TY - JOUR T1 - Mutational analysis of the proteolytic cleavage site of glycoprotein B (gB) of Marek's disease virus. AN - 76941858; 7821796 AB - The Marek's disease virus (MDV) glycoprotein B (gB) precursor, gp100, is proteolytically cleaved into two disulfide-linked subunits, gp60 and gp49. In the gB homologs of most other herpesviruses, a tetrapeptide, Arg-Xaa-Arg-Arg, is immediately upstream from the predicted cleavage site. We have investigated the specificity of the proteolytic cleavage in gp100 by introducing mutations within its predicted cleavage site (Arg-Leu-Arg-Arg) and expressed these mutants in recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV). The results show that all three Arg residues at the predicted cleavage site play an important role in the specific proteolytic cleavage of gp100. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the cleavage of gp100 is not necessary for transport of gB to the cell surface. JF - Gene AU - Yoshida, S AU - Lee, L F AU - Yanagida, N AU - Nazerian, K AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823. Y1 - 1994/12/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Dec 15 SP - 303 EP - 306 VL - 150 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - Antigens, Viral KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Protein Precursors KW - Viral Envelope Proteins KW - glycoprotein B, Marek's disease virus KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Precursors -- metabolism KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Gene Expression KW - Methionine -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - Kinetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Consensus Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Cell Line KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- metabolism KW - Antigens, Viral -- biosynthesis KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76941858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Mutational+analysis+of+the+proteolytic+cleavage+site+of+glycoprotein+B+%28gB%29+of+Marek%27s+disease+virus.&rft.au=Yoshida%2C+S%3BLee%2C+L+F%3BYanagida%2C+N%3BNazerian%2C+K&rft.aulast=Yoshida&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-12-15&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in Peruvian children between 6 and 30 months of age. AN - 85224848; pmid-7977241 AB - OBJECTIVES: Cross-sectional studies of children in developing countries show a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection at 6 months of age, but a decrease in the prevalence of infection between 1 and 5 yr of age. The decrease suggests a loss or clearance of infection, an uncommon finding in adults. Our objective in this study was to determine the longitudinal persistence of H. pylori infection in young children. METHODS: We tested an initial cohort of 105 6-month-old infants at 6-month intervals with the 13C-urea breath test; 56 subjects were successfully studied for 2 yr or until 30 months of age. RESULTS: Overall prevalence decreased from 71.4% to 47.9% when children were between 6 and 18 months of age, and we found a significant gender difference (males 63.6-55.0%, females 80.0-38.7%, p = 0.03). Of the 56 subjects, six had negative breath tests at all 6-month intervals, 10 were consistently positive, and 36 subjects had one or more negative tests after a positive test. The overall probability of acquiring H. pylori in a given 6-month period ranged between 0.28 and 0.38; the probability of clearing the infection was between 0.22 and 0.45. During the first 18 months after birth, male infants were more likely to acquire H. pylori and less likely to clear the infection than female infants. CONCLUSION: We conclude that H. pylori colonization in infants may be a reversible process. JF - The American Journal of Gastroenterology AU - Klein, P D AU - Gilman, R H AU - Leon-Barua, R AU - Diaz, F AU - Smith, E O AU - Graham, D Y AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. PY - 1994 SP - 2196 EP - 2200 VL - 89 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9270, 0002-9270 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Human KW - Urea KW - Helicobacter Infections KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Peru KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Breath Tests KW - Female KW - Helicobacter pylori UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85224848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=The+epidemiology+of+Helicobacter+pylori+in+Peruvian+children+between+6+and+30+months+of+age.&rft.au=Klein%2C+P+D%3BGilman%2C+R+H%3BLeon-Barua%2C+R%3BDiaz%2C+F%3BSmith%2C+E+O%3BGraham%2C+D+Y&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.issn=00029270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insecticides and acaricides: resistance and environmental impact. AN - 77806211; 7711312 AB - Insecticides continue to be the primary means of control for ectoparasites on livestock. Intensive use of these materials has led to resistance to organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids among populations of Haematobia irritans irritans, H. irritans exigua and Lucilia cuprina. Similarly, use of acaricides has led to resistance in one-host Boophilus ticks to all currently-used organophosphate-carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids and amidines. Resistance in multi-host ticks is less widespread. New chemicals are available for the control of resistant ectoparasites, but there are concerns over resistance and residues problems, which prompt the authors to discuss new pest management strategies. Environmental concerns are raised regarding the use of pesticides on livestock. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Kunz, S E AU - Kemp, D H AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kerrville, Texas 78028. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1249 EP - 1286 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tick Control KW - Insect Control KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Animals, Domestic -- parasitology KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- veterinary KW - Environmental Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77806211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Insecticides+and+acaricides%3A+resistance+and+environmental+impact.&rft.au=Kunz%2C+S+E%3BKemp%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Kunz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversal of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) poisoning in cattle with physostigmine. AN - 77795300; 7900266 AB - Tall larkspur poisoning of cattle is a serious problem on western US rangelands. Single oral doses of tall larkspur ranging from 1.5 to 3 g/kg body weight were administered to steers. These doses caused clinical signs of muscular tremors and collapse. Physostigmine was administered iv, ip or sc at 0.04 to 0.08 mg/kg body weight when animals were sternally or laterally recumbent. Physostigmine given iv rapidly reversed the larkspur toxicity. Serial injections of physostigmine were generally necessary to reverse acute toxicity. Administration of physostigmine to grazing animals poisoned on larkspur was also effective. Physostigmine can be effective treatment for intoxicated cattle consuming tall larkspurs. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Pfister, J A AU - Panter, K E AU - Manners, G D AU - Cheney, C D AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 511 EP - 514 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - methyllycaconitine KW - 21019-30-7 KW - Physostigmine KW - 9U1VM840SP KW - Aconitine KW - X8YN71D5WC KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Male KW - Physostigmine -- pharmacology KW - Physostigmine -- administration & dosage KW - Plant Poisoning -- drug therapy KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Aconitine -- toxicity KW - Cattle Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Aconitine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Physostigmine -- therapeutic use KW - Aconitine -- administration & dosage KW - Plant Extracts -- administration & dosage KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77795300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Reversal+of+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+barbeyi%29+poisoning+in+cattle+with+physostigmine.&rft.au=Pfister%2C+J+A%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BCheney%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Administration of ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin to growing swine. AN - 77789988; 7887523 AB - Effects of dietary ochratoxin A (OA) and T-2 toxin, fed singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Thirty-six barrows (3 replicates of 3 for each of 4 treatment groups, mean body weight, 18.0 kg) were fed: 0 mg of OA and 0 mg of T-2/kg of feed (control); 2.5 mg of OA/kg of feed; 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of OA plus 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed; for 30 days. Production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic evaluations were made. Body weight and body weight gain were decreased by all toxin treatments, but the combination toxin treatment reduced weight gain more than did either of the toxins administered singly and could be considered additive. Liver weight was decreased by combination treatment, whereas kidney weight was increased by OA treatment. Ochratoxin decreased serum cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase values; reduced mean cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, and macrophage phagocytosis; and increased creatinine and total protein values. Consumption of T-2 toxin reduced hemoglobin and serum alkaline phosphatase values. The combination treatment decreased serum cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, mean cell volume, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values, as well as lymphoblastogenesis and phagocytosis, and increased serum creatinine concentration. We concluded that OA and T-2, singly or in combination, can affect clinical performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic values, and organ weights of growing barrows. Although some analytes were affected more by the combination than by either toxin alone, the interactions could best be described as additive, not synergistic. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Rottinghaus, G E AU - Corrier, D E AD - USDA, ARS, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1757 EP - 1761 VL - 55 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Ochratoxins KW - 0 KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Blood Chemical Analysis -- veterinary KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Blood Cell Count -- drug effects KW - Swine -- growth & development KW - Swine -- immunology KW - Ochratoxins -- toxicity KW - T-2 Toxin -- toxicity KW - Swine -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77789988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Administration+of+ochratoxin+A+and+T-2+toxin+to+growing+swine.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E%3BCorrier%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of hypochlorhydria due to omeprazole treatment or atrophic gastritis on protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption. AN - 77786986; 7706591 AB - To investigate the effects of hypochlorhydria and acidic drink ingestion on protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption in elderly subjects. Absorption of protein-bound vitamin B12 was examined in elderly normal subjects (n = 8), and in hypochlorhydric subjects due to omeprazole treatment (n = 8) or with atrophic gastritis (n = 3). Subjects underwent absorption tests of protein-bound vitamin B12 ingested with water, cranberry juice and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption was lower in the omeprazole-treated group (0.50%) compared to the normal group (1.21%; p < 0.001). With cranberry juice ingestion, the omeprazole-treated group showed an increase in absorbed protein-bound vitamin B12 (p = 0.025). With dilute hydrochloric acid ingestion, there was a further increase in vitamin B12 absorption (p < 0.001). Omeprazole causes protein-bound vitamin B12 malabsorption, and ingestion of an acidic drink improves protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption. JF - Journal of the American College of Nutrition AU - Saltzman, J R AU - Kemp, J A AU - Golner, B B AU - Pedrosa, M C AU - Dallal, G E AU - Russell, R M AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 584 EP - 591 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0731-5724, 0731-5724 KW - Pepsinogens KW - 0 KW - Omeprazole KW - KG60484QX9 KW - Vitamin B 12 KW - P6YC3EG204 KW - Hydrochloric Acid KW - QTT17582CB KW - Index Medicus KW - Pepsinogens -- blood KW - Administration, Oral KW - Humans KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Hydrochloric Acid -- pharmacology KW - Aged KW - Gastric Acidity Determination KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Protein Binding KW - Gastric Acid -- secretion KW - Hydrochloric Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Absorption KW - Female KW - Male KW - Achlorhydria -- etiology KW - Gastritis, Atrophic -- physiopathology KW - Omeprazole -- adverse effects KW - Gastritis, Atrophic -- complications KW - Achlorhydria -- physiopathology KW - Omeprazole -- therapeutic use KW - Achlorhydria -- chemically induced KW - Vitamin B 12 -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77786986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Effect+of+hypochlorhydria+due+to+omeprazole+treatment+or+atrophic+gastritis+on+protein-bound+vitamin+B12+absorption.&rft.au=Saltzman%2C+J+R%3BKemp%2C+J+A%3BGolner%2C+B+B%3BPedrosa%2C+M+C%3BDallal%2C+G+E%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Saltzman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=584&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=07315724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Am Coll Nutr. 1994 Dec;13(6):544-5 [7706583] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diethyl maleate, an in vivo chemical depletor of glutathione, affects the response of male and female rats to arsenic deprivation. AN - 77786400; 7702979 AB - An experiment was performed to determine the effect of diethyl maleate (DEM), an in vivo depletor of glutathione, on the response of male and female rats to arsenic deprivation. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment used groups of six weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Dietary variables were arsenic at 0 or 0.5 microgram/g and DEM at 0 or 0.25%; the third variable was gender. Animals were fed for 10 wk a casein-ground corn based diet that contained amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium similar to the AIN-76 diet. DEM supplementation increased blood arsenic in both male and female rats; female rats had the greatest amount of arsenic in whole blood. Although female rats in general had a lower concentration of glutathione in liver, those fed no supplemental DEM, regardless of their arsenic status, had the lowest amounts. Compared to males, female rats had a lower activity of liver glutathione S-transferase (GST). Arsenic deprivation decreased, and DEM supplementation increased liver GST activity in both male and female rats. Lung GST activity was also increased by DEM supplementation in male, but not female, rats. The most striking finding of the study was that compared to males, females had extremely elevated kidney calcium concentrations, and that the elevation was exacerbated by arsenic deprivation. DEM supplementation also exacerbated the accumulation of calcium in the kidney of the female rats. The response of the rat to both DEM and arsenic was, for many variables, dependent on gender. This gender dependence may be explained by the differences in methionine metabolism between male and female rats. Thus, arsenic deprivation apparently can manifest itself differently depending on gender. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Uthus, E O AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 247 EP - 259 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - Maleates KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - diethyl maleate KW - AK5N1DQX7U KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Methionine -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Hematocrit KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- anatomy & histology KW - Maleates -- pharmacology KW - Maleates -- metabolism KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Arsenic -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77786400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+aluminosilicate+compounds+to+reduce+aflatoxin+residues+and+toxicity+to+poultry+and+livestock%3A+a+review+report.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BPhillips%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=Suppl+Pt+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutator insertions in an intron of the maize knotted1 gene result in dominant suppressible mutations. AN - 77775605; 7896105 AB - The knotted1 (kn1) locus of maize is defined by a series of dominant mutations affecting leaf development. We recovered 10 additional mutant alleles in lines containing active Mutator transposable elements. Nine of these alleles contain Mu1 or Mu8 elements inserted within a 310-bp region of the kn1 third intron. All five Mu8 insertions are in the same orientation whereas both orientations of Mu1 were recovered. Northern analysis showed that ectopic expression of kn1 within developing leaves is correlated with the mutant phenotype for the four alleles analyzed. Transcript size was not altered. The effect of Mu activity, as measured by the extent of Mu element methylation or by the presence of the autonomous MuDR element, was investigated for two alleles. Kn1-mum2, containing a Mu8 element, and Kn1-mum7, containing a Mu1 element, required Mu activity for the knotted phenotype. We examined the effect of Mu activity on ectopic kn1 expression in Kn1-mum2 and found that the transcript was present in leaves of Mu active individuals only. We discuss possible mechanisms by which Mu activity could condition kn1 gene expression. JF - Genetics AU - Greene, B AU - Walko, R AU - Hake, S AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, ARS-USDA, Albany, California. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1275 EP - 1285 VL - 138 IS - 4 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - bz KW - kn1 KW - sh KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - Plant Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - RNA, Plant KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA, Plant -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Dominant KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Methylation KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Genes, Homeobox KW - Introns KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics KW - Genes, Plant KW - Zea mays -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77775605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=Mutator+insertions+in+an+intron+of+the+maize+knotted1+gene+result+in+dominant+suppressible+mutations.&rft.au=Greene%2C+B%3BWalko%2C+R%3BHake%2C+S&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - bz; kn1; sh N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genetics. 1986 Nov;114(3):1007-21 [3025058] Genetics. 1994 Mar;136(3):1157-70 [8005422] Genetics. 1987 Jul;116(3):469-77 [3038674] Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Jan;211(1):49-55 [2830468] Genetics. 1988 Feb;118(2):221-34 [2834265] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Nov 11;16(21):10382 [3194217] Genes Dev. 1989 Apr;3(4):454-68 [2542128] Genetics. 1989 May;122(1):129-38 [2471668] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 May;10(5):2090-5 [2157968] Cell. 1990 Jul 27;62(2):269-84 [2164887] Genetics. 1990 Jul;125(3):623-31 [2165968] Biochem Genet. 1973 Jan;8(1):27-36 [4348257] Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Aug 10;12(15):5955-67 [6089104] Cell. 1986 Jan 31;44(2):303-12 [3002632] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(6):1767-71 [3006070] Cell. 1986 Oct 24;47(2):285-96 [3021338] EMBO J. 1986 Sep;5(9):2293-303 [3023068] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Nov 25;18(22):6725 [2251152] EMBO J. 1991 Feb;10(2):407-17 [1671353] Nature. 1991 Mar 21;350(6315):241-3 [1672445] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Feb 11;19(3):579-84 [1849263] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3502-6 [1849660] Trends Genet. 1991 Mar;7(3):86-90 [1851585] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 15;88(22):10198-202 [1719548] Trends Genet. 1992 Mar;8(3):109-14 [1349773] Genetics. 1992 Apr;130(4):889-98 [1316302] Adv Genet. 1992;30:77-122 [1333722] Genetics. 1992 Nov;132(3):691-7 [1334893] Genetics. 1992 Nov;132(3):813-22 [1334895] Development. 1992 Sep;116(1):21-30 [1362381] Cell. 1993 Jan 15;72(1):85-95 [8093684] Genetics. 1993 Aug;134(4):1135-44 [8375652] Genetics. 1993 Oct;135(2):507-26 [8244011] Genetics. 1993 Dec;135(4):1141-50 [8307329] Genetics. 1986 Dec;114(4):1293-312 [3803916] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral toxicity of boric acid and other boron compounds to immature cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). AN - 77726544; 7836612 AB - Oral toxicity was characterized in first-instar cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché), feeding on dried blood treated with boric acid. LC50 values ranged from 2.11% after 24 h to 0.21% after 7 d. In carpet tests with five different boron compounds and a number of different formulations, significant mortality for first instars was observed in all cases. In similar tests with prepupae and cocoons, there was no significant effect on mortality. The importance of these results is discussed in light of current application procedures for boron compounds, and suggestions are made for future research. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Klotz, J H AU - Moss, J I AU - Zhao, R AU - Davis, L R AU - Patterson, R S AD - Household Insects Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1534 EP - 1536 VL - 87 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Boric Acids KW - 0 KW - Boron Compounds KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Boron Compounds -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Cats KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Boron Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Pupa -- drug effects KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Boric Acids -- toxicity KW - Siphonaptera -- drug effects KW - Boric Acids -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77726544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Oral+toxicity+of+boric+acid+and+other+boron+compounds+to+immature+cat+fleas+%28Siphonaptera%3A+Pulicidae%29.&rft.au=Klotz%2C+J+H%3BMoss%2C+J+I%3BZhao%2C+R%3BDavis%2C+L+R%3BPatterson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Klotz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1534&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of water movement and quality in earthworm burrows and pan lysimeters AN - 50188000; 1995-009513 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Shipitalo, M J AU - Edwards, W M AU - Redmond, C E Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1345 EP - 1351 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Coshocton County Ohio KW - solution KW - ground water KW - agrochemicals KW - movement KW - waterways KW - water regimes KW - chemical composition KW - sedimentary structures KW - lysimeters KW - Ohio KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - biogenic structures KW - pollution KW - porosity KW - North Appalachian Experimental Watershed KW - nutrients KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - burrows KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50188000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+water+movement+and+quality+in+earthworm+burrows+and+pan+lysimeters&rft.au=Shipitalo%2C+M+J%3BEdwards%2C+W+M%3BRedmond%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Shipitalo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; biogenic structures; burrows; chemical composition; Coshocton County Ohio; experimental studies; ground water; infiltration; leaching; lysimeters; monitoring; movement; North Appalachian Experimental Watershed; nutrients; Ohio; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; porosity; runoff; sedimentary structures; soils; solution; United States; water quality; water regimes; waterways ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of methods to study soil erosion-productivity relationships AN - 50168145; 1995-021194 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Olson, K R AU - Lal, R AU - Norton, L D Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 586 EP - 590 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - methods KW - Nigeria KW - erosion KW - statistical analysis KW - agriculture KW - mechanical properties KW - evaluation KW - models KW - Alfisols KW - West Africa KW - erosion control KW - Africa KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - Mollisols KW - land use KW - productivity KW - Midwest KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50168145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+methods+to+study+soil+erosion-productivity+relationships&rft.au=Olson%2C+K+R%3BLal%2C+R%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; agriculture; Alfisols; erosion; erosion control; evaluation; land use; mechanical properties; methods; Midwest; models; Mollisols; Nigeria; productivity; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; tillage; United States; West Africa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of soil loss from eroded soil phases AN - 50167464; 1995-021195 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Olson, K R AU - Norton, L D AU - Fenton, T E AU - Lal, R Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 591 EP - 596 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - pedogenesis KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - sedimentation KW - agriculture KW - mathematical models KW - erosion features KW - Alfisols KW - runoff KW - classification KW - horizons KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - Mollisols KW - land use KW - Midwest KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50167464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+soil+loss+from+eroded+soil+phases&rft.au=Olson%2C+K+R%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BFenton%2C+T+E%3BLal%2C+R&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 65 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Alfisols; classification; erodibility; erosion; erosion features; horizons; hydrology; land use; mathematical models; Midwest; Mollisols; pedogenesis; runoff; sedimentation; soil erosion; soils; United States; Universal Soil Loss Equation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating depths to claypans using electromagnetic induction methods AN - 50165866; 1995-021192 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Doolittle, J A AU - Sudduth, K A AU - Kitchen, N R AU - Indorante, S J Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 572 EP - 575 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - clay KW - water quality KW - clastic sediments KW - moisture KW - Missouri KW - geophysical methods KW - magnetic properties KW - physical properties KW - conductivity KW - infiltration KW - agrochemicals KW - sediments KW - retention KW - electromagnetic methods KW - central Missouri KW - horizons KW - electromagnetic induction KW - Midwest KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50165866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Estimating+depths+to+claypans+using+electromagnetic+induction+methods&rft.au=Doolittle%2C+J+A%3BSudduth%2C+K+A%3BKitchen%2C+N+R%3BIndorante%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Doolittle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=572&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; central Missouri; clastic sediments; clay; conductivity; electromagnetic induction; electromagnetic methods; geophysical methods; horizons; infiltration; magnetic properties; Midwest; Missouri; moisture; physical properties; retention; sediments; soils; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous mineralogical quantification and chemical characterization of soil clays AN - 50149563; 1995-037413 AB - A new chemical mass balance technique has been developed for simultaneous mineralogical quantification and chemical characterization of soil clays. The procedure includes separation of the whole clay (<2 mu m fraction) into six particle size fractions (<0.02, <0.06, <0.2, 0.02-0.06, 0.06-0.2, and 0.2-2 mu m fractions), chemical analysis of the whole clay and each of the six fractions, and fitting of a non-linear chemical mass balance model to the chemical analyses. As written, the chemical mass balance model is valid only for samples containing mixtures of quartz, kaolinite, illite, and mixed-layered smectite-illite. Samples containing carbonates and free iron compounds may be analyzed using the technique if these phases are chemically removed prior to particle size fractionation. Accuracy of the new technique was tested using synthetic data and found to depend on the quality of the input data; however, clay phase quantification within three percentage points of known values was readily achieved. Precision of the technique was evaluated by independently preparing and analyzing five samples of the same soil clay. Standard deviations for clay phase percentages (w:w) in the <2 mu m fraction were all less than one percent. The new technique yields accurate determinations of chemistry for the smectitic and illitic phases in mixed-layered smectite-illite, and qualitative estimates for the chemistry of 10 Aa-illite. The elemental compositions of quartz and kaolinite are assumed a priori and treated as constants within the non-linear chemical mass balance model. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Laird, D A AU - Dowdy, R H Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 747 EP - 754 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - clay mineralogy KW - smectite KW - illite KW - simulation KW - clay minerals KW - quantitative analysis KW - sheet silicates KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - chemical composition KW - synthetic materials KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50149563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+phosphorus+fate+from+long-term+poultry+litter+applications+to+Oklahoma+soils&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J%3BBain%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical composition; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; illite; mixed-layer minerals; quantitative analysis; sheet silicates; silicates; simulation; smectite; soils; synthetic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detachment of soil by flowing water under turbulent and laminar conditions AN - 50141218; 1995-032515 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Nearing, M A AU - Parker, S C Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1612 EP - 1614 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - soil mechanics KW - northern Georgia KW - central Indiana KW - erosion KW - strength KW - slopes KW - Ultisols KW - northwestern Ohio KW - turbulence KW - Alfisols KW - Inceptisols KW - conservation KW - Indiana KW - hydrodynamics KW - laminar flow KW - Georgia KW - soil erosion KW - Ohio KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50141218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Detachment+of+soil+by+flowing+water+under+turbulent+and+laminar+conditions&rft.au=Nearing%2C+M+A%3BParker%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Nearing&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; central Indiana; conservation; erosion; Georgia; hydrodynamics; Inceptisols; Indiana; laminar flow; northern Georgia; northwestern Ohio; Ohio; slopes; soil erosion; soil mechanics; soils; strength; turbulence; Ultisols; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partitioning small scale spatial variability of runoff and erosion on sagebrush rangeland AN - 50140176; 1995-032510 JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Pierson, F B AU - Blackburn, W H AU - Van Vactor, S S AU - Wood, J C Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1081 EP - 1089 PB - American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - United States KW - sagebrush KW - Spermatophyta KW - erosion KW - rills KW - Artemisia KW - erosion features KW - vegetation KW - Dicotyledoneae KW - spatial variations KW - southwestern Idaho KW - soil erosion KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Idaho KW - Plantae KW - experimental studies KW - wind erosion KW - preventive measures KW - models KW - Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - Nancy Gulch Site KW - Angiospermae KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50140176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Partitioning+small+scale+spatial+variability+of+runoff+and+erosion+on+sagebrush+rangeland&rft.au=Pierson%2C+F+B%3BBlackburn%2C+W+H%3BVan+Vactor%2C+S+S%3BWood%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Pierson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1081&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Angiospermae; Artemisia; Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis; Dicotyledoneae; erosion; erosion features; experimental studies; hydrology; Idaho; infiltration; models; Nancy Gulch Site; Plantae; preventive measures; rills; runoff; sagebrush; soil erosion; soils; southwestern Idaho; spatial variations; Spermatophyta; United States; vegetation; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subsurface flow patterns in a riparian buffer system AN - 50130563; 1995-043840 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bosch, D D AU - Hubbard, R K AU - West, L T AU - Lowrance, R R Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1783 EP - 1790 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - wells KW - United States KW - moisture KW - buffers KW - unsaturated zone KW - observation wells KW - nonpoint sources KW - variations KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - matric potential KW - agrochemicals KW - hydrodynamics KW - horizons KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - experimental studies KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - bioremediation KW - preventive measures KW - physical properties KW - riparian environment KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Georgia KW - pore water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50130563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Subsurface+flow+patterns+in+a+riparian+buffer+system&rft.au=Bosch%2C+D+D%3BHubbard%2C+R+K%3BWest%2C+L+T%3BLowrance%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1783&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; Atlantic Coastal Plain; bioremediation; buffers; experimental studies; forests; Georgia; ground water; horizons; hydraulic conductivity; hydrodynamics; hydrology; infiltration; matric potential; migration of elements; moisture; nonpoint sources; observation wells; physical properties; pollution; pore water; preventive measures; remediation; riparian environment; runoff; soils; United States; unsaturated zone; variations; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil erosion by concentrated flow; shear stress and bulk density AN - 50127506; 1995-043839 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Ghebreiyessus, Y T AU - Gantzer, C J AU - Alberts, E E AU - Lentz, R W Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1791 EP - 1797 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - bulk density KW - hydraulic flume KW - erosion KW - shear stress KW - rills KW - flow mechanism KW - prediction KW - erosion features KW - equations KW - physical properties KW - erosion control KW - soil erosion KW - gullies KW - erodibility KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50127506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Soil+erosion+by+concentrated+flow%3B+shear+stress+and+bulk+density&rft.au=Ghebreiyessus%2C+Y+T%3BGantzer%2C+C+J%3BAlberts%2C+E+E%3BLentz%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Ghebreiyessus&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bulk density; equations; erodibility; erosion; erosion control; erosion features; flow mechanism; gullies; hydraulic flume; physical properties; prediction; rills; shear stress; soil erosion; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes AN - 50124426; 1995-043843 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Liu, B Y AU - Nearing, M A AU - Risse, L M Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1835 EP - 1840 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Loess Plateau KW - Far East KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - statistical analysis KW - physical properties KW - runoff KW - soil erosion KW - Asia KW - slope stability KW - regression analysis KW - China KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50124426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Slope+gradient+effects+on+soil+loss+for+steep+slopes&rft.au=Liu%2C+B+Y%3BNearing%2C+M+A%3BRisse%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1835&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; China; erosion; Far East; hydrology; Loess Plateau; physical properties; regression analysis; runoff; slope stability; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; Universal Soil Loss Equation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Memorial to Homer Logan, 1933-1993 AN - 50111868; 1995-060558 JF - Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Stearns, Charles E Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 557 EP - 558 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, Dallas, TX VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0004-5691, 0004-5691 KW - engineering geology KW - Logan, Homer KW - biography KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50111868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Microbial+N+and+biomass%2C+respiration+and+N+mineralization+in+soils+beneath+two+chaparral+species+along+a+fire-induced+age+gradient.