol dehydrogenases, and d-ribitol dehydrogenase. Transforming FPL-MY30 with a gene for xylitol dehydrogenase (PsXYL2), which was cloned from CBS 6054 (Gen Bank AF127801), restored the D-XDH activity and the capacity for FPL-MY30 to grow on l-arabinose. This suggested that FPL-MY30 is critically deficient in XYL2 and that the d-xylose and l-arabinose metabolic pathways have xylitolas a common intermediate. The capacity for FPL-MY30 to grow on d-arabinitol could proceed through d-ribulose. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Shi, Nian-Qing AU - Prahl, Kristine AU - Hendrick, Jim AU - Cruz, Jose AU - Lu, Ping AU - Cho, Jae-Yong AU - Jones, Sharon AU - Jeffries, Thomas AD - Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Drive, 53705, Madison, WI, twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 201 EP - 216 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 84-86 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - L-Arabinose KW - Seeds KW - Complementation KW - Pichia stipitis KW - Zea mays KW - Grain KW - Metabolic pathways KW - oxidoreductase KW - Enzymes KW - xylitol dehydrogenase KW - dehydrogenase KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879469026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+complementation+of+a+Pichia+stipitis+mutant+unable+to+grow+on+d-xylose+or+l-arabinose&rft.au=Shi%2C+Nian-Qing%3BPrahl%2C+Kristine%3BHendrick%2C+Jim%3BCruz%2C+Jose%3BLu%2C+Ping%3BCho%2C+Jae-Yong%3BJones%2C+Sharon%3BJeffries%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Nian-Qing&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=84-86&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A84-86%3A1-9%3A201 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - L-Arabinose; Seeds; Complementation; Metabolic pathways; Grain; Enzymes; oxidoreductase; xylitol dehydrogenase; dehydrogenase; Pichia stipitis; Zea mays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:84-86:1-9:201 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of new ethanologenic Escherichia coli strains for fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass AN - 815536121; 13858812 AB - Two new ethanologenic strains (FBR4 and FBR5) of Escherichia coli were constructed and used to ferment corn fiber hydrolysate. The strains carry the plasmid pLO1297, which contains the genes from Zymomonas mobilis necessary for efficiently converting pyruvate into ethanol. Both strains selectively maintained the plasmid when grown anaerobically. Each culture was serially transferred 10 times in anaerobic culture with sugar-limited medium containing xylose, but noselective antibiotic. An average of 93 and 95% of the FBR4 and FBR5 cells, respectively, maintained pLO1297 in anaerobic culture. The fermentation performances of the repeatedly transferred cultures were compared with those of cultures freshly revived from stock in pH-controlled batch fermentations with 10% (w/v) xylose. Fermentation results were similar for all the cultures. Fermentations were completed within 60 h and ethanol yields were 86-92% of theoretical. Maximal ethanol concentrations were 3.9-4.2% (w/v). The strains were also tested for their ability to ferment corn fiber hydrolysate, which contained 8.5% (w/v) total sugars (2.0% arabinose, 2.8% glucose, and 3.7% xylose). E. coli FBR5 produced more ethanol than FBR4 from the corn fiber hydrolysate. E. coli FBR5 fermented all but 0.4% (w/v) of the available sugar, whereas strain FBR4 left 1.6% unconsumed. The fermentation with FBR5 was completed within 55 h and yielded 0.46 g of ethanol/g of available sugar, 90% of the maximum obtainable. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Dien, Bruce S AU - Nichols, Nancy N AU - O'Bryan, Patricia J AU - Bothast, Rodney J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, 61604, Peoria, IL, dienb@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 181 EP - 196 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 84-86 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Antibiotics KW - Cell culture KW - Biomass KW - Plasmids KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Fibers KW - Pyruvic acid KW - Escherichia coli KW - Arabinose KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815536121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Development+of+new+ethanologenic+Escherichia+coli+strains+for+fermentation+of+lignocellulosic+biomass&rft.au=Dien%2C+Bruce+S%3BNichols%2C+Nancy+N%3BO%27Bryan%2C+Patricia+J%3BBothast%2C+Rodney+J&rft.aulast=Dien&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=84-86&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A84-86%3A1-9%3A181 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Xylose; Fermentation; Glucose; Cell culture; Antibiotics; Plasmids; Biomass; Fibers; Pyruvic acid; Arabinose; Hydrolysates; Ethanol; Escherichia coli; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:84-86:1-9:181 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of d-stearolactone from oleic acid AN - 745973919; 12034428 AB - d-Stearolactone was prepared from oleic acid using concentrated sulfuric acid under various conditions in the presence of polar, nonparticipating solvents. d-Stearolactone was formed in as high as 15∶ 1 ratios over the thermodynamic product, v-lactone, in the presence of methylene chloride, 100% wt/vol, at room temperature with two equivalents of sulfuric acid for 24 h. This procedure is applicable to other olefinic fatty acids such as estolides and fatty acid methyl esters. Temperature plays a role in the regioselectivity of the cyclization for d-lactone, as lower temperatures (20°C) gave higher s/v ratios. At higher temperatures (50°C) in the presence of sulfuric acid and methylene chloride the yield of lactone was 75% but with a s/v ratio of only 0.3∶ 1. Cyclization of oleic acid to lactone also occurred with other acids. Oleic acid underwent reaction with perchloric acid, one equivalent, in the absence of solvent at 50°C, which yielded s-lactone in a modest yield with a 3.1 s/v ratio. The same temperature effect was observed with perchloric acid that was observed in the case of sulfiric acid. Because s-stearolactone is much more reactive than the corresponding fatty acid, fatty acid ester, or v-lactone, we believe that it will be a useful synthon for many new industrial products including new biodegradable detergents. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Cermak, Steven C AU - Isbell, Terry A AD - New Crops Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, Illinois, cermakse@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 243 EP - 248 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Thermodynamics KW - Detergents KW - Solvents KW - lactones KW - Biodegradability KW - Oil KW - Acids KW - fatty acid methyl esters KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Fatty acids KW - Perchloric acid KW - Oleic acid KW - Methylene chloride KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745973919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+d-stearolactone+from+oleic+acid&rft.au=Cermak%2C+Steven+C%3BIsbell%2C+Terry+A&rft.aulast=Cermak&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-000-0040-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Thermodynamics; Detergents; Solvents; lactones; Biodegradability; Oil; Acids; Fatty acids; Sulfuric acid; fatty acid methyl esters; Perchloric acid; Oleic acid; Methylene chloride DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-000-0040-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - cDNAs of aminopeptidase-like protein genes from Plodia interpunctella strains with different susceptibilities to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. AN - 71020993; 10732989 AB - Aminopeptidase N has been reported to be a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1A toxin-binding protein in several lepidopteran insects. cDNAs of aminopeptidase-like proteins from both Bt-susceptible RC688s and Bt-resistant HD198r strains of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, were cloned and sequenced. They contain 3345 and 3358 nucleotides, respectively, and each has a 3048 bp open reading frame that encodes 1016 amino acids. Putative protein sequences include 10 potential glycosylation sites and a zinc metal binding site motif of HEXXH, which is typical of the active site of zinc-dependent metallopeptidases. Sequence analysis indicated that the deduced protein sequences are most similar to an aminopeptidase from Heliothis virescens with 62% sequence identity and highly similar to three other lepidopteran aminopeptidases from Plutella xylostella, Manduca sexta, Bombyx mori with sequence identities of 51-52%. Four nucleotide differences were observed in the open reading frames that translated into two amino acid differences in the putative protein sequences. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed an aminopeptidase gene coding difference between RC688s and HD198r strains of P. interpunctella in the PCR amplification of a specific allele (PASA) using preferential primers designed from a single base substitution. The gene mutation for Asp185-->Glu185 was also confirmed in two additional Bt-resistant P. interpunctella strains. This mutation is located within a region homologous to the conserved Cry1Aa toxin binding regions from Bombyx mori and Plutella xylostella. The aminopeptidase-like mRNA expression levels in the Bt-resistant strain were slightly higher than those in the Bt-susceptible strain. The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession numbers AF034483 for susceptible strain RC688s and AF034484 for resistant strain HD198r). JF - Insect biochemistry and molecular biology AU - Zhu, Y C AU - Kramer, K J AU - Oppert, B AU - Dowdy, A K AD - Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, ARS-USDA, Manhattan, Kansas 66502-2736, USA. Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 215 EP - 224 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - Insecticides KW - RNA, Messenger KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Antigens, CD13 KW - EC 3.4.11.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Moths -- enzymology KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Moths -- genetics KW - Antigens, CD13 -- genetics KW - Genes, Insect UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71020993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=cDNAs+of+aminopeptidase-like+protein+genes+from+Plodia+interpunctella+strains+with+different+susceptibilities+to+Bacillus+thuringiensis+toxins.&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Y+C%3BKramer%2C+K+J%3BOppert%2C+B%3BDowdy%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-06 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF034483; GENBANK; AF034484 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Separation of trap-collected adults of Anopheles atropos from species of the quadrimaculatus complex. AN - 71009921; 10757493 AB - The presence of a moderate- to large-sized patch of dark scales on the anterior surface of the fore coxa of Anopheles atropos can be used to separate this species from species of the Quadrimaculatus Complex collected in coastal areas of the United States. Identification of specimens is possible even if they have been collected in traps and are rubbed and faded. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Reinert, J F AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, (CMAVE), United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 44 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Population Dynamics KW - Insect Vectors KW - Anopheles -- anatomy & histology KW - Classification KW - Anopheles -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71009921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Separation+of+trap-collected+adults+of+Anopheles+atropos+from+species+of+the+quadrimaculatus+complex.&rft.au=Reinert%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Reinert&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of flooring type during transport and holding on bacteria recovery from broiler carcass rinses before and after defeathering. AN - 70990669; 10735214 AB - Four trials were conducted to determine whether conventional solid or elevated wire mesh flooring, during transport and holding of broilers prior to slaughter, influenced the number of bacteria recovered from feathered and defeathered carcasses. After 4 h off feed, 7-wk-old broilers were placed at commercial density into a modified commercial transport dump-coop on either fiberglass sheeting or 2.54x2.54 cm wire mesh flooring that allowed feces to fall through. Broilers were transported for 1 h and then held for 13 h under a covered shed before processing. Broilers were killed by electrocution, and the vents were plugged to prevent escape of feces. External carcass rinses were obtained twice (from the same carcass) from eight broilers per flooring treatment per trial, before scalding and defeathering and again after defeathering and removal of the head and feet. Greater numbers of total aerobes, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were recovered from feathered carcasses than from defeathered carcasses. Campylobacter count was also less for defeathered than feathered carcasses from the solid flooring treatment but did not significantly decrease following defeathering of carcasses from the wire flooring. The incidence of Campylobacter-positive carcasses was reduced following defeathering for both flooring treatments, but the percentage of Salmonellae-positive carcasses remained constant. Coliform (log10 6.20 vs. 5.63 cfu/mL of rinse) and E. coli (log10 5.93 vs. 5.36) counts in the feathered rinses were significantly higher for the solid flooring compared with wire flooring, respectively. After defeathering, the number of coliforms (log10 3.12) and E. coli (log10 2.91) recovered did not differ between flooring treatments. Aerobic plate count (log10 7.06 and 4.02), Campylobacter count (log10 2.49 and 1.80), and the incidence of Campylobacter-positive (44 and 11%) and Salmonellae-positive (52 and 50%) carcasses for feathered and defeathered rinses, respectively, did not differ between flooring treatments. These results indicate that although broilers transported and held on solid flooring had noticeably dirtier breast feathers and higher coliform and E. coli counts prior to scalding and defeathering, bacteria recovery from external carcass rinses did not differ between the solid and wire flooring treatments after defeathering. JF - Poultry science AU - Buhr, R J AU - Cason, J A AU - Dickens, J A AU - Hinton, A AU - Ingram, K D AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Richard B. Russel Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jbuhr@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 436 EP - 441 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Transportation KW - Hygiene KW - Male KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Housing, Animal KW - Food Contamination KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70990669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+flooring+type+during+transport+and+holding+on+bacteria+recovery+from+broiler+carcass+rinses+before+and+after+defeathering.&rft.au=Buhr%2C+R+J%3BCason%2C+J+A%3BDickens%2C+J+A%3BHinton%2C+A%3BIngram%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Buhr&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and effects of maize silk volatiles on cultures of Aspergillus flavus. AN - 70978266; 10725175 AB - Volatiles generated from corn silks of individual genotypes of maize were found to exhibit differences in biological activities when the volatiles were exposed to 5-day solid cultures of Aspergillus flavus. In inverted potato dextrose-agar Petri plate bioassays, it was found that volatiles emitted from silks of the different maize genotypes had a profound effect on the growth of the fungus and, consequently, aflatoxin production. To determine the underlying cause for this bioactivity, volatiles emitted from the maize silks were trapped on Tenax glass columns and were analyzed by GC-MS. Aflatoxin field-resistant maize genotypes exhibited a larger relative concentration of the antifungal aldehyde, furfural (2-furancarboxaldehyde), when compared to the relative concentrations of the field-susceptible varieties tested. In a closed-container 5-day study, it was observed that fresh 1- and 4-day-old corn silk samples of aflatoxin-resistant maize genotypes emitted higher concentrations of furfural compared to those from susceptible genotypes. This observation probably explains the reason for the bioactivity observed in the in vitro bioassays, and the presence of furfural appears to contribute to a defense mechanism for protecting the developing maize kernel from fungal attack. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Zeringue, H J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, Louisiana 70119-0687, USA. zeringue@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 921 EP - 925 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - Oils, Volatile KW - Furaldehyde KW - DJ1HGI319P KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Furaldehyde -- isolation & purification KW - Aflatoxins -- metabolism KW - Plant Structures -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Oils, Volatile -- pharmacology KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Aspergillus flavus -- drug effects KW - Antifungal Agents -- isolation & purification KW - Zea mays -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70978266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+and+effects+of+maize+silk+volatiles+on+cultures+of+Aspergillus+flavus.&rft.au=Zeringue%2C+H+J&rft.aulast=Zeringue&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusarium species from nepalese rice and production of mycotoxins and gibberellic acid by selected species. AN - 70951017; 10698766 AB - Infection of cereal grains with Fusarium species can cause contamination with mycotoxins that affect human and animal health. To determine the potential for mycotoxin contamination, we isolated Fusarium species from samples of rice seeds that were collected in 1997 on farms in the foothills of the Nepal Himalaya. The predominant Fusarium species in surface-disinfested seeds with husks were species of the Gibberella fujikuroi complex, including G. fujikuroi mating population A (anamorph, Fusarium verticillioides), G. fujikuroi mating population C (anamorph, Fusarium fujikuroi), and G. fujikuroi mating population D (anamorph, Fusarium proliferatum). The widespread occurrence of mating population D suggests that its role in the complex symptoms of bakanae disease of rice may be significant. Other common species were Gibberella zeae (anamorph, Fusarium graminearum) and Fusarium semitectum, with Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium anguioides, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium equiseti, and Fusarium oxysporum occasionally present. Strains of mating population C produced beauvericin, moniliformin, and gibberellic acid, but little or no fumonisin, whereas strains of mating population D produced beauvericin, fumonisin, and, usually, moniliformin, but no gibberellic acid. Some strains of G. zeae produced the 8-ketotrichothecene nivalenol, whereas others produced deoxynivalenol. Despite the occurrence of fumonisin-producing strains of mating population D, and of 8-ketotrichothecene-producing strains of G. zeae, Nepalese rice showed no detectable contamination with these mycotoxins. Effective traditional practices for grain drying and storage may prevent contamination of Nepalese rice with Fusarium mycotoxins. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Manandhar, H K AU - Plattner, R D AU - Manandhar, G G AU - Poling, S M AU - Maragos, C M AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. desjarae@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 1020 EP - 1025 VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Gibberellins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - nivalenol KW - 5WOP02RM1U KW - gibberellic acid KW - BU0A7MWB6L KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Reproduction KW - Seeds -- microbiology KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Nepal KW - Oryza -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Gibberellins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70951017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Fusarium+species+from+nepalese+rice+and+production+of+mycotoxins+and+gibberellic+acid+by+selected+species.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BManandhar%2C+H+K%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BManandhar%2C+G+G%3BPoling%2C+S+M%3BMaragos%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Apr;48(4):1377-83 [10775401] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Sep;65(9):4071-6 [10473418] Curr Genet. 1995 May;27(6):528-35 [7553937] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal effect of CO(2) on apoplastic ice in rye and oat during freezing. AN - 70945936; 10712550 AB - Meristematic tissues from rye (Secale cereale) and oat (Avena sativa) were studied in an isothermal calorimeter at -3 degrees C. When the frozen tissue was placed in the calorimeter, the pressure increased within 4 d to 25 and 9 kPa above ambient pressure in the sample vessels containing crowns of rye and oat, respectively. Concurrently, the thermal output went down to -194 microW in rye over the 4-d period; this negative thermal activity could be accounted for by ice melting in the plants. When the pressure was released, the output from the calorimeter went from -194 to 229 microW within 1 h, suggesting that water had frozen in the plants. We propose that CO(2) from respiration had dissolved in the water in the plants and caused melting of ice (heat absorption) due to the colligative properties of solutions. When the pressure was released, the CO(2) came out of solution and the water froze (heat evolution). These thermal observations were duplicated in a simplified, non-biological system using a glycol/water mixture that was partially frozen at -3 degrees C. JF - Plant physiology AU - Livingston, D P AU - Olien, C R AU - Premakumar, R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and North Carolina State University, Department of Crop Science, 840 Method Road, Unit 3, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7629, USA. Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 861 EP - 865 VL - 122 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Ice KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Ethylene Glycol KW - FC72KVT52F KW - Index Medicus KW - Freezing KW - Calorimetry, Indirect KW - Pressure KW - Secale -- metabolism KW - Avena -- metabolism KW - Secale -- drug effects KW - Carbon Dioxide -- pharmacology KW - Avena -- drug effects KW - Carbon Dioxide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70945936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Thermal+effect+of+CO%282%29+on+apoplastic+ice+in+rye+and+oat+during+freezing.&rft.au=Livingston%2C+D+P%3BOlien%2C+C+R%3BPremakumar%2C+R&rft.aulast=Livingston&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Theor Biol. 1973 Apr;39(1):201-10 [4741714] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of cleft palate induction by Nicotiana glauca in goats and sheep. AN - 70914890; 10661910 AB - The induction of cleft palate by Nicotiana glauca (wild tree tobacco) during the first trimester of pregnancy was compared between Spanish-type goats and crossbred western-type sheep. Cleft palate was induced in 100% of the embryonic/fetal goats when their pregnant mothers were gavaged with N. glauca plant material or with anabasine-rich extracts from the latter, during gestation days 32-41. Seventy-five percent of newborn goats had cleft palate after maternal dosing with N. glauca during gestation days 35-41, while no cleft palates were induced when dosing periods included days 36-40, 37-39, or day 38 only. The induced cleft palates were bilateral, involving the entire secondary palates with complete detachment of the vomer. Eleven percent of the newborn goats from does gavaged during gestation days 32-41 had extracranial abnormalities, most often contractures of the metacarpal joints. Most of these contractures resolved spontaneously by 4-6 weeks postpartum. One newborn kid also had an asymmetric skull due to apparent fetal positioning. No cleft palates were induced in lambs whose mothers were gavaged with N. glauca plant or anabasine-rich extracts during gestation days 34-41, 35-40, 35-41, 36-41, 35-51, or 37-50. Only one of five lambs born to three ewes gavaged with N. glauca plant material during gestation days 34-55 had a cleft palate, but all five of these lambs had moderate to severe contractures in the metacarpal joints. The slight to moderate contracture defects resolved spontaneously by 4-6 weeks postpartum, but the severe contractures resolved only partially. Embryonic/fetal death and resorption (determined by ultrasound) occurred in 25% of pregnant goats fed N. glauca compared to only 4% of pregnant sheep. Nicotiana glauca plant material contained the teratogenic alkaloid anabasine at 0.175% to 0.23%, dry weight, demonstrating that Spanish-type goats are susceptible to cleft palate induction by the natural toxin anabasine, while crossbred western-type sheep are resistant. However, clinical signs of toxicity were equally severe in goats and sheep, even though maternal alkaloid tolerance was generally lower in sheep. We postulate that an alkaloid-induced reduction in fetal movement during the period of normal palate closure is the cause of the cleft palate and multiple flexion contractures. Teratology 61:203-210, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Teratology AU - Panter, K E AU - Weinzweig, J AU - Gardner, D R AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - James, L F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. kpanter@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 203 EP - 210 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Anabasine KW - LMS11II2LO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Goats KW - Sheep KW - Gestational Age KW - Pregnancy KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Knee Joint -- drug effects KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Contracture -- chemically induced KW - Knee Joint -- pathology KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Anabasine -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Tobacco -- toxicity KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Cleft Palate -- chemically induced KW - Cleft Palate -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70914890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+cleft+palate+induction+by+Nicotiana+glauca+in+goats+and+sheep.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BWeinzweig%2C+J%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BJames%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgene translatability increases effectiveness of replicase-mediated resistance to cucumber mosaic virus. AN - 70912094; 10675396 AB - Transgenic tobacco plants expressing an altered form of the 2a replicase gene from the Fny strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) exhibit suppressed virus replication and restricted virus movement when inoculated mechanically or by aphid vectors. Additional transformants have been generated which contain replicase gene constructs designed to determine the role(s) of transgene mRNA and/or protein in resistance. Resistance to systemic disease caused by CMV, as well as delayed infection, was observed in several lines of transgenic plants which were capable of expressing either full-length or truncated replicase proteins. In contrast, among plants which contained nontranslatable transgene constructs, only one of 61 lines examined exhibited delays or resistance. Once infected, plants never recovered, regardless of transgene translatability. Transgenic plants exhibiting a range of resistance levels were examined for transgene copy number, mRNA and protein levels. Although ribonuclease protection assays demonstrated that transgene mRNA levels were very low, resistant lines had consistently more steady-state transgene mRNA than susceptible lines. Furthermore, chlorotic or necrotic local lesions developed on the inoculated leaves of transgenic lines containing translatable transgenes, but not on inoculated leaves of lines containing nontranslatable transgenes. These results demonstrate that translatability of the transgene and possibly expression of the transgene protein itself facilitates replicase-mediated resistance to CMV in tobacco. JF - The Journal of general virology AU - Wintermantel, W M AU - Zaitlin, M AD - Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. bwinter@pwa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 587 EP - 595 VL - 81 SN - 0022-1317, 0022-1317 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 0 KW - RNA, Viral KW - RNA Replicase KW - EC 2.7.7.48 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Virus Replication -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Aphids -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genes, Viral KW - RNA, Viral -- genetics KW - RNA, Viral -- metabolism KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Tobacco -- virology KW - Cucumovirus -- physiology KW - Cucumovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - RNA Replicase -- genetics KW - Cucumovirus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70912094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+general+virology&rft.atitle=Transgene+translatability+increases+effectiveness+of+replicase-mediated+resistance+to+cucumber+mosaic+virus.&rft.au=Wintermantel%2C+W+M%3BZaitlin%2C+M&rft.aulast=Wintermantel&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+general+virology&rft.issn=00221317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does It Cost Less to Live in Rural Areas? Evidence from New Data on Food Security and Hunger AN - 60092316; 200009149 AB - Rural-urban differences in the association of food insecurity & hunger with income suggest that the cost of living is substantially lower in rural than in urban areas. This indicates that the official poverty rate overstates rural economic hardship compared with that in urban areas. Here, 1995 questionnaire data from the Current Population Survey (N = 20,698 households) reveal that geographic differences in cost of living implied by the association between food insecurity & income provide some validation of the cost of housing adjustment proposed by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) panel on improving the measurement of poverty, but suggest that this adjustment generally overcorrects for costs of living & would be seriously problematic in some regions. 2 Tables, 3 Figures, 28 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Rural Sociology AU - Nord, Mark AD - Economic Research Service, Washington, DC marknord@ecin.ag.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 104 EP - 125 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0036-0112, 0036-0112 KW - Costs KW - Certainty KW - Hunger KW - Rural Urban Differences KW - Poverty KW - Food KW - Housing Costs KW - Regional Differences KW - Income KW - article KW - 2697: environmental interactions; famine, hunger, & malnutrition KW - 1116: rural sociology and agriculture; rural sociology (village, agriculture) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60092316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rural+Sociology&rft.atitle=Does+It+Cost+Less+to+Live+in+Rural+Areas%3F+Evidence+from+New+Data+on+Food+Security+and+Hunger&rft.au=Nord%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Nord&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rural+Sociology&rft.issn=00360112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - RUSOAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rural Urban Differences; Hunger; Food; Certainty; Costs; Poverty; Income; Regional Differences; Housing Costs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in soil columns exposed to freezing/thawing conditions AN - 51936866; 2003-071372 JF - Soil Science AU - Nassar, I N AU - Horton, Robert AU - Flerchinger, G N Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 208 EP - 216 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 165 IS - 3 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - United States KW - soils KW - freezing KW - Iowa KW - thawing KW - temperature KW - models KW - physical properties KW - heat flow KW - Boone County Iowa KW - mass transfer KW - frozen ground KW - SHAW model KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51936866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+heat+and+mass+transfer+in+soil+columns+exposed+to+freezing%2Fthawing+conditions&rft.au=Nassar%2C+I+N%3BHorton%2C+Robert%3BFlerchinger%2C+G+N&rft.aulast=Nassar&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boone County Iowa; freezing; frozen ground; heat flow; Iowa; mass transfer; models; physical properties; SHAW model; soils; temperature; thawing; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vacuum method for field installation of pipes and casings in sandy soils AN - 51931673; 2003-071378 JF - Soil Science AU - Ulery, April L AU - Stewart, Samuel AU - Reid, Deborah A AU - Shouse, Peter J Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 269 EP - 273 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 165 IS - 3 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - sand KW - dunes KW - monitoring KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - moisture KW - San Luis Obispo County California KW - polyvinyl chloride KW - pollution KW - California KW - infiltration KW - sediments KW - instruments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51931673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Vacuum+method+for+field+installation+of+pipes+and+casings+in+sandy+soils&rft.au=Ulery%2C+April+L%3BStewart%2C+Samuel%3BReid%2C+Deborah+A%3BShouse%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Ulery&rft.aufirst=April&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; clastic sediments; dunes; infiltration; instruments; moisture; monitoring; pollutants; pollution; polyvinyl chloride; San Luis Obispo County California; sand; sediments; soils; solute transport; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Birth of Piglets After Transfer of Embryos Cryopreserved by Cytoskeletal Stabilization and Vitrification AN - 20220424; 5669253 AB - Pig embryos suffer severe sensitivity to hypothermic conditions, which limits their ability to withstand conventional cryopreservation. Research has focused on high lipid content of pig embryos and its role in hypothermic sensitivity, while little research has been conducted on structural damage. Documenting cytoskeletal disruption provides information on embryonic sensitivity and cellular response to cryopreservation. The objectives of this study were to document microfilament (MF) alterations during swine embryo vitrification, to utilize an MF inhibitor during cryopreservation to stabilize MF, and to determine the developmental competence of cytoskeletal-stabilized and vitrified pig embryos. Vitrified morulae/early blastocysts displayed MF disruptions and lacked developmental competence after cryopreservation; hatched blastocysts displayed variable MF disruption and developmental competence. Cytochalasin-b did not improve morula/early blastocyst viability after vitrification; however, it significantly (P < 0.05) improved survival and development of expanded and hatched blastocysts. After embryo transfer, we achieved pregnancy rates of almost 60%, and litter sizes improved from 5 to 7.25 piglets per litter. This study shows that the pig embryo cytoskeleton can be affected by vitrification and that MF depolymerization prior to vitrification improves blastocyst developmental competence after cryopreservation. After transfer, vitrified embryos can produce live, healthy piglets that grow normally and when mature are of excellent fecundity. JF - Biology of Reproduction AU - Dobrinsky, J AU - Pursel, V AU - Long, C AU - Johnson, L AD - Germplasm & Gamete Physiology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, bigjohn@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 564 EP - 570 PB - Society for the Study of Reproduction VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Microfilaments KW - Litter KW - Depolymerization KW - Lipids KW - Survival KW - Cytochalasin B KW - Cryopreservation KW - Pregnancy KW - Birth KW - Cytoskeleton KW - blastocysts KW - Fecundity KW - vitrification KW - Embryo transfer KW - Embryos KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20220424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+Reproduction&rft.atitle=Birth+of+Piglets+After+Transfer+of+Embryos+Cryopreserved+by+Cytoskeletal+Stabilization+and+Vitrification&rft.au=Dobrinsky%2C+J%3BPursel%2C+V%3BLong%2C+C%3BJohnson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Dobrinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+Reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0006-3363%282000%29062%280564%3ABOPATO%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0006-3363&volume=62&page=564 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryopreservation; blastocysts; vitrification; Cytoskeleton; Litter; Lipids; Survival; Fecundity; Embryos; Cytochalasin B; Embryo transfer; Birth; Depolymerization; Microfilaments; Pregnancy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0006-3363(2000)062(0564:BOPATO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of C sub(2)C sub(12) mouse and turkey skeletal muscle cells to the beta -adrenergic agonist ractopamine AN - 18291516; 5348599 AB - The effects of ractopamine (RAC) and ractopamine stereoisomers (RR, RS, SR, and SS) on cyclic AMP (cAMP) production, total protein, and DNA concentrations in mouse skeletal muscle cells (C sub(2)C sub(12)) were evaluated. The RAC (10 mu M) caused an similar to 30% increase in cell number, protein, and DNA concentrations in myoblasts after 48 h; no differences were found in myotubes. The RAC-stimulated increase of these variables in myoblasts was blocked by the presence of equimolar concentrations of propranolol. At a later passage, myoblasts failed to exhibit an increase in cell number, protein, or DNA upon exposure to RAC. Both myoblasts and myotubes increased cAMP production in response to 10 mu M RAC. The RAC isomers ranked RR >> SR > RS similar to SS in ability to stimulate cAMP production, with essentially no response to SS. The SR produced about 50% of the RR response. Coincubation of propranolol (10 mu M) and RAC (10 mu M) prevented RAC-stimulated cAMP production in myotubes but not in myoblasts ( similar to 35% of cAMP produced by RAC alone). Turkey satellite cells (derived from biceps femoris of 12-wk-old toms) produced essentially no increased cAMP when exposed to 10 mu M RAC stereoisomers. Stability of RAC was evaluated under laboratory storage and culture conditions. The RAC was stable for more than 4 mo when stored in deuterated DMSO (>98% purity) at room temperature or in aqueous solutions at -80 degree C, as determined from sequential nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Radiolabeled RAC was incubated for 72 h in the presence of serum-containing medium, with or without C sub(2)C sub(12) cells. Ninety-eight percent of the parent compound found in the medium at time zero was present in the medium as parent at the end of 72 h. The cellular cAMP response to RAC through beta -adrenergic receptors seems to be stereospecific. If the state of myoblasts and myotubes in vitro reflects the in vivo state, then the ractopamine effect in vivo on cellular processes (including cell division and protein and DNA accumulation) may be independent of beta -adrenergic receptors in muscle. Implications: Although cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) measurement can be used to assess acute (10-min) beta -adrenergic agonist responsiveness of muscle cells to ractopamine, correlations should not be made between cAMP stimulation and ractopamine's ability to increase total muscle protein or DNA. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Shappell, N W AU - Feil, V J AU - Smith, D J AU - Larsen, G L AU - McFarland, D C AD - Biosciences Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 699 EP - 708 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - mice KW - ractopamine KW - turkey KW - beta -Adrenergic receptors KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - ^b-Adrenergic receptors KW - Cyclic AMP KW - DNA KW - Myoblasts KW - Proteins KW - Stereoisomers KW - Skeletal muscle KW - X 24117:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18291516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Response+of+C+sub%282%29C+sub%2812%29+mouse+and+turkey+skeletal+muscle+cells+to+the+beta+-adrenergic+agonist+ractopamine&rft.au=Shappell%2C+N+W%3BFeil%2C+V+J%3BSmith%2C+D+J%3BLarsen%2C+G+L%3BMcFarland%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Shappell&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyclic AMP; Skeletal muscle; Stereoisomers; Myoblasts; DNA; Proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germination and Emergence of Primed Grass Seeds Under Field and Simulated-field Temperature Regimes AN - 17807862; 4854435 AB - Seed priming may enhance establishment success of cool-season range grasses which must compete with annual weeds for early spring moisture. Previous priming studies have confirmed germination rate enhancement for these species but relative treatment effects under field-temperature conditions have not been assessed. We primed seeds of thickspike wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus(Scribn. and J. G. Smith) Gould], bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata(Pursh) Loeve], Sandberg bluegrass (Poa sandbergii Vasey.) and bottlebrush squirreltail [Elymus elymoides(Raf.) Swezey] and evaluated their relative emergence rate in three soil types as a function of spring-planting date. Germination response was simultaneously evaluated in laboratory germinators that were programmed to simulate the field-temperature regime at planting depth. Seed priming enhanced both germination and emergence rate with the greatest effect occurring during the earlier, cooler planting dates. Total emergence and emergence rate in the field were lower than for the equivalent germination response in the laboratory. Thermal-germination response was modelled and predictions developed for evaluating potential germination under late winter/early spring soil-temperature regimes. Modelling results predicted that greater germination enhancement would have been possible at earlier planting dates than were measured in the field experiment. JF - Annals of Botany AU - Hardegree, S P AU - Van Vactor, SS AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Watershed Research Center, 800 Park Blvd., Plaza 4, Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712, USA, shardegr@nwrc.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 379 EP - 390 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0305-7364, 0305-7364 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Poa sandbergii KW - Elymus lanceolatus KW - Seed germination KW - Elymus elymoides KW - Emergence KW - Pseudoroegneria spicata KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17807862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Germination+and+Emergence+of+Primed+Grass+Seeds+Under+Field+and+Simulated-field+Temperature+Regimes&rft.au=Hardegree%2C+S+P%3BVan+Vactor%2C+SS&rft.aulast=Hardegree&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Botany&rft.issn=03057364&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fanbo.1999.1076 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elymus lanceolatus; Pseudoroegneria spicata; Poa sandbergii; Elymus elymoides; Seed germination; Emergence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.1076 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wildlife Services - Partners in island restoration AN - 17711819; 5683347 AB - Wildlife Services, as a unit of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, assists in solving problems that are created when species of wildlife cause damage to agriculture, effect urban or natural resources, as well as threaten human health and safety. We are a Federal cooperative programme that responds to requests by persons and agencies needing help in managing wildlife damage. Field operations are conducted in accordance with all Federal and State guidelines and in cooperation with wildlife management professionals from Federal and/or State agencies. Eradication programmes initiated in cooperation with various agencies have successfully eradicated rats Rattus rattus and R. exulans from four islands in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands. Wildlife Services programmes involving introduced predators have been successfully implemented elsewhere. A number of projects are currently underway and we would like to do more. JF - Marine Ornithology AU - Murphy, J G AD - US Department of Agriculture, 3375 Koapaka St., Suite H-420, Honolulu, HI 96819, USA, james.g.murphy@usda.gov A2 - Flint, Eand Swift K (eds) Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 PB - African Seabird Group VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 1018-3337, 1018-3337 KW - Albatrosses KW - Petrels KW - Shearwaters KW - Tube-nosed swimmers KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Oceanic islands KW - Diomedeidae KW - Marine birds KW - Ornithology KW - Habitat KW - Biological damage KW - Public health KW - USA KW - Procellariiformes KW - Ecosystem management KW - Nature conservation KW - Governments KW - Environment management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q1 08102:Institutes and organizations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17711819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Wildlife+Services+-+Partners+in+island+restoration&rft.au=Murphy%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ornithology&rft.issn=10183337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Abstracts of oral and poster presentations. N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oceanic islands; Marine birds; Ornithology; Nature conservation; Ecosystem management; Governments; Habitat; Environment management; Biological damage; Public health; Diomedeidae; Procellariiformes; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the survivability of Salmonella typhimurium in the chicken cecae using an anaerobic continuous-culture of chicken cecal bacteria AN - 17686137; 4773353 AB - An anaerobic continuous-culture containing 29-different bacterial isolates of normal avian microflora obtained from the cecae of adult chickens was used to model the survivability of Salmonella typhimurium in the avian cecae. When the continuous-culture was challenged with S. typhimurium at concentrations between 10 super(1)-10 super(5) log sub(10) CFU the pathogen was unable to survive within the culture. When challenged with 10 super(6) CFU S. typhimurium, the number of Salmonella CFU decreased to 10 super(2) within 5-days, however S. typhimurium was not cleared from the culture and remained at a concentration of 10 super(2) for 65-days at which time the fermentation was terminated. When chicks were provided the continuous-culture on day-of-hatch, then challenged with S. typhimurium two days later with up to 10 super(4) CFU Salmonella, no cecal colonization was observed 5-days after challenge. However chicks challenged with 10 super(6) CFU Salmonella averaged 10 super(2) S. typhimurium in cecal contents five days later. Chicks provided the continuous-culture on day-of-hatch and challenged with 10 super(2) or 10 super(4) CFU Salmonella had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer cecal Salmonella compared to untreated chicks. Salmonella challenge did not effect chick cecal or continuous-culture fermentation parameters and fermentation parameters within the continuous-culture and chick cecae were similar. Based upon similar fermentation parameters and Salmonella colonization levels it appears that this anaerobic continuous-culture of cecal bacteria is an excellent model of the cecae of chickens, and may serve as a valuable tool that can be used to better understand the interactions between Salmonella and normal avian flora in the cecae, which is the primary reservoir of Salmonella in commercial poultry. JF - Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Anderson, R C AU - Corrier, DE AU - Harvey, R B AU - Stanker, L H AD - USDA-ARS, 2881 F-B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, nisbet@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 42 EP - 47 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0891-060X, 0891-060X KW - survivability KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Continuous culture KW - Microflora KW - Cecum KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17686137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+survivability+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+in+the+chicken+cecae+using+an+anaerobic+continuous-culture+of+chicken+cecal+bacteria&rft.au=Nisbet%2C+D+J%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BStanker%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Nisbet&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.issn=0891060X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Microflora; Cecum; Continuous culture; Anaerobic conditions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food irradiation in the United States: irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment for fresh fruits and vegetables and for the control of microorganisms in meat and poultry AN - 17663993; 4726695 AB - Recently there has been a renewed focus on food irradiation in the United States (US) for the disinfestation of fresh fruits and vegetables to eliminate pests from imported agricultural commodities that could threaten the economic viability of American agriculture and for the control of bacterium E. coli 0157:H7 in beef, a pathogen that threatens the safety of the US domestic food supply. In January 1999 USDA/APHIS published in the Federal Register a rule which authorized irradiation as a guarantee treatment for papayas for movement from Hawaii to the US mainland. This treatment was never used for a number of reasons. However, in December, 1993, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published its final rule to terminate production and consumption of methyl bromide, the only remaining broad spectrum fumigant for disinfesting agricultural commodities for pests of quarantine significance on imported and exported commodities. With increased global trade pressures and the possible loss of methyl bromide as a fumigant for regulatory pests treatment made it imperative that practical treatment options be explored including irradiation. In May 1996, USDA/APHIS published a Notice of Policy which sets forth a policy statement that share positions and policies of USDA concerning the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment. Subsequently in July, 1997, USDA/APHIS amended its Hawaiian regulation by increasing the dose required for papayas intended for interstate movement and by allowing carambolas and litchis also to move interstate as well. To help combat this potential public health problem, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treating red meat products. This process has been favorably received by the US food industries and health organizations because it can control E. coli 0157:H7 and several other disease-causing microorganisms. However, irradiation will not be authorized until the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), the US federal agency that regulates meat and poultry products, finalizes it regulations. JF - Radiation Physics and Chemistry AU - Ross, R T AU - Engeljohn, D AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA, Ralph.T.Ross@usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 01 SP - 211 EP - 214 VL - 57 IS - 3-6 SN - 0969-806X, 0969-806X KW - USA KW - fruits KW - meat KW - poultry KW - vegetables KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Government regulations KW - Quality control KW - Food irradiation KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17663993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Physics+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Food+irradiation+in+the+United+States%3A+irradiation+as+a+phytosanitary+treatment+for+fresh+fruits+and+vegetables+and+for+the+control+of+microorganisms+in+meat+and+poultry&rft.au=Ross%2C+R+T%3BEngeljohn%2C+D&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3-6&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+Physics+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=0969806X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0969-806X%2899%2900494-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; Government regulations; Food irradiation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(99)00494-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of 10,12-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid, an intermediate in the conversion of ricinoleic acid to 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 AN - 17651387; 4713729 AB - A bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PR3), has been reported to produce a new compound, 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (TOD), from ricinoleic acid (Kuo TM, LK Manthey and CT Hou. 1998. J Am Oil Chem Soc 75: 875-879). The reaction is unique in that it involves an introduction of two additional hydroxyl groups at carbon 7 and 10 and a rearrangement of the double bond from carbon 9-10 (cis) to 8-9 (trans). In an effort to elucidate the metabolic pathway involved in the formation of TOD from ricinoleic acid by PR3, we have isolated another compound from the reaction mixture using HPLC. The structure of the new compound was determined to be 10, 12-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DHOD) by GC/MS, FTIR, and NMR. The structural similarity between DHOD and TOD and the results from the time course study of the above two compounds strongly suggested that DHOD was an intermediate in the bioconversion of ricinoleic acid to TOD by PR3. The optimum pH and temperature for the production of DHOD from ricinoleic acid by PR3 was 6.5 and 25 degree C, respectively. This is the first report on the production of 10,12-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid from ricinoleic acid by PR3. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Kim, H AU - Kuo, T M AU - Hou, C T AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, 1815 N University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, houct@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 167 EP - 172 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - 10,12-Dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid KW - 10,12-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid KW - 12-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid KW - 7,10,12-Trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid KW - 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid KW - ricinoleic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - I.R. spectroscopy KW - N.M.R. KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - pH effects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02729:Organic acids KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17651387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+10%2C12-dihydroxy-8%28E%29-octadecenoic+acid%2C+an+intermediate+in+the+conversion+of+ricinoleic+acid+to+7%2C10%2C12-trihydroxy-8%28E%29-octadecenoic+acid+by+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+PR3&rft.au=Kim%2C+H%3BKuo%2C+T+M%3BHou%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Mass spectroscopy; N.M.R.; I.R. spectroscopy; pH effects; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Downed wood in Micronesian mangrove forests AN - 17644064; 4700872 AB - Dead, downed wood is an important component of upland forest and aquatic ecosystems, but its role in wetland ecosystems, including mangroves, is poorly understood. We measured downed wood in ten sites on the western Pacific islands of Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap, all located within the Federated States of Micronesia. Our goals were to examine patterns of variability in the quantity of downed wood in these mangrove ecosystems, provide a general characterization of downed wood in a region with no previously published accounts, and investigate the relationship between harvesting practices and the amount of downed wood. The overall mean volume of downed wood at our study sites was estimated to be 60.8 m super(3) ha super(-1) (20.9 t ha super(-1)), which is greater than most published data for forested wetlands. There were significant differences among islands, with the sites on Kosrae (104.2 m super(3) ha super(-1)) having a much greater mean volume of downed wood than those on Pohnpei (43.1 m super(3) ha super(-1)) or Yap (35.1 m super(3) ha super(-1)). Part of the difference among islands may be attributable to differences in stand age and structure, but the most important factor seems to be the greater amount of wood harvesting on Kosrae, coupled with a low efficiency of use of cut trees. Of a total of 45 cut trees examined on Kosrae, no wood had been removed from 18 (40%); these are believed to be trees cut down because other, more valuable, trees were caught on them as they were felled. Of the other 27 trees, only 24 to 42% of the stem volume (to a 10 cm top) was removed from the forest, the amount varying by species. The impacts of current harvesting practices are unknown but may include important effects on tree regeneration and the abundance and species composition of crab populations. JF - Wetlands AU - Allen, JA AU - Ewel, K C AU - Keeland, B D AU - Tara, T AU - Smith, TJ III AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, jaallen@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 169 EP - 176 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Crabs KW - Crayfishes KW - Lobsters KW - Micronesia, Federated States KW - Prawns KW - Shrimp KW - harvesting practices KW - mangrove forests KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Variability KW - Ecosystems KW - Trees KW - Wood waste KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Forests KW - Man-induced effects KW - Species Composition KW - Ecology KW - Biota KW - Wetlands KW - Plant populations KW - Decapoda KW - Forest industry KW - Ecosystem resilience KW - Environmental impact KW - Brackish KW - Wood KW - Regeneration (see also Reactivation) KW - Crustaceans (Decapod) (Crabs) KW - ISEW, Pacific, Micronesia, Fed. States KW - Regeneration KW - Wood Wastes KW - Harvesting KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17644064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Downed+wood+in+Micronesian+mangrove+forests&rft.au=Allen%2C+JA%3BEwel%2C+K+C%3BKeeland%2C+B+D%3BTara%2C+T%3BSmith%2C+TJ+III&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biota; Ecosystem resilience; Forest industry; Mangrove swamps; Anthropogenic factors; Environmental impact; Man-induced effects; Wood; Plant populations; Harvesting; Ecology; Regeneration (see also Reactivation); Crustaceans (Decapod) (Crabs); Trees; Wood waste; Forests; Wetlands; Variability; Ecosystems; Regeneration; Wood Wastes; Crabs; Species Composition; Decapoda; ISEW, Pacific, Micronesia, Fed. States; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flame Resistant Cotton/Polyester Carpet Materials AN - 17634332; 4779152 AB - Cotton/polyester carpet materials are resistant to surface flame spread after esterification of the cellulosic fibers with polycarboxylic acid and suitable catalyst. The crosslinked cellulose-containing materials passed the required flammability standards for carpet when subjected to the methenamine pill test. This test is much less severe than the rigorous vertical flame test method required for textiles designated for other end uses. Cotton-containing carpet materials finished with 5-10% polycarboxylic acid, such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) or citric acid, and sodium phosphate, sodium hypophosphite, sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate catalyst were found to meet test method specifications when proper processing and fixation conditions were employed. Specific details of processing conditions and results of flammability tests are presented. JF - Journal of Fire Sciences AU - Blanchard, E J AU - Graves, EE AU - Salame, P A AD - U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, Mid South Area, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., P. O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 151 EP - 156 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0734-9041, 0734-9041 KW - carpet KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Materials testing KW - Flammability KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17634332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.atitle=Flame+Resistant+Cotton%2FPolyester+Carpet+Materials&rft.au=Blanchard%2C+E+J%3BGraves%2C+EE%3BSalame%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Blanchard&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.issn=07349041&rft_id=info:doi/10.1106%2FYG50-J7PR-EMQY-X5HU LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flammability; Fires; Materials testing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/YG50-J7PR-EMQY-X5HU ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of large woody debris on stream insect communities and benthic detritus AN - 17604168; 4740553 AB - We examined the extent to which benthic detritus loadings and the functional feeding group structure of stream insect communities respond to channel modifications produced by experimental addition of large woody debris (LWD, entire logs) to Stony Creek, Virginia. Benthic detritus loadings per sample did not change after LWD additions, but large increases in pool habitats created by LWD increased net detritus by an estimated 27 kg (25%) in the 250 m of stream receiving LWD. A large increase in the proportional area of pool habitats may result in a dominance of collector-gatherers and corresponding decreases in shredders and scrapers. Functional feeding group community structure in pools was similar spatially and temporally. Riffles were spatially convergent, but differed temporally. Community structure was significantly different between pools and riffles. The results indicate possible large scale influences in overall community structure due to channel alterations by LWD, but little within-habitat change. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Lemly, AD AU - Hilderbrand, R H AD - United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, U.S.A., dlemly@vt.edu Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 179 EP - 185 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 421 IS - 1 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Insects KW - USA, Virginia KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Feeding KW - Wood KW - Macrofauna KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - Invertebrata KW - Feeding behavior KW - Zoobenthos KW - Detritus KW - Aquatic insects KW - Insecta KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17604168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Influence+of+large+woody+debris+on+stream+insect+communities+and+benthic+detritus&rft.au=Lemly%2C+AD%3BHilderbrand%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=421&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Feeding; Community composition; Wood; Zoobenthos; Aquatic insects; Detritus; Community structure; Macrofauna; Feeding behavior; Invertebrata; Insecta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An insect-bacteria bioindicator for assessing detrimental nutrient enrichment in wetlands AN - 17595719; 4700866 AB - Field and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the use of bacterial growth on aquatic insects as a metric for determining the existence of nutrient impacts in wetlands. Results from field investigations indicated that elevated concentrations of nitrate and phosphate were associated with growth of filamentous bacteria on insect body surfaces and that there were significantly fewer mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in the nutrient-enriched wetland. Laboratory investigations confirmed a strong linkage between bacterial growth and reduced survival of mayflies. Survival was examined for individuals with bacterial infestation ranging from 0% to 60% body coverage. A threshold for catastrophic mortality was present at about the 25% level of coverage; there were very few survivors above that level. Based on these findings, the diagnostic endpoint for the bioindicator is 25% body coverage by bacterial growth, a level that signifies major differences in insect populations in the field and is also easy to detect visually. This study provides evidence that the insect-bacteria bioindicator is a reliable tool for assessing nutrient impacts on wetland macroinvertebrate communities. The bioindicator could be useful in the development of a Wetland Bioassessment Protocol. JF - Wetlands AU - Lemly, AD AU - King, R S AD - United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 91 EP - 100 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Bacteria KW - Insects KW - Mayflies KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Death KW - Animals (Invertebrates) (see also Individual groups) KW - Eutrophication KW - Aquatic Insects KW - Survival KW - Nutrients KW - Field Tests KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Ephemeroptera KW - Field studies KW - Wetlands KW - Enrichment KW - Aquatic insects KW - Pollution indicators KW - Insecta KW - Bioindicators KW - Mortality KW - Methodology KW - Insects (see also Individual groups) KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Environmental conditions KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - Indicator species KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17595719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=An+insect-bacteria+bioindicator+for+assessing+detrimental+nutrient+enrichment+in+wetlands&rft.au=Lemly%2C+AD%3BKing%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eutrophication; Wetlands; Nutrients (mineral); Environmental conditions; Pollution indicators; Indicator species; Bacteria; Nutrient concentrations; Methodology; Bioindicators; Aquatic insects; Animals (Invertebrates) (see also Individual groups); Death; Insects (see also Individual groups); Field studies; Survival; Nutrients; Mortality; Aquatic Insects; Macroinvertebrates; Field Tests; Enrichment; Ephemeroptera; Insecta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals AN - 17590903; 4687334 AB - Recently, gram-negative bacteria isolated from a variety of marine mammals have been identified as Brucella species by conventional phenotypic analysis. This study found the 16S rRNA gene from one representative isolate was identical to the homologous sequences of Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, B. canis, and B. suis. IS711-based DNA fingerprinting of 23 isolates from marine mammals showed all the isolates differed from the classical Brucella species. In general, fingerprint patterns grouped by host species. The data suggest that the marine mammal isolates are distinct types of Brucella and not one of the classical species or biovars invading new host species. In keeping with historical precedent, the designation of several new Brucella species may be appropriate. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bricker, B J AU - Ewalt AU - MacMillan, A P AU - Foster, G AU - Brew, S AD - USDA/ARS/National Animal Disease Center, 2300 N. Dayton Ave., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, bbricker@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 1258 EP - 1262 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Cetaceans KW - Insertion sequence IS711 KW - rRNA 16S KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Brucella melitensis KW - Genotyping KW - Brucella canis KW - Brucella KW - Identification KW - Microbiological analysis KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Fingerprinting KW - Brucella suis KW - Marine mammals KW - Brucella abortus KW - Marine organisms KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Taxonomy KW - Cetacea KW - Mortality causes KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - J 02905:Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17590903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+Brucella+strains+isolated+from+marine+mammals&rft.au=Bricker%2C+B+J%3BEwalt%3BMacMillan%2C+A+P%3BFoster%2C+G%3BBrew%2C+S&rft.aulast=Bricker&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pathogenic bacteria; Marine mammals; Identification; Mortality causes; Microbiological analysis; DNA fingerprinting; Fingerprinting; Genotyping; Polymerase chain reaction; Marine organisms; Taxonomy; Brucella suis; Brucella melitensis; Brucella canis; Brucella abortus; Brucella; Cetacea; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a simple lysimeter-design modification to minimize sidewall flow AN - 17585989; 4681865 AB - A common criticism of many soil lysimeter designs has been the existence of artificial flowpaths along the soil-wall interface. This artificial flow is referred to as sidewall flow. A simple lysimeter-design modification was evaluated that utilizes annular rings to divert sidewall flow near the soil surface into the soil column to minimize the occurrence of sidewall flow along the remainder of the column's length. A chloride-tracer experiment was used to evaluate the effectiveness of annular rings in minimizing sidewall flow in a mesoscale soil lysimeter (0.6 m in diameter and 1.83 m in height). The tracer-experiment data showed that even though sidewall flow may not have been completely eliminated it was reduced to an undetectable level based on chloride distributions and time domain reflectometry measurements. However, a delicate balance exists between minimizing sidewall flow and significantly altering the natural water-flow dynamics when using annular rings. The simple design modification provides a means of using a disturbed column of soil to evaluate models of solute transport, and to study preferential flow and contaminant mobility without concern for spurious data due to artificial flow along the soil-wall interface of the lysimeter. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Corwin, D L AD - USDA-ARS, US Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside CA, 92507-4617 USA, dcorwin@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/03/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 01 SP - 35 EP - 49 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - sidewall flow KW - lysimeters KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Interfaces KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Chlorides KW - Soil Columns KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Soil KW - Solutes KW - Tracers KW - Hydrology KW - Lysimeters KW - Flow patterns KW - Flow Pattern KW - Experimental Data KW - Instruments KW - Soil contamination KW - Dynamics KW - Solute Transport KW - Experimental Design KW - Preferential Flow KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17585989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+simple+lysimeter-design+modification+to+minimize+sidewall+flow&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-7722%2899%2900088-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lysimeters; Interfaces; Soil Columns; Tracers; Chlorides; Experimental Data; Dynamics; Experimental Design; Solute Transport; Preferential Flow; Flow Pattern; Soil; Solutes; Flow patterns; Soil contamination; Fluid mechanics; Hydrology; Pollution dispersion; Instruments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00088-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Varroa Mite Infestations in Elevated Honey Bee Brood Cells: Effects of Context and Caste AN - 17551085; 4735993 AB - The Varroa mite infestation level of honey bee, Apis mellifera, worker larvae reared in individual raised cells was 6-fold higher than in the adjacent six cells surrounding them; this differential infestation rate is similar to published values of higher mite infestations of drone cells compared to worker cells. Infestation levels in control cells were the same as in the surrounding cells. In contrast to infestation of these individually raised cells, Varroa mites invaded worker larvae in raised cells along the perimeter of a patch of raised cells (10 by 21 rows) 2.5 times more often than surrounding unraised cells, and similarly ca. 2.5 times more often than in the remaining raised cells (interior) of this patch. In similarly prepared frames of drone comb, Varroa mites invaded individually raised drone cells 3.3-fold more often than the adjacent surrounding cells and control cells. On the other hand, Varroa mites infested drone larvae in the interior of the raised-patch area as often as drones in raised cells along the perimeter of the raised-patch, and this rate was ca. 2.5-fold higher than for drone larvae in unraised cells surrounding the raised-patch and drone larvae in control cells. The higher levels of infestation of raised cells did not come at the expense of the surrounding cells, i.e., the infestation levels of the adjacent surrounding cells were the same as in control cells. For worker larvae, the increased number of mites invading individual raised cells and edge cells of the raised patch were proportional to the number of surrounding nonraised cells. The relationship between raised cell-edges, observations of mite walking behavior on comb surfaces, and larval-to-cell-rim distances are discussed in relation to their possible roles in eliciting mite invasion of honey bee larval cells and contrasted to the putative role of kairomones in larval-host location. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Kuenen, LPS AU - Calderone, N W AD - USDA, ARS, HCRL, 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, California 93727, USA, bas@qnis.net Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 201 EP - 215 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Bumble bees KW - Euglossines KW - Honey bees KW - Stingless bees KW - Honey bee KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Parasites KW - Varroa KW - Castes KW - Apis mellifera KW - Infestation KW - brood parasitism KW - Apidae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17551085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Varroa+Mite+Infestations+in+Elevated+Honey+Bee+Brood+Cells%3A+Effects+of+Context+and+Caste&rft.au=Kuenen%2C+LPS%3BCalderone%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Kuenen&rft.aufirst=LPS&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1007784130228 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Varroa; Apidae; Parasites; Infestation; Castes; brood parasitism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007784130228 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of the green fluorescent protein carried by Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in insect cell lines AN - 17521317; 4703657 AB - A recombinant AcMNPV containing the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene under the polyhedrin promoter (polh) was used to investigate the expression of the gfp gene as well as the production of recombinant extracellular virus in 14 continuous insect cell lines, including Heliothis virescens (BCIRL-HV-AM1), Helicoverpa zea (BCIRL-HZ-AM1), Anticarsia gemmatalis (BCIRL-AG-AM1), Trichoplusia ni (TN-CL1), Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLB-SF21), Spodoptera exigua (BCIRL/AMCY-Se-E1 and BCIRL/AMCY-Se-E5), Bombyx mori (BMN), Sf9 (a clone of IPLB-SF21), and five cell line clones of BCIRL-HV-AM1. The susceptibility of the cell lines to the recombinant virus (AcMNPV.GFP) was ascertained by calculating the mean percentage number of green light-emitting cells as well as by TCID sub(50) titration of extracellular virus with fluorescence as a sign of infection. Of the 14 cell lines tested, all were permissive with varying degrees to AcMNPV.GFP, except BCIRL-HV-AMCL2 and BCIRL-HZ-AM1, both grown in serum-containing medium, and BMN, grown in serum-free medium, which were nonpermissive to the virus. Except for BCIRL/AMCY-Se-E1, IPLB-SF21, and four of the five BCIRL-HV-AM1 clones, all the other cell lines (BCIRL-HV-AM1, BCIRL-AG-AM1, TN-CL1, Se-E5, and Sf9) expressed detectable levels of GFP by 48 h postinoculation. The BCIRL/AMCY-Se-E1 and IPLB-SF21 cells, grown in serum-free medium (Ex-Cell 401), expressed detectable levels of GFP at 72 h postinoculation. By contrast, in BCIRL/AMCY-Se-E1 in serum-containing medium (Ex-Cell 401 + 10% FBS [fetal bovine serum]), GFP was detected at 48 h postinoculation. Furthermore, TN-CL1 cells produced the largest mean percentage number of fluorescent (76.6%) cells in both serum-containing and serum-free medium (64.8%) at 120 h postinoculation. All the BCIRL-HV-AM1 clones showed no GFP expression until 96 h postinoculation, and only then about 1% of the cell population fluoresced. The mean extracelluar virus (ECV) production at 120 h postinoculation was highest in BCIRL/AMCY-Se-E5 cells grown in Ex-Cell 401 + 10% FBS (37.8 x 10 super(6) TCID sub(50)/ml) followed by BCIRL-HV-AM1 in TC199-MK (33.4 x 10 super(6) TCID sub(50)/ml). Only the BCIRL-HV-AMCL3 clone produced any substantial level of ECV at 120 h postinoculation (16.9 x 10 super(6) TCID sub(50)/ml). However, there was no significant correlation between ECV production and the mean percentage number of fluorescent cells. This study provides further information on the susceptibility of 14 insect cell lines to a recombinant AcMNPV containing the green fluorescent protein gene. This information might avail researchers with information to facilitate decisions as to what other cell lines are available for in vitro studies of the gfp gene. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Grasela, J J AU - McIntosh, AH AU - Goodman, CL AU - Wilson, LE AU - King, LA AD - USDA, ARS, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, 1503 S. Providence Road, Research Park, Columbia, Missouri 65203-3535, USA Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 205 EP - 210 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=1071-2690&volume=36&page=205] VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Alfalfa looper KW - insect cell lines KW - recombinants KW - Insects KW - green fluorescent protein KW - grp gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Autographa californica KW - Cell culture KW - Insecta KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17521317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Expression+of+the+green+fluorescent+protein+carried+by+Autographa+californica+multiple+nucleopolyhedrovirus+in+insect+cell+lines&rft.au=Grasela%2C+J+J%3BMcIntosh%2C+AH%3BGoodman%2C+CL%3BWilson%2C+LE%3BKing%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Grasela&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1071-2690%282000%29036%280205%3AEOTGFP%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Autographa californica; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Insecta; Cell culture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036(0205:EOTGFP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamical analysis of density-dependent selection in a discrete one-island migration model AN - 17515737; 4703457 AB - A system of non-linear difference equations is used to model the effects of density-dependent selection and migration in a population characterized by two alleles at a single gene locus. Results for the existence and stability of polymorphic equilibria are established. Properties for a genetically important class of equilibria associated with complete dominance in fitness are described. The birth of an unusual chaotic attractor is also illustrated. This attractor is produced when migration causes chaotic dynamics on a boundary of phase space to bifurcate into the interior of phase space, resulting in bistable genetic polymorphic behavior. JF - Mathematical Biosciences AU - Roberds, J H AU - Selgrade, J F AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Southern Institute of Forest Genetics, Harrison Experimental Forest, 23332 Hwy. 67, Saucier, MS 39574, USA, roberds@datasync.com Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 1 EP - 15 VL - 164 IS - 1 SN - 0025-5564, 0025-5564 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Models KW - Selection KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17515737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mathematical+Biosciences&rft.atitle=Dynamical+analysis+of+density-dependent+selection+in+a+discrete+one-island+migration+model&rft.au=Roberds%2C+J+H%3BSelgrade%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Roberds&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mathematical+Biosciences&rft.issn=00255564&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0025-5564%2800%2900002-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Selection; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-5564(00)00002-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of Resistance to Anthracnose in the Annual Medicago Core Collection AN - 17490424; 4684127 AB - The annual genus Medicago core collection, consisting of 201 accessions, represents the genetic diversity inherent in 3,159 accessions from 36 annual Medicago species. This germ plasm was evaluated for resistance to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum trifolii. Anthracnose is a major disease in perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in North America and disease control is based principally on the use of resistant varieties. Evaluation of the core collection was conducted using standardized environmental conditions in growth chambers, and included the M. sativa standard reference cvs. Arc (resistant) and Saranac (susceptible). The degree of resistance found among accessions within species was highly variable; however, most annual species and accessions were susceptible. Only 14 accessions from seven species exhibited resistance greater than 40% seedling survival. These included accessions of M. murex, M. muricoleptis, M. polymorpha var. brevispina, M. polymorpha var. polymorpha, M. radiata, M. soleirolii, M. truncatula, and M. turbinata. Of the 12 accessions of M. polymorpha var. polymorpha, 4 exhibited more than 50% resistance, but 3 accessions were 100% susceptible. Most of the M. truncatula and M. turbinata accessions exhibited significantly more resistance than accessions of other species. Plant introduction (PI) accession number PI 495401 of M. muricoleptis exhibited 90.3% resistance. Accessions of M. scutellata were uniformly susceptible. Histological examinations of 14 of the most anthracnose-resistant accessions revealed that C. trifolii spores germinated and produced typical appressoria, but failed to penetrate and produce the primary and secondary hyphae characteristic of susceptible interactions. Resistant reactions were similar to those found in incompatible interactions with C. trifolii and alfalfa, which have been associated with specific genes leading to the production of isoflavonoid phytoalexins. The large genetic variability in annual Medicago spp. offers potential for locating and utilizing disease resistance genes through breeding or genetic engineering that will enhance the utilization of Medicago spp. as a forage crop. JF - Plant Disease AU - O'Neill, N R AU - Bauchan, G R AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, noneill@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 261 EP - 267 VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Alfalfa KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Disease resistance KW - Anthracnose KW - Colletotrichum trifolii KW - Medicago sativa KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17490424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Sources+of+Resistance+to+Anthracnose+in+the+Annual+Medicago+Core+Collection&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+N+R%3BBauchan%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; Colletotrichum trifolii; Disease resistance; Anthracnose ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaching of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in diverse soils under various agricultural management practices AN - 17489955; 4686800 AB - Application of animal manures to soil as crop fertilizers is an important means for recycling the nitrogen and phosphorus which the manures contain. Animal manures also contain bacteria, including many types of pathogens. Manure pathogen levels depend on the source animal, the animal's state of health, and how the manure was stored or treated before use. Rainfall may result in pathogen spread into soil by runoff from stored or unincorporated manure or by leaching through the soil profile. Steady rainfall consisting of 16.5 mm h super(-1) was applied to 100-mm disturbed soil cores that were treated with manure and inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain B6914. The level of B6914 in leachate was near the inoculum level each hour for 8 h, as was the level of B6914 at several soil depths after 24 h, indicating that there was a high rate of growth. Bacterial movement through three different types of soil was then compared by using disturbed (tilled) and intact (no-till) soil cores and less intense rainfall consisting of 25.4 mm on 4 consecutive days and then four more times over a 17-day period. Total B6914 levels exceeded the inoculum levels for all treatments except intact clay loam cores. B6914 levels in daily leachate samples decreased sharply with time, although the levels were more constant when intact sandy loam cores were used. The presence of manure often increased total B6914 leachate and soil levels in intact cores but had the opposite effect on disturbed soil cores. Ammonia and nitrate levels correlated with B6914 and total coliform levels in leachate. We concluded that tillage practice, soil type, and method of pathogen delivery affect but do not prevent vertical E. coli O157:H7 and coliform transport in soil and that soluble nitrogen may enhance transport. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Gagliardi, J V AU - Karns, J S AD - USDA, ARS, SMSL, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-WEST, Building 001, Room 140, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, jgagliar@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 877 EP - 883 VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Coliform transport KW - coliforms KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Manure KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Agricultural practices KW - Sand KW - Escherichia coli KW - Coliforms KW - Clay KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Soil contamination KW - A 01047:General KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17489955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Leaching+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+diverse+soils+under+various+agricultural+management+practices&rft.au=Gagliardi%2C+J+V%3BKarns%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Gagliardi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=877&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.66.3.877-883.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Soil contamination; Soil microorganisms; Leaching; Coliforms; Manure; Clay; Sand; Nitrates; Agricultural practices DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.3.877-883.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Candida saitoana and Glycolchitosan for the Control of Postharvest Diseases of Apple and Citrus Fruit Under Semi-Commercial Conditions AN - 17489178; 4684124 AB - The efficacy of the combination of Candida saitoana with 0.2% glycolchitosan (the bioactive coating) as a biocontrol treatment of postharvest diseases of apple and citrus fruit was evaluated in tests with natural inoculations that simulated commercial packinghouse conditions. The growth of C. saitoana in apple wounds and on fruit surfaces was not affected by glycolchitosan. The bioactive coating was more effective in controlling decay of several cultivars of apples (Red Delicious, Rome, Golden Delicious, and Empire) than either C. saitoana or 0.2% glycolchitosan alone. Depending on the apple cultivar used, the bioactive coating was comparable or superior to thiabendazole in reducing decay. The bioactive coating was also superior to C. saitoana in controlling decay of oranges (cvs. Washington navel, Valencia, Pineapple, and Hamlin) and cv. Eureka lemons, and the control level was equivalent to that with imazalil. The bioactive coating and imazalil treatments offered consistent control of decay on Washington navel oranges and Eureka lemons in early and late seasons, while C. saitoana or 0.2% glycolchitosan were most effective on early-season fruit. The combination of C. saitoana with 0.2% glycolchitosan also reduced the incidence of stem-end rot of cv. Valencia oranges, but control was less effective than treatment with imazalil. JF - Plant Disease AU - El-Ghaouth, A AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Brown, GE AU - Wisniewski, M AU - Wilson, CL AD - USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, CWilson@AFRS.ARS.USDA.GOV Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 243 EP - 248 VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - glycolchitosan KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Citrus KW - Plant protection KW - Disease control KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Candida saitoana KW - Malus KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17489178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Application+of+Candida+saitoana+and+Glycolchitosan+for+the+Control+of+Postharvest+Diseases+of+Apple+and+Citrus+Fruit+Under+Semi-Commercial+Conditions&rft.au=El-Ghaouth%2C+A%3BSmilanick%2C+J+L%3BBrown%2C+GE%3BWisniewski%2C+M%3BWilson%2C+CL&rft.aulast=El-Ghaouth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus; Candida saitoana; Malus; Biological control; Disease control; Plant protection; Post-harvest decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Botanical Extracts on the Population Density of Fusarium oxysporum in Soil and Control of Fusarium Wilt in the Greenhouse AN - 17488927; 4684133 AB - Several commercial formulations of botanical extracts and essential oils are being investigated as possible alternatives to soil fumigation for control of Fusarium wilt diseases. Soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi was treated with 1, 5, and 10% aqueous emulsions of formulated extracts of clove (70% clove oil), neem (90% neem oil), pepper/mustard (chili pepper extract and essential oil of mustard), cassia (extract of cassia tree), and Banrot (a standard fungicide applied at different labeled rates) in separate experiments. Population densities of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi were determined at 0 (before treatment), 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. Treatment of the soil with 5 and 10% aqueous emulsions resulted in significant (P < 0.05) differences among treatment means at each assay date. After 3 days, pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts added as 10% aqueous emulsions reduced the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi 99.9, 96.1, and 97.5%, respectively, compared with the untreated control. Neem oil extract increased the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi at all concentrations tested. Banrot did not reduce the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi in any experiment. In a second, related experiment, soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis also was treated with 1, 5, and 10% aqueous emulsions of formulated extracts, incubated in closed plastic bags for 1 week, and planted with muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star) in the greenhouse. Treatment of infested soil with 5 and 10% aqueous emulsions of the botanical extracts resulted in differences among treatments after 5 to 6 weeks. The pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts suppressed disease development in repeated experiments (80 to 100% healthy plant stand) compared with the untreated infested soil (<20% stand). The observed reduction in the pathogen population and increased healthy plant stand in the greenhouse indicates that these extracts could have important roles in biologically based management strategies for control of Fusarium wilt diseases. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bowers, J H AU - Locke, J C AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. National Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Research Unit, Rm. 238, B-010A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, jbowers@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 300 EP - 305 VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - botanical extracts KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Disease control KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Essential oils KW - Plant extracts KW - Wilt KW - Greenhouses KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17488927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Botanical+Extracts+on+the+Population+Density+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+in+Soil+and+Control+of+Fusarium+Wilt+in+the+Greenhouse&rft.au=Bowers%2C+J+H%3BLocke%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Bowers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; Essential oils; Greenhouses; Disease control; Plant extracts; Wilt ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of Terpenoid Synthesis in Cotton Roots and Control of Rhizoctonia solani by Seed Treatment with Trichoderma virens AN - 17488865; 4683282 AB - Research on the mechanisms employed by the biocontrol agent Trichoderma virens to suppress cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedling disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani has shown that mycoparasitism and antibiotic production are not major contributors to successful biological control. In this study, we examined the possibility that seed treatment with T. virens stimulates defense responses, as indicated by the synthesis of terpenoids in cotton roots. We also examined the role of these terpenoid compounds in disease control. Analysis of extracts of cotton roots and hypocotyls grown from T. virens-treated seed showed that terpenoid synthesis and peroxidase activity were increased in the roots of treated plants, but not in the hypocotyls of these plants or in the untreated controls. Bioassay of the terpenoids for toxicity to R. solani showed that the pathway intermediates desoxyhemigossypol (dHG) and hemigossypol (HG) were strongly inhibitory to the pathogen, while the final product gossypol (G) was toxic only at a much higher concentration. Strains of T. virens and T. koningii were much more resistant to HG than was R. solani, and they thoroughly colonized the cotton roots. A comparison of biocontrol efficacy and induction of terpenoid synthesis in cotton roots by strains of T. virens, T. koningii, T. harzianum, and protoplast fusants indicated that there was a strong correlation (+0.89) between these two phenomena. It, therefore, appears that induction of defense response, particularly terpenoid synthesis, in cotton roots by T. virens may be an important mechanism in the biological control by this fungus of R. solani-incited cotton seedling disease. JF - Phytopathology AU - Howell, C R AU - Hanson, LE AU - Stipanovic, R D AU - Puckhaber, L S AD - Southern Crops Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, 2765 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, chowell@acs.tamu.edu Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 248 EP - 252 VL - 90 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - terpenoids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Trichoderma virens KW - Plant protection KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Disease control KW - Roots KW - Gossypium KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17488865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+Terpenoid+Synthesis+in+Cotton+Roots+and+Control+of+Rhizoctonia+solani+by+Seed+Treatment+with+Trichoderma+virens&rft.au=Howell%2C+C+R%3BHanson%2C+LE%3BStipanovic%2C+R+D%3BPuckhaber%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizoctonia solani; Trichoderma virens; Gossypium; Plant protection; Disease control; Biological control; Roots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Control of Apple and Citrus Fruit Decay with a Combination of Candida saitoana and 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose AN - 17488714; 4684125 AB - A combination of Candida saitoana with 0.2% 2-deoxy-D-glucose to control decay of apple, lemon, and orange fruit was evaluated. Growth of C. saitoana in vitro was reduced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose; however, in apple wounds, the yeast grew as well in the presence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose as in its absence. When applied to fruit wounds before inoculation, the combination of C. saitoana with 0.2% 2-deoxy-D-glucose was more effective in controlling decay of apple, orange, and lemon caused by Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and P. digitatum than either C. saitoana or the application of a 0.2% solution of 2-deoxy-D-glucose alone. Increasing the concentration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose from 0.2 to 0.5% did not improve control significantly. The combination of C. saitoana with 0.2% 2-deoxy-D-glucose was also effective against infections established up to 24 h before treatment. When applied within 24 h after inoculation, the combination of C. saitoana with 0.2% 2-deoxy-D-glucose was very effective in controlling blue mold of apple and green mold of orange and lemon. The level of control of green mold was equivalent to imazalil treatment. When either C. saitoana or 0.2% 2-deoxy-D-glucose was applied within 24 h after inoculation, neither had an effect on disease development on apple, orange, or lemon, and the incidence of decay was similar to the water-treated control. JF - Plant Disease AU - El-Ghaouth, A AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Wisniewski, M AU - Wilson, CL AD - USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA, CWilson@AFRS.ARS.USDA.GOV Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 249 EP - 253 VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - 2-deoxy-D-glucose KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Citrus KW - Fruits KW - Penicillium KW - Disease control KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Candida saitoana KW - Malus KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17488714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Improved+Control+of+Apple+and+Citrus+Fruit+Decay+with+a+Combination+of+Candida+saitoana+and+2-Deoxy-D-Glucose&rft.au=El-Ghaouth%2C+A%3BSmilanick%2C+J+L%3BWisniewski%2C+M%3BWilson%2C+CL&rft.aulast=El-Ghaouth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium; Candida saitoana; Citrus; Malus; Post-harvest decay; Disease control; Fruits; Biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant residue biochemistry regulates soil carbon cycling and carbon sequestration AN - 17486755; 4685331 AB - Substrate composition is one of the most important factors influencing the decomposition of plant residues in soils. The interaction of organic residue biochemistry with residue decomposition rates, soil aggregation and soil humus composition was determined in a laboratory experiment. Addition of seven different organic residues (2% w/w alfalfa, oat, canola, clover, soybean, corn and prairie grasses) to a Webster soil resulted in a rapid, transient increase in aggregate mean weight diameters (MWD) when incubated for 9 d with residues with low phenolic acid content (alfalfa, canola and clover) and was inversely correlated with soil carbohydrate content (r = -0.63). More pronounced improvement in aggregate size was noted upon increased incubation to 84 d with organic residues higher in phenolic acid content (corn, prairie grasses, oat and soybean) and was related to soil phenolic acid (r = 0.65) and soil carbohydrate content (r = 0.70). Total plant residue phenolic acid content was related to MWD measured after incubation for 84 d by a quadratic response and plateau function (r = 0.96) and the MWD quadratically increased with an increase in vanillin-vanillic acid concentrations in the plant residues (r = 0.997). Soil organic C after 84 d was related to the MWD (r = 0.82) and the residue's vanillin-vanillic acid content (r = 0.86), suggesting that C remaining in the soil following decomposition maybe related to the specific phenolic acid content. The results suggest that transient aggregate stability initiated by microbial decomposition of the carbohydrate and amino acid content of the residue, is then strengthened by the interaction with phenolic acids such as vanillin or vanillic acid released by microbial decomposition from residues structural components. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Martens, DA AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Road, Ames, IA 50011, USA, martens@nstl.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 361 EP - 369 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil chemistry KW - Carbon cycle KW - Crop residues KW - Decomposition KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17486755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Plant+residue+biochemistry+regulates+soil+carbon+cycling+and+carbon+sequestration&rft.au=Martens%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2899%2900162-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Decomposition; Carbon cycle; Crop residues; Soil chemistry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00162-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Songbird response to group selection harvests and clearcuts in a New Hampshire northern hardwood forest AN - 17433615; 4655931 AB - Clearcutting creates habitat for many species of early successional songbirds; however, little information is available on bird use of small forest openings created by group selection harvests. Group selection harvests are increasing on the White Mountain National Forest due to negative public response to clearcutting. The objective of this study was to determine if avian species richness and composition differ between clearcut and group selection openings, and between mature stands and the uncut portions of group selection stands. Point count surveys were conducted during the 1992 and 1993 breeding seasons within six study blocks in the White Mountain National Forest, NH. Each block consisted of a clearcut stand, a group selection stand and a mature stand. Species richness per stand was significantly higher in clearcut openings (p = 0.010) than in group selection openings. Forested areas surrounding group selection openings were similar to mature stands in species richness (p = 0.848) and composition. Our data suggest that, relative to avian use, the group selection system does not provide habitat similar to that created by clearcutting in extensive northern hardwood stands. The group selection system appears to retain much of the mature forest bird community while providing for a limited number of early successional bird species. Gradual replacement of clearcutting with group selection harvests could result in reduced avian diversity across large forested tracts. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Costello, CA AU - Yamasaki, M AU - Pekins, P J AU - Leak, W B AU - Neefus, C D AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, P.O. Box 480 Bartlett USA Y1 - 2000/03/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 01 SP - 41 EP - 54 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 127 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Songbird+response+to+group+selection+harvests+and+clearcuts+in+a+New+Hampshire+northern+hardwood+forest&rft.au=Costello%2C+CA%3BYamasaki%2C+M%3BPekins%2C+P+J%3BLeak%2C+W+B%3BNeefus%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Costello&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900131-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00131-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of an empirical forest growth and yield simulator and a forest gap simulator using actual 30-year growth from two even-aged forests in Kentucky AN - 17435148; 4655924 AB - Two individual-tree growth simulators are used to predict the growth and mortality on a 30-year-old forest site and an 80-year-old forest site in eastern Kentucky. The empirical growth and yield model (NE-TWIGS) was developed to simulate short-term (<50 year) forest growth from an industrial perspective. The gap model (ZELIG) is based on the theory of growth processes and has been used to simulate long-term (100 years and greater) forest succession. Based on comparisons of species specific diameter distributions, biomass, and board-foot and cubic-meter volumes, NE-TWIGS performed better for both sites than did ZELIG. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Yaussy, DA AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 359 Main Rd. Delaware USA Y1 - 2000/02/25/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 25 SP - 385 EP - 398 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 126 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Models KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17435148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+an+empirical+forest+growth+and+yield+simulator+and+a+forest+gap+simulator+using+actual+30-year+growth+from+two+even-aged+forests+in+Kentucky&rft.au=Yaussy%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Yaussy&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2000-02-25&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900111-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00111-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cooperative interaction between mutant p53 and des(1-3)IGF-I accelerates mammary tumorigenesis. AN - 70944558; 10702797 AB - Mammary tumorigenesis was analysed in transgenic mice which overexpress des(1-3)hIGF-I (WAP-DES) and/or a mutant form of p53 (p53172R-H). Nonlactating, multiparous WAP-DES mice exhibited hyperplastic lesions termed mammary interepithelial neoplasia (MIN) which constitutively expressed WAP-DES. By 23 months of age, 53% of the WAP-DES mice developed mammary adenocarcinomas. A 75% reduction in both apoptosis and proliferation was observed in the normal mammary glands of WAP-DES mice. Mammary tumor incidence in WAP-DES/p53 bitransgenic mice was similar to that of WAP-DES and 2 - 3-fold greater than that of nontransgenic and p53172R-H females. Tumor latency, however, was reduced by 8 months in bitransgenic mice as compared to mice of the other three genotypes. Aneuploidy was frequently observed in tumors from bitransgenic and p53172R-H mice, but not from mice expressing only the WAP-DES transgene. Expression of IGFBP3 was elevated in tumors from WAP-DES, but not bitransgenic mice, indicating an alteration in the p53/IGF-I axis. These studies indicate that overexpression of des(1-3)hIGF-I increases the frequency of MIN and stochastic mammary tumors and that the appearance of tumors displaying genomic instability is accelerated by mutant p53172R-H. Oncogene (2000) 19, 889 - 898. JF - Oncogene AU - Hadsell, D L AU - Murphy, K L AU - Bonnette, S G AU - Reece, N AU - Laucirica, R AU - Rosen, J M AD - Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Y1 - 2000/02/17/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 17 SP - 889 EP - 898 VL - 19 IS - 7 SN - 0950-9232, 0950-9232 KW - Peptide Fragments KW - 0 KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - insulin-like growth factor 1, des-(1-3)- KW - 112603-35-7 KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I KW - 67763-96-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred ICR KW - DNA Replication -- genetics KW - Apoptosis -- genetics KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Peptide Fragments -- metabolism KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -- metabolism KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- etiology KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- genetics KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- metabolism KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70944558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncogene&rft.atitle=Cooperative+interaction+between+mutant+p53+and+des%281-3%29IGF-I+accelerates+mammary+tumorigenesis.&rft.au=Hadsell%2C+D+L%3BMurphy%2C+K+L%3BBonnette%2C+S+G%3BReece%2C+N%3BLaucirica%2C+R%3BRosen%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Hadsell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-02-17&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=889&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncogene&rft.issn=09509232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-16 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water and solute movement in soil as influenced by macropore characteristics 2. Macropore tortuosity AN - 17592232; 4690655 AB - The paper describes the results of a laboratory study on the effects of macropore tortuosity on breakthrough curves BTCs and solute distribution in a Forman loam (fine loamy-mixed Udic Haploborolls) soil. BTC were obtained using 2-D columns (slab) containing artificial macropores of five different tortuosity levels. The BTCs were run under a constant hydraulic head of 0.08 m over an initially air dry soil. The input solutions contained 1190 mg l super(-1) of potassium bromide, 10 mg l super(-1) of Rhodamine WT, and 100 mg l super(-1) of FD&C Blue #1. A soil column without macropores served as a control. The displacement of a non-adsorbed tracer was not affected by the tortuosity level. An increase in macropore tortuosity progressively increased the breakthrough time, increased the apparent retardation coefficient (R'), decreased the depth to the center of mass of a given adsorbed tracer, and increased the anisotropy in tracer distribution profile. The relative importance of macropore tortuosity increased with an increase in the adsorption coefficient of the tracer. Compared to macropore continuity, the macropore tortuosity had greater impact on solute distribution profile than in its leaching. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Allaire-Leung, SE AU - Gupta, S C AU - Moncrief, J F AD - US Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, sleung@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/02/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 15 SP - 303 EP - 315 VL - 41 IS - 3-4 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - tortuosity KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Leaching KW - Laboratories KW - Soil contamination KW - Soil Water KW - Tracers KW - Laboratory methods KW - Solute Transport KW - Adsorption KW - Hydrology KW - Macropores KW - Preferential Flow KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17592232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Water+and+solute+movement+in+soil+as+influenced+by+macropore+characteristics+2.+Macropore+tortuosity&rft.au=Allaire-Leung%2C+SE%3BGupta%2C+S+C%3BMoncrief%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Allaire-Leung&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2000-02-15&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-7722%2899%2900074-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solute Transport; Soil Water; Macropores; Preferential Flow; Laboratories; Tracers; Leaching; Soil contamination; Hydrology; Laboratory methods; Adsorption DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00074-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water and solute movement in soil as influenced by macropore characteristics 1. Macropore continuity AN - 17589944; 4690654 AB - In most contaminant transport modeling studies, only the macropores that are visible at the soil surface are considered. Furthermore, it is assumed that these macropores are straight and continuous throughout the soil profile. Little is known on the importance of other types of macropore continuity and tortuosity on preferential movement of contaminants through soils. This paper describes the results of a laboratory study dealing with macropore continuity effects on breakthrough curves (BTCs) and solute distribution in a Forman loam (fine-loamy mixed Udic Haploborolls) soil. BTCs were obtained under a constant hydraulic head of 0.08 m from a 2-D column (slab) containing artificial macropores. The input solution contained 1190 mg l super(-1) KBr, 10 mg l super(-1) Rhodamine WT, and 100 mg l super(-1) FD&C Blue #1. The continuity types studied were: macropore open at the soil surface-open at the bottom of the column (O-O), open-closed (O-C), closed-open (C-O), and closed-closed (C-C). A treatment without macropore served as a control. As expected, the solution in the O-O treatment reached the bottom of the macropore about 100 times faster by bypassing most of the soil matrices. As a result, the breakthrough time for O-O treatments was much faster than any other continuity treatments. Both the O-O and O-C type macropores favored earlier breakthrough, smaller apparent retardation coefficient (R'), deeper center of mass, and higher anisotropy in tracer concentrations in the horizontal direction than the C-O, C-C, and the Control treatment. The C-C macropore was favored in deeper penetration of tracer only when another macropore was present nearby. The importance of macropore continuity increased with an increase in the adsorption coefficient of the tracers. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Allaire-Leung, SE AU - Gupta, S C AU - Moncrief, J F AD - US Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, sleung@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/02/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 15 SP - 283 EP - 301 VL - 41 IS - 3-4 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil contamination KW - Soil Water KW - Tracers KW - Laboratory methods KW - Solute Transport KW - Adsorption KW - Hydrology KW - Macropores KW - Preferential Flow KW - Soil Profile KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17589944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Water+and+solute+movement+in+soil+as+influenced+by+macropore+characteristics+1.+Macropore+continuity&rft.au=Allaire-Leung%2C+SE%3BGupta%2C+S+C%3BMoncrief%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Allaire-Leung&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2000-02-15&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-7722%2899%2900079-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil Water; Solute Transport; Macropores; Soil Profile; Preferential Flow; Soil contamination; Hydrology; Tracers; Adsorption; Laboratory methods DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00079-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The induction of SOS function in Escherichia coli K-12/PQ37 by 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO) and fecapentaenes-12 and -14 is bile salt sensitive: implications for colon carcinogenesis. AN - 71016640; 10751601 AB - The response of Escherichia coli to genotoxic agents involves the triggering of a complex system of genes known as the SOS response. In E. coli PQ37, a test organism used for the assessment of genotoxicity, lacZ, the beta-galactosidase gene is placed under the control of sfiA, one of the SOS genes through an operon fusion. The induction of beta-galactosidase activity, when the organism is exposed to genotoxic agents, is an indirect measure of the genotoxic activity of the test compound. Incubation of E. coli PQ37 with either 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO) or one of the fecal mutagens, fecapentaene-12 or -14 (F-12 or F-14) in the presence of sodium taurocholate or sodium deoxycholate resulted in a significant enhancement of induction of beta-galactosidase activity. The molecular mechanisms of 4-NQO-induced mutagenesis in E. coli are similar to those of the effects of UV light in which both replication-dependent and repair-dependent pathways of mutagenesis exist. Since E. coli PQ37 is excision-repair-deficient, alternate pathways are involved in this system. Bile salts by themselves do not trigger the SOS response, and hence their role in enhancing the SOS-inducing potency of mutagens may involve the potentiation of the cleavage-inactivation of lexA (repressor of SOS) by the protein product of the SOS-controlled gene, recA. The potentiating effect of bile salts on the fecal mutagens, F-12 and F-14, has implications in their suspected role in colon carcinogenesis associated with high-fat, low-fiber diets. JF - Mutation research AU - Nair, P P AU - Davis, K E AU - Shami, S AU - Lagerholm, S AD - Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA. ppnair@aol.com Y1 - 2000/02/14/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 14 SP - 179 EP - 185 VL - 447 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Bile Acids and Salts KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Polyenes KW - Deoxycholic Acid KW - 005990WHZZ KW - 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide KW - 56-57-5 KW - Taurocholic Acid KW - 5E090O0G3Z KW - Lithocholic Acid KW - 5QU0I8393U KW - 1-(1-glycero)tetradeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaene KW - 84000-58-8 KW - 1-(1-glycero)dodeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaene KW - 84000-59-9 KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide -- toxicity KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Deoxycholic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- drug effects KW - Polyenes -- toxicity KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- metabolism KW - Drug Synergism KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Lithocholic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Taurocholic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Bile Acids and Salts -- pharmacology KW - SOS Response (Genetics) -- physiology KW - Escherichia coli -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - SOS Response (Genetics) -- radiation effects KW - Escherichia coli -- physiology KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - SOS Response (Genetics) -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71016640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=The+induction+of+SOS+function+in+Escherichia+coli+K-12%2FPQ37+by+4-nitroquinoline+oxide+%284-NQO%29+and+fecapentaenes-12+and+-14+is+bile+salt+sensitive%3A+implications+for+colon+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Nair%2C+P+P%3BDavis%2C+K+E%3BShami%2C+S%3BLagerholm%2C+S&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-02-14&rft.volume=447&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from US Grasslands AN - 899153721; 15625119 AB - O) emissions from temperate grasslands are poorly quantified and may be an important part of the atmospheric N sub(2)O budget. In this study N sub(2)O emissions were simulated for 1052 grassland sites in the United States using the NGAS model of Parton and others (1996) coupled with an organic matter decomposition model. N sub(2)O flux was calculated for each site using soil and land use data obtained from the National Resource Inventory (NRI) database and weather data obtained from NASA. The estimates were regionalized based upon temperature and moisture isotherms. Annual N sub(2)O emissions for each region were based on the grassland area of each region and the mean estimated annual N sub(2)O flux from NRI grassland sites in the region. The regional fluxes ranged from 0.18 to 1.02 kg N sub(2)O N/ha/yr with the mean flux for all regions being 0.28 kg N sub(2)O N/ha/yr. Even though fluxes from the western regions were relatively low, these regions made the largest contribution to total emissions due to their large grassland area. Total US grassland N sub(2)O emissions were estimated to be about 67 Gg N sub(2)O N/yr. Emissions from the Great Plains states, which contain the largest expanse of natural grassland in the United States, were estimated to average 0.24 kg N sub(2)O N/ha/yr. Using the annual flux estimate for the temperate Great Plains, we estimate that temperate grasslands worldwide may potentially produce 0.27 Tg N sub(2)O N/yr. Even though our estimate for global temperate grassland N sub(2)O emissions is less than published estimates for other major temperate and tropical biomes, our results indicate that temperate grasslands are a significant part of both United States and global atmospheric N sub(2)O budgets. This study demonstrates the utility of models for regional N sub(2)O flux estimation although additional data from carefully designed field studies is needed to further validate model results. JF - Environmental Management AU - Mummey, Daniel L AU - Smith, Jeffrey L AU - Bluhm, George AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6421, USA , US Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 169 EP - 175 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Decomposition KW - Models KW - Soil KW - Nitrous oxide emissions KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Emissions KW - plains KW - Isotherms KW - budgets KW - Temperature effects KW - Inventories KW - Weather KW - Data processing KW - Organic matter KW - Land use KW - Databases KW - Grasslands KW - USA KW - USA, Great Plains KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.524.1/.3:Structure/Variations (551.524.1/.3) KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899153721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+Nitrous+Oxide+Emissions+from+US+Grasslands&rft.au=Mummey%2C+Daniel+L%3BSmith%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BBluhm%2C+George&rft.aulast=Mummey&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002679910013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Weather; Inventories; Data processing; Organic matter; Decomposition; Land use; Models; Soil; Grasslands; Databases; Nitrous oxide; Isotherms; Nitrous oxide emissions; Atmospheric pollution models; Emissions; plains; budgets; USA; USA, Great Plains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679910013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antifungal peptides: potential candidates for the treatment of fungal infections. AN - 72382870; 11060677 AB - Many diversely produced natural peptides, as well as those produced semisynthetically and synthetically, have been found to inhibit the growth or even be lethal to a wide range of fungi. Some of these have the potential to aid mankind in combating mycoses caused by emerging pathogens or as a result of the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant fungi. Antifungal peptides may also assist in non-medical fields such as agriculture. For example, introduction by transgenic research of antifungal peptides could improve crop production yields by increasing host resistance to fungal invasion. The aim of this review is to provide information on research on these important peptides. JF - Expert opinion on investigational drugs AU - De Lucca, A J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd. New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. adelucca@commserver.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 273 EP - 299 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1354-3784, 1354-3784 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Insect Proteins KW - Peptides KW - Plant Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Mycoses -- drug therapy KW - Drug Synergism KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Antifungal Agents -- chemistry KW - Fungi -- drug effects KW - Antifungal Agents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72382870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+opinion+on+investigational+drugs&rft.atitle=Antifungal+peptides%3A+potential+candidates+for+the+treatment+of+fungal+infections.&rft.au=De+Lucca%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=De+Lucca&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Expert+opinion+on+investigational+drugs&rft.issn=13543784&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for fecal shedding of Salmonella in 91 US dairy herds in 1996. AN - 71066120; 10782596 AB - In 1996, data on management practices used on US dairy operations were collected and analyzed for association with fecal shedding of Salmonella by dairy cows. A total of 4299 fecal samples from 91 herds was cultured for Salmonella isolation. Herd-size (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 5.8, 95% CI 1.1, 31.3), region (OR = 5.7, CI 1.4, 23.5), use of flush water systems (OR = 3.5, CI 0.9, 14.7), and feeding brewers' products to lactating cows (OR = 3.4, CI 0.9, 12.9) were identified as the most important predictive risk factors. The population attributable risks (PARs) for herd-size, region, flush water system, and feeding brewers' products to lactating cows were 0.76, 0.46, 0.37, and 0.42, respectively. The estimated PAR for all four risk factors combined was 0.95. The effects of these factors need to be more-closely evaluated in more-controlled studies, in order to develop intervention programs that reduce Salmonella shedding. JF - Preventive veterinary medicine AU - Kabagambe, E K AU - Wells, S J AU - Garber, L P AU - Salman, M D AU - Wagner, B AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AD - Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. ekabagambe@yahoo.com Y1 - 2000/02/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 01 SP - 177 EP - 194 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0167-5877, 0167-5877 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Risk Factors KW - Food Contamination KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Female KW - Lactation KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- transmission KW - Cattle Diseases -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71066120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventive+veterinary+medicine&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+fecal+shedding+of+Salmonella+in+91+US+dairy+herds+in+1996.&rft.au=Kabagambe%2C+E+K%3BWells%2C+S+J%3BGarber%2C+L+P%3BSalman%2C+M+D%3BWagner%2C+B%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Kabagambe&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preventive+veterinary+medicine&rft.issn=01675877&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter recovery from external and internal organs of commercial broiler carcass prior to scalding. AN - 71026096; 10735759 AB - Campylobacter is a human pathogen commonly found on live broilers and processed carcasses. To plan effective intervention strategies, it would be helpful to know which Campylobacter populations are associated with the external and internal organs of broilers. Six carcasses were collected after exiting the bleed tunnel at a commercial broiler plant on each of three visits (n = 18). Carcasses were placed individually into sterile plastic bags, sealed, and covered with ice for transport to the laboratory. Five locations were sampled aseptically from each carcass: breast feathers (hand picked from the sternal tracts); breast skin, including the sternal tracts; crop; ceca; and colon. Samples included adhering contamination or lumen contents and were covered with phosphate-buffered saline and blended. Serial dilutions were made for examination of Campylobacter, coliform, Escherichia coli, and total aerobic bacterial populations. Average sample weights (grams) were as follows: feathers, 1.5; skin, 6.5; crop, 5.1; ceca, 7.8; and colon, 3.1. Campylobacter populations (mean log10 colony-forming units per gram of sample) found were feathers, 5.4; skin, 3.8; crop, 4.7; ceca, 7.3; and colon, 7.2. Coliform/E. coli populations observed were feathers, 6.4/6.0; skin, 5.3/4.9; crop, 4.3/3.7; ceca, 6.6/6.2; and colon, 5.8/5.3. Total aerobic bacterial populations found were feathers, 7.9; skin, 7.1; crop, 5.8; ceca, 6.8; and colon, 6.4. On a per gram basis, ceca and colon are the internal organs that if ruptured could cause the highest number of Campylobacter to be leaked onto the carcass. The crop also contained more Campylobacter per gram than did the skin, and if compromised may increase the numbers on the surface of the carcass. However, even with no contamination from an internal organ, a substantial population of Campylobacter is already resident on broiler skin as the carcass enters the early stages of processing. JF - Poultry science AU - Berrang, M E AU - Buhr, R J AU - Cason, J A AD - USDA-ARS, Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. mberrang@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 286 EP - 290 VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Abattoirs KW - Humans KW - Crop, Avian -- microbiology KW - Cecum -- microbiology KW - Male KW - Feathers -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- veterinary KW - Food Contamination KW - Digestive System -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71026096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+recovery+from+external+and+internal+organs+of+commercial+broiler+carcass+prior+to+scalding.&rft.au=Berrang%2C+M+E%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BCason%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Berrang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic feasibility analysis for an automated on-line poultry inspection technology. AN - 70987581; 10735756 AB - On-line carcass inspection of chickens in the United States is currently done using visual (organoleptic) methods. Inspectors from the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) inspect the viscera and carcass and, for older birds, the heads using a sequence of observations and palpations at a postmortem inspection station. The streamlined inspection system (SIS) and the new line speed inspection system (NELS) are the most prevalent visual inspection methods. The former has a line speed of 70 birds/min with two inspectors per line, and the latter has a line speed of 91 birds/min requiring three inspectors per line. Both inspection methods are labor intensive and prone to human error. In addition, the speed of the slaughter line is dictated by the number of birds per minute that can be inspected by FSIS inspectors. Ninety-one birds/min is currently the maximum visual inspection line speed allowed under current Federal regulations. This study evaluates the economic benefits of using automated inspection in place of visual inspection from the perspective of both the slaughter plant and FSIS. The results indicate that FSIS and slaughter plants would gain economic benefits by using automated inspection in place of visual inspection. The economic benefits to FSIS would accrue from labor savings, whereas the economic benefits to slaughter plants would accrue primarily from increased throughput from faster inspection line speeds. JF - Poultry science AU - Watkins, B AU - Lu, Y C AU - Chen, Y R AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Remote Sensing and Modeling Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. bwatkins@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 265 EP - 274 VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Abattoirs KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Time Management KW - Poultry KW - Automation -- economics KW - Food Inspection -- economics KW - Food Inspection -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70987581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Economic+feasibility+analysis+for+an+automated+on-line+poultry+inspection+technology.&rft.au=Watkins%2C+B%3BLu%2C+Y+C%3BChen%2C+Y+R&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin B1 from the fungus Fusarium moniliforme causes contact toxicity in plants: evidence from studies with biosynthetically labeled toxin. AN - 70964557; 10701184 AB - Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most abundant of a series of sphingosine analog mycotoxins produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, a ubiquitous contaminant of stored corn (maize) worldwide. FB1 exhibits a variety of biological activities including phytotoxicity, which is of particular interest for its potential role as a virulence factor to facilitate invasion of plant tissues by the fungus. Droplets of FB1 solution applied to the leaf surface of jimsonweed, black nightshade, and susceptible tomatoes caused necrosis, growth inhibition, and death. With Arabidopsis thaliana grown on agar plates, an IC50 (concentration causing half maximal phytotoxicity) of less than 1 ppm was observed. [3H]FB1 was prepared by biosynthetic incorporation of commercially-available radiolabeled presumptive precursors into the toxin in rice medium solid cultures of F. moniliforme JW#1. The labeled toxin produced by incorporation of [9,10(-3)H]palmitate induced phytotoxic symptoms identical to unlabeled material, indicating it had full biological activity. The area of necrosis on treated leaves was similar in light and dark treated plants. Using liquid scintillation counting to quantify radioactivity in excised plant parts, over 95% of the [3H]FB1 radioactivity applied to leaves of light or dark-treated plants was recovered from the treated leaf. When [3H]FB1 was applied to a wound site on target plants, severe damage occurred at the site of FB1 application and in tissue above the site. These results indicate that FB1 applied to intact surfaces of target plants exhibits primarily contact activity. Translocation of FB1 is limited, occurring only when FB1 is applied to a wound site, and it results in damage to tissue above the point of application, indicating that FB1 is xylem mobile. JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - Abbas, H K AU - Smeda, R J AU - Gerwick, B C AU - Shier, W T AD - Southern Weed Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. habbas@ag.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 85 EP - 100 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Fumonisins KW - Palmitates KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tritium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Necrosis KW - Palmitates -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacokinetics KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacokinetics KW - Plants -- drug effects KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70964557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+B1+from+the+fungus+Fusarium+moniliforme+causes+contact+toxicity+in+plants%3A+evidence+from+studies+with+biosynthetically+labeled+toxin.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BSmeda%2C+R+J%3BGerwick%2C+B+C%3BShier%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-29 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The interaction between dietary fructose and magnesium adversely affects macromineral homeostasis in men. AN - 70943673; 10682873 AB - Studies with rats have found that an interaction between fructose and magnesium affects macromineral metabolism; high dietary fructose significantly increased kidney calcification in both male and female rats, particularly when dietary magnesium was low. This study tests the hypothesis that an interaction between dietary fructose and magnesium adversely affects macromineral homeostasis in men. Eleven men aged 22 to 40 years were fed a mixed, Western diet for four 42-day dietary periods in which dietary magnesium was either approximately 170 or 370 mg/day and dietary fructose was either 4% or 20% of energy. A decaffeinated beverage containing high fructose corn syrup replaced cornstarch, bread and rice in the low fructose diet to give the high fructose diet. High dietary fructose significantly (p<0.01) increased magnesium balance during both low and high dietary magnesium intakes. Ultrafilterable and ionized serum magnesium also apparently were related to magnesium and fructose intakes; they were higher when fructose was fed and when Mg intakes were high. High fructose depressed calcium balance: the effect tended to be more marked when dietary Mg was low. High dietary fructose also significantly (p<0.005) decreased phosphorous balance. Urinary phosphorous losses were significantly (p<0.001) higher when high dietary fructose was fed. High dietary fructose also increased the concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase (p<0.005). These findings indicate that dietary fructose adversely affects macromineral homeostasis in humans and suggest further studies to see if a high fructose diet coupled with low dietary magnesium and marginal calcium leads to bone loss. JF - Journal of the American College of Nutrition AU - Milne, D B AU - Nielsen, F H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, North Dakota 58202-9034, USA. Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 31 EP - 37 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0731-5724, 0731-5724 KW - Dietary Carbohydrates KW - 0 KW - Minerals KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Fructose KW - 30237-26-4 KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Drug Interactions KW - Phosphorus -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Diet KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Male KW - Magnesium -- metabolism KW - Magnesium -- administration & dosage KW - Dietary Carbohydrates -- pharmacology KW - Magnesium -- pharmacology KW - Fructose -- administration & dosage KW - Homeostasis -- drug effects KW - Minerals -- metabolism KW - Fructose -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70943673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=The+interaction+between+dietary+fructose+and+magnesium+adversely+affects+macromineral+homeostasis+in+men.&rft.au=Milne%2C+D+B%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=07315724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of aflatoxin in almonds. 2. Distribution in almonds with heavy insect damage. AN - 70918675; 10691662 AB - The aflatoxin distribution function in individual insect-damaged NePlus Ultra almonds was determined and found to be the sum of two distributions. Substantially all almonds exhibited a positive aflatoxin level between 0.02 ng/g (the detection level) and 0.3 ng/g, the precise form of this distribution depending on the lot studied. In addition, 1/1000 of the nuts showed contamination between 60 and 600 000 ng/g, independent of the lot. The latter distribution showed a smooth decrease with log concentration in this range, with no evidence of a minimum, as had been found previously for pistachios. No distribution data between 0.3 and 60 ng/g could be obtained. The distribution below 0.3 ng/g was assigned to contamination during post-harvest storage. The distribution above 60 ng/g was tentatively assigned to navel orange worm damage occurring when insects enter the kernel during split hulls late in the growing season. Considerable additional work will be required to verify these assignments. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Schatzki, T F AU - Ong, M S AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 489 EP - 492 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Insects -- physiology KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Nuts -- parasitology KW - Nuts -- chemistry KW - Nuts -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70918675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+aflatoxin+in+almonds.+2.+Distribution+in+almonds+with+heavy+insect+damage.&rft.au=Schatzki%2C+T+F%3BOng%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Schatzki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in esterases are associated with malathion resistance in Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). AN - 70554050; 14658508 AB - Biochemical mechanisms of malathion resistance were investigated in a malathion-resistant strain of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say collected from a farm storage in Kansas. General esterase activities were significantly lower in the resistant strain compared with those in a susceptible strain. However, no significant differences were found in activities of malathion specific carboxylesterase (MCE), glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 dependent O-demethylase activities, cytochrome P450 contents, and sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to inhibition by malaoxon between the 2 strains. Because MCE was not elevated in the resistant strain, the weak malathion resistance in H. hebetor may result from a different mechanism compared with that hypothesized for some insect species in which reduced general esterase activity is accompanied by an elevated MCE. Decreased esterase activity in the resistant strain suggested that null alleles of some esterases were associated with the resistance. Indeed, E1 and E2, major esterases in the susceptible strain, were not present in the resistant strain on polyacrylamide gels that were stained for esterase activity using the model substrate 1-naphthyl acetate. In contrast, the activity of esterase E3 on the gels was much higher in the resistant strain as compared with that of the susceptible strain. These findings indicate that malathion resistance in H. hebetor is associated with both an increased activity of the esterase E3 and null alleles of the esterases E1 and E2. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Perez-Mendoza, J AU - Fabrick, J A AU - Zhu, K Y AU - Baker, J E AD - Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA. Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 31 EP - 37 VL - 93 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Male KW - Female KW - Esterases -- genetics KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Hymenoptera -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70554050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+esterases+are+associated+with+malathion+resistance+in+Habrobracon+hebetor+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29.&rft.au=Perez-Mendoza%2C+J%3BFabrick%2C+J+A%3BZhu%2C+K+Y%3BBaker%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Perez-Mendoza&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methyl eugenol and cue-lure traps for suppression of male oriental fruit flies and melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii: effects of lure mixtures and weathering. AN - 70547243; 14658515 AB - Methyl eugenol (4-allyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene-carboxylate) and cue-lure [4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone] are highly attractive kairomone lures to oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and melon fly, B. cucurbitae (Coquillett), respectively. Plastic bucket traps were evaluated as dispensers for methyl eugenol and cue-lure for suppression of the 2 fruit flies in Hawaii. Methyl eugenol and cue-lure mixtures were compared with pure methyl eugenol or cue-lure over 4 seasons. B. dorsalis captures differed significantly with treatment and season. B. dorsalis captures with 100% methyl-eugenol were significantly greater than all other treatments (25, 50, and 75%). B. cucurbitae captures also differed significantly with treatment but not with season. Captures with 100, 75, and 50% cue-lure were not significantly different. Bucket traps baited with cue-lure (+ malathion) and weathered under Hawaiian climatic conditions were attractive to B. cucurbitae up to 8 wk. Two methyl eugenol dispensers (canec disks and Min-U-Gel) were compared with bucket traps. Dispensers (methyl eugenol + malathion) were weathered for 2-16 wk under Hawaiian climatic conditions and bioassayed during summer and winter. Initially, captures of B. dorsalis were not significantly different for the 3 dispensers. Bucket traps and canec disks were most resistant to weather, remaining attractive to B. dorsalis flies up to 16 wk. Min-U-Gel was least resistant, losing attractiveness to B. dorsalis flies within 2 wk. On the basis of performance, bucket traps and canec disks were equally long-lived up to 14 wk; thereafter, bucket traps were slightly more attractive during winter. Canec disks were cheapest, but on the basis of possible environmental concerns, bucket traps may be the best all-around choice for areawide suppression of fruit flies. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Vargas, R I AU - Stark, J D AU - Kido, M H AU - Ketter, H M AU - Whitehand, L C AD - U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 81 EP - 87 VL - 93 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - 4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone KW - 0 KW - Butanones KW - Insecticides KW - Pheromones KW - insect attractants KW - methyleugenol KW - 29T9VA6R7M KW - Eugenol KW - 3T8H1794QW KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Seasons KW - Hawaii KW - Eugenol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Tephritidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70547243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Methyl+eugenol+and+cue-lure+traps+for+suppression+of+male+oriental+fruit+flies+and+melon+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+in+Hawaii%3A+effects+of+lure+mixtures+and+weathering.&rft.au=Vargas%2C+R+I%3BStark%2C+J+D%3BKido%2C+M+H%3BKetter%2C+H+M%3BWhitehand%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical verification of soil discontinuities in Virginia AN - 52245558; 2001-030910 JF - Soil Science AU - Ogg, C M AU - Edmonds, W J AU - Baker, J C Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 170 EP - 183 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 165 IS - 2 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - United States KW - slopes KW - Ultisols KW - Appalachians KW - Fragiudults KW - soil sampling KW - Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank test KW - spatial variations KW - size distribution KW - mineral composition KW - Blue Ridge Mountains KW - multivariate analysis KW - age KW - Page County Virginia KW - soils KW - Paleudults KW - North America KW - soil profiles KW - discriminant analysis KW - Virginia KW - principal components analysis KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - pedons KW - Rockingham County Virginia KW - color KW - alluvial fans KW - soil surveys KW - parent materials KW - Augusta County Virginia KW - surveys KW - unconformities KW - geomorphology KW - Botetourt County Virginia KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52245558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Statistical+verification+of+soil+discontinuities+in+Virginia&rft.au=Ogg%2C+C+M%3BEdmonds%2C+W+J%3BBaker%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Ogg&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 9 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - age; alluvial fans; Appalachians; Augusta County Virginia; Blue Ridge Mountains; Botetourt County Virginia; color; discriminant analysis; Fragiudults; geomorphology; grain size; mineral composition; multivariate analysis; North America; Page County Virginia; Paleudults; parent materials; pedons; principal components analysis; Rockingham County Virginia; size distribution; slopes; soil profiles; soil sampling; soil surveys; soils; spatial variations; statistical analysis; surveys; Ultisols; unconformities; United States; Virginia; Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank test ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The summer drought related hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) decline in eastern North America 5,700 to 5,100 years ago AN - 52213844; 2001-050242 JF - General Technical Report NE AU - Haas, Jean Nicolas AU - McAndrews, John H A2 - McManus, Katherine A. A2 - Shields, Kathleen S. A2 - Souto, Dennis R. Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 81 EP - 88 PB - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Broomall, PA SN - 0748-1314, 0748-1314 KW - Spermatophyta KW - parasites KW - Chlorophyta KW - Pinus KW - climate change KW - paleoecology KW - drought KW - Shepherd Lake KW - carbon KW - absolute age KW - Invertebrata KW - Bruce Peninsula KW - forests KW - North America KW - Plantae KW - Betula KW - Quaternary KW - middle Holocene KW - Ontario KW - Canada KW - palynomorphs KW - Pinaceae KW - seasonal variations KW - gyttja KW - regression analysis KW - lake-level changes KW - Wilcox Lake KW - isotopes KW - Ulmus KW - Coniferales KW - algae KW - Holocene KW - Dicotyledoneae KW - Najas KW - Cenozoic KW - radioactive isotopes KW - dates KW - Tsuga canadensis KW - sediments KW - Tsuga KW - Charophyta KW - Najas flexilis KW - Gymnospermae KW - statistical analysis KW - C-14 KW - Oak Ridges Moraine KW - Eastern Canada KW - aquatic environment KW - microfossils KW - Angiospermae KW - eastern North America KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52213844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General+Technical+Report+NE&rft.atitle=The+summer+drought+related+hemlock+%28Tsuga+canadensis%29+decline+in+eastern+North+America+5%2C700+to+5%2C100+years+ago&rft.au=Haas%2C+Jean+Nicolas%3BMcAndrews%2C+John+H&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=General+Technical+Report+NE&rft.issn=07481314&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Symposium on Sustainable management of hemlock ecosystems in eastern North America N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; algae; Angiospermae; aquatic environment; Betula; Bruce Peninsula; C-14; Canada; carbon; Cenozoic; Charophyta; Chlorophyta; climate change; Coniferales; dates; Dicotyledoneae; drought; Eastern Canada; eastern North America; forests; Gymnospermae; gyttja; Holocene; Invertebrata; isotopes; lake-level changes; microfossils; middle Holocene; Najas; Najas flexilis; North America; Oak Ridges Moraine; Ontario; paleoecology; palynomorphs; parasites; Pinaceae; Pinus; Plantae; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; regression analysis; seasonal variations; sediments; Shepherd Lake; Spermatophyta; statistical analysis; Tsuga; Tsuga canadensis; Ulmus; Wilcox Lake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symposium on Sustainable management of hemlock ecosystems in eastern North America AN - 52212509; 2001-050241 JF - General Technical Report NE A2 - McManus, Katherine A. A2 - Shields, Kathleen S. A2 - Souto, Dennis R. Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 237 PB - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Broomall, PA SN - 0748-1314, 0748-1314 KW - North America KW - Spermatophyta KW - Plantae KW - Adelges tsugae KW - Gymnospermae KW - forestry KW - ecosystems KW - Coniferales KW - Arthropoda KW - symposia KW - conservation KW - Mandibulata KW - Tsuga canadensis KW - Tsuga KW - Invertebrata KW - ecology KW - land use KW - Insecta KW - eastern North America KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52212509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=General+Technical+Report+NE&rft.atitle=Symposium+on+Sustainable+management+of+hemlock+ecosystems+in+eastern+North+America&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=General+Technical+Report+NE&rft.issn=07481314&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Symposium on Sustainable management of hemlock ecosystems in eastern North America N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers within scope are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adelges tsugae; Arthropoda; Coniferales; conservation; eastern North America; ecology; ecosystems; forestry; Gymnospermae; Insecta; Invertebrata; land use; Mandibulata; North America; Plantae; Spermatophyta; symposia; Tsuga; Tsuga canadensis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil water components based on capacitance probes in a sandy soil AN - 52202545; 2001-059989 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Fares, A AU - Alva, A K Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 311 EP - 318 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - textures KW - rainfall KW - drainage KW - water management KW - Florida KW - evapotranspiration KW - irrigation KW - Central Florida KW - trees KW - soil-water balance KW - seasonal variations KW - Polk County Florida KW - leaching KW - arenaceous texture KW - pore water KW - Lake Alfred Florida KW - soil management KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52202545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+water+components+based+on+capacitance+probes+in+a+sandy+soil&rft.au=Fares%2C+A%3BAlva%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Fares&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://soil.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., block diag. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arenaceous texture; Central Florida; drainage; evapotranspiration; Florida; hydrology; irrigation; Lake Alfred Florida; leaching; monitoring; Polk County Florida; pore water; rainfall; seasonal variations; soil management; soil-water balance; soils; textures; trees; United States; water management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus management at the watershed scale: a modification of the phosphorus index AN - 27649567; 2001-80-004178 (CE); 0464751 (EN) AB - We considered hydrologic and chemical factors controlling P export from a 39.5-ha mixed land use watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, focusing our evaluation on watershed vulnerability to P loss. The spatial variations of P source factors, soil P, and P inputs from fertilizer and manure were evaluated. Distribution of Mehlich-3 soil P on a 30-m grid over the watershed showed that soil P varied with land use. Soils in wooded areas had low Mehlich-3 P ( 200 mg kg super(-1). Phosphorus sources and transport controls on P loss were evaluated by examining in-stream P concentrations during storm hydrographs. Phosphorus concentrations decreased 50% down-stream from headwaters to watershed outlet, and were more closely related to near-stream (within 60 m) distribution of high-P soils than to that of the whole watershed. This suggests that near-stream surface runoff and soil P are controlling P export from the watershed. Based on these findings, we modified the Phosphorus Index (PI), a user-oriented tool developed by the NRCS-USDA to identify critical source areas controlling P export from agricultural watersheds. The modification separately evaluates P source and transport factors, and incorporates the hydrologic return period to describe contributing areas. The modified PI was applied to the watershed to illustrate interactions between P source and transport processes controlling P export, and approaches for managing P loss. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Gburek, William J AU - Sharpley, Andrew N AU - Heathwaite, Louise AU - Folmar, Gordon J AD - USDA-ARS, University Park, PA, USA PY - 2000 SP - 130 EP - 144 PB - American Society of Agronomy, 677 S. Segoe Rd , Madison, WI, 53711, USA, [mailto:lhendrickson@agronomy.org], [URL:http://www.agronomy.org] VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Watersheds KW - Phosphorus KW - International trade KW - Exports KW - Manure KW - Land use KW - Modification KW - Indexes KW - Fertilizing KW - Polyimides KW - Management KW - Variations KW - Vulnerability KW - Environment KW - Control equipment KW - Agricultural management KW - Headwaters KW - Control surfaces KW - Runoff KW - Article KW - EE 483.1:Soils and Soil Mechanics KW - EE 821.2:Agricultural Chemicals KW - EE 804:Chemical Products Generally KW - EE 821.5:Agricultural Wastes (EN) KW - EE 444.1:Surface Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27649567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+management+at+the+watershed+scale%3A+a+modification+of+the+phosphorus+index&rft.au=Gburek%2C+William+J%3BSharpley%2C+Andrew+N%3BHeathwaite%2C+Louise%3BFolmar%2C+Gordon+J&rft.aulast=Gburek&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bovine Blastocyst-Derived Trophectoderm and Endoderm Cell Cultures: Interferon Tau and Transferrin Expression as Respective In Vitro Markers AN - 20222256; 5669227 AB - Continuous cultures of bovine trophectoderm (CT-1 and CT-5) and bovine endoderm (CE-1 and CE-2) were initiated and maintained on STO feeder cells. CT-1 and CT-5 were derived from the culture of intact, 10- to 11-day in vitro-produced blastocysts. CE-1 and CE-2 were derived from the culture of immunodissected inner cell masses of 7- to 8-day in vitro-produced blastocysts. The cultures were routinely passaged by physical dissociation. Although morphologically distinct, the trophectoderm and endoderm both grew as cell sheets of polarized epithelium (dome formations) composed of approximately cuboidal cells. Both cell types, particularly the endoderm, grew on top of the feeder cells for the most part. Trophectoderm cultures grew faster, relative to endoderm, in large, rapidly extending colonies of initially flat cells with little or no visible lipid. The endoderm, in contrast, grew more slowly as tightly knit colonies with numerous lipid vacuoles in the cells at the colony centers. Ultrastructure analysis revealed that both cell types were connected by desmosomes and tight junctional areas, although these were more extensive in the trophectoderm. Endoderm was particularly rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus indicative of cells engaged in high protein production and secretion. Interferon tau expression was specific to trophectoderm cultures, as demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and antiviral activity; and this property may act as a marker for this cell type. Serum protein production specific to endoderm cultures was demonstrated by Western blot; this attribute may be a useful marker for this cell type. This simple coculture method for the in vitro propagation of bovine trophectoderm and endoderm provides a system for assessing their biology in vitro. JF - Biology of Reproduction AU - Talbot, N C AU - Caperna, T J AU - Edwards, J L AU - Garrett, W AU - Wells, K D AU - Ealy, AD AD - USDA, ARS, LPSI, Gene Evaluation and Mapping Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, ntalbot@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 235 EP - 247 PB - Society for the Study of Reproduction VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Golgi apparatus KW - Western blotting KW - Lipids KW - trophectoderm KW - Cell culture KW - Antiviral activity KW - Serum proteins KW - Endoplasmic reticulum KW - Interferon KW - Desmosomes KW - blastocysts KW - Colonies KW - Transferrin KW - Continuous culture KW - Vacuoles KW - Endoderm KW - Epithelium KW - Ultrastructure KW - V 22410:Animal Diseases KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines KW - F 06935:Development, Aging & Organ Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20222256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+Reproduction&rft.atitle=Bovine+Blastocyst-Derived+Trophectoderm+and+Endoderm+Cell+Cultures%3A+Interferon+Tau+and+Transferrin+Expression+as+Respective+In+Vitro+Markers&rft.au=Talbot%2C+N+C%3BCaperna%2C+T+J%3BEdwards%2C+J+L%3BGarrett%2C+W%3BWells%2C+K+D%3BEaly%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+Reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0006-3363%282000%29062%280235%3ABBDTAE%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0006-3363&volume=62&page=235 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Western blotting; Golgi apparatus; Lipids; trophectoderm; Cell culture; Antiviral activity; Serum proteins; Interferon; Endoplasmic reticulum; Transferrin; Colonies; blastocysts; Desmosomes; Continuous culture; Vacuoles; Epithelium; Endoderm; Ultrastructure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0006-3363(2000)062(0235:BBDTAE)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical barrier to reduce WP mortalities of foraging waterfowl AN - 18009005; 4715302 AB - White phosphorus (WP) has been identified as the cause of mortality to certain species of waterfowl at Eagle River Flats, a tidal marsh in Alaska, used as an ordnance impact area by the U.S. Army. A blend of calcium bentonite/organo clays, gravel, and binding polymers was tested for effectiveness as a barrier to reduce duck foraging and mortality. Following the application of the barrier to one of two contaminated ponds, we observed greater duck foraging and higher mortality in the untreated pond and no mortality in the treated pond after a year of tidal inundations and ice effects. Emergent vegetation recovered within a year of treatment. WP levels in the barrier were less than the method limit of detection, indicating no migration of WP into the material. Barrier thickness remained relatively stable over a period of 4 years, and vegetation was found to be important in stabilizing the barrier material. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Pochop, P A AU - Cummings, J L AU - Yoder, CA AU - Gossweiler, WA AD - U.S. Dept. of Agr., Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Nat. Wildlife Res. Ctr., 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 182 EP - 188 VL - 126 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - Munitions KW - USA, Alaska, Eagle River Flats KW - White phosphorus KW - munitions KW - white phosphorus KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Barriers KW - Calcium KW - Military operations KW - Phosphorus KW - Man-induced effects KW - Freshwater KW - Ponds KW - Clays KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Tidal Marshes KW - Ecosystem management KW - Military KW - Waterfowl KW - Mortality KW - Substrata KW - Marine birds KW - Gravel KW - Wildlife KW - Poisoning KW - Brackish KW - Vegetation KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental protection KW - Foraging behaviour KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Marine pollution KW - Salt marshes KW - Comparison Studies KW - Detection Limits KW - Nature conservation KW - Bentonite KW - Polymers KW - Mortality causes KW - Aquatic birds KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - R2 23040:Biological KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18009005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Physical+barrier+to+reduce+WP+mortalities+of+foraging+waterfowl&rft.au=Pochop%2C+P+A%3BCummings%2C+J+L%3BYoder%2C+CA%3BGossweiler%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Pochop&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9372%282000%29126%3A2%28182%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Substrata; Marine birds; Gravel; Calcium; Barriers; Military operations; Phosphorus; Man-induced effects; Ponds; Environmental protection; Clays; Foraging behaviour; Bioaccumulation; Feeding behaviour; Salt marshes; Nature conservation; Ecosystem management; Bentonite; Polymers; Aquatic birds; Mortality causes; Mortality; Marine pollution; Wildlife; Poisoning; Vegetation; Environmental engineering; Military; Waterfowl; Detection Limits; Comparison Studies; Tidal Marshes; Brackish; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2000)126:2(182) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation tillage and macropore factors that affect water movement and the fate of chemicals AN - 17678402; 4761039 AB - A thorough understanding of how conservation tillage influences water quality is predicated on knowledge of how tillage affects water movement. This paper summarizes the effects of conservation tillage on water movement and quality mainly based on long-term experiments on Luvisols at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, OH, USA. Conservation tillage can have a much larger effect on how water moves through the soil than it does on the total amount percolating to groundwater. Soil macroporosity and the proportion of rainfall moving through preferential flow paths often increase with the adoption of conservation tillage and can contribute to a reduction in surface runoff. In some medium- and fine-textured soils most of the water that moves to the subsoil during the growing season (May-October) is probably transmitted by macropores. If a heavy, intense storm occurs shortly after surface application of an agricultural chemical to soils with well-developed macroporosity, the water transmitted to the subsoil by the macropores may contain significant amounts of applied chemical, up to a few per cent, regardless of the affinity of the chemical for the soil. This amount can be reduced by an order of magnitude or more with the passage of time or if light rainstorms precede the first major leaching event. Because of movement into the soil matrix and sorption, solutes normally strongly adsorbed by the soil should only be subject to leaching in macropores in the first few storms after application. Even under extreme conditions, it is unlikely that the amount of additional adsorbed solute transported to groundwater will exceed a few per cent of the application when conservation tillage is used instead of conventional tillage. In the case of non-adsorbed solutes, such as nitrate, movement into the soil matrix will not preclude further leaching. Therefore, when recharge occurs during the dormant season thorough flushing of the soil, whether macropores are present or not, can move the remaining solutes to groundwater. Thus, the net effect of tillage treatment on leaching of non-adsorbed solutes should be minimal. JF - Soil and Tillage Research AU - Shipitalo, MJ AU - Dick, WA AU - Edwards, WM AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, PO Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812-0488, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 167 EP - 183 VL - 53 IS - 3-4 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Leaching KW - Tillage KW - Porosity KW - Water Quality KW - Flow Discharge KW - Conservation KW - Macropores KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - SW 0840:Groundwater KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17678402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+and+Tillage+Research&rft.atitle=Conservation+tillage+and+macropore+factors+that+affect+water+movement+and+the+fate+of+chemicals&rft.au=Shipitalo%2C+MJ%3BDick%2C+WA%3BEdwards%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Shipitalo&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+and+Tillage+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leaching; Tillage; Porosity; Conservation; Water quality (Natural waters); Water Quality; Flow Discharge; Macropores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Francisella tularensis in infected mammals and vectors using a probe-based polymerase chain reaction AN - 17615635; 4759676 AB - We investigated the use of a TaqMan 5' nuclease assay (5NA) directed against the Francisella tularensis outer membrane protein (Fop) gene and a polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) directed against the tul 4 gene for detection of this organism in experimentally infected mice and in field-collected tick vectors. We also evaluated the use of specially formulated filter paper (FTA) for rapid sample preparation. The 5NA had a detection limit of 1 pg of genomic DNA (<100 colony-forming units) and could be completed within several hours. The PCR-EIA could detect 1 pg of genomic DNA and 10 attograms (ag) (22 copies) of cloned insert, but takes longer to perform. Both assays were genus-specific, and successfully detected F. tularensis in mouse tissues (5NA) and in tick extracts (PCR-EIA). The FTA paper provided inexpensive, rapid, template preparation for the tick extracts, mouse tissues, and DNA obtained from clinical specimens. These probe-based assays have the potential to provide rapid, real-time/high-throughput molecular diagnostics in field situations. JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AU - Higgins, JA AU - Hubalek, Z AU - Halouzka, J AU - Elkins, K L AU - Sjostedt, A AU - Shipley, M AU - Ibrahim AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 310 EP - 318 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - mice KW - ticks KW - mammals KW - diagnostics KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - DNA probes KW - Outer membranes KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Vectors KW - Assays KW - Francisella tularensis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17615635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Francisella+tularensis+in+infected+mammals+and+vectors+using+a+probe-based+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Higgins%2C+JA%3BHubalek%2C+Z%3BHalouzka%2C+J%3BElkins%2C+K+L%3BSjostedt%2C+A%3BShipley%2C+M%3BIbrahim&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; DNA probes; Assays; Vectors; Outer membranes; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virus infections reduce in vitro multiplication of 'Malling Landmark' raspberry AN - 17599513; 4731591 AB - Virus-infected plants are often symptomless and may be inadvertently used as explant sources in tissue culture research. Our objective was to determine the effect of virus infection on micropropagation. We studied the effects of single and multiple infections of three common raspberry viruses on the in vitro culture of 'Mailing Landmark' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Virus-infected raspberry plants were produced by leaf-graft inoculation from known-infected plants onto virus-free 'Mailing Landmark'. Single-virus source plants were infected with either tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV), tomato ringspot nepovirus (TomRSV), or raspberry bushy dwarf idaeovirus (RBDV) and were free of other viruses as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bioassay. Virus-free, single, and multiple virus-infected 'Malling Landmark' explants were initiated into culture and multiplied on Anderson's medium with 8.9 mu M N super(6)-benzyladenine (BA). At the end of the multiplication tests, ELISA reconfirmed virus infections. In vitro multiplication of 'Malling Landmark' was significantly reduced by multiple infections, and multiplication of plants infected with all three viruses (RBDV + TomRSV + TSV) was less than half that of virus-free cultures. Shoot height and morphology of in vitro cultures were not influenced by virus infection. The greenhouse stock plant with the three-virus infection was stunted and yellow compared to the control and the other infected plants. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Tsao, Chih-Wei V AU - Postman, J D AU - Reed, B M AD - USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd., Corvallis, OR 97333-2521, USA, reedbm@bcc.orst.edu Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 65 EP - 68 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - micropropagation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Tomato ringspot virus KW - Tobacco streak virus KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Raspberry bushy dwarf virus KW - Idaeovirus KW - Nepovirus KW - Ilarvirus KW - Plant viruses KW - Explants KW - A 01028:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17599513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Virus+infections+reduce+in+vitro+multiplication+of+%27Malling+Landmark%27+raspberry&rft.au=Tsao%2C+Chih-Wei+V%3BPostman%2C+J+D%3BReed%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Tsao&rft.aufirst=Chih-Wei&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tobacco streak virus; Ilarvirus; Tomato ringspot virus; Nepovirus; Raspberry bushy dwarf virus; Idaeovirus; Plant viruses; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Explants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restriction enzyme analysis and ribotyping distinguish Bordetella avium and Bordetella hinzii isolates AN - 17598724; 4719471 AB - Fifty-seven bacterial isolates previously identified as Bordetella avium or B. hinzii were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis (REA) and/or ribotyping. Twenty restriction endonucleases were evaluated for REA. Digestion of chromosomal DNA from the 42 B. avium and 15 B. hinzii isolates with HinfI produced 8 and 7 distinct fingerprint profiles, respectively. Digestion with DdeI further discriminated these Bordetella species and produced 12 fingerprint profiles for B. avium and 4 profiles of B. hinzii. In addition, B. avium isolates were clearly distinguishable from B. hinzii isolates by ribotyping with the restriction endonuclease PvuII. The ribotype patterns of these two species of Bordetella were unique when compared to previously reported ribotype patterns for B. bronchiseptica isolates. Since it was possible to discern differences among isolates within each Bordetella species by REA analysis, we suggest that REA could be used in developing a typing system based on the fingerprint profiles generated. JF - Epidemiology and Infection AU - Sacco, R E AU - Register, K B AU - Nordholm, GE AD - Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 83 EP - 90 VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - ribotyping KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella avium KW - Bordetella hinzii KW - Restriction endonuclease mapping KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17598724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Restriction+enzyme+analysis+and+ribotyping+distinguish+Bordetella+avium+and+Bordetella+hinzii+isolates&rft.au=Sacco%2C+R+E%3BRegister%2C+K+B%3BNordholm%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Sacco&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0950268899003337 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella hinzii; Bordetella avium; Restriction endonuclease mapping DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268899003337 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Channel instability in the loess area of the midwestern United States AN - 17593795; 4704931 AB - The loess area of the midwestern United States contains thousands of miles of unstable stream channels that are undergoing system-wide channel-adjustment processes as a result of (1) modifications to drainage basins dating back to the turn of the 20th century, including land clearing and poor soil-conservation practices, which caused the filling of stream channels, and consequently (2) direct, human modifications to stream channels such as dredging and straightening to improve drainage conditions and reduce the frequency of out-of-bank flows. Today, many of these channels are still highly unstable and threaten bridges, other structures, and land adjacent to the channels. The most severe, widespread instabilities are in western Iowa where a thick cap of loess and the lack of sand- and gravel-sized bed sediments in many channels hinders downstream aggradation, bed-level recovery and the consequent reduction of bank heights, and renewed bank stability. In contrast, streams draining west-central Illinois, east-central Iowa, and other areas, where the loess cap is relatively thin and there are ample supplies of sand- and gravel-sized material, are closer to recovery. Throughout the region, however, channel widening by mass-wasting processes is the dominant adjustment process. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Simon, A AU - Rinaldi, M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, 598 McElroy Drive, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, simon@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 133 EP - 150 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Illinois KW - USA, Midwest KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Gravel KW - Loess KW - Mass Wasting KW - Channel Improvement KW - Catchment Areas KW - Streams (in natural channels) KW - Streams KW - Catchment areas KW - Sand KW - Dredging operations KW - Soil (types of) KW - Dredging KW - Stability Analysis KW - Channel Morphology KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17593795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Channel+instability+in+the+loess+area+of+the+midwestern+United+States&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BRinaldi%2C+M&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Loess; Channel Morphology; Mass Wasting; Streams; Stability Analysis; Catchment Areas; Gravel; Sand; Channel Improvement; Dredging; USA, Midwest; USA, Illinois; Soil (types of); Streams (in natural channels); Catchment areas; Dredging operations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landslide initiation, runout, and deposition within clearcuts and old-growth forests of Alaska AN - 17593337; 4704921 AB - More than 300 landslides and debris flows were triggered by an October 1993 storm on Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska. Initiation, runout, and deposition patterns of landslides that occurred within clearcuts, second-growth, and old-growth forests were examined. Blowdown and snags, associated with cedar decline and "normal" rates of mortality, were found adjacent to at least 75 percent of all failures regardless of land use. Nearly 50 percent of the landslides within clearcuts occurred within one year following timber harvest; more than 70 percent of these sites had hydrophytic vegetation directly above failures. In following the runout paths of failures, significantly more erosion per unit area occurred within clearcuts than in old-growth forests on slopes with gradients from 9 to 28 degree (16 to 54 percent). Runout length, controlled by hillslope position within deglaciated valleys, was typically longer in old-growth forests than in second growth and clearcuts (median values were 334, 201, and 153 m, respectively). Most landslides and debris flows deposited in first- and second-order channels before reaching the main stem channels used by anadromous fish. Slide deposits in old-growth forests were composed of a higher proportion of woody debris than deposits derived from slides in second growth or clearcuts. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Johnson, A C AU - Swanston, D N AU - McGee, KE AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2a, Juneau, AK 99801, USA, ajohnson/r10@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 17 EP - 30 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Alaska KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Clear-cutting KW - Land Use KW - Mortality KW - Death KW - Mass Wasting KW - Lumber KW - Wood KW - Forests KW - Land use KW - Landslides KW - Landslide KW - Deposition KW - Forest cutting KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17593337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Landslide+initiation%2C+runout%2C+and+deposition+within+clearcuts+and+old-growth+forests+of+Alaska&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A+C%3BSwanston%2C+D+N%3BMcGee%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landslides; Mass Wasting; Deposition; Forests; Land Use; Lumber; Clear-cutting; Mortality; USA, Alaska; Landslide; Land use; Wood; Forest cutting; Death ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Conceptual Approach for Integrating Phosphorus and Nitrogen Management at Watershed Scales AN - 17592034; 4691544 AB - Since the late 1960s, point-sources of water pollution have been reduced due to their ease of identification and treatment. As water quality problems remain and further point-source measures become less cost-effective, attention is directed toward reducing agricultural nonpoint-sources of P and N. In the past, separate strategies for P and N were developed and implemented at farm or watershed scales. Because of differing biology, chemistry, and flow pathways of P and N in soil, these narrowly targeted strategies may lead to mixed results. In some cases, N management of manures has increased soil P and subsequent P enrichment of surface runoff, while no-till has reduced P losses but increased nitrate leaching. Thus, an integrated approach to nutrient management is needed, with best management practices (BMPs) targeted to critical areas of a watershed that contribute most of the P and N exported. We have developed indices that identify critical sources and transport pathways controlling P and N export. These indices are applied to a mixed land use watershed in Pennsylvania. Areas most vulnerable to P loss are limited to small, well-defined areas of the watershed (<20% of area) near the stream channel. In contrast to P, larger areas contribute to nitrate leaching and generally occur on the upper boundaries of the watershed (60%), where freely draining soils and high manure and fertilizer N applications are made. Thus, differing levels of nutrient management may be appropriate for different areas of a watershed. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Heathwaite, L AU - Sharpley, A AU - Gburek, W AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Lab., Building 3702, Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, ans3@psu.edu Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 158 EP - 166 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Nitrate KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Indices KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Watersheds KW - Fertilizers KW - Catchment areas KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Enrichment KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Nitrates KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Water Quality KW - Best Management Practices KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Land use KW - Water pollution control KW - Indexing KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 0810:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17592034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=A+Conceptual+Approach+for+Integrating+Phosphorus+and+Nitrogen+Management+at+Watershed+Scales&rft.au=Heathwaite%2C+L%3BSharpley%2C+A%3BGburek%2C+W&rft.aulast=Heathwaite&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Fertilizers; Watersheds; Water Quality; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Enrichment; Best Management Practices; Indexing; Land Use; Nitrates; Spatial Distribution; USA, Pennsylvania; Catchment areas; Water quality (Natural waters); Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Indices; Land use; Nitrate; Distribution (Mathematical); Nutrients; Agricultural runoff; Nonpoint pollution; Water pollution control; Freshwater pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing Phosphorus Runoff and Inhibiting Ammonia Loss from Poultry Manure with Aluminum Sulfate AN - 17591218; 4691513 AB - Applications of aluminum sulfate (Al sub(2)(SO sub(4)) sub(3) times 14H sub(2)O), commonly referred to as alum, to poultry litter have been shown to decrease P runoff from lands fertilized with litter and to inhibit NH sub(3) volatilization. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of alum applications in commercial broiler houses on: (i) NH sub(3) volatilization (in-house), (ii) poultry production, (iii) litter chemistry, and (iv) P runoff following litter application. Two farms were used for this study: one had six poultry houses and the other had four. The litter in half of the houses at each farm was treated with alum; the other houses were controls. Alum was applied at a rate of 1816 kg/house, which corresponded to 0.091 kg/bird. Each year the houses were cleaned in the spring and the litter was broadcast onto paired watersheds in tall fescue at each farm. Results from this study showed that alum applications lowered the litter pH, particularly during the first 3 to 4 wk of each growout. Reductions in litter pH resulted in less NH sub(3) volatilization, which led to reductions in atmospheric NH sub(3) in the alum-treated houses. Broilers grown on alum-treated litter were significantly heavier than controls (1.73 kg vs. 1.66 kg). Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in runoff from pastures fertilized with alum-treated litter averaged 73% lower than that from normal litter throughout a 3-yr period. These results indicate that alum-treatment of poultry litter is a very effective best management practice that reduces nonpoint source pollution while it increases agricultural productivity. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Moore, PA Jr AU - Daniel, T C AU - Edwards AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences 115, Agronomy Dep., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA, philipm@comp.uark.edu Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 37 EP - 49 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - alum KW - aluminum sulfate KW - poultry litter KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Poultry KW - Manure KW - Aluminium compounds KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Phosphorus KW - Poultry farming KW - Waste management KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Fertilizers KW - Volatile compounds KW - Volatility KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Litter KW - Animal wastes KW - Waste utilization KW - Ammonia KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Best Management Practices KW - Inhibition KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Alum KW - Productivity KW - Runoff KW - Pollution control KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17591218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Reducing+Phosphorus+Runoff+and+Inhibiting+Ammonia+Loss+from+Poultry+Manure+with+Aluminum+Sulfate&rft.au=Moore%2C+PA+Jr%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BEdwards&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=PA&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Manure; Waste utilization; Aluminium compounds; Agricultural pollution; Ammonia; Phosphorus; Volatile compounds; Agricultural runoff; Pollution control; Litter; Animal wastes; Poultry farming; Nonpoint pollution; Waste management; Water Pollution Control; Poultry; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Best Management Practices; Inhibition; Productivity; Volatility; Runoff; Alum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frozen soil impact on ground water-surface water interaction AN - 17591000; 4704932 AB - Ground water and surface water interaction in the prairie pothole region of the United States and Canada is seasonally dominated by the presence of thick, frozen soil layers that affect infiltration. During a spring thaw, the subsoil may remain frozen, preventing infiltration. The impact of the frozen soil layer on the timing of infiltration of depressional-focused recharge to the ground water is not clearly understood. The objective of this paper is to relate changes in the water table during spring to changes in frost depth and soil water content. A depression and adjacent upland study site were instrumented with CRREL-type frost tubes, neutron probe access tubes, and ground water monitoring wells. Increases in water table levels in a depression occurred before the frost layer decomposed and infiltrating water quickly formed a recharge mound. Water table responses at the upland site took place as two events. The first event was a gradual rise, probably caused by the lateral dissemination of the recharge mound. The second rise was a rapid rise coinciding with the decomposition of the soil frost layer. Because of the accumulation of surface water in depressions, agricultural practices that remove water from a field can affect water resources management by limiting the addition of water recharge to unconfined ground water. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Daniel, JA AU - Staricka, JA AD - Grazinglands Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 7207 West Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036, USA, jdaniel@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 151 EP - 160 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Canada KW - USA KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Probes KW - Water table KW - Soil Water KW - Water Resources Management KW - Soil Horizons KW - Agricultural practices KW - Frozen Ground KW - Soil/water systems KW - Frost KW - Water Table KW - Surface-groundwater Relations KW - Water management KW - Seasons KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Infiltration KW - Ground water recharge KW - Groundwater Recharge KW - Soil horizons KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17591000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Frozen+soil+impact+on+ground+water-surface+water+interaction&rft.au=Daniel%2C+JA%3BStaricka%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Table; Surface-groundwater Relations; Seasonal Variations; Soil Water; Infiltration; Frost; Agricultural Practices; Water Resources Management; Groundwater Recharge; Probes; Frozen Ground; Soil Horizons; USA; Canada; Water table; Seasons; Soil/water systems; Agricultural practices; Water management; Ground water recharge; Soil horizons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of Female Oriental Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Protein and Host Fruit Odors in Field Cage and Open Field Tests AN - 17551321; 4732875 AB - The attraction of female oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), to protein and host fruit odors was examined in field-cage and field experiments. In field-cage experiments, we examined how the physiological state of laboratory-cultured female oriental fruit flies affected their responses to protein (Nu-Lure) and fruit (orange) odors. Both mated and unmated, protein-fed females (10-12 d old) were more attracted to fruit odors than to protein odors, whereas mated, protein-deprived females (10-12 d old) and unmated, protein-fed females (2-3 d old) were equally attracted to fruit and protein odors. The combination of fruit and protein odors was less attractive to protein-fed females than fruit odors alone. Field tests were conducted to compare capture rates of wild oriental fruit flies in traps baited with commercially available protein baits, Nu-Lure, Trece A.M. Supercharger, and BioLure, and in traps baited with either fruit (orange) or Nu-Lure in a commercial guava orchard. Spheres baited with either Supercharger or BioLure captured more female oriental fruit flies than unbaited spheres when the lures were hung above spheres. Traps baited with Nu-Lure were more effective for capturing females than traps baited with orange puree in field tests. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Cornelius, M L AU - Nergel, L AU - Duan, J J AU - Messing, R H AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 14 EP - 19 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - females KW - Fruit flies KW - Oriental fruit flies KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Fruits KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - Attraction KW - Pest control KW - Orchards KW - Tephritidae KW - Volatiles KW - Olfaction KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17551321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Responses+of+Female+Oriental+Fruit+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+to+Protein+and+Host+Fruit+Odors+in+Field+Cage+and+Open+Field+Tests&rft.au=Cornelius%2C+M+L%3BNergel%2C+L%3BDuan%2C+J+J%3BMessing%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Cornelius&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bactrocera dorsalis; Tephritidae; Attraction; Olfaction; Volatiles; Fruits; Pest control; Orchards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and Emergence of the Orchard Pollinator Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) AN - 17549441; 4732874 AB - The solitary bee Osmia lignaria Say has been developed as an orchard pollinator in the western United States. Immatures develop through the spring and summer. By late summer, bees become adults and remain in this stage inside their cocoons throughout the winter. In this study, we reared O. lignaria at various temperature regimes in the laboratory and outdoors. Developmental rates increased with temperature: bees reared at 18 degree C took >120 d to complete development, whereas bees reared at 29 degree C took half that long. Bees reared outdoors under fluctuating ambient conditions took approximately 95 d. At 18 degree C, some bees were unable to complete prepupal dormancy. Different developmental stages responded differently to the various temperature regimes. Fluctuating temperatures averaging 22 degree C significantly shortened the dormant prepupal stage, and, as a result, bees developed faster than at the equivalent constant temperatures. Bees that developed faster (29 degree C and fluctuating temperatures) could be wintered as early as August and incubated for emergence in March, 1 mo ahead of bees exposed to natural conditions. These results can be applied to field populations for pollination of early-blooming crops such as almonds, Prunus amygdalus Batsch. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Bosch, J AU - Kemp, W P AD - Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5310, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 8 EP - 13 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - larvae KW - Leafcutting bees KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Life history KW - Pollinators KW - Megachilidae KW - Osmia lignaria KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17549441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Development+and+Emergence+of+the+Orchard+Pollinator+Osmia+lignaria+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Megachilidae%29&rft.au=Bosch%2C+J%3BKemp%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Megachilidae; Osmia lignaria; Pollinators; Life history ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host Plant Effects on the Activity of Selected Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses Against the Corn Earworm and Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 17549406; 4732888 AB - The activity of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV), against the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner), was greatest when the virus was fed to larvae on foliage of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., least on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), and intermediate on collard, Brassica oleracea L. Activity of AfMNPV against the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), was greatest on corn, Zea mays L., least on cotton, and intermediate on bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Survival time (days between the start of the test and death) of larvae that were killed by virus was usually lower on treatments on which rates of mortality were higher, but these differences were usually small ( less than or equal to 1 d). Effects of host plants on viral activity were not related closely to their effects on larval feeding rates. Effects of host plants on viral activity were also not specific to AfMNPV; cotton and collard affected AfMNPV and the homologous NPV of the beet armyworm to similar degrees. Similar results were found for AfMNPV and the homologous NPV of the corn earworm on cotton and bean. Levels of control provided by these viruses may thus be higher on tomato or corn than on cotton, and intermediate on collard or bean. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Farrar, RR Jr AU - Ridgway, R L AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 011A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 108 EP - 115 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - Cutworms KW - Celery looper KW - Beet armyworm KW - Bollworm KW - Corn earworm KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - tomato KW - maize KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Zea mays KW - Noctuidae KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Anagrapha falcifera KW - Larvae KW - Pest control KW - Pathogens KW - Host plants KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17549406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+Plant+Effects+on+the+Activity+of+Selected+Nuclear+Polyhedrosis+Viruses+Against+the+Corn+Earworm+and+Beet+Armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Farrar%2C+RR+Jr%3BRidgway%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=RR&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Anagrapha falcifera; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Spodoptera exigua; Lycopersicon esculentum; Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Larvae; Pest control; Biological control; Host plants; Pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stand Conditions Associated with Roundheaded Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Infestations in Arizona and Utah AN - 17547640; 4732876 AB - Stand conditions associated with outbreak populations of the roundheaded pine beetle, Dendroctonus adjunctus Blandford, in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., forests were studied in the Pinaleno Mountains, AZ, and the Pine Valley Mountains, UT. Classification tree models to estimate the probability of infestation based on stand attributes were built for both study areas using growth rate and ponderosa pine basal area information. Cross-validation estimates of correct classification were 0.60 for the Pinaleno Mountains and 0.58 and 0.78 for the Pine Valley Mountains. Regression tree and linear regression models to estimate amount of mortality caused by the beetles were also built for both sites using growth rate, ponderosa pine basal area, and trees per hectare information. The occurrence and mortality levels caused by the roundheaded pine beetle are positively related at both the stand and tree scale with reduced growth rates caused by high stocking densities. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Negron, J F AU - Wilson, J L AU - Anhold, JA AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 240 W. Prospect, Ft. Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 20 EP - 27 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Bark beetles KW - Roundheaded pine beetle KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - USA, Arizona KW - USA, Utah KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Dendroctonus adjunctus KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Forests KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17547640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Stand+Conditions+Associated+with+Roundheaded+Pine+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+Infestations+in+Arizona+and+Utah&rft.au=Negron%2C+J+F%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BAnhold%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Negron&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scolytidae; Dendroctonus adjunctus; Pinus ponderosa; Pest outbreaks; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Helicoverpa armigera Granulovirus Interference with Progression of H. zea Nucleopolyhedrovirus Disease in H. zea Larvae AN - 17525594; 4709397 AB - Capsular proteins from Helicoverpa armigera granulovirus (HaGV) have previously been shown to enhance H. armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) infection in H. armigera larvae. Yet, HaGV and HaSNPV, as viable viruses, interfered with one another. In our study, we have examined the effects of co-infection of the slow-killing virus HaGV with the fast-killing virus Helicoverpa zea NPV (HzSNPV) on H. zea larvae. The mortality parameter measured was survival time. Virus stocks had 50% lethal concentrations of 3.2 x 10 super(-9) g HaGV-infected cadavers (GVC) (HaGV) and 32 occlusion bodies (HzSNPV) per cup. Average survival times were 16.8 and 5.5 days for larvae treated with HaGV and HzSNPV, respectively; death of HzSNPV-treated larvae was as early as 72 h posttreatment. In co-infection experiments in which larvae were treated concurrently with both viruses, the viruses competed in typical fashion for host resources. However, interference with disease progression in HzSNPV-fed larvae occurred even when HaGV was fed to larvae up to 36 h after the NPV, a time at which NPV infection should have been well established in host larvae. At death, co-infected larvae were observed microscopically to be filled with HaGV granules rather than HzSNPV polyhedra. The time study results imply that HaGV might be outcompeting HzSNPV by inhibiting its replication. We also observed that H. zea larvae treated with high dosages of HaGV ( greater than or equal to 3 x 10 super(-5) g GVC) were initially stunted but had survival times similar to those of larvae treated with lower dosages. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Hackett, K J AU - Boore, A AU - Deming, C AU - Buckley, E AU - Camp, M AU - Shapiro, M AD - National Program Leader-Biocontrol, ARS, USDA, 5601 Sunnyside Avenue, Building 4, Room 2228, Beltsville, MD 20705-5139., kjh@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 99 EP - 106 PB - Academic Press VL - 75 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Bollworm KW - inhibition KW - co-infection KW - Corn earworm KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus KW - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Helicoverpa armigera KW - Granulosis virus KW - Replication KW - Larvae KW - Granulovirus KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17525594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Helicoverpa+armigera+Granulovirus+Interference+with+Progression+of+H.+zea+Nucleopolyhedrovirus+Disease+in+H.+zea+Larvae&rft.au=Hackett%2C+K+J%3BBoore%2C+A%3BDeming%2C+C%3BBuckley%2C+E%3BCamp%2C+M%3BShapiro%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjipa.1999.4914 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa armigera; Helicoverpa zea; Nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Granulosis virus; Granulovirus; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Replication; Larvae; Biological control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jipa.1999.4914 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and Transovum Transmission of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in a Navel Orangeworm Colony AN - 17522797; 4709393 JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Siegel, J P AU - Tebbets, J S AU - Vail, P V AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 2021 South Peach Avenue, Fresno, 93727, California Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 171 EP - 173 PB - Academic Press VL - 75 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Grass moths KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Plant protection KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Transmission (transovarial) KW - Amyelois transitella KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17522797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+Transovum+Transmission+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+Berliner+in+a+Navel+Orangeworm+Colony&rft.au=Siegel%2C+J+P%3BTebbets%2C+J+S%3BVail%2C+P+V&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjipa.1999.4916 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amyelois transitella; Pyralidae; Bacillus thuringiensis; Transmission (transovarial); Plant protection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jipa.1999.4916 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of a novel extracellular protease from Beauveria bassiana AN - 17520421; 4703575 AB - An extracellular protease designated BBP (Beauveria bassiana protease) was purified from a B. bassiana isolate and subsequently characterized. It was produced in the late stages of growth in a gelatin medium, and was purified using a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis. Inhibition by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride and chymostatin indicates that BBP is a serine type with chymotrypsin activity. Substrate specificity indicates that the protease has elastase activity as well. The protease was stable at 25 degree C and had an alkaline pH optimum (7.5-9.5). Another protease was purified from the same isolate that produced BBP, and was identified as Pr1 based on its isoelectric point, amino terminal sequence, substrate specificity and cuticle degrading ability. A comparison between the two showed that BBP had a lower isoelectric point (pI 7.5) than Pr1 (pI greater than or equal to 10) and was 0.5 kDa smaller. The proteases also exhibited differences in substrate specificity with Pr1 being most active against Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, and BBP being most active against MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Met-pNA. The two proteases had equal cuticle-degrading activity and both were expressed in cuticle media, although the timing of their expression differed. JF - Mycological Research AU - Urtz, B E AU - Rice, W C AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Louisiana State University Rice Research Station, P.O. Box 1429, Crowley, LA 70527-1429, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 180 EP - 186 VL - 104 IS - 2 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - BBP protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Substrate specificity KW - Characterization KW - Proteinase KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17520421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+a+novel+extracellular+protease+from+Beauveria+bassiana&rft.au=Urtz%2C+B+E%3BRice%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Urtz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0953756299001215 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beauveria bassiana; Proteinase; Characterization; Substrate specificity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953756299001215 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secretory avocado idioblast oil cells: evidence of their defensive role against a non-adapted insect herbivore AN - 17517336; 4700751 AB - We tested the hypothesis that avocado idioblast oil cells play a defensive role against herbivorous insects. Toxicities of the intact avocado idioblast oil cells and the extracted idioblast oil were compared for three insect herbivores. Spodoptera exigua (Huebner) larvae are generalists that do not feed on avocados. By contrast, Sabulodes aegrotata (Guenee) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) larvae are generalist herbivores that readily feed on avocados. All bioassays were performed at a naturally occurring concentration of idioblast oil cells (2% w/w). Choice experiments showed that S. exigua larvae avoided diet treated with avocado idioblast oil cells and consume more control than treated diet. In contrast, idioblast oil cells had no significant antifeedant effects on the adapted S. aegrotata and P. includens larvae. Subsequent experiments designed to assess resistance mechanisms separated pre-ingestive (behavioral) and post-ingestive (physiological) effects of the avocado idioblast oil cells, and the extracted idioblast oil, on the two adapted herbivores. Post-ingestive adaptation was the mechanism that allows feeding. Because the impact of the avocado idioblast oil cells was greatest on the performance of non-adapted S. exigua, additional experiments determined that larvae fed diet containing the oil cells had higher mortality and reduced larval growth compared to controls. Developmental times were significantly prolonged for the survivors. Thus, increased mortality, reduced developmental rates, and antifeedant activity in the non-adapted insect indicate that defense against non-adapted herbivores may be an important function of idioblast cells in avocados. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Rodriguez-Saona, C AU - Trumble, J T AD - USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Lab., 4135 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 183 EP - 194 VL - 94 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Cutworms KW - Cankerworms KW - Larvae KW - Beet armyworm KW - Omnivorous looper KW - Soybean looper KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Oils KW - Pseudoplusia includens KW - Growth KW - Herbivores KW - Sabulodes aegrotata KW - Persea americana KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Noctuidae KW - Geometridae KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17517336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Secretory+avocado+idioblast+oil+cells%3A+evidence+of+their+defensive+role+against+a+non-adapted+insect+herbivore&rft.au=Rodriguez-Saona%2C+C%3BTrumble%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Rodriguez-Saona&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1003923216180 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Geometridae; Persea americana; Spodoptera exigua; Sabulodes aegrotata; Pseudoplusia includens; Oils; Defense mechanisms; Herbivores; Mortality; Growth DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003923216180 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Connectivity of forest fuels and surface fire regimes AN - 17509057; 4695311 AB - The connectivity of a landscape can influence the dynamics of disturbances such as fire. In fire-adapted ecosystems, fire suppression may increase the connectivity of fuels and could result in qualitatively different fire patterns and behavior. We used a spatially explicit forest simulation model developed for the Sierra Nevada to investigate how the frequency of surface fires influences the connectivity of burnable area within a forest stand, and how this connectivity varies along an elevation gradient. Connectivity of burnable area was a function of fuel loads, fuel moisture, and fuel bed bulk density. Our analysis isolated the effects of fuel moisture and fuel bed bulk density to emphasize the influence of fuel loads on connectivity. Connectivity was inversely related to fire frequency and generally increased with elevation. However, certain conditions of fuel moisture and fuel bed bulk density obscured these relationships. Nonlinear patterns in connectivity across the elevation gradient occurred as a result of gradients in fuel loads and fuel bed bulk density that are simulated by the model. Changes in connectivity with elevation could affect how readily fires can spread from low elevation sites to higher elevations. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Miller, C AU - Urban, D L AD - USDA Forest Service Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA, cmiller/rmrs_missoula@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 145 EP - 154 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - USA, California KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Forests KW - Models KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17509057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Connectivity+of+forest+fuels+and+surface+fire+regimes&rft.au=Miller%2C+C%3BUrban%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008181313360 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forests; Fires; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008181313360 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and validation of a fixed-precision sequential sampling plan for estimating brood adult density of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) AN - 17506124; 4696687 AB - The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, attacks Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Pinaceae), throughout western North America. Periodic outbreaks cause increased mortality of its host. Land managers and forest health specialists often need to determine population trends of this insect. Bark samples were obtained from 326 trees distributed over 21 stands during a 2-year period in late winter to early spring of 1997 and 1998 in the Colorado Front Range. The variance to mean relationship of brood adults was examined using the Taylor power law, and a fixed-precision sampling plan was developed using Green's method. Stop lines and minimum number of samples required to estimate brood adult density per 0.046 m super(2) with precision levels of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 were calculated. A resampling simulation conducted with an independent data set indicated that desired precision levels were not met. Theoretical precision levels were adjusted until desired precision levels were achieved. Average number of samples needed to estimate brood adult densities up to 25.1 adults per 0.046 m super(2) with precision levels of 0.09, 0.2, and 0.3 were 91, 20, and 8, respectively. For densities greater than 25.1 brood adults per 0.046 m super(2), conservative estimates are obtained with 72, 15, and 6 samples for precision levels of 0.09, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively. An emergence ratio can be obtained by dividing the estimated density of brood adults by twice the number of gallery starts. This system provides the user with an immediate assessment of the population trend of Douglas-fir beetle. The data collected compare favorably with data from other Douglas-fir beetle outbreaks reported in the literature. The use of this plan outside the Colorado Front Range, or by sampling at a different height, should be cautioned until additional data from other locations and sampling heights are examined. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Negron, J F AU - Schaupp, W C AU - Johnson, E AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 240 W. Prospect, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 80526, jnegron@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 119 EP - 133 VL - 132 IS - 1 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Douglas-fir beetle KW - Douglas fir KW - USA, Colorado KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Management KW - Scolytidae KW - Population density KW - Population dynamics KW - Dendroctonus pseudotsugae KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Sampling KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17506124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Development+and+validation+of+a+fixed-precision+sequential+sampling+plan+for+estimating+brood+adult+density+of+Dendroctonus+pseudotsugae+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29&rft.au=Negron%2C+J+F%3BSchaupp%2C+W+C%3BJohnson%2C+E&rft.aulast=Negron&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scolytidae; Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Sampling; Population density; Population dynamics; Management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using landscape hierarchies to guide restoration of disturbed ecosystems AN - 17488063; 4683276 AB - Reestablishing native plant communities is an important focus of ecosystem restoration. In complex landscapes containing a diversity of ecosystem types, restoration requires a set of reference vegetation conditions for the ecosystems of concern, and a predictive model to relate plant community composition to physical variables. Restoration also requires an approach for prioritizing efforts, to facilitate allocation of limited institutional resources. Hierarchy theory provides a conceptual approach for predicting plant communities of disturbed ecosystems and, ultimately, for prioritizing restoration efforts. We demonstrate this approach using a landscape in southwestern Georgia, USA. Specifically, we used an existing hierarchical ecosystem classification, based on geomorphology, soil, and vegetation, to identify reference plant communities for each type of ecosystem in the landscape. We demonstrate that ecosystem identity is highly predictable using only geomorphic and soil variables, because these upper hierarchical levels control the development of vegetation, a lower hierarchical level. We mapped the potential distribution of reference ecosystems in the landscape and used GIS (geographic information systems) to determine relative abundance of each ecosystem, as a measure of its historical rarity. We joined the reference ecosystem map with a current cover map to determine current abundance of each reference ecosystem, and percentage conversion to different disturbance classes. We show that over half of the landscape supports something other than reference plant communities, but degree of rarity varies widely among ecosystems. Finally, we present an index that integrates information on historical and current rarity of ecosystems, and disturbance levels of individual polygons, to prioritize restoration efforts. The premise of the index is that highest priority be given to restoring (1) currently rare ecosystems that were also historically rare and (2) the least disturbed examples of these ecosystems, as these will require the least effort to restore. We found that 80% of high-priority sites occur within just three (of 21) ecosystems. Moreover, the high-priority ecosystems all occur within stream valleys. Our approach provides managers with a straightforward methodology for determining potential distribution of reference ecosystems and for allocating efforts and resources for restoration in complex landscapes. Development of a priority index for a specific landscape requires an understanding of the hierarchical relationships among geomorphology, soil characteristics, and plant communities, in addition to well-defined restoration objectives. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Palik, B J AU - Goebel, P C AU - Kirkman, L K AU - West, L AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, 1831 Highway 169E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 189 EP - 202 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - USA, Georgia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Community composition KW - Management KW - Geomorphology KW - Soil properties KW - Plants KW - Environmental restoration KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17488063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Using+landscape+hierarchies+to+guide+restoration+of+disturbed+ecosystems&rft.au=Palik%2C+B+J%3BGoebel%2C+P+C%3BKirkman%2C+L+K%3BWest%2C+L&rft.aulast=Palik&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental restoration; Community composition; Plants; Soil properties; Geomorphology; Management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epoxidation of fatty acids with membrane-supported peroxygenase AN - 17486014; 4683741 AB - Peroxygenase is an enzyme that can convert a double bond to an epoxide. Peroxygenase activity from oat (Avena sativa) seeds was immobilized on synthetic membranes. The immobilized preparation was tested on oleic acid in aqueous and heptane media. The order of oxidant activity was tert-butyl hydroperoxide>cumene hydroperoxide>H sub(2)O sub(2)-Urea-H sub(2)O sub(2). The immobilized preparation could be reused. Oleic acid was a preferred substrate compared to its trans analogue, elaidic acid. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Piazza, G J AU - Foglia, T A AU - Nunez, A AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, gpiazza@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/02/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 01 SP - 217 EP - 221 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - elaidic acid KW - peroxygenase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Membranes KW - Epoxidation KW - Avena sativa KW - Immobilized enzymes KW - Fatty acids KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17486014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Epoxidation+of+fatty+acids+with+membrane-supported+peroxygenase&rft.au=Piazza%2C+G+J%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BNunez%2C+A&rft.aulast=Piazza&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005614427586 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Avena sativa; Membranes; Fatty acids; Epoxidation; Immobilized enzymes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005614427586 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and Growth of Listeria monocytogenes on Fresh-Cut Apple Slices and Its Interaction with Glomerella cingulata and Penicillium expansum AN - 17480907; 4675205 AB - The food-borne human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes survived and its populations increased on cv. Delicious apple slices at 10 or 20 degree C in air or controlled atmosphere of 0.5% O sub(2) and 15% CO sub(2), but did not grow at 5 degree C. Controlled atmosphere had no significant effect on the survival or growth of L. monocytogenes. The pathogen populations declined over time when grown in various concentrations of apple juice and the decline was greater as the concentration of the juice decreased. Populations of L. monocytogenes inoculated into decayed apple tissue continually increased on fruit decayed by Glomerella cingulata but did not survive after 5 days on fruit decayed by Penicillium expansum. The pH of the decayed area declined from pH 4.7 to 3.7 in the case of P. expansum, but in the case of G. cingulata the pH increased from pH 4.7 to 7.0. This pH modification may be responsible for affecting the growth of the food-borne pathogen. Storage temperature, as well as the absence of postharvest pathogens such as G. cingulata, is important for maintaining the safety of fresh-cut apples. JF - Plant Disease AU - Conway, W S AU - Leverentz, B AU - Saftner, R A AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Sams, CE AU - Leblanc, E AD - Horticultural Crops Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, wconway@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 177 EP - 181 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - apples KW - survival KW - growth KW - fruits KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Glomerella cingulata KW - Malus KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Penicillium expansum KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17480907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Survival+and+Growth+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+on+Fresh-Cut+Apple+Slices+and+Its+Interaction+with+Glomerella+cingulata+and+Penicillium+expansum&rft.au=Conway%2C+W+S%3BLeverentz%2C+B%3BSaftner%2C+R+A%3BJanisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BSams%2C+CE%3BLeblanc%2C+E&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Glomerella cingulata; Malus; Penicillium expansum; Food-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Wheat Cultivation on Microbial Communities from Replant Soils and Apple Growth in Greenhouse Trials AN - 17479363; 4675216 AB - Studies were conducted to assess the impact of short-term rotations of wheat on microbial community composition and growth of apple in soils from replant orchard sites. Soils from two orchards were cultivated with three successive 28-day growth cycles of `Eltan', `Penewawa', or `Rely' wheat in the greenhouse and subsequently planted to `Gala' apple seedlings. Cultivation of orchard replant soils with any of the three wheat cultivars enhanced growth of apple relative to that achieved in untreated soils. Improved growth was associated with a marked reduction in apple root infection by species of Rhizoctonia and Pythium. Populations of plant-parasitic nematodes were below damage threshold levels in these orchard soils; however, apple seedlings grown in wheat-cultivated soils had significantly lower root populations of Pratylenchus spp. than did seedlings grown in untreated soils. Growth of apple in `Penewawa'-cultivated soils often was superior to that observed in soils planted with `Eltan' or `Rely'. In untreated orchard soils, fluorescent pseudomonad populations isolated from soil and the apple rhizosphere were dominated by Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype C and Pseudomonas syringae. Cultivation of replant soils with wheat induced a characteristic transformation of the fluorescent pseudomonad population, and Pseudomonas putida dominated the population of this bacterial group recovered from wheat-cultivated replant orchard soils. Results from this study suggest that use of short-term wheat cropping sequences during orchard renovation could be useful in management of replant disease and that this disease-control option may operate, in part, through modification of the fluorescent pseudomonad community. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AU - Gu, Y-H AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 114 EP - 119 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - wheat KW - apple KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Crop rotation KW - Soil KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Malus domestica KW - Greenhouses KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17479363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Wheat+Cultivation+on+Microbial+Communities+from+Replant+Soils+and+Apple+Growth+in+Greenhouse+Trials&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BGu%2C+Y-H&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Malus domestica; Soil microorganisms; Soil; Greenhouses; Crop rotation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspergillus Colonization and Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut Genotypes with Reduced Linoleic Acid Composition AN - 17479275; 4675200 AB - Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus can contaminate several agricultural crops with the toxic fungal metabolite aflatoxin. Previous research has indicated that resistance may be conferred by altering the fatty acid composition of these crops. Recently, peanut breeding lines with reduced linoleic acid content have been developed. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of reduced linoleic acid composition on preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanut. Seven breeding lines with relatively low linoleic acid and two check genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with 10 replicates for 4 years in Georgia and for 3 years in Arizona. The plots were inoculated with a mixture of A. flavus and A. parasiticus about 60 days after planting and subjected to drought and heat stress for the 40 days immediately preceding harvest. Differences were observed in only one environment. Low linoleic acid composition had no measurable effect on preharvest aflatoxin contamination in peanut when data were combined across years and locations. Products of the lipoxygenase pathway that have been shown to affect aflatoxin biosynthesis in vitro may not be present in sufficient quantities in peanut. JF - Plant Disease AU - Holbrook, C C AU - Wilson, D M AU - Matheron, ME AU - Hunter, JE AU - Knauft, DA AU - Gorbet, D W AD - USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, holbrook@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 148 EP - 150 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - linoleic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Colonization KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Mycotoxins KW - Contamination KW - Aspergillus KW - Toxins KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17479275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Aspergillus+Colonization+and+Aflatoxin+Contamination+in+Peanut+Genotypes+with+Reduced+Linoleic+Acid+Composition&rft.au=Holbrook%2C+C+C%3BWilson%2C+D+M%3BMatheron%2C+ME%3BHunter%2C+JE%3BKnauft%2C+DA%3BGorbet%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Holbrook&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus; Arachis hypogaea; Mycotoxins; Toxins; Contamination; Colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First Report of Plum pox virus (Sharka Disease) in Prunus persica in the United States AN - 17478688; 4675207 AB - Plum pox (Sharka) is the most important virus disease of Prunus in Europe and the Mediterranean region and is caused by Plum pox potyvirus (PPV). In September 1999, PPV-like symptoms were observed in peach fruit culls in a packinghouse in Pennsylvania. All symptomatic fruit originated from a single block of peach (P. persica cv. Encore) in Adams County. Trees in the block exhibited ring pattern symptoms on their leaves. A potyvirus was detected in symptomatic fruit using the Poty-Group enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test from Agdia (Elkhart, IN). Reactions for symptomatic peach fruit and leaves also were positive using triple-antibody sandwich ELISA with the PPV polyclonal antibody from Bioreba (Carrboro, NC) for coating, the Poty-Group monoclonal antibody (MAb; Agdia) as the intermediate antibody, and double-antibody sandwich ELISA with PPV detection kits from Sanofi (Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur, Marnes-La-Coquette, France) and Agdia and the REAL PPV kit (Durviz, Valencia, Spain) containing universal (5B) and strain typing (4DG5 and AL) PPV MAbs. PPV also was identified by immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) amplification and subsequent sequencing of the 220-bp 3' noncoding region (>99% sequence homology to PPV) and by IC-RT-PCR amplification. JF - Plant Disease AU - Levy, L AU - Damsteegt, V AU - Welliver, R AD - USDA-APHIS-PPQ, National Plant Germplasm Quarantine Center, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 202 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Peach KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Plant diseases KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Leaves KW - Plum pox virus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Prunus persica KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17478688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+Report+of+Plum+pox+virus+%28Sharka+Disease%29+in+Prunus+persica+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Levy%2C+L%3BDamsteegt%2C+V%3BWelliver%2C+R&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plum pox virus; Prunus persica; Plant diseases; Leaves; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Monoclonal antibodies; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water quality implications of nitrate leaching from intensively grazed pasture swards in the northeast US AN - 17462910; 4670032 AB - High density animal production systems, such as management intensive grazing (MIG), can have a negative effect on water quality. Learning to manage such systems to minimize water quality impacts is essential for the environmental and economic sustainability of these types of animal production systems. Management intensive grazing is a grazing system in which animals at a high stocking density are rotated through several paddocks at short time intervals (12-24 h) so that animal performance is maximized. Although MIG has the potential to increase dairy farm profitability in the northeast US, recent work in this region has shown that a substantial amount of N applied as fertilizer is leached below the root zone of orchardgrass (Dactyls glomerata L., (cv.) 'Pennlate') managed as an intensive pasture. How much N is leached from other forage species managed as intensive pasture under the climatic conditions of the northeast US is not known. A field study was conducted using large drainage lysimeters to measure NO sub(3)-N leaching loss from six pasture swards: orchardgrass + N, orchardgrass + alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., (cv.) Alfagraze), orchardgrass + Ladino type white clover (Trifolium repens L.), Ryegrass (Lolium perrene L, (cv.) Citadel) + N, ryegrass + alfalfa, and ryegrass + white clover. The study site was located in central Pennsylvania on a Hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf). Nitrate-N leaching losses were most consistent under N fertilized swards where the amount of N could be adjusted for yearly weather conditions. In a drought year, NO sub(3)-N leaching increased dramatically in swards containing alfalfa or white clover. Sward type and stocking density need to be taken into consideration when developing an animal production system that will be both environmentally and economically sustainable. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Stout, W L AU - Fales, S L AU - Muller, L D AU - Schnabel, R R AU - Weaver AD - Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, wsl@psu.edu Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 203 EP - 210 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - USA, Northeast KW - pasture KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Sustainable development KW - Water quality KW - Dairies KW - Economics KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17462910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Water+quality+implications+of+nitrate+leaching+from+intensively+grazed+pasture+swards+in+the+northeast+US&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BFales%2C+S+L%3BMuller%2C+L+D%3BSchnabel%2C+R+R%3BWeaver&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-8809%2899%2900084-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Nitrates; Dairies; Leaching; Water quality; Economics; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00084-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and development of loblolly pine in a spacing trial planted in Hawaii AN - 17421702; 4640004 AB - Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) was planted at four square spacings (1.8, 2.4, 3.0, and 3.7 m) on the Island of Maui in 1961, and measured periodically for 34 years. Patterns of stand growth and development were examined and compared with yield model estimates of stand characteristics of plantations of the same initial spacings, ages, and site index in the southeastern United States. The Hawaiian plantings had much higher survival at all spacings and sustained high diameter growth in the face of intense competition. At Age 34, the 1.8 m spacing had 1585 stems/ha averaging 24.1 m tall and 28.8 cm DBH; the widest spacing (3.7 m) had 725 stems/ha, 26.1 m tall and 38.2 cm DBH. The highest basal areas ( similar to 100 m super(2) /ha) were double maxima attained in the southeastern United States and were reflected in similar differences in volume yields. The Hawaiian plantings demonstrate that growth potential of loblolly pine is far greater than is apparent from observations on plantations in its native habitat. To capture this potential in other situations, research must identify the tree, stand, and environmental characteristics associated with low mortality rates and high diameter growth in Hawaii, and, conversely, the factors that limit loblolly's potential in the southeastern United States. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Harms, W R AU - Whitesell, C D AU - DeBell, D S AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Forested Wetlands Research, 2730 Savannah Highway Charleston USA Y1 - 2000/02/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 01 SP - 13 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 126 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Growth+and+development+of+loblolly+pine+in+a+spacing+trial+planted+in+Hawaii&rft.au=Harms%2C+W+R%3BWhitesell%2C+C+D%3BDeBell%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Harms&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900079-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00079-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil water and temperature regimes in drip and sprinkler irrigation, and implications to soybean emergence AN - 17420440; 4639969 AB - Irrigation has long been used in agriculture as a primary means of water management. It is well known that water distributions in the soil differ depending on the methods of irrigation. However, it is less clear how soil thermal regimes would change over time and space when irrigation methods are different. A field study was conducted to investigate the interactive effect of soil water and temperature regimes in drip and sprinkler irrigation. The effect of different methods of irrigation on soil water and thermal environment was then used to interpret differences in soybean emergence and seedling growth under the two irrigation treatments. Time domain reflectometry wave-guides and thermocouples were installed in field plots to provide soil water content and temperature measurements. Soybean seeds were planted to assess the emergence and seedling development. Consistent with infiltration theory, soil water contents were higher directly under the drip tapes in drip irrigation, but were relatively more uniform across the whole soil surface in sprinkler irrigation. Although five times more water was used in the sprinkler than in the drip plot, the soil water content at the seed zone was similar. Soil temperature was significantly higher in the drip than in the sprinkler plot, which led to a higher emergence rate and enhanced seedling growth. Drip irrigation not only conserved water but also maintained the soil profile at a higher temperature more favorable for plant emergence and seedling development. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Wang, D AU - Shannon, M C AU - Grieve, C M AU - Yates AD - USDA-ARS, US Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road Riverside, CA USA Y1 - 2000/02/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 01 SP - 15 EP - 28 PB - Elsevier VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Management KW - Water conservation KW - Soil/water systems KW - Soil Temperature KW - Irrigation KW - Sprinkler Irrigation KW - Water Conservation KW - Soil Water KW - Drip Irrigation KW - Soybeans KW - Plants (see also Aquatic macrophytes) KW - Soil (Characteristics of) KW - Water management KW - Infiltration KW - Irrigation (see also Land treatment) KW - Seedlings KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17420440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Soil+water+and+temperature+regimes+in+drip+and+sprinkler+irrigation%2C+and+implications+to+soybean+emergence&rft.au=Wang%2C+D%3BShannon%2C+M+C%3BGrieve%2C+C+M%3BYates&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-3774%2899%2900057-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irrigation; Water Management; Soil Water; Soil Temperature; Drip Irrigation; Sprinkler Irrigation; Seedlings; Soybeans; Infiltration; Water Conservation; Irrigation (see also Land treatment); Water management; Soil/water systems; Soil (Characteristics of); Plants (see also Aquatic macrophytes); Water conservation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(99)00057-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catastrophic windthrow in the southern Appalachians: characteristics of pits and mounds and initial vegetation responses AN - 17419965; 4640007 AB - We characterized pit and mound (PM) topography resulting from catastrophic wind in the Coweeta Basin, and located 48 PMs across a variety of forest types. Our measurements included pit length, width, and depth; and mound height, thickness, and width. Species of fallen trees were identified, and DBH (diameter at breast height, 1.37 m) was measured for biomass determination. We identified five distinct microsites at each PM: mound face, mound top, pit bottom, pit-wall, and intact forest floor. On each microsite, we measured photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil temperature, and soil moisture, and took soil samples from four microsites (intact forest floor, pit wall, pit bottom, mound top) to determine carbon and nitrogen concentrations.Treefall direction was marginally non-random. Three PM dimensions were significantly related to fallen tree biomass: mound width; mound height; and pit width. Other relationships failed because (1) rooting depth of the fallen tree was not necessarily proportional to tree size; and (2) trees that fell striking other trees often slid back into the pit, altering its dimensions. PAR was highest at mound top (250 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1)) and lowest in pit bottom (70 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1)). Mean soil temperature varied approximately 3 degree C across microsites, and soil moisture ranged from 24% on the mound top and mound face to 34% in the pit bottom. Nitrogen and carbon concentrations were significantly higher on the forest floor ([N] = 0.23%; [C] = 4.73%) than on the other three microsites ([N] = 0.08-0.10%; [C] = 1.4-2.2%). Over time, soil nutrition and microsite instability, due to erosion and settling, may be the most influential factors determining rates of vegetative establishment in PMs.We characterized initial vegetative recovery in 27 blowdown sites. Trees were placed in one of two damage classes: direct wind damage (direct); and damage due to the fall of another tree (indirect). Basal and/or bole sprouting, and live or dead crowns were noted. Blowdown areas ranged from 181 to 4043 m super(2) and averaged 1175 m super(2). Mean diameter of indirectly damaged trees was 50% of the mean for trees directly damaged, but both had similar minimum diameters. Overall, the biomass of indirectly damaged trees accounted for <10% of total biomass but 33% of the total number of stems. Of the indirectly damaged trees, 38% were topped, 82% exhibited basal or bole sprouting, and 21% had live crowns. By contrast, of the directly damaged trees, only 5% were topped, <50% were sprouting, and only 11% had live crowns. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Clinton, B D AU - Baker, C R AD - USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, 3160 Coweeta Lab Road Otto USA Y1 - 2000/02/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 01 SP - 51 EP - 60 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 126 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17419965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Catastrophic+windthrow+in+the+southern+Appalachians%3A+characteristics+of+pits+and+mounds+and+initial+vegetation+responses&rft.au=Clinton%2C+B+D%3BBaker%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900082-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00082-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional estimation of base flow and groundwater recharge in the Upper Mississippi river basin AN - 17593416; 4693497 AB - Groundwater recharge and discharge (base flow) estimates from two methods were compared in the Upper Mississippi River basin (USGS hydrologic cataloging unit 07). The Upper Mississippi basin drains 491,700 km super(2) in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Minnesota, and Wisconsin and outlets in the Mississippi River north of Cairo, Illinois. The first method uses the water balance components from the soil and water assessment tool model (SWAT). The model was used to simulate the daily water balance of approximately 16 soil/land use hydrologic response units (HRU) within each of the 131 USGS 8-digit watersheds. The water balance of each HRU is simulated with four storages: snow, soil (up to ten layers), shallow aquifer, and deep aquifer. Groundwater recharge is defined as water that percolates past the bottom soil layer into the shallow aquifer. Recharge is lagged to become base flow and can also be lost to ET. The second method consists of two procedures to estimate base flow and recharge from daily stream flow: (1) a digital recursive filter to separate base flow from daily flow and (2) a modified hydrograph recession curve displacement technique to estimate groundwater recharge. These procedures were applied to 283 USGS stations ranging in area from 50 to 1200 km super(2). A smoothed surface was obtained using a thin plate spline technique and estimates were averaged for each 8-digit basin. Simulated flow was calibrated against average annual flow for each 8-digit. Without further calibration, simulated monthly stream flow was compared against measured flow at Alton, Illinois (445,000 km super(2)) from 1961-1980. To validate the model, measured and simulated monthly stream flow at Alton from 1981-1985 were compared with an R super(2) of 0.65. No attempt was made to calibrate base flow and recharge independent of total stream flow. Base flow and recharge from both methods were shown to be in general agreement. The filter and recession methods have the potential to provide realistic estimates of base flow and recharge for input into regional groundwater models and as a check for surface hydrologic models. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Arnold, J G AU - Muttiah, R S AU - Srinivasan, R AU - Allen, P M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 808 East Blackland Road, Temple, TX 76502, USA, arnold@brc.tamus.edu Y1 - 2000/01/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jan 31 SP - 21 EP - 40 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 227 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USA, Upper Mississippi R. Basin KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Flow KW - Aquifers KW - River Basins KW - Surface water KW - Base Flow KW - Soil/water systems KW - Water resources KW - Soil Water KW - Watersheds KW - Catchment areas KW - Ground water KW - Hydrology KW - Ground water recharge KW - Groundwater Recharge KW - Water Resources KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17593416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Regional+estimation+of+base+flow+and+groundwater+recharge+in+the+Upper+Mississippi+river+basin&rft.au=Arnold%2C+J+G%3BMuttiah%2C+R+S%3BSrinivasan%2C+R%3BAllen%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-31&rft.volume=227&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2899%2900139-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Surface water; Ground water; Hydrology; Water resources; Watersheds; Aquifers; Flow; Catchment areas; Soil/water systems; Ground water recharge; River Basins; Base Flow; Soil Water; Groundwater Recharge; Water Resources DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00139-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solute transport modeled with Green's functions with application to persistent solute sources AN - 17486206; 4682109 AB - Analytical models can be valuable tools to investigate solute transport in porous media. The application of analytical solutions is limited by the perception that they are too cumbersome to derive while their implementation rests on assumptions that are too restrictive. The Green's function method (GFM) was applied to facilitate analytical solution of the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) for solute transport in uniform porous media with steady one- or two-dimensional flow. The GFM conveniently handles different boundary and initial conditions as well as multi-dimensional problems. Concise expressions are possible for the solute concentration with the GFM. This paper provides a general framework to efficiently formulate analytical solutions for many transport problems. Expressions for the longitudinal and transversal Green's function are presented that can be inserted in the general expression to solve a wide variety of transport problems in infinite, semi-infinite, and finite media. These solutions can be used to elucidate transport phenomena, estimate transport parameters, evaluate numerical solution procedures and simulate the movement and fate of solutes. An illustration of the GFM is provided by the analytical modeling of transport from a planar source of persistent, long-lasting contamination. Such a source may be used to represent dissolution from a pool of a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL). Analytical solutions are obtained for a first-, second-, and third-type condition in case of a planar source; the third-type condition is due to downward flow or rate-limited dissolution. Several examples are presented to show the effect of source conditions, the sensitivity of NAPL dissolution to transport parameters included in the Damkoehler and Peclet numbers, and upstream dispersion. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Leij, F J AU - Priesack, E AU - Schaap, M G AD - US Salinity Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA, fleij@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/01/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jan 31 SP - 155 EP - 173 VL - 41 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - Green's function method KW - NAPL KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Mathematical Models KW - Porous Media KW - Boundary Conditions KW - Solute Transport KW - Nonaqueous Phase Liquids KW - Mathematical Equations KW - Advection KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17486206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Solute+transport+modeled+with+Green%27s+functions+with+application+to+persistent+solute+sources&rft.au=Leij%2C+F+J%3BPriesack%2C+E%3BSchaap%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Leij&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-01-31&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-7722%2899%2900062-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solute Transport; Porous Media; Mathematical Models; Boundary Conditions; Mathematical Equations; Nonaqueous Phase Liquids; Sensitivity Analysis; Advection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00062-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-target effects of an introduced biological control agent on deer mouse ecology AN - 17543386; 4720478 AB - Release of exotic insects as biological control agents is a common approach to controlling exotic plants. Though controversy has ensued regarding the deleterious direct effects of biological control agents to non-target species, few have examined the indirect effects of a well-behaved biological control agent on native fauna. We studied a grassland in west-central Montana infested with spotted knapweed ( Centaurea maculosa) to examine the effects of knapweed invasion and two gall fly biological control agents ( Urophora affinis and U. quadrifasciata) on the native deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus). Stomach-content analysis revealed that Urophora were the primary food item in Peromyscus diets for most of the year and made up 84-86% of the winter diet. Stomach contents indicated that wild-caught mice consumed on average up to 247 Urophora larvae mouse super(-1) day super(-1), while feeding trials revealed that deer mice could depredate nearly 5 times as many larvae under laboratory conditions. In feeding trials, deer mice selected knapweed seedheads with greater numbers of galls while avoiding uninfested seedheads. When Urophora larvae were present in knapweed seedheads, deer mice selected microhabitats with moderately high (31-45% cover) and high knapweed infestation (46% cover). After Urophora emerged and larvae were unavailable to Peromyscus, mice reversed habitat selection to favor sites dominated by native-prairie with low knapweed infestation (0-15%). Establishment of the biological control agent, Urophora spp., has altered deer mouse diets and habitat selection by effecting changes in foraging strategies. Deer mice and other predators may reduce Urophora populations below a threshold necessary to effectively control spotted knapweed. JF - Oecologia AU - Pearson, DE AU - McKelvey, K S AU - Ruggiero, L F AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, PO Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA, dpearson/rmrsmissoula@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/01/18/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jan 18 SP - 121 EP - 128 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 122 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Fruit flies KW - Deer mouse KW - USA, Montana KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Foraging behavior KW - Urophora quadrifasciata KW - Peromyscus maniculatus KW - Urophora affinis KW - Tephritidae KW - Centaurea maculosa KW - Nontarget organisms KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17543386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Non-target+effects+of+an+introduced+biological+control+agent+on+deer+mouse+ecology&rft.au=Pearson%2C+DE%3BMcKelvey%2C+K+S%3BRuggiero%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2000-01-18&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Peromyscus maniculatus; Urophora affinis; Urophora quadrifasciata; Centaurea maculosa; Biological control; Nontarget organisms; Foraging behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of molecular methods for identification of Streptococcus bovis from human and ruminal origins AN - 17419530; 4640337 AB - Streptococcus bovis has been identified as a causative agent in humans for a variety of diseases, including endocarditis, meningitis, and septicemia. Identification of S. bovis strains of human origin in clinical settings has been problematic due to variations in biochemical tests as compared to ruminal strains of S. bovis, and other streptococcal species. DNA-DNA hybridization with chromosomal DNA from various S. bovis strains indicates that strains of human origin are different from those of ruminal origin. Specific probes have been designed from S. bovis 16S rDNA gene sequences that differentiate strains of human and ruminal origin by direct hybridization and PCR analyses. These techniques now allow for rapid identification of S. bovis strains for clinical and other scientific investigations. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Whitehead, T R AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street Peoria, IL USA Y1 - 2000/01/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jan 15 SP - 237 EP - 240 PB - Elsevier VL - 182 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Hybridization analysis KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17419530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Development+of+molecular+methods+for+identification+of+Streptococcus+bovis+from+human+and+ruminal+origins&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-01-15&rft.volume=182&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2899%2900596-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus bovis; Hybridization analysis; Polymerase chain reaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00596-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection against diverse highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses in chickens immunized with a recombinant fowlpox vaccine containing an H5 avian influenza hemagglutinin gene insert AN - 17452073; 4663337 AB - A recombinant fowlpox vaccine with an H5 hemagglutinin gene insert protected chickens against clinical signs and death following challenge by nine different highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses. The challenge viruses had 87.3 to 100% deduced hemagglutinin amino acid sequence similarity with the recombinant vaccine, and represented diversely geographic and spatial backgrounds; i.e. isolated from four different continents over a 38 year period. The recombinant vaccine reduced detectable infection rates and shedding titers by some challenge viruses. There was a significant positive correlation in hemagglutinin sequence similarity between challenge viruses and vaccine, and the ability to reduce titers of challenge virus isolated from the oropharynx (r sub(s) = 0.783, P = 0.009), but there was no similar correlation for reducing cloacal virus titers (r sub(s) = -0.100, P = 0.78). This recombinant fowlpox-H5 avian influenza hemagglutinin vaccine can provide protection against a variety of different highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses and frequent optimizing of the hemagglutinin insert to overcome genetic drift in the vaccine may not be necessary to provide adequate field protection. JF - Vaccine AU - Swayne, DE AU - Garcia, M AU - Beck, J R AU - Kinney, N AU - Suarez, D L AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA, dswayne@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2000/01/06/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jan 06 SP - 1088 EP - 1095 VL - 18 IS - 11-12 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Birds KW - immunology KW - Aves KW - Fowlpox virus KW - Influenza virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Vaccines KW - Genetic drift KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17452073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Protection+against+diverse+highly+pathogenic+H5+avian+influenza+viruses+in+chickens+immunized+with+a+recombinant+fowlpox+vaccine+containing+an+H5+avian+influenza+hemagglutinin+gene+insert&rft.au=Swayne%2C+DE%3BGarcia%2C+M%3BBeck%2C+J+R%3BKinney%2C+N%3BSuarez%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Swayne&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2000-01-06&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=1088&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fowlpox virus; Influenza virus; Aves; Genetic drift; Hemagglutinins; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium graminearum in wheat AN - 17537848; 4720836 AB - To study the inheritance of resistance in wheat to Fusarium graminearum, six resistant cultivars from China were crossed to two susceptible cultivars. The parents and their progenies were evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance to the spread of scab within a spike. A central floret was inoculated by injecting a droplet of inoculum at the time of anthesis. Inoculated plants were kept in a moist chamber for three subsequent nights. The proportion of scabbed spikelets was recorded six-times from 3-days to 21-days after inoculation, and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated from these proportions. One to three genes, depending on the cultivar, conditioned resistance to scab as reflected by the AUDPC. A simple additive-dominance effect model fitted the segregation data for 8 of the 11 crosses. Dominance and epistatic effects were significant in a few crosses. These effects increased resistance in some crosses but decreased resistance in others. However, relative to additive effects, dominant and epistatic effects accounted for only a small portion of the genetic effects in the populations evaluated. The importance of additive effects means that it should be possible to accumulate different genes to enhance resistance to scab in wheat. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Bai, G H AU - Shaner, G AU - Ohm, H AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, baig@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/01/03/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jan 03 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 100 IS - 1 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - spikes KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Plant diseases KW - Inheritance KW - Disease resistance KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - Scab KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17537848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Inheritance+of+resistance+to+Fusarium+graminearum+in+wheat&rft.au=Bai%2C+G+H%3BShaner%2C+G%3BOhm%2C+H&rft.aulast=Bai&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-01-03&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Fusarium graminearum; Disease resistance; Scab; Inheritance; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 10(S)-Hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid, an intermediate in the conversion of oleic acid to 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid AN - 746075382; 12034403 AB - The new microbial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PR3) has been reported to produce from oleic acid a new compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD), with 10-hydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid (HOD) being a probable intermediate. The production of DOD involves the introduction of two hydroxyl groups at carbon numbers 7 and 10, and a rearrangement of the double bond from carbons 9--10 to 8--9. It has been shown that the 8--9 unsaturation of HOD was possibly in the cis configuration. Now we report that the rearranged double bond of HOD is trans rather than cis, as determined by spectral data. Also, it was found that the 10-hydroxyl was in the S-configuration as determined by gas chromatographic separation of R- and S-isomers after preparation of the (-)-menthoxycarbonyl derivative of the hydroxyl group followed by oxidative cleavage of the double bond and methyl esterification. This latter result coincides with our recent finding that the main final product, DOD, is in the 7(S),10(S)-dihydroxy configuration. In addition, a minor isomer of HOD (about 3%) with the 10(R)-hydroxyl configuration was also detected. From the data obtained herein, we concluded that 10(S)-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid is the probable intermediate in the bioconversion of oleic acid to 7(S),10(S)-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid by PR3. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Kim, Hakryul AU - Gardner, Harold W AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Oil Chemical Research, ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, Illinois, houct@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 95 EP - 99 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oil KW - Data processing KW - Carbon KW - Esterification KW - bioconversion KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Oleic acid KW - Isomers KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746075382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=10%28S%29-Hydroxy-8%28E%29-octadecenoic+acid%2C+an+intermediate+in+the+conversion+of+oleic+acid+to+7%2C10-dihydroxy-8%28E%29-octadecenoic+acid&rft.au=Kim%2C+Hakryul%3BGardner%2C+Harold+W%3BHou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hakryul&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-000-0015-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Carbon; Data processing; Esterification; bioconversion; Oleic acid; Isomers; Pseudomonas aeruginosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-000-0015-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The mechanisms by which folate depletion enhances colorectal carcinogenesis: a unified scheme. AN - 72607918; 11490584 JF - Nestle Nutrition workshop series. Clinical & performance programme AU - Mason, J B AU - Choi, S W AD - Vitamin and Carcinogenesis Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Mass., USA. Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 87 EP - 99; discussion 99-101 VL - 4 SN - 1422-7584, 1422-7584 KW - Nucleic Acids KW - 0 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors KW - EC 1.5.- KW - Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) KW - EC 1.5.1.20 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - DNA Methylation KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- complications KW - Folic Acid -- metabolism KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- physiopathology KW - Nucleic Acids -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72607918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nestle+Nutrition+workshop+series.+Clinical+%26+performance+programme&rft.atitle=The+mechanisms+by+which+folate+depletion+enhances+colorectal+carcinogenesis%3A+a+unified+scheme.&rft.au=Mason%2C+J+B%3BChoi%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nestle+Nutrition+workshop+series.+Clinical+%26+performance+programme&rft.issn=14227584&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidants and lung cancer prevention. AN - 72606653; 11490581 JF - Nestle Nutrition workshop series. Clinical & performance programme AU - Wang, X D AU - Russell, R M AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Mass., USA. Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 39 EP - 53; discussion 53-4 VL - 4 SN - 1422-7584, 1422-7584 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Ascorbic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - DNA Damage KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Vitamin E -- administration & dosage KW - Lung Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - beta Carotene -- therapeutic use KW - Antioxidants -- therapeutic use KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - beta Carotene -- adverse effects KW - beta Carotene -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72606653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nestle+Nutrition+workshop+series.+Clinical+%26+performance+programme&rft.atitle=Antioxidants+and+lung+cancer+prevention.&rft.au=Wang%2C+X+D%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nestle+Nutrition+workshop+series.+Clinical+%26+performance+programme&rft.issn=14227584&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and evaluation of a complementation-dependent gene delivery system based on cucumber mosaic virus. AN - 72550403; 11205118 AB - To engineer cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Ix) into a gene vector, genome component RNA 3 of the virus was modified and split into two sub-components, RNA 3A and RNA 3B. In RNA 3A, the open reading frame of the movement protein (MP) was replaced by a reporter gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP), to monitor virus replication and movement. In RNA 3B, the coat protein (CP) gene was eliminated and a multiple cloning site (MCS) was created for foreign gene insertion. Each sub-component alone is defective and relies on its companion sub-component to restore full RNA 3 function. The vector system was evaluated for its ability to deliver and express the bacterial beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene and a modified bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein (BYMV-CP) gene in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Results showed that the engineered virus was able to move from cell to cell in the inoculated leaf and enter the minor veins of the inoculated leaf. Foreign gene expression was detected in the inoculated leaves. However, intermolecular recombination between RNA 3A and 3B occurred frequently, preventing efficient systemic expression of the foreign gene(s). Modifications and further evaluations are being undertaken to improve the gene delivery system. JF - Archives of virology AU - Zhao, Y AU - Hammond, J AU - Tousignant, M E AU - Hammond, R W AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 2285 EP - 2295 VL - 145 IS - 11 SN - 0304-8608, 0304-8608 KW - Capsid Proteins KW - 0 KW - Luminescent Proteins KW - Plant Viral Movement Proteins KW - RNA, Viral KW - Viral Proteins KW - coat protein, Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus KW - Green Fluorescent Proteins KW - 147336-22-9 KW - RNA 3 coat protein, prune dwarf ilarvirus KW - 156289-31-5 KW - Glucuronidase KW - EC 3.2.1.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication KW - Viral Proteins -- genetics KW - Immunoblotting KW - Capsid -- genetics KW - Glucuronidase -- metabolism KW - Luminescent Proteins -- metabolism KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Plant Leaves -- virology KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco -- virology KW - Glucuronidase -- genetics KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Viral Proteins -- metabolism KW - Capsid -- metabolism KW - RNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Luminescent Proteins -- genetics KW - Gene Transfer Techniques KW - Genetic Engineering KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Cucumovirus -- physiology KW - Cucumovirus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72550403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+virology&rft.atitle=Development+and+evaluation+of+a+complementation-dependent+gene+delivery+system+based+on+cucumber+mosaic+virus.&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Y%3BHammond%2C+J%3BTousignant%2C+M+E%3BHammond%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+virology&rft.issn=03048608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Present and future technologies for tick control. AN - 72526321; 11193677 AB - Arsenic dips were the first effective method for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases, and were used in many parts of the world for over 50 years before resistance to the chemical became a problem. Until organochlorine products became available about 1946 as alternatives to arsenic, significant losses occurred in cattle herds exposed to arsenic-resistant tick strains. Since the discovery of organochlorines, virtually every chemical group of pesticides developed for the control of arthropods is represented among the list of products employed for the control of ticks on cattle. The evolution of tick resistance to acaricides has been a major determinant of the need for new products. The variety of procedures for treating animals with acaricides ranges from dipping cattle to injecting systemic acaricides, but regardless of the treatment method used, producers need to know and follow proper application procedures to derive maximum benefits. The possibility of stocking with cattle breeds that acquire pronounced resistance to ticks or using recombinant antigen antitick vaccines are the most promising alternatives to acaricides. Most ranchers depend completely on acaricides to control ticks, but do not have access to guidelines on how to make a profit from their tick control program or how to detect and resolve problems with resistance to acaricides. Extension programs are needed to help ranchers manage animal health problems, including how to control ticks and tick-borne diseases. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - George, J E AD - USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028-9184, USA. jegeorge@ktc.com Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 583 EP - 588 VL - 916 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Tick Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Tick Control -- trends KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Ticks KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72526321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Present+and+future+technologies+for+tick+control.&rft.au=George%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=916&rft.issue=&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacological factors in the saliva of blood-feeding insects. Implications for vesicular stomatitis epidemiology. AN - 72526216; 11193659 AB - Vesicular stomatitis (VS) epizootics in the Western United States have caused substantial economic losses to U.S. livestock industries in 1995, 1997, and 1998. The role of arthropods in transmitting VS to U.S. livestock is unclear. In particular, the impact of arthropod salivary gland factors in VS infections in livestock needs study. Pharmacological effects of arthropod salivary gland factors on animals are reviewed. The potential effects of arthropod saliva on the transmission and spread of VS virus to livestock in the Western U.S. is presented with emphasis on the biting midge, Culicoides sonorensis. Information is discussed with attention to vector potential of C. sonorensis, and its use as a model for evaluating insect salivary gland pharmacology on livestock response to VS. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Tabachnick, W J AD - Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, P.O. Box 3965, University Station, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA. wjt@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 444 EP - 452 VL - 916 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Stomatitis -- virology KW - Animals KW - Stomatitis -- veterinary KW - Humans KW - Insect Bites and Stings KW - Ceratopogonidae -- virology KW - Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus KW - Rhabdoviridae Infections -- transmission KW - Saliva -- physiology KW - Saliva -- virology KW - Rhabdoviridae Infections -- veterinary KW - Arthropod Vectors KW - Insect Vectors KW - Insects -- virology KW - Insects -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72526216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Pharmacological+factors+in+the+saliva+of+blood-feeding+insects.+Implications+for+vesicular+stomatitis+epidemiology.&rft.au=Tabachnick%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Tabachnick&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=916&rft.issue=&rft.spage=444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CNS-induced deficits of heavy particle irradiation in space: the aging connection. AN - 72475033; 11542857 AB - Our research over the last several years has suggested that young (3 mo) rats exposed to whole-body 56Fe irradiation show neuronal signal transduction alterations and accompanying motor behavioral changes that are similar to those seen in aged (22-24 mo) rats. Since it has been postulated that 1-2% of the composition of cosmic rays contain 56Fe particles of heavy particle irradiation, there may be significant CNS effects on astronauts on long-term space flights which could produce behavioral changes that could be expressed during the mission or at some time after the return. These, when combined with other effects such as weightlessness and exposure to proton irradiations may even supercede mutagenic effects. It is suggested that by determining mechanistic relationships that might exist between aging and irradiation it may be possible to determine the common factor(s) involved in both perturbations and develop procedures to offset their deleterious effects. For example, one method that has been effective is nutritional modification. JF - Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) AU - Joseph, J A AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - McEwen, J AU - Rabin, B M AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 2057 EP - 2064 VL - 25 IS - 10 SN - 0273-1177, 0273-1177 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Flavonoids KW - Receptors, Muscarinic KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - Non-NASA Center KW - Substantia Nigra -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Substantia Nigra -- radiation effects KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- radiation effects KW - Radiation Protection KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Space Flight KW - Humans KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology KW - Substantia Nigra -- cytology KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Heavy Ions KW - Membrane Fluidity -- radiation effects KW - Aging -- radiation effects KW - Aging -- drug effects KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Signal Transduction -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72475033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+space+research+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Committee+on+Space+Research+%28COSPAR%29&rft.atitle=CNS-induced+deficits+of+heavy+particle+irradiation+in+space%3A+the+aging+connection.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BShukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BMcEwen%2C+J%3BRabin%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2057&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+space+research+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Committee+on+Space+Research+%28COSPAR%29&rft.issn=02731177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular physiology of zinc transport in the Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens. AN - 71757349; 10938797 AB - In this manuscript, recent research from this laboratory into physiological and molecular aspects of heavy metal (Zn) transport in the hyperaccumulating plant species, Thlaspi caerulescens is reviewed. This research is aimed at elucidating the processes that underlie the accumulation of extraordinarily high levels of Zn in the T. caerulescens shoot (up to 3% Zn dry wt.) without any associated toxicity symptom. Physiological studies focused on the use of radiotracer flux techniques (65Zn2+) to characterize zinc transport and compartmentation in the root, and translocation and accumulation in the shoot of T. caerulescens in comparison with a related non-accumulator, T. arvense. These studies indicated that Zn transport was stimulated at a number of sites in T. caerulescens, contributing to the hyperaccumulation trait. The transport processes that were stimulated included Zn influx into both root and leaf cells, and Zn loading into the xylem. The 4- to 5-fold stimulation of Zn influx into the root was hypothesized to be due to an increased abundance of Zn transporters in T. caerulescens root cells. Additionally, compartmental analysis (radiotracer wash out or efflux techniques) was used to show that Zn was sequestered in the vacuoles of T. arvense root cells which retarded Zn translocation to the shoot in this non-accumulator species. Molecular studies have focused on the cloning and characterization of Zn transport genes in T. caerulescens. Complementation of a yeast Zn transport-defective mutant with a T. caerulescens cDNA library resulted in the recovery of a cDNA, ZNT1, that encodes a Zn transporter. Sequence analysis of ZNT1 indicated it is a member of a recently discovered micronutrient transport gene family which includes the Arabidopsis Fe transporter, IRT1, and the ZIP Zn transporters. Expression of ZNT1 in yeast allowed for a physiological characterization of this transporter. It was shown to encode a high affinity Zn transporter which can also mediate low affinity Cd transport. Northern analysis of ZNT1 and its homologue in the two Thlaspi species indicated that enhanced Zn transport in T. caerulescens results from a constitutively high expression of the ZNT1 gene in roots and shoots. In T. arvense, ZNT1 is expressed at far lower levels and this expression is stimulated by imposition of Zn deficiency. JF - Journal of experimental botany AU - Lasat, M M AU - Pence, N S AU - Garvin, D F AU - Ebbs, S D AU - Kochian, L V AD - US Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - January 2000 SP - 71 EP - 79 VL - 51 IS - 342 SN - 0022-0957, 0022-0957 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Plant Proteins KW - ZNT1 zinc transporter, Thlaspi caerulescens KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Biological Transport KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Plant Roots -- metabolism KW - Plants -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71757349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+experimental+botany&rft.atitle=Molecular+physiology+of+zinc+transport+in+the+Zn+hyperaccumulator+Thlaspi+caerulescens.&rft.au=Lasat%2C+M+M%3BPence%2C+N+S%3BGarvin%2C+D+F%3BEbbs%2C+S+D%3BKochian%2C+L+V&rft.aulast=Lasat&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=342&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+experimental+botany&rft.issn=00220957&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Folate and carcinogenesis: developing a unifying hypothesis. AN - 71142376; 10828349 JF - Advances in enzyme regulation AU - Mason, J B AU - Choi, S W AD - Vitamin and Carcinogenesis Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. jmason@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 127 EP - 141 VL - 40 SN - 0065-2571, 0065-2571 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Folic Acid -- physiology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71142376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+enzyme+regulation&rft.atitle=Folate+and+carcinogenesis%3A+developing+a+unifying+hypothesis.&rft.au=Mason%2C+J+B%3BChoi%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+enzyme+regulation&rft.issn=00652571&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Osmoprotectants and cryoprotectants for Listeria monocytogenes. AN - 70976807; 10728555 AB - Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can grow in high osmotic strength environments and at refrigeration temperatures. Glycine betaine, proline betaine, acetylcarnitine, carnitine, gamma-butyrobetaine and 3-dimethylsulphoniopropionate all acted as osmoprotectants, as evidenced by an increase in growth rate of L. monocytogenes 10403S and Scott A when provided with these compounds, while being stressed in defined medium containing 0.7 M NaCl. These same compounds exhibited cryoprotective activity, as evidenced by increasing the growth rate of L. monocytogenes at 5 degrees C. Ectoine, hydroxy ectoine, pipecolic acid and proline were ineffective as osmoprotectants or cryoprotectants under these conditions. The presence of osmoprotectants and cryoprotectants in foods may provide compounds assisting L. monocytogenes to overcome the barriers of high osmotic strength and low temperature that otherwise control microbial growth. JF - Letters in applied microbiology AU - Bayles, D O AU - Wilkinson, B J AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, USA. Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - January 2000 SP - 23 EP - 27 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Cryoprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Sulfonium Compounds KW - Betaine KW - 3SCV180C9W KW - gamma-butyrobetaine KW - 407-64-7 KW - Sodium Chloride KW - 451W47IQ8X KW - Acetylcarnitine KW - 6DH1W9VH8Q KW - Proline KW - 9DLQ4CIU6V KW - dimethylpropiothetin KW - C884XA7QGG KW - stachydrine KW - S1L688345C KW - Carnitine KW - S7UI8SM58A KW - Index Medicus KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Betaine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Food Microbiology KW - Betaine -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Cold Temperature KW - Acetylcarnitine -- pharmacology KW - Sulfonium Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Proline -- pharmacology KW - Proline -- analogs & derivatives KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- drug effects KW - Cryoprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70976807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Osmoprotectants+and+cryoprotectants+for+Listeria+monocytogenes.&rft.au=Bayles%2C+D+O%3BWilkinson%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Bayles&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Warfarin use and fracture risk. AN - 70938108; 10697390 AB - Two recent studies examined the association between chronic use of warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, and fracture rate among older women. Whereas one study reported no association, the other reported a significantly higher risk for vertebral and rib fractures among warfarin users compared with nonusers. The effect of vitamin K antagonists on age-related bone loss continues to be controversial. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Booth, S L AU - Mayer, J AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - January 2000 SP - 20 EP - 22 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Anticoagulants KW - 0 KW - Vitamin K KW - 12001-79-5 KW - Warfarin KW - 5Q7ZVV76EI KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Women's Health KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Anticoagulants -- adverse effects KW - Fractures, Bone -- etiology KW - Warfarin -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin K -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70938108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Warfarin+use+and+fracture+risk.&rft.au=Booth%2C+S+L%3BMayer%2C+J&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin in beef liver by liquid chromatography/positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AN - 70933984; 10693003 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) multiresidue screening procedure was developed for determination of eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin in beef liver at 0, 25, 50, and 100 ppb levels. A procedure using low resolution LC/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) was developed with further purification steps added to the quantitative LC method to confirm residues. Acetonitrile extracts of liver, prior to derivatization for LC analysis, were further purified by using a C8 solid-phase extraction cartridge and an alumina-B cartridge. The purified extract was analyzed by injection into an LC/positive ion APCI MS. Identity of the compound was confirmed by comparison of its retention time and relative intensity data with those of a standard or recovery from a fortified control liver sample. Anthelmintic drugs in acetonitrile extracts of liver containing eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin at 25 ppb, the lowest level of fortification used in the LC determinative method, were successfully confirmed. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Ali, M S AU - Sun, T AU - McLeroy, G E AU - Phillippo, E T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Atlanta, GA 30604, USA. PY - 2000 SP - 39 EP - 52 VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Antinematodal Agents KW - Macrolides KW - milbemycin KW - 51570-36-6 KW - abamectin KW - 5U8924T11H KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - eprinomectin KW - 75KP30FD8O KW - doramectin KW - KGD7A54H5P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Antinematodal Agents -- analysis KW - Quality Control KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Ivermectin -- analysis KW - Anthelmintics -- analysis KW - Liver -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70933984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+eprinomectin%2C+moxidectin%2C+abamectin%2C+doramectin%2C+and+ivermectin+in+beef+liver+by+liquid+chromatography%2Fpositive+ion+atmospheric+pressure+chemical+ionization+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Ali%2C+M+S%3BSun%2C+T%3BMcLeroy%2C+G+E%3BPhillippo%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-16 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous determination of eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin in beef liver by LC with fluorescence detection. AN - 70929481; 10693002 AB - Eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin are drugs used to control parasitic infections in both meat-producing and nonmeat-producing animals. A number of analytical methods are available to analyze these anthelmintic drugs individually. A multiresidue screening method was developed for these drugs; however, the initial attempt to derivatize eprinomectin following the method published by Merck scientists was unsuccessful because the eprinomectin derivatization reaction was temperature- and time-dependent. The optimum time and temperature for the completion of eprinomectin derivatization were 90 min and 65 degrees C, respectively, without appreciable effect on the remaining 4 drugs. Beef liver samples were fortified with 0, 25, 50, and 100 ppb mixed standards of eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin. Each set of 4 levels of recoveries was repeated 10 times with all 5 compounds. The average of 10 recoveries of 5 compounds at all 4 levels of fortification was > 70%; the coefficient of variation was < 20%. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Ali, M S AU - Sun, T AU - McLeroy, G E AU - Phillippo, E T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Athens, GA 30604, USA. PY - 2000 SP - 31 EP - 38 VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Antinematodal Agents KW - Macrolides KW - milbemycin KW - 51570-36-6 KW - abamectin KW - 5U8924T11H KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - eprinomectin KW - 75KP30FD8O KW - doramectin KW - KGD7A54H5P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Antinematodal Agents -- analysis KW - Quality Control KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Ivermectin -- analysis KW - Anthelmintics -- analysis KW - Liver -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70929481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+determination+of+eprinomectin%2C+moxidectin%2C+abamectin%2C+doramectin%2C+and+ivermectin+in+beef+liver+by+LC+with+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Ali%2C+M+S%3BSun%2C+T%3BMcLeroy%2C+G+E%3BPhillippo%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-16 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation, partial purification, and use of serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitors from Isaria (= Cordyceps) sinclairii. AN - 70811337; 10563339 JF - Methods in enzymology AU - Riley, R T AU - Plattner, R D AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture/ARS, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 348 EP - 361 VL - 311 SN - 0076-6879, 0076-6879 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated KW - Fumonisins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Acyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.