&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BPoth%2C+MA%3BDunn%2C+PH%3BBarro%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - portr. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ENGEA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biography; engineering geology; Logan, Homer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a Gouy-Chapman-Stern Model for Membrane-Surface Electrical Potential to Interpret Some Features of Mineral Rhizotoxicity. AN - 1859378845; 12232433 AB - A consideration of mineral toxicity to roots only in terms of ion activities in the rooting medium can be misleading. A Gouy-Chapman-Stern model, by which relative ion activities at cell-membrane surfaces may be estimated, has been applied to problems of mineral rhizotoxicity, including the toxicity of Al3+, La3+, H+, Na+, and SeO42-, to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots. The Gouy-Chapman portion of the model is expressed in the Grahame equation, which relates the charge density ([sigma]) and electrical potential (E0) at the surface of a membrane to the concentrations of ions in a contracting bulk solution. The Stern modification of the theory takes into account changes in [sigma] caused by ion binding at the membrane surface. Several theoretical problems with the model and its use are considered, including the fact that previous authors have usually related the physiological effects of an ion at a membrane surface to the computed concentration (Ci0) of the unbound ion rather than its computed activity (ai0). This practice implies the false assumption that Ci0 is proportional to ai0. It is demonstrated here that ai0, computed from external activities (ai[infinity symbol]) by a Nernst equation [ai0 = ai[infinity symbol]exp([mdash]ZiFE0/RT), where Zi is the charge on the ion, F is the Faraday constant, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature], correlates well with ion toxicity and that Ci0 sometimes correlates poorly. These conclusions also apply to issues of mineral nutrition. JF - Plant physiology AU - Kinraide, T. B. AD - Appalachian Soil and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beckley, West Virginia 25802-0867. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1583 EP - 1592 VL - 106 IS - 4 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859378845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+Gouy-Chapman-Stern+Model+for+Membrane-Surface+Electrical+Potential+to+Interpret+Some+Features+of+Mineral+Rhizotoxicity.&rft.au=Kinraide%2C+T.+B.&rft.aulast=Kinraide&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPTC degradation by isolated soil microorganisms AN - 16009202; 4081023 AB - Microorganisms capable of degrading the herbicide EPTC (S-ethyl N,N-dipropylcarbamothioate) were isolated from three soils with and without histories of carbamothioate use. All EPTC-degrading isolates belonged to the genus Rhodococcus. All three isolates in pure culture systems degraded 50 mu g mL super(-1) of technical EPTC in as little as 14 h at low cell densities and used the molecule as a sole source of carbon and energy. Growth of the isolates in rich media led to the frequent loss of EPTC-degrading ability, although plasmids encoding for EPTC degradation could not be identified. [ super(14)C]-EPTC experiments suggested that the degradation of EPTC proceeds by initial attack at the carbonyl linkage, followed by degradation of the dipropylamine side chain. (DBO) JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - McClung, G AU - Dick, WA AU - Karns, J S AD - USDA ARS, NRI, Soil Microbial Systems Lab., Rm. 100, Bldg. 050, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 2926 EP - 2931 VL - 42 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - S-ethyl N,N-dipropylcarbamothioate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - soil microorganisms KW - A 01054:Effect of herbicides KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16009202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=EPTC+degradation+by+isolated+soil+microorganisms&rft.au=McClung%2C+G%3BDick%2C+WA%3BKarns%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=McClung&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2926&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of oxidative stress in signal transduction changes and cell loss in senescence. AN - 77715228; 7832444 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Joseph, J A AU - Cutler, R C AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. Y1 - 1994/11/17/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Nov 17 SP - 37 EP - 43 VL - 738 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Free Radicals KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - Spin Labels KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone KW - 3I91332OPG KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Nitrogen Oxides -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Neurons -- physiology KW - Brain Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Signal Transduction -- radiation effects KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Neurons -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77715228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+role+of+oxidative+stress+in+signal+transduction+changes+and+cell+loss+in+senescence.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BCutler%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-11-17&rft.volume=738&rft.issue=&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative degradation of non-phenolic lignin during lipid peroxidation by fungal manganese peroxidase. AN - 76809318; 7957943 AB - A non-phenolic lignin model dimer, 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenoxypropane-1,3-diol, was oxidized by a lipid peroxidation system that consisted of a fungal manganese peroxidase, Mn(II), and unsaturated fatty acid esters. The reaction products included 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-phenoxy-3-hydroxypropane and 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-3-hydroxypropane, indicating that substrate oxidation occurred via benzylic hydrogen abstraction. The peroxidation system depolymerized both exhaustively methylated (non-phenolic) and unmethylated (phenolic) synthetic lignins efficiently. It may therefore enable white-rot fungi to accomplish the initial delignification of wood. JF - FEBS letters AU - Bao, W AU - Fukushima, Y AU - Jensen, K A AU - Moen, M A AU - Hammel, K E AD - USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705. Y1 - 1994/11/14/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Nov 14 SP - 297 EP - 300 VL - 354 IS - 3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenoxypropane-1,3-diol KW - 0 KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Phenols KW - Propylene Glycols KW - Phenol KW - 339NCG44TV KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Lignin KW - 9005-53-2 KW - Peroxidases KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - manganese peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Molecular Structure KW - Manganese -- pharmacology KW - Phenols -- metabolism KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Propylene Glycols -- chemistry KW - Propylene Glycols -- metabolism KW - Lignin -- chemistry KW - Lignin -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Peroxidases -- metabolism KW - Basidiomycota -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76809318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+letters&rft.atitle=Oxidative+degradation+of+non-phenolic+lignin+during+lipid+peroxidation+by+fungal+manganese+peroxidase.&rft.au=Amaranthus%2C+M+P%3BTrappe%2C+J+M%3BPerry%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Amaranthus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The biochemical effects of physiologic amounts of dietary boron in animal nutrition models. AN - 85260581; pmid-7889878 AB - This review summarizes evidence that supports working hypotheses for the roles of boron in animal model systems. It is well established that vascular plants, diatoms, and some species of marine algal flagellates have acquired an absolute requirement for boron, although the primary role of boron in plants remains unknown. Recent research findings suggest that physiologic amounts of supplemental dietary boron (PSB) affect a wide range of metabolic parameters in the chick and rat model systems. Much of the current interest in boron animal nutrition began with the initial finding that PSB stimulates growth in cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)-deficient chicks, but does not markedly affect growth in chicks receiving adequate vitamin D3 nutriture. The finding suggests that boron affects some aspect of vitamin D3 metabolism or is synergistic with vitamin D3 in influencing growth. Vitamin D3 regulates energy substrate utilization, and current research findings indicate that dietary boron modifies that regulatory function. The concentration of circulating glucose, the most thoroughly investigated metabolite to date, responds to PSB, especially during concomitant vitamin D3 deficiency. In chicks, PSB substantially alleviated or corrected vitamin D3 deficiency-induced elevations in plasma glucose concentrations. The influence of vitamin D3 on cartilage and bone mineralization is mediated in part through its role as a regulator of energy substrate utilization; calcification is an energy-intensive process. There is considerable evidence that dietary boron alleviates perturbations in mineral metabolism that are characteristic of vitamin D3 deficiency. In rachitic chicks, PSB alleviated distortion of the marrow sprouts of the proximal tibial epiphysial plate, a distortion characteristic of vitamin D3 deficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hunt, C D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9034. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 35 EP - 43 VL - 102 Suppl 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Rats KW - Cholecalciferol KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Chickens KW - Nutritive Value KW - Animal KW - Bone Density KW - Homeostasis KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Boron KW - Animal Nutrition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85260581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+biochemical+effects+of+physiologic+amounts+of+dietary+boron+in+animal+nutrition+models.&rft.au=Hunt%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102+Suppl+7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of natural toxins on reproduction. AN - 77833309; 7728638 AB - Poisonous plants grow in most plant communities found on rangelands and pastures. They are one of the principal causes of economic loss to the livestock industry. One major costly effect is on reproduction, which includes birth defects, abortions, lengthened calving intervals, and interference with oogenesis, spermatogenesis, libido, and estrus. Those plants that cause wasting, temporary illness, and other such effects can adversely effect reproduction livestock. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - James, L F AU - Panter, K E AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Molyneux, R J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 587 EP - 603 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- veterinary KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- physiopathology KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- etiology KW - Sheep KW - Infertility -- physiopathology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Infertility -- etiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- physiopathology KW - Infertility -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Reproduction -- physiology KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Toxins, Biological -- poisoning KW - Plant Poisoning -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77833309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Effect+of+natural+toxins+on+reproduction.&rft.au=James%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mining in northern Canada: expanding the industry while protecting Arctic fishes--a review. AN - 77788091; 7533713 AB - Northern Canada has a long tradition of mining activity with a poor record of environmental protection. Pollution is acknowledged as the biggest issue currently facing the mining industry. The arctic and subarctic fishes of this region are very sensitive to heavy metals, trace elements, and other contaminants in mine wastes. High sensitivity, combined with an inherently low capacity for recovery, make this aquatic resource particularly vulnerable to impacts. At least 22 fish species with major commercial, recreational, or subsistence value may be affected as the mining industry expands. The number of mines in northern Canada is steadily increasing and a metals-mining boom is expected to take place during the next decade. Prudent planning based on comprehensive mine-site evaluation, biological risk assessment, and research is essential to reduce the threat of environmental damage. There are several progressive mining techniques that can help make mining compatible with sensitive northern fisheries while also maintaining the profitability and growth of the mining industry. Thus far, this technology has been used very little in northern Canada. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 229 EP - 242 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Canada KW - Arctic Regions KW - Risk Assessment KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Fishes KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77788091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+atmospheric+exposure+on+chlorophyll+a%2C+biomass+and+productivity+of+the+epilithon+of+a+tailwater+river&rft.au=Angradi%2C+T+R%3BKubly%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Angradi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.issn=08869375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary boron, brain function, and cognitive performance. AN - 77769866; 7889884 AB - Although the trace element boron has yet to be recognized as an essential nutrient for humans, recent data from animal and human studies suggest that boron may be important for mineral metabolism and membrane function. To investigate further the functional role of boron, brain electrophysiology and cognitive performance were assessed in response to dietary manipulation of boron (approximately 0.25 versus approximately 3.25 mg boron/2000 kcal/day) in three studies with healthy older men and women. Within-subject designs were used to assess functional responses in all studies. Spectral analysis of electroencephalographic data showed effects of dietary boron in two of the three studies. When the low boron intake was compared to the high intake, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the proportion of low-frequency activity, and a decrease in the proportion of higher-frequency activity, an effect often observed in response to general malnutrition and heavy metal toxicity. Performance (e.g., response time) on various cognitive and psychomotor tasks also showed an effect of dietary boron. When contrasted with the high boron intake, low dietary boron resulted in significantly poorer performance (p < 0.05) on tasks emphasizing manual dexterity (studies II and III); eye-hand coordination (study II); attention (all studies); perception (study III); encoding and short-term memory (all studies); and long-term memory (study I). Collectively, the data from these three studies indicate that boron may play a role in human brain function and cognitive performance, and provide additional evidence that boron is an essential nutrient for humans. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Penland, J G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9034. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 65 EP - 72 VL - 102 Suppl 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Borates KW - 0 KW - Gluconates KW - sodium borate KW - 91MBZ8H3QO KW - Boron KW - N9E3X5056Q KW - gluconic acid KW - R4R8J0Q44B KW - Index Medicus KW - Estrogen Replacement Therapy KW - Reference Values KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Membrane Potentials -- physiology KW - Aged KW - Electroencephalography -- drug effects KW - Borates -- administration & dosage KW - Psychomotor Performance -- physiology KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Brain Mapping KW - Cerebral Cortex -- physiology KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Gluconates -- administration & dosage KW - Attention -- physiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Membrane Potentials -- drug effects KW - Attention -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cognition -- physiology KW - Cognition -- drug effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Boron -- physiology KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Boron -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77769866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Dietary+boron%2C+brain+function%2C+and+cognitive+performance.&rft.au=Penland%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Penland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102+Suppl+7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Brain Res Bull. 1980 Jan-Feb;5(1):51-60 [6767525] Adv Vet Sci Comp Med. 1987;31:69-94 [3300205] J Am Diet Assoc. 1991 May;91(5):558-68 [2019698] Acta Paediatr Scand. 1989 Nov;78(6):873-8 [2603713] Int J Psychophysiol. 1990 Sep;9(2):121-7 [2228746] Brain Res. 1988 Dec;472(4):371-89 [3066441] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of ethylene biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum by a Trichoderma viride xylanase is correlated to the accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts. AN - 76943243; 7824643 AB - Xylanase (EIX) from the fungus Trichoderma viride elicits ethylene biosynthesis in leaf tissues of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi but not in cv Hicks. The increase in ethylene biosynthesis is accompanied by an accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), an increase in extractable ACC synthase activity, and increases in ACC synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts. Priming of increases in ACC synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts. Priming of leaves with ethylene (120 microL/L, 14 h) sensitizes the tissue, resulting in an enhanced response to EIX and increases in both the in vivo ACC oxidase activity and ACC oxidase transcript level. EIX and ethylene independently induce ACC oxidase. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by aminoethoxyvinylglycine is not accompanied by a reduction in ACC oxidase transcript level, indicating that ethylene biosynthesis is not required. In contrast to the differential induction of ethylene biosynthesis by EIX in Xanthi versus Hicks cultivars, both cultivars respond to a chemical stress (induced by CuSO4) by enhancing ethylene production. This induction is accompanied by an increase in ACC synthase transcript but not in that of ACC oxidase. JF - Plant physiology AU - Avni, A AU - Bailey, B A AU - Mattoo, A K AU - Anderson, J D AD - Weed Science Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Maryland 20705. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 1049 EP - 1055 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Ethylenes KW - Oligonucleotide Probes KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - ethylene KW - 91GW059KN7 KW - Amino Acid Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.4.- KW - 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase KW - EC 1.4.3.- KW - Xylosidases KW - EC 3.2.1.- KW - Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.32 KW - Lyases KW - EC 4.- KW - 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase KW - EC 4.4.1.14 KW - Copper Sulfate KW - LRX7AJ16DT KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Plant Leaves KW - Kinetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Xylosidases -- pharmacology KW - Ethylenes -- biosynthesis KW - Amino Acid Oxidoreductases -- biosynthesis KW - Trichoderma -- enzymology KW - Tobacco -- metabolism KW - Lyases -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76943243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+ethylene+biosynthesis+in+Nicotiana+tabacum+by+a+Trichoderma+viride+xylanase+is+correlated+to+the+accumulation+of+1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic+acid+%28ACC%29+synthase+and+ACC+oxidase+transcripts.&rft.au=Avni%2C+A%3BBailey%2C+B+A%3BMattoo%2C+A+K%3BAnderson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Avni&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Cell. 1979 Oct;18(2):485-99 [498280] Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294-9 [518835] Plant Mol Biol. 1993 Dec;23(6):1151-64 [8292780] Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jan 26;15(2):731-9 [3029690] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 15;88(16):7021-5 [1871117] Plant Cell. 1993 Apr;5(4):419-32 [8318838] Anal Biochem. 1979 Nov 15;100(1):140-5 [543532] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of zearalenone in corn, wheat, and pig feed: collaborative study. AN - 76935382; 7819759 AB - A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening method for zearalenone in corn, wheat, and feed at 500 ng/g was evaluated by 23 collaborators (22 laboratories) in an international collaborative study. Eighteen samples of spiked or naturally contaminated corn, wheat, and pig feed were prepared by the sponsoring laboratory and sent for testing with complete test kits to participating collaborators in Canada, Italy, Sweden, The Netherlands, and the United States. Test samples were extracted with methanol-water solution (70 + 30) by shaking on a wrist-action shaker for 3 min. A portion of the extract was mixed with an equal volume of zearalenone-enzyme conjugate, and the mixture was incubated with zearalenone-specific monoclonal antibodies coated onto microtiter wells. All test samples were assayed in duplicate. One of 52 (2%) blanks was reported positive. Thirty-nine of the 52 (75%) samples that were spiked at 500 ng/g were reported as positive. Forty-nine of the 51 (96%) samples with concentrations at or above 1000 ng/g were reported as positive. The overall incidence of false negatives was 6.0% and the incidence of false positives was 22.7% by the ELISA method. Only one (3.4%) false negative was reported for samples containing > or = 800 ng/g. In the spectrophotometric method, 8 collaborators determined approximate levels of zearalenone in test samples from standard curves constructed from spiked extracts (0-3000 ng/g of each commodity tested). This method gave and overall incidence of false negatives of 5.7% and false positives of 17.8%. Average relative standard deviations, RSDr (repeatability) and RSDR (reproducibility), were 11.6 and 25.1% for spiked samples and 11.7 and 33.1% for naturally contaminated samples, respectively. Standard curves were constructed with each set of samples assayed. Comparison of absorbance values from these standard curves indicate the performance of reagents and antibody used in the assay. The ELISA method has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL as a screening method for zearalenone at > or = 800 ng/g in corn, wheat, and pig feed. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Bennett, G A AU - Nelsen, T C AU - Miller, B M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604. PY - 1994 SP - 1500 EP - 1509 VL - 77 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Spectrophotometry KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Zearalenone -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76935382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+atrazine+on+soil+clay+components&rft.au=Laird%2C+David+A%3BBerry%2C+W+Richard&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stereo photo estimates of Okushiri tsunami runup AN - 52811017; 1996-068494 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Gonzalez, F I AU - Ballerini, M AU - Reutebuch, S E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 357 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 75 IS - 44, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - tsunamis KW - shore features KW - Okushiri Island KW - Far East KW - geologic hazards KW - ocean waves KW - shorelines KW - Asia KW - photography KW - Japan KW - Hokkaido KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52811017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Stereo+photo+estimates+of+Okushiri+tsunami+runup&rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+F+I%3BBallerini%2C+M%3BReutebuch%2C+S+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=44%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1994 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; Far East; geologic hazards; Hokkaido; Japan; ocean waves; Okushiri Island; photography; shore features; shorelines; tsunamis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A partitioned solution procedure for water flow and solute transport in a dual-porosity medium AN - 52778268; 1997-002890 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Sciortino, A AU - Tseng, P H AU - van Genuchten, M T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 235 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 75 IS - 44, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - solute transport KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - equations KW - porosity KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - partitioning KW - saturated zone KW - mathematical methods KW - water regimes KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52778268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=A+partitioned+solution+procedure+for+water+flow+and+solute+transport+in+a+dual-porosity+medium&rft.au=Sciortino%2C+A%3BTseng%2C+P+H%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+M+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Sciortino&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=44%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1994 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; equations; ground water; mathematical methods; models; partitioning; pollutants; pollution; porosity; porous materials; saturated zone; solute transport; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subsidence and rock creep in a cross-valley fill AN - 51061483; 1995-038438 JF - Environmental Geology (Berlin) AU - Sidle, R C AU - Farmer, E E AU - Williams, B D Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 159 EP - 165 PB - Springer International, Berlin VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - mining KW - pressure KW - geologic hazards KW - drainage patterns KW - stability KW - phosphates KW - land subsidence KW - displacements KW - cut-and-fill mining KW - water pressure KW - creep KW - sediments KW - industrial waste KW - waste disposal KW - pore water KW - faults KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51061483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology+%28Berlin%29&rft.atitle=Subsidence+and+rock+creep+in+a+cross-valley+fill&rft.au=Sidle%2C+R+C%3BFarmer%2C+E+E%3BWilliams%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Sidle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geology+%28Berlin%29&rft.issn=09430105&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/1432-0495/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - creep; cut-and-fill mining; displacements; drainage patterns; faults; geologic hazards; industrial waste; land subsidence; mining; phosphates; pore water; pressure; sediments; stability; waste disposal; water pressure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Uptake of Aluminum into Cells of Intact Soybean Root Tips (A Microanalytical Study Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry). AN - 1859378849; 12232392 AB - A wide range of physiological disorders has been reported within the first few hours of exposing intact plant roots to moderate levels of Al3+. Past microanalytic studies, largely limited to electron probe x-ray microanalysis, have been unable to detect intracellular Al in this time frame. This has led to the suggestion that Al exerts its effect solely from extracellular or remote tissue sites. Here, freeze-dried cryosections (10 [mu]m thick) collected from the soybean (Glycine max) primary root tip (0.3-0.8 mm from the apex) were analyzed using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The high sensitivity of SIMS for Al permitted the first direct evidence of early entry of Al into root cells. Al was found in cells of the root tip after a 30-min exposure of intact roots to 38 [mu]M Al3+. The accumulation of Al was greatest in the first 30 [mu]m, i.e. two to three cell layers, but elevated Al levels extended at least 150 [mu]m inward from the root edge. Intracellular Al concentrations at the root periphery were estimated to be about 70 nmol g-1 fresh weight. After 18 h of exposure, Al was evident throughout the root cross-section, although the rate of accumulation had slowed considerably from that during the initial 30 min. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that early effects of Al toxicity at the root apex, such as those on cell division, cell extension, or nutrient transport, involve the direct intervention of Al on cell function. JF - Plant physiology AU - Lazof, D. B. AU - Goldsmith, J. G. AU - Rufty, T. W. AU - Linton, R. W. AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, North Carolina 27565. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 1107 EP - 1114 VL - 106 IS - 3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859378849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+Uptake+of+Aluminum+into+Cells+of+Intact+Soybean+Root+Tips+%28A+Microanalytical+Study+Using+Secondary+Ion+Mass+Spectrometry%29.&rft.au=Lazof%2C+D.+B.%3BGoldsmith%2C+J.+G.%3BRufty%2C+T.+W.%3BLinton%2C+R.+W.&rft.aulast=Lazof&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal decomposition of the rubber vulcanization agent, zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate, and its potential role in nitrosamine formation in hams processed in elastic nettings AN - 15991178; 4072934 AB - The thermal decomposition of zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (ZnDBzDTC), a compound used in the formulation of rubber and a possible precursor for N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA), was studied by a variety of thermal and spectroscopic techniques. At 326 degree C, the decomposition temperature of the dithiocarbamate, carbon disulfide and dibenzylamine were the principal products formed. Smaller amounts of toluene, benzyl isothiocyanate, N,N,N'-tribenzylthiourea, and benzylbenzylidene were identified. The amount of dibenzylamine (DBzA) formed by the thermal decomposition of ZnDBzDTC may have a limited role in the formation of NDBzA in hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. The thermal conditions used in the smokehouse are significantly lower than the decomposition temperature of purified ZnDBzDTC (DBO). JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Helmick, J S AU - Fiddler, W AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA. Philadelphia, PA 19118 Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 2541 EP - 2544 VL - 42 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate KW - nitrosamines KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - ham KW - pork KW - meat KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24200:Nitrosamines & related compounds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15991178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Thermal+decomposition+of+the+rubber+vulcanization+agent%2C+zinc+dibenzyldithiocarbamate%2C+and+its+potential+role+in+nitrosamine+formation+in+hams+processed+in+elastic+nettings&rft.au=Helmick%2C+J+S%3BFiddler%2C+W&rft.aulast=Helmick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - meat; pork; ham ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum alpha-mannosidase activity and the clinicopathologic alterations of locoweed (Astragalus mollissimus) intoxication in range cattle. AN - 77755475; 7858027 AB - Subclinical intoxication of livestock with Astragalus and Oxytropis species (locoweeds) results in decreased animal feed conversion, reduced weight gains, and reproductive failure. Sensitive diagnostic methods to definitively diagnose and monitor intoxication are needed to minimize these losses and better manage locoweed-infested pastures and rangelands. Sera from cattle grazing locoweed were evaluated for alpha-mannosidase activity, serum biochemical values, electrolytes, and thyroid hormone concentrations. As the cows began to ingest locoweed, the mean serum alpha-mannosidase activities dropped significantly (400.0 microM to 72.5 microM). Changes in other serum chemistry values were less specific; however, individual animals (generally those ingesting more locoweed) had elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, with decreased serum total protein (5.8 +/- 0.8 g/dl) and albumin (2.3 +/- 0.3 g/dl). Mean serum thyroid concentrations (both T4 and T3) were lower in animals that were ingesting locoweed. The calculated swainsonine dose correlated statistically with serum alpha-mannosidase activity, ALP, albumin, Cl, CO2, and thyroid hormone T3. This correlation suggests that serum alpha-mannosidase activity along with potential changes in ALP, albumin, and thyroid hormone concentrations is a sensitive indicator of locoweed exposure and intoxication. These parameters may also be useful for monitoring intoxication and allowing subclinically affected cattle to be removed from infested areas before irreversible damage occurs. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Gardner, D R AU - Molyneux, R J AU - James, L F AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 473 EP - 479 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Mannosidases KW - EC 3.2.1.- KW - alpha-Mannosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.24 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Female KW - Plant Poisoning -- pathology KW - Cattle Diseases -- blood KW - Plant Poisoning -- blood KW - Cattle Diseases -- pathology KW - Mannosidases -- blood KW - Plant Poisoning -- enzymology KW - Cattle Diseases -- enzymology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77755475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Serum+alpha-mannosidase+activity+and+the+clinicopathologic+alterations+of+locoweed+%28Astragalus+mollissimus%29+intoxication+in+range+cattle.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BJames%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response to various amounts of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal metabolism in cattle. AN - 77726237; 7836596 AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract stimulated or inhibited ruminal fermentation when fed at higher than recommended doses (3 g/d). Four dietary treatments of A. oryzae fermentation extract were fed daily to six cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. For each of four periods, bromegrass hay (6% CP) with and without extract was fed for 28 d. Dacron bags containing bromegrass cell walls were ruminally incubated to determine ruminal fiber degradation. The A. oryzae fermentation extract did not affect degradation of cell walls, cellulose, or hemicellulose. Total ruminal anaerobic or cellulolytic bacteria were not different among treatments; neither were the proportions of cellulolytic species, Butyrivibrio sp., Ruminococcus albus, or Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Ruminal ammonia was not different; however, total VFA were higher, and pH tended to be lower, when 27 g/d of A. oryzae fermentation extract was fed. The proportion of VFA was not different among treatments. The A. oryzae fermentation extract fed at nine times the recommended dosage did not produce any stimulatory effects, except for total VFA, and was not inhibitory or toxic to ruminal metabolism and forage fiber degradation. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Varel, V H AU - Kreikemeier, K K AD - US Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, NE 68933. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 3081 EP - 3086 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile KW - 0 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gram-Positive Cocci -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Ammonia -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Female KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile -- metabolism KW - Fermentation KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Rumen -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus oryzae -- metabolism KW - Poaceae -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77726237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Response+to+various+amounts+of+Aspergillus+oryzae+fermentation+extract+on+ruminal+metabolism+in+cattle.&rft.au=Varel%2C+V+H%3BKreikemeier%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Varel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3081&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.issn=05551099&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chronic ingestion of tarbush (Flourensia cernua) on ewe lambs. AN - 77706676; 7839564 AB - Efforts to increase livestock utilization of tarbush are being coupled with studies to examine tarbush toxicity. Thirty-eight (19/treatment) ewe lambs were assigned at birth to receive either tarbush or alfalfa (15%, dry matter basis) in a sorghum-based growing ration. Lambs were pen-fed this diet 60 d pre-weaning and 60 d post-weaning. No differences existed between treatments in feed consumption. In the tarbush group, 1 lamb died of unknown causes at 90 d of age, while 3 lambs died between 115 and 120 d of age. There were no deaths in the alfalfa group. Shortly before death, lambs fed tarbush appeared lethargic, disoriented and anorectic. At 122 d of age, 5 lambs were randomly selected from each group. Feces and jugular blood samples were obtained from each lamb before being euthanized and necropsied the following day. All fecal samples were negative for occult blood. Serum gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase (P < 0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.001) activities and platelet counts (P < 0.05) were elevated in lambs fed tarbush, while serum calcium concentrations tended (P < 0.10) to be greater. Histologic examination revealed diffuse liver apoptosis in lambs fed tarbush. These data indicate tarbush leaves cause liver damage when fed for extended periods of time. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Fredrickson, E AU - Thilsted, J AU - Estell, R AU - Havstad, K AD - USDA-ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 409 EP - 415 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Occult Blood KW - Apoptosis KW - Urinary Calculi -- etiology KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Random Allocation KW - Sheep KW - Urinary Calculi -- chemistry KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Eating KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Urinary Calculi -- veterinary KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Biomarkers -- blood KW - Medicago sativa -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Sheep Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77706676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.atitle=Fungal+tremorgens&rft.au=Cole%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.issn=05551099&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatty acid biosynthesis in novel ufa mutants of Neurospora crassa. AN - 76894775; 8000539 AB - New mutants of Neurospora crassa having the ufa phenotype have been isolated. Two of these mutants, like previously identified ufa mutants, require an unsaturated fatty acid for growth and are almost completely blocked in the de novo synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. The new mutations map to a different chromosomal location than previously characterized ufa mutations. This implies that at least one additional genetic locus controls the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in Neurospora. JF - Microbiology (Reading, England) AU - Goodrich-Tanrikulu, M AU - Stafford, A E AU - Lin, J T AU - Makapugay, M I AU - Fuller, G AU - McKeon, T A AD - United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 2683 EP - 2690 VL - 140 ( Pt 10) SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - UFA KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography KW - Mutagenesis KW - Neurospora crassa -- isolation & purification KW - Neurospora crassa -- genetics KW - Fatty Acids -- biosynthesis KW - Neurospora crassa -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76894775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Fatty+acid+biosynthesis+in+novel+ufa+mutants+of+Neurospora+crassa.&rft.au=Goodrich-Tanrikulu%2C+M%3BStafford%2C+A+E%3BLin%2C+J+T%3BMakapugay%2C+M+I%3BFuller%2C+G%3BMcKeon%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Goodrich-Tanrikulu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=140+%28+Pt+10%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-20 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - UFA N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caffeine and bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. AN - 76721944; 8092093 AB - The effects of caffeine consumption on rates of change in bone mineral density (BMD) were examined in 205 healthy, nonsmoking, postmenopausal women. BMD of the spine and total body were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and dietary intakes by food-frequency questionnaire. Among women with calcium intakes above the median (744 mg/d), 1-y rates of bone change--adjusted for years since menopause, body mass index, physical activity, and baseline BMD--did not differ by caffeine intake. However, among women consuming less calcium, those with the highest caffeine intakes (> 450 mg/d) had significantly more bone loss (ANCOVA, P < 0.05) than did women consuming less caffeine (0-171 and 182-419 mg/d). Percent change in BMD by lowest to highest tertile of caffeine consumption was 0.26 +/- 2.74, 0.70 +/- 2.70, and -1.36 +/- 2.70 at the spine and -0.19 +/- 1.24, 0.23 +/- 1.23, and -0.68 +/- 1.25 at the total body. Daily consumption of caffeine in amounts equal to or greater than that obtained from about two to three servings of brewed coffee may accelerate bone loss from the spine and total body in women with calcium intakes below the recommended dietary allowance of 800 mg. JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition AU - Harris, S S AU - Dawson-Hughes, B AD - Calcium and Bone Metabolism Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 573 EP - 578 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Coffee KW - 0 KW - Tea KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Magnesium -- administration & dosage KW - Spine KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Bone Density KW - Calcium -- administration & dosage KW - Middle Aged KW - Calcium -- urine KW - Female KW - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal -- chemically induced KW - Caffeine -- administration & dosage KW - Caffeine -- adverse effects KW - Postmenopause -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76721944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Caffeine+and+bone+loss+in+healthy+postmenopausal+women.&rft.au=Harris%2C+S+S%3BDawson-Hughes%2C+B&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Neem Leaf Volatiles on Submerged Cultures of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus. AN - 733449713; 16349404 AB - Microbe-free compressed air was passed continuously for a 3-day test period through an enclosed system containing fresh neem leaves; the resultant emitted volatiles were passed over the surface of submerged liquid cultures of a wild-type aflatoxigenic isolate of Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin determinations for the fungal culture that received neem-derived volatiles, after a 3-day incubation period, resulted in a 90% overall reduction in aflatoxin production and a 51% reduction in fungal biomass when compared with cultures that did not receive neem volatiles. In a separate experiment but in a similarly enclosed system, volatiles from fresh neem leaves were collected on a small Tenax column and were thermally desorbed and cryogenically focused on a capillary gas chromatography column. The neem volatiles were subsequently separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-eight compounds were identified by comparison of retention times and mass spectra with either authentic compounds or spectra from a computer-assisted library database of mass spectra. It was found that 10% of the total headspace volatiles were composed of C(3) to C(9) alkenals, which are toxic to aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp., which could explain the bioactivity that resulted in reduced biomass in the neem-treated cultures. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Zeringue, H J AU - Bhatnagar, D AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 3543 EP - 3547 VL - 60 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733449713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Neem+Leaf+Volatiles+on+Submerged+Cultures+of+Aflatoxigenic+Aspergillus+parasiticus.&rft.au=Zeringue%2C+H+J%3BBhatnagar%2C+D&rft.aulast=Zeringue&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date created - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Aug;57(8):2433-4 [1768117] Toxicon. 1990;28(4):445-8 [2112274] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jan;60(1):106-10 [16349144] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Sep;78(9):5445-9 [6795633] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reclamation of saltwater-contaminated soil in Big Lake Field AN - 52693683; 1997-056351 JF - Transactions - Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies AU - Weathers, Michael L AU - Moore, Kenneth R AU - Ford, Donald L AU - Curlee, Charles K A2 - Major, R. P. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 737 EP - 743 PB - Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, New Orleans, LA VL - 44 SN - 0533-6562, 0533-6562 KW - United States KW - Big Lake Field KW - petroleum KW - exploitation KW - vegetation KW - salt water KW - production KW - oil and gas fields KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - fluid injection KW - sedimentary rocks KW - percolation KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - Reagan County Texas KW - rainfall KW - pollutants KW - drainage KW - pollution KW - Texas KW - evaporites KW - evaporation KW - saturation KW - salt KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52693683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+-+Gulf+Coast+Association+of+Geological+Societies&rft.atitle=Reclamation+of+saltwater-contaminated+soil+in+Big+Lake+Field&rft.au=Weathers%2C+Michael+L%3BMoore%2C+Kenneth+R%3BFord%2C+Donald+L%3BCurlee%2C+Charles+K&rft.aulast=Weathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+-+Gulf+Coast+Association+of+Geological+Societies&rft.issn=05336562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Forty-fourth annual convention of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, American Association of Petroleum Geologists and the Forty-first annual convention of the Gulf Coast Section of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - LA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - TGCGA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Big Lake Field; chemically precipitated rocks; drainage; evaporation; evaporites; exploitation; fluid injection; ground water; hydrology; oil and gas fields; percolation; petroleum; pollutants; pollution; production; rainfall; Reagan County Texas; remediation; salt; salt water; saturation; sedimentary rocks; soils; Texas; United States; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State Soil Geographic Data Base (STATSGO) provides an inventory of Maine soils AN - 51060257; 1996-015555 JF - The Maine Geologist AU - Kalloch, Norman R AU - Hodgman, Lindsay Hall Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 EP - unpaginated PB - Geological Society of Maine, Brunswick, ME VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0270-8345, 0270-8345 KW - United States KW - soils KW - bedrock KW - cartography KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - depth KW - ground water KW - water table KW - provenance KW - physical properties KW - geographic information systems KW - digital cartography KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - waste disposal KW - Maine KW - digitization KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51060257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Maine+Geologist&rft.atitle=State+Soil+Geographic+Data+Base+%28STATSGO%29+provides+an+inventory+of+Maine+soils&rft.au=Kalloch%2C+Norman+R%3BHodgman%2C+Lindsay+Hall&rft.aulast=Kalloch&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Maine+Geologist&rft.issn=02708345&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.gsmmaine.org/newsletter_archive/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - ME N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedrock; cartography; data bases; data processing; depth; digital cartography; digitization; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; Maine; mapping; physical properties; provenance; soils; United States; waste disposal; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in wetlands on nonfederal rural land of the conterminous United States from 1982 to 1987 AN - 50210853; 1994-049095 JF - Environmental Management (New York) AU - Brady, Stephen J AU - Flather, Curtis H Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 693 EP - 705 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - United States KW - Quaternary KW - human activity KW - agriculture KW - urbanization KW - Holocene KW - changes of level KW - modern KW - Cenozoic KW - natural resources KW - wetlands KW - preservation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50210853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management+%28New+York%29&rft.atitle=Changes+in+wetlands+on+nonfederal+rural+land+of+the+conterminous+United+States+from+1982+to+1987&rft.au=Brady%2C+Stephen+J%3BFlather%2C+Curtis+H&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management+%28New+York%29&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ENMGDE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Cenozoic; changes of level; Holocene; human activity; modern; natural resources; preservation; Quaternary; United States; urbanization; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The I (sub X) E (sub A) index as an alternative to the E (sub I) (sub 30) erosivity index AN - 50142627; 1995-043170 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Kinnell, P I A AU - McGregor, K C AU - Rosewell, C J Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 1449 EP - 1456 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - United States KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - Vertisols KW - erosion rates KW - erosion features KW - sediments KW - Australia KW - soil erosion KW - discharge KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - Australasia KW - rainfall KW - Mississippi KW - prediction KW - New South Wales Australia KW - Holly Springs Mississippi KW - erosivity indices KW - models KW - physical properties KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - erodibility KW - Gunnedah Basin KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50142627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+I+%28sub+X%29+E+%28sub+A%29+index+as+an+alternative+to+the+E+%28sub+I%29+%28sub+30%29+erosivity+index&rft.au=Kinnell%2C+P+I+A%3BMcGregor%2C+K+C%3BRosewell%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Kinnell&rft.aufirst=P+I&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australasia; Australia; discharge; erodibility; erosion; erosion features; erosion rates; erosivity indices; experimental studies; Gunnedah Basin; Holly Springs Mississippi; hydrology; infiltration; Mississippi; models; New South Wales Australia; physical properties; prediction; rainfall; runoff; sediments; soil erosion; soils; United States; Universal Soil Loss Equation; Vertisols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface residue effects on soil erosion from ridges of different soils and formation AN - 50139160; 1995-043172 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Brown, L C AU - Norton, L D Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 1515 EP - 1524 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - erosion KW - rills KW - rainfall KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - prediction KW - erosion rates KW - erosion features KW - simulation KW - models KW - physical properties KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - sediments KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - discharge KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50139160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Surface+residue+effects+on+soil+erosion+from+ridges+of+different+soils+and+formation&rft.au=Brown%2C+L+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 53 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - discharge; erodibility; erosion; erosion features; erosion rates; experimental studies; hydrology; infiltration; models; physical properties; prediction; rainfall; rills; runoff; sediments; simulation; soil erosion; soils; tillage; Universal Soil Loss Equation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A deterministic headcut advance model AN - 50137591; 1995-043168 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Robinson, K M AU - Hanson, G J Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 1437 EP - 1443 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - headcut advance KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - stress KW - prediction KW - mathematical models KW - spillways KW - erosion rates KW - erosion features KW - equations KW - models KW - mass movements KW - floods KW - risk assessment KW - soil erosion KW - gullies KW - slope stability KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50137591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=A+deterministic+headcut+advance+model&rft.au=Robinson%2C+K+M%3BHanson%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - equations; erosion; erosion features; erosion rates; floods; geologic hazards; gullies; headcut advance; mass movements; mathematical models; models; prediction; risk assessment; slope stability; soil erosion; soils; spillways; stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arthritis and foodborne bacteria AN - 16086235; 4112016 AB - Diarrheic episodes caused by the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella or Yersinia may lead to a sterile arthritis such as reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome or ankylosing spondylitis. Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis have been shown to be sequelae in a few well-studied bacterial food poisoning outbreaks. Reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis show strong familial association related to the gene for HLA-B27 (HLA = human leucocyte antigen) antigen. Why HLA-B27-positive individuals are more susceptible to arthritis is not known, but molecular mimicry between the HLA-B27 antigen and antigens of triggering bacteria has been demonstrated and this mimicry has been proposed as a mechanism involved in etiology of the arthritides. Antigens from bacteria that triggered the arthritis are present in arthritic joints but bacterial cells are not found. Antibodies and T-cells specific for the triggering bacteria have been demonstrated in arthritic patients. T-cells present in synovial joints respond specifically to the particular arthritic triggering pathogen. The cells that respond to bacterial antigens belong to the T-cell subset T sub(H)1 that secrete a limited number of cytokines but it is not known if cytokines are involved in arthritis. A few studies have demonstrated that T-cells from the joints of arthritic patients respond to both bacterial and human heat shock proteins indicating that autoimmunity may be involved in causation of arthritis. While only about 2% of a population exposed to a triggering infection will acquire arthritis, these individuals undergo pain and suffering as well as economic hardships as a result of their disease. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Smith, J L AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 935 EP - 941 VL - 57 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - arthritis KW - Campylobacter KW - Shigella KW - food-borne diseases KW - Salmonella KW - Yersinia KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16086235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Arthritis+and+foodborne+bacteria&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yersinia; Shigella; Salmonella; Campylobacter; arthritis; food-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin B1 reduces Na(+)-P(i) co-transport in proximal renal epithelium: studies in opossum kidney (OK) cells. AN - 76779651; 7940571 AB - In vivo studies indicate that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) may affect the renal regulation of inorganic phosphate (P(i)), possibly by altering the renal response to parathyroid hormone (PTH). Therefore, the present study utilized opossum kidney (OK) cells, a mammalian renal epithelial cell line, to determine whether AFB1 exposure alters sodium-phosphate (Na(+)-P(i)) co-transport and the hormonal modulation thereof. OK cells are an established renal cell line with many properties analogous to the proximal renal epithelium, including receptors for PTH, insulin, and high levels of Na(+)-P(i) co-transport. PTH and insulin have been shown to decrease and increase Na(+)-P(i) co-transport, respectively, in OK cells. In the present study, AFB1-treated cells responded to PTH; however, AFB1 exposure decreased Na(+)-P(i) uptake such that additional decreases in Na(+)-P(i) uptake in response to PTH were minimal. In the presence of insulin, AFB1-treated cells were only able to increase Na(+)-P(i) uptake to levels 30% below that of control cells. The net result was that the range of the proximal renal epithelium to adjust Na(+)-P(i) co-transport in response to hormonal modulation was reduced by AFB1 exposure. Sodium-dependent L-alanine uptake was measured and was found not to be affected by the highest concentration of AFB1; thus, indicating that AFB1 exposure may have specific effects on Na(+)-P(i) uptake and does not generally inhibit Na(+)-dependent transport. These observations are evidence that AFB1 exposure may alter key elements of renal function. Such effects raise concern that AFB1 exposure may have broad physiological impact in addition to its known carcinogenic properties. JF - Toxicology AU - Glahn, R P AU - Van Campen, D AU - Dousa, T P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Y1 - 1994/09/06/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Sep 06 SP - 91 EP - 100 VL - 92 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - Insulin KW - Parathyroid Hormone KW - Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins KW - Symporters KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Alanine KW - OF5P57N2ZX KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Alanine -- metabolism KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Opossums KW - Parathyroid Hormone -- physiology KW - Kidney Tubules, Proximal -- metabolism KW - Insulin -- physiology KW - Carrier Proteins -- drug effects KW - Kidney Tubules, Proximal -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity KW - Sodium -- metabolism KW - Kidney Tubules, Proximal -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76779651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+sugarcane+relatives+injected+with+Ustilago+scitaminea&rft.au=Burner%2C+D+M%3BGrisham%2C+M+P%3BLegendre%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Burner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined toxicity of T-2 toxin and cyclopiazonic acid in broiler chicks. AN - 76904693; 7800637 AB - The effects of feeding 6 mg T-2 toxin (T-2) and 34 mg cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)/kg of diet singly and in combination were characterized in male broiler chicks from 1 d to 3 wk of age. Body weights were depressed by T-2, CPA, and the combination of T-2 and CPA. There was a significant synergistic interaction between T-2 and CPA for relative liver and kidney weights and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and a significant interaction between T-2 and CPA for 3-wk body weights and relative bursa of Fabricius weights, which were less than additive. Neither the efficiency of feed utilization nor mortality was affected by dietary treatments. Oral lesions were present in a majority of the chicks fed diets containing T-2 with or without CPA. When compared with controls, other variables measured exhibited additive or less than additive toxicity. These data demonstrate that T-2 and CPA alone and in combination can cause reduced performance and adversely affect broiler health. The effects of these mycotoxins may be exacerbated by other factors when under field conditions; hence, the potential detrimental effects of these two mycotoxins when present alone or in combination cannot be dismissed. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Smith, E E AU - Gentles, A AU - Harvey, R B AU - Edrington, T S AU - Phillips, T D AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 1390 EP - 1397 VL - 73 IS - 9 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Indoles KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - cyclopiazonic acid KW - X9TLY4580Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Animals KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mouth Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - T-2 Toxin -- poisoning KW - T-2 Toxin -- administration & dosage KW - Chickens KW - Indoles -- poisoning KW - Indoles -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76904693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+toxicity+of+T-2+toxin+and+cyclopiazonic+acid+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BSmith%2C+E+E%3BGentles%2C+A%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Future directions for establishing mineral/trace element requirements. AN - 76711215; 8089746 AB - The amount of an element needed to prevent frank deficiency may not be sufficient to support optimal nutrition, but amounts to support optimal nutrition have not been established. Minerals and trace elements are toxic in excess and the interval between the required and toxic amount of some elements is narrow. Thus, lower and upper limits of an optimal range must be established. Before establishing dietary recommendations to support optimal nutriture for minerals, we need (1) sensitive and reliable methods for assessing status of most elements and (2) a better understanding of the influence of nutrient and non-nutrient components of diets upon requirements. Functions such as immune function, anti-oxidant status, muscle strength, glucose metabolism, and blood clotting can be affected by inadequate or excessive amounts of an element and may be more sensitive than specific status indices. Since such functions are not specific, studies must be designed so that a cause and effect relationship between the mineral and the functional index can be established. Two approaches to mineral status assessment may be both sensitive and specific: (1) tests of metalloenzyme function and (2) tracer studies using stable isotopes of minerals. Not only can stable isotopes be used to follow the metabolic fate of a mineral without exposure to radioactivity, they can be used in conjunction with compartmental modeling to predict kinetics and pool sizes in tissues not accessible in humans. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Turnlund, J R AD - USDA/ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94129. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 1765S EP - 1770S VL - 124 IS - 9 Suppl SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Trace Elements KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Humans KW - Absorption KW - Diet KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Trace Elements -- administration & dosage KW - Trace Elements -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76711215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Future+directions+for+establishing+mineral%2Ftrace+element+requirements.&rft.au=Turnlund%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Turnlund&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=9+Suppl&rft.spage=1765S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reclamation of saltwater-contaminated soil in the Big Lake Field AN - 50211591; 1994-049662 JF - AAPG Bulletin AU - Weathers, Michael L AU - Moore, Kenneth R AU - Ford, Donald L AU - Curlee, Charles K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 1481 PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK VL - 78 IS - 9 SN - 0149-1423, 0149-1423 KW - wells KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Reagan County Texas KW - waste water KW - reclamation KW - drainage KW - Big Lake Field KW - injection KW - pollution KW - fresh water KW - Texas KW - salt water KW - oil and gas fields KW - topography KW - percolation KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - discharge KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50211591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Reclamation+of+saltwater-contaminated+soil+in+the+Big+Lake+Field&rft.au=Weathers%2C+Michael+L%3BMoore%2C+Kenneth+R%3BFord%2C+Donald+L%3BCurlee%2C+Charles+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Weathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.issn=01491423&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aapgbull.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies and Gulf Coast Section of SEPM meeting (AAPG Gulf Coast Section) N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AABUD2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Big Lake Field; discharge; drainage; fresh water; hydrology; injection; leaching; oil and gas fields; percolation; pollution; Reagan County Texas; reclamation; salt water; soils; Texas; topography; United States; waste disposal; waste water; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil enzyme activities after 1500 years of terrace agriculture in the Colca Valley, Peru AN - 50173179; 1995-020303 JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Dick, R P AU - Sandor, J A AU - Eash, N S Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 123 EP - 131 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - fertilizers KW - organic residues KW - ecosystems KW - enzymes KW - guano KW - Majes River KW - Western Cordillera KW - sediments KW - Colca Valley KW - Central Andes KW - Peru KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - concentration KW - Andes KW - pollutants KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - phosphorus KW - South America KW - physical properties KW - organic compounds KW - Arequipa Peru KW - tillage KW - proteins KW - Mollisols KW - land use KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50173179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Soil+enzyme+activities+after+1500+years+of+terrace+agriculture+in+the+Colca+Valley%2C+Peru&rft.au=Dick%2C+R+P%3BSandor%2C+J+A%3BEash%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01678809 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Andes; Arequipa Peru; Central Andes; Colca Valley; concentration; ecosystems; enzymes; fertilizers; guano; land use; Majes River; Mollisols; organic compounds; organic materials; organic residues; Peru; phosphorus; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; proteins; sediments; soil management; soils; South America; tillage; Western Cordillera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions of cattle vaccinated with mutant strains of Brucella abortus, using brucellins prepared from various brucellar strains AN - 15812275; 4000483 AB - Cutaneous reactivity to brucellin was evaluated in 10-month-old heifers vaccinated with low-virulence mutant strains of Brucella abortus and was compared with brucellin reactions in postparturient cows with active brucellosis. In the cows, the cutaneous lesion was characterized microscopically as severe, acute, serofibrinous vasculitis; dermal lesions at 6, 12, 25, and 48 hours after brucellin injection consisted of endothelial activation and perivascular exudation that led to progressive accumulation of fibrin, monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes. In vaccinated heifers, cutaneous tests were done, using standard brucellin, brucellin prepared from strain RB51, and the purified brucellar proteins-31K and superoxide dismutase. Negative-control cattle given saline solution, did not have cutaneous reactions. Standard brucellin induced the most marked reactions in vaccinated heifers. Brucellin from rough strain RB51 caused positive reactions in heifers vaccinated with strain 19, but reactions were variable in other groups. Skin lesions induced by purified superoxide dismutase and 31-kd proteins in vaccinated cattle were not acceptable for diagnosis. Marked variability of test responses in vaccinated cattle precludes field use of this test to determine vaccination status. (DBO) JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Cheville, N F AU - Jensen, A E AU - Morfitt, D C AU - Stabel, T J AD - Brucellosis Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 1261 EP - 1266 VL - 55 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - brucellins KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Brucella abortus KW - hypersensitivity (delayed) KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15812275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Cutaneous+delayed+hypersensitivity+reactions+of+cattle+vaccinated+with+mutant+strains+of+Brucella+abortus%2C+using+brucellins+prepared+from+various+brucellar+strains&rft.au=Cheville%2C+N+F%3BJensen%2C+A+E%3BMorfitt%2C+D+C%3BStabel%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Cheville&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; vaccination; hypersensitivity (delayed) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicides inhibiting acetyl-CoA carboxylase. AN - 76940509; 7821649 JF - Biochemical Society transactions AU - Gronwald, J W AD - Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 616 EP - 621 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0300-5127, 0300-5127 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase KW - EC 6.4.