- KW - Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.50 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - thermozymocidin KW - YRM4E8R9ST KW - Index Medicus KW - Sphingosine -- biosynthesis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- isolation & purification KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated -- isolation & purification KW - Fungi -- chemistry KW - Acyltransferases -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70811337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.atitle=Fermentation%2C+partial+purification%2C+and+use+of+serine+palmitoyltransferase+inhibitors+from+Isaria+%28%3D+Cordyceps%29+sinclairii.&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=311&rft.issue=&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.issn=00766879&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An aerotaxis transducer gene from Pseudomonas putida. AN - 70801913; 10612751 AB - An aerotaxis gene, aer, was cloned from Pseudomonas putida PRS2000. A P. putida aer mutant displayed an altered aerotactic response in a capillary assay. Wild-type P. putida clustered at the air/liquid interface. In contrast, the aer mutant did not cluster at the interface, but instead formed a diffuse band at a distance from the meniscus. Wild-type aer, provided in trans, complemented the aer mutant to an aerotactic response that was stronger than wild-type. The P. putida Aer sequence is similar over its entire length to the aerotaxis (energy taxis) signal transducer protein, Aer, of Escherichia coli. The amino-terminus is similar to redox-sensing regulatory proteins, and the carboxy-terminus contains the highly conserved domain present in chemotactic transducers. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Nichols, N N AU - Harwood, C S AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 2000/01/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jan 01 SP - 177 EP - 183 VL - 182 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Aer protein, E coli KW - 0 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Culture Media KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Succinic Acid KW - AB6MNQ6J6L KW - Index Medicus KW - Chemotaxis -- genetics KW - Kanamycin Resistance -- genetics KW - Energy Metabolism -- physiology KW - Signal Transduction -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Succinic Acid -- metabolism KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Carrier Proteins -- chemistry KW - Pseudomonas putida -- physiology KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Pseudomonas putida -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70801913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=An+aerotaxis+transducer+gene+from+Pseudomonas+putida.&rft.au=Nichols%2C+N+N%3BHarwood%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=182&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-20 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF079997; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of fumonisins. AN - 70800046; 10563340 JF - Methods in enzymology AU - Meredith, F I AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture/ARS, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 361 EP - 373 VL - 311 SN - 0076-6879, 0076-6879 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Pyridines KW - Index Medicus KW - Oryza -- microbiology KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Carboxylic Acids -- isolation & purification KW - Pyridines -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70800046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+fumonisins.&rft.au=Meredith%2C+F+I&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=311&rft.issue=&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.issn=00766879&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new module for quantitative evaluation of repellent efficacy using human subjects. AN - 70541318; 15218924 AB - A new module for quantitative evaluation of arthropod repellents in human subjects was designed, constructed, and protocols for use of the module were developed. Doses of 3 arthropod repellents, 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl] piperidine (AI3-35765), 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine (AI3-37220), and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet), were evaluated using the mosquito, Anopheles stephensi Liston. Biting responses to varied doses of the repellents on human skin were quantified, and the effectiveness of the 3 repellents was compared. The new module consists of 6 test cells and permits the simultaneous comparison of up to 5 repellent doses or chemical types and a control using a complete randomized block design with minimal treatment interaction and with > or = 6 replicates per human subject. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Klun, J A AU - Debboun, M AD - Insect Chemical Ecology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - January 2000 SP - 177 EP - 181 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Piperidines KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine KW - 69462-43-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - DEET -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Piperidines -- toxicity KW - Insect Repellents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70541318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=A+new+module+for+quantitative+evaluation+of+repellent+efficacy+using+human+subjects.&rft.au=Klun%2C+J+A%3BDebboun%2C+M&rft.aulast=Klun&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optically active arthropod repellents for use against disease vectors. AN - 70535859; 15218925 AB - Optically inactive 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl] piperidine and 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine are repellents against blood-feeding arthropods. Pure stereoisomers of these compounds were synthesized and characterized for use in bioassays. Initial laboratory tests with the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi Liston showed that this species was repelled differentially by the stereoisomers of 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine. Two stereoisomers were twice as repellent as the other stereoisomers. These results indicate that stereoisomerism influences repellent efficacy in this class of compounds. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Klun, J A AU - Ma, D AU - Gupta, R AD - Insect Chemical Ecology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - January 2000 SP - 182 EP - 186 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Piperidines KW - Index Medicus KW - Mosquito Control -- methods KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Molecular Conformation KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Piperidines -- chemistry KW - Piperidines -- toxicity KW - Culicidae KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70535859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Optically+active+arthropod+repellents+for+use+against+disease+vectors.&rft.au=Klun%2C+J+A%3BMa%2C+D%3BGupta%2C+R&rft.aulast=Klun&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Solving Problems with a Web Page That Makes the Payoff to Education Concrete and Credible T2 - Society for the Study of Social Problems AN - 61738089; 2000S39111 AB - This paper describes a web page that solves social problems by empowering young people with knowledge about the wage & salary distributions of people like themselves, just a few years older. Young people, for example the high school aged, face an information asymmetry about the financial benefits of finishing high school & going on to postsecondary education versus dropping out. They have detailed information about what they can earn if they drop out. The payoff to continuing education is hard to estimate & must be discounted for uncertainty & for being in the future. Youths living in unstable circumstances will, rationally, be severe discounters of future rewards. The web page we propose redresses this asymmetry by making the return to education concrete & credible. This is done by showing the user of the web page what people aged 30 to 39, like the user of the web page in gender, color/ethnicity, metro/nonmetro residence, region -- & most importantly at five levels of education, earn. The web page allows the user to put in different annual earnings levels. Back comes the proportion of people like the user, only aged 30 to 39, earning that much or more. JF - Society for the Study of Social Problems AU - Angle, John AU - Brent, C Philip Y1 - 2000///0, PY - 2000 DA - 0, 2000 KW - Information Sources KW - Educational Plans KW - Wages KW - Higher Education KW - Young Adults KW - Internet KW - Youth KW - Education Work Relationship KW - proceeding KW - 1432: sociology of education; sociology of education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61738089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Society+for+the+Study+of+Social+Problems&rft.atitle=Solving+Problems+with+a+Web+Page+That+Makes+the+Payoff+to+Education+Concrete+and+Credible&rft.au=Angle%2C+John%3BBrent%2C+C+Philip&rft.aulast=Angle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society+for+the+Study+of+Social+Problems&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 2000 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration in the Nonmetropolitan South AN - 60456767; 200215051 AB - Data from multiple sources are analyzed to provide a picture of domestic migration patterns, characteristics of migrants, & effects of migration on poverty & human capital in the rural South during the 1990s. Migration trends in the 1990s were quite favorable for the rural South. Net migration was positive & substantial & represented a gain of people in their early career years including a disproportionate share of young families. The "brain drain" that characterized the 1980s has at least slowed, & possibly stopped. The comparative advantage of rural areas is increasingly found in their natural amenities & low population densities & corresponding attractiveness as places to live & recreate. At the same time, the positive effects of production factors that attract manufacturing enterprises are still very much in evidence in the nonmetro South. The most economically disadvantaged areas of the nonmetro South may not be benefiting as much as other areas from the rural migration rebound. Net immigration to rural areas was widespread, but one-fourth of the counties in the nonmetro South continued to experience outmigration, although at a lower rate than in the 1980s. 4 Tables, 12 Figures, 26 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Southern Rural Sociology AU - Nord, Mark AU - Cromartie, John AD - Economic Research Service, US Dept Agriculture Y1 - 2000///0, PY - 2000 DA - 0, 2000 SP - 175 EP - 205 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0885-3436, 0885-3436 KW - Migration Patterns KW - Southern States KW - Human Capital KW - Poverty KW - Nonmetropolitan Areas KW - Migrants KW - Rural Areas KW - article KW - 1837: demography and human biology; demography (population studies) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60456767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://www.ag.auburn.edu/auxiliary/srsa/pages/Articles/SRS%25202000%252016%2520175-205.pdf LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SRSLF5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Migration Patterns; Nonmetropolitan Areas; Southern States; Poverty; Human Capital; Rural Areas; Migrants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - College Graduates in the Nonmetropolitan South: Origins and Prospects AN - 60442399; 200214447 AB - This study documents the regional origins of the college-experienced population in the nonmetro South, using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 Cohort. As of 1994, the nonmetro South had generated over half of its own college-experienced adults between the ages of 30-38, a higher rate than that of any other region. Although the results of logistic regression estimates show that nonmetro southerners were less likely to attend college, those who left the region for college were more likely to return than other regional migrants, especially after age 30. In addition, the relatively low demand for college-trained labor in the nonmetro South made it possible for employers to meet their labor needs using a largely native workforce. College-experienced nonmetro southerners in the early 1990s apparently were willing to work for lower earnings in their home region than they could earn elsewhere, yet they received higher pay on average than did other returnees. 8 Tables, 21 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Southern Rural Sociology AU - Gibbs, Robert M AD - Economic Research Service, US Dept Agriculture Y1 - 2000///0, PY - 2000 DA - 0, 2000 SP - 36 EP - 59 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0885-3436, 0885-3436 KW - Southern States KW - Labor Force Participation KW - College Graduates KW - Labor Market KW - Regional Differences KW - Employment KW - Nonmetropolitan Areas KW - article KW - 0621: complex organization; jobs, work organization, workplaces, & unions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60442399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://www.ag.auburn.edu/auxiliary/srsa/pages/Articles/SRS%25202000%252016%252036-59.pdf LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SRSLF5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - College Graduates; Nonmetropolitan Areas; Southern States; Employment; Labor Market; Labor Force Participation; Regional Differences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic impacts of fire on the Boise Front AN - 52351812; 2000-043660 AB - The Eighth Street fire had a significant impact on the infiltration capacity and soil erodibility across the Boise Front. South-facing slopes had the lowest infiltration and showed the highest rates of erosion following the fire. Two years following the fire, ground cover had not yet sufficiently recovered to fully protect either the north or south slopes from increased runoff and accelerated erosion. Presented results are consistent with observations made following the September, 1997, thunderstorm where the south-facing slopes had the highest concentration of rills and suffered significant soil losses. JF - Water Resources Center Report - Centers for Water and Wildland Resources AU - Pierson, Frederick B A2 - Slaughter, Charles W. Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - January 2000 SP - 105 EP - 113 PB - University of California, Water Resources Center, Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, Riverside, CA KW - United States KW - soils KW - protection KW - Idaho KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - effects KW - ecosystems KW - erosion rates KW - Boise Idaho KW - fires KW - Ada County Idaho KW - infiltration KW - floods KW - ecology KW - soil erosion KW - water resources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52351812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Center+Report+-+Centers+for+Water+and+Wildland+Resources&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+impacts+of+fire+on+the+Boise+Front&rft.au=Pierson%2C+Frederick+B&rft.aulast=Pierson&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Center+Report+-+Centers+for+Water+and+Wildland+Resources&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Seventh biennial Watershed Management Council conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05209 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ada County Idaho; Boise Idaho; ecology; ecosystems; effects; erosion; erosion rates; fires; floods; geologic hazards; Idaho; infiltration; protection; soil erosion; soils; United States; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrients available from livestock manure relative to land use AN - 52269007; 2001-011163 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Moffitt, David C AU - Lander, Charles H AU - Wilde, Franceska D AU - Britton, Linda J AU - Miller, Cherie V AU - Kolpin, Dana W Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 51 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - soils KW - agricultural waste KW - pollutants KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - phosphorus KW - environmental effects KW - biota KW - nitrogen KW - nutrients KW - natural resources KW - animal waste KW - air KW - water resources KW - USGS KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52269007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Nutrients+available+from+livestock+manure+relative+to+land+use&rft.au=Moffitt%2C+David+C%3BLander%2C+Charles+H%3BWilde%2C+Franceska+D%3BBritton%2C+Linda+J%3BMiller%2C+Cherie+V%3BKolpin%2C+Dana+W&rft.aulast=Moffitt&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://water.usgs.gov/owq/AFO/proceedings/afo/OFR/abstracts.pdf https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Effects of animal feeding operations on water resources and the environment; technical meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; agriculture; air; animal waste; biota; environmental effects; land use; natural resources; nitrogen; nutrients; phosphorus; pollutants; pollution; soils; USGS; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of comprehensive nutrient management plans for animal feeding operations AN - 52263705; 2001-011191 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Iivari, Thomas A AU - Wilde, Franceska D AU - Britton, Linda J AU - Miller, Cherie V AU - Kolpin, Dana W Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 80 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - hydrology KW - programs KW - agricultural waste KW - development KW - legislation KW - government agencies KW - agriculture KW - nutrients KW - environmental management KW - waste management KW - planning KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - Clean Water Act KW - animal waste KW - USGS KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52263705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Development+of+comprehensive+nutrient+management+plans+for+animal+feeding+operations&rft.au=Iivari%2C+Thomas+A%3BWilde%2C+Franceska+D%3BBritton%2C+Linda+J%3BMiller%2C+Cherie+V%3BKolpin%2C+Dana+W&rft.aulast=Iivari&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://water.usgs.gov/owq/AFO/proceedings/afo/OFR/abstracts.pdf https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Effects of animal feeding operations on water resources and the environment; technical meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; agriculture; animal waste; Clean Water Act; development; environmental management; erosion control; government agencies; hydrology; land use; legislation; nutrients; planning; programs; runoff; USGS; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of oil spills on the biological, chemical and physical properties of Antarctic soils AN - 52223495; 2001-046538 AB - This paper investigates how the biological, chemical, and physical properties of Antarctic soils are impacted by hydrocarbon contamination. This information is used to more effectively assess the impacts of fuel spills, to determine where amelioration measures are necessary, and to assess the potential for building the information into environmental management procedures used for Antarctic environments controlled by other countries. JF - Proceedings of the ... International Symposium on Cold Region Development (ISCORD) AU - Aislabie, Jackie AU - Saul, David AU - Balks, Megan AU - Kimble, John AU - Paetzold, Ron AU - Sheppard, Doug AU - Campbell, Iain AU - Claridge, Graeme A2 - Hughson, Tony A2 - Ruckstuhl, Cordula Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 329 PB - IACORDS - International Association of Cold Regions Development Studies, [location varies] VL - 6 KW - soils KW - Southern Ocean KW - terrestrial environment KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - Antarctic Ocean KW - pollution KW - physical properties KW - organic compounds KW - Antarctica KW - Ross Sea KW - oil spills KW - hydrocarbons KW - chemical composition KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52223495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+...+International+Symposium+on+Cold+Region+Development+%28ISCORD%29&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+oil+spills+on+the+biological%2C+chemical+and+physical+properties+of+Antarctic+soils&rft.au=Aislabie%2C+Jackie%3BSaul%2C+David%3BBalks%2C+Megan%3BKimble%2C+John%3BPaetzold%2C+Ron%3BSheppard%2C+Doug%3BCampbell%2C+Iain%3BClaridge%2C+Graeme&rft.aulast=Aislabie&rft.aufirst=Jackie&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+...+International+Symposium+on+Cold+Region+Development+%28ISCORD%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth international symposium on Cold region development N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05626 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antarctic Ocean; Antarctica; biochemistry; chemical composition; hydrocarbons; oil spills; organic compounds; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; Ross Sea; soils; Southern Ocean; terrestrial environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rockfall hazard inventory along the Cascades Trail, Jefferson National Forest, Giles County, Virginia AN - 52208436; 2001-057260 JF - Virginia Journal of Science AU - Gilliam, Daniel R AU - Watts, Chester F AU - Bartholomew, Paul AU - Burton, Kelly AU - Collins, Thomas K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 117 PB - Virginia Academy of Science, Richmond, VA VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0042-658X, 0042-658X KW - United States KW - rockfalls KW - North America KW - Cascades Trail KW - monitoring KW - Virginia KW - geologic hazards KW - Jefferson National Forest KW - Paleozoic KW - Appalachians KW - Silurian KW - Ordovician KW - mass movements KW - risk assessment KW - slope stability KW - Giles County Virginia KW - Valley and Ridge Province KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52208436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virginia+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=Rockfall+hazard+inventory+along+the+Cascades+Trail%2C+Jefferson+National+Forest%2C+Giles+County%2C+Virginia&rft.au=Gilliam%2C+Daniel+R%3BWatts%2C+Chester+F%3BBartholomew%2C+Paul%3BBurton%2C+Kelly%3BCollins%2C+Thomas+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gilliam&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virginia+Journal+of+Science&rft.issn=0042658X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 78th annual meeting of the Virginia Academy of Sciences N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - VJSCAI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; Cascades Trail; geologic hazards; Giles County Virginia; Jefferson National Forest; mass movements; monitoring; North America; Ordovician; Paleozoic; risk assessment; rockfalls; Silurian; slope stability; United States; Valley and Ridge Province; Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erosion and sedimentation in urban areas AN - 52174999; 2001-076714 JF - Agronomy AU - Knox, Ellis G AU - Bouchard, Carl E AU - Barrett, James G A2 - Brown, Randall B. A2 - Huddleston, J. Herbert A2 - Anderson, James L. Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 179 EP - 197 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 39 SN - 0065-4663, 0065-4663 KW - soils KW - water quality KW - erosion KW - sedimentation KW - urban environment KW - planning KW - conservation KW - erosion control KW - soil erosion KW - land use KW - design KW - soil management KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52174999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy&rft.atitle=Erosion+and+sedimentation+in+urban+areas&rft.au=Knox%2C+Ellis+G%3BBouchard%2C+Carl+E%3BBarrett%2C+James+G&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=Ellis&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy&rft.issn=00654663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 96 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGRYAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; design; erosion; erosion control; land use; planning; sedimentation; soil erosion; soil management; soils; urban environment; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Desert rangelands, degradation and nutrients AN - 52106000; 2002-041694 JF - Advances in Vegetation Science AU - Havstad, Kris M AU - Herrick, J E AU - Schlesinger, W H A2 - Arnalds, Olafur A2 - Archer, Steve Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 77 EP - 87 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht VL - 19 SN - 0168-8022, 0168-8022 KW - soils KW - eolian features KW - terrestrial environment KW - monitoring KW - degradation KW - human activity KW - arid environment KW - vegetation KW - deserts KW - remediation KW - nitrogen KW - nutrients KW - soil quality KW - grasslands KW - landscapes KW - rangelands KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52106000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Vegetation+Science&rft.atitle=Desert+rangelands%2C+degradation+and+nutrients&rft.au=Havstad%2C+Kris+M%3BHerrick%2C+J+E%3BSchlesinger%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Havstad&rft.aufirst=Kris&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Vegetation+Science&rft.issn=01688022&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; degradation; deserts; eolian features; grasslands; human activity; landscapes; monitoring; nitrogen; nutrients; rangelands; remediation; soil quality; soils; terrestrial environment; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variabilite spatiale des parametres d'adsorption de l'atrazine et des autres proprietes pedologiques d'un podzoluvisol--Spatial variability of atrazine sorption parameters and other soil properties in a podzoluvisol AN - 52084089; 2002-059936 JF - Principaux Resultats Scientifiques - Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres AU - Jacques, Diederik AU - Mouvet, Christophe AU - Mohanty, Binayak AU - Vereecken, Harry AU - Feyen, Jan Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 43 EP - 44 PB - BRGM, Paris VL - 1999/2000 SN - 0766-7175, 0766-7175 KW - soils KW - sorption KW - cation exchange capacity KW - three-dimensional models KW - Luvisols KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - triazines KW - spatial variations KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - carbon KW - pesticides KW - organic carbon KW - geochemistry KW - Podzols KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52084089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Principaux+Resultats+Scientifiques+-+Bureau+de+Recherches+Geologiques+et+Minieres&rft.atitle=Variabilite+spatiale+des+parametres+d%27adsorption+de+l%27atrazine+et+des+autres+proprietes+pedologiques+d%27un+podzoluvisol--Spatial+variability+of+atrazine+sorption+parameters+and+other+soil+properties+in+a+podzoluvisol&rft.au=Jacques%2C+Diederik%3BMouvet%2C+Christophe%3BMohanty%2C+Binayak%3BVereecken%2C+Harry%3BFeyen%2C+Jan&rft.aulast=Jacques&rft.aufirst=Diederik&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=1999%2F2000&rft.issue=&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Principaux+Resultats+Scientifiques+-+Bureau+de+Recherches+Geologiques+et+Minieres&rft.issn=07667175&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; carbon; cation exchange capacity; geochemistry; herbicides; Luvisols; organic carbon; organic compounds; pesticides; Podzols; pollutants; pollution; soils; sorption; spatial variations; three-dimensional models; triazines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment damages and recent trends in the United States AN - 52014187; 2003-023067 AB - In the United States, cropland erosion has decreased by an estimated one billion tons or 42 percent for the period 1982 to 1997 (USDA NRCS, 1998) through erosion reduction provisions of the Food Security Act of 1985 and the ongoing soil conservation programs administered by the United States Department of Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service (USDA-SCS), which became the Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) in 1997. The U.S. Geological Survey has measured suspended sediment loads at stream gages from 1980 through 1989 and showed primarily decreases of from 1 to 12 percent for most regions and increases for only three regions, ranging from 2 to 12 percent. A Reservoir Sediment Information System (RESIS) was created so that decades of data on reservoir sediment deposits could be evaluated (Atwood, 1994; Steffen, 1994; Atwood and Steffen, 1994). The results of analyses show a major increase in unit-area sediment deposition rates during the period 1970 through 1985, which may be attributable to increased cropland acreage, a switch from diversified farming to intensive monocultured crops, with widespread adoption of soybeans. The most recent measured rates show that 25 percent of the United States reservoirs would be at least half-filled with sediment by 2018, although there is a significant data gap since 1985. Relatively few reservoirs were surveyed since 1985 due to lack of funding priority and increased survey labor costs. JF - International Journal of Sediment Research AU - Bernard, Jerry M AU - Iivari, Thomas A A2 - Roemkens, M. J. M. A2 - Fan, Shoushan Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 135 EP - 148 PB - International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation (IRTCES), Beijing VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 1013-7866, 1013-7866 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - stream transport KW - reservoirs KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - sedimentation KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - damage KW - watersheds KW - suspended materials KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - conservation KW - sedimentation rates KW - sediments KW - information systems KW - soil erosion KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52014187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Sediment+Research&rft.atitle=Sediment+damages+and+recent+trends+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Bernard%2C+Jerry+M%3BIivari%2C+Thomas+A&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Sediment+Research&rft.issn=10137866&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; damage; data processing; erosion; fluvial sedimentation; hydrology; information systems; reservoirs; rivers and streams; sediment transport; sedimentation; sedimentation rates; sediments; soil erosion; soils; stream transport; suspended materials; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of rangeland conservation strategies AN - 51359701; 2002-041700 JF - Advances in Vegetation Science AU - Arnalds, Andres A2 - Arnalds, Olafur A2 - Archer, Steve Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 153 EP - 163 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht VL - 19 SN - 0168-8022, 0168-8022 KW - soils KW - programs KW - degradation KW - Western Europe KW - reclamation KW - agriculture KW - Europe KW - ecosystems KW - vegetation KW - conservation KW - land management KW - sustainable development KW - Iceland KW - rangelands KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51359701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Vegetation+Science&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+rangeland+conservation+strategies&rft.au=Arnalds%2C+Andres&rft.aulast=Arnalds&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Vegetation+Science&rft.issn=01688022&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; conservation; degradation; ecosystems; Europe; Iceland; land management; land use; programs; rangelands; reclamation; soils; sustainable development; vegetation; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drainage management to improve water quality and to enhance agricultural production AN - 51157875; 2004-042592 JF - Special Report - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Water Resources Center AU - Pitts, Don AU - Sparks, Richard E Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 38 PB - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Water Resources Center, Urbana, IL VL - 26 SN - 0733-0502, 0733-0502 KW - United States KW - soils KW - water quality KW - Illinois KW - drainage KW - agriculture KW - water management KW - pollution KW - optimization KW - nutrients KW - water table KW - habitat KW - tillage KW - nitrate ion KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51157875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Report+-+University+of+Illinois+at+Urbana-Champaign%2C+Water+Resources+Center&rft.atitle=Drainage+management+to+improve+water+quality+and+to+enhance+agricultural+production&rft.au=Pitts%2C+Don%3BSparks%2C+Richard+E&rft.aulast=Pitts&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Report+-+University+of+Illinois+at+Urbana-Champaign%2C+Water+Resources+Center&rft.issn=07330502&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Illinois water 2000 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; drainage; habitat; Illinois; land use; nitrate ion; nutrients; optimization; pollution; soils; tillage; United States; water management; water quality; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of a weather generation model for Alaska AN - 50907508; 2001-003575 AB - Weather data are essential for most water management applications. Weather records are often of short duration, obtained at locations different from the area for which weather data are needed, or do not contain all the variables required for a given application. The scarcity of weather data is particularly true in Alaska due to the extreme climate and widely spread weather observation sites. Weather generation models are capable of providing synthetic data that can be used as a surrogate for actual data if the models are properly developed. This paper describes the development and validation of a weather generation model for Alaska (WGENAL). WGENAL is based on a model that was developed for the 48 conterminous states and was adapted to describe the extreme weather of Alaska. The WGENAL model generates daily values of precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed. Weather data generated with WGENAL are compared with actual data for specific sites. In general, the generated data compare very favorably with the actual data. JF - Technical Publication Series - American Water Resources Association AU - Richardson, C W AU - Harmel, R D A2 - Kane, Douglas L. Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 237 EP - 241 PB - AWRA - American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD VL - 00-1 SN - 0731-9789, 0731-9789 KW - United States KW - water management KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - simulation KW - temperature KW - solar energy KW - observations KW - models KW - Alaska KW - meteorology KW - winds KW - climate KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50907508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Validation+of+a+weather+generation+model+for+Alaska&rft.au=Richardson%2C+C+W%3BHarmel%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=00-1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=1882132505&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=07319789&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AWRA's 2000 spring specialty conference; Water resources in extreme environments N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; atmospheric precipitation; climate; meteorology; models; observations; simulation; solar energy; temperature; United States; water management; winds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved radar interpretations of water table depths and ground-water flow patterns with predictive equations AN - 50597021; 2001-028889 AB - Recent interest in soils and hydrologic modeling has increased the need for information concerning the depth and movement of ground water. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used eight times over a two-year period to chart water table depths and ground-water flow patterns within a 32-ha forested site in northwestern Indiana, USA. Radar imagery was correlated with depths to the water table in 16 observation wells. The velocity of propagation ranged from 0.0508 m/ns to 0.1606 m/ns at these wells. Propagation velocities were generally slower during the spring and early summer months when depths to the water table were relatively shallow. Propagation velocities were faster through dunes than through the more poorly drained interdunes. Because of the spatiotemporal variability in propagation velocities and the known complexity of soil and landform patterns, a predictive equation based on water table depths and two-way travel times was developed for each GPR survey. In this setting, the use of a predictive equation based on multiple GPR measurements over a known reflector substantially improved the accuracy of radar depth interpretations over single or averaged measurements. JF - SPIE Proceedings Series AU - Doolittle, J A AU - Jenkinson, B J AU - Franzmeier, D P AU - Lynn, W A2 - Noon, David A. A2 - Stickley, Glen F. A2 - Longstaff, Dennis Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 488 EP - 493 PB - SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering; Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Bellingham, WA VL - 4084 SN - 1017-2653, 1017-2653 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Quaternary KW - glaciation KW - geophysical surveys KW - Jasper County Indiana KW - geophysical methods KW - mathematical models KW - northwestern Indiana KW - Wisconsinan KW - ground water KW - upper Pleistocene KW - Cenozoic KW - water table KW - movement KW - Indiana KW - surveys KW - Pleistocene KW - propagation KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50597021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SPIE+Proceedings+Series&rft.atitle=Improved+radar+interpretations+of+water+table+depths+and+ground-water+flow+patterns+with+predictive+equations&rft.au=Doolittle%2C+J+A%3BJenkinson%2C+B+J%3BFranzmeier%2C+D+P%3BLynn%2C+W&rft.aulast=Doolittle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=4084&rft.issue=&rft.spage=488&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SPIE+Proceedings+Series&rft.issn=10172653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - GPR 2000; Eighth international conference on Ground penetrating radar N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - WA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SPIECJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; glaciation; ground water; hydrology; Indiana; Jasper County Indiana; mathematical models; movement; northwestern Indiana; Pleistocene; propagation; Quaternary; surveys; United States; upper Pleistocene; water table; Wisconsinan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural Chemical Residues as a Source of Risk AN - 19923386; 5160157 AB - Exposures to individual agricultural chemical residues are a relatively small source of risk across selected environmental and human health end points; nutrients in water, of which agricultural uses are only one source, may be an exception. This may explain recent policy decisions to tighten regulation of nutrients in water resources. However, uncertainty about nutrient damages hinders design of an efficient policy to deal with nutrients. JF - Review of Agricultural Economics AU - Smith, ME AU - Lewandrowski, J K AU - Uri, N D AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 313 EP - 325 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 1058-7195, 1058-7195 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Human Population; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Residues KW - Environmental impact KW - Environmental health KW - Water resources KW - Nutrients KW - Water quality KW - Agrochemicals KW - Water pollution KW - Public health KW - Contaminants KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 330:Environmental Law, Regulations & Policy KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19923386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Agricultural+Chemical+Residues+as+a+Source+of+Risk&rft.au=Smith%2C+ME%3BLewandrowski%2C+J+K%3BUri%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Review+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=10587195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental impact; Water resources; Nutrients; Contaminants; Water pollution; Public health; Risk assessment; Residues; Environmental health; Water quality; Agrochemicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf Water Relations and Sapflow in Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) Trees Planted for Phytoremediation of a Groundwater Pollutant AN - 19912589; 4746639 AB - Plants that remediate groundwater pollutants may offer a feasible alternative to the traditional and more expensive practices. Because its success depends on water use, this approach requires a complete understanding of species-specific transpiration patterns. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify tree and stand-level transpiration in two age classes (whips and 1-year-old seedlings) of eastern cottonwoods (Populus deltoides Bartr.), and (2) to determine climatic and physiological driving variables at the Carswell Air Force Base in central Texas, USA. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was detected in shallow (2 to 3 m) groundwater in the early 1980s. Cottonwood whips and 1-year-old potted seedlings were planted in two separate 0.15-ha plantations in spring 1996. Sapflow gauges determined sapflow on 14 to 16 trees in May, June, July, August, and October 1997. Without adjusting for differences in tree size, sapflow rates were greater for 1-year-old trees than whips (peak values were 0.75 and 0.53 kg hr super(-1) tree super(-1), respectively). When adjusted for tree size, the pattern reversed, with whips having significantly greater sapflow rates than 1-year-old trees (peak values were 0.053 and 0.045 kg cm super(-2) hr super(-1), respectively). Temporal variation (diurnal and seasonal) in sapflow rates was principally related to VPD, solar radiation, and leaf conductance. Extrapolating to the stand and across the growing season, the plantations transpired similar to 25 cm of water. Early attainment of high levels of transpiration indicates that the stands will transpire considerably more water as leaf area and root exploitation increases with stand development. JF - International Journal of Phytoremediation AU - Vose, J M AU - Swank, W T AU - Harvey, G J AU - Clinton, B D AU - Sobek, C AD - USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 53 EP - 73 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1522-6514, 1522-6514 KW - Eastern cottonwood KW - Plains cottonwood KW - Trichloroethylene KW - USA, Texas KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bioremediation KW - Trees KW - Physiology KW - Freshwater KW - plantations KW - Water relations KW - Phytoremediation KW - phytoremediation KW - Seasonal variations KW - Data Collections KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Diurnal variations KW - Leaf area KW - Plant Physiology KW - Conductance KW - Leaves KW - Transpiration KW - Water use KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Seedlings KW - Groundwater KW - Age KW - Roots KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Solar radiation KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Pollutants KW - Water pollution treatment KW - water relations KW - Ground water KW - Populus deltoides KW - water use KW - Temporal variations KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Solvents KW - Plantations KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Plant physiology KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19912589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.atitle=Leaf+Water+Relations+and+Sapflow+in+Eastern+Cottonwood+%28Populus+deltoides+Bartr.%29+Trees+Planted+for+Phytoremediation+of+a+Groundwater+Pollutant&rft.au=Vose%2C+J+M%3BSwank%2C+W+T%3BHarvey%2C+G+J%3BClinton%2C+B+D%3BSobek%2C+C&rft.aulast=Vose&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.issn=15226514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioremediation; Water pollution treatment; Plant physiology; Groundwater pollution; Transpiration; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Leaf area; Age; Trees; Conductance; Temporal variations; Leaves; Roots; Solar radiation; Plantations; Water use; Pollutants; Water relations; Ground water; Seedlings; Trichloroethylene; phytoremediation; water use; Diurnal variations; Physiology; Climate; Solvents; plantations; Sulfur dioxide; Phytoremediation; water relations; Groundwater; Seasonal variations; Plant Physiology; Climates; Groundwater Pollution; Temporal Distribution; Data Collections; Populus deltoides; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residential Expansion as a Continental Threat to U.S. Coastal Ecosystems AN - 19769670; 5141875 AB - Spatially extensive analysis of satellite, climate, & census data reveals human-environment interactions of regional or continental concern in the US. A grid-based principal components analysis of Bureau of Census variables revealed two independent demographic phenomena: alpha-settlement, reflecting traditional human settlement patterns; & beta-settlement, describing relative population growth correlated with recent construction in nonagricultural areas, notably in coastal, desert, & "recreational" counties & around expanding metropolitan areas. Regression tree analysis showed that beta-settlement was differentially associated with five distinct combinations of seasonality, summer heat or cool, intensity of agriculture, & extent of "barren" land. Beta-settlement was greatest in coastal & desert areas, & coincided with national concentrations of threatened & endangered species. 5 Tables, 6 Figures, 104 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Population and Environment AU - Bartlett, JHG AU - Mageean, D M AU - O'Connor, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, Raleigh, NC Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 429 EP - 468 VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0199-0039, 0199-0039 KW - Settlement Patterns KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Agriculture KW - Environmental degradation KW - Coastal environments KW - Human settlements KW - Population growth KW - Climate KW - Demography KW - Human ecology KW - USA KW - Deserts KW - Endangered species KW - Census KW - Population-environment relations KW - Seasonal variations KW - Urban environments KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 110:Population-Environment Relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19769670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Residential+Expansion+as+a+Continental+Threat+to+U.S.+Coastal+Ecosystems&rft.au=Bartlett%2C+JHG%3BMageean%2C+D+M%3BO%27Connor%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=JHG&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Population+and+Environment&rft.issn=01990039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Population growth; Population-environment relations; Human ecology; Human settlements; Environmental degradation; Coastal environments; Seasonal variations; Climate; Census; Demography; Urban environments; Deserts; Agriculture; Endangered species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape-Ecological Planning LANDEP and the Possibilities of Applying its Methods in the Environmental Assessment of Policies, Plans and Programs AN - 19262223; 5826453 AB - Landscape-ecological planning LANDEP which has been elaborated in the Slovak Republic (Ruzicka, Miklos, 1982b, 1990) is a broadly drafted synthesis of knowledge of the potential possibilities of ecologically optimum landscape utilization from the viewpoint of purposeful forming the conditions for the conservation and development of healthy populations of organisms and man and for the development of human society. The application of LANDEP has at present wide possibilities--particularly for the needs of land-use planning, agriculture and other areas of societal life. On the basis of LANDEP methods, further landscape-ecological and environmental methodological approaches have been worked out--e.g. the evaluation of landscape carrying capacity (Hrnciarova et al., 1997) and methods for the environmental impact assessment process (Kozova et al., 1995, 1996, 1999). The paper depicts the nature and potential benefits of the strategic environmental assessment of policies, plans and programmes and the possibilities for the utilization of landscape-ecological methods, primarily in the framework of regional environmental assessment. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Kozova, M AD - Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University, Mlynska dolina, B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, kozova@nic.fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 33 EP - 40 PB - Slovak Academic Press Ltd. VL - 19 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Slovakia KW - Planning KW - Government policy KW - Methodology KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19262223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Landscape-Ecological+Planning+LANDEP+and+the+Possibilities+of+Applying+its+Methods+in+the+Environmental+Assessment+of+Policies%2C+Plans+and+Programs&rft.au=Kozova%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kozova&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Slovakia; Planning; Methodology; Government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - THE IMPACT OF THE FOOD QUALITY PROTECTION ACT ON THE FUTURE OF PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT. AN - 1859363050; 11701855 AB - The Food Quality Protection Act mandates new considerations in pesticide regulatory decisions. Endocrine disruption, determination of the need for an additional safety factor for infants and children, aggregate exposure to each pesticide, and cumulative exposure to pesticides with a common mechanism of toxicity will all become part of the risk assessment process. A reduction in availability of fungicides for many current uses appears to be a likely result of this act. If this occurs, disease management programs, particularly in fruits and vegetables, will be challenged to find alternative approaches. Currently, fungicides play an important role in many production systems. Loss of these valuable pest management tools will contribute to increased costs for producers and consumers, as well as to complex issues facing the structure of agriculture in the United States. JF - Annual review of phytopathology AU - Ragsdale, Nancy N. AD - National Program Staff, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-5140; e-mail: nnr@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 577 EP - 596 VL - 38 SN - 0066-4286, 0066-4286 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859363050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+phytopathology&rft.atitle=THE+IMPACT+OF+THE+FOOD+QUALITY+PROTECTION+ACT+ON+THE+FUTURE+OF+PLANT+DISEASE+MANAGEMENT.&rft.au=Ragsdale%2C+Nancy+N.&rft.aulast=Ragsdale&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+phytopathology&rft.issn=00664286&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2001-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil aggregate stabilization by a saprophytic lignin-decomposing basidiomycete fungus I. Microbiological aspects AN - 18278583; 5327651 AB - We studied the effects of a saprophytic lignin-decomposing basidiomycete isolated from plant litter on soil aggregation and stabilization. The basidiomycete produced large quantities of extracellular materials that bind soil particles into aggregates. These binding agents are water-insoluble and heat-resistant. Water stability of aggregates amended with the fungus and the degrees of biodegradation of the binding agents by native soil microorganisms were determined by the wet-sieving method. The data demonstrated that aggregates supplemented with a source of C (millet or lentil straw) were much more water-stable and resisted microbial decomposition longer than when they were prepared with fungal homogenates alone. Moreover, retrieval of fungal-amended aggregates supplemented with millet during the first 4 weeks of incubation in natural soil exhibited more large aggregate fractions (>2 mm) than the ones supplemented with lentil straw. The possible relationship of the role of basidiomycetes in litter decomposition and soil aggregation is discussed. JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils AU - Caesar-TonThat, T-C AU - Cochran, V L AD - USDA/ARS, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Sidney, MT 59270, USA, caesart@sidney.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 374 EP - 380 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0178-2762, 0178-2762 KW - aggregation KW - stabilization KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Decomposition KW - Soil microorganisms KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18278583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.atitle=Soil+aggregate+stabilization+by+a+saprophytic+lignin-decomposing+basidiomycete+fungus+I.+Microbiological+aspects&rft.au=Caesar-TonThat%2C+T-C%3BCochran%2C+V+L&rft.aulast=Caesar-TonThat&rft.aufirst=T-C&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.issn=01782762&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Decomposition; Soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the impact of Diplocardia ornata on physical and chemical properties of compacted forest soil in microcosms AN - 18197026; 5223258 AB - The influence of compaction on Diplocardia ornata (Smith) burrowing and casting activities, soil aggregation, and nutrient changes in a forest soil were investigated using pot microcosms. Treatments included two levels each of compaction, organic matter, and earthworms. Both burrowing and casting activities were more abundant in uncompacted soil than in compacted soil. Bulk density decreased in microcosms of compacted soil containing D. ornata from 1.76 g cm super(-3) to 1.49 g cm super(-3) over the study period. The overall percent of aggregates in the same size classes in compacted soil was less than the percent of aggregates in uncompacted soil. The mean percent of aggregates in earthworm casts for size classes 0.25-1.00 mm was higher for compacted soil than for uncompacted soil. The reverse was true for aggregates in class sizes 2.00-4.00 mm. Soil compaction also affected soil microbial biomass carbon and soil inorganic N concentrations. These results indicate that the burrowing and casting activities of earthworms in compacted forest soils, as in soils of agricultural and pastured lands, can help ameliorate disturbed soils by improving aggregation, reducing bulk density, and increasing nutrient availability. JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils AU - Ponder, F Jr AU - Li, F AU - Jordan, D AU - Berry, E C AD - 208 Foster Hall USDA Forest Service, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, MO 65102, USA, fponder@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 166 EP - 172 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0178-2762, 0178-2762 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Soil KW - Soil properties KW - Forests KW - Microcosms KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Diplocardia ornata KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18197026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+impact+of+Diplocardia+ornata+on+physical+and+chemical+properties+of+compacted+forest+soil+in+microcosms&rft.au=Ponder%2C+F+Jr%3BLi%2C+F%3BJordan%2C+D%3BBerry%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Ponder&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.issn=01782762&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diplocardia ornata; Soil; Soil microorganisms; Forests; Microcosms; Soil properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do User Fees Exclude Low-income People from Resource-based Recreation? AN - 18149897; 4855626 AB - A mail survey of New Hampshire and Vermont households shows that although user fees are widely accepted, they may substantially reduce participation in resource-based recreation by those earning less than $30,000 per year. For example, 23% of low-income respondents indicated that they had either reduced use or gone elsewhere as a result of recent fee increases, while only 11% of high-income users had made such changes. A conjoint analysis also suggests that low-income respondents are much more responsive to access fees than high-income respondents. And we find that a $5 daily fee for use of public lands would affect about 49% of low-income people as compared to 33% of high-income respondents. We conclude that potential impacts of this magnitude highlight several critical problems in the design of recreation fee programs. JF - Journal of Leisure Research AU - More, T AU - Stevens, T AD - USDA Forest Service, PO Box 968, Burlington, VT 05402, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 341 EP - 357 VL - 32 IS - 3 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Recreation (fees) KW - Home KW - Salaries KW - Recreation (participation) KW - PE 040:Sports & Athletics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18149897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Leisure+Research&rft.atitle=Do+User+Fees+Exclude+Low-income+People+from+Resource-based+Recreation%3F&rft.au=More%2C+T%3BStevens%2C+T&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Leisure+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Home; Salaries; Recreation (fees); Recreation (participation) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transfection of Lymantria dispar insect cell lines AN - 18084790; 5170062 AB - Lepidopteran cell lines derived from the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, have not been widely used in protein expression studies or systems because they are weakly adherent, have specific growth requirements and characteristics, and are generally difficult to transfect. Using lipid-mediated transfection of a reporter plasmid, we modify the standard method for transfection of L. dispar-derived embryonic cell lines IPLB-LdEp and -LdEIta, obtaining transfection efficiencies of 34% and 30%, respectively, as determined by image analysis assays. Using the standard lipid-mediated method, we obtain transfection efficiencies for L. dispar-derived cell line IPLB-Ld652Y of at least 40% with high mean expression levels, indicating the IPLB-Ld652Y cell line may be a superior choice for expression studies or systems requiring L. dispar-derived cells. JF - Methods in Cell Science AU - Gundersen-Rindal, D AU - Slack, J M AU - Lynn, DE AD - US Department of Agriculture, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Bldg 011A, Rm 214, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, gundersd@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 257 EP - 263 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 1381-5741, 1381-5741 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Gypsy Moth KW - insect cells KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Protein biosynthesis KW - Transfection KW - Cell lines KW - Plasmids KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - W2 32230:New cell lines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18084790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+Cell+Science&rft.atitle=Transfection+of+Lymantria+dispar+insect+cell+lines&rft.au=Gundersen-Rindal%2C+D%3BSlack%2C+J+M%3BLynn%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Gundersen-Rindal&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+Cell+Science&rft.issn=13815741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Cell lines; Plasmids; Transfection; Protein biosynthesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of a passive tracking index for monitoring wild canids and associated species AN - 17901568; 5142869 AB - Population density estimates for many animal species are often difficult or expensive to obtain, and they rely on assumptions that, if violated, result in unmeasurable estimation errors. Density estimates also may be unnecessary for research or management purposes, because an index that tracks changes in a population within appropriate time and geographic constraints could provide the information necessary to make management decisions or to evaluate the impact of a control program. We review research on a passive tracking index where observations are made on a series of tracking plots placed on lightly used dirt roads. The number of sets of tracks (individual intrusions) are recorded for each species of interest on each plot on consecutive days. The mean number of intrusions over the plots is calculated for each day for each species. The index is the mean of the daily means. These design and measurement methods present valuable advantages over most traditional tracking plot methods. Because no scents or baits are used as attractants, no conditioning of animals to the plots biases the results. This also permits multiple species, predator and prey alike, to be simultaneously monitored. Using the number of animal intrusions as observations produces results that are far more sensitive to change than tracking surveys where only presence or absence of spoor are recorded for each plot. Of particular importance, the statistical properties inherent to this data structure permit calculation of standard errors, confidence intervals and statistical tests, without subjectively subdividing the data. JF - Integrated Pest Management Review AU - Engeman, R M AU - Allen, L AD - USDA/Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA, richard.m.engeman@usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 197 EP - 203 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1353-5226, 1353-5226 KW - Dogs KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Counting methods KW - Population density KW - Canidae KW - Tracking KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17901568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Integrated+Pest+Management+Review&rft.atitle=Overview+of+a+passive+tracking+index+for+monitoring+wild+canids+and+associated+species&rft.au=Engeman%2C+R+M%3BAllen%2C+L&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Integrated+Pest+Management+Review&rft.issn=13535226&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canidae; Population density; Tracking; Counting methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing Flux Monitoring and Mass Balance in a Box Lysimeter Experiment AN - 17893990; 5125003 AB - Direct measures of soil-surface respiration are needed to evaluate belowground biological processes, forest productivity, and ecosystem responses to global change. Although infra-red gas analyzer (IRGA) methods track reference CO sub(2) flows in lab studies, questions remain for extrapolating IRGA methods to field conditions. We constructed 10 box lysimeters with homogenized mixtures of sandy loam and cattle manure and kept them free of plants to create a range of CO sub(2) fluxes. Infra-red gas analyzer measurements, applied biweekly, were then compared to mass balance-based measures of changes in soil C over 8 mo. The CO sub(2) fluxes measured with IRGA were not significantly different (P < 0.05) from the mass balance measure in 9 of the 10 boxes. The only statistically significant difference was in the lysimeter with the highest initial C content; this box had elevated soil temperatures early in the trial, suggesting a composting effect that may have interfered with IRGA measures. Variations in the mass balance estimates were higher than expected, demonstrating how difficult establishing a true reference in field studies is. We conclude that fluxes of CO sub(2) from soils can be monitored with an IRGA-based chamber system in the field to produce reliable estimates of cumulative C loss. Such field measures will likely be much more variable than laboratory measures, however, and thus will require extensive sampling. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Nay, S M AU - Bormann, B T AD - USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, mark.nay@orst.edu Y1 - 2000///0, PY - 2000 DA - 0, 2000 SP - 943 EP - 948 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Carbon KW - Respiration KW - Soil Temperature KW - Lysimeters KW - Soil Properties KW - Sampling KW - Productivity KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17893990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Comparing+Flux+Monitoring+and+Mass+Balance+in+a+Box+Lysimeter+Experiment&rft.au=Nay%2C+S+M%3BBormann%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Nay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Respiration; Soil Temperature; Lysimeters; Sampling; Soil Properties; Productivity; Carbon Dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil pH Affects Copper Fractionation and Phytotoxicity AN - 17893678; 5125004 AB - Phytotoxicity of copper (Cu) depends on the relative distribution of different chemical forms, which is a function of soil properties, such as soil pH and organic matter content. Sequential fractionation was conducted to partition the total Cu into exchangeable, sorbed, organically bound, precipitate, and residual forms. Three soils were sampled from existing citrus groves and 0 to 400 mg Cu kg super(-1) were added. The soils used were: Myakka fine sand (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Aeric Haplaquods; pH = 5.7), Candler fine sand (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments; pH = 6.5), and Oldsmar fine sand (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Alfic Arenic Haplaquods; pH = 8.2). Phytotoxicity of added Cu was evaluated using citrus rootstock (Swingle citrumelo) seedlings grown for 330 d. In Cu-unamended soils, the major portion of the total Cu was in the organically bound form in the low pH soils. However, in the high pH soil, the precipitate form was the dominant form. As the rate of Cu increased, the concentration of the readily soluble Cu forms (exchangeable + sorbed forms) increased in the low pH soils, that is, from 0.8 to 89.5 mg kg super(-1) (8.4-25.3% of total Cu) in the Myakka soil, and from 2.2 to 70.3 mg kg super(- 1) (3.1-20.3% of total Cu) in the Candler soil. In the high pH Oldsmar soil, however, the concentration of readily soluble Cu forms increased only from 1.1 to 5.3 mg kg super(-1). In relation to the total Cu content this was equivalent to a decrease from 5.2 to 1.5%. The citrus seedling growth was negatively correlated with Cu concentrations in the readily soluble forms and positively correlated with those of the precipitate form. A 20% decrease in the top and root weights occurred at 2.5 mg kg super(-1) of readily soluble Cu in the Candler soil (pH = 6.5). The critical concentration was lower (1.7 mg kg super(-1)) for root growth on the Myakka soil (pH = 5.7). The critical Cu concentration in the leaves varied from 60 to 68 mg kg super(-1), while that in the roots was 62 mg kg super(-1) in the Myakka soil, but increased to 270 mg kg super(-1) in the Candler soil. This study demonstrated that the readily soluble form of Cu is the most phytotoxic, and an increase in the precipitate form is, thus, responsible for a reduction in Cu phytotoxicity. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Alva, A K AU - Huang, B AU - Paramasivam, S AD - USDA-ARS-PWA, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350, USA, aalva@tricity.wsu.edu Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 955 EP - 962 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Fractionation KW - Phytotoxicity KW - pH KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17893678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+pH+Affects+Copper+Fractionation+and+Phytotoxicity&rft.au=Alva%2C+A+K%3BHuang%2C+B%3BParamasivam%2C+S&rft.aulast=Alva&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=955&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pH; Phytotoxicity; Soil; Fractionation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Prediction of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity with the Mualem-van Genuchten Model AN - 17893600; 5125000 AB - In many vadose zone hydrological studies, it is imperative that the soil's unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is known. Frequently, the Mualem-van Genuchten model (MVG) is used for this purpose because it allows prediction of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity from water retention parameters. For this and similar equations, it is often assumed that a measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sub(s)) can be used as a matching point (K sub(o)) while a factor S super(L) sub(e) is used to account for pore connectivity and tortuosity (where S sub(e) is the relative saturation and L = 0.5). We used a data set of 235 soil samples with retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity data to test and improve predictions with the MVG equation. The standard practice of using K sub(o) = K sub(s) and L = 0.5 resulted in a root mean square error for log(K) (RMSE sub(K)) of 1.31. Optimization of the matching point (K sub(o)) and L to the hydraulic conductivity data yielded a RMSE sub(K) of 0.41. The fitted K sub(o) were, on average, about one order of magnitude smaller than measured K sub(s). Furthermore, L was predominantly negative, casting doubt that the MVG can be interpreted in a physical way. Spearman rank correlations showed that both K sub(o) and L were related to van Genuchten water retention parameters and neural network analyses confirmed that K sub(o) and L could indeed be predicted in this way. The corresponding RMSE sub(K) was 0.84, which was half an order of magnitude better than the traditional MVG model. Bulk density and textural parameters were poor predictors while addition of K sub(s) improved the RMSE sub(K) only marginally. Bootstrap analysis showed that the uncertainty in predicted unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was about one order of magnitude near saturation and larger at lower water contents. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Schaap, M G AU - Leij, F J AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, mschaap@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000///0, PY - 2000 DA - 0, 2000 SP - 843 EP - 851 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Porosity KW - Hydrology KW - Soil Properties KW - Saturation KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Vadose Water KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17893600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Improved+Prediction+of+Unsaturated+Hydraulic+Conductivity+with+the+Mualem-van+Genuchten+Model&rft.au=Schaap%2C+M+G%3BLeij%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Porosity; Hydrology; Soil Properties; Saturation; Vadose Water; Permeability Coefficient ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standardizing the evaluation of brown tree snake trap designs AN - 17892575; 5142870 AB - The introduced brown tree snake has had devastating impacts on the native vertebrate fauna of Guam. Trapping is the primary means by which brown tree snakes are removed, either in support of reintroduction of endangered species or to deter their movement from Guam in cargo. Traps used to control brown tree snake populations have been continually evolving since the 1980s. Before general operational implementation of a new design, the efficacy of new trap developments must be demonstrated. In this paper we combine the current knowledge about brown tree snake control objectives and practicalities, the information gained from a variety of brown tree snake trapping studies over the years, and fundamental statistical principles and methods to standardize procedures for testing developments in brown tree snake traps. JF - Integrated Pest Management Review AU - Engeman, R M AU - Vice, D S AD - USDA/Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA, richard.m.engeman@usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 205 EP - 212 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1353-5226, 1353-5226 KW - Brown tree snake KW - Guam KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Control programs KW - Boiga irregularis KW - Traps KW - Introduced species KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17892575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Integrated+Pest+Management+Review&rft.atitle=Standardizing+the+evaluation+of+brown+tree+snake+trap+designs&rft.au=Engeman%2C+R+M%3BVice%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Integrated+Pest+Management+Review&rft.issn=13535226&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1011324229980 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boiga irregularis; Traps; Introduced species; Control programs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011324229980 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment and remediation of soils contaminated by mining and smelting of lead, zinc and cadmium AN - 17891137; 5120166 AB - Mining and smelting of Pb, Zn and Cd ores have caused widespread soil contamination in many countries. In locations with severe soil contamination, and strongly acidic soil or mine waste, ecosystems are devastated. Research has shown that Zn phytotoxicity, Pb-induced phosphate deficiency, Cd risk through uptake by rice or tobacco, and Pb risk to children, livestock or wildlife which ingest soil are the common adverse environmental effects at such contaminated sites. Improved understandings of soil metal risks to the environment have been developed which examine risk to all possible exposed organisms through soil, plants, animals, or water exposures. This review summarizes present information about soil Cd risk to food-chains, explaining that when Cd is present at the usual 0.005-to-0.02 ratio to Zn in the contaminated soil, only rice and tobacco allow Cd to be transferred from the soil in amounts which can harm humans over their lifetime. Zn inhibits plant uptake of Cd, and inhibits intestinal absorption of Cd, protecting animals from Cd in most situations. Pb risk to children or other highly exposed organisms results from ingestion of the contaminated soil, and absorption of Pb from the soil into the blood where adverse health effects occur at 10-to-15 mu g Pb/dL blood. Soil Pb has much lower bioavailability than water Pb, and if ingested with food has even lower bioavailability. Research has shown that if high phosphate levels are added to Pb contaminated soils, an extremely insoluble Pb compound - chloropyromorphite - is formed in soils from all known chemical species of Pb which occur in contaminated soils. It had earlier been learned that adding adsorbents and phosphate to Pb contaminated soils inhibited Pb uptake by crops, and combined with the evidence that these materials could reduce the bioavailability of soil Pb to children, feeding tests were conducted with rats and pigs in several laboratories. A new approach to remediation of severely disturbed Pb/Zn/Cd contaminated soils has been developed which uses mixtures of limestone equivalent from industrial byproducts such as woodash (to make soil calcareous and prevent Zn phytotoxicity), phosphate and Fe from biosolids and byproducts (to precipitate Pb and with Fe, increase Pb, Zn and Cd adsorption), organic-N from biosolids and manures and other beneficial components which correct the infertility of contaminated and eroded soils. Highly effective revegetation has resulted at four field test locations where this approach was tested, Palmerton, PA; Katowice, Poland; Bunker Hill, ID; and Leadville, CO. All plants tested were readily grown on the amended soil even with soil contained over 1% Zn and 1% Pb. Plant analysis indicates that these plants may be consumed safely by wildlife and livestock, although soil ingestion should be minimized at such sites. The potential use of metal hyperaccumulator plants to phytoextract soil metals is a new method of remediation under development. Combining improved cultivars of these accumulator plants, agronomic management practices to maximize yield and metal accumulation, burning the biomass to generate power, and recovery of metals from the ash appear to offer an economic technology compared to soil removal and replacement. Although mining and smelting contamination has caused severe environmental harm in many locations, these methods of soil metal remediation allow effective and persistent remediation at low cost, and should be applied to prevent further dispersal of the contaminated soil materials at many locations. JF - Revista Internacional de Contaminacion Ambiental AU - Chaney, R L AU - Brown, S L AU - Stuczynski, TI AU - Daniels, W L AU - Henry, CL AU - Li, Y-M AU - Siebielec, G AU - Malik, M AU - Angle, J S AU - Ryan, JA AU - Compton, H AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Bldg. 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, Rchaney@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 175 EP - 192 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0188-4999, 0188-4999 KW - remediation KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Heavy metals KW - Lead KW - Public health KW - Cadmium KW - Smelting KW - Soil contamination KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Phytotoxicity KW - Mining KW - Risk assessment KW - Zinc KW - Smelters KW - Soil pollution KW - Reviews KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17891137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Internacional+de+Contaminacion+Ambiental&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+and+remediation+of+soils+contaminated+by+mining+and+smelting+of+lead%2C+zinc+and+cadmium&rft.au=Chaney%2C+R+L%3BBrown%2C+S+L%3BStuczynski%2C+TI%3BDaniels%2C+W+L%3BHenry%2C+CL%3BLi%2C+Y-M%3BSiebielec%2C+G%3BMalik%2C+M%3BAngle%2C+J+S%3BRyan%2C+JA%3BCompton%2C+H&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+Internacional+de+Contaminacion+Ambiental&rft.issn=01884999&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil contamination; Soil remediation; Heavy metals; Zinc; Cadmium; Lead; Mining; Smelting; Phytotoxicity; Public health; Ecosystem disturbance; Reviews; Risk assessment; Soil pollution; Smelters ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection: Temporal and Quantitative Relationships among Colonization, Toxin Production, and Systemic Disease AN - 17890199; 5166957 AB - Edema disease, a naturally occurring disease of swine caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), was used as a model for the sequence of events that occur in the pathogenesis of STEC infection. The mean time from production of levels of Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e) detectable in the feces (day 1) to the onset of clinical disease (neurologic disturbances or death) was 5 days (range, 3-9). Bacterial colonization and titers of Stx2e in the ileum peaked at 4 days after inoculation in pigs without signs of clinical disease and at 6 days after inoculation in clinically affected pigs. Animals with the greatest risk of progressing to clinical disease tended to have the highest fecal toxin titers ( greater than or equal to 1: 4096). Stx2e was detected in the red cell fraction from blood of some pigs showing clinical signs of edema disease but was not detected in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Cornick, NA AU - Matise, I AU - Samuel, JE AU - Bosworth, B T AU - Moon, H W AD - Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Iowa State University, and Enteric Diseases and Food Safety Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Ames, Iowa, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 242 EP - 251 VL - 181 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - pigs KW - Stx2e toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Colonization KW - Escherichia coli KW - Edema KW - Shiga toxin KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17890199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Shiga+Toxin-Producing+Escherichia+coli+Infection%3A+Temporal+and+Quantitative+Relationships+among+Colonization%2C+Toxin+Production%2C+and+Systemic+Disease&rft.au=Cornick%2C+NA%3BMatise%2C+I%3BSamuel%2C+JE%3BBosworth%2C+B+T%3BMoon%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Cornick&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Shiga toxin; Edema; Colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microhabitat characteristics of sites used by swamp rabbits AN - 17875915; 5117648 AB - The swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus) is one of the least studied North American lagomorphs; a better understanding of the habitat types it uses will improve management of this species. We studied microhabitat characteristics of sites associated with specific behaviors of the swamp rabbit. During spring-summer (15 April-1 October) and fall-winter (1 October-15 April) we examined sites used by rabbits for fecal deposition, browsing, and daytime resting. Sites were located in 3 different macrohabitats (mixed pine-hardwood upland forest, mature bottomland forest, and cut-over bottomland forest). We compared the microhabitat characteristics of these sites to the same measurements from a random sample of plots using logistic regression in each macrohabitat and season. Sites used for fecal deposition were distinguishable from random points based on the presence of downed logs, closed canopies, and greater basal area. Browse sites could not be predicted in 3 of the 5 combinations of season and macrohabitat. Additionally, we did not observe consistent relationships with microhabitat characteristics for browsing as each of the significant models included different predictive variables. Daytime resting sites were distinguishable from random points based on positive associations with percentage of the ground covered by shrubs and downed treetops, as well as herbaceous vegetation and negative associations with canopy closure and basal area. These results demonstrate for swamp rabbits that microhabitat features of a forest, such as canopy gaps, may be associated positively with certain activities and associated negatively with other behaviors. This implies that microhabitat analyses for swamp rabbits and possibly other wildlife species can be improved by stratifying observations according to activity or specific behaviors prior to analysis. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Zollner, P A AU - Smith, W P AU - Brennan, LA AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA, pzollner@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 1003 EP - 1011 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Swamp rabbit KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Defecation KW - Browsing KW - Forests KW - Habitat utilization KW - Resting behavior KW - Sylvilagus aquaticus KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17875915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Microhabitat+characteristics+of+sites+used+by+swamp+rabbits&rft.au=Zollner%2C+P+A%3BSmith%2C+W+P%3BBrennan%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Zollner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1003&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sylvilagus aquaticus; Habitat utilization; Defecation; Browsing; Resting behavior; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Territorial significance of home range estimators for coyotes AN - 17873689; 5117640 AB - Many home range estimators are available, but few studies have examined the biological significance of mathematically described land-use patterns. We directly observed coyotes (Canis latrans) in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming to produce home range estimates using the harmonic mean, adaptive kernel, and minimum convex polygon methods. We compared estimated home ranges of 8 coyotes to their observed territories for 2 packs during 3 years of observation. Based on analysis of individual coyotes, the 94%, 93%, and 96% contours best fit territorial delineation for the adaptive kernel, harmonic mean, and minimum convex polygon estimators, respectively. All estimators were able to fit home range contours to an actual territory, but differences in home range fit were apparent. Using analyses based on packs, the 94%, 94%, and 96% contours best fit the territorial boundaries for the adaptive kernel, harmonic mean, and minimum convex polygon estimators, respectively. Our inferences to other species and radiotelemetry data are limited, and we encourage further biological testing of mathematically devised behavioral measures. Because the minimum convex polygon best fit territorial boundaries in 4 out of 5 territorial observations, and because of its intuitive simplicity, we suggest that the 96% minimum convex polygon may be most appropriate to describe coyote home ranges relative to territory in similar studies. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Shivik, JA AU - Gese, E M AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Ft. Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA, john.shivik@usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 940 EP - 946 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Coyote KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - National parks KW - Habitat utilization KW - Home range KW - Canis latrans KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17873689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Territorial+significance+of+home+range+estimators+for+coyotes&rft.au=Shivik%2C+JA%3BGese%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Shivik&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=940&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis latrans; Home range; Habitat utilization; National parks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions Between American Pondweed and Monoecious Hydrilla Grown in Mixtures AN - 17869272; 4882807 AB - To assess the potential for monoecious hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) to invade existing aquatic plant communities, monoecious hydrilla was grown in mixtures with American pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus Poiret). When grown with hydrilla from axillary turions, American pondweed was a stronger competitor. When grown with hydrilla from tubers, American pondweed was equally as strong a competitor as hydrilla. In these eight-week long greenhouse and outdoor experiments, American pondweed grew taller than hydrilla, produced floating leaves, and produced more vegetative propagules. Results of an additional outdoor experiment indicated that hydrilla plants from axillary turions grew and successfully produced new tubers in an existing American pondweed bed. Hydrilla produced twice as many tubers as American pondweed produced winter buds in this experiment. These results are based on hydrilla plants grown from smaller or larger than average size tubers and turions, and American pondweed grown from smaller than average or average size winter buds. The results indicate the strong competitive ability of hydrilla since hydrilla from small propagules coexisted with American pondweed from larger propagules. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Weed Science Program, Robins Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 5 EP - 13 VL - 38 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Aquatic plants KW - Weed Control KW - Freshwater KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Freshwater weeds KW - Phytosociology KW - Lakes KW - Aquatic Plants KW - Plant control KW - Potamogeton nodosus KW - Turions KW - Ecosystem management KW - Introduced species KW - Plant populations KW - Environment management KW - Competition KW - Populations KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17869272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Interactions+Between+American+Pondweed+and+Monoecious+Hydrilla+Grown+in+Mixtures&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant control; Ecosystem management; Aquatic plants; Turions; Plant populations; Introduced species; Competition; Environment management; Phytosociology; Freshwater weeds; Lakes; Aquatic Plants; Weed Control; Populations; Potamogeton nodosus; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What causes outbreaks of the gypsy moth in North America? AN - 17867046; 5110061 AB - The gypsy moth has been present in North America for more than 100 years, and in many of the areas where it has become established outbreaks occur with varying degrees of periodicity. There also exists extensive spatial synchrony in the onset of outbreaks over large geographic regions. Density-dependent mortality clearly limits high-density populations, but there is little evidence for strong regulation of low-density populations. Predation by small mammals appears to be the major source of mortality affecting low-density populations, but because these are generalist predators and gypsy moths are a less preferred food item, mammals do not appear to regulate populations in a density-dependent fashion. Instead, predation levels appear to be primarily determined by small mammal abundance, which is in turn closely linked to the production of acorns that are a major source of food for overwintering predator populations. Mast production by host oak trees is typically variable among years, but considerable spatial synchrony in masting exists over large geographic areas. Thus, it appears that the temporal and spatial patterns of mast production may be responsible for the episodic and spatially synchronous behavior of gypsy moth outbreaks in North America. This multitrophic relationship among mast, predators, and gypsy moths represents a very different explanation of forest insect outbreak dynamics than the more widely applied theories based upon predator-prey cycles or feedbacks with host foliage quality. JF - Population Ecology AU - Liebhold, A AU - Elkinton, J AU - Williams, D AU - Muzika, R-M AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, aliebhold@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 257 EP - 266 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 1438-3896, 1438-3896 KW - Gypsy Moth KW - North America KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Trees KW - Density dependence KW - Predation KW - Population dynamics KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Lymantriidae KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17867046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Ecology&rft.atitle=What+causes+outbreaks+of+the+gypsy+moth+in+North+America%3F&rft.au=Liebhold%2C+A%3BElkinton%2C+J%3BWilliams%2C+D%3BMuzika%2C+R-M&rft.aulast=Liebhold&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Population+Ecology&rft.issn=14383896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantriidae; Lymantria dispar; Pest outbreaks; Density dependence; Population dynamics; Mortality; Predation; Trees ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population dynamics of forest-defoliating insects. Are population cycles and spatial synchrony a universal characteristic of forest insect populations? AN - 17864828; 5110056 AB - Foliage-feeding forest insects have served as model systems in the study of animal populations for more than 50 years. Early studies emphasized identification of "key" mortality agents or density-dependent sources of mortality. However, these efforts became burdened by rhetorical ambiguity, and population ecologists are increasingly focusing on characterizing population behavior and identifying the processes that generate that behavior. Two types of behavior seem to be common in forest insect populations: periodic oscillations ("population cycles") and spatial synchrony (synchronous fluctuations over large geographic areas). Several population processes (e.g., host-pathogen interactions) have been demonstrated to be capable of producing periodic oscillations, but the precise identity of these processes remains uncertain for most forest insects and presents a challenge to future research. As part of these efforts, a greater emphasis is needed on the use of statistical methods for detecting periodic behavior and for identifying other types of population behavior (e.g., equilibrium dynamics, limit cycles, transient dynamics). Spatial synchrony appears to be even more ubiquitous in forest insect populations. Dispersal and regional stochasticity ("Moran effect") have been shown to be capable of producing synchrony, but again more research is needed to determine the relative contribution of these processes to synchrony observed in natural populations. In addition, there is a need to search for other types of time-space patterns (e.g., traveling waves, spiral waves) in forest insect populations and to determine their causes. JF - Population Ecology AU - Liebhold, A AU - Kamata, N AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, aliebhold@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 205 EP - 209 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 1438-3896, 1438-3896 KW - Insecta KW - Insects KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Herbivores KW - Synchronization KW - Forests KW - Population dynamics KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17864828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Ecology&rft.atitle=Population+dynamics+of+forest-defoliating+insects.+Are+population+cycles+and+spatial+synchrony+a+universal+characteristic+of+forest+insect+populations%3F&rft.au=Liebhold%2C+A%3BKamata%2C+N&rft.aulast=Liebhold&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Population+Ecology&rft.issn=14383896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; Population dynamics; Forests; Herbivores; Synchronization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal variations of precipitation of the nine climate divisions of Oklahoma, and implications for local use of the regional index TT - Variations spatiales et temporelles des precipitations des neuf division climatiques de l'Oklahoma et implications pour l'utilisation locale de l'indice regional AN - 17838633; 4870424 AB - The objective of this study is to quantify the magnitude of the spatial variations of the monthly precipitation and relate them to the regional temporal variations of the monthly precipitation at the spatial scale of the climate division of Oklahoma. The precipitation variations within a climate division are assumed to consist of three components: the systematic spatial variations, the mean temporal variations of the climate division, and random variations. The systematic spatial variations are defined with the long-term precipitation gradient. The mean temporal variations of the climate division are represented by the temporal variations of the spatial average of the precipitation observed at the stations included in the climate division; this average is called divisional precipitation. The random variations are estimated with the differences between the standardized values of station and divisional precipitation. This study shows that the magnitude of the random variations of the monthly precipitation of the nine climate divisions of Oklahoma is significant compared to the regional temporal variations. The quantification of the magnitude of the random variations is critical for the use of regional precipitation forecasts, because it allows one to define ranges of local precipitation around the divisional precipitation, and then to quantify the increase of the risk taken by local users of the regional precipitation forecasts. JF - Revue des Sciences de l'Eau/Journal of Water Science AU - Rossel, F AU - Garbrecht, J AD - USDA-ARS, 8 rue des lezards, 37600 Loches, France, rossel_frederic@hotmail.com Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 175 EP - 183 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0992-7158, 0992-7158 KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Regional Analysis KW - Precipitation (Atmospheric) KW - Local Precipitation KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Precipitation KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Time dependent KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Forecasting KW - Temporal Distribution KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17838633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+des+Sciences+de+l%27Eau%2FJournal+of+Water+Science&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+variations+of+precipitation+of+the+nine+climate+divisions+of+Oklahoma%2C+and+implications+for+local+use+of+the+regional+index&rft.au=Rossel%2C+F%3BGarbrecht%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rossel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+des+Sciences+de+l%27Eau%2FJournal+of+Water+Science&rft.issn=09927158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - French DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Time dependent; Precipitation (Atmospheric); Distribution (Mathematical); Climate; Forecasting; Regional Analysis; Local Precipitation; Climates; Precipitation; Spatial Distribution; Temporal Distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoextraction of Soil Cobalt Using Hyperaccumulator Plants AN - 17836140; 4870563 AB - A greenhouse study was conducted on phytoextraction of cobalt by nickel hyperaccumulators Alyssum murale and Alyssum corsicum and by two varieties of cobalt accumulator Nyssa sylvatica compared with the nonmetal accumulator crop plant Brassica juncea. The plants were grown on Sassafras sandy loam soil (<2 mg Co and 5 mg Ni/kg dry soil), amended with 1 mmol Co/kg dry soil (58.9 mg/kg), and two Ni smelter-contaminated soils, Quarry muck with 24 mg Co and 1720 mg Ni/kg dry soil and Welland loam with 37 mg Co and 2570 mg Ni/kg dry soil. All soils were adjusted to pH 6.5 to prevent Ni phytotoxicity. Of the five plant entries tested in the study, the two Alyssum species demonstrated the most promising Co phytoextraction results. In Co-amended Sassafras soil, the maximum concentration accumulated by Alyssum murale was 1320 mg Co/kg dry weight, which was almost 60 times higher than accumulation by crop plant Brassica juncea. At a single harvest after 60 days of growth, A. murale was able to extract more than 3% of Co from Co-amended soil. As expected, both Alyssum species accumulated up to 1% Ni on dry weight basis when grown on Ni-contaminated soils. Nyssa sylvatica showed considerable Co accumulation; foliar Co concentration in the second harvest was as high as 800 mg/kg dry weight. The first few leaves that emerged were chlorotic, both in the Co-amended soil and Ni-contaminated soils, but with growth the signs of toxicity disappeared. In the Co amended soil, Co concentration in Nyssa sylvatica leaves was 30% of that found in shoots of Alyssum species, but an order of magnitude higher than that of Brassica juncea. The leaves accumulated a higher concentration compared with the stems. Both Alyssum species and Nyssa sylvatica offer promise for phytoextraction of Co and super(60)Co from contaminated or mineralized soils. JF - International Journal of Phytoremediation AU - Malik, M AU - Chaney, R L AU - Brewer, E P AU - Li, Yin-Ming AU - Angle, J S AD - Department of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, malikm@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 319 EP - 329 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1522-6514, 1522-6514 KW - Black gum KW - Alyssum corsicum KW - Alyssum murale KW - cobalt KW - nickel KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Contamination KW - Soil contamination KW - Nyssa sylvatica KW - Mineralization KW - Crops KW - Soil pollution KW - Brassica juncea KW - Phytoremediation KW - Cobalt KW - Plant extracts KW - pH effects KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17836140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.atitle=Phytoextraction+of+Soil+Cobalt+Using+Hyperaccumulator+Plants&rft.au=Malik%2C+M%3BChaney%2C+R+L%3BBrewer%2C+E+P%3BLi%2C+Yin-Ming%3BAngle%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.issn=15226514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nyssa sylvatica; Brassica juncea; Alyssum corsicum; Mineralization; Soil contamination; Cobalt; Soil remediation; Phytoremediation; Plant extracts; Soil pollution; Crops; Contamination; pH effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation between oxalic acid production and copper tolerance in Wolfiporia cocos AN - 17820370; 4857197 AB - The increased interest in copper-based wood preservatives has hastened the need for understanding why some fungi are able to attack copper-treated wood. Due in part to accumulation of oxalic acid by brown-rot fungi and visualization of copper oxalate crystals in wood decayed by known copper-tolerant decay fungi, oxalic acid has been implicated in copper tolerance by the formation of copper oxalate crystals. Nineteen isolates of the brown-rot fungus Wolfiporia cocos were evaluated for oxalic acid production and weight loss on wood treated with 1.2% copper citrate. Twelve of 19 isolates that caused moderate to high weight losses in copper citrate-treated wood produced low oxalic acid in liquid culture, whereas isolates with high oxalic acid production had low weight losses in treated wood. Seven W. cocos isolates demonstrated enhanced weight loss in Cu-treated wood. Wood weight loss was unaffected by the presence of copper citrate for two W. cocos isolates and weight loss was lower for 10 isolates compared to weight losses in untreated wood. Citrate did not significantly influence oxalic acid production in liquid culture. Previous hypotheses linking oxalic acid and copper tolerance were based upon observations of single isolates of Postia and Tyromyces. Although most isolates produced more oxalic acid in copper citrate-treated wood than in untreated wood, we found no statistical relationship between the amount of oxalic acid production in liquid culture or wood and copper tolerance in W. cocos. Production of oxalic acid does not seem to be the factor controlling copper tolerance in W. cocos. The diversity seen within W. cocos demonstrates that caution should be used when reporting results, so that generalizations are not based on the behavior of a single isolate. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Clausen, CA AU - Green, F III AU - Woodward, B M AU - Evans, J W AU - DeGroot, R C AD - US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 69 EP - 76 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - oxalic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Antifungal agents KW - Wolfiporia cocos KW - Wood KW - Copper KW - Preservatives KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17820370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Correlation+between+oxalic+acid+production+and+copper+tolerance+in+Wolfiporia+cocos&rft.au=Clausen%2C+CA%3BGreen%2C+F+III%3BWoodward%2C+B+M%3BEvans%2C+J+W%3BDeGroot%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Environmental Biotransformation of Wastes and Materials. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wolfiporia cocos; Copper; Preservatives; Wood; Antifungal agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of decay fungi using cotton cellulose hydrolysis as a model for wood decay AN - 17817443; 4857198 AB - Environmental pressures to replace chromium and arsenic in fixed waterborne preservatives have been increasing. Potential inhibitors of brown-, white- and soft-rot fungi need to be evaluated as alternative preservatives by screening and testing in, in vitro, model systems. This paper reports the inhibition of cellulose depolymerization and weight loss of selected decay fungi by 11 chemical compounds. The ability to depolymerize carbohydrate polymers is analogous to strength loss of wood which can occur independently of utilization (weight loss). Cotton cellulose was pretreated with 1% solutions of compounds selected for their unique ability to stain wood components, dye cellulose or to act as a scavenger of active oxygen species. Cotton cellulose was exposed to three brown-rot fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum MAD-617; Postia placenta MAD-698 and Tyromyces palustris TYP-6137) and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor MAD-697. After 12 weeks exposure to the fungi in modified soil-block tests, cotton samples were removed and tested for weight loss, reduction in degree of polymerization (DP) and elemental analysis by inductive coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. Only two compounds tested (NHA and ruthenium red) inhibited weight loss for all fungi tested. The remaining compounds were selective in their ability to prevent weight loss or inhibit reduction in DP. In general, antioxidants were only effective against brown-rot fungi. Independent mechanisms of cellulose hydrolysis by brown- and white-rot fungi demonstrates one problem inherent in development of target specific wood preservatives not evident in preservatives containing broad-spectrum biocides, i.e. different mechanisms require different inhibitors. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Green, F III AD - USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 77 EP - 82 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - cellulose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biodegradation KW - Fungicides KW - Wood KW - Decay fungi KW - Decay KW - Models KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17817443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+decay+fungi+using+cotton+cellulose+hydrolysis+as+a+model+for+wood+decay&rft.au=Green%2C+F+III&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Environmental Biotransformation of Wastes and Materials. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wood; Decay; Fungicides; Models; Biodegradation; Decay fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management and disposal of waste chemicals by incineration AN - 17811063; 4853943 AB - Waste chemicals produced predominantly by textile industry and stored as unuseful waste for decades are disposed by thermal treatment. Because basic matrices of waste chemicals consist of printing colour residues and organic pigments, their disposal by incineration is decisive. Pilot tests with the charging dose of 40 kg of waste mixture per hour were carried out in order to evaluate their combustion efficiency and to analyse the content of waste chemicals and flue gases before their combustion on an industrial scale. Final, commercial disposal of the waste was carried out in pyrolytic combustion chamber equipped with alkaline scrubber and electrostatic dust separator. JF - Environment Protection Engineering AU - Chmielewska, E AD - Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Chmielewska@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 103 EP - 110 IS - 1-2 SN - 0324-8828, 0324-8828 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Incineration KW - Combustion products KW - Chemical wastes KW - Flue gas KW - Waste disposal KW - Textile industry wastes KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17811063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+Protection+Engineering&rft.atitle=Management+and+disposal+of+waste+chemicals+by+incineration&rft.au=Chmielewska%2C+E&rft.aulast=Chmielewska&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+Protection+Engineering&rft.issn=03248828&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Incineration; Combustion products; Flue gas; Chemical wastes; Waste disposal; Textile industry wastes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The flow of incoming nectar through a honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony as revealed by a protein marker AN - 17782147; 4830726 AB - The flow of incoming nectar in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies was simulated by feeding a sucrose solution labeled with a novel protein (rabbit IgG) marker and then analyzing bee and colony samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The labeled sucrose solution was quickly transported to food storage and brood combs. Within 2 h, equal percentages of worker bees from food storage combs, nurse bees and nectar samples tested positive for the marker. Percentages of nurse bees and larvae testing positive also were equal within the first 2 h of feeding it to a colony and these percentages increased over time. Our results suggest that workers with nectar loads deposit them into cells on either food storage or brood comb with equal frequency. The labeled sucrose solution transported to the brood comb is subsequently used by nurse bees to feed larvae. How the deposition of incoming nectar in brood comb might possibly integrate the activities of foragers and nurse bees is discussed. JF - Insectes Sociaux AU - DeGrandi-Hoffman, G AU - Hagler, J AD - Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA, gdhoff@aol.com Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 302 EP - 306 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0020-1812, 0020-1812 KW - Honey bee KW - Bumble bees KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Beehives KW - Apis mellifera KW - Nectar KW - Protein composition KW - Apidae KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17782147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insectes+Sociaux&rft.atitle=The+flow+of+incoming+nectar+through+a+honey+bee+%28Apis+mellifera+L.%29+colony+as+revealed+by+a+protein+marker&rft.au=DeGrandi-Hoffman%2C+G%3BHagler%2C+J&rft.aulast=DeGrandi-Hoffman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insectes+Sociaux&rft.issn=00201812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Protein composition; Nectar; Beehives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adequacy of roost locations for defining buffers around Mexican spotted owl nests AN - 17778463; 4823771 AB - Current guidelines to conserve Mexican spotted owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) require delineation of a 40-ha buffer around a nest prior to thinning and burning near the nest site. Because Mexican spotted owl nests can be difficult to find, we evaluated using roost locations to delineate protective buffers. We analyzed the distances between roost and nest locations of individual owls documented during 1990-1996 in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, and tested the ability of local resource managers to delineate protective buffers using information associated with roost locations. In 3 scenarios used to delineate buffers around locations of roosting adult or subadult spotted owls, a circular, 40-ha buffer excluded known nests in 27%-82% of territories examined (n=26-34). In contrast, all nests (n=22) were included in 40-ha circular buffers delineated around locations of juvenile spotted owls that were observed prior to 1 August of the same year that a nest was observed. Our test of resource managers showed that maps depicting spotted owl roost locations, topography, vegetation type, and density of trees >45 cm dbh could be used to delineate ecologically shaped buffers ( similar to 40 ha) that included at least one nest/territory 93% of the time (median, n=6 managers) and 83% of all nests (median, n=6 managers) observed in a territory. A minimum of 4 years of surveys with one or more roost observations would be required to correctly buffer one or more nests in a territory 97% of the time and 6 years of surveys would be required to protect 95% of all nests. These findings will aid those planning management activities that require buffers designed to conserve nesting habitat of Mexican spotted owls. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Ward, JP Jr AU - Salas, D AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, c/o 1101 New York Ave., Alamogordo, NM 88310, USA, pward/r3_lincoln@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 688 EP - 698 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - Strix occidentalis lucida KW - Conservation KW - Nests KW - Roosts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17778463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Adequacy+of+roost+locations+for+defining+buffers+around+Mexican+spotted+owl+nests&rft.au=Ward%2C+JP+Jr%3BSalas%2C+D&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=JP&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=688&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strix occidentalis lucida; Roosts; Nests; Conservation; Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest management strategy, spatial heterogeneity, and winter birds in Washington AN - 17775449; 4823765 AB - Ecological management of second-growth forest holds great promise for conservation of biodiversity, yet little experimental evidence exists to compare alternative management approaches. Wintering birds are one of several groups of species most likely to be influenced by forest management activities. We compared species richness and proportion of stand area used over time by wintering birds in 16 second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands to determine the effects of management strategy and experimental variable-density thinnings. Management strategies were retaining legacies (large live, dead, and fallen trees from the previous old-growth stand) with long rotations and managing for high-quality timber with multiple thinnings and removal of defective trees. Experimental thinnings were designed to reduce inter-tree competition and monopolization of light, moisture, and nutrients by trees at the expense of other growth forms; reproduce the within-stand spatial heterogeneity found in old-growth forests; and accelerate development of habitat breadth. Proportion of area used and species richness increased with experimental thinnings. Two of the 8 most common winter species increased their use of experimentally thinned stands. No species exhibited greater use of unthinned, competitive-exclusion-stage stands over thinned stands. Variable-density thinnings, in conjunction with other conservation measures (legacy retention, decadence management, and long rotations), should provide habitat for abundant and diverse birds. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Haveri, BA AU - Carey, AB AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, 3625 93rd Ave. SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA, acarey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 643 EP - 652 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Douglas-fir KW - Birds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Thinning KW - Management KW - Spatial heterogeneity KW - Forests KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Habitat utilization KW - Species richness KW - Winter KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17775449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Forest+management+strategy%2C+spatial+heterogeneity%2C+and+winter+birds+in+Washington&rft.au=Haveri%2C+BA%3BCarey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Haveri&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=643&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; Aves; Winter; Management; Forests; Spatial heterogeneity; Species richness; Habitat utilization; Thinning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of tranquilizer trap devices (TTDs) for foothold traps used to capture gray wolves AN - 17775074; 4823738 AB - Humaneness is an important issue associated with using foothold traps. Gray wolves (Canis lupus) captured with foothold traps frequently incur injuries to their feet, legs, and teeth during struggles to escape. Using tranquilizer trap devices (TTDs) on foothold traps reduces such injuries to coyotes (C. latrans). We collected data from 112 wolves (91 adults and 21 pups) killed in depredation control efforts in Minnesota during 1996 to determine whether TTDs would improve humaneness by reducing severity of injuries incurred by wolves. We also assessed the effects TTDs might have on other species caught during wolf-capture efforts by examining 114 animals from 9 other species. Radiographs and necropsies of foot and leg injuries of 37 adult wolves captured in traps equipped with TTDs containing propiopromazine hydrochloride revealed a significant reduction in severity of injuries compared to those among 48 wolves caught in traps without propiopromazine. None of 42 nontarget individuals captured in traps equipped with TTDs containing propiopromazine hydrochloride died from drug overdoses and injuries to these animals were less severe than among animals caught in traps without TTDs containing tranquilizer. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Sahr, D P AU - Knowlton, F F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 34912 U.S. Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA, knowlton@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 597 EP - 605 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Gray wolf KW - Coyote KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Live capture KW - Traps KW - Canis latrans KW - Canis lupus KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17775074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+tranquilizer+trap+devices+%28TTDs%29+for+foothold+traps+used+to+capture+gray+wolves&rft.au=Sahr%2C+D+P%3BKnowlton%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Sahr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis lupus; Canis latrans; Traps; Live capture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary evaluation of new cable restraints to capture coyotes AN - 17772739; 4823739 AB - The need for alternative predator capture techniques is increasing, but currently available and tested animal capture technology is limited. To evaluate recently developed devices, we conducted a field study of 4 new types of coyote (Canis latrans) capture and restraint systems. We tested the Belisle super( registered ), Panda super( registered ), Collarum super( registered ), and the Wildlife Services systems to capture coyotes in south Texas during February 1998 and February 1999. We designed field work to determine capture efficiency and selectivity and performed whole-body necropsies to identify trap-related injuries. Results showed a final capture rate (coyote capture per capture opportunity) of 78% for the Belisle, 8.3% for the Panda, 41% for the Collarum, and 66% for the Wildlife Services system. Some of these prototype systems may cause fewer injuries than traditional capture methods but may not be as efficient as jawed traps. To meet or exceed guidelines of recently established international standards for humane trapping, 80% of captured animals cannot show injury indicators of poor welfare, but the Belisle, Wildlife Services, and Collarum devices did not cross this threshold (31%, 40%, 70%, respectively, did not show any indicators). We were not able to capture enough animals with the Panda to thoroughly evaluate the device for selectivity and injury. However, simple modifications and improvements are ongoing and are likely to result in versions of these devices with improved efficiency and fewer indicators of injury. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Shivik, JA AU - Gruver, K S AU - DeLiberto, T J AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, john.shivik@usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 606 EP - 613 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Coyote KW - USA, Texas KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Live capture KW - Traps KW - Predators KW - Canis latrans KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17772739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Preliminary+evaluation+of+new+cable+restraints+to+capture+coyotes&rft.au=Shivik%2C+JA%3BGruver%2C+K+S%3BDeLiberto%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Shivik&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=606&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis latrans; Traps; Predators; Live capture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constructed wetlands for mitigation of atrazine-associated agricultural runoff AN - 17759780; 4819262 AB - Atrazine was amended into constructed wetlands (59-73x14x0.3 m) for the purpose of monitoring transport and fate of the pesticide to obtain information necessary to provide future design parameters for constructed wetlands mitigation of agricultural runoff. Following pesticide amendment, a simulated storm and runoff event equal to three volume additions was imposed on each wetland. Targeted atrazine concentrations were 0 mu g/l (unamended control), 73 mu g/l, and 147 mu g/l. Water, sediment, and plant samples were collected weekly for 35 days from transects longitudinally distributed throughout each wetland and were analyzed for atrazine using gas chromatography. Between 17 and 42% of measured atrazine mass was within the first 30-36 m of wetlands. Atrazine was below detection limits (0.05 mu g/kg) in all sediment and plant samples collected throughout the duration of this study. Aqueous half lives ranged from 16 to 48 days. According to these data, conservative buffer travel distances of 100-280 m would be necessary for effective runoff mitigation. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Moore, M T AU - Rodgers, JH Jr AU - Cooper, C M AU - Smith, S Jr AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, 598 McElroy Drive, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, moore@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2000///0, PY - 2000 DA - 0, 2000 SP - 393 EP - 399 VL - 110 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - constructed wetlands KW - performance assessment KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Storm Runoff KW - Water sampling KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows) KW - Artificial Wetlands KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Wetlands KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Water Pollution Treatment KW - Pesticides (see also Bactericides, Weedkillers) KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Aquatic plants KW - Sediments KW - Atrazine KW - Pesticides KW - Runoff KW - Pollution control KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17759780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Constructed+wetlands+for+mitigation+of+atrazine-associated+agricultural+runoff&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+T%3BRodgers%2C+JH+Jr%3BCooper%2C+C+M%3BSmith%2C+S+Jr&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stormwater runoff; Water pollution treatment; Pesticides; Wetlands; Agricultural runoff; Pollution control; Water sampling; Atrazine; Aquatic plants; Sediments; Agricultural chemicals; Pesticides (see also Bactericides, Weedkillers); Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows); Runoff; Agricultural Runoff; Agricultural Chemicals; Storm Runoff; Water Pollution Treatment; Fate of Pollutants; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Artificial Wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoplasma: Phytopathogenic Mollicutes AN - 17737115; 4790091 AB - During the past decade, research has yielded new knowledge about the plant and insect host ranges, geographical distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of phytoplasmas, and a taxonomic system has emerged in which distinct phytoplasmas are named as separate "Candidatus phytoplasma species." In large part, this progress has resulted from the development and use of molecular methods to detect, identify, and classify phytoplasmas. While these advances continue, research has recently begun on the phytoplasma genome, how phytoplasmas cause disease, the role of mixed phytoplasmal infections in plant diseases, and molecular/genetic phenomena that underlie symptom development in plants. These and other recent advances are laying the foundation for future progress in understanding the mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, organization of the phytoplasma genome, evolution of new phytoplasma strains and emergence of new diseases, bases of insect transmissibility and specificity of transmission, and plant gene expression in response to phytoplasmal infection, as well as the design of novel approaches to achieve effective control of phytoplasmal diseases. JF - Annual Review of Microbiology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Davis, R E AU - Gundersen-Rindal, DE AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, and Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, imlee@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 221 EP - 255 VL - 54 SN - 0066-4227, 0066-4227 KW - pathogenesis KW - phytoplasma KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Geographical distribution KW - Plant diseases KW - Host range KW - Disease control KW - Disease transmission KW - Genes KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17737115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phytoplasma%3A+Phytopathogenic+Mollicutes&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BGundersen-Rindal%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Microbiology&rft.issn=00664227&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant diseases; Disease control; Host range; Geographical distribution; Disease transmission; Host-pathogen interactions; Genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis and improvement of a divisional monthly precipitation index for the southern Great Plains of the United-States AN - 17734194; 4795019 AB - The NCDC monthly precipitation index is computed as a simple average of the monthly precipitation at several stations within a climate division. The influences of the discontinuities in records used by NCDC are quantified for the central climate division of Oklahoma. An improvement of the calculation method is proposed. The number of stations used is fixed and the missing monthly data values are filled. The monthly averages of the absolute values of the differences between the two indices vary from 6% (May) to 13% (August) of the mean monthly precipitation and from 9% (November) to 24% (August) of their mean temporal variations. These values demonstrate that the discontinuities in station records of the NCDC divisional precipitation index can be relevant and that research results on regional precipitation variability should be interpreted with consideration of the approximation errors introduced. JF - Revue des Sciences de l'Eau/Journal of Water Science AU - Rossel, F AU - Garbrecht, J AD - GRL-ARS-USDA, 7207 West Cheyenne Street, El Reno, OK 73036, USA, rossel-frederic@hotmail.com Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 39 EP - 46 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0992-7158, 0992-7158 KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Precipitation (Atmospheric) KW - Rain Gages KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Precipitation KW - Data collections KW - Data Collections KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17734194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+des+Sciences+de+l%27Eau%2FJournal+of+Water+Science&rft.atitle=Analysis+and+improvement+of+a+divisional+monthly+precipitation+index+for+the+southern+Great+Plains+of+the+United-States&rft.au=Rossel%2C+F%3BGarbrecht%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rossel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+des+Sciences+de+l%27Eau%2FJournal+of+Water+Science&rft.issn=09927158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - French DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Precipitation (Atmospheric); Climate; Data collections; Meteorological Data Collection; Rain Gages; Climates; Precipitation; Data Collections ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting the detection of elf owls and western screech owls AN - 17734075; 4787093 AB - Although elf owls (Micrathene whitneyi) and western screech owls (Otus kennicottii) are of management interest because of their potential to serve as barometers of environmental change, factors affecting the detection of these species have not been quantified. We conducted point counts for elf owls and western screech owls from 1994 to 1996 in the Sonoran Desert, southwestern Arizona. We assessed whether owls were more detectable when broadcasts were used than when they were not, and how temporal, lunar, weather, and biological variables affected detection rates. We assessed factors that potentially varied within a night (weather, time, presence of other owls) separately from those that did not vary within a night (date, moon phase). Elf owls and western screech owls were more likely (P0.40). Controlling for moon phase and date, elf owls were most frequently detected during calm (wind <5 mph), moonlit conditions. Increased detection rates of western screech owls were associated with decreased wind speed, temperature, and cloud cover. We recommend that conspecific broadcasts be used during surveys to increase detection rates for both species. Elf owls should be surveyed during the late advertising period between the first-quarter and third-quarter moon. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Hardy, P C AU - Morrison, M L AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Plumas National Forest, P. O. Box 4276, Quincy, CA 95971, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 333 EP - 342 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Elf owl KW - USA, Arizona KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Micrathene whitneyi KW - Otus kennicottii KW - Census KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17734075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+the+detection+of+elf+owls+and+western+screech+owls&rft.au=Hardy%2C+P+C%3BMorrison%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Micrathene whitneyi; Otus kennicottii; Methodology; Census ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regeneration of azo-dye-saturated cellulosic anion exchange resin by Burkholderia cepacia anaerobic dye reduction AN - 17731815; 4818297 AB - The feasibility of regenerating azo-dye saturated ion-exchange resin using microbial azo-reductase activity instead of chemical reductants was investigated. Anaerobic suspensions of Burkholderia cepacia were evaluated for their ability to reduce 2 monoazo dyes, Orange II and hydrolysed Remazol Red F3B. Neither dye was reduced by B. cepacia under aerobic conditions. In the presence of the redox mediator anthraquinone-2-sulphonate (AQS), both dyes were reduced at similar rates. The reduction rate increased with increasing AQS concentration, B. cepacia concentration and temperature. AQS conveyed electrons between the bacterial membrane and dye in solution at some distance from the cell. A low redox potential was obtained in the incubation medium. Increasing the AQS concentration increased the final redox potential. The results suggested that microbial production of reducing equivalents could be uncoupled, in space and time, from the dye reduction process. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Laszlo, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Peoria, Ill. Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 167 EP - 172 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Anthraquinone-2-sulphonate KW - F3b KW - Media KW - Reduction KW - Remazol KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Aerobic conditions KW - Anions KW - Determination KW - Atomic particles KW - Cellulose KW - Incubation KW - Mediation KW - Colour KW - Conveyance KW - Suspensions KW - Time (see also Period of time) KW - Micro-organisms KW - Bacteria KW - Anaerobically KW - Membranes KW - Azo dyes KW - Temperature KW - Saturation KW - Hydrolysis KW - USA KW - Regeneration (see also Reactivation) KW - Activity KW - Dyes KW - Reduction (Chemical) KW - Resins (Ion exchange) KW - Oxidation-reduction potential KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17731815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Regeneration+of+azo-dye-saturated+cellulosic+anion+exchange+resin+by+Burkholderia+cepacia+anaerobic+dye+reduction&rft.au=Laszlo%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Laszlo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Anions; Aerobic conditions; Determination; Cellulose; Atomic particles; Incubation; Mediation; Colour; Conveyance; Suspensions; Time (see also Period of time); Bacteria; Micro-organisms; Anaerobically; Membranes; Azo dyes; Temperature; Saturation; Hydrolysis; Regeneration (see also Reactivation); Activity; Dyes; Reduction (Chemical); Resins (Ion exchange); Oxidation-reduction potential; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Winter flocking of insectivorous birds in montane pine-oak forests in Middle America AN - 17731719; 4790172 AB - We studied mixed-species insectivorous bird flocks in pine-oak forests in Middle America during three winter seasons to determine whether patterns of flock structure and dynamics were similar to those reported from other tropical sites. We also analyzed patterns of association among bird species, as well as their foraging behavior and the vegetation characteristics associated with birds in flocks. We encountered 333 flocks containing 144 species, of which 26 species had adequate sample sizes for analyses. The size and rate of movement of the flocks were similar to those reported from other Neotropical sites, however, the species richness of our flocks was lower than reported in most other studies, perhaps due to simpler vegetation structure or higher latitude. Only 3 of 50 significant correlations between species pairs were negative, indicating that species generally were not restricted in their participation in mixed-species flocks by other species. In only one instance did we observe correspondence between the association of species-pairs in flocks and their foraging behavior. For most species there was no relationship between association between species-pairs in flocks and vegetation parameters with which they were associated. Thus, additional factors besides foraging facilitation and mutual association with particular vegetation characteristics must be responsible for many of the positive correlations among species pairs. We suggest that non-random association among species within flocks may result in part from enhanced vigilance for predator detection afforded by flock members using similar parts of the environment at the same time. JF - Condor AU - King, DI AU - Rappole, J H AD - USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, seiurus@yahoo.com Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 664 EP - 672 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Birds KW - USA KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Flocking behavior KW - Forests KW - Winter KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25456:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17731719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Winter+flocking+of+insectivorous+birds+in+montane+pine-oak+forests+in+Middle+America&rft.au=King%2C+DI%3BRappole%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=DI&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=664&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Winter; Flocking behavior; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution, Ecology and Behavior of Anochetus kempfi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Description of the Sexual Forms AN - 17731711; 4804410 AB - The ponerine, Anochetus kempfi Brown, is a cryptic nocturnal ant, widely distributed in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. It is found in various habitats ranging from dry forest to rain forest. Males and the ergatoid queens are here described and illustrated for the first time. Mature colonies contain about 100 workers and may include several queens. We have observed males flying every month except March. In artificial nests we have observed that workers execute excess queens and males which do not depart from the nest within a short time following eclosion. These executions appear to be mechanisms to enforce outbreeding in the case of males, or to force emigration of excess queens to establish new colonies. Few queens are produced and this could be related to local resource competition. Permanent egg carrying by workers occurs in this species, a behavior not previously observed for any ant species. JF - Sociobiology AU - Torres, JA AU - Snelling, R R AU - Jones, TH AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-2500, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 505 EP - 516 PB - California State University VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0361-6525, 0361-6525 KW - Males KW - Queens KW - Ants KW - Puerto Rico KW - Virgin Is. KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Social organization KW - Biogeography KW - Formicidae KW - Forests KW - Anochetus kempfi KW - Colonies KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17731711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociobiology&rft.atitle=Distribution%2C+Ecology+and+Behavior+of+Anochetus+kempfi+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+and+Description+of+the+Sexual+Forms&rft.au=Torres%2C+JA%3BSnelling%2C+R+R%3BJones%2C+TH&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sociobiology&rft.issn=03616525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anochetus kempfi; Formicidae; Biogeography; Colonies; Forests; Social organization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resting and Denning Sites of American Martens in Northeastern Oregon AN - 17731519; 4787001 AB - Resting and denning sites of the American marten (Martes americana) are important habitat components because they provide protection from predators, inclement weather, and thermal stress. Resting sites (n = 1184) used by 35 radiocollared martens were in trees with natural platforms (43%), in trees with cavities (23%), subnivean (under snow) (23%), in hollow logs or slash piles (7%), and underground (3%). Thirty natal and post-natal dens were in trees with cavities (40%), in hollow logs (37%), underground (17%), and in slash piles (6%). Resting and denning sites in cavities and hollow logs were typically large-diameter structures with extensive heartwood decay that had created hollow chambers. The majority of platforms used as resting sites were formed by broom rust (Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli and Melampsorella caryophyllacearum) and dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.). Incorporating habitat needs of martens in forest management practices by retaining coarse woody debris and trees with brooms is one component necessary for maintaining viable populations of the species. JF - Northwest Science AU - Bull, EL AU - Heater, T W AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 179 EP - 185 VL - 74 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - American Marten KW - USA, Oregon KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Denning behavior KW - Forests KW - Habitat preferences KW - Resting behavior KW - Martes americana KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25933:Resting behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17731519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Resting+and+Denning+Sites+of+American+Martens+in+Northeastern+Oregon&rft.au=Bull%2C+EL%3BHeater%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Martes americana; Resting behavior; Denning behavior; Habitat preferences; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insertion sequence in bacteria from the genus Acetobacter and in other bacteria used in food technology AN - 17728872; 4788963 AB - Current information shows that insertion sequences are present in bacteria used in biotechnology and in the food technology. In this paper basic information about insertion sequences present in Acetobacter, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus bacterial cells is presented. JF - Bulletin Potravinarskeho Vyskumu/Bulletin of Food Research AU - Grones, J AU - Macor, M AD - Katedra molekularnej biologie, Prirodovedecka fakulta, Univerzita Komenskeho, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, grones@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 117 EP - 133 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0231-9950, 0231-9950 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Lactobacillus KW - Food industry KW - Lactococcus KW - Insertion sequences KW - Acetobacter KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17728872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+Potravinarskeho+Vyskumu%2FBulletin+of+Food+Research&rft.atitle=Insertion+sequence+in+bacteria+from+the+genus+Acetobacter+and+in+other+bacteria+used+in+food+technology&rft.au=Grones%2C+J%3BMacor%2C+M&rft.aulast=Grones&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+Potravinarskeho+Vyskumu%2FBulletin+of+Food+Research&rft.issn=02319950&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acetobacter; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus; Insertion sequences; Food industry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A fluorescent antibody assay for hyphae and glomalin from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AN - 17726108; 4794654 AB - Studies on the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in soil have been aided by the use of a monoclonal antibody that detects a molecule common to all isolates of these fungi studied to date. The molecule, glomalin, is a glycoprotein that forms on hyphae, but apparently sloughs off and adheres to soil particles or imbedded plastic mesh. An indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assay is described for detection of glomalin on hyphae attached to roots, in roots, on hyphae traps and on the surface of soil aggregates. Small sieves are used to process hyphae attached to roots and soil aggregates. Glomalin on hyphae and glomalin attached to plastic or nylon are assayed on a 1 cm super(2) section of meshes. Examples of IF assay results are shown and discussed. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Wright, S F AD - Soil Microbial Systems Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, swright@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 171 EP - 177 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 226 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - glomalin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bioassays KW - Fluorescent antibody test KW - Hyphae KW - Immunoassays KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17726108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=A+fluorescent+antibody+assay+for+hyphae+and+glomalin+from+arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungi&rft.au=Wright%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioassays; Immunoassays; Fluorescent antibody test; Hyphae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of sampling design on age ratios of migrants captured at stopover sites AN - 17724869; 4790180 AB - Age classes of migrant songbirds often differ in migration timing. This difference creates the potential for age-ratios recorded at stopover sites to vary with the amount and distribution of sampling effort used. To test for these biases, we sub-sampled migrant capture data from the Middle Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico. We created data sets that reflected the age ratios of migrants that would have been captured with stratified and concentrated designs at four levels of mist-netting effort. Analysis of these data indicate that age-ratios of Neotropical migrants varied significantly with sampling design, but not with sampling effort. More after-hatch-year Neotropical migrants were captured with stratified than with concentrated sampling designs. Age-ratio of temperate migrants did not vary with either amount of sampling effort or sampling design. Sampling design is an important consideration in the interpretation of age ratios among stopover sites, and standardization of sampling among sites could improve our understanding of differential migration of age classes. JF - Condor AU - Kelly, J F AU - Finch, D M AD - USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA, jfkelly@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 699 EP - 702 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Birds KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Age composition KW - Year class KW - Migrations KW - Sampling KW - Biological age KW - Biological sampling KW - Migration KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25656:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17724869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Effects+of+sampling+design+on+age+ratios+of+migrants+captured+at+stopover+sites&rft.au=Kelly%2C+J+F%3BFinch%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age composition; Migrations; Year class; Biological age; Biological sampling; Sampling; Migration; Aves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of in vitro methods to study carbon uptake and transport by AM fungi AN - 17723168; 4794665 AB - Just as multi-compartmented root chambers have advantages over standard plastic pots for the study of nutrient uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] fungi in soil, so the split-plate in vitro system has advantages over the standard dual culture system for the study of the physiology of AM fungi. We used the split-plate culture system of Ri T-DNA transformed Daucus carota L. roots and Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, in which only the fungus has access to the distal compartment, to study the ability of germ tubes and extraradical and intraradical hyphae to take up super(13)C-labeled substrates. Labeled substrates were added to one side of the plate divider and plates were incubated for 8 weeks while the fungus proliferated on the side from which the root was excluded. Tissues then were recovered from the plate and examined via NMR spectroscopy. Results showed that the morphological phases of the fungus differed in their ability to take up these substrates, most notably that intraradical hyphae take up hexose while extraradical hyphae cannot. In addition, NMR studies indicated that intraradical hyphae actively synthesized lipids while extraradical hyphae did not. These data show that eventual axenic culture of AM fungi is more than a matter of finding the proper substrate for growth. Genetic regulation must be overcome to make extraradical hyphae behave like intraradical hyphae in terms of C uptake and metabolism. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Douds Jr, DD AU - Pfeffer, P E AU - Shachar-Hill, Y AD - USDA-ARS ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 255 EP - 261 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 226 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - uptake KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - carbon transport KW - hexose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Lipids KW - Hyphae KW - Roots KW - Germ tubes KW - Daucus carota KW - Glomus intraradices KW - Culture systems KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17723168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Application+of+in+vitro+methods+to+study+carbon+uptake+and+transport+by+AM+fungi&rft.au=Douds+Jr%2C+DD%3BPfeffer%2C+P+E%3BShachar-Hill%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Douds+Jr&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Daucus carota; Glomus intraradices; Lipids; Germ tubes; Roots; Hyphae; Culture systems; Mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Putative sites for nutrient uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AN - 17721083; 4794666 AB - Nutrition of the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is addressed from a fungal point of view. Intraradical and extraradical structures proposed as preferential sites for nutrient acquisition in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are considered, and their main features compared. This comparison includes the formation and function of branched structures (either intra- or extraradical) as putative nutrient uptake sites with unique morphological and physiological features in the AM fungal colony. The morphology and functioning of these structures are further affected by intra- or extraradical environmental factors. A model is presented which portrays the intrinsic developmental and physiological duality of the AM fungus. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Bago, B AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, ARS-USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA., bbago@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 263 EP - 274 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 226 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - transport KW - uptake sites KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Nutrients KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza KW - K 03074:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17721083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Putative+sites+for+nutrient+uptake+in+arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungi&rft.au=Bago%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bago&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nutrients; Mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic and mercury concentrations in major landscape components of an intensively cultivated watershed AN - 17717408; 4787118 AB - To provide an understanding of arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in soil, sediment, water, and fish tissues, samples were collected from a Mississippi River alluvial floodplain located in northwest Mississippi. As concentrations increased approximately an order of magnitude from water (5.12 mu g/l) to fish tissues (36.99 mu g/kg) and an additional two orders of magnitude in soils, lake sediments, and wetland sediments (5728, 5614, and 6746 mu g/kg), respectively. Average Hg concentrations in water, soils, lake sediments, and fish were 2.16 mu g/l, 55.1, 14.5 and 125 mu g/kg, respectively. As and Hg concentrations were within published ranges for uncontaminated soil, water, and sediments. As concentrations represented a low risk. Hg concentrations were also low but showed a greater tendency to concentrate in fish tissue. The dominant mode of entry of these materials into aquatic systems is through storm-generated runoff. Since both metals accompany sediments, agricultural conservation practices such as reduced tillage, buffer riparian strips, and bordering sediment ponds or drainage wetlands will minimize watershed input to aquatic systems. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Cooper, C M AU - Gillespie, WB Jr AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, 598 McElroy Drive, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, cooper@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 67 EP - 74 VL - 111 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - USA, Mississippi R. KW - freshwater fish KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Water Pollution KW - Aquatic organisms KW - USA, Mississippi, Mississippi R. KW - Watersheds KW - Pisces KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Catchment areas KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Mercury-197 KW - Wetlands KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Sediment pollution KW - Arsenic KW - Soil Contamination KW - Fish (see also Individual groups) KW - Contaminated sediments KW - Water pollution KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Flood plains KW - Pollution (Soil) KW - Mercury KW - Fish KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17717408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Arsenic+and+mercury+concentrations+in+major+landscape+components+of+an+intensively+cultivated+watershed&rft.au=Cooper%2C+C+M%3BGillespie%2C+WB+Jr&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2800%2900029-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Arsenic; Flood plains; Bioaccumulation; Stormwater runoff; Mercury; Watersheds; Agricultural runoff; Water pollution; Aquatic organisms; Catchment areas; Fish (see also Individual groups); Pollution (Soil); Wetlands; Mercury-197; Contaminated sediments; Pollution (Water); Runoff; Water Pollution; Soil Contamination; Sediment Contamination; Fish; Pisces; USA, Mississippi, Mississippi R. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00029-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wildlife hazard assessment for Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport AN - 17706570; 4778913 AB - We examined wildlife abundance, distribution, and movement patterns at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX) and within an 8-km radius to assess current air-strike hazards, and to provide baseline information for projecting changes in airstrike hazards as land-use patterns around PHX change. We found that water sources at or near PHX especially induced wildlife movement patterns that put air traffic at risk. This was particularly true of the Salt River bed adjacent to the airport, which also is a natural flight corridor for birds. Compounding the problem, air traffic at PHX was the heaviest when bird abundance and activity was the greatest during migration and breeding. We feel that air strike hazards at PHX are likely to increase substantially as the Salt River bed is reclaimed to produce additional lakes and high quality riparian habitat. We offer recommendations to reduce the hazard levels currently found at PHX and to reduce additional hazards as the habitat around PHX is converted and produces more attractive wildlife habitat. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Servoss, W AU - Engeman, R M AU - Fairaizl, S AU - Cummings, J L AU - Groninger, N P AD - USDA/APHIS/WS 2224 W. Desert Cove, #209, Phoenix, AZ 85029, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 111 EP - 127 VL - 45 IS - 3-4 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - USA, Arizona, Phoenix KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Wildlife KW - Airports KW - Habitat KW - Hazards KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - R2 23020:Technological risks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17706570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Wildlife+hazard+assessment+for+Phoenix+Sky+Harbor+International+Airport&rft.au=Servoss%2C+W%3BEngeman%2C+R+M%3BFairaizl%2C+S%3BCummings%2C+J+L%3BGroninger%2C+N+P&rft.aulast=Servoss&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Vertebrate Deteriogeus. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Habitat; Wildlife; Hazards; Airports; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Density of Freshly Fallen Snow in the Central Rocky Mountains AN - 17698953; 4776590 AB - New snow density distributions are presented for six measurement sites in the mountains of Colorado and Wyoming. Densities were computed from daily measurements of new snow depth and water equivalent from snow board cores. All data were measured once daily in wind-protected forest sites. Observed densities of freshly fallen snow ranged from 10 to 257 kg m super(-3). Average densities at each site based on four year's of daily observations ranged from 72 to 103 kg m super(-3). Seventy-two percent of all daily densities fell between 50 and 100 kg m super(-3). Approximately 5% of all daily snows had densities below 40 kg m super(-3). The highest frequency of low densities occurred at Steamboat Springs and Dry Lake. The relationship between air temperature and new snow density exhibited a decline of density with temperature with a correlation coefficient of 0.52. No obvious reversal toward higher densities occurred at cold temperatures, as some previous studies have reported. No clear relationship was found between snow density and the depth of new snowfalls. Correlations of daily densities between measurement sites decreased rapidly with increasing distance between sites. New snow densities are strongly influenced by orography, which contributes to density differences over short distances. JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society AU - Judson, A AU - Doesken, N AD - USDA Forest Service (retired), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 1577 EP - 1588 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0003-0007, 0003-0007 KW - USA, Colorado KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Air Temperature KW - Snow KW - Density KW - Snow-Water Equivalent KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17698953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.atitle=Density+of+Freshly+Fallen+Snow+in+the+Central+Rocky+Mountains&rft.au=Judson%2C+A%3BDoesken%2C+N&rft.aulast=Judson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.issn=00030007&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air Temperature; Snow; Density; Snow-Water Equivalent ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Hot Sauce registered as a repellent for forest mammals AN - 17693155; 4780522 AB - Foraging by forest mammals can be significantly detrimental to reforestation efforts. Repellents may offer a nonlethal solution for some situations. Hot Sauce registered animal repellent uses capsaicin, a trigeminal irritant that should be aversive to most mammals. We conducted a series of tests evaluating the impact of Hot Sauce on foraging by 5 species of forest mammals. In our first study, we examined its potential to reduce browsing by black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Damage to Western redcedar seedlings (Thuja plicata) was initially reduced with application of a 6.2% Hot Sauce solution, but efficacy began to decline after 2 weeks. Big Game Repellent Powder registered reduced deer damage to redcedar for the entire 6-week study (F greater than or equal to 143.9, P less than or equal to 0.01). Two-choice pen tests evaluated 0.06, 0.62, 3.1, and 6.2% Hot Sauce solutions as a repellent for pocket gopher (Thomomys mazama), porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), and mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa). Mountain beavers were not repelled by any concentration of Hot Sauce (F less than or equal to 1.94, P greater than or equal to 0.18). Pocket gophers were repelled moderately by the 0.62, 3.1, and 6.2% concentrations, but even the 6.2% solution rarely reduced consumption below 50% of the food available. Porcupine foraging was reduced >48% by all repellent concentrations (F greater than or equal to 7.08, P less than or equal to 0.04). Beavers (Castor canadensis) were not repelled consistently by Hot Sauce in multiple-choice tests of the 0.06, 0.62, and 6.2% solutions. Although Hot Sauce effectively repelled some species, at a cost of $12.25/gallon for the 6.2% repellent solution, it may not be cost-effective for most situations. Additionally, our data indicate there may be difficulties with product durability under field conditions. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Wagner, K K AU - Nolte, D L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Olympia Field Station, 9730 Lathrop Industrial Dr. SW, Suite B, Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 76 EP - 83 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Mule deer KW - Western redcedar KW - Porcupine KW - Mountain beaver KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Thuja plicata KW - Erethizon dorsatum KW - Repellents KW - Odocoileus hemionus KW - Aplodontia rufa KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17693155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Hot+Sauce+registered+as+a+repellent+for+forest+mammals&rft.au=Wagner%2C+K+K%3BNolte%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus hemionus; Thuja plicata; Erethizon dorsatum; Aplodontia rufa; Repellents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of lures and hair snares to detect lynx AN - 17692588; 4780528 AB - Resource managers lack an inexpensive and quantifiable method to detect lynx presence across large landscapes. We tested efficacy of a protocol based on hair snagging to detect presence of lynx (Lynx canadensis). We tested 2 key elements of the protocol: 1) a hairsnaring device and 2) commercial lures used to attract and elicit rubbing behavior in lynx. The commercial lures we tested included: 1) beaver (Castor canadensis) castoreum and catnip oil, 2) Cat Passion, 3) Pacific Call, 4) Hawbacker's Cat lure #1, and 5) BB1. To compare detection rates among lures, we randomly placed lures at scent stations along 78 transects; each transect contained all 5 lures. We detected lynx at 45% of transects, and detections varied significantly among lures ( chi sub(4) super(2)=13.4, P=0.009). Hair snares baited with castoreum and catnip oil were used significantly more than expected (P=0.002). The relatively high overall detection rate demonstrated that deploying an effective lure along transects is an effective method to detect presence or absence. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - McDaniel, G W AU - McKelvey, K S AU - Squires, J R AU - Ruggiero, L F AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Forest Service, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 119 EP - 123 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Canadian Lynx KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Management KW - Lynx canadensis KW - Hair KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17692588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+lures+and+hair+snares+to+detect+lynx&rft.au=McDaniel%2C+G+W%3BMcKelvey%2C+K+S%3BSquires%2C+J+R%3BRuggiero%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=McDaniel&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lynx canadensis; Methodology; Hair; Management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early loss of herring gull clutches after egg-oiling AN - 17692530; 4780521 AB - Critical to the success of egg-oiling to control growth of bird populations is extension of the incubation period, thereby minimizing re-nesting attempts. Egg-oiling studies conducted with ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) and herring (L. argentatus) gulls generally have reported no evidence of abandonment of oiled clutches up to the expected hatching date (EHD). However, comparisons of clutch loss (assumed to be caused primarily by predation) up to EHD among control and treatment groups were not reported. Therefore, we evaluated early (oiling 21-27 days before EHD) and late (oiling 7-15 days before EHD) oiling protocols in a herring gull colony on Lake Erie, Erie County, Ohio. We observed marked differences (P<0.001) among treatments in number of nests producing chicks (90.0%, n=100, control; 20%, n=100, early oil; and 1%, n=100, late oil). Clutches in nests assigned to the 2 oil groups were more frequently (P<0.001) lost (6% control; 29% early; 38% late) to abandonment, storms, and predation up to EHD. Only 56% of oil-treatment clutches were incubated past EHD. Clutch loss (including nest abandonment) up to EHD did not differ (P=0.346) between nests in the early and late oil groups. Our data suggest that herring gulls were sensitive to oil and that nests were abandoned or clutches lost within the normal incubation period in numbers greater than expected under natural conditions. Thus, while effectiveness of egg-oiling to reduce recruitment in herring gull colonies is improved by oiling nests late in the incubation period, subsequent oil applications are recommended to account for late nests and re-nesting attempts. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Blackwell, B F AU - Seamans, T W AU - Helon, DA AU - Dolbeer, R A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 70 EP - 75 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Ring-billed gull KW - Herring gull KW - USA, Ohio KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Management KW - Control programs KW - Larus delawarensis KW - Recruitment KW - Larus argentatus KW - Eggs KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17692530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Early+loss+of+herring+gull+clutches+after+egg-oiling&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+B+F%3BSeamans%2C+T+W%3BHelon%2C+DA%3BDolbeer%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Larus delawarensis; Larus argentatus; Eggs; Recruitment; Management; Oil; Control programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blastomeres from Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos Are Not Allocated Randomly in Chimeric Blastocysts AN - 17686332; 4772654 AB - A marker has been developed to allow detection of blastomeres that originate from embryos produced by nuclear transfer (NT) of genetically engineered fetal fibroblasts. A plasmid (phEFnGFP) was constructed with a G418 resistance cassette for selection in fibroblasts and a nuclear localized green fluorescent protein (nGFP) expression cassette that expresses in every cell of day-6, -7, and -8 bovine embryos. This construct was utilized to follow the blastomere distribution in aggregation chimeras produced from fertilized embryos (in vitro produced, IVP) or parthenotes and NT embryos. Fluorescent and nonfluorescent NT embryos were aggregated early on day 4 and evaluated on day 8. Nuclei of blastomeres that carried the transgene were fluorescent under both UV epifluorescence (Hoechst 33342) and blue epifluorescence (nGFP). There was no bias in the distribution of green fluorescent blastomeres in the inner cell mass (ICM) or trophectoderm in NTNT chimeras. However, there was a strong bias for NT blastomeres to populate the ICM when aggregated with IVP embryos or parthenotes. There was also a strong bias against NT blastomeres in the trophectoderm when aggregated to IVP embryos. However, the bias against NT blastomeres in the trophectoderm was significantly less (p NT aggregates, no chimeric embryos were produced that had an ICM composed of blastomeres from a single origin. However, in NTParthenote aggregates, 67% of the blastocysts had an ICM composed exclusively of NT origin. The remaining blastocysts ranged from 0% to 83% of the ICM that expressed nGFP. Similarly, in NTIVP aggregates 50% of the blastocysts had an ICM composed exclusively of NT origin. The remaining blastocysts ranged from 19% to 71% of the ICM being of NT origin. We conclude that production of divaricated chimeras from NT origin is feasible. Other applications of this technology are discussed. JF - Cloning: Science and Policy AU - Wells, K D AU - Powell, A M AD - USDA-ARS, Building 200, Room 8, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, kwells@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 9 EP - 22 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1520-4553, 1520-4553 KW - transport KW - blastocysts KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Genetic engineering KW - Cloning KW - Embryos KW - Plasmids KW - Nuclei KW - Fetuses KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17686332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cloning%3A+Science+and+Policy&rft.atitle=Blastomeres+from+Somatic+Cell+Nuclear+Transfer+Embryos+Are+Not+Allocated+Randomly+in+Chimeric+Blastocysts&rft.au=Wells%2C+K+D%3BPowell%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cloning%3A+Science+and+Policy&rft.issn=15204553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Embryos; Nuclei; Fetuses; Plasmids; Genetic engineering; Cloning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Storm flow export of metolachlor from a Coastal Plain watershed AN - 17662999; 4713883 AB - During an 18-month (1994-1995) survey of the surface water in an Atlantic Coastal Plain watershed, metolachlor was most frequently detected during storm flow events. Therefore, a sampling procedure, focused on storm flow, was implemented in June of 1996. During 1996, three tropical cyclones made landfall within 150 km of the watershed. These storms, as well as several summer thunderstorms, produced six distinct storm flow events within the watershed. Metolachlor was detected leaving the watershed during each event. In early September, Hurricane Fran produced the largest storm flow event and accounted for the majority of the metolachlor exports. During the storm event triggered by Hurricane Fran, the highest daily average flow (7.5 m super(2) s super(-1)) and highest concentration (5.1 mu g L super(-1)) ever measured at the watershed outlet were recorded. Storm flow exports leaving the watershed represented 0.1 g ha super(-1) or about 0.04% of active ingredient applied. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Watts, D W AU - Novak, J M AU - Johnson, M H AU - Stone, K C AD - USDA-ARS- Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA, Watts@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 175 EP - 186 VL - B35 IS - 2 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Hurricane Fran KW - USA, Eastern KW - metolachlor KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Hurricanes KW - Coastal zone KW - Surface water KW - Pesticides KW - Watersheds KW - Storms KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17662999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Storm+flow+export+of+metolachlor+from+a+Coastal+Plain+watershed&rft.au=Watts%2C+D+W%3BNovak%2C+J+M%3BJohnson%2C+M+H%3BStone%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=B35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluid mechanics; Hurricanes; Coastal zone; Surface water; Pesticides; Watersheds; Storms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed movements and seedling fates in disturbed sagebrush steppe ecosystems: Implications for restoration AN - 17643931; 4775665 AB - Understanding species establishment patterns and community structure following disturbance, and developing effective restoration methods requires knowledge of both the movements and fates of seeds. I used a restoration experiment in a severely disturbed sagebrush steppe ecosystem near Kemmerer, Wyoming to examine the effects of soil surface characteristics and seed morphology on seed entrapment and retention, and the effects of soil surface characteristics on soil water potential and seedling emergence and survival. Seeds of native species with awns, mucilaginous seedcoats, wings, hairy pappi, or no appendages were sown over soil surface treatments consisting of silty loam soil, sand, gravel, surface mulch, shrub mimics, and large and small holes. Seeds that lacked appendages and that had small surface areas did not exhibit significant horizontal movement or redistribution. Seeds with appendages that resulted in exposure of a large surface area to the wind did exhibit significant redistribution, despite apparent adaptations for seed burial or retention. When the entire seed population was considered, the effectiveness of the treatments for trapping and retaining seeds was large holes > small holes greater than or equal to gravel greater than or equal to shrub mimics > soil greater than or equal to sand. Surface mulch neither gained nor lost seeds. The most effective treatments for seedling emergence had among the least negative soil water potentials and included large holes, surface mulch, and sand. Gravel provided an inadequate growing medium, and both shrub mimics and small holes accumulated fine-textured soils resulting in highly negative water potentials and low seedling emergence. Once a seedling emerged, the probability of survival was reasonably high (56.3% over 2 yr) regardless of treatment. This study indicates that soil surfaces that trap and retain high densities of seeds with large surface areas may have little or no effect on seeds with small surface areas, and may or may not result in high seedling emergence and survival. Restoring diverse native ecosystems requires creating soil surface features that can trap and retain seeds with varying morphologies as well as provide favorable conditions for seedling establishment. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Chambers, J C AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 920 Valley Road, Reno, Nevada 89512, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 1400 EP - 1413 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Seed dispersal KW - Community structure KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - Environmental restoration KW - Steppes KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17643931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Seed+movements+and+seedling+fates+in+disturbed+sagebrush+steppe+ecosystems%3A+Implications+for+restoration&rft.au=Chambers%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seed dispersal; ecosystem disturbance; Steppes; Environmental restoration; Community structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hurricanes, coral reefs and rainforests: resistance, ruin and recovery in the Caribbean AN - 17641936; 4802339 AB - The coexistence of hurricanes, coral reefs, and rainforests in the Caribbean demonstrates that highly structured ecosystems with great diversity can flourish in spite of recurring exposure to intense destructive energy. Coral reefs develop in response to wave energy and resist hurricanes largely by virtue of their structural strength. Limited fetch also protects some reefs from fully developed hurricane waves. While storms may produce dramatic local reef damage, they appear to have little impact on the ability of coral reefs to provide food or habitat for fish and other animals. Rainforests experience an enormous increase in wind energy during hurricanes with dramatic structural changes in the vegetation. The resulting changes in forest microclimate are larger than those on reefs and the loss of fruit, leaves, cover, and microclimate has a great impact on animal populations. Recovery of many aspects of rainforest structure and function is rapid, though there may be long-term changes in species composition. While resistance and repair have maintained reefs and rainforests in the past, human impacts may threaten their ability to survive. JF - Ambio AU - Lugo, A E AU - Rogers, C S AU - Nixon, S W AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service PO Box 25,000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000 Puerto Rico, a_lugo@upr1.upr.clu.edu Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 106 EP - 114 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0044-7447&volume=29&page=106] VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - Boulder star coral KW - Elkhorn coral KW - Long-spined sea urchin KW - Staghorn coral KW - Symmetrical brian coral KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Destructive waves KW - Resistance mechanisms KW - Tropical depressions KW - Diploria strigosa KW - Hurricanes KW - Acropora cervicornis KW - Diadema antillarum KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea KW - Recovery KW - Coral reefs KW - Acropora palmata KW - Montastraea annularis KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17641936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Hurricanes%2C+coral+reefs+and+rainforests%3A+resistance%2C+ruin+and+recovery+in+the+Caribbean&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E%3BRogers%2C+C+S%3BNixon%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0044-7447%282000%29029%280106%3AHCRARR%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Incl. Bibliogr.. 79 refs N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Recovery; Destructive waves; Coral reefs; Tropical depressions; Resistance mechanisms; Diadema antillarum; Acropora cervicornis; Acropora palmata; Montastraea annularis; Diploria strigosa; ASW, Caribbean Sea; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0044-7447(2000)029(0106:HCRARR)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal and Sexual Differences in American Marten Diet in Northeastern Oregon AN - 17640259; 4787002 AB - Information on the diet of the American marten (Martes americana) is vital to understanding habitat requirements of populations of this species. The frequency of occurrence of prey items found in 1014 scat samples associated with 31 radiocollared American martens in northeastern Oregon included: 62.7% vole-sized prey, 28.2% squirrel-sized prey, 22.4% insects, 19.5% birds, 13.3% plant material, and 2.4% lagomorphs. A significantly higher proportion of voles (Microtus spp.), southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), and chipmunks (Tamias spp.) were found in the summer diet compared with the winter, and a higher proportion of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus), unidentified squirrels, bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea), and mountain cottontails (Sylvilagus nuttallii) were found in the winter diet compared with summer. Insects and plant remains represented a higher proportion of the diet in summer than winter. Females preyed on a higher proportion of shrews (Sorex spp.) and chipmunks, while males preyed on a higher proportion of southern red-backed voles. JF - Northwest Science AU - Bull, EL AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 186 EP - 191 VL - 74 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - American Marten KW - USA, Oregon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Species composition KW - Sex differences KW - Radio-tagging KW - Seasonal variations KW - Martes americana KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17640259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Seasonal+and+Sexual+Differences+in+American+Marten+Diet+in+Northeastern+Oregon&rft.au=Bull%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Martes americana; Diets; Species composition; Seasonal variations; Sex differences; Radio-tagging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of molecular diagnostic technologies on plant disease management AN - 17636897; 4790115 AB - Detection and diagnosis of plant viruses has included serological laboratory tests since the 1960s. Relatively little work was done on serological detection of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi prior to the development of ELISA and monoclonal antibody technologies. Most applications for laboratory-based tests were directed at virus detection with relatively little emphasis on fungal and bacterial pathogens, though there was some good work done with other groups of plant pathogens. With the advent of molecular biology and the ability to compare regions of genomic DNA representing conserved sequences, the development of laboratory tests increased at an amazing rate for all groups of plant pathogens. Comparison of ITS regions of bacteria, fungi, and nematodes has proven useful for taxonomic purposes. Sequencing of conserved genes has been used to develop PCR-based detection with varying levels of specificity for viruses, fungi, and bacteria. Combinations of ELISA and PCR technologies are used to improve sensitivity of detection and to avoid problems with inhibitors or PCR often found in plants. The application of these technologies in plant pathology has greatly improved our ability to detect plant pathogens and is increasing our understanding of, their ecology and epidemiology. JF - Annual Review of Phytopathology AU - Martin, R R AU - James, D AU - Levesque, CA AD - USDA-ARS Horticulture Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA, martinrr@ava.bcc.orst.edu Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 207 EP - 239 VL - 38 SN - 0066-4286, 0066-4286 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Plant diseases KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Diagnosis KW - Epidemiology KW - Detection KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17636897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+molecular+diagnostic+technologies+on+plant+disease+management&rft.au=Martin%2C+R+R%3BJames%2C+D%3BLevesque%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=00664286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev.phyto.38.1.207 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant diseases; Detection; Diagnosis; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Monoclonal antibodies; Polymerase chain reaction; Epidemiology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.38.1.207 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The sacred and the scientific: Traditional ecological knowledge in Siberian River conservation AN - 17635997; 4774842 AB - The Katun River originates in the steppe of the Altai Mountains in Siberia. One of the major headwaters of the Ob River, the Katun is considered central to the culture of the indigenous Altaians. The Katun Valley contains large numbers of important cultural sites, dating from the Neolithic and representing some of the earliest human settlement in Russia. Modern-day Altaians still observe traditional ceremonies honoring the river and springs throughout the watershed and utilize traditional ecological knowledge in their management of the land and water resources. Russian and international scientists have identified the Altai Mountains as a region of high plant diversity and endemism, and as important habitat for endangered species such as the snow leopard. The Katun River itself contains species of threatened and endangered fishes, and its headwaters are part of the unusual Mongolian ichthyofaunal province that is characterized by high levels of endemism. The same regions are considered by the Altaian people to be special or sacred and are recognized by Western scientists as having great value for conservation. During the era of perestroika, a hydroelectric dam was to be built on the Katun. The large dam, a vestige of the earlier Soviet plan for the Project of the Century, would have devastated significant agricultural, ecological, recreational, and cultural resources. The indigenous Altaian people would have lost much of their sacred and cultural landscape. The Katun dam project united indigenous people, well-known Siberian writers, and scientists in protest, which became so heated that it engaged the international community, with lasting effects on Russian society. The magnitude of the protest illustrates the importance of the Altai Mountain region to all of Russia. The active participation of indigenous Altaians reflected their traditional willingness to take action against political decisions that negatively impacted the environmental, cultural, and religious values of their homeland. Their involvement also reflected the new wave of awareness under perestroika that underscored a greater respect and autonomy for indigenous peoples in Russia. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Klubnikin, K AU - Annett, C AU - Cherkasova, M AU - Shishin, M AU - Fotieva, I AD - USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 20250, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 1296 EP - 1306 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Russia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Conservation KW - Environmental perception KW - D 04692:Environmental perception UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17635997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=The+sacred+and+the+scientific%3A+Traditional+ecological+knowledge+in+Siberian+River+conservation&rft.au=Klubnikin%2C+K%3BAnnett%2C+C%3BCherkasova%2C+M%3BShishin%2C+M%3BFotieva%2C+I&rft.aulast=Klubnikin&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conservation; Environmental perception ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling relationships between landscape-level attributes and snorkel counts of chinook salmon and steelhead parr in Idaho AN - 17632299; 4785602 AB - Knowledge of environmental factors impacting anadromous salmonids in their freshwater habitats, particularly at large spatial scales, may be important for restoring them to previously recorded levels in the northwestern United States. Consequently, existing data sets were used and an information-theoretic approach to model landscape-level attributes and snorkel count categories of spring-summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Onorhynchus mykiss) parr within index areas in Idaho. Count categories of chinook salmon parr were negatively related to geometric mean road density and positively related to mean annual precipitation, whereas those for steelhead parr were negatively related to percent unconsolidated lithology. These models predicted that chinook salmon parr would be in low count categories within subwatersheds with >1 km times km super(-2) geometric mean road densities and (or) ,700 mm mean annual precipitation. Similarly, steelhead parr were predicted to be in low count categories in subwatersheds with .30% unconsolidated lithology. These results provide a starting point for fish biologists and managers attempting to map approximate status and quality of rearing habitats for chinook salmon and steelhead at large spatial scales. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Thompson, W L AU - Lee, D C AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station 316 East Myrtle Street, Boise, ID 83702 USA, bthompson02@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 1834 EP - 1842 VL - 57 IS - 9 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - statistical models KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - USA, Idaho, Salmon R. KW - Anadromous species KW - USA, Idaho, Clearwater R. KW - USA, Idaho, Snake R. KW - Environmental effects KW - Man-induced effects KW - Freshwater KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - Population number KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17632299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Modeling+relationships+between+landscape-level+attributes+and+snorkel+counts+of+chinook+salmon+and+steelhead+parr+in+Idaho&rft.au=Thompson%2C+W+L%3BLee%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2Fcjfas-57-9-1834 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anadromous species; Environmental effects; Man-induced effects; Population number; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; USA, Idaho, Salmon R.; USA, Idaho, Snake R.; USA, Idaho, Clearwater R.; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-57-9-1834 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Legacy Retention Versus Thinning: Influences on Small Mammals AN - 17618518; 4758720 AB - Management strategies for promoting late-seral attributes in second-growth forest need evaluation for their efficacy in maintaining biodiversity, including complete forest-floor, small-mammal communities. Two common strategies in the Pacific Northwest are (1) management with thinnings to promote large trees with developed understories and (2) retention of legacies, defined as live trees, logs, and snags from the preceding forest, at harvest, followed by protection but not thinnings of the new stand. We compared small-mammal communities resulting from >65 yr of application of these strategies in the Puget Trough, Washington. We also compared these communities with the small-mammal communities found in old-growth, naturally young, and extensively managed forests elsewhere in western Washington. Forests managed with thinnings had 1.5 times the individual mammals and 1.7 times the mammal biomass of forests managed with legacies of coarse woody debris and snags - differences similar to those between old-growth and naturally young forest (1.2 times more individuals in old-growth) and old-growth and extensively managed forest (1.6 times more individuals in old-growth). Management strategy had a profound impact on community structure, with the Columbian mouse (Peromyscus oreas), the small mammal most associated with old growth, much reduced in Puget Trough forests (absent from most stands) and the creeping vole (Microtus oregoni) (a species commonly associated with early seral stages, but found in all seral stages in Washington) third-ranked in thinned stands but seventh ranked in legacy stands. The montane shrew (Sorex monticolus) was second-ranked, after Trowbridge's shrew (S. trowbridgii), in marked contrast to codominance by the southern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi), S. monticolus, and P. oreas in old growth. Thus, neither strategy produced communities typical of late-seral forests. JF - Northwest Science AU - Wilson, S M AU - Carey, AB AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA 98512-9193, USA, acarey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 131 EP - 145 VL - 74 IS - 2 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - micromammals KW - Mammals KW - USA, Washington KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - Mammalia KW - Succession KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17618518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Legacy+Retention+Versus+Thinning%3A+Influences+on+Small+Mammals&rft.au=Wilson%2C+S+M%3BCarey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammalia; Forest management; Succession; Community structure; Community composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of polyacrylamide application to soil on movement of microorganisms in runoff water AN - 17608941; 4729020 AB - Polyacrylamide (PAM) use in irrigation for erosion control has increased water infiltration and reduced soil erosion. This has improved runoff water quality via lower concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous, and pesticides, and decreased biological oxygen demand. Since non-toxic high molecular weight anionic PAMs removed clay size sediment particles in flowing water, we hypothesized that PAM would effectively remove or immobilize microorganisms in flowing water. In an agricultural field, we determined the efficacy of PAM-treatment of furrow irrigation water to remove several categories of microorganisms in the inflow and runoff. Treatments were: (1) PAM application and a control; (2) three flow rates; (3) two distances from the inflow point; and (4) three times during each irrigation. After water traveled 1 m at 7.5 and 15.5 l min super(-1), PAM-treatment reduced total bacterial and microbial biomass and total fungal biomass relative to the control treatment. After water traveled 40 m at 7.5, 15.5, and 22.5 l min super(-1), PAM-treatment reduced algae, the numbers active and total bacteria, active and total fungal length, and total bacterial biomass, total fungal and microbial biomass relative to the control treatment. Although specific organisms were not identified or monitored in this study, the results clearly have implications for controlling the spread of soil-borne plant pathogens and other classes of harmful organisms within and among fields via irrigation water and in re-utilized return flows. Beyond furrow-irrigated agriculture, new methods to manage overland transmission of harmful microorganisms could potentially help control transport of pathogens from animal waste in runoff and groundwater. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Sojka, R E AU - Entry, JA AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 405 EP - 412 VL - 108 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - polyacrylamide KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Micro-organisms KW - Microorganisms KW - Agrochemicals KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17608941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Influence+of+polyacrylamide+application+to+soil+on+movement+of+microorganisms+in+runoff+water&rft.au=Sojka%2C+R+E%3BEntry%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Sojka&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2899%2900194-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrochemicals; Micro-organisms; Microorganisms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00194-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent Population Trends of Double-Crested Cormorants Wintering in the Delta Region of Mississippi: Responses to Roost Dispersal and Removal Under a Recent Depredation Order AN - 17597377; 4719567 AB - The purpose of this study was to examine recent trends in cormorant wintering populations and their economic impact in the delta region of Mississippi and to examine the response of these populations to management efforts directed at reducing their predation on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). We monitored Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) populations in the delta region of Mississippi through the use of midwinter ground counts and aerial surveys during the winters of 1995-96 through 1998-99 and surveyed the reported take of cormorants by catfish farmers in the region under the recently-enacted Cormorant Depredation Order. This order issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in March, 1998 allowed catfish farmers in the region to kill unlimited numbers of cormorants seen feeding at their farms. Despite roost dispersal programs and continued harassment of birds at farms, cormorant populations have significantly increased and based on ground counts have doubled from approximately 32,000 birds to more than 64,000 birds between 1995 and 1999. Mid-winter ground counts and aerial counts were highly correlated and the best linear prediction of ground counts (Y) from aerial counts (b) took the form Y = 1.55 b, (Y-intercept = 0). Roost dispersal programs continue to have the desired effect of shifting birds away from areas of highest catfish concentration, but these effects are temporary at best. However, without such programs, the impact of cormorant predation on the catfish industry in 1997-98 and 1999-98 probably would have more than doubled compared to previous years. Catfish farmers in the delta region of Mississippi reported taking more cormorants under the Cormorant Depredation Order than previously reported under past depredation permits issued to individual farmers. The reported take of at least 9,557 birds by Mississippi catfish farmers had no apparent impacts on wintering populations during 1998-99. Further monitoring of cormorant wintering populations over more of their wintering range is recommended. JF - Waterbirds AU - Glahn, J F AU - Reinhold, D S AU - Sloan, CA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi Field Station, P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762-6099, USA, Jim.F.Glahn@USDA.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 38 EP - 44 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0738-6028, 0738-6028 KW - Channel catfish KW - Double-crested cormorant KW - Graceful catfish KW - USA, Mississippi KW - aquaculture KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Overwintering KW - Population growth KW - Control programs KW - Counting methods KW - Predators KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Cultured organisms KW - Deltas KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Population dynamics KW - Environmental legislation KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Winter KW - Population control KW - Nature conservation KW - Fish culture KW - Aquatic birds KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17597377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Recent+Population+Trends+of+Double-Crested+Cormorants+Wintering+in+the+Delta+Region+of+Mississippi%3A+Responses+to+Roost+Dispersal+and+Removal+Under+a+Recent+Depredation+Order&rft.au=Glahn%2C+J+F%3BReinhold%2C+D+S%3BSloan%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Glahn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waterbirds&rft.issn=07386028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population control; Overwintering; Nature conservation; Predators; Deltas; Cultured organisms; Environmental legislation; Population dynamics; Freshwater fish; Aquatic birds; Fish culture; Control programs; Population growth; Counting methods; Winter; Phalacrocorax auritus; Ictalurus punctatus; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Annual wet and dry deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the snowy range, Wyoming AN - 17596027; 4714837 AB - The collocation of three national networked programs NADP, EPA's CASTNET, and the Forest Service's IMPROVE Module A, within a few hundred meters of each other in the pristine Medicine Bow forest of Wyoming has made it possible to assess the total amount of sulfur and nitrogen deposition, both wet and dry for this alpine/subalpine ecosystem. Additional sites within a few kilometers add spatial depth to this study. Wet deposition assessed using NADP data accounts for 1 to a little over 3 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) for both nitrogen and sulfur; however, annual trends for the two species differ. Dry deposition assessed using both CASTNET (a.k.a. NDDN) and IMPROVE (for sulfur) indicates 1-2 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) for nitrogen but less than 1 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) for sulfur. The overall trend of wet plus dry for nitrogen has been downward from 5 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) in 1989 to 3.6 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) in 1994, while varying between 2 and under 4 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) for sulfur. This paper introduces the sites and presents the three programs and the analysis approach. Spatial comparisons between sites are investigated. Weekly data are analyzed from three NADP sites, separated horizontally 6.8 and 2.4 km and vertically 430 and 98 m from the highest elevation site. The site comparisons demonstrate that winter season data requires careful analysis due to the vagaries of inefficient precipitation collection during high winds and snow fall. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Zeller, K AU - Harrington, D AU - Riebau, A AU - Donev, E AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range 240 W. Prospect, Ft. Collins, CO 80526, USA, k.zeller@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 1703 EP - 1711 VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Sulfur KW - Snow KW - Wet deposition KW - Dry deposition KW - Seasonal variations KW - Nitrogen KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17596027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Annual+wet+and+dry+deposition+of+sulfur+and+nitrogen+in+the+snowy+range%2C+Wyoming&rft.au=Zeller%2C+K%3BHarrington%2C+D%3BRiebau%2C+A%3BDonev%2C+E&rft.aulast=Zeller&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2899%2900429-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP). N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Snow; Sulfur; Wet deposition; Dry deposition; Nitrogen; Seasonal variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00429-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wintertime Ozone Fluxes and Profiles above a Subalpine Spruce-Fir Forest AN - 17589881; 4690441 AB - High rural concentrations of ozone (O sub(3)) are thought to be stratospheric in origin, advected from upwind urban sources, or photochemically generated locally by natural trace gas emissions. Ozone is known to be transported vertically downward from the above-canopy atmospheric surface layer and destroyed within stomata or on other biological and mineral surfaces. However, here the authors report midwinter eddy correlation measurements of upward vertical O sub(3) flux of 0.2 mu g m super(--2) s super(--1) (5.6 kg km super(--2) day super(--1)) above a subalpine canopy of Picea engelmannii and Abies lasiocarpa in the Snowy Range Mountains of Wyoming. Simultaneous below-canopy upward fluxes reached 0.1 mu g m super(--2) s super(--1). These results corroborate similar late winter (presnowmelt) upward O sub(3) fluxes of 0.5 mu g m super(--2) s super(--1) (19 kg km super(--2) day super(--1)) taken at the same site in 1992. Profile results show sustained "countergradient" fluxes below the canopy and sustained "with gradient" fluxes above the canopy. Ozone concentrations that decrease for several hours to several days correspond to simultaneously increasing positive (upward) O sub(3) fluxes and vice versa. These phenomena, in addition to above- and below-canopy reversed gradient patterns, suggest that O sub(3) may be stored temporarily in either the snow base or the tree stand itself. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Zeller, K AD - USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 92 EP - 101 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0894-8763, 0894-8763 KW - Abies lasiocarpa KW - Picea engelmannii KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Snow KW - Forests KW - Meteorology KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17589881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Wintertime+Ozone+Fluxes+and+Profiles+above+a+Subalpine+Spruce-Fir+Forest&rft.au=Zeller%2C+K&rft.aulast=Zeller&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.issn=08948763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ozone; Forests; Snow; Meteorology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sodium thiosulfate protects against acrylonitrile-induced elevation of glial fibrillary acidic protein levels by replenishing glutathione AN - 17561452; 4741610 AB - Acrylonitrile (ACN) like many organic solvents produce neurotoxicity by elevating brain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a putative biomarker of astrogliosis. In this study we tested the hypothesis that sodium thiosulfate (STS) protective action against ACN-induced astrogliosis is glutathione (GSH) mediated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered for 2 weeks intraperitoneal doses (50 mg/kg body weight) of the ACN, with or without STS as outline in the Methods section. Specific brain regions were tested for GFAP, GSH and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity. In the brain regions tested STS significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) maintained GFAP levels at the basal saline control levels, when compared to ACN-treated groups. STS also significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased GSH levels in these brain regions with a corresponding increased in GST enzyme activity. Although the data indicated that STS antidotal action against ACN-induced neurotoxicity is likely to involve GSH and GST activity, other complex series of mechanisms may be involved. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Enongene, EN AU - Sun, P N AU - Mehta, C S AD - TMRU, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA 30604, USA, enongene@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 153 EP - 161 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - rats KW - gliosis KW - acrylonitrile KW - sodium thiosulfate KW - thiosulfate KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Astrocytes KW - Glutathione KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Brain KW - Solvents KW - Glial fibrillary acidic protein KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - N3 11095:Neuroprotective agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17561452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Sodium+thiosulfate+protects+against+acrylonitrile-induced+elevation+of+glial+fibrillary+acidic+protein+levels+by+replenishing+glutathione&rft.au=Enongene%2C+EN%3BSun%2C+P+N%3BMehta%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Enongene&rft.aufirst=EN&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1382-6689%2800%2900036-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Glutathione; Solvents; Neurotoxicity; Brain; Astrocytes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1382-6689(00)00036-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation on Japanese quail vs. house sparrow eggs in artificial nests: Small eggs reveal small predators AN - 17560427; 4746197 AB - Nest predation studies frequently use eggs such as Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) to identify potential predators of Neotropical migrants' eggs, but such eggs may be too large or thick-shelled to identify the full complement of potential predators. We compared predation events and predators of Japanese Quail and smaller House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) eggs in paired, camera-monitored ground nests within edges and interiors of 40 mixed-hardwood forest stands in central Massachusetts. House Sparrow eggs were depredated significantly more than Japanese Quail eggs at both forest edges and interiors. Eleven potential predator species disturbed nests, six of which were confirmed as predators. Our use of House Sparrow eggs revealed predation by eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) and Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), but not by white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), the most abundant small mammal species in all 40 stands. Neither predator species composition (as detected by camera) nor the frequency of nest predation differed between forest edge and interior. We conclude that the egg type used in artificial nest studies affects both the predation rates and the predator species detected. JF - Condor AU - Maier, T J AU - DeGraaf, R M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Holdsworth Natural Resources Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-4210, USA, tjmaier@forwild.umass.edu Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 325 EP - 332 VL - 102 IS - 2 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Birds KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Morphometry KW - Forests KW - Species composition KW - Predators KW - Eggs KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17560427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Predation+on+Japanese+quail+vs.+house+sparrow+eggs+in+artificial+nests%3A+Small+eggs+reveal+small+predators&rft.au=Maier%2C+T+J%3BDeGraaf%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Eggs; Morphometry; Predators; Species composition; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Costs of parasitism incurred by two songbird species and their quality as cowbird hosts AN - 17558974; 4746202 AB - We measured the costs of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism incurred by Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) and Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea). We predicted that the frequent occurrence of nest desertion as a response to cowbird parasitism in Field Sparrows would be reflected by a higher cost of parasitism for that species. We also compared growth and survival of cowbird nestlings between hosts, predicting that they would do poorly at Field Sparrow nests because the latter appear to be avoided by cowbirds. Both species experienced reduced body mass gain in parasitized broods, but only Indigo Bunting suffered reduced tarsus growth. Both species experienced reductions in clutch size, hatching success, and nestling survival due to parasitism, but these losses did not differ among the two hosts. Multiple parasitism did not affect hatching success or nestling survival more than single parasitism for Indigo Buntings. Once accepted, cowbird offspring fared equally well in nests of both species, but almost half of all cowbird eggs laid in Field Sparrow nests were lost through nest abandonment. As parasitism costs to both species appear to be substantial, the rarity of nest desertion in Indigo Buntings may be due to other factors. Infrequent parasitism of Field Sparrows is consistent with host avoidance by cowbirds but other explanations should be explored. JF - Condor AU - Burhans, DE AU - Thompson, III AU - Faaborg, J AD - North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 202 Natural Resources Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7260, USA, dburhans/nc_co@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 364 EP - 373 VL - 102 IS - 2 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Field sparrow KW - Indigo bunting KW - Brown-headed cowbird KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Spizella pusilla KW - Passerina cyanea KW - Host selection KW - Molothrus ater KW - brood parasitism KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Breeding success KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17558974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Costs+of+parasitism+incurred+by+two+songbird+species+and+their+quality+as+cowbird+hosts&rft.au=Burhans%2C+DE%3BThompson%2C+III%3BFaaborg%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burhans&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spizella pusilla; Passerina cyanea; Molothrus ater; brood parasitism; Host selection; Breeding success; Defense mechanisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Light-induced hyphal branching of germinated AM fungal spores AN - 17555515; 4740601 AB - Hyphal branches of the primary germ tubes and secondary hyphae of Gigaspora gigantea, Gigaspora rosea, and Glomus intraradices were induced by exposure to light. The photo-induced branching of G. rosea was increased if the germinated spores were first grown in the presence of 10 M quercetin before exposure to light. Further analyses with G. gigantea showed that at low intensity light (13.4 E s super(-1)m super(-2)), maximum branching was achieved after a 6 h exposure and at high intensity light (10,800 E s super(-1)m super(-2)), maximum branching was reached after an 8 min exposure. Multiple exposures to alternating low light followed by a dark incubation period indicated that the photo-effect was not additive. Photo-induced branching did not need a subsequent dark period for the growth of hyphal branches because branching occurred during prolonged continuous light. The light-induced branching appeared to have ecological relevance. Corn seedlings (Zea maize L.) grown in AM fungal inocula exposed to light had a higher percentage of their root system colonized by G. gigantea than those in inocula that remained in the dark. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Nagahashi, G AU - Douds Jr, D AU - Buee, M AD - USDA-ARS, ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038. U.S.A., gnagahashi@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 71 EP - 79 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 219 IS - 1-2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Zea mays KW - Hyphae KW - Glomus intraradices KW - Branching KW - Gigaspora rosea KW - Gigaspora gigantea KW - Quercetin KW - Light effects KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17555515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Light-induced+hyphal+branching+of+germinated+AM+fungal+spores&rft.au=Nagahashi%2C+G%3BDouds+Jr%2C+D%3BBuee%2C+M&rft.aulast=Nagahashi&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=219&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1004714530021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Gigaspora gigantea; Gigaspora rosea; Glomus intraradices; Soil microorganisms; Hyphae; Light effects; Branching; Quercetin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004714530021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response by coccinellids to spatial variation in cereal aphid density AN - 17553065; 4737781 AB - The objectives of this study were to determine if coccinellids adjusted their distribution within spring wheat fields in response to spatial variation cereal aphid density in the fields and to describe the patterns of cereal aphid population growth that resulted. Field experiments were completed in which the physical dimensions of patches infested with cereal aphids, cereal aphid density, and access to patches by coccinellids were varied. Aphid infestations consisted of naturally occurring densities (natural patches) and much greater densities created by supplementing patches with aphids (supplemented patches). Coccinellids were denied access to some supplemented patches (exclusion patches) but allowed unlimited access to others. Densities of adult Hippodamia convergens and Coccinella septempunctata were correlated with aphid density in patches whereas density of Coleomegilla maculata was not. Aggregation by coccinellids was independent of patch area. The realized aphid population growth rate (r) was lower in supplemented than natural patches in all four trials but was significantly lower in only one trial. The lower r in supplemented patches was not exclusively caused by coccinellid predation, and emigration of aphids from patches probably also contributed. r was significantly greater in exclusion patches than supplemented and natural patches, indicating that coccinellids markedly reduced aphid numbers in patches even when aphid density was extremely high. JF - Population Ecology AU - Elliott, N AU - Kieckhefer, R W AD - USDA, ARS Plant Science and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA, nelliott@pswcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 81 EP - 90 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 1438-3896, 1438-3896 KW - Convergent lady beetle KW - Sevenspotted lady beetle KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Aphids KW - Plantlice KW - spatial heterogeneity KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - Aphididae KW - Population density KW - Coccinellidae KW - Coccinella septempunctata KW - Hippodamia convergens KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17553065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Ecology&rft.atitle=Response+by+coccinellids+to+spatial+variation+in+cereal+aphid+density&rft.au=Elliott%2C+N%3BKieckhefer%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Population+Ecology&rft.issn=14383896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coccinellidae; Aphididae; Hippodamia convergens; Coccinella septempunctata; Predator-prey interactions; Population density ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects on Development of Immature Mexican Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 17551486; 4732946 AB - Development of immature Mexican corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera zeae Krysan & Smith, was investigated at 8 temperatures ranging from 15 to 33 degree C. Development to adult was only completed in the range from 15 to 30 degree C; larvae failed to complete the 3rd instar at 31.5 and 33 degree C. Development from hatch to adult emergence was fastest at 30 degree C ( approximately 25 d), and slowest at 15 degree C ( approximately 105 d). Developmental times, from hatch to adult emergence, differed for males and females, males emerged before females. A pooled thermal threshold of 10.3 degree C was estimated for immature development. Development from hatch to adult emergence was estimated to take 473 DD. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Woodson, W D AU - Chandler, L D AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70179-0687, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 55 EP - 58 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=55] VL - 93 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Leaf beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Diabrotica virgifera KW - Development KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17551486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Effects+on+Development+of+Immature+Mexican+Corn+Rootworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Woodson%2C+W+D%3BChandler%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Woodson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%280055%3AEODOIM%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Diabrotica virgifera; Temperature effects; Development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(0055:EODOIM)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Demography of Three Hawaiian Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) at Alternating Temperatures AN - 17547029; 4732949 AB - Reproductive and population parameters of melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, oriental fruit flies, B. dorsalis Hendel, and Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were measured in environmental chambers maintained at temperatures of (maximum:minimum) 24:13, 24:24, 29:18, and 35:24 plus or minus 1 degree C. Alternating temperature regimes more realistically approached the variation found in nature and produced higher parameters than an optimal constant temperature (24 degree C). Intra- and interspecific comparisons were done with 4 separate generations of wild fruit flies reared on a common natural host. All species attained their highest intrinsic rates of population increase at 29:18 or 35:24 degree C; C. capitata exhibited the highest intrinsic rates of increase at all temperature regimes. All species attained maximum net reproductive rates at 29:18 degree C, in the order C. capitata > B. dorsalis > B. cucurbitae. The 35:24 degree C regime caused reductions in net reproductive rates of all species, with B. dorsalis affected most strongly. Male longevity was greater than that of females for all species in all temperature regimes. Two distinctly different life history patterns were evident: (1) early reproduction, short life span, and a high intrinsic rate of increase (C. capitata), and (2) later onset of reproduction, longer life span, and a lower intrinsic rate of increase (B. cucurbitae). JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Vargas, R I AU - Walsh, WA AU - Kanehisa, D AU - Stark, J D AU - Nishida, T AD - U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 75 EP - 81 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0013-8746&volume=93&page=75] VL - 93 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - Fruit flies KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Bactrocera dorsalis KW - Bactrocera cucurbitae KW - Tephritidae KW - Demography KW - Life history KW - Reproduction KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17547029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Comparative+Demography+of+Three+Hawaiian+Fruit+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+at+Alternating+Temperatures&rft.au=Vargas%2C+R+I%3BWalsh%2C+WA%3BKanehisa%2C+D%3BStark%2C+J+D%3BNishida%2C+T&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282000%29093%280075%3ACDOTHF%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Bactrocera cucurbitae; Ceratitis capitata; Bactrocera dorsalis; Temperature effects; Life history; Demography; Reproduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2000)093(0075:CDOTHF)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The demographic role of soil seed banks. I. Spatial and temporal comparisons of below- and above-ground populations of the desert mustard Lesquerella fendleri AN - 17538690; 4723178 AB - 1 Although seed banks may often affect the colonization, succession and structure of surface plant communities, few studies have investigated the demographic relationship between seeds in the soil and above-ground plant populations over space and time. We examined this relationship in the perennial mustard Lesquerella fendleri between 1991 and 1994 within a New Mexico desert ecosystem characterized by open patches of soil (intershrub areas) interspersed with dominant creosote (Larrea tridentata) shrubs (subshrub areas). 2 For the first 2 years of the study, Lesquerella soil seed, surface plant and seed production densities were greater in subshrub vs. intershrub areas. Within the subshrub areas, there were more Lesquerella soil seeds and surface plants in the northern and central microsites, compared with the southern and perimeter microsites, respectively. The mean density of the subshrub seed bank did not increase following large inputs of new seeds (2400 seeds m super(-2)) in the summer of 1992. In contrast, virtually all of the relatively modest Lesquerella intershrub seed production at this time (169 seeds m super(-2)) appeared to survive, so that for the remainder of the study most soil seeds were found in the intershrub sites. This spatial reversal of seed bank densities preceded a similar switch in the relative densities of the Lesquerella sub- and intershrub surface plant populations in the last 2 years of the study. 3 This study supports the hypothesis that desert seed bank patchiness contributes to surface plant patchiness, but does not support the idea that seed banks are comprised primarily of seeds produced during favourable reproductive periods. Because there was a closer spatial match between Lesquerella soil seeds and surface plants than between soil seeds and seed production, the above-ground population may be limited to sites favourable for soil seed persistence. JF - Journal of Ecology AU - Cabin, R J AU - Marshall, D L AD - USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 23 E. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA, cabinr@aloha.net Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 283 EP - 292 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0477, 0022-0477 KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Demography KW - Seed banks KW - Lesquerella fendleri KW - Plant communities KW - Population structure KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17538690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+demographic+role+of+soil+seed+banks.+I.+Spatial+and+temporal+comparisons+of+below-+and+above-ground+populations+of+the+desert+mustard+Lesquerella+fendleri&rft.au=Cabin%2C+R+J%3BMarshall%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Cabin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.issn=00220477&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2745.2000.00443.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lesquerella fendleri; Demography; Seed banks; Plant communities; Population structure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00443.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The demographic role of soil seed banks. II. Investigations of the fate of experimental seeds of the desert mustard Lesquerella fendleri AN - 17537415; 4723182 AB - 1 Although poorly studied and understood, the post-dispersal movements and fates of seeds may affect critically the subsequent structure of plant communities, particularly in desert ecosystems where seeds can be the most abundant or only viable form of many plant species. We investigated the fate of experimental seeds of the desert mustard Lesquerella fendleri by examining seed dispersal and predation, and by quantifying the proportion of seeds that germinated and survived as seedlings in three different microsites within a New Mexico desert shrubland. 2 We found very limited seed dispersal but strong density-dependent seed predation by rodents. There was a significant and consistent microsite effect in the proportion of soil seeds germinating and seedlings surviving to the end of the experiments. We did not find a consistent microsite effect for soil seed persistence, but did find a positive correlation between soil seed persistence and soil seed germination. Overall, these results indicate that seed predation may strongly affect the distribution of the seed bank, and that the abiotic environment may largely determine the extent to which soil seed populations in turn affect the distribution of emerging surface plants. 3 We present a seed fate model that synthesizes the results of the present and previous empirical investigations of the Lesquerella study system. This diagram illustrates how interactions among the abiotic environment, microsite variation and seed genotypes can determine which soil seeds successfully germinate and establish into the surface plant population. We suggest that the demography of desert surface plant populations may depend more on the time between seed inputs and the longevity of these seeds in the soil than on the amount of seeds produced at any one point in time and space. JF - Journal of Ecology AU - Cabin, R J AU - Marshall, D L AU - Mitchell, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 23 E. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA, cabinr@aloha.net Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 293 EP - 302 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0477, 0022-0477 KW - Population structure KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Demography KW - Seed dispersal KW - Seed banks KW - Seed predation KW - Lesquerella fendleri KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17537415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+demographic+role+of+soil+seed+banks.+II.+Investigations+of+the+fate+of+experimental+seeds+of+the+desert+mustard+Lesquerella+fendleri&rft.au=Cabin%2C+R+J%3BMarshall%2C+D+L%3BMitchell%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Cabin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.issn=00220477&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2745.2000.00444.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lesquerella fendleri; Seed dispersal; Demography; Seed banks; Seed predation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00444.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decomposition of Metrosideros polymorpha leaf litter along elevational gradients in Hawaii AN - 17518941; 4706898 AB - We examined interactions between temperature, soil development, and decomposition on three elevational gradients, the upper and lower ends of each being situated on a common lava flow or ash deposit. We used the reciprocal transplant technique to estimate decomposition rates of Metrosideros polymorpha leaf litter during a three-year period at warm and cool ends of each gradient. Litter quality was poorest early in soil development or where soils were most intensely leached and waterlogged. In situ litter decomposition was slowest on the young 1855 flow (k = 0.26 and 0.14 at low and high elevation, respectively). The more fertile Laupahoehoe gradient also supported more rapid in situ decay at the warmer low elevation site (k = 0.90) than at high elevation (k = 0.51). The gradient with the most advanced soil development showed no difference for in situ decay at low and high elevations (k = 0.88 and 0.99, respectively) probably due to low soil nutrient availability at low elevation, which counteracted the effect of warmer temperature. Comparisons of in situ, common litter, and common site experiments indicated that site factors influenced decomposition more than litter quality did. The effect of temperature, however, could be over-ridden by soil fertility or other site factors. Field gradient studies of this sort yield variable estimates of apparent Q sub(10), even under the best conditions, due to interactions among temperature, moisture, nutrient availability, decomposer communities and litter quality. Such interactions may be as likely to occur with changing climate as they are along elevational gradients. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Scowcroft, P G AU - Turner AU - Vitousek, P M AD - Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, pscowcro/psw_ipif@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 73 EP - 85 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Leaf litter KW - Altitude KW - Metrosideros polymorpha KW - Gradients KW - Decomposition KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17518941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Decomposition+of+Metrosideros+polymorpha+leaf+litter+along+elevational+gradients+in+Hawaii&rft.au=Scowcroft%2C+P+G%3BTurner%3BVitousek%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Scowcroft&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2486.2000.00282.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metrosideros polymorpha; Gradients; Decomposition; Leaf litter; Altitude DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00282.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decay heat experiment on thirty-two fusion reactor relevant materials irradiated by 14-MeV neutrons AN - 17507327; 4694330 AB - Highly accurate calculation of decay heat is important in safety designs of fusion reactors against loss of coolant/flow accidents. To provide experimental data of decay heat needed for validation of the design calculations, a systematic decay heat experiment was performed. Thirty-two fusion reactor relevant materials were irradiated by 14-MeV neutrons, and decay heat produced in the materials was measured by the Whole Energy Absorption Spectrometer in a cooling time period from 1 min to 400 days with typical experimental errors of 6-10%. Source neutron flux spectra at irradiation positions, which were needed for successive analyses, were determined. Lessons about sequential reactions, impurities, reactions induced by low energy neutrons and radiolysis which should be considered in activation analyses for fusion reactors were learned from the experimental analyses. The experimental data with the source neutron conditions are to be used for investigating the validity of decay heat calculation codes, activation cross section libraries and decay data libraries. JF - Fusion Engineering and Design AU - Maekawa, F AU - Ikeda, Y AD - Fusion Neutronics Laboratory (FNS), Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan, fujio@fnshp.tokai.jaeri.go.jp Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 377 EP - 388 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0920-3796, 0920-3796 KW - loss of coolant accidents KW - safety engineering KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Thermodynamics KW - Irradiation KW - Fusion reactors KW - Decay KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17507327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fusion+Engineering+and+Design&rft.atitle=Decay+heat+experiment+on+thirty-two+fusion+reactor+relevant+materials+irradiated+by+14-MeV+neutrons&rft.au=Maekawa%2C+F%3BIkeda%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Maekawa&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fusion+Engineering+and+Design&rft.issn=09203796&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0920-3796%2899%2900079-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thermodynamics; Decay; Irradiation; Fusion reactors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0920-3796(99)00079-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of feeding ewe lambs a 15% tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC) pellet pre- and post-weaning on the subsequent diet selection of tarbush AN - 17504059; 4696459 AB - The shrub Flourensia cernua (tarbush) has rapidly increased in dominance within Chihuahuan Desert grasslands, and is comparable to alfalfa in nutrient content. Increasing tarbush in livestock diets may improve diet quality, but reduces tarbush dominance. We examined dietary selection for tarbush by sheep, and the effect of previous exposure on selection. Thirty-eight ewe lambs received either tarbush or alfalfa in a sorghum-based pellet 120 days postparturition, after which dietary selection was assessed. Previous exposure to tarbush deterred lambs from tarbush consumption. Lambs without previous exposure maintained greater intakes initially, but this declined with time, which corresponds with the onset of tarbush toxicosis. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Fredrickson, EL AU - Estell, R E AU - Havstad, K M AU - Shupe, W L AU - Murray, L W AD - USDA-ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, P.O. Box 30003, MSC 3 JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces NM 88003, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 123 EP - 131 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Juveniles KW - North America KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Flourensia cernua KW - Weaning KW - Food selection KW - Y 25497:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17504059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+feeding+ewe+lambs+a+15%25+tarbush+%28Flourensia+cernua+DC%29+pellet+pre-+and+post-weaning+on+the+subsequent+diet+selection+of+tarbush&rft.au=Fredrickson%2C+EL%3BEstell%2C+R+E%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BShupe%2C+W+L%3BMurray%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Fredrickson&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.1999.0571 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flourensia cernua; Diets; Weaning; Food selection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0571 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and Nutrition of Baldcypress Families Planted Under Varying Salinity Regimes in Louisiana, USA AN - 17499133; 4691077 AB - Saltwater intrusion from the Gulf of Mexico is one important factor in the destruction of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) swamps along the Louisiana Gulf Coast, USA. Recent restoration efforts have focused on identification of baldcypress genotypes with greater tolerance to saline conditions than previously reported. To date, salt tolerance investigations have not been conducted under saline field conditions. In 1996, therefore, three plantations were established with 10 half-sib genotype collections of baldcypress in mesohaline wetlands. Tree survival and growth were measured at the end of two growing seasons, and foliar ion concentrations of Na, Cl, K, and Ca and available soil nutrients were measured during the 1996 growing season. In general, soil nutrient concentrations exceeded averages found in other baldcypress stands in the southeastern United States. Seedlings differed among sites in all parameters measured, with height, diameter, foliar biomass, and survival decreasing as site salinity increased. Average seedling height at the end of two years, for example, was 196.4 cm on the lowest salinity site and 121.6 cm on the highest. Several half-sib families maintained greater height growth increments (ranging from 25.5 to 54.5 cm on the highest salinity site), as well as lower foliar ion concentrations of K, Cl, and Ca. Results indicate that genotypic screening of baldcypress may improve growth and vigor of seedlings planted within wetlands impacted by saltwater intrusion. JF - Journal of Coastal Research AU - Krauss, K W AU - Chambers, J L AU - Allen, JA AU - Soileau, DM Jr AU - DeBosier, A S AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA, kkrauss/psw_ipif@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 153 EP - 163 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0208, 0749-0208 KW - Baldcypress KW - Mexico Gulf KW - USA, Louisiana, Gulf Coast KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Tolerance KW - Trees KW - Survival KW - Genotypes KW - Nutrition KW - Restoration KW - Biochemical composition KW - Salinity KW - Salinity effects KW - Ecosystem management KW - Wetlands KW - Saline Water Intrusion KW - Plant populations KW - Swamps KW - Growth rate KW - Ions KW - Plant Growth KW - Rehabilitation KW - Taxodium distichum KW - Brackish KW - Salinity tolerance KW - Saline intrusion KW - Coastal zone management KW - Plant nutrition KW - Plant physiology KW - Nature conservation KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - O 6060:Coastal Zone Resources and Management KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17499133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.atitle=Growth+and+Nutrition+of+Baldcypress+Families+Planted+Under+Varying+Salinity+Regimes+in+Louisiana%2C+USA&rft.au=Krauss%2C+K+W%3BChambers%2C+J+L%3BAllen%2C+JA%3BSoileau%2C+DM+Jr%3BDeBosier%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Krauss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.issn=07490208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Survival; Salinity tolerance; Genotypes; Saline intrusion; Restoration; Coastal zone management; Biochemical composition; Plant nutrition; Salinity effects; Plant physiology; Ecosystem management; Nature conservation; Wetlands; Plant populations; Swamps; Ions; Tolerance; Salinity; Rehabilitation; Plant Growth; Trees; Saline Water Intrusion; Nutrition; Taxodium distichum; ASW, USA, Louisiana; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic analysis of Saccharothrix and related taxa: proposal for Actinosynnemataceae fam. nov AN - 17498273; 4691946 AB - Partial sequences for 16S rDNA were determined for strains of the genus Saccharothrix, including most described species, as well as strains of the described species of the related genera Kutzneria, Actinokineospora and Actinosynnema. These were aligned with published sequences for other species of these genera, as well as those of the genera `Actinoalloteichus', `Asiosporangium', Lentzea, Kutzneria, Streptoalloteichus and representative taxa from other actinomycete families. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data showed that species of the genera Actinokineospora, Actinosynnema, Lentzea and Saccharothrix are members of the same clade, and distinct from the Pseudonocardiaceae. It is proposed that a new family be created within the class Actinobacteria for these genera, to be called the Actinosynnemataceae on the basis of the oldest described genus within this family, Actinosynnema Hasegawa et al. The chemotaxonomic properties of all the genera to be placed within the new family have similar cell wall type (type III), whole-cell sugars (generally galactose although mannose and rhamnose may be present), phospholipid type (PII) and menaquinones [MK-9(H(4)) predominant]. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Labeda, D P AU - Kroppenstedt, R M AD - Microbial Properties Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 331 EP - 336 PB - Society for General Microbiology VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - new families KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Actinosynnemataceae KW - Actinosynnema KW - Actinokineospora KW - Taxonomy KW - Saccharothrix KW - Systematics KW - Kutzneria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17498273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+analysis+of+Saccharothrix+and+related+taxa%3A+proposal+for+Actinosynnemataceae+fam.+nov&rft.au=Labeda%2C+D+P%3BKroppenstedt%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Labeda&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Actinosynnemataceae; Saccharothrix; Kutzneria; Actinokineospora; Actinosynnema; Phylogeny; Taxonomy; Systematics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Home Range Use by Swamp Rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) in a Frequently Inundated Bottomland Forest AN - 17491728; 4679866 AB - Home range size of six swamp rabbits in south-central Arkansas was estimated by radio-telemetry from February 1991 through March 1992. The average home range size was significantly larger than previously reported estimates. This difference is partly attributable to the large number of observations per rabbit in our study, but may also be explained by our inclusion of numerous locations of swamp rabbits during periods of deep inundation. All of the individual rabbits tracked used different areas when the study site was flooded. These results provide the first quantitative description of the response of swamp rabbits to flooding. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Zollner, P A AU - Smith, W P AU - Brennan, LA AD - USDA, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 64 EP - 69 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0003-0031&volume=143&page=64] VL - 143 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Swamp rabbit KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Flooded areas KW - Forests KW - Habitat utilization KW - Home range KW - Sylvilagus aquaticus KW - Y 25387:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17491728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Home+Range+Use+by+Swamp+Rabbits+%28Sylvilagus+aquaticus%29+in+a+Frequently+Inundated+Bottomland+Forest&rft.au=Zollner%2C+P+A%3BSmith%2C+W+P%3BBrennan%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Zollner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282000%29143%280064%3AHRUBSR%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sylvilagus aquaticus; Home range; Habitat utilization; Flooded areas; Forests DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2000)143(0064:HRUBSR)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A conceptual ozone dose-response model to develop a standard to protect vegetation AN - 17490647; 4682230 AB - The present air quality standard to protect vegetation from ozone is based on a measured concentration (i.e., exposure) rather than on plant uptake rates (or dose). Proposed exposure-based standards have led to concerns about the appropriateness of chamber studies. There has also been some debate about the importance of the diel phase difference between plant conductance and ozone concentration in assessing the potential for plant damage. In this paper, we use physical reasoning based on (i) plant defenses and (ii) general resistance concepts of dry deposition to derive a suggested general form of a dose-based standard. The dose-based standard is then related to the more traditional exposure-based standard. Although we develop the model in terms of plant injury, we also discuss how the model can be extended to include damage, which historically has been the focus of air quality standards. With this new dose-based approach, we clarify some of the issues concerning chambers and the interaction of the daily cycles of ozone concentration and plant stomatal conductance. We further demonstrate that (i) weighted fluxes can be used as a surrogate for plant defenses, (ii) injury or damage to vegetation is more likely to be correlated with a dose-based index that differentially weights ambient ozone concentration or plant uptake rates than one which does not, (iii) the potential for ozone injury or damage to plants can occur throughout the day, and (iv) when assessing the potential for plant damage, a differentially weighted flux-based standard is likely to be more precise and more discriminating than a cumulative ozone-based exposure index. Finally, because our basic premise relies on plant defensive mechanisms, we outline areas of research that are necessary before a dose-based standard can be implemented. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Massman, W J AU - Musselman, R C AU - Lefohn, A S AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80528-2098, USA, wmassman/rmrs@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 745 EP - 759 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air quality standards KW - Dose-response effects KW - Vegetation KW - Environmental protection KW - Ozone KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17490647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=A+conceptual+ozone+dose-response+model+to+develop+a+standard+to+protect+vegetation&rft.au=Massman%2C+W+J%3BMusselman%2C+R+C%3BLefohn%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Massman&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2899%2900395-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental protection; Vegetation; Ozone; Air quality standards; Dose-response effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00395-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between ambient ozone regimes and white clover forage production using different ozone exposure indexes AN - 17487701; 4682229 AB - Plant responses to seasonal exposure to tropospheric ozone (O sub(3)) are mediated by interactions with physical and genetic factors that complicate attempts to develop a measure of O sub(3) exposure (exposure index) that best relates to plant response. Dozens of exposure indexes have been tested for best fit to yield response data from open-top chamber studies. These tests have limited applicability because of possible confounding caused by variability in experimental protocols used in chamber dose-response studies. A 2-yr study in ambient air at eight locations in the USA measured relative effects of ambient O sub(3) on forage weight of a sensitive (NC-S) and a resistant (NC-R) clone of white clover. Protocols included uniform growth medium, irrigation, exposure duration and genetics (clones). Plants were harvested to determine NC-S/NC-R forage biomass ratios after each of four 28-day periods. High ratios indicated low O sub(3) concentrations, and low ratios indicated high concentrations. We used these results in attempts to identify the relative suitability of several exposure indexes in defining O sub(3) exposure-forage biomass relationships. Indexes were calculated using combinations of O sub(3) exposure forms (SUM00, SUM06, W95, W126, and AOT04), diurnal and seasonal accumulating times and harvests. Squared correlations (r super(2)'s) between the index and biomass ratio were used as a general indication of relative suitability of the different indexes. Squared correlations were much higher for indexes coupled with harvests 2, 3 and 4, than for harvest 1. Even higher r super(2)'s occurred for indexes coupled with the combined mean forage ratio for harvests 2, 3 and 4. Squared correlations were most sensitive to the choice of hourly averaging times. Lowest r super(2)'s occurred for the 24 h accumulating period, much higher r super(2)'s occurred for the 12 h daylight period, and the highest r super(2)'s occurred for periods of 6 h or less during midday, regardless of all other factors. The exposure form was important only for 24 h indexes for which SUM00 gave the lowest r super(2)'s. All forms, including SUM00, produced similarly high r super(2)'s for 6, 5, and 4 h midday accumulating times. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Heagle, A S AU - Stefanski, LA AD - USDA-ARS Air Quality, Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, 3908 Inwood Road, Raleigh, NC 27603, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 735 EP - 744 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Dose-response effects KW - Plants KW - Ozone KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17487701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+ambient+ozone+regimes+and+white+clover+forage+production+using+different+ozone+exposure+indexes&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BStefanski%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2899%2900354-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ozone; Dose-response effects; Plants; Bioaccumulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00354-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nocturnal stomatal conductance and ambient air quality standards for ozone AN - 17487678; 4682228 AB - Vegetation response to ozone depends on ozone conductance into leaves and the defensive action inside the leaf. Ozone parameters currently used for air quality standards do not incorporate conductance or defensive components. Nighttime flux has often been ignored in ozone metrics relating to plant response, since ozone concentration and conductance are considered to be minimal at night. However, ozone concentration can remain relatively high at night, particularly in mountainous areas. Although conductance is lower at night than during the day for most plants, nocturnal conductance can result in considerable ozone flux into plants. Further, plants can be more susceptible to ozone exposure at night than during the daytime, a result of lower plant defenses at night. Any ozone metric used to relate air quality to plant response should use a 24 h ozone exposure period to include the nighttime exposures. It should also incorporate plant defensive mechanisms or their surrogate. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Musselman, R C AU - Minnick, T J AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526-2098, USA, bobm@lamar.ColoState.edu Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 719 EP - 733 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - nocturnal conductance KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air quality standards KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Plants KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17487678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Nocturnal+stomatal+conductance+and+ambient+air+quality+standards+for+ozone&rft.au=Musselman%2C+R+C%3BMinnick%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Musselman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=719&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2899%2900355-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ozone; Plants; Bioaccumulation; Air quality standards DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00355-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wood and understory production under a range of ponderosa pine stocking levels, Black Hills, South Dakota AN - 17485460; 4685880 AB - Stemwood and understory production (kg ha super(-1)) were estimated during 3 nonconsecutive years on 5 growing stock levels of ponderosa pine including clearcuts and unthinned stands. Stemwood production was consistently greater at mid- and higher pine stocking levels, and understory production was greater in stands with less pine; however, there were no differences in total (stemwood + understory) production. Based on loss of productivity, there is no argument that small clearcuts and unthinned stands should not be included in site plans. They contribute significantly to community structure, particularly to plant and animal species richness. JF - Western North American Naturalist AU - Uresk, D W AU - Edminster, C B AU - Severson, KE AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Center for Great Plains Ecosystem Research, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Campus, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 93 EP - 97 PB - Monte L. Bean Life Sciences Museum, Brigham Young University VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 1527-0904, 1527-0904 KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - USA, South Dakota KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Stocking rates KW - Forest practices KW - Understory KW - conifers KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17485460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Wood+and+understory+production+under+a+range+of+ponderosa+pine+stocking+levels%2C+Black+Hills%2C+South+Dakota&rft.au=Uresk%2C+D+W%3BEdminster%2C+C+B%3BSeverson%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Uresk&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.issn=15270904&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Understory; Forest practices; Forest management; conifers; Stocking rates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and development of tobacco hornworm larvae on tobacco plants grown under elevated levels of ozone AN - 17484484; 4682943 AB - Tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum were grown under different levels of ozone (O sub(3)) in open-top chambers. Ozone concentrations were established by charcoal filtration, which reduced O sub(3) to approximately one-half ambient, or by the addition of O sub(3) to unfiltered air to increase concentrations to approximately 1.4 or 1.7 times ambient O sub(3). Survival of tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, larvae was increased when second instars were fed tobacco leaves grown in chambers with elevated levels of O sub(3). Second instars also gained significantly more weight when they were fed for one week on plants exposed to elevated levels of O sub(3) than when they were fed plants grown in charcoal-filtered air. Ozone-treated tobacco plants had higher levels of total nitrogen (primarily reduced nitrogen) and soluble carbohydrates (sugars), and lower levels of leaf-surface components, starch, nicotine, and rutin. Increased survival and growth response of hornworm larvae to elevated O sub(3) levels in these experiments suggests that similar responses could occur in the southeastern US tobacco production areas where O sub(3) levels can be high enough to injure tobacco plants. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Jackson, D M AU - Rufty, T W AU - Heagle, A S AU - Severson, R F AU - Eckel, RVW AD - USDA, ARS, US Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Hawk moths KW - Ozone KW - tobacco KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Sphingidae KW - Manduca sexta KW - Survival KW - Development KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Atmospheric conditions KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17484484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Survival+and+development+of+tobacco+hornworm+larvae+on+tobacco+plants+grown+under+elevated+levels+of+ozone&rft.au=Jackson%2C+D+M%3BRufty%2C+T+W%3BHeagle%2C+A+S%3BSeverson%2C+R+F%3BEckel%2C+RVW&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005440025509 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sphingidae; Nicotiana tabacum; Manduca sexta; Survival; Development; Atmospheric conditions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005440025509 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of pH on Survival, Thermotolerance, and Verotoxin Production of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during Simulated Fermentation and Storage AN - 17484122; 4683897 AB - Heat treatment is increasingly being introduced to fermented meat processing, since the acid tolerance properties of Escherichia coli O157:H7 can permit this organism to survive traditional processing procedures. This study investigated the effect of growth pH and fermentation on the thermotolerance at 55 degree C of E. coli O157:H7 in a model fermented meat system. E. coli O157:H7 (strain 380-94) was grown at pH 5.6 or 7.4 (18 h at 37 degree C), fermented to pH 4.8 or 4.4 in brain heart infusion broth, and stored for 96 h. Cells grown at pH 5.6 had higher D values at 55 degree C (D sub(55 degree C)) than cells grown at pH 7.4 (P < 0.001). Cells fermented to pH 4.8 had higher D sub(55 degree C) than those fermented to pH 4.4 (P < 0.001). Cells fermented to pH 4.8 demonstrated an increase in D sub(55 degree C) during storage (P < 0.001), whereas cells fermented to pH 4.4 showed a decrease in D sub(55 degree C) during the same period (P < 0.001). The effect of growth pH on verotoxin production by E. coli O157:H7 was assessed using the verotoxin assay. Cells grown at pH 5.6 had lower verotoxin production then cells grown at pH 7.4. This effect was not sustained over storage. These results indicate that a lower growth pH can confer cross-protection against heat. This has implications for the production of acidic foods, such as fermented meat, during which a heating step may be used to improve product safety. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Duffy, G AU - Riordan, DCR AU - Sheridan, J J AU - Call, JE AU - Whiting, R C AU - Blair, I S AU - McDowell, DA AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, driordan@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 12 EP - 18 VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - survival KW - verocytotoxins KW - verotoxins KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Food KW - Heat tolerance KW - Escherichia coli O157:H7 KW - Toxins KW - Escherichia coli KW - Thermal stability KW - pH effects KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17484122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+pH+on+Survival%2C+Thermotolerance%2C+and+Verotoxin+Production+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+during+Simulated+Fermentation+and+Storage&rft.au=Duffy%2C+G%3BRiordan%2C+DCR%3BSheridan%2C+J+J%3BCall%2C+JE%3BWhiting%2C+R+C%3BBlair%2C+I+S%3BMcDowell%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli O157:H7; Escherichia coli; Food; pH effects; Heat tolerance; Thermal stability; Toxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Allelopathic effects of volatile cineoles on two weedy plant species AN - 17483726; 4682960 AB - The volatile monoterpene analogs, 1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole, have been identified as components of many plant essential oils, but relatively little is known about their biological activities. We compared the effects of 1,4- and 1,8-cineole on two weedy plant species by monitoring germination, mitosis, root and shoot growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency. 1,4-Cineole severely inhibited growth of roots and shoots, causing cork-screw shaped morphological distortion, whereas 1,8-cineole caused a decrease in root growth and germination rates. Chlorophyll fluorescence data (yield and F sub(v)/F sub(m)) indicated that 1,4-cineole caused significantly higher stress (P less than or equal to 0.001) to photosynthesis when compared to controls. Mitotic index data showed that 1,8-cineole severely decreased (P less than or equal to 0.001) all stages of mitosis when compared with controls, while 1,4-cineole only caused a decrease in the prophase stage (P less than or equal to 0.05). Although superficially similar in structure, these two cineoles appear to have different modes of action. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Romagni, J G AU - Allen, S N AU - Dayan, F E AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 303 EP - 314 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - monoterpenes KW - 1,4-cineole KW - 1,8-cineole KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Weeds KW - Growth KW - Volatiles KW - Allelopathy KW - Allelochemicals KW - Essential oils KW - Biological activity KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - R 18101:Perfumery, essential oils & spices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17483726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Allelopathic+effects+of+volatile+cineoles+on+two+weedy+plant+species&rft.au=Romagni%2C+J+G%3BAllen%2C+S+N%3BDayan%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Romagni&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005414216848 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Volatiles; Essential oils; Allelochemicals; Allelopathy; Growth; Weeds; Biological activity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005414216848 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Evaluation of the Use of The Nature Conservancy Vegetation Classification for Mapping Bird Distribution at Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge AN - 17482977; 4681502 AB - We evaluated the use of The Nature Conservancy vegetation classification for mapping bird distributions on Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. We conducted 328 point counts in 10 plant alliances and, using goodness-of-fit tests, tested the hypothesis that bird species were randomly distributed among plant alliances. Using cluster analysis, we also evaluated similarity in bird species composition among plant alliances. Of 56 bird species that were abundant enough for analysis, 53 were nonrandomly distributed among plant alliances; of these, 9 bird species selected only one plant alliance. The results of the cluster analysis indicated that bird species composition was similar among the three tree-dominated plant alliances, as well as among the three medium- and short-grass-dominated alliances. In contrast, both shrub-dominated alliances and one grass-dominated alliance had bird species compositions that were very dissimilar to all other plant alliances. Thus, it appears that some bird species are habitat specific at the plant alliance level; however, the correspondence between bird species distributions and plant alliances depends partially on the plant alliance under consideration. We conclude that The Nature Conservancy plant alliances are useful for mapping bird distributions; however, in areas in which the vegetation has not been classified, standard correlational approaches to analyzing bird habitat relationships would be equally effective. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - King, DI AU - Griffin, C R AU - Champlin, P J AU - Champlin, T B AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-4210, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 78 EP - 84 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Birds KW - USA, Virginia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Shrubs KW - Aves KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Spatial distribution KW - Grasses KW - Mapping KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17482977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=An+Evaluation+of+the+Use+of+The+Nature+Conservancy+Vegetation+Classification+for+Mapping+Bird+Distribution+at+Chincoteague+National+Wildlife+Refuge&rft.au=King%2C+DI%3BGriffin%2C+C+R%3BChamplin%2C+P+J%3BChamplin%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=DI&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Mapping; Spatial distribution; Shrubs; Grasses; Vegetation patterns ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying simultaneous fluxes of ozone, carbon dioxide and water vapor above a subalpine forest ecosystem AN - 17481544; 4675178 AB - Assessing the long-term exchange of trace gases and energy between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is an important priority of the current climate change research. In this regard, it is particularly significant to provide valid data on simultaneous fluxes of carbon, water vapor and pollutants over representative ecosystems. Eddy covariance measurements and model analyses of such combined fluxes over a subalpine coniferous forest in southern Wyoming (USA) are presented. While the exchange of water vapor and ozone are successfully measured by the eddy covariance system, fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) are uncertain. This is established by comparing measured fluxes with simulations produced by a detailed biophysical model (FORFLUX). The bias in CO sub(2) flux measurements is partially attributed to below-canopy advection caused by a complex terrain. We emphasize the difficulty of obtaining continuous long-term flux data in mountainous areas by direct measurements. Instrumental records are combined with simulation models as a feasible approach to assess seasonal and annual ecosystem exchange of carbon, water and ozone in alpine environments. The viability of this approach is demonstrated by: (1) showing the ability of the FORFLUX model to predict observed fluxes over a 9-day period in the summer of 1996; and (2) applying the model to estimate seasonal dynamics and annual totals of ozone deposition and carbon, and water vapor exchange at our study site. Estimated fluxes above this subalpine ecosystem in 1996 are: 195 g C m super(-2) year super(-1) net ecosystem production, 277 g C m super(-2) year super(-1) net primary production, 535 mm year super(-1) total evapo-transpiration, 174 mm year super(-1) canopy transpiration, 2.9 g m super(-2) year super(-1) total ozone deposition, and 1.72 g O sub(3) m super(-2) year super(-1) plant ozone uptake via leaf stomata. Given the large portion of non-stomatal ozone uptake (i.e. 41% of the total annual flux) predicted for this site, we suggest that future research of pollution-vegetation interactions should relate plant response to actively assimilated ozone by foliage rather than to total deposition. In this regard, we propose the Physiological Ozone Uptake Per Unit of Leaf Area (POUPULA) as a practical index for quantifying vegetation vulnerability to ozone damage. We estimate POUPULA to be 0.614 g O sub(3) m super(-2) leaf area year super(-1) at our subalpine site in 1996. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Zeller, K F AU - Nikolov, N T AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 W. Prospect, Ft. Collins, CO 80526, USA, k.zeller@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 107 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - FORFLUX KW - POUPULA KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution effects KW - Vegetation KW - Forests KW - Air pollution KW - Vapors KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17481544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Quantifying+simultaneous+fluxes+of+ozone%2C+carbon+dioxide+and+water+vapor+above+a+subalpine+forest+ecosystem&rft.au=Zeller%2C+K+F%3BNikolov%2C+N+T&rft.aulast=Zeller&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2899%2900156-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forests; Ozone; Carbon dioxide; Vapors; Atmospheric chemistry; Vegetation; Air pollution; Pollution effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00156-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of pfkA for rapid growth of Enterobacter cloacae during colonization of crop seeds AN - 17469762; 4669380 AB - Enterobacter cloacae A-11 is a prototrophic, glycolytic mutant of strain 501R3 with a single transposon insertion in pfkA. The populations of strain A-11 on cucumber and radish seeds were smaller than the populations of strain 501R3 in natural soil, but the populations of these two strains on pea, soybean, sunflower, and sweet corn seeds were similar (D. P. Roberts, P. D. Dery, I. Yucel, J. Buyer, M. A. Holtman, and D. Y. Kobayashi, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:2513-2519, 1999). The net effect of the mutation in pfkA in vitro was a shift from rapid growth on certain carbohydrates detected in seed exudates to much slower growth on other carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids. The impact of the mutation in pfkA was greatest on the growth rate of E. cloacae on the seeds that released the smallest quantities of fructose, other carbohydrates, and amino acids. Corn, pea, soybean, and sunflower seeds released total amounts of carbohydrates and amino acids at rates that were approximately 10- to 100-fold greater than the rates observed with cucumber and radish seeds for the first 24 h after inhibition began. The growth rate of strain A-11 was significantly less (50% less) than the growth rate of strain 501R3 on radish seeds, and the growth rate of strain A-11 was too low to estimate on cucumber seeds in sterile sand for the first 24 h after inhibition began. The growth rate of strain A-11 was also significantly lower on soybean seeds, but it was only 17% lower than the growth rate of strain 501R3. The growth rates of strains 501R3 and A-11 were similar on pea, sunflower, and corn seeds in sterile sand for the first 30 h after imbibition began. Large reductions in the growth rates of strain A-11 on seeds were correlated with subsequent decreased levels of colonization of seeds compared to the levels of colonization of strain 501R3. The strain A-11 populations were significantly smaller than the strain 501R3 populations only on radish and cucumber seeds. The mutation in pfkA appears to decrease the level of colonization by E. cloacae for seeds that release small quantities of reduced carbon compounds by decreasing the size of the pool of compounds that support rapid growth by this bacterium. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Roberts, D P AU - Dery, P D AU - Yucel, I AU - Buyer, J S AD - Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, DROBERTS@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 87 EP - 91 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - growth KW - pfkA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Colonization KW - Plant diseases KW - Seeds KW - Enterobacter cloacae KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17469762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Importance+of+pfkA+for+rapid+growth+of+Enterobacter+cloacae+during+colonization+of+crop+seeds&rft.au=Roberts%2C+D+P%3BDery%2C+P+D%3BYucel%2C+I%3BBuyer%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterobacter cloacae; Seeds; Colonization; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of diminished tissue culture invasiveness among multiple antibiotic resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 AN - 17468666; 4669709 AB - Salmonella infections continue to cause gastrointestinal and systemic disease throughout the world. Salmonella typhimurium further poses a major health concern due to its apparent enhanced ability to acquire multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Currently it is unclear if multiresistant S. typhimurium are more or less pathogenic than non-resistant counterparts. Using an in vitro invasion assay, we evaluated the relative pathogenicity of over 400 multiresistant S. typhimurium isolates. Our studies failed to identify any "hyperinvasive" isolates. However, we identified 12 isolates exhibiting invasive phenotypes that were constrained relative to controls. These "hypoinvasive" strains were found in a variety of phagetypes all possessing at least a hexaresistant profile. Further studies revealed that the alterations in invasion were not due to changes in adherence. Limited studies exploring in vivo virulence revealed a mildly decreased ability to cause murine lethality for the hypoinvasive strain examined. These results indicate that the ability to cause disease is not increased but is rather mildly attenuated for certain isolates of multiresistant S. typhimurium. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Carlson, SA AU - Browning, M AU - Ferris, KE AU - Jones, B D AD - Enteric Diseases and Food Safety Research, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA, scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 37 EP - 44 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Invasiveness KW - Pathogenicity KW - Gastrointestinal tract diseases KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Public health KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17468666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Identification+of+diminished+tissue+culture+invasiveness+among+multiple+antibiotic+resistant+Salmonella+typhimurium+DT104&rft.au=Carlson%2C+SA%3BBrowning%2C+M%3BFerris%2C+KE%3BJones%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fmpat.1999.0322 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Invasiveness; Antibiotic resistance; Gastrointestinal tract diseases; Public health; Pathogenicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpat.1999.0322 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Streptococcus bovis meningitis in an infant AN - 17467555; 4669713 AB - Streptococcus bovis is a nonenterococcal, group D streptococcus which has been identified as a causative agent for serious human infections, including endocarditis, bacteremia, and septic arthritis. Several cases of adult S. bovis meningitis have been reported, usually in association with underlying disease. In the neonatal period, it is an uncommon agent of meningitis. We report, to our knowledge, the third documented case of neonatal S. bovis meningitis in the English language literature. As in the previous cases, this neonate showed no anatomical or congenital immunologic lesion which might be expected to predispose the patient to meningitis. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene was performed and a new PCR test was used to secure a more reliable identification of the strain. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Grant, R J AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Orr, JE AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA, whitehtr@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 462 EP - 463 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - rRNA 16S gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Infants KW - Meningitis KW - J 02848:Nervous system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17467555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Streptococcus+bovis+meningitis+in+an+infant&rft.au=Grant%2C+R+J%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R%3BOrr%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus bovis; Meningitis; Infants; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restriction endonuclease analysis using HhaI and HpaII to discriminate among group B Pasteurella multocida associated with haemorrhagic septicaemia AN - 17440553; 4654367 AB - The purpose of this study was to improve and standardise restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) for discriminating isolates of serogroup B Pasteurella multocida associated with haemorrhagic septicaemia in wild and domestic animals and to create a reference database that can be used for epidemiological studies. Two techniques for extraction and isolation of chromosomal DNA were compared, a DNAzol registered method and an enzymic lysis followed by a two-phase partition method. No differences were observed between DNA fingerprint profiles with either technique; however, the former technique was faster and easier to perform. P. multocida isolated from different animals in different countries representing serotypes B:2, B:3, B:3,4 and B:4 were subjected to REA with HhaI and HpaII endonucleases. Forty-eight fingerprint profiles were distinguished among 222 isolates when only HhaI was used. By combining the data from REA with HhaI and HpaII used separately, 88 different groups could be distinguished among the same isolates. Following digestion with HhaI and electrophoresis, the DNA of all serotype B:2 isolates produced fingerprint profiles characterised by two trailing bands at similar to 8.4-7.1 kb which have not been observed in any other serotypes of P. multocida. Passage of three serotype B:2 isolates on laboratory media or two serotype B:2 isolates through mice did not result in a change of DNA fingerprint profile detectable by REA. The findings with 59 isolates from Sri Lanka showed that REA was highly discriminative in determining the genetic diversity of serotype B:2 P. multocida in an area where haemorrhagic septicaemia is endemic. JF - Journal of Medical Microbiology AU - Rimler, R B AD - Avian and Swine Respiratory Diseases Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, rrimler@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 81 EP - 87 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2615, 0022-2615 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Hemorrhagic septicemia KW - Serotyping KW - Genetic diversity KW - Restriction endonuclease mapping KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17440553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Restriction+endonuclease+analysis+using+HhaI+and+HpaII+to+discriminate+among+group+B+Pasteurella+multocida+associated+with+haemorrhagic+septicaemia&rft.au=Rimler%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Rimler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00222615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; Hemorrhagic septicemia; Restriction endonuclease mapping; Genetic diversity; Serotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Return Rates Of Banded Granivores In Relation To Band Color And Number Of Bands Worn AN - 17304132; 5975207 AB - We tested the null hypotheses of (1) no effect of band color and (2) no effect of number of bands worn on annual recapture rates of birds on their winter range. Results are reported from four species of granivores-Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus), Golden-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla), White-crowned Sparrow (Z. leucophrys), and Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis). We found no effect of the number of bands worn on return rates of these species, nor did we detect an effect of band color on return rates. In the latter case, however, the power of our tests was low, and some results hinted at possible effects of color, especially yellow bands on Golden-crowned Sparrows. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Verner, J AU - Breese, D AU - Purcell, K L AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2081 East Sierra Ave. Fresno, California 93710 USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 117 EP - 125 PB - Association of Field Ornithologists VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17304132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Return+Rates+Of+Banded+Granivores+In+Relation+To+Band+Color+And+Number+Of+Bands+Worn&rft.au=Verner%2C+J%3BBreese%2C+D%3BPurcell%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0273-8570%282000%290712.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0273-8570&volume=71&page=117 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0273-8570(2000)071<0117:RROBGI>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diet Of Nestling Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers At Three Locations AN - 17298563; 5975208 AB - We conducted a 2-yr study of the nestling diet of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) at three locations to determine how it varied among sites. We photographed 5939 nest visits by adult woodpeckers delivering food items for nestlings. In 1994, we located cameras near three nest cavities on the Lower Coastal Plain of South Carolina and near two cavities at the Savannah River Site, which is on the Upper Coastal Plain. In 1995, cameras were installed on the Savannah River Site and in the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, Georgia. The cameras recorded adults bringing 33 different types of food to nestlings. Wood roaches (Blattoidea: Blattellidae, Parcoblatta spp.) were the most common food composing 50% of the diet overall. They were also the most common prey at each location and for all but one of the woodpecker groups studied. Wood roaches were recorded in 26% of the visits photographed on the Lower Coastal Plain and 62% of the nest visits on the Upper Coastal Plain in 1994. In 1995, wood roaches were recorded in 57% and 50% of the visits on the Upper Coastal Plain and Piedmont, respectively. Woodpeckers on the Lower Coastal Plain used blueberries (Vaccinum sp.) and sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae, Neodiprion sp.), two dietary items not commonly used at the other locations. Adults at two locations providing snail shells to nestlings possibly as an additional source of calcium. Morista's index of diet overlap (C) ranged from 0.94 to 0.99 for breeding males and females in the same group, from 0.63 to 0.99 among groups at the same location, and from 0.68 to 0.96 among locations. Because diet overlap of Red-cockaded Woodpecker nestlings at different geographical locations was within the range that occurred among groups at the same location, we conclude that nestling diets are similar across the geographical area studied, and that it varies little from year to year. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Hanula, J L AU - Lipscomb, D AU - Franzreb, KE AU - Loeb, S C AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 320 Green St., Athens, Georgia 30602-2044 USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 126 EP - 134 PB - Association of Field Ornithologists VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17298563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Diet+Of+Nestling+Red-Cockaded+Woodpeckers+At+Three+Locations&rft.au=Hanula%2C+J+L%3BLipscomb%2C+D%3BFranzreb%2C+KE%3BLoeb%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Hanula&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0273-8570%282000%290712.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0273-8570&volume=71&page=126 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0273-8570(2000)071<0126:DONRCW>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ranking the hazard level of wildlife species to aviation AN - 17040721; 4787098 AB - Aircraft collisions with birds and other wildlife are a serious economic and safety problem. However, all wildlife species are not equally hazardous to aviation. In implementing programs to reduce wildlife hazards, airport operators need guidance on the relative risk posed by various species so that management actions can be prioritized by the most hazardous species. Our objective was to rank various wildlife species as to their relative hazard to aircraft. We selected 21 species or species groups (e.g., gulls [Larus spp.]) for which there were greater than or equal to 17 strike reports in the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Wildlife Strike Database for civil aircraft in the United States, 1991-1998. We ranked the 21 groups for relative hazard to aircraft based on the percentage of strikes causing damage, major damage, and an effect-on-flight. Deer (Cervidae, primarily Odocoileus virginianus), vultures (Cathartidae), and geese (Anserini, primarily Branta canadensis) were ranked 1, 2, and 3, respectively, in the composite ranking for most hazardous species groups. Based on the relative hazard score, deer were clearly the most hazardous group, with the second (vultures) and third (geese) groups being only 52 to 63% as hazardous as deer. The 3 lowest-ranked groups (19-21; blackbirds-starlings [Icterinae-Sturnus vulgaris], sparrows [Emberizidae excluding Icterinae, Passeridae], and swallows [Hirundinidae]) were only 2 to 9% as hazardous as deer. Relative hazard score was strongly related (P<0.01) to mean body mass for the 21 species groups. Vultures and ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) showed a greater-than-expected hazard score relative to their mean body masses, whereas coyotes (Canis latrans) showed a less-than-expected rating. We believe this initial hazard rating system provides a useful guide to assist airport operators in prioritizing management actions to reduce strike hazards. These ratings should be used in conjunction with site-specific wildlife surveys to determine relative abundance and use patterns of wildlife species for the airports in question. A critical action needed to improve the rating system is to increase the identification of species struck by aircraft, which presently stands at <50%. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Dolbeer, R A AU - Wright, SE AU - Cleary, E C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA, richard.a.dolbeer@usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 372 EP - 378 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Birds KW - Deer KW - USA KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Hazards KW - Aircraft KW - Economics KW - Safety KW - Wildlife KW - Aves KW - Cervidae KW - D 04700:Management KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - R2 23020:Technological risks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17040721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Ranking+the+hazard+level+of+wildlife+species+to+aviation&rft.au=Dolbeer%2C+R+A%3BWright%2C+SE%3BCleary%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Dolbeer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; Cervidae; USA; Wildlife; Aircraft; Hazards; Economics; Risk assessment; Safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abiotic predictors of avian botulism outbreaks in Utah AN - 17039677; 4823775 AB - Avian botulism is a toxicosis responsible for large outbreaks in wild waterfowl and wading birds. The toxin is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum type C. We gathered existing climatological and streamflow data for the Bear River Delta of northeastern Utah to determine effects of environmental factors on probability of occurrence of an avian botulism outbreak. We built a logistic regression model using weather variables and streamflow amounts for 28 years, with a response variable if an outbreak occurred during each year. Winter-summer precipitation amounts and summer streamflow were predictors of outbreak probability (P<0.001). Outbreaks were more likely to occur during years of high winter-summer precipitation and high Bear River flows during summer. We concluded that these outbreak predictors may contribute to water-level fluctuations in managed wetland units, associated previously with outbreaks in this and other systems. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Barras, S C AU - Kadlec, JA AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA, scott.c.barras@usda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 724 EP - 729 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Birds KW - USA, Utah KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Bacteria KW - Water flow KW - Botulism KW - Water budget KW - USA, Utah, Bear R. Delta KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - Climatic conditions KW - Environmental factors KW - Toxins KW - Aves KW - Stream flow rate KW - Animal diseases KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17039677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Abiotic+predictors+of+avian+botulism+outbreaks+in+Utah&rft.au=Barras%2C+S+C%3BKadlec%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Barras&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=724&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water budget; Botulism; Stream flow rate; Environmental factors; Animal diseases; Bacteria; Water flow; Climatic conditions; Toxins; Aves; Clostridium botulinum; USA, Utah, Bear R. Delta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoextraction of selenium from soils irrigated with selenium-laden effluent AN - 16136615; 5397586 AB - This two-part study compared the efficacy of different plant species to extract Se from soils irrigated with Se-laden effluent. The species used were: Brassica napus L. (canola), Brassica juncea Czern L. and Coss (Indian mustard), and Hordeum vulgare L. (barley). In Study 1 we irrigated the plants with a saline effluent containing 0.150 mg Se L super(-1), while in Study 2, the same species were planted in a saline soil selenized with 2 mg Se L super(-1). Plants were simultaneously harvested 120 days after planting. In Study 1, there were only slight effects of treatment on dry matter (DM) yield. Plant Se concentrations averaged 21 mu g Se g super(-1) DM for the Brassica species, and 4.0 mu g Se g super(-1) DM for barley. Total Se added to soils via effluent decreased by 40% for Brassica species and by 20% for barley. In Study 2, total DM decreased for all species grown in saline soils containing Se. Plant Se concentrations averaged 75 mu g g super(-1) DM for Brassica species and 12 mu g Se g super(-1) DM for barley. Total Se added to soils prior to planting decreased by 40% for Brassica species and up to 12% for barley. In both studies, plant accumulation of Se accounted for at least 50% of the Se removed in soils planted to Brassica and up to 20% in soils planted to barley. Results show that although the tested Brassica species led to a significant reduction in Se added to soil via use of Se-laden effluent, additional plantings are necessary to further decrease Se content in the soil. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Zambrzuski, S AU - Mackey, B AD - USDA-ARS Water Management Research Laboratory, 2021 S. Peach, Fresno, CA 93727, USA, banuelos@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 251 EP - 258 VL - 224 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Barley KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Bioremediation KW - Soil Contamination KW - Wastewater Irrigation KW - Irrigation KW - Land application KW - Brassica juncea KW - Soil KW - Selenium KW - Phytoremediation KW - Brassica napus KW - Plants KW - Waste disposal KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16136615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Phytoextraction+of+selenium+from+soils+irrigated+with+selenium-laden+effluent&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BZambrzuski%2C+S%3BMackey%2C+B&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=224&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Selenium; Phytoremediation; Irrigation; Waste disposal; Land application; Bioremediation; Soil Contamination; Wastewater Irrigation; Plants; Hordeum vulgare; Brassica juncea; Brassica napus ER -