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Poaceae -- drug effects KW - Poaceae -- enzymology KW - Binding Sites KW - Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Herbicides -- classification KW - Herbicides -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76940509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Discula+destructiva+and+other+fungi+from+seeds+of+dogwood+trees&rft.au=Britton%2C+KO%3BRoncadori%2C+R+W%3BHendrix%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=KO&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1026&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium kinetics, placental transfer, and neonatal exposure in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). AN - 76901934; 7801302 AB - Forty pregnant cynomolgus macaques were treated daily from gestational day 20 to 50 by nasogastric intubation of 0, 25, 150, or 300 micrograms selenium as L-selenomethionine/kg body weight. In each group, 7-8 pregnancies were terminated by hysterotomy at gestational day 100 +/- 2 and the fetuses were examined, while 2-3 pregnancies in each group were allowed to proceed to term. Selenium and soluble glutathione peroxidase were measured in: maternal, neonatal, and fetal plasma and erythrocytes; fetal kidney, liver, muscle, and placenta; and maternal breast milk. The area under the multidose maternal plasma selenium concentration:time curve, the maximum maternal plasma selenium concentration, and the maternal urinary selenium excretion rates were proportional to the L-selenomethionine dose. Selenium concentrations in all fetal and neonatal, tissues were also proportional to maternal L-selenomethionine dose. Glutathione peroxidase was affected only in maternal erythrocytes, fetal kidney, and neonatal plasma. The selenium concentration in fetal plasma was an average 33% of that in maternal plasma. Although selenium concentrations in macaque milk were doubled by the highest dose, intrauterine selenium accumulation accounted for the majority of the neonatal selenium body burden. Despite the elevated selenium concentrations in fetal tissues, neonatal blood, and milk, no deleterious effects on neonates were observed. These results suggest that primate fetuses are well protected against selenium toxicity arising from high maternal L-selenomethionine intakes. JF - Teratology AU - Hawkes, W C AU - Willhite, C C AU - Omaye, S T AU - Cox, D N AU - Choy, W N AU - Tarantal, A F AD - USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, San Francisco, California 94129. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 148 EP - 159 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Selenomethionine KW - 964MRK2PEL KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Fetal Blood KW - Gestational Age KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Erythrocytes -- metabolism KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Selenium -- blood KW - Selenium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Selenomethionine -- toxicity KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Selenomethionine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Placenta -- metabolism KW - Fetus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76901934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Selenium+kinetics%2C+placental+transfer%2C+and+neonatal+exposure+in+cynomolgus+macaques+%28Macaca+fascicularis%29.&rft.au=Hawkes%2C+W+C%3BWillhite%2C+C+C%3BOmaye%2C+S+T%3BCox%2C+D+N%3BChoy%2C+W+N%3BTarantal%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Hawkes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Iturin A: a potential new fungicide for stored grains. AN - 76866402; 7984212 AB - The removal of many synthetic fungicides from the market has created a demand for new, environmentally safe fungicides. Iturin A, a cyclic lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, has strong antifungal properties and low mammalian toxicity. To determine the efficacy of this compound as a potential fungicide on stored feed grains, lots of corn, peanuts and cottonseed were treated with varying concentrations of iturin A. The mycoflora of treated seed was assayed along with that of untreated seed and seed treated with fungicides used commercially for planting seed. Fungal species varied considerably in their sensitivity to iturin A. Significant reductions in total mycoflora occurred in most seed lots tested at iturin A concentrations of 50 to 100 ppm. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Klich, M A AU - Arthur, K S AU - Lax, A R AU - Bland, J M AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA/ARS, New Orleans, Louisiana. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 123 EP - 127 VL - 127 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - Peptides KW - Peptides, Cyclic KW - iturin A KW - 52229-90-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Arachis -- microbiology KW - Species Specificity KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Gossypium -- microbiology KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Pest Control KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Fungi -- drug effects KW - Seeds -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76866402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Iturin+A%3A+a+potential+new+fungicide+for+stored+grains.&rft.au=Klich%2C+M+A%3BArthur%2C+K+S%3BLax%2C+A+R%3BBland%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Klich&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of germanium and silicon on bone mineralization. AN - 76857717; 7981005 AB - The chemical properties of Ge are similar to Si. This study investigated whether Ge can substitute for, or is antagonistic to, Si in bone formation. Sixty male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to treatment groups of 12 and 6 in a 2 x 4 factorially arranged experiment. The independent variables were, per gram fresh diet, Si (as sodium metasilicate) at 0 or 25 micrograms and Ge (as sodium germanate) at 0, 5, 30, or 60 micrograms. Results confirmed that Ge does not enhance Si deprivation and provided evidence that Ge apparently can replace Si in functions that influence bone composition. When Si was lacking in the diet, calcium and magnesium concentrations of the femur were decreased; this was reversed by feeding either Ge and/or Si. Similar effects were found for zinc, sodium, iron, manganese, and potassium of vertebra. There were some responses to Si deprivation that Ge could not reverse; Ge did not increase femur copper, sodium, or phosphorus or decrease molybdenum of vertebra, effects that were evoked by Si supplementation. Additionally, some findings suggested that 60 micrograms Ge/g diet could be a toxic intake for the rat. On the other hand, some responses induced by Ge indicate that this element may be acting physiologically other than as a substitute for Si. Germanium itself affected bone composition. Germanium supplementation decreased Si and molybdenum in the femur and increased DNA in tibia. Regardless of the amount of Si fed, animals fed 30 micrograms Ge/g diet had increased tibial DNA compared to animals fed 0 or 60 micrograms Ge; however, tibial DNA of animals fed 30 micrograms Ge was not statistically different from those animals fed 5 micrograms Ge. Thus, Ge may be of nutritional importance. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Seaborn, C D AU - Nielsen, F H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 151 EP - 164 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Blood Proteins KW - 0 KW - Germanium KW - 00072J7XWS KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- blood KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- physiology KW - Bone and Bones -- metabolism KW - Copper -- blood KW - Tibia KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Bone and Bones -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Blood Proteins -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Silicon -- pharmacology KW - Calcification, Physiologic -- drug effects KW - Silicon -- administration & dosage KW - Germanium -- administration & dosage KW - Germanium -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76857717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+germanium+and+silicon+on+bone+mineralization.&rft.au=Seaborn%2C+C+D%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Seaborn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-03 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of ochratoxin A on Salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. AN - 76836988; 7971666 AB - Poultry products represent a significant reservoir of Salmonella typhimurium. Ochratoxin A, a mycotoxin and natural contaminant of poultry feedstuffs, produces detrimental effects on the immune and other systems of the broiler chick. Because poultry products are possible sources of S. typhimurium contamination that can potentially infect humans, there is a need to know whether ochratoxin A can alter the growth of Salmonella in poultry. We investigated the pathological alterations of young male broiler chicks by S. typhimurium in the presence (3.0 mg/kg) or absence of ochratoxin A in the diet. Ochratoxin A alone in the diet decreased the body weight and increased the relative organ weights of the liver, kidney, gizzard, spleen, pancreas, and proventriculus. It did not affect the heart and bursa of Fabricius. The mycotoxin altered the serum concentrations of proteins, enzymes, calcium and phosphate salts, normal tissue constituents, and catabolic metabolites in a pattern that would suggest damage to skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, pancreas, and bone. Birds fed diets containing ochratoxin A had microcytic and hypochromic erythrocytes and a decrease in phytohemagglutin- and concanavalin A-stimulated blastogenesis. Salmonella typhimurium alone had no affect on the variables measured except for a decrease in body weight. With the exception of an increase in mortality (13.2%, a significant synergistic interaction) and decrease in body weight, Salmonella in combination with ochratoxin A did not alter the values of the remaining variables measured from those measured in the ochratoxin A diet alone. Cecal colony count of S. typhimurium was not affected by treatment with ochratoxin A. JF - Poultry science AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Huff, W E AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 1241 EP - 1248 VL - 73 IS - 8 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Ochratoxins KW - 0 KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- physiology KW - Ochratoxins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76836988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ochratoxin+A+on+Salmonella-challenged+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Elissalde%2C+M+H%3BZiprin%2C+R+L%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Elissalde&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global DNA hypomethylation increases progressively in cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. AN - 76622629; 8039116 AB - Global DNA hypomethylation has been observed in some human neoplasms and has been implicated as an important factor in carcinogenesis. The current study was designed to assess whether DNA hypomethylation occurs in cervical dysplasia and cancer, and to determine the relationship between the degree of DNA hypomethylation and the grade of neoplasia. Cervical biopsy specimens were obtained from colposcopically identifiable lesions in 41 patients with abnormal Pap smear results. The extent of global DNA methylation was assessed by incubating the extracted DNA with [3H]-S-adenosylmethionine and Sss1 methyltransferase, an enzyme that specifically catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups to cytosine residues in the cytosine-guanine doublet. The degree of exogenous 3H-methyl group incorporation into the DNA therefore is related reciprocally to the extent of endogenous DNA methylation. These data were compared with the histopathologic classification of the lesions. The extent of 3H-methyl group incorporation was increased threefold and sevenfold in the DNA from cervical dysplasia and cancer, respectively, compared with the DNA from normal cervical tissue (P = 0.006, analysis of variance). Significant incremental increases in DNA hypomethylation were observed in the progression from normal and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) to high grade SIL and to cancer (P < 0.0001, trend). These data show that global DNA hypomethylation is a significant epigenetic event in cervical carcinogenesis and that the degree of DNA hypomethylation increases with the grade of cervical neoplasia. These data suggest that global DNA methylation may serve as a biochemical marker of cervical neoplasia. JF - Cancer AU - Kim, Y I AU - Giuliano, A AU - Hatch, K D AU - Schneider, A AU - Nour, M A AU - Dallal, G E AU - Selhub, J AU - Mason, J B AD - Vitamin Bioavailability Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. Y1 - 1994/08/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Aug 01 SP - 893 EP - 899 VL - 74 IS - 3 SN - 0008-543X, 0008-543X KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Cervix Uteri -- metabolism KW - Methylation KW - Female KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Uterine Cervical Dysplasia -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76622629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer&rft.atitle=Global+DNA+hypomethylation+increases+progressively+in+cervical+dysplasia+and+carcinoma.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y+I%3BGiuliano%2C+A%3BHatch%2C+K+D%3BSchneider%2C+A%3BNour%2C+M+A%3BDallal%2C+G+E%3BSelhub%2C+J%3BMason%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer&rft.issn=0008543X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucosyltransferase Mutants of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355. AN - 733448663; 16349346 AB - Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355 produces dextrans and alternan from sucrose. Alternan is an unusual dextran-like polymer containing alternating alpha(1-->6)/alpha(1-->3) glucosidic bonds. Cultures were mutagenized with UV and ethyl methanesulfonate, and colony morphology mutants were selected on 10% sucrose plates. Colony morphology variants exhibited changes from parent cultures in the production of one or more glucosyltransferases (GTFs) and glucans. Mutants were characterized by measuring resistance of glucan products to dextranase digestion, by electrophoresis, and by high-pressure liquid chromatography of maltose acceptor products generated from sucrose-maltose mixtures. Some mutants produced almost pure fraction L dextran, and cultures exhibited a single principal GTF band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels. Other mutants produced glucans enriched for alternan. Colony morphology characteristics (size, smoothness, and opacity) and liquid culture properties (clumpiness, color, and viscosity in 10% sucrose medium) were explained on the basis of GTF production. Three principal GTF bands were detected. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Smith, M R AU - Zahnley, J AU - Goodman, N AD - Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 2723 EP - 2731 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733448663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Glucosyltransferase+Mutants+of+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+NRRL+B-1355.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+R%3BZahnley%2C+J%3BGoodman%2C+N&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Carbohydr Res. 1993 Oct 4;248:339-48 [7504583] Microbios. 1978;23(93-94):136-46 [117283] Prep Biochem. 1990;20(2):93-106 [2146604] Carbohydr Res. 1986 Mar 1;147(1):119-33 [2938733] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 Mar 29;785(3):89-96 [6200140] Biotechnol Bioeng. 1979 Jul;21(7):1121-31 [454805] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Anal Biochem. 1986 Aug 1;156(2):357-63 [2429584] Mol Immunol. 1986 Sep;23(9):999-1028 [2431300] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Road failure by subsurface stormflow in melange terrane AN - 52823575; 1996-057742 JF - Proceedings of the Annual Highway Geology Symposium AU - Durgin, Philip AU - Williams, John W AU - Beck, Timothy J Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 89 EP - 90 PB - Highway Geology Symposium, Atlanta, GA VL - 35 SN - 0160-9564, 0160-9564 KW - United States KW - clay KW - soil mechanics KW - failures KW - Six Rivers National Forest KW - clastic sediments KW - slopes KW - earthflows KW - drainage KW - potentiometric surface KW - California KW - slumping KW - pressuremeters KW - Humboldt County California KW - mass movements KW - sediments KW - slope stability KW - melange KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52823575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Soil+aluminium+effects+on+uptake%2C+influx%2C+and+transport+of+nutrients+in+sorghum+genotypes&rft.au=Baligar%2C+V+C%3BSchaffert%2C+R+E%3BDos+Santos%2C+HL%3BPitta%2C+GVE%3BDe+C.+Bahia+Filho%2C+AF&rft.aulast=Baligar&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 35th annual highway geology symposium and field trip N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - GA N1 - SuppNotes - Sponsored by the Calif. Dep. Transp. and San Jose State Univ., Dep. Geol. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PAHGAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; clastic sediments; clay; drainage; earthflows; failures; Humboldt County California; mass movements; melange; potentiometric surface; pressuremeters; sediments; Six Rivers National Forest; slope stability; slopes; slumping; soil mechanics; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater nitrate levels under fertilized grass and grass-legume pastures AN - 52823549; 1996-057790 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Owens, L B AU - Edwards, W M AU - Van Keuren, R W Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 752 EP - 758 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - water quality KW - fertilizers KW - pollutants KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - vegetation KW - nitrate ion KW - land use KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52823549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Groundwater+nitrate+levels+under+fertilized+grass+and+grass-legume+pastures&rft.au=Owens%2C+L+B%3BEdwards%2C+W+M%3BVan+Keuren%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=752&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; fertilizers; ground water; land use; nitrate ion; pollutants; pollution; vegetation; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of fluorobenzoates tracers in surface soils AN - 50239893; 1994-038794 JF - Ground Water AU - Jaynes, Dan B Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 532 EP - 538 PB - National Water Well Association, Ground-Water Technology Division, Urbana, IL VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - soils KW - fluorobenzoate KW - movement KW - tracers KW - water management KW - unsaturated zone KW - water regimes KW - leaching KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50239893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+fluorobenzoates+tracers+in+surface+soils&rft.au=Jaynes%2C+Dan+B&rft.aulast=Jaynes&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=532&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-6584 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - GRWAAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; fluorobenzoate; ground water; leaching; movement; soils; tracers; unsaturated zone; water management; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The geomorphology of some debris flows in the southern Sierra Nevada, California AN - 50184334; 1994-054264 AB - Debris flows are one of the natural hazards present in the southern Sierra Nevada of California. Historic debris flow activity is documented at a USDA Forest Service research facility in the Kings River drainage related to a 1937 storm event. No subsequent study of this phenomenon was undertaken until 1982. Observations of debris flows over the succeeding 10 years offer an initial assessment of the physical geomorphology of debris flows in this area. This information provides a starting point for future efforts to avoid or limit the effect of this natural hazard. Observations were made in the Tuolumne, Merced, San Joaquin, and Kings River drainages. Of the twenty-six debris flows observed, six were examined in detail to provide specific data on this phenomenon. Triggering events for debris flows in the southern Sierra Nevada include intense rainfall, rain-on-snow storms, and seasonal melting of heavy snowpacks. Movement typically occurs at depths between 0.3 and 5 m below ground surface. This is representative of depths for the three interfaces associated with initiation of movement; (1) at the base of the root zone, (2) at the contact of well-weathered and less-weathered soil, and (3) at the contact between soil and unweathered bedrock. Measurement of debris flow velocity based on indirect methods found values ranging from 2.6 m/s to 7.2 m/s (9 km/h to 26 km/h). Recurrence intervals based on radiocarbon dates are between 425 and 500 years BP. Roads and other land use investments have suffered damage from debris flow activity during the 1982 to 1993 period. Stump Springs road in the San Joaquin river drainage required US$1.4 million to repair damage primarily from 1982 debris flows. The threat to life arising from debris flows is illustrated by the consequences of vegetation losses from wildfire near El Portal, California. The projected population growth with associated increased infrastructure raises concern for greater impacts from future debris flow occurrence in the southern Sierra Nevada. JF - Geomorphology AU - DeGraff, Jerome V A2 - Morisawa, M. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 231 EP - 252 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 10 IS - 1-4 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - United States KW - Sierra Nevada KW - processes KW - California KW - geologic hazards KW - mass movements KW - damage KW - velocity KW - economics KW - geomorphology KW - debris flows KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50184334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=The+geomorphology+of+some+debris+flows+in+the+southern+Sierra+Nevada%2C+California&rft.au=DeGraff%2C+Jerome+V&rft.aulast=DeGraff&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0169555X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 25th Binghamton symposium in geomorphology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; damage; debris flows; economics; geologic hazards; geomorphology; mass movements; processes; Sierra Nevada; United States; velocity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surfactant-Increased Glyphosate Uptake into Plasma Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Common Lambsquarters Leaves. AN - 1859377306; 12232297 AB - Plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from mature leaves of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) to investigate whether this membrane is a barrier to glyphosate uptake and whether surfactants possess differential abilities to enhance glyphosate permeability. Amino acids representing several structural classes showed [delta]pH-dependent transport, indicating that the proteins necessary for active, proton-coupled amino acid transport were present and functional. Glyphosate uptake was very low compared to the acidic amino acid glutamate, indicating that glyphosate is not utilizing an endogenous amino acid carrier to enter the leaf cells and that the plasma membrane appears to be a significant barrier to cellular uptake. In addition, glyphosate flux was much lower than that measured for either bentazon or atrazine, both lipid-permeable herbicides that diffuse through the bilayer. Glyphosate uptake was stimulated by 0.01% (v:v) MON 0818, the cationic surfactant used in the commercial formulation of this herbicide for foliar application. This concentration of surfactant did not disrupt the integrity of the plasma membrane vesicles, as evidenced by the stability of imposed pH gradients and active amino acid transport. Nonionic surfactants that disrupt the cuticle but that do not promote glyphosate toxicity in the field also increased glyphosate transport into the membrane vesicles. Thus, no correlation was observed between whole plant toxicity and surfactant-aided uptake. Current data suggest that surfactant efficacy may be the result of charged surfactants' ability to diffuse away from the cuticle into the subtending apoplastic space, where they act directly on the plasma membrane to increase glyphosate uptake. JF - Plant physiology AU - Riechers, D. E. AU - Wax, L. M. AU - Liebl, R. A. AU - Bush, D. R. AD - Departments of Agronomy (D.E.R., L.M.W., R.A.L.) and Plant Biology (D.R.B.), University of Illinois, and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (L.M.W., D.R.B.), Urbana, Illinois 61801. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 1419 EP - 1425 VL - 105 IS - 4 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859377306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Surfactant-Increased+Glyphosate+Uptake+into+Plasma+Membrane+Vesicles+Isolated+from+Common+Lambsquarters+Leaves.&rft.au=Riechers%2C+D.+E.%3BWax%2C+L.+M.%3BLiebl%2C+R.+A.%3BBush%2C+D.+R.&rft.aulast=Riechers&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of three nucleic acid hybridization systems for detection of Campylobacter spp. in poultry products AN - 16004740; 4083476 AB - Three commercially available nucleic acid hybridization systems were evaluated in combination with the United States Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) cultural protocol for the detection of Campylobacter spp. from a variety of poultry products. Samples were enriched for 24 h in Hunt broth and then plated onto modified charcoal Campylobacter differential agar. Suspensions of growth from the selective agar plates were then analyzed by the probe assays. The GENE-TRAK registered Campylobacter Assay (revised format) and the GEN-PROBE registered ACCUPROBE super(TM) Campylobacter Culture Confirmation Test showed sensitivities and specificities of 100% upon testing of 30 raw chicken rinses. The original format GENE-TRAK registered test had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100% when these samples were tested. Ninety percent of the raw chicken rinses were found to contain Campylobacter spp. by either of the two more sensitive probes or by the USDA/FSIS cultural method. Eighty-three percent of the rinses registered Campylobacter-positive by the original format GENE-TRAK registered probe. When inoculated ready-to-eat poultry samples were examined, the revised format GENE-TRAK registered test and the ACCUPROBE super(TM) assay had sensitivities of 83% and specificities of 100%. The original format GENE-TRAK registered test showed a 75% sensitivity and a 100% specificity with these samples. The USDA/FSIS cultural method had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 100% with the inoculated samples. The detection limit of the revised format GENE-TRAK registered and the ACCUPROBE super(TM) assays upon testing pooled cell suspensions of four Campylobacter jejuni poultry isolates was approximately 10 super(6) CFU/ml. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ransom, G M AU - Dreesen, D W AU - Rose, B E AU - Lattuada, C P AD - USDA-FSIS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-East, Bldg. 322, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 703 EP - 709 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - poultry KW - hybridization analysis KW - Campylobacter KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16004740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+three+nucleic+acid+hybridization+systems+for+detection+of+Campylobacter+spp.+in+poultry+products&rft.au=Ransom%2C+G+M%3BDreesen%2C+D+W%3BRose%2C+B+E%3BLattuada%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Ransom&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter; poultry; hybridization analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Putting "ecosystem" into natural resource management AN - 15986547; 4073302 AB - This paper describes an approach to ecosystem management that involves four distinct steps: (1) a model of technical principles and concepts in ecosystem management; (2) a method to monitor the precise relation between land management activities that impact an ecosystem and the ecosystem itself; (3) an approach to manage and or restore an ecosystem founded on principles of ecosystem dynamics; and (4) a concept to develop the vision and strategy to manage an ecosystem. We conclude with a focus to put "ecosystem" into natural resource management. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Samson, F B AU - Knopf, F L AD - USDA Forest Service Northern Region, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 288 EP - 291 VL - 51 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - ecosystem management KW - resource management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15986547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Putting+%22ecosystem%22+into+natural+resource+management&rft.au=Samson%2C+F+B%3BKnopf%2C+F+L&rft.aulast=Samson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - resource management; ecosystem management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of Agrobacterium species from the noxious rangeland weeds Euphorbia esula and Centaurea repens AN - 15909978; 4044108 AB - Disease surveys were made of Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens) and leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), two noxious weeds that severely infest large areas of rangelands in the northern Great Plains. Strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were isolated from Russian knapweed exhibiting crown galls in New Mexico in 1991. Strains pathogenic to one or more of Helianthus annuus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Datura stramonium, or Russian knapweed and known strains of biovars 1 and 2 of A. tumefaciens and A. vitis were inoculated on Russian knapweed and two other knapweed species, diffuse (C. diffusa) and spotted (C. maculosa). Some strains from New Mexico were strongly pathogenic to diffuse knapweed, causing rapidly developing galls that typically girdled, stunted, and caused death of the host. The biovar 1 strains were pathogenic to all three knapweed species, strains of biovar 2 were pathogenic to diffuse and spotted knapweed, and the single A. vitis strain was pathogenic only to diffuse knapweed, forming small galls. Stunted and chlorotic plants of leafy spurge with crown galls, collected in Glacier County, Montana, and plants with root galls collected in eastern North Dakota were infected with A. tumefaciens, which was identified as biovar 1. Leafy spurge plants exhibiting galls on roots collected in North Dakota were infected with strains identified as biovars 1 and 2. Host ranges among nine pathogenic strains from Russian knapweed, leafy spurge, and known strains representing biovars 1 and 2 of A. tumefaciens and A. vitis varied greatly, with six of the nine strains being pathogenic to no more than one additional species besides the original host. These findings indicate that A. tumefaciens may be effective as a biological control of these important rangeland weeds and especially of diffuse knapweed. JF - Plant Disease AU - Caesar, A J AD - USDA-ARS, Rangeland Weeds Lab., Biol. Control Weeds Res. Unit and Dep. Plant Pathol., Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717-0056, USA Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 796 EP - 800 VL - 78 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Centaurea repens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Agrobacterium tumefaciens KW - Agrobacterium vitis KW - weeds KW - Euphorbia esula KW - rangelands KW - A 01118:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15909978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Pathogenicity+of+Agrobacterium+species+from+the+noxious+rangeland+weeds+Euphorbia+esula+and+Centaurea+repens&rft.au=Caesar%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Caesar&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=796&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Euphorbia esula; Agrobacterium vitis; weeds; rangelands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses to selection for resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa by stem inoculations AN - 15866705; 4025304 AB - Plants of alfalfa cultivar Delta were screened for resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum by inoculating tips of intact or excised stems and measuring the extent of necrosis that developed basipetally after 2 wk. Four of 494 plants that exhibited low levels of necrosis in repeated tests were cloned and polycrossed. Seed of these selections were harvested by parental source, and the four half-sib families were evaluated for resistance to S. trifoliorum by both stem and whole-plant inoculations. Three of four families were significantly (P = 0.05) more resistant than the parental cultivar when tested with stem inoculations. The same three families also were significantly (P = 0.05) more resistant than the parental cultivar when tested with whole-plant inoculations. The fourth half-sib family gave intermediate responses with both inoculation methods. Plants of the three most resistant families were combined and transplanted at two field sites, along with the parental cultivar, into naturally infested soils during two winter seasons. In each of four experiments, significantly (P = 0.05) less natural disease developed in plants of the progeny than in the parental cultivar. These results demonstrate that resistance to S. trifoliorum in alfalfa, as identified by the stem inoculation technique, is heritable and is also expressed as whole-plant resistance to controlled inoculations and to natural infection in the field. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pratt, R G AU - Rowe, DE AD - USDA-ARS, Forage Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 826 EP - 829 VL - 78 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - inoculum KW - stems KW - Medicago sativa KW - Sclerotinia trifoliorum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15866705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Responses+to+selection+for+resistance+to+Sclerotinia+trifoliorum+in+alfalfa+by+stem+inoculations&rft.au=Pratt%2C+R+G%3BRowe%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sclerotinia trifoliorum; Medicago sativa; stems; inoculum; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tonsil and turbinate colonization by toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida in conventionally raised swine. AN - 76789533; 7948212 JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Ackermann, M R AU - DeBey, M C AU - Register, K B AU - Larson, D J AU - Kinyon, J M AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 375 EP - 377 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bacterial Toxins -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Swine -- microbiology KW - Turbinates -- microbiology KW - Pasteurella multocida -- metabolism KW - Pasteurella multocida -- isolation & purification KW - Palatine Tonsil -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76789533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Tonsil+and+turbinate+colonization+by+toxigenic+and+nontoxigenic+strains+of+Pasteurella+multocida+in+conventionally+raised+swine.&rft.au=Ackermann%2C+M+R%3BDeBey%2C+M+C%3BRegister%2C+K+B%3BLarson%2C+D+J%3BKinyon%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Ackermann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hatchery-acquired salmonellae in broiler chicks. AN - 76776652; 7937477 AB - Hatchery contamination can result in exposure of newly hatched chicks to salmonellae at a time when they are most susceptible to colonization of their intestinal tract. Eggshell fragments, external rinses, and intestinal tracts from day-of-hatch chicks were sampled for salmonellae contamination. Chicks from the same hatching trays were then put in isolators or floor pens and fed a pelleted corn-soybean ration for 1 wk before external rinses and ceca from each chick were sampled for salmonellae. About 17% of eggshell, 21% of chick rinses, and 5% of intestines sampled at Day 0 were positive for salmonellae. No differences were observed between broiler hatcheries, but significant differences were seen between replications within hatching cabinets. Results from this study suggest a correlation between hatchery-acquired salmonellae and the production of potential seeder birds. No differences between eggshell and chick rinse samples were found (correlation = .81); therefore, eggshells are recommended as the best sample to determine hatchery salmonellae contamination. JF - Poultry science AU - Bailey, J S AU - Cox, N A AU - Berrang, M E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 1153 EP - 1157 VL - 73 IS - 7 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Egg Shell -- microbiology KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Air Microbiology KW - Cecum -- microbiology KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76776652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Hatchery-acquired+salmonellae+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BBerrang%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supplemental alanylglutamine, organ growth, and nitrogen metabolism in neonatal pigs fed by total parenteral nutrition. AN - 76749534; 7933437 AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether supplemental glutamine (alanylglutamine dipeptide) is effective in preventing small intestinal mucosal atrophy associated with total parenteral nutrition and whether it affects the growth of other organs in neonatal pigs. We compared organ growth, intestinal enzyme activity, and plasma nitrogen metabolites in 4-day-old pigs randomly selected to receive total parenteral nutrition supplemented with 0 g, 2.0 g, or 4.5 g of glutamine per deciliter for a total amino acid intake of either 11 or 25 g.kg-1.d-1 for 7 days. Glutamine supplementation increased (60% to 100%) plasma concentrations of glutamine, urea nitrogen, ammonia, and both jejunal villus height and surface area, but it did not significantly affect jejunal mucosal protein and DNA masses or the relative growth of liver, kidneys, and brain. No histologic evidence of tissue toxicity was found. Supplementing large amounts of glutamine (alanylglutamine dipeptide) did not completely prevent total parenteral nutrition-associated intestinal mucosal atrophy but did improve villus morphology without affecting vital organ growth or histology. JF - JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition AU - Burrin, D G AU - Shulman, R J AU - Langston, C AU - Storm, M C AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. PY - 1994 SP - 313 EP - 319 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0148-6071, 0148-6071 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Dipeptides KW - Glutamine KW - 0RH81L854J KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - alanylglutamine KW - U5JDO2770Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Ammonia -- blood KW - Liver -- growth & development KW - Kidney -- growth & development KW - Glutamine -- blood KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- pathology KW - Atrophy -- prevention & control KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Jejunum -- enzymology KW - Brain -- growth & development KW - Jejunum -- pathology KW - Dipeptides -- administration & dosage KW - Animals, Newborn -- growth & development KW - Parenteral Nutrition, Total -- adverse effects KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76749534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JPEN.+Journal+of+parenteral+and+enteral+nutrition&rft.atitle=Supplemental+alanylglutamine%2C+organ+growth%2C+and+nitrogen+metabolism+in+neonatal+pigs+fed+by+total+parenteral+nutrition.&rft.au=Burrin%2C+D+G%3BShulman%2C+R+J%3BLangston%2C+C%3BStorm%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Burrin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JPEN.+Journal+of+parenteral+and+enteral+nutrition&rft.issn=01486071&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability among atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains in ability to prevent aflatoxin contamination and production of aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway enzymes. AN - 76682916; 8074506 AB - Five strains of Aspergillus flavus lacking the ability to produce aflatoxins were examined in greenhouse tests for the ability to prevent a toxigenic strain from contaminating developing cottonseed with aflatoxins. All atoxigenic strains reduced contamination when inoculated into developing bolls 24 h prior to the toxigenic strain. However, only one strain, AF36, was highly effective when inoculated simultaneously with the toxigenic strain. All five strains were able to inhibit aflatoxin production by the toxigenic strain in liquid fermentation. Thus, in vitro activity did not predict the ability of an atoxigenic strain to prevent contamination of developing bolls. Therefore, strain selection for competitive exclusion to prevent aflatoxin contamination should include evaluation of efficacy in developing crops prior to field release. Atoxigenic strains were also characterized by the ability to convert several aflatoxin precursors into aflatoxin B1. Four atoxigenic strains failed to convert any of the aflatoxin biosynthetic precursors to aflatoxins. However, the strain (AF36) most effective in preventing aflatoxin contamination in developing bolls converted all tested precursors into aflatoxin B1, indicating that this strain made enzymes in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Cotty, P J AU - Bhatnagar, D AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179-0687. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 2248 EP - 2251 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Cottonseed Oil KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Gossypium -- growth & development KW - Animal Feed -- toxicity KW - Gossypium -- metabolism KW - Cottonseed Oil -- toxicity KW - Species Specificity KW - Gossypium -- microbiology KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus flavus -- classification KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Aspergillus flavus -- pathogenicity KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76682916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Variability+among+atoxigenic+Aspergillus+flavus+strains+in+ability+to+prevent+aflatoxin+contamination+and+production+of+aflatoxin+biosynthetic+pathway+enzymes.&rft.au=Cotty%2C+P+J%3BBhatnagar%2C+D&rft.aulast=Cotty&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genet Res. 1979 Aug;34(1):1-9 [116906] Mycopathologia. 1985 Dec;92(3):129-39 [3937056] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jan;53(1):14-6 [3103529] Mycopathologia. 1987 Feb;97(2):93-6 [3574436] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):127-30 [2515437] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1990 Aug;58(2):121-7 [2124794] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):156-62 [8439147] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3273-9 [8250554] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1987;53(3):147-58 [3116923] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas chromatographic/thermal energy analyzer method for N-nitrosodibenzylamine in hams processed in elastic rubber netting. AN - 76680650; 8069131 AB - We previously described a solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure for determining volatile nitrosamines in hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. This same procedure was found to successfully isolate N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA), a semivolatile nitrosamine. This nitrosamine may form as a result of the reformulated rubber now used in nettings. Reformulation became necessary because of the reported presence of N-nitrosodibutylamine in both the old nettings and on the exterior portion of commercial hams. After SPE, NDBzA was quantitated by using a gas chromatographic (GC) system interfaced to a nitrosamine-specific chemiluminescence detector [thermal energy analyzer (TEA)]. The GC system was equipped with a heated interface external to the TEA furnace to facilitate quantitation of NDBzA. With separation on a packed column, the method can be used to analyze 10 volatile nitrosamines and NDBzA. Repeatability of the method for NDBzA was found to be 2.1 ppb, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 10.6%. Analysis of 18 commercial hams from 9 different producers, purchased from local retailers, indicated that 12 were positive for NDBzA (range, 2.6-128.5 ppb). NDBzA was confirmed by GC/mass spectrometry. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Fiddler, W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19118. PY - 1994 SP - 981 EP - 984 VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Nitrosamines KW - 0 KW - N-nitrosodibenzylamine KW - 5336-53-8 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76680650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Gas+chromatographic%2Fthermal+energy+analyzer+method+for+N-nitrosodibenzylamine+in+hams+processed+in+elastic+rubber+netting.&rft.au=Pensabene%2C+J+W%3BFiddler%2C+W&rft.aulast=Pensabene&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of sulfonamides from fortified chicken tissues with supercritical CO2 and in-line adsorption. AN - 76676550; 8063887 AB - Improved recoveries and detectability of three sulfonamides from chicken tissues by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), without modifiers, using an in-line adsorption trap, are reported. Following SFE, the analytes are recovered from neutral alumina with the HPLC mobile phase. Samples are injected directly onto high-performance liquid chromatographic columns without post-extraction cleanup. Mean recoveries of sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxaline from liver, breast tissue, and thigh muscle are 89, 95, and 77%, respectively. The analytes are detectable at less than 100 ppb with a minimum of background interference. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Parks, O W AU - Maxwell, R J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 290 EP - 293 VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Sulfonamides KW - 0 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Adsorption KW - Sulfonamides -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76676550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+sulfonamides+from+fortified+chicken+tissues+with+supercritical+CO2+and+in-line+adsorption.&rft.au=Parks%2C+O+W%3BMaxwell%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromium and chronic ascorbic acid depletion effects on tissue ascorbate, manganese, and 14C retention from 14C-ascorbate in guinea pigs. AN - 76784192; 7946919 AB - Chromium (Cr) potentiates the effects of insulin and a role for insulin in ascorbic acid transport has been reported. Therefore, the effects of Cr and ascorbate depletion on tissue ascorbic acid and 14C distribution and excretion after a 14C ascorbate dose were investigated in guinea pigs. As utilization of dietary Cr is affected by interaction with other minerals, tissue manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were examined. For 20 wk, 40 weanling animals were fed either a Cr-deficient (< 0.06 micrograms Cr/g diet, -Cr) or a Cr-adequate (2 micrograms Cr from CrCl3/g diet, +Cr) casein-based diet and were given 1 mg ascorbate/d (-C) or 10 mg ascorbate/d (+C) for 20 wk. Animals fed the Cr-depleted diet had decreased weight at 20 wk (p < 0.01). Six hours before necropsy, animals were dosed by micropipette with 1.8 microCi of L-[carboxyl-14C] ascorbic acid and placed in metabolic cages. Ascorbate supplementation increased Fe concentrations in most analyzed tissues, hepatic 14C, tissue ascorbate and Mn concentration in the adrenal and testes, but decreased the concentrations of Cu in the kidney and Mn in the spleen. Liver Mn concentration was higher and kidney Mn concentration was lower in +Cr animals. Interactions between Cr and ascorbic acid affected Mn concentrations in bone and brain. These results indicate that ascorbate and Cr may affect Mn distribution. Chromium supplementation decreased plasma cortisol, brain 14C and the amount of 14C expired as carbon dioxide. These findings suggest that dietary Cr may affect ascorbic acid metabolism and the metabolic response to stress. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Seaborn, C D AU - Cheng, N AU - Adeleye, B AU - Owens, F AU - Stoecker, B J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 279 EP - 294 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone KW - 9002-60-2 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Hydrocortisone KW - WI4X0X7BPJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Hydrocortisone -- blood KW - Manganese -- metabolism KW - Ascorbic Acid -- metabolism KW - Chromium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76784192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Chromium+and+chronic+ascorbic+acid+depletion+effects+on+tissue+ascorbate%2C+manganese%2C+and+14C+retention+from+14C-ascorbate+in+guinea+pigs.&rft.au=Seaborn%2C+C+D%3BCheng%2C+N%3BAdeleye%2C+B%3BOwens%2C+F%3BStoecker%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Seaborn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration of chain length selectivity of a Rhizopus delemar lipase through site-directed mutagenesis. AN - 76718217; 8090057 AB - The coding sequences of the Rhizopus delemar lipase and prolipase were altered by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to introduce amino acid substitutions. The resulting mutant enzymes, synthesized by the bacterial host Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), were tested for their ability to hydrolyze the triglycerides triolein (TO), tricaprylin (TC) and tributyrin (TB). Mutagenesis and lipase gene expression were carried out using plasmid vectors derived from previously described recombinant plasmids [Joerger and Haas (1993) Lipids 28, 81-88] by introduction of the origin of replication of bacteriophage f1. Substitution of threonine 83 (thr83), a residue thought to be involved in oxyanion binding, by alanine essentially eliminated lipolytic activity toward all substrates examined (TB, TO and TC). Replacement of thr83 with serine caused from two- to sevenfold reductions in the activity toward these substrates. Introduction of tryptophan (trp) at position 89, where such a residue is found in closely related fungal lipases, reduced the specific activity toward the three triglyceride substrates. For the mutagenesis of residues in the predicted acyl chain binding groove, mutagenic primers were designed to cause the replacement of a specific codon within the prolipase gene with codons for all other amino acids. Phenylalanine 95 (phe95), phe112, valine 206 (val206) and val209, were targeted. A phenotypic screen was successfully employed to identify cells producing prolipase with altered preference for olive oil, TC or TB. In assays involving equimolar mixtures of the three triglycerides, a prolipase with a phe95-->aspartate mutation showed an almost twofold increase in the relative activity toward TC. Substitution of trp for phe112 caused an almost threefold decrease in the relative preference for TC, but elevated relative TB hydrolysis. Replacement of val209 with trp resulted in an enzyme with a two- and fourfold enhanced preference for TC and TB, respectively. JF - Lipids AU - Joerger, R D AU - Haas, M J AD - ERRC, ARS, USDA, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 377 EP - 384 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0024-4201, 0024-4201 KW - Caprylates KW - 0 KW - Codon KW - Olive Oil KW - Plant Oils KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Triglycerides KW - Triolein KW - 122-32-7 KW - tricaprylin KW - 538-23-8 KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - tributyrin KW - S05LZ624MF KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Caprylates -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Plasmids KW - Hydrolysis KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Binding Sites KW - Triolein -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Plant Oils -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Triglycerides -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Lipase -- chemistry KW - Rhizopus -- enzymology KW - Lipase -- genetics KW - Lipase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76718217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.atitle=Alteration+of+chain+length+selectivity+of+a+Rhizopus+delemar+lipase+through+site-directed+mutagenesis.&rft.au=Joerger%2C+R+D%3BHaas%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Joerger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lipids&rft.issn=00244201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Headcut advance threshold in earth spillways AN - 50241634; 1994-038422 JF - Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Moore, John S AU - Temple, Darrell M AU - Kirsten, H A D Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 277 EP - 280 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, Dallas, TX VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0004-5691, 0004-5691 KW - models KW - hydraulics KW - earth dams KW - dams KW - gravity dams KW - spillways KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50241634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Headcut+advance+threshold+in+earth+spillways&rft.au=Moore%2C+John+S%3BTemple%2C+Darrell+M%3BKirsten%2C+H+A+D&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=00045691&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ENGEA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dams; earth dams; gravity dams; hydraulics; models; spillways ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential for leaching of agrichemicals used in crop production; a national perspective AN - 50240331; 1994-037302 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Kellogg, Robert L AU - Maizel, Margaret S AU - Goss, Don W Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 294 EP - 298 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - water quality KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - nitrogen KW - ground water KW - agrochemicals KW - pesticides KW - nitrate ion KW - leaching KW - chemical composition KW - water pollution KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50240331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+potential+for+leaching+of+agrichemicals+used+in+crop+production%3B+a+national+perspective&rft.au=Kellogg%2C+Robert+L%3BMaizel%2C+Margaret+S%3BGoss%2C+Don+W&rft.aulast=Kellogg&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; chemical composition; geochemistry; ground water; hydrochemistry; leaching; nitrate ion; nitrogen; pesticides; pollution; soils; United States; water pollution; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of coarse sediment and its effects on riparian habitat in the central Klamath Mountains AN - 50177655; 1995-017693 JF - Report - California Water Resources Center AU - Baldwin, Kenneth S AU - Olson, Alan D A2 - Woled, Jeff Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 75 PB - University of California, California Water Resources Center, Davis, CA VL - 81 SN - 0575-4968, 0575-4968 KW - United States KW - California KW - landslides KW - geologic hazards KW - coarse-grained materials KW - mass movements KW - sediments KW - Klamath Mountains KW - management KW - preventive measures KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50177655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.atitle=Management+of+coarse+sediment+and+its+effects+on+riparian+habitat+in+the+central+Klamath+Mountains&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+Kenneth+S%3BOlson%2C+Alan+D&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.issn=05754968&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fourth biennial watershed management conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RUCCD8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; coarse-grained materials; geologic hazards; Klamath Mountains; landslides; management; mass movements; preventive measures; sediments; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pore-scale network modeling of compaction and filtration during surface sealing AN - 50129746; 1995-052179 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Ewing, Robert P AU - Gupta, S C Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 712 EP - 720 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - networks KW - hydrology KW - sealing KW - erosion KW - porous materials KW - simulation KW - geometry KW - models KW - compaction KW - infiltration KW - filtration KW - runoff KW - water regimes KW - topology KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - soil erosion KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50129746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Pore-scale+network+modeling+of+compaction+and+filtration+during+surface+sealing&rft.au=Ewing%2C+Robert+P%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Ewing&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=712&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn., Univ. of Minnesota, Sci. J. Series, Paper No. 20348 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - compaction; erosion; filtration; geometry; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; infiltration; models; networks; porous materials; runoff; sealing; simulation; soil erosion; soils; topology; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Representing aggregate size distributions as modified lognormal distributions AN - 50128228; 1995-044106 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Wagner, L E AU - Ding, D Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 815 EP - 821 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - granulometry KW - size distribution KW - saltation KW - physical properties KW - erosion KW - statistical analysis KW - wind erosion KW - mathematical models KW - equations KW - soil erosion KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50128228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Representing+aggregate+size+distributions+as+modified+lognormal+distributions&rft.au=Wagner%2C+L+E%3BDing%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - equations; erosion; granulometry; mathematical models; physical properties; saltation; size distribution; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bulk density and fragipan identification in loess soils of the Lower Mississippi river valley AN - 50125656; 1995-052186 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Lindbo, D L AU - Rhoton, F E AU - Bigham, J M AU - Hudnall, W H AU - Jones, F S AU - Smeck, N E AU - Tyler, D D Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 884 EP - 891 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - West Feliciana Parish Louisiana KW - pedogenesis KW - fragipans KW - soil profiles KW - bulk density KW - Mississippi Valley KW - clastic sediments KW - physicochemical properties KW - Mississippi KW - Yazoo County Mississippi KW - classification KW - Tennessee KW - sediments KW - Lower Mississippi Valley KW - loess KW - Louisiana KW - Tate County Mississippi KW - Obion County Tennessee KW - Fayette County Tennessee KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50125656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Bulk+density+and+fragipan+identification+in+loess+soils+of+the+Lower+Mississippi+river+valley&rft.au=Lindbo%2C+D+L%3BRhoton%2C+F+E%3BBigham%2C+J+M%3BHudnall%2C+W+H%3BJones%2C+F+S%3BSmeck%2C+N+E%3BTyler%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Lindbo&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=884&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Manuscript Contrib. No. 93-09-7259 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bulk density; classification; clastic sediments; Fayette County Tennessee; fragipans; loess; Louisiana; Lower Mississippi Valley; Mississippi; Mississippi Valley; Obion County Tennessee; pedogenesis; physicochemical properties; sediments; soil profiles; soils; Tate County Mississippi; Tennessee; United States; West Feliciana Parish Louisiana; Yazoo County Mississippi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of saturated hydraulic conductivity measurement methods for a glacial-till soil AN - 50124558; 1995-052175 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Kanwar, R S AU - Everts, C J Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 672 EP - 677 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - methods KW - permeameters KW - disk permeameter KW - in situ KW - constant-head permeameter KW - clastic sediments KW - velocity permeameter KW - double-tube method KW - till KW - porosity KW - Guelph permeameter KW - ground water KW - Hapludolls KW - saturated zone KW - transport KW - movement KW - sediments KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Mollisols KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50124558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+saturated+hydraulic+conductivity+measurement+methods+for+a+glacial-till+soil&rft.au=Mohanty%2C+B+P%3BKanwar%2C+R+S%3BEverts%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=672&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Exp. Stn. J., Paper No. J-15146 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; constant-head permeameter; disk permeameter; double-tube method; ground water; Guelph permeameter; Hapludolls; hydraulic conductivity; in situ; methods; Mollisols; movement; permeameters; porosity; saturated zone; sediments; soils; till; transport; velocity permeameter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating Forecasting Models of Farmland Prices AN - 1761699754; 199504187 AB - Assesses the gains & losses that can be incurred with different levels of economic modeling by evaluating the forecasting performance of 5 farmland value models: 2 variations of the present-value model, an ARIMA, a vector autoregression (VAR), & an error-correcting model (ECM). One- & 3-period-ahead out-of-sample forecasts are assessed in terms of forecast accuracy (root mean-squared error) & ability to predict turning points. Results indicate that ECM generates superior forecasts at both forecasting horizons, while VAR performs poorly by root mean-squared error criterion & ARIMA performs poorly in predicting turning points in the 3-period-ahead forecast. 6 Tables, 1 Appendix, 34 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - International Journal of Forecasting AU - Tegene, Abebayehu AU - Kuchler, Fred AD - Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, 1301 New York Ave NW Washington DC 20005-4788 Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 65 EP - 80 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0169-2070, 0169-2070 KW - farmland price forecasting models, comparative evaluation KW - Land Use KW - Farms KW - Prices KW - Forecasting KW - Models KW - article KW - 7210: social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761699754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Forecasting&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Forecasting+Models+of+Farmland+Prices&rft.au=Tegene%2C+Abebayehu%3BKuchler%2C+Fred&rft.aulast=Tegene&rft.aufirst=Abebayehu&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Forecasting&rft.issn=01692070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forecasting; Farms; Prices; Models; Land Use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Citrus variegated chlorosis bacterium: Axenic culture, pathogenicity, and serological relationships with other strains of Xylella fastidiosa AN - 15991938; 4072778 AB - A xylem-limited bacterium serologically related to strains of Xylella fastidiosa has been associated previously with citrus variegated chlorosis, a new and potentially serious disease of citrus in Brazil. When isolated and grown on PW (periwinkle wilt) medium, this gram-negative bacterium measured 0.4 X 4 mu m and was indistinguishable based on colony appearance from reference strains of X. fastidiosa obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD. The bacterium also had a rippled cell wall typical of X. fastidiosa and induced symptoms typical of citrus variegated chlorosis in sweet orange after artificial inoculation. The bacterium was reisolated from petioles of symptomatic artificially inoculated plants, and its identity was confirmed by membrane entrapment immunofluorescence and Western blotting with antiserum UF-26 prepared against the original strain and extracts of petioles and midribs from inoculated plants. The organism was observed in large numbers in xylem vessels of diseased, but not healthy, plant petioles and in extracts of diseased, but not healthy, petioles, using a gold label with antiserum UF-26. The bacterium reisolated from symptomatic plant tissue was culturally, morphologically, and serologically indistinguishable from the strain used to inoculate the plants, completing Koch's postulates. Antiserum UF-26 reacted most strongly with strains of X. fastidiosa that cause diseases of grapevines, almond, ragweed, and oak. The citrus strain of X. fastidiosa also reacted as strongly as the homologous strain from plum to antiserum 1609-PP. This strain of X. fastidiosa may represent a new serological group intermediate between previously described serogroups of X. fastidiosa (DBO). JF - Phytopathology AU - Hartung, J S AU - Beretta, J AU - Brlansky, R H AU - Spisso, J AU - Lee, R F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Room 111 Building 004, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 591 EP - 597 VL - 84 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Orange KW - citrus variegated chlorosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Citrus sinensis KW - Xylella Fastidiosa KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15991938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Citrus+variegated+chlorosis+bacterium%3A+Axenic+culture%2C+pathogenicity%2C+and+serological+relationships+with+other+strains+of+Xylella+fastidiosa&rft.au=Hartung%2C+J+S%3BBeretta%2C+J%3BBrlansky%2C+R+H%3BSpisso%2C+J%3BLee%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Hartung&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus sinensis; Xylella Fastidiosa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) group-specific oligonucleotide primers for nested-PCR assays to detect mixed-MLO infections in a single host plant AN - 15988605; 4072777 AB - Oligonucleotide primer pairs R16(I)F1/R1, R16(III)F2/R1, and R16(V)F1 /R1 for polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were designed on the basis of mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) 16S rRNA sequences. The primer pair R16(I)F1/R1 specifically initiated amplification of 16S rDNA sequences among MLO strains in the MLO 16S rRNA group I, which includes aster yellows MLO and related strains; R16(III)F2/R1 specifically initiated amplification in the MLO 16S rRNA group III, which includes peach X-disease MLO and related strains; and R16(V)F1/R1 specifically initiated amplification in the MLO 16S rRNA group V, which includes elm yellows MLO and related strains. None of the primer pairs initiated amplification of 16S rDNA sequences from MLO strains in other groups or from other prokaryotes, including animal Mollicutes and plant pathogenic bacteria. An MLO group-specific primer pair allows sensitive detection and simultaneous classification of specific MLO strains from plant and insect sources. Nested-PCR assays using the universal primer pair R16F2/R2 and a group-specific primer pair further increased sensitivity in MLO detection. These specially designed assay procedures allowed for the first time detection of a secondary, cryptic MLO(s) associated with a single host plant (DBO). JF - Phytopathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Gundersen, DE AU - Hammond, R W AU - Davis, R E AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 559 EP - 566 VL - 84 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - mycoplasmalike organism KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - phytoplasma KW - plant diseases KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15988605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Use+of+mycoplasmalike+organism+%28MLO%29+group-specific+oligonucleotide+primers+for+nested-PCR+assays+to+detect+mixed-MLO+infections+in+a+single+host+plant&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BGundersen%2C+DE%3BHammond%2C+R+W%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phytoplasma; plant diseases; mycoplasma-like organisms; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Zinc-induced metallothionein and copper metabolism in intestinal mucosa, liver, and kidney of rats AN - 15859860; 4020454 AB - Large doses of parenteral zinc (Zn) and/or the feeding of high Zn diets to animals or humans for long periods affects copper (Cu) metabolism. Previous work suggests that Zn-induced metallothionein (MT) in intestinal epithelial cells binds Cu and inhibits its absorption. This study was designed to determine the effects of treating rats with high dietary or high parenteral Zn on Cu metabolism and its relationship to MT in the intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney. Six-week-old male rats were fed for one week a control diet containing 42 mg Zn and 6 mg Cu/kg. They were then divided into three groups. One group continued to receive the control diet while another received a similar diet containing 560 mg Zn/kg. A third group, fed the control diet, received a subcutaneous dose of 90 mg Zn/kg body weight every 2-3 days for the duration of the experiment. Rats from each group were killed on days 7 and 14. Low Cu status in Zn-treated rats was indicated by lower than normal serum Cu concentration, serum ceruloplasmin activity, low liver and kidney Cu concentrations and low cytochrome C oxidase activity. None of these changes, however, were related to an increase in Cu as a result of Zn-induced MT in the intestinal epithelial cell. Instead, as the MT concentrations rose, Cu concentration decreased. This study suggests that the effects of high Zn treatment on Cu status are not the result of the long-held theory that Zn-induced intestinal MT sequesters Cu and prevents its passage to the circulation. Instead, it may be caused by a direct effect of high lumenal Zn concentrations on Cu transport into the epithelial cell. (DBO) JF - Nutrition Research AU - Reeves, P G AU - Rossow, K L AU - Bobilya, D J AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Grand Forks Human Nutr. Res. Cent., Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 897 EP - 908 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0271-5317, 0271-5317 KW - metallothionein KW - copper KW - 3inc KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - liver KW - intestine KW - kidney KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15859860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Research&rft.atitle=Zinc-induced+metallothionein+and+copper+metabolism+in+intestinal+mucosa%2C+liver%2C+and+kidney+of+rats&rft.au=Reeves%2C+P+G%3BRossow%2C+K+L%3BBobilya%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+Research&rft.issn=02715317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - intestine; liver; kidney ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gliotoxin inhibits transformation and its cytotoxic to turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes. AN - 76670881; 7520534 AB - Gliotoxin, an epipolythiodioxopiperizine mycotoxin, has been shown to be produced by, among other fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius. This organism is the major causative agent of the respiratory disease aspergillosis in avian species, especially turkeys. Because gliotoxin has been shown to be immunosuppressive and has the potential for being involved in the pathogenesis of aspergillosis, the in vitro activity of this compound with avian lymphocytes was investigated. Immunosuppression was investigated using peripheral blood lymphocytes from turkeys in a lymphoblastogenesis assay and a cytotoxicity assay using conversion of the tetrazolium salt MTT to MTT formazan by the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme elaborated only by living cells. Gliotoxin appeared to have a threshold level in both tests because little or no response or stimulation was evident when cells were exposed to concentrations of the toxin below 100 ng/ml, but at 100 ng/ml, all cells appeared to be dead. Using T-2 mycotoxin as a known cytotoxic agent, the response in the MTT bioassay using turkey peripheral lymphocytes was linear with increasing concentrations of toxin. Gliotoxin may potentially cause immunosuppression in turkey poults through action on the lymphocytes or if this toxin were present in low concentrations stimulation could possibly occur. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Richard, J L AU - Peden, W M AU - Williams, P P AD - Mycotoxin Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, MWA, Peoria, Illinois. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 109 EP - 114 VL - 126 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Gliotoxin KW - 67-99-2 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Turkeys KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cells, Cultured KW - T-2 Toxin -- toxicity KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Gliotoxin -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76670881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Gliotoxin+inhibits+transformation+and+its+cytotoxic+to+turkey+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Richard%2C+J+L%3BPeden%2C+W+M%3BWilliams%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of aflatoxin in growing lambs fed ruminally degradable or escape protein sources. AN - 76642921; 8056674 AB - Thirty-two crossbred (Suffolk x Rambouillet) wether lambs were used to examine the effectiveness of protein source (soybean meal [SBM] or fish meal [FM]) in alleviating decreased performance associated with dietary aflatoxin (AF) in growing lambs. After a 21-d adaptation period to concentrate diets, lambs were assigned to the following dietary treatments: 1) SBM, 0 mg of AF; 2) FM, 0 mg of AF; 3) SBM + 2.5 mg of AF/kg diet; or 4) FM+2.5 mg of AF/kg diet (two lambs/pen; four pens/treatment). Diets were fed 35 d, at which time AF was removed from the diet (except one pen/protein source) and lambs continued on study for an additional 32 d. On d 67, all lambs were killed and necropsied. Average daily gain, feed intake, and gain/feed were similar (P > .10) among lambs fed SBM or FM; however, lambs fed AF had lower (P .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Edrington, T S AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AD - Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, USDA, College Station, TX 77845. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 1274 EP - 1281 VL - 72 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Dietary Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Sheep KW - Chronic Disease KW - Weight Gain KW - Male KW - Fish Products KW - Soybeans KW - Sheep Diseases -- blood KW - Mycotoxicosis -- physiopathology KW - Sheep Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Mycotoxicosis -- veterinary KW - Mycotoxicosis -- diet therapy KW - Mycotoxicosis -- blood KW - Dietary Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Aflatoxins -- adverse effects KW - Sheep Diseases -- diet therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76642921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+aflatoxin+in+growing+lambs+fed+ruminally+degradable+or+escape+protein+sources.&rft.au=Edrington%2C+T+S%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Edrington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin production and other traits of Fusarium moniliforme strains from maize in northeast Mexico. AN - 76559005; 8017951 AB - Strains of Fusarium moniliforme from maize seed collected in four fields in northeast Mexico were tested for fumonisin production in culture, for sexual compatibility, and for vegetative compatibility by using non-nitrate-utilizing mutants. The test results indicate that a diverse population of fumonisin-producing strains of F. moniliforme (Gibberella fujikuroi) mating population A predominates and that a potential exists for production of fumonisins in Mexican maize. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Nelson, P E AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 1695 EP - 1697 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mexico KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- physiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Food Microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76559005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+production+and+other+traits+of+Fusarium+moniliforme+strains+from+maize+in+northeast+Mexico.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BNelson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Aug;57(8):2410-2 [1768112] Mycopathologia. 1992 Feb;117(1-2):37-45 [1513373] Mycopathologia. 1992 Feb;117(1-2):79-82 [1513376] Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1988 Dec;55(4):197-203 [3217091] Rev Latinoam Microbiol. 1977 Jan-Mar;19(1):27-31 [279057] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Jul;54(7):1806-11 [2901247] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Sep;58(9):2799-805 [1444389] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin B2 in cultured Fusarium proliferatum, M-6104, causes equine leukoencephalomalacia. AN - 76670815; 8068763 JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Ross, P F AU - Nelson, P E AU - Owens, D L AU - Rice, L G AU - Nelson, H A AU - Wilson, T M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA 50010. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 263 EP - 265 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Horses KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Horse Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- isolation & purification KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Horse Diseases -- pathology KW - Mycotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Encephalomalacia -- veterinary KW - Encephalomalacia -- pathology KW - Encephalomalacia -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76670815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Population+structure+and+genetic+analysis+of+field+resistance+to+thiabendazole+in+Gibberella+pulicaris+from+potato+tubers.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BChrist-Harned%2C+E+A%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BSecor%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of vitamin E on aflatoxicosis in growing swine. AN - 76572989; 8017706 AB - Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and supplemental vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Nine barrows (3 replicates of 3 each, mean body weight, 14.0 kg) per group were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (for a total of 36 barrows): 0 IU of supplemental vitamin E and 0 mg of AF/kg of feed (control); 2,400 IU of vitamin E divided into equal doses and administered IM on days 1 and 16; 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed plus 2,400 IU of vitamin E administered similarly to treatment 2. Barrows were administered their respective treatment for 32 days. Evaluations were made for group production performance and for serum biochemical, immunologic, hematologic, pathologic, serum and tissue tocopherol, and serum retinol variables. Body weight was reduced by AF-alone and AF plus vitamin E treatments, compared with control and vitamin E-alone treatments. Liver weight was increased for the AF alone-treated and the AF plus vitamin E-treated barrows, compared with control barrows. The AF alone-treated barrows had alterations in:serum values of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, albumin, glucose, phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol, total iron, unsaturated iron-binding capacity, total iron-binding capacity, and urea nitrogen; RBC numbers, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and prothrombin time; and mitogen-induced lymphoblastogenic responses. With the exception of some slight ameliorating effects on hematologic measurements, supplemental treatment with vitamin E did not prove beneficial against the toxicosis-associated AF treatment. The AF alone-treated barrows had decreased serum tocopherol and retinol concentrations, compared with control and pretest values, and decreased tocopherol concentration in cardiac tissue. High parenterally administered doses of vitamin E did not have sparing effect on AF-induced reductions of serum tocopherol or retinol concentration; however, compared with pretest values, serum tocopherol concentration was increased by vitamin E-alone treatment. Tocopherol concentration in cardiac tissue of the AF plus vitamin E-treated barrows was increased over that of the AF alone-treated barrows, indicating an ameliorating effect on AF-induced tissue concentrations reductions. These data indicate that vitamin E may not have a sparing effect on AF-induced toxicosis and that AF may reduce serum retinol and serum and tissue tocopherol concentrations. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AU - Elissalde, M H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 572 EP - 577 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Vitamin A -- blood KW - Animal Feed KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Swine Diseases -- etiology KW - Mycotoxicosis -- pathology KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Vitamin E -- therapeutic use KW - Mycotoxicosis -- veterinary KW - Swine Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Vitamin E -- blood KW - Mycotoxicosis -- blood KW - Aflatoxins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76572989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+vitamin+E+on+aflatoxicosis+in+growing+swine.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BElissalde%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=572&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pine needle abortion in cattle: effects of diet variables on consumption of pine needles and parturition response. AN - 76563737; 8014143 AB - Cows that consume needles from Pinus ponderosa (PN) abort, but little is known about variables that affect consumption or response. These experiments were conducted to test the effects of several variables on pine needle-induced abortion. Cows were placed on experiment at 250 d of pregnancy and were either given ad libitum (AL) access to PN separate from other feed sources or the PN were ground and fed (2 kg.cow-1.d-1) mixed with the diet. In Exp. 1, cows were assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial experiment with adequate (AP) vs high-protein (HP) diets and no straw vs AL straw (S). All cows ate PN and aborted, and there were no effects (P > .5) on interval to parturition (IP). Consumption of PN (kg/d) was increased by HP (P .5). In Exp. 3, cows were assigned to five treatments to test the effects of aging needles after they were ground, feeding bentonite, and feeding a complete mineral supplement. Pine needles decreased IP (P < .01), and the effects of PN were greater when PN were aged or bentonite or minerals were added (all P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Short, R E AU - Bellows, R A AU - Staigmiller, R B AU - Ford, S P AD - Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 805 EP - 810 VL - 72 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Dietary Proteins KW - 0 KW - Minerals KW - Sodium, Dietary KW - Bentonite KW - 1302-78-9 KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Minerals -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Bentonite -- therapeutic use KW - Magnesium -- therapeutic use KW - Pregnancy KW - Silage KW - Magnesium -- administration & dosage KW - Animal Feed KW - Cattle KW - Dietary Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Zea mays KW - Food, Fortified KW - Bentonite -- administration & dosage KW - Minerals -- therapeutic use KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- etiology KW - Trees KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- prevention & control KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Diet KW - Plant Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76563737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Pine+needle+abortion+in+cattle%3A+effects+of+diet+variables+on+consumption+of+pine+needles+and+parturition+response.&rft.au=Short%2C+R+E%3BBellows%2C+R+A%3BStaigmiller%2C+R+B%3BFord%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Short&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of an acetic acid dip on carcass appearance, microbiological quality, and cooked breast meat texture and flavor. AN - 76532401; 8202437 AB - In Experiment 1, broiler carcasses were subjected to a 10-min prechill treatment with and without a food grade vinegar at a concentration of .6% acetic acid. After treatment the carcasses were monitored for visual appearance and microbiological quality. Color change and skin appearance were subjectively monitored. Microbiological quality was determined using the low volume whole carcass rinse. Shear values of cooked muscle were determined using a Warner-Bratzler attachment to an Instron. In a second experiment using the same treatment protocol, treated carcasses were chilled in an ice slush for 30 min and held overnight at 2 C. The breast muscles were removed and cooked by two methods. Triangle tests to determine sensory differences due to acetic acid were conducted. The skin color of treated carcasses turned a light yellow, and the feather follicles were protruded or puckered. Total aerobic counts were not affected by any of the treatments, but Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) counts of treated carcasses were significantly lower than the counts for the water control carcasses. Log10 ENT counts ranged from 4.51 for the control to 3.80 for the carcasses treated with acetic acid. Based on sensory triangle tests using a trained panel, there were no significant differences in the samples from either cooking method. JF - Poultry science AU - Dickens, J A AU - Lyon, B G AU - Whittemore, A D AU - Lyon, C E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 576 EP - 581 VL - 73 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Color KW - Food Handling KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Acetates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76532401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+an+acetic+acid+dip+on+carcass+appearance%2C+microbiological+quality%2C+and+cooked+breast+meat+texture+and+flavor.&rft.au=Dickens%2C+J+A%3BLyon%2C+B+G%3BWhittemore%2C+A+D%3BLyon%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=576&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of acetic acid and air injection on appearance, moisture pick-up, microbiological quality, and Salmonella incidence on processed poultry carcasses. AN - 76525345; 8202438 AB - Broiler carcasses were subjected to a 10-min prechill treatment with and without air injection and glacial acetic acid at concentrations of .3 and .6%. Some of the carcasses were inoculated with approximately 800 cells of a nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium 1 min prior to treatment. After treatment, the carcasses were monitored for their visual appearance, moisture pick-up, and microbiological quality. Appearance was subjectively monitored for color change and resulting skin texture. Microbiological quality was determined using the low volume whole carcass rinse, and moisture pick-up was determined by weight differences. The skin color of treated carcasses was light yellow and the feather follicles were protruded or puckered. Moisture pick-up was significantly reduced by the acid treatments. Total aerobes were not affected by any of the treatments, but Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) counts of treated carcasses were significantly lower than the counts for the water control carcasses. Log10 ENT counts ranged from 5.52 for the control to 4.48 for the air injection, and to a low of 2.93 for the air injection with .6% acetic acid. Salmonella incidence of inoculated carcasses was significantly reduced by the treatments. Using .6% acetic acid with air injection resulted in the greatest reduction in Salmonella incidence (8% positive). JF - Poultry science AU - Dickens, J A AU - Whittemore, A D AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 582 EP - 586 VL - 73 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Abattoirs KW - Meat-Packing Industry KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- isolation & purification KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Food Handling KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Air KW - Acetates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76525345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+acetic+acid+and+air+injection+on+appearance%2C+moisture+pick-up%2C+microbiological+quality%2C+and+Salmonella+incidence+on+processed+poultry+carcasses.&rft.au=Dickens%2C+J+A%3BWhittemore%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary fumonisin B1 induces disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats: a new mechanism of nephrotoxicity. AN - 76426792; 8145083 AB - Fumonisins are potent inhibitors of sphingolipid biosynthesis produced by several Fusarium species. Consumption of corn or corn products infected with F. moniliforme, or high levels of fumonisins, is associated with several animal diseases. In a 4-wk feeding study, the concentration of fumonisin B1 that caused nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats was much less than that required to cause hepatotoxicity. This retrospective study shows a close correlation between the extent and severity of ultrastructural lesions and the degree of disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. The kidney was more sensitive to fumonisin B1-induced disruption of sphingolipid metabolism than liver with significant elevation of free sphingosine, free sphinganine, and the free sphinganine:free sphingosine ratio in rats fed 15, 50 and 150 micrograms/g fumonisin B1. Accumulation of free sphinganine and elevation of the free sphinganine:free sphingosine ratio in urine closely reflected the changes that occurred in kidney. The accumulated sphinganine and elevation of the free sphinganine:free sphingosine ratio was associated with accumulation of cells in urine. Thus, urine rather than serum is the fluid of choice for detecting elevated free sphingoid bases generated as a consequence of fumonisin-induced kidney damage. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Riley, R T AU - Hinton, D M AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Bacon, C W AU - Wang, E AU - Merrill, A H AU - Voss, K A AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30613. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 594 EP - 603 VL - 124 IS - 4 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Liver -- ultrastructure KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Kidney -- ultrastructure KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Female KW - Male KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Diet KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76426792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+the+bird+repellent%2C+methyl+anthranilate%2C+to+fry+of+Salmo+salar%2C+Oncorhynchus+mykiss%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus+and+Lepomis+macrochirus&rft.au=Clark%2C+L%3BCummings%2C+J%3BBird%2C+S%3BAronov%2C+E&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real Exchange Rate Misalignment and Agricultural Export Performance in Developing Countries AN - 61580994; 199503338 AB - The effects of exchange rate fluctuations on international trade have received much attention following the demise of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates. However, the issue of incorrect real exchange rate alignment has been ignored. Overvaluation of the currency, particularly in developing countries, generally reduces profitability of tradables, including agricultural commodity exports, & therefore, is thought to adversely affect performance of the agricultural sector. Measures of exchange rate misalignment for 10 developing countries were calculated using a structural modeling approach, & then used in assessing the impact of misalignment on agricultural export supply for selected commodities in these countries. Export supply equations were estimated incorporating the misalignment measures as an explanatory variable. Results indicate that exchange rate misalignment had a negative impact on agricultural export performance. These results demonstrate the importance of exchange rate misalignment in economic grouth & export performance of developing countries. 2 Tables, 1 Appendix. AA JF - Economic Development and Cultural Change AU - Pick, Daniel H AU - Vollrath, Thomas L AD - Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, 1301 New York Ave NW Washington DC 20005-4788 Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 555 EP - 571 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0013-0079, 0013-0079 KW - agricultural export performance, developing countries KW - exchange rate misalignments KW - Agricultural Production KW - Exports and Imports KW - Developing Countries KW - Economic Models KW - International Trade KW - article KW - 8350: social development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61580994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Development+and+Cultural+Change&rft.atitle=Real+Exchange+Rate+Misalignment+and+Agricultural+Export+Performance+in+Developing+Countries&rft.au=Pick%2C+Daniel+H%3BVollrath%2C+Thomas+L&rft.aulast=Pick&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Economic+Development+and+Cultural+Change&rft.issn=00130079&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Developing Countries; Exports and Imports; Agricultural Production; Economic Models; International Trade ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How to build a coalition for AMD amelioration in a watershed, a case history; Mill Creek of Jefferson and Clarion counties, PA AN - 52444978; 1999-059340 JF - Special Publication - United States. Bureau of Mines AU - Morrow, T AU - Dalby, P AU - Spozio, B AU - Swope, G Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 358 EP - 363 PB - U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC SN - 0731-762X, 0731-762X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - acid mine drainage KW - reclamation KW - surface water KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - remediation KW - Jefferson County Pennsylvania KW - Pennsylvania KW - Clarion County Pennsylvania KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52444978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.atitle=How+to+build+a+coalition+for+AMD+amelioration+in+a+watershed%2C+a+case+history%3B+Mill+Creek+of+Jefferson+and+Clarion+counties%2C+PA&rft.au=Morrow%2C+T%3BDalby%2C+P%3BSpozio%2C+B%3BSwope%2C+G&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=358&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.issn=0731762X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International Land reclamation and mine drainage conference and 3rd international conference on the Abatement of acidic drainage N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number PB96-113519NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; Clarion County Pennsylvania; hydrology; Jefferson County Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania; pollution; reclamation; remediation; surface water; United States; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stabilization of coal mining GOB piles with American beachgrass AN - 52440977; 1999-059291 JF - Special Publication - United States. Bureau of Mines AU - Depue, Samuel AU - Glennon, Robert Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 345 PB - U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC SN - 0731-762X, 0731-762X KW - United States KW - mines KW - spoils KW - bioreclamation KW - reclamation KW - grasslands KW - coal mines KW - vegetation KW - West Virginia KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52440977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.atitle=Stabilization+of+coal+mining+GOB+piles+with+American+beachgrass&rft.au=Depue%2C+Samuel%3BGlennon%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Depue&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.issn=0731762X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International Land reclamation and mine drainage conference and 3rd international conference on the Abatement of acidic drainage N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number PB96-113501NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioreclamation; coal mines; grasslands; mines; reclamation; spoils; United States; vegetation; West Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface reclamation in the Big Lake Field, Reagan County, Texas AN - 50967940; 1994-038553 JF - Bulletin - New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources AU - Weathers, Michael L AU - Moore, Kenneth R AU - Ford, Donald L AU - Curlee, Charles K A2 - Ahlen, Jack A2 - Peterson, John A2 - Bowsher, Arthur L. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 19 EP - 22 PB - New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM SN - 0096-4581, 0096-4581 KW - United States KW - waste water KW - reclamation KW - Big Lake Field KW - petroleum KW - salt water KW - production KW - oil and gas fields KW - ground water KW - evaporation ponds KW - sedimentary rocks KW - perched aquifers KW - discharge KW - soils KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - soil profiles KW - Reagan County Texas KW - Texas KW - evaporites KW - aquifers KW - water table KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - salt KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50967940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+-+New+Mexico+Bureau+of+Geology+%26+Mineral+Resources&rft.atitle=Surface+reclamation+in+the+Big+Lake+Field%2C+Reagan+County%2C+Texas&rft.au=Weathers%2C+Michael+L%3BMoore%2C+Kenneth+R%3BFord%2C+Donald+L%3BCurlee%2C+Charles+K&rft.aulast=Weathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+-+New+Mexico+Bureau+of+Geology+%26+Mineral+Resources&rft.issn=00964581&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - NM N1 - Document feature - sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NEXBAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Big Lake Field; chemically precipitated rocks; discharge; evaporation ponds; evaporites; ground water; leaching; oil and gas fields; perched aquifers; petroleum; production; Reagan County Texas; reclamation; salt; salt water; sedimentary rocks; soil profiles; soils; Texas; United States; waste disposal; waste water; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater quality, hydrogeology, and agricultural drainage wells; Floyd and Mitchell Counties, Iowa AN - 50961002; 1995-061532 JF - Technical Information Series - Iowa Geological Survey AU - Libra, R D AU - Quade, D J AU - Hallberg, G R AU - Littke, J P Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 64 PB - Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Geological Survey Bureau, Des Moines, IA SN - 0270-9066, 0270-9066 KW - wells KW - United States KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - drainage KW - pollution KW - Iowa KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - agrochemicals KW - Floyd County Iowa KW - pesticides KW - nitrate ion KW - water wells KW - Mitchell County Iowa KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50961002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Libra%2C+R+D%3BQuade%2C+D+J%3BHallberg%2C+G+R%3BLittke%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Libra&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Groundwater+quality%2C+hydrogeology%2C+and+agricultural+drainage+wells%3B+Floyd+and+Mitchell+Counties%2C+Iowa&rft.title=Groundwater+quality%2C+hydrogeology%2C+and+agricultural+drainage+wells%3B+Floyd+and+Mitchell+Counties%2C+Iowa&rft.issn=02709066&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., 16 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; aquifers; drainage; Floyd County Iowa; ground water; Iowa; Mitchell County Iowa; monitoring; nitrate ion; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; United States; water quality; water wells; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computing the wind erodible fraction of soils AN - 50248862; 1994-033643 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Fryrear, D W AU - Krammes, C A AU - Williamson, D L AU - Zobeck, T M Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 183 EP - 188 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - soils KW - granulometry KW - North America KW - micromorphology KW - erosion KW - wind erosion KW - case studies KW - physical properties KW - Great Plains KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - chemical composition KW - Southern Great Plains KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50248862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Computing+the+wind+erodible+fraction+of+soils&rft.au=Fryrear%2C+D+W%3BKrammes%2C+C+A%3BWilliamson%2C+D+L%3BZobeck%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Fryrear&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; chemical composition; erodibility; erosion; granulometry; Great Plains; micromorphology; North America; physical properties; soil erosion; soils; Southern Great Plains; tillage; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil drainage class probability mapping using a soil-landscape model AN - 50236958; 1994-035273 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Bell, James C AU - Cunningham, Robert L AU - Havens, Matthew W Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 464 EP - 470 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - drainage KW - statistical analysis KW - mathematical models KW - mapping KW - Mifflin County Pennsylvania KW - Juniata County Pennsylvania KW - probability KW - Pennsylvania KW - landscapes KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50236958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+drainage+class+probability+mapping+using+a+soil-landscape+model&rft.au=Bell%2C+James+C%3BCunningham%2C+Robert+L%3BHavens%2C+Matthew+W&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drainage; Juniata County Pennsylvania; land use; landscapes; mapping; mathematical models; Mifflin County Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania; probability; soils; statistical analysis; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of atrazine and degradates as contaminants of subsurface drainage and shallow groundwater AN - 50191325; 1995-009496 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Jayachandran, K AU - Steinheimer, T R AU - Somasundaram, L AU - Moorman, T B AU - Kanwar, R S AU - Coats, J R Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 311 EP - 319 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - concentration KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - Iowa KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - transport KW - atrazine KW - shallow aquifers KW - seasonal variations KW - pesticides KW - chemical composition KW - lysimeters KW - Ames Iowa KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50191325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+atrazine+and+degradates+as+contaminants+of+subsurface+drainage+and+shallow+groundwater&rft.au=Jayachandran%2C+K%3BSteinheimer%2C+T+R%3BSomasundaram%2C+L%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BKanwar%2C+R+S%3BCoats%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Jayachandran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ames Iowa; aquifers; atrazine; chemical composition; concentration; degradation; ground water; herbicides; Iowa; lysimeters; migration of elements; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; seasonal variations; shallow aquifers; transport; triazines; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sewage sludge application in semiarid grasslands; effects on vegetation and water quality AN - 50180257; 1995-018025 JF - WRRI Report AU - Aguilar, Richard AU - Loftin, Samuel R AU - Ward, Tim J AU - Stevens, Kenny A AU - Gosz, James R Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 75 PB - New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, Las Cruces, NM SN - 0731-7557, 0731-7557 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - terrestrial environment KW - erosion KW - waste water KW - Socorro County New Mexico KW - semi-arid environment KW - New Mexico KW - vegetation KW - carbon KW - organic carbon KW - heavy metals KW - Sepultura Canyon KW - organic materials KW - hydrology KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - nutrients KW - sewage sludge KW - organic compounds KW - Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge KW - runoff KW - grasslands KW - Los Pinos Mountains KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50180257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Aguilar%2C+Richard%3BLoftin%2C+Samuel+R%3BWard%2C+Tim+J%3BStevens%2C+Kenny+A%3BGosz%2C+James+R&rft.aulast=Aguilar&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Sewage+sludge+application+in+semiarid+grasslands%3B+effects+on+vegetation+and+water+quality&rft.title=Sewage+sludge+application+in+semiarid+grasslands%3B+effects+on+vegetation+and+water+quality&rft.issn=07317557&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 76 N1 - PubXState - NM N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes 3 appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NMWRAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon; erosion; grasslands; heavy metals; hydrology; Los Pinos Mountains; New Mexico; nutrients; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic materials; pollutants; pollution; runoff; semi-arid environment; Sepultura Canyon; Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge; sewage sludge; Socorro County New Mexico; terrestrial environment; United States; vegetation; waste water; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No-tillage effects on infiltration, runoff, and water conservation on dryland AN - 50126802; 1995-043838 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Jones, O R AU - Hauser, V L AU - Popham, T W Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 473 EP - 479 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water storage KW - North America KW - terrestrial environment KW - semi-arid environment KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - water management KW - soil treatment KW - Texas KW - terraces KW - models KW - physical properties KW - conservation KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - Great Plains KW - tillage KW - seasonal variations KW - Southern Great Plains KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50126802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=No-tillage+effects+on+infiltration%2C+runoff%2C+and+water+conservation+on+dryland&rft.au=Jones%2C+O+R%3BHauser%2C+V+L%3BPopham%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; conservation; Great Plains; hydrology; infiltration; models; North America; physical properties; runoff; seasonal variations; semi-arid environment; soil treatment; Southern Great Plains; terraces; terrestrial environment; Texas; tillage; United States; water management; water storage; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining the Green-Ampt effective hydraulic conductivity from rainfall-runoff data for the WEPP model AN - 50126728; 1995-043836 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Risse, L M AU - Nearing, M A AU - Savabi, M R Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 411 EP - 418 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - erosion KW - Green-Ampt model KW - prediction KW - water erosion KW - mathematical models KW - calibration KW - equations KW - models KW - Water Erosion Prediction Project KW - physical properties KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - algorithms KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50126728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Determining+the+Green-Ampt+effective+hydraulic+conductivity+from+rainfall-runoff+data+for+the+WEPP+model&rft.au=Risse%2C+L+M%3BNearing%2C+M+A%3BSavabi%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Risse&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; calibration; equations; erosion; Green-Ampt model; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; infiltration; mathematical models; models; physical properties; prediction; runoff; soils; water erosion; Water Erosion Prediction Project ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reaction and movement of nitrate in shallow ground water of riparian zones using cluster wells AN - 50098000; 1996-000973 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Starr, J L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 157 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 75 IS - 16, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - riparian zones KW - halogens KW - artificial recharge KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - bromine KW - two-dimensional models KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - denitrification KW - carbon KW - movement KW - glucose KW - tracers KW - shallow aquifers KW - nitrate ion KW - Delmarva Peninsula KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50098000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Reaction+and+movement+of+nitrate+in+shallow+ground+water+of+riparian+zones+using+cluster+wells&rft.au=Starr%2C+J+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=16%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1994 spring meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; aquifers; artificial recharge; bromine; carbon; Delmarva Peninsula; denitrification; glucose; ground water; halogens; monitoring; movement; nitrate ion; pollutants; pollution; riparian zones; shallow aquifers; tracers; two-dimensional models; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of drought on tree mortality and growth in a mixed hardwood forest AN - 1434034514; 18538288 AB - Abstract. The tree and shrub species on a 16-ha watershed in the Coweeta Basin were sampled in 1984 and again in 1991 to determine the effects of drought on tree species composition and basal area growth. Mortality and radial growth were determined for tree species within three community types that represent a moisture gradient from moist to dry: cove-hardwoods > mixed-oak > oak-pine. Tree mortality from 1984 to 1991 was 20% and 23% in the cove-hardwoods and mixed-oak communities, respectively, compared to only 12% in the oak-pine type. With the exception of Oxydendrum arboreum and Robinia pseudoacacia, the oaks had higher percentage mortality than any other genus; Quercus velutina had 29%, 37%, and 20% mortality in the cove-hardwoods, mixed-oak, and oak-pine types, respectively; Quercus prinus had 23% mortality in the mixed-oak type; Quercus coccinea had 36% mortality in the mixed-oak type; and Quercus marilandica had 27% mortality in the oak-pine type. Mortality occurred mostly in the small-size class individuals (< 10 cm in diameter) for all species, suggesting that thinning was still an important process contributing to mortality 29 yr after clearcutting. Although growth of Liriodendron tulipifera was much higher than growth of either Quercus prinus or Quercus coccinea, growth in Liriodendron was significantly reduced by the 1985-88 drought and no growth reduction was observed for these two dominant Quercus species during the same time period. JF - Journal of Vegetation Science AU - Elliott, K J AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC, 28763, USA; Tel. +1 704 524 2128; Fax +1 704 369 6767. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - Apr 1994 SP - 229 EP - 236 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1100-9233, 1100-9233 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Trees KW - Quercus coccinea KW - Quercus prinus KW - Basins KW - Forests KW - Watersheds KW - Hardwoods KW - Oxydendrum arboreum KW - Quercus KW - Robinia pseudoacacia KW - Species composition KW - Droughts KW - Shrubs KW - Mortality KW - Quercus marilandica KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - Vegetation KW - Quercus velutina KW - Thinning KW - Liriodendron KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1434034514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vegetation+Science&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+drought+on+tree+mortality+and+growth+in+a+mixed+hardwood+forest&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Vegetation+Science&rft.issn=11009233&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F3236155 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shrubs; Thinning; Mortality; Trees; Vegetation; Forests; Basins; Species composition; Watersheds; Hardwoods; Droughts; Quercus marilandica; Liriodendron tulipifera; Oxydendrum arboreum; Quercus coccinea; Robinia pseudoacacia; Quercus prinus; Quercus; Quercus velutina; Liriodendron DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3236155 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal region of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, a key protein in the biosynthesis of ethylene, results in catalytically hyperactive, monomeric enzyme. AN - 76378394; 8120053 AB - 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase is a key enzyme regulating biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene. The expression of an enzymatically active, wound-inducible tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv Pik-Red) ACC synthase (485 amino acids long) in a heterologous Escherichia coli system allowed us to study the importance of hypervariable COOH terminus in enzymatic activity and protein conformation. We constructed several deletion mutants of the gene, expressed these in E. coli, purified the protein products to apparent homogeneity, and analyzed both conformation and enzyme kinetic parameters of the wild-type and truncated ACC syntheses. Deletion of the COOH terminus through Arg429 results in complete inactivation of the enzyme. Deletion of 46-52 amino acids from the COOH terminus results in an enzyme that has nine times higher affinity for the substrate S-adenosylmethionine than the wild-type enzyme. The highly efficient, truncated ACC synthase was found to be a monomer of 52 +/- 1.8 kDa as determined by gel filtration, whereas the wild-type ACC synthase, analyzed under similar conditions, is a dimer. These results demonstrate that the non-conserved COOH terminus of ACC synthase affects its enzymatic function as well as dimerization. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Li, N AU - Mattoo, A K AD - Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (West), Maryland 20705-2350. Y1 - 1994/03/04/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 04 SP - 6908 EP - 6917 VL - 269 IS - 9 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Ethylenes KW - 0 KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - ethylene KW - 91GW059KN7 KW - Lyases KW - EC 4.- KW - 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase KW - EC 4.4.1.14 KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunoblotting KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange KW - Ethylenes -- metabolism KW - Molecular Weight KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Base Sequence KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Vegetables -- enzymology KW - Vegetables -- genetics KW - Lyases -- isolation & purification KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Lyases -- metabolism KW - Lyases -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76378394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Deletion+of+the+carboxyl-terminal+region+of+1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic+acid+synthase%2C+a+key+protein+in+the+biosynthesis+of+ethylene%2C+results+in+catalytically+hyperactive%2C+monomeric+enzyme.&rft.au=Li%2C+N%3BMattoo%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-03-04&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=6908&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - X62536; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Aspergillus parasiticus soil inoculum on invasion of peanut seeds. AN - 76635081; 8047109 AB - Environmental control plots adjusted to late season drought and elevated soil temperatures were inoculated at peanut planting with low and high levels of conidia, sclerotia, and mycelium from a brown conidial mutant of Aspergillus parasiticus. Percentage infection of peanut seeds from undamaged pods was greatest for the subplot containing the high sclerotial inoculum (15/cm2 soil surface). Sclerotia did not germinate sporogenically and may have invaded seeds through mycelium. In contrast, the mycelial inoculum (colonized peanut seed particles) released large numbers of conidia into soil. Soil conidial populations of brown A. parasiticus from treatments with conidia and mycelium were positively correlated with the incidence of seed infection in undamaged pods. The ratio of A. flavus to wild-type A. parasiticus in soil shifted from 7:3 to 1:1 in the uninoculated subplot after instigation of drought, whereas in all subplots treated with brown A. parasiticus, the ratio of the two species became approximately 8:2. Despite high levels of brown A. parasiticus populations in soil, native A. flavus often dominated peanut seeds, suggesting that it is a more aggressive species. Sclerotia of wild-type A. parasiticus formed infrequently on preharvest peanut seeds from insect-damaged pods. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Horn, B W AU - Dorner, J W AU - Greene, R L AU - Blankenship, P D AU - Cole, R J AD - National Peanut Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Dawson, Georgia. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 179 EP - 191 VL - 125 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Species Specificity KW - Aspergillosis -- microbiology KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Arachis -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76635081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Aspergillus+parasiticus+soil+inoculum+on+invasion+of+peanut+seeds.&rft.au=Horn%2C+B+W%3BDorner%2C+J+W%3BGreene%2C+R+L%3BBlankenship%2C+P+D%3BCole%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ivermectin on survival, fecundity, and egg fertility in Culicoides variipennis (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae). AN - 76572976; 8014631 AB - Colonized female Culicoides variipennis were fed through an artificial membrane on sheep blood meals containing 0-1.0 microgram/ml of ivermectin. Significant mortalities were present at 48 h postfeeding, with probit analysis yielding an LC50 of 0.35 microgram/ml and a slope of 4.12. All dosages caused significant decreases (P < 0.01) in egg production and sporadic decreases in egg hatch, with no eggs produced at 1.0 microgram/ml. There was a negative linear correlation (r2 = 0.91) between dose rate and number of eggs produced per living female. An inoculation of ivermectin at the recommended dosage of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight would not produce the serum concentration that could be expected to have noticeable effects on bloodfeeding C. variipennis. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Holbrook, F R AU - Mullens, B A AD - Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Laramie, WY 82071-3965. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 70 EP - 73 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ovum -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Fertility -- drug effects KW - Ivermectin -- pharmacology KW - Ceratopogonidae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76572976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ivermectin+on+survival%2C+fecundity%2C+and+egg+fertility+in+Culicoides+variipennis+%28Diptera%3ACeratopogonidae%29.&rft.au=Holbrook%2C+F+R%3BMullens%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Holbrook&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and sequence analysis of a gene from the linear DNA plasmid pPacl-2 of Pichia acaciae that shows similarity to a killer toxin gene of Kluyveromyces lactis. AN - 76568363; 8017110 AB - The toxin-encoding linear plasmid systems found in Pichia acaciae and Kluyveromyces lactis yeasts appear to be quite similar, both in function and structural organization. By Southern hybridization, a linear plasmid of P. acaciae, pPacl-2, was found to hybridize to the second open reading frame (ORF2) of K. lactis plasmid pGKL1, known to encode the alpha and beta subunits of the K. lactis toxin. A 1.7 kbp segment of pPacl-2 DNA was cloned, sequenced and shown to contain four regions of strong homology to four similarly oriented regions of K. lactis ORF2. This 1.7 kbp fragment also contained an ORF of 1473 bp that could encode a protein of approximately 55.8 kDa. Like the alpha subunit gene of K. lactis ORF2, a very hydrophobic region occurs at the N-terminus, perhaps representing a signal sequence for transport out of the cell. Unlike K. lactis ORF2, however, the encoded polypeptide is much smaller and lacks a recognizable domain common to chitinases. The structure of a toxin that includes the translation product of this P. acaciae ORF would likely be quite different from that of the K. lactis toxin. Analysis of the upstream region of the P. acaciae ORF revealed an upstream conserved sequence identical to that found before ORFs 8 and 9 of pGKL2. A possible hairpin loop structure, as has been described for each of the four K. lactis pGKL1 ORFs, was found just upstream of the presumed start codon. The similarity of the promoter-like elements found in the linear plasmid genes of these diverse yeasts reinforces the idea of the existence of a unique, but highly conserved, expression system for these novel plasmids. The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank data library under Accession Number U02596. JF - Yeast (Chichester, England) AU - Bolen, P L AU - Eastman, E M AU - Cihak, P L AU - Hayman, G T AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 403 EP - 414 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0749-503X, 0749-503X KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Killer Factors, Yeast KW - Mycotoxins KW - zymocin KW - killer toxin, Pichia KW - 155980-87-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Base Sequence KW - Kluyveromyces -- genetics KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Species Specificity KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Protein Conformation KW - Genes, Fungal -- genetics KW - Mycotoxins -- genetics KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Pichia -- genetics KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76568363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Infection+of+ponderosa+pine+trees+by+Armillaria+ostoyae+%3A+Residual+inoculum+versus+contagion.&rft.au=Reaves%2C+J+L%3BShaw%2C+CG+III%3BRoth%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Reaves&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U02596; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An optimized MTT bioassay for determination of cytotoxicity of fumonisins in turkey lymphocytes. AN - 76525850; 8199486 AB - In vitro cytotoxicity assays have been performed for detection and quantitation of fumonisins, as possible alternatives for whole animal testing. This study was undertaken to establish optimal in vitro conditions using turkey lymphocytes. Turkey lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood by Percoll gradient centrifugation. Cytotoxicity of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) was determined by exposing lymphocytes to FB1 or FB2 at concentrations of 0.01-25 micrograms/mL for 24, 48, or 72 h at 39 degrees C. The MTT bioassay was used to measure cell viability and proliferation. In metabolically active cells, the tetrazolium salt, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], was reduced to MTT formazan. Turkey lymphocytes that had been exposed in vitro to FB1 and FB2 for 48 and 72 h showed inhibition of cell proliferation that was dose-dependent. The 50% inhibitory dose for FB1 and FB2 was 0.4-5 micrograms/mL. Cells exposed to FB1 or FB2 exhibited high levels of cytoplasmic vacuolization and were unable to proliferate, whereas proliferation of control lymphocytes was observed at 48 and 72 h. FB2 was 3- to 4-fold more cytotoxic than FB1. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, M A AU - Bennett, G A AU - Richard, J L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604. PY - 1994 SP - 512 EP - 516 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Tetrazolium Salts KW - Thiazoles KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - thiazolyl blue KW - EUY85H477I KW - Index Medicus KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Animals KW - Turkeys KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic KW - Lymphocytes -- chemistry KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76525850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=An+optimized+MTT+bioassay+for+determination+of+cytotoxicity+of+fumonisins+in+turkey+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Dombrink-Kurtzman%2C+M+A%3BBennett%2C+G+A%3BRichard%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Dombrink-Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of ochratoxin A and diacetoxyscirpenol singly and in combination on broiler chickens. AN - 76473224; 8177819 AB - The effects of feeding 2 mg ochratoxin A (OA) and 6 mg 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)/kg of diet singly and in combination were characterized in male broiler chicks from 1 to 19 d of age. Body weights were depressed by OA, DAS, and the OA-DAS combination. There was a significant antagonistic interaction between OA and DAS for uric acid and cholesterol. The efficiency of feed utilization was reduced by DAS alone and by the OA-DAS combination. When compared with controls, additive toxicity was exhibited for reduced efficiency of feed utilization, increased relative weights of the liver and gizzard, and decreased concentration of serum total protein, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. All chicks were scored for oral lesions using a scale of 1 to 4 (0 = no visible lesions; 3 = severe lesions). Oral lesions (average score = 2.6) were present in over 90% of the chicks receiving the DAS diet with or without OA. These data demonstrate that both OA and DAS alone and the OA-DAS combination can adversely affect broiler performance and health. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Edrington, T S AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 408 EP - 415 VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Ochratoxins KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - diacetoxyscirpenol KW - 2270-40-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Animal Feed KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Trichothecenes -- administration & dosage KW - Ochratoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Ochratoxins -- adverse effects KW - Trichothecenes -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76473224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+ochratoxin+A+and+diacetoxyscirpenol+singly+and+in+combination+on+broiler+chickens.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=408&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular toxicities and membrane binding characteristics of insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis toward cultured insect cells. AN - 76468727; 8176242 AB - The pattern of in vitro toxicity of activated toxins from several classes of entomocidal inclusion genes from Bacillus thuringiensis was measured using eight established cell lines from lepidopteran insects. Protoxins representing CryIA(b), CryIA(c), and a mixture of all three CryIA toxins (subtypes a, b, and c; from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1) were compared with the protoxin representing CryIC in a bioassay which measured the viability of cultured insect cells upon exposure to entomocidal toxin proteins. The responses of the various cell lines were very specific toward the individual toxin proteins. CryIC activated protoxin was toxic for cells of Manduca sexta, Plodia interpunctella, and to a lesser extent Spodoptera frugiperda. CryIA(b) and CryIA(c) proteins were toxic toward M. sexta but relatively non-toxic for P. interpunctella or S. frugiperda. The toxicity of CryIA(b), CryIA(c), and the composite CryIA activated toxins toward cells of Choristoneura fumiferana varied substantially, with the CryIA mixture being slightly more toxic than CryIA(c) alone. CryIC toxin had no effect toward C. fumiferana cells. Probit regression analysis of dose-response relationships between insect species and crystal protein composition demonstrated specific patterns of toxicity which may be related to membrane-receptor site binding by specific toxins. Membrane binding analysis of 125I-labeled CryIA(b), CryIA(c), and CryIC toxins to insect cells from three of the cell lines yielded high specific binding only with M. sexta cells toward CryIA(c) toxin. Lower levels of binding were observed with CryIA(b) and CryIC toward cells of C. fumiferana and P. interpunctella. Although relatively low binding levels for CryIC were observed with P. interpunctella cells, toxicity was high for these cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of invertebrate pathology AU - Johnson, D E AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, Manhattan, Kansas 66502. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 123 EP - 129 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Endotoxins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- toxicity KW - Insects -- cytology KW - Insects -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Insects -- drug effects KW - Endotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76468727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Effect+of+pasture+age+on+soil+trace-gas+emissions+from+a+deforested+area+of+Costa+Rica.&rft.au=Keller%2C+M%3BVeldkamp%2C+E%3BWeitz%2C+A+M%3BReiners%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=6443&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial overgrowth without clinical malabsorption in elderly hypochlorhydric subjects. AN - 76384090; 8119531 AB - Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine commonly occurs in association with hypochlorhydria caused by atrophic gastritis or during treatment with omeprazole. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of bacterial overgrowth on small intestinal absorption and permeability and to evaluate the reliability of noninvasive breath tests to detect bacterial overgrowth in subjects with hypochlorhydria. Seventeen healthy, elderly subjects with atrophic gastritis or omeprazole treatment (40 mg/day) and documented bacterial overgrowth were studied. There was no evidence of fat malabsorption (72-hour fecal fat) or clinically significant carbohydrate malabsorption (25 g D-xylose and fecal pH) in any subject. The ratio of lactulose to mannitol excreted was normal in both atrophic gastritis and omeprazole-treated groups. Three subjects in each group had abnormally high alpha 1-antitrypsin clearances. Lactulose (10 g) and glucose (80 g) hydrogen breath tests were only abnormal in 1 out of 17 subjects, whereas the 1 g [14C]D-xylose test was abnormal in 6 out of 17 subjects. Bacterial overgrowth caused by atrophic gastritis or omeprazole treatment is typically not associated with clinically significant fat or carbohydrate malabsorption. Noninvasive breath tests for bacterial overgrowth are not reliable in subjects with hypochlorhydria. JF - Gastroenterology AU - Saltzman, J R AU - Kowdley, K V AU - Pedrosa, M C AU - Sepe, T AU - Golner, B AU - Perrone, G AU - Russell, R M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 615 EP - 623 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0016-5085, 0016-5085 KW - Carbohydrates KW - 0 KW - Fats KW - Mannitol KW - 3OWL53L36A KW - Lactulose KW - 4618-18-2 KW - Xylose KW - A1TA934AKO KW - Omeprazole KW - KG60484QX9 KW - Vitamin B 12 KW - P6YC3EG204 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Omeprazole -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Vitamin B 12 -- blood KW - Lactulose -- urine KW - Fats -- analysis KW - Mannitol -- urine KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Xylose -- urine KW - Carbohydrates -- pharmacokinetics KW - Gastritis -- metabolism KW - Middle Aged KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - Gastritis -- microbiology KW - Fats -- pharmacokinetics KW - Female KW - Male KW - Achlorhydria -- microbiology KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Achlorhydria -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76384090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Bacterial+overgrowth+without+clinical+malabsorption+in+elderly+hypochlorhydric+subjects.&rft.au=Saltzman%2C+J+R%3BKowdley%2C+K+V%3BPedrosa%2C+M+C%3BSepe%2C+T%3BGolner%2C+B%3BPerrone%2C+G%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Saltzman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gastroenterology&rft.issn=00165085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Gastroenterology. 1994 Oct;107(4):1214-5 [7926479] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface reclamation of the Big Lake oil field AN - 50274391; 1994-015979 JF - AAPG Bulletin AU - Weathers, Michael L AU - Moore, Kenneth R AU - Ford, Donald L AU - Curlee, Charles K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 499 PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0149-1423, 0149-1423 KW - wells KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Reagan County Texas KW - reclamation KW - drainage KW - Big Lake Field KW - pumping KW - injection KW - Texas KW - petroleum KW - vegetation KW - salt water KW - oil and gas fields KW - evaporation KW - percolation KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - discharge KW - water wells KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50274391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Surface+reclamation+of+the+Big+Lake+oil+field&rft.au=Weathers%2C+Michael+L%3BMoore%2C+Kenneth+R%3BFord%2C+Donald+L%3BCurlee%2C+Charles+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Weathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.issn=01491423&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aapgbull.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AAPG Southwest Section meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AABUD2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Big Lake Field; discharge; drainage; evaporation; hydrology; injection; leaching; oil and gas fields; percolation; petroleum; pumping; Reagan County Texas; reclamation; salt water; soils; Texas; United States; vegetation; waste disposal; water wells; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption and desorption of imazethapyr and 5-hydroximazethapyr in Minnesota soils AN - 50163675; 1995-032436 JF - Weed Science AU - Gan, Jianying AU - Weimer, Monte R AU - Koskinen, William C AU - Buhler, Douglas D AU - Wyse, Donald L AU - Becker, Roger L Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 92 EP - 97 PB - Weed Science Society of America, Champaign, IL VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - United States KW - metabolites KW - sorption KW - desorption KW - hysteresis KW - degradation KW - organic residues KW - Waseca Minnesota KW - laboratory studies KW - Freundlich isotherms KW - chemical properties KW - mobility KW - soils KW - Minnesota KW - experimental studies KW - imazethapyr KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - imazaquin KW - 5-hydroximazethapyr KW - isotherms KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50163675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Sorption+and+desorption+of+imazethapyr+and+5-hydroximazethapyr+in+Minnesota+soils&rft.au=Gan%2C+Jianying%3BWeimer%2C+Monte+R%3BKoskinen%2C+William+C%3BBuhler%2C+Douglas+D%3BWyse%2C+Donald+L%3BBecker%2C+Roger+L&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=Jianying&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 5-hydroximazethapyr; chemical properties; degradation; desorption; experimental studies; Freundlich isotherms; hysteresis; imazaquin; imazethapyr; isotherms; laboratory studies; metabolites; migration of elements; Minnesota; mobility; organic residues; pesticides; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; soils; sorption; United States; Waseca Minnesota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Center pivots and linear moves AN - 16066722; 4105546 AB - The growth of center pivot and linear move (CP/LM) systems was very rapid through about 1982, but has steadily continued to the present time. Currently, they irrigate almost 25 percent of the total irrigated area and low-flow pressurized systems irrigate four percent of the total. There has been little change in total irrigated area in the past decade. Some of the increase in center pivot and linear move acreage is conversion from gravity systems, and the remainder is development of new lands which offset previously gravity-irrigated lands no longer irrigated. Many factors have driven the transition from complete dominance of surface irrigation to 25 percent of the total irrigation with center pivots and linear moves, some of which will be highlighted. JF - Irrigation Journal AU - Heermann, D F AU - Duke, H R AU - Buchleiter, G W AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Service's Water Manage. Res. Unit, Fort Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 16 EP - 23 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0047-1518, 0047-1518 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - irrigation engineering KW - sprinkler irrigation KW - design criteria KW - irrigation design KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16066722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Journal&rft.atitle=Center+pivots+and+linear+moves&rft.au=Heermann%2C+D+F%3BDuke%2C+H+R%3BBuchleiter%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Heermann&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Journal&rft.issn=00471518&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sprinkler irrigation; design criteria; irrigation design; irrigation engineering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors and surveillance for bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States. AN - 76435979; 8163424 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Bleem, A M AU - Crom, R L AU - Francy, D B AU - Hueston, W D AU - Kopral, C AU - Walker, K AD - Center for Epidemiology, USDA, Fort Collins, CO 80521. Y1 - 1994/02/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 15 SP - 644 EP - 651 VL - 204 IS - 4 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sheep KW - Brain -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- veterinary KW - Animal Feed KW - Cattle KW - United Kingdom -- epidemiology KW - Scrapie -- epidemiology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Risk Factors KW - Scrapie -- prevention & control KW - Food Contamination KW - Incidence KW - Animals, Zoo KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform -- epidemiology KW - Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform -- etiology KW - Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76435979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+and+surveillance+for+bovine+spongiform+encephalopathy+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Bleem%2C+A+M%3BCrom%2C+R+L%3BFrancy%2C+D+B%3BHueston%2C+W+D%3BKopral%2C+C%3BWalker%2C+K&rft.aulast=Bleem&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-02-15&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994 Jun 1;204(11):1734-5 [8063589] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Altered protoxin activation by midgut enzymes from a Bacillus thuringiensis resistant strain of Plodia interpunctella. AN - 76381443; 8117300 AB - Processing of Bacillus thuringiensis protoxins to toxins by midgut proteinases from a strain of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), resistant to B. thuringiensis subspecies entomocidus (HD-198) was slower than that by midgut proteinases from the susceptible parent strain or a strain resistant to B. thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (HD-1, Dipel). Midgut extracts from entomocidus-resistant insects exhibited five-fold lower activity toward the synthetic substrate alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine rho-nitroanilide than extracts from susceptible or kurstaki-resistant insects. Midgut enzymes from susceptible or kurstaki-resistant insects converted the 133 kDa CryIA(c) protoxin to 61-63 kDa proteins, while incubations with entomocidus-resistant enzymes resulted in predominantly products of intermediate size, even with increased amounts of midgut extract. The 61-63 kDa proteins were only produced by entomocidus-resistant midgut extracts after long term incubations with the protoxin. The data suggest that altered protoxin activation by midgut proteinases is involved in some types of insect resistance to B. thuringiensis. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Oppert, B AU - Kramer, K J AU - Johnson, D E AU - MacIntosh, S C AU - McGaughey, W H AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, ARS-USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502-2736. Y1 - 1994/02/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 15 SP - 940 EP - 947 VL - 198 IS - 3 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Bacillus thuringiensis protoxin KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - Insecticides KW - Protein Precursors KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Endotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Immunity, Innate KW - Molecular Weight KW - Endotoxins -- metabolism KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Digestive System -- enzymology KW - Moths -- enzymology KW - Moths -- drug effects KW - Protein Precursors -- toxicity KW - Protein Precursors -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Toxins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Toxins -- isolation & purification KW - Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Toxins -- toxicity KW - Bacillus thuringiensis -- pathogenicity KW - Protein Precursors -- isolation & purification KW - Moths -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76381443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Altered+protoxin+activation+by+midgut+enzymes+from+a+Bacillus+thuringiensis+resistant+strain+of+Plodia+interpunctella.&rft.au=Oppert%2C+B%3BKramer%2C+K+J%3BJohnson%2C+D+E%3BMacIntosh%2C+S+C%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Oppert&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-02-15&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=940&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal well-being in pharmacology and toxicology research. AN - 76438494; 8157540 AB - The primary objective of this paper is to heighten the awareness of animal welfare issues among animal scientists. Emphasis is placed on issues relating to pharmacology and toxicology research with animals. Use of both laboratory animals and farm animals is addressed; major consideration is given to domestic livestock. Animal welfare issues are complex and have philosophical, ethical, legal, societal, scientific, and biological bases and implications. There is substantial diversity in public opinion and perception regarding use of animals in research, including the belief among some people that use of animals in research should be eliminated altogether. Increasingly, public opinion is tending toward expectations of alternatives to the use of live animals for research. From an animal scientist's viewpoint, although the availability and development of viable alternatives are increasing, live animal research in pharmacology and toxicology currently has no acceptable alternative, in many cases because of the complex interactions involved in whole-animal (biological) systems. Compliance with federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and policies requires animal scientists to use only appropriate species for research, use the minimum number of animals needed, minimize pain and discomfort, and consider alternatives to the use of live animals. In summary, it is essential that animal scientists be advocates of animal well-being and adhere to appropriate guidelines for animal care and use when conducting research with animals. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Hammond, A C AD - Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, ARS, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34605-0046. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 523 EP - 527 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Animal Rights KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Toxicology -- standards KW - Research -- standards KW - Animal Welfare -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Animals, Laboratory UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76438494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Animal+well-being+in+pharmacology+and+toxicology+research.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-17 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effective dose in cattle of toxic alkaloids from tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi). AN - 76432355; 8154094 AB - We determined the po toxicity of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) of known alkaloid composition to cattle. We calculated the effective dose at which the alkaloids methyllycaconitine and 14-deacetylnudicauline, collectively termed total toxic alkaloid, caused collapse and sternal recumbency. The effective dose of total toxic alkaloid that produced sternal recumbency in steers was 11.2 mg/kg bw. Based on this dose, we hypothesize that the LD50 for a po dose of total toxic alkaloids in cattle will be 25 to 40 mg/kg bw. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Pfister, J A AU - Panter, K E AU - Manners, G D AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 10 EP - 11 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - 14-deacetylnudicauline KW - 119347-24-9 KW - methyllycaconitine KW - 21019-30-7 KW - Aconitine KW - X8YN71D5WC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Aconitine -- toxicity KW - Aconitine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Male KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Animal Feed KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76432355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effective+dose+in+cattle+of+toxic+alkaloids+from+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+barbeyi%29.&rft.au=Pfister%2C+J+A%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BManners%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater fluctuations estimated from rainfall and evaporation data AN - 52793471; 1996-079664 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Daniel, John A AU - Starks, Patrick J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 5 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - rainfall KW - statistical analysis KW - agriculture KW - Little Washita River basin KW - ground water KW - water table KW - Oklahoma KW - hydrologic cycle KW - evaporation KW - central Oklahoma KW - levels KW - infiltration KW - discharge KW - water resources KW - regression analysis KW - climate KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52793471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Groundwater+fluctuations+estimated+from+rainfall+and+evaporation+data&rft.au=Daniel%2C+John+A%3BStarks%2C+Patrick+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, South-Central Section, 28th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; central Oklahoma; climate; discharge; evaporation; ground water; hydrologic cycle; infiltration; levels; Little Washita River basin; Oklahoma; rainfall; regression analysis; statistical analysis; United States; water resources; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retention of solutes by clayey coastal plains soils AN - 50253102; 1994-028752 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Sheridan, J M Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 90 EP - 96 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - clay KW - clastic sediments KW - solutes KW - nitrates KW - ground water KW - physical properties KW - mineral composition KW - loam KW - sediments KW - retention KW - leaching KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50253102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Retention+of+solutes+by+clayey+coastal+plains+soils&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BSheridan%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; clastic sediments; clay; ground water; leaching; loam; mineral composition; nitrates; physical properties; retention; sediments; soils; solutes; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Grid size dependency of parameters extracted from digital elevation models AN - 50250656; 1994-028425 JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Garbrecht, J AU - Martz, L Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 85 EP - 87 PB - Pergamon, New York-Oxford-Toronto VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - hydrology KW - drainage KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - channels KW - mapping KW - applications KW - interpretation KW - digital terrain models KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50250656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=Grid+size+dependency+of+parameters+extracted+from+digital+elevation+models&rft.au=Garbrecht%2C+J%3BMartz%2C+L&rft.aulast=Garbrecht&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; channels; data processing; digital terrain models; drainage; hydrology; interpretation; mapping; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of water in soils under gravel and sand mulches AN - 50242398; 1994-035283 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Kemper, W D AU - Nicks, A D AU - Corey, A T Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 56 EP - 63 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - sand KW - clastic sediments KW - mathematical models KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - gravel KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - recharge KW - evaporation KW - infiltration KW - sediments KW - water regimes KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50242398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+water+in+soils+under+gravel+and+sand+mulches&rft.au=Kemper%2C+W+D%3BNicks%2C+A+D%3BCorey%2C+A+T&rft.aulast=Kemper&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; atmospheric precipitation; clastic sediments; evaporation; gravel; ground water; infiltration; mathematical models; recharge; sand; sediments; soils; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with an adaptively corrected method of characteristics to simulate variably saturated water flow AN - 50179024; 1994-037419 AB - A relatively simple method of characteristics is developed to simulate one-dimensional variably saturated water flow. The method uses the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to separate the governing flow equation into "convection" and "diffusion" parts, which are solved with the method of characteristics and the conventional finite element method, respectively. The method of characteristics combines a single-step reverse particle tracking technique with a correction strategy to ensure accurate mass balances. The correction process is implemented by weighing the calculated convective contribution to the pressure head at each node with the pressure head values of two upstream nodes, using an adaptive weighing factor lambda . The value of lambda is automatically adjusted by considering the global mass balance at each time step. Numerical experiments for ponded infiltration are presented to illustrate the scheme's performance for situations involving highly nonlinear soil hydraulic properties and extremely dry initial conditions. Results indicate that the proposed method is mass-conservative, virtually oscillation-free, and computationally quite efficient. The method is especially effective for simulating highly nonlinear flow scenarios for which traditional finite difference and finite element numerical methods often fail to converge. Copyright 1994 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Huang, K AU - Zhang, R AU - van Genuchten, M T Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 499 EP - 507 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - diffusion KW - numerical models KW - unsteady flow KW - unsaturated zone KW - convection KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - models KW - infiltration KW - movement KW - mathematical methods KW - water regimes KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - algorithms KW - Eulerian-Lagrangian method KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50179024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=An+Eulerian-Lagrangian+approach+with+an+adaptively+corrected+method+of+characteristics+to+simulate+variably+saturated+water+flow&rft.au=Huang%2C+K%3BZhang%2C+R%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F93WR02881 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; convection; diffusion; Eulerian-Lagrangian method; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; infiltration; mathematical methods; models; movement; numerical models; simulation; unsaturated zone; unsteady flow; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93WR02881 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial distribution of atrazine residues in soil and shallow groundwater; effect of tillage and rainfall timing AN - 50161327; 1995-029305 JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Isensee, A R Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 67 EP - 76 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - soils KW - concentration KW - climatic controls KW - experimental studies KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - statistical analysis KW - kriging KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - residence time KW - shallow aquifers KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50161327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Spatial+distribution+of+atrazine+residues+in+soil+and+shallow+groundwater%3B+effect+of+tillage+and+rainfall+timing&rft.au=Sadeghi%2C+A+M%3BIsensee%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Sadeghi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01678809 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; atrazine; climatic controls; concentration; degradation; experimental studies; ground water; herbicides; kriging; leaching; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; residence time; shallow aquifers; soils; statistical analysis; triazines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling environmental effects on enhanced carbofuran degradation AN - 50145364; 1995-034153 JF - Pesticide Science AU - Parkin, Timothy B AU - Shelton, Daniel R Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 163 EP - 168 PB - Elsevier Applied Science, Essex VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - United States KW - thallophytes KW - soils KW - biodegradation KW - Plantae KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - Beltsville Maryland KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - carbofuran KW - carbon dioxide KW - Prince Georges County Maryland KW - bacteria KW - Maryland KW - pesticides KW - kinetics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50145364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Modeling+environmental+effects+on+enhanced+carbofuran+degradation&rft.au=Parkin%2C+Timothy+B%3BShelton%2C+Daniel+R&rft.aulast=Parkin&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; Beltsville Maryland; biodegradation; carbofuran; carbon dioxide; experimental studies; kinetics; Maryland; monitoring; pesticides; physicochemical properties; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; Prince Georges County Maryland; soil treatment; soils; thallophytes; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture sensors for continuous monitoring AN - 50134105; 1995-053077 JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Amer, Saud A AU - Keefer, Timothy O AU - Weltz, Mark A AU - Goodrich, David C AU - Bach, Leslie B Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 69 EP - 83 PB - American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - United States KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - electrical properties KW - monitoring KW - bulk density KW - in situ KW - moisture KW - techniques KW - Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed KW - physical properties KW - detection KW - Arizona KW - Cochise County Arizona KW - chemical properties KW - time domain analysis KW - accuracy KW - pore water KW - instruments KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50134105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture+sensors+for+continuous+monitoring&rft.au=Amer%2C+Saud+A%3BKeefer%2C+Timothy+O%3BWeltz%2C+Mark+A%3BGoodrich%2C+David+C%3BBach%2C+Leslie+B&rft.aulast=Amer&rft.aufirst=Saud&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; Arizona; bulk density; chemical properties; Cochise County Arizona; detection; electrical properties; experimental studies; in situ; instruments; moisture; monitoring; physical properties; pore water; soils; techniques; time domain analysis; United States; Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of surface runoff and sediment yields from low- and high-severity site preparation burns AN - 50129635; 1995-053075 JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Robichaud, P R AU - Waldrop, T A Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 27 EP - 34 PB - American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - rainfall KW - moisture KW - Appalachians KW - Appalachian Plateau KW - simulation KW - models KW - fires KW - physical properties KW - infiltration KW - sediment yield KW - runoff KW - sediments KW - ecology KW - Piedmont KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50129635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+surface+runoff+and+sediment+yields+from+low-+and+high-severity+site+preparation+burns&rft.au=Robichaud%2C+P+R%3BWaldrop%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Robichaud&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; ecology; fires; hydrology; infiltration; land use; models; moisture; North America; physical properties; Piedmont; rainfall; runoff; sediment yield; sediments; simulation; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance evaluation of hexane-extracted oils from genetically modified soybeans AN - 21250608; 11716438 AB - Soybeans produced by induced mutation breeding and hybridization were cracked, flaked and hexane-extracted, and the recovered crude oils were processed to finished edible oils by laboratory simulations of commercial oil-processing procedures. Three lines yielded oils containing 1.7, 1.9 and 2.5% linolenic acid. These low-linolenic acid oils were evaluated along with oil extracted from the cultivar Hardin, grown at the same time and location, and they were processed at the same time. The oil from Hardin contained 6.5% linolenic acid. Low-linolenic acid oils showed improved flavor stability in accelerated storage tests after 8 d in the dark at 60°C and after 8h at 7500 lux at 30°C, conditions generally considered in stress testing. Room odor testing indicated that the low-linolenic oils showed significantly lower fishy odor after 1 h at 190°C and lower acrid/pungent odor after 5 h. Potatoes were fried in the oils at 190°C after 5, 10 and 15 h of use. Overall flavor quality of the potatoes fried in the low-linolenic oils was good and significantly better after all time periods than that of potatoes fried in the standard oil. No fishy flavors were perceived with potatoes fried in the low-linolenic oils. Total volatile and polar compound content of all heated oils increased with frying hours, with no significant differences observed. After 15 h of frying, the free fatty acid content in all oils remained below 0.3%. Lowering the linolenic acid content of soybean oil by breeding was particularly beneficial for improved oil quality during cooking and frying. Flavor quality of fried foods was enhanced with these low-linolenic acid oils. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Mounts, T L AU - Warner, K AU - List, G R AD - Food Quality and Safety Research, USDA, ARS, NCAUR, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, Illinois Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - Feb 1994 SP - 157 EP - 161 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - Linolenic acid KW - Flavor KW - Oils KW - Stress KW - Shelf life KW - Soybeans KW - Breeding KW - Volatiles KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Cooking KW - Fatty acids KW - Odor KW - Food quality KW - Mutation KW - R 18065:Food science KW - G 07880:Human Genetics KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21250608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Performance+evaluation+of+hexane-extracted+oils+from+genetically+modified+soybeans&rft.au=Mounts%2C+T+L%3BWarner%2C+K%3BList%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Mounts&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02541550 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Linolenic acid; Flavor; Oils; Stress; Shelf life; Soybeans; Breeding; Volatiles; Cooking; Fatty acids; Odor; Food quality; Mutation; Solanum tuberosum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02541550 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yield, yield components, and fiber properties of insect-resistant cotton lines containing a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene AN - 15879634; 4031778 AB - Crop yield and quality could be affected in transgenic crop plants carrying foreign genes which confer resistance to plant pests. Scientists at Monsanto Company produced nine transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines, each containing one of the two Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Berliner) constructs, cryIA(b) or cryIA(c), that encode a protein toxic to lepidopteran insects. We undertook this study to determine whether these transgenic lines exhibit any undesirable agronomic or fiber properties. At Maricopa, AZ, we grew five, four, and three transgenic lines in field plots in 1990, 1991, and 1992, respectively; the parental 'Coker 312' and the locally adapted, nectariless, high fiber-strength 'Md 51 ne' were included each year. Somaclonal variation, insertion of the insect-control protein genes, and the expression of the insecticidal protein caused no general reduction in lint yield, primary or secondary yield components, or fiber properties. The transgenic lines varied significantly in every trait measured. Mean lint yields over the 3 yr were as follows: transgenic lines, 135.4 plus or minus 4.5 g m super(-2); Coker 312, 115.1 plus or minus 7.7 g m super(-2), MD 51 ne, 141.2 plus or minus 11.4 g m super(-2). Six of the nine transgenic lines yielded significantly more lint (13-30%) than did Coker 312. Lint yields of the same six lines (10% less to 7% more) were not significantly different than that of MD 51 ne. Compared with Coker 312, four of nine transgenic lines had longer fiber, eight had stronger fiber, two had higher fiber elongation, and two did not differ significantly in micronaire. Compared with MD 51 ne, five of the nine transgenic lines did not differ significantly in fiber length, two did not differ in strength, three did not differ in elongation, and six did not differ in micronaire. These transgenic lines are valuable sources of germplasm, not only for insect resistance but also for agronomic and fiber properties. JF - Crop Science AU - Wilson, F D AU - Flint, H M AU - Deaton, W R AU - Buehler, R E AD - USDA-ARS, Western Cotton Res. Lab., 4135 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - Feb 1994 SP - 38 EP - 41 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - cryIA(b) gene KW - cryIA(c) gene KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - genetic engineering KW - toxins KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Lepidoptera KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - A 01030:General KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15879634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Yield%2C+yield+components%2C+and+fiber+properties+of+insect-resistant+cotton+lines+containing+a+Bacillus+thuringiensis+toxin+gene&rft.au=Wilson%2C+F+D%3BFlint%2C+H+M%3BDeaton%2C+W+R%3BBuehler%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Gossypium hirsutum; Lepidoptera; toxins; genetic engineering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response characteristics of galactose-induced cataract in the rat. AN - 77810784; 7715918 AB - The onset and progression of cataract was investigated in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats fed 10, 15, 20 and 30% dietary galactose (groups 1-4) for 45-226 days. Cataracts were graded on a 0-5 scale. After 226 days, 9% of the rats fed 10% galactose developed lesions beyond the very early stage of cataractogenesis (grade 1). After 154 days 50% of the rats fed 15% galactose developed subcortical cataract (grade 3) with no nuclear cataract. In the rats fed 20% galactose, an initial rapid development by 31 days of a grade 3 cataract was observed in 50% of the eyes. Advancement to grade 4 and grade 5 cataract proceeded more slowly; by 207 days, 45% of the eyes had grade 5 cataract. In rats fed 30% galactose, rapid vacuolization and development of nuclear cataracts (grade 5) were observed by day 44. Dietary galactose at levels of 20 and 30% was associated with a significant reduction in weight gain at the early stage of dietary treatment. These observations demonstrate that 10-30% dietary galactose induces cataract in rat lens in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. These data serve to further establish this animal model as a useful model for studying the sequelae of cataractogenesis. JF - Ophthalmic research AU - Meydani, M AU - Martin, A AU - Sastre, J AU - Smith, D AU - Dallal, G AU - Taylor, A AU - Blumberg, J AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Mass. 02111. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 368 EP - 374 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0030-3747, 0030-3747 KW - Galactose KW - X2RN3Q8DNE KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Lens, Crystalline -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Lens, Crystalline -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Cataract -- pathology KW - Cataract -- chemically induced KW - Galactose -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77810784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ophthalmic+research&rft.atitle=Dose-response+characteristics+of+galactose-induced+cataract+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Meydani%2C+M%3BMartin%2C+A%3BSastre%2C+J%3BSmith%2C+D%3BDallal%2C+G%3BTaylor%2C+A%3BBlumberg%2C+J&rft.aulast=Meydani&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ophthalmic+research&rft.issn=00303747&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody prepared against plant actin. AN - 77731495; 7859296 AB - Anti-actin monoclonal antibodies were prepared using phalloidin-stabilized actin that was purified from pea roots by DNase I affinity chromatography. One monoclonal antibody, designated mAb3H11, bound plant actin in preliminary screenings and was further analyzed. Immunoblot analysis showed that this antibody had a high affinity for plant actin in crude and purified preparations but a low affinity for rabbit muscle actin. In immunoblots of plant extracts separated on two-dimensional gels it appeared to bind all actin isoforms recognized by the JLA20 anti-chicken actin antibody. Using immunofluorescent cytochemistry, the antibody was used to observe actin filaments in aldehyde-fixed and methanol-treated tobacco protoplasts. These results indicate that mAb3H11 should be a useful reagent for the study of plant actins. JF - Cell motility and the cytoskeleton AU - Andersland, J M AU - Fisher, D D AU - Wymer, C L AU - Cyr, R J AU - Parthasarathy, M V AD - Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 339 EP - 344 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0886-1544, 0886-1544 KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - Microfilament Proteins KW - Cytochalasin D KW - 22144-77-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Peas KW - Immunoblotting KW - Microfilament Proteins -- ultrastructure KW - Hybridomas KW - Gossypium KW - Pollen KW - Tobacco -- ultrastructure KW - Microfilament Proteins -- drug effects KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Antibody Specificity KW - Zea mays KW - Cytochalasin D -- pharmacology KW - Protoplasts -- ultrastructure KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- isolation & purification KW - Actin Cytoskeleton -- chemistry KW - Actin Cytoskeleton -- ultrastructure KW - Actins -- immunology KW - Actins -- analysis KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77731495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+motility+and+the+cytoskeleton&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+monoclonal+antibody+prepared+against+plant+actin.&rft.au=Andersland%2C+J+M%3BFisher%2C+D+D%3BWymer%2C+C+L%3BCyr%2C+R+J%3BParthasarathy%2C+M+V&rft.aulast=Andersland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+motility+and+the+cytoskeleton&rft.issn=08861544&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative stress to lens crystallins. AN - 76578867; 8015487 JF - Methods in enzymology AU - Jahngen-Hodge, J AU - Taylor, A AU - Shang, F AU - Huang, L L AU - Mura, C AD - Department of Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 512 EP - 522 VL - 233 SN - 0076-6879, 0076-6879 KW - Aldehydes KW - 0 KW - Cesium Radioisotopes KW - Crystallins KW - Ketones KW - Oxidants KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Mercaptoethanol KW - 60-24-2 KW - Tryptophan KW - 8DUH1N11BX KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Aldehydes -- analysis KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Humans KW - Mercaptoethanol -- pharmacology KW - Molecular Weight KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Cattle KW - Tryptophan -- analysis KW - Ketones -- analysis KW - Oxidants -- toxicity KW - Oxygen -- toxicity KW - Crystallins -- radiation effects KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- analysis KW - Crystallins -- drug effects KW - Crystallins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76578867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.atitle=Oxidative+stress+to+lens+crystallins.&rft.au=Jahngen-Hodge%2C+J%3BTaylor%2C+A%3BShang%2C+F%3BHuang%2C+L+L%3BMura%2C+C&rft.aulast=Jahngen-Hodge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=233&rft.issue=&rft.spage=512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.issn=00766879&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella enteritidis in eggs from commercial chicken layer flocks implicated in human outbreaks. AN - 76542784; 8002898 AB - Eggs were cultured from four commercial chicken layer houses implicated in three human outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis serotype enteritidis infection as part of the activities of the USDA-APHIS, VS, Salmonella enteritidis Task Force. Each house was part of a multiple in-line complex, ranging from three to seven houses. Houses were located on three separate farms, and each house contained between 50,000 and 80,000 chickens. S. enteritidis phage types 8, 13a, and 23 were isolated from samples taken from environmental and organ tissue samples, but only phage type 8 was cultured from eggs. Phage type 8 was isolated from humans in all three S. enteritidis outbreaks. Frequency estimates of contaminated eggs ranged from 0.03% to 0.90%. JF - Avian diseases AU - Henzler, D J AU - Ebel, E AU - Sanders, J AU - Kradel, D AU - Mason, J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782. PY - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 43 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Microclimate KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella Infections -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76542784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Salmonella+enteritidis+in+eggs+from+commercial+chicken+layer+flocks+implicated+in+human+outbreaks.&rft.au=Henzler%2C+D+J%3BEbel%2C+E%3BSanders%2C+J%3BKradel%2C+D%3BMason%2C+J&rft.aulast=Henzler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella enteritidis control programs in the United States. AN - 76430783; 8155473 AB - A sharply rising incidence of salmonellosis in humans caused by Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in the United States between 1985 and 1989 resulted in a government-sponsored outbreak traceback program which was started in 1990. Layer flocks considered the sources of egg-implicated outbreaks would be tested for SE and the eggs from these flocks would be diverted to pasteurization plants. A program to eliminate SE from primary and multiplier breeding flocks was started at the same time. A subsequent spent hen survey and a survey of prepasteurized liquid egg material revealed that SE was much more prevalent than had been suspected, and that the highest prevalence was found in the northeastern and middle Atlantic states. Since the SE rates did not decrease during the next 2 years, a pilot project was started in 1992 in Pennsylvania, in one of the most highly affected areas. The project was designed to reduce the number of SE outbreaks by diverting eggs from SE-affected flocks and at the same time attempting to delineate the epidemiology and control aspects of the disease. With the results generated during the fist 18 months of the Pilot Project, a much larger SE prevention program will start in the same area, in October 1993. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Mason, J AD - Salmonella enteritidis Control Program, USDA, APHIS, Hyattsville, MD 20782. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 155 EP - 169 VL - 21 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Pest Control KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Pilot Projects KW - Pennsylvania KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Muridae -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76430783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=Experimental+design+and+analysis+in+field+studies+of+aquatic+vegetation&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BWhitehand%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of feeding ponderosa pine needle extracts and their residues to pregnant cattle. AN - 76353620; 8313706 AB - Solvents including ethanol, methylene chloride, acetone, hexane, and hot and cold water were used in separate procedures to extract needles and bark from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa L.) to determine which system was optimal for the extraction of abortifacient compound(s). The extracts and residues therefrom were fed by gavage to pregnant cows beginning at day 250 of gestation. After methylene chloride extraction, the pine needle residue fed by gavage failed to abort 4 cows. Subsequently, 4 cows fed the methylene chloride extractable material, adsorbed on ground hay, but free of methylene chloride, aborted (days 253-260 of gestation) and all 4 cows retained fetal membranes. Only 2 of 6 cows fed the pine needle residue after ethanol extraction aborted (days 260 and 261 of gestation) and both retained their fetal membranes, while the other 4 cows calved normally. Hot and cold water extracts did not cause abortion, whereas the extracted plant residue did. One cow fed the plant residue after acetone extraction calved normally as did 1 of 2 cows fed residue after hexane extraction. One cow fed hexane extract absorbed on ground hay also calved normally. These results demonstrate that abortifacient compound(s) present in pine needles are most efficiently extracted by methylene chloride. JF - The Cornell veterinarian AU - James, L F AU - Molyneux, R J AU - Panter, K E AU - Gardner, D R AU - Stegelmeier, B L AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 33 EP - 39 VL - 84 IS - 1 SN - 0010-8901, 0010-8901 KW - Abortifacient Agents KW - 0 KW - Hexanes KW - Plant Extracts KW - Solvents KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- chemically induced KW - Abortifacient Agents -- toxicity KW - Abortifacient Agents -- isolation & purification KW - Cattle Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76353620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cornell+veterinarian&rft.atitle=Effect+of+feeding+ponderosa+pine+needle+extracts+and+their+residues+to+pregnant+cattle.&rft.au=James%2C+L+F%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Cornell+veterinarian&rft.issn=00108901&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attenuation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice as evidence for the bioavailability of the cysteine in D-glucose-L-cysteine in vivo. AN - 76347737; 8310451 AB - A substantial fraction of the cysteine added to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions is converted to the corresponding thiazolidine derivative, while in solution with relatively large concentrations of glucose typical of TPN (700 mM and higher). It was recently reported (Roberts et al. (1987) J. Med. Chem. 30, 1891-1896) that this thiazolidine, D-glucose-L-cysteine (DGC), offered no significant protection against the hepatic injury caused by 5 mmol/kg of acetaminophen in mice, suggesting that the cysteine present as DGC is poorly bioavailable in vivo. In the present study, fasted male ICR mice given 1.6 or 2.6 mmol/kg of acetaminophen sustained hepatic injury, estimated by elevations in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Administration of 2.5 mmol/kg of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 1 h before acetaminophen given i.p. prevented the rise in plasma ALT activities, apparently through support of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Administration of 2.5 mmol/kg of DGC prior to acetaminophen resulted in slightly lower mean plasma ALT activities than were observed in animals given saline before acetaminophen, but the effect was not statistically significant. When DGC was given 1 h before p.o. administration of 1.6 or 2.6 mmol/kg of acetaminophen, the protective effects of DGC were statistically significant (P < 0.01, 0.025, respectively), although NAC afforded significantly greater protection than did DGC at the higher dose of acetaminophen. Given 4 h before acetaminophen, DGC attenuated acetaminophen-induced increases in plasma ALT activities significantly, whereas NAC was without effect. These results indicate that the cysteine in DGC is at least partially bioavailable in vivo and, further, that DGC may function as a slow release formulation of cysteine. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Gomez, M R AU - Benzick, A E AU - Rogers, L K AU - Heird, W C AU - Smith, C V AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 101 EP - 108 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - glucose-cysteine KW - 38325-69-8 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Acetylcysteine KW - WYQ7N0BPYC KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred ICR KW - Drug Interactions KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Biological Availability KW - Cysteine -- pharmacology KW - Cysteine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acetaminophen -- administration & dosage KW - Glucose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Cysteine -- administration & dosage KW - Glucose -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Acetylcysteine -- administration & dosage KW - Acetylcysteine -- pharmacology KW - Glucose -- administration & dosage KW - Cysteine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Acetaminophen -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76347737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Attenuation+of+acetaminophen+hepatotoxicity+in+mice+as+evidence+for+the+bioavailability+of+the+cysteine+in+D-glucose-L-cysteine+in+vivo.&rft.au=Gomez%2C+M+R%3BBenzick%2C+A+E%3BRogers%2C+L+K%3BHeird%2C+W+C%3BSmith%2C+C+V&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of development on techniques for calcium stable isotope studies in children AN - 745658652; 128089 AB - We evaluated the effects of age and pubertal status on the tracer excess measured in urine samples collected during the 120 h after the oral and intravenous administration of calcium stable isotopes to 90 children (16 preterm infants and 74 females aged 4.9-16.8 years). Analysis of subjects shows differences in distribution volume and fractional absorption of calcium based on developmental status, with four separate groups being identified. These are: (i) premature infants; (ii) prepubertal girls (Tanner stage 1); (iii) early pubertal girls (Tanner states 2-3); and (iv) late pubertal girls (Tanner stages 4-5). Identification of groups in this fashion allows for adequate dosing in calcium stable isotope studies, with the minimum dose being given to achieve an increase in urinary isotopic content consistent with the precision of the analytical equipment. JF - Biological Mass Spectrometry AU - O'Brien, Kimberly O AU - Abrams, Steven A AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Cent, Houston, TX, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 357 EP - 361 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 1052-9306, 1052-9306 KW - Absorption KW - Body fluids KW - Calcium KW - Calcium stable isotopes KW - Distribution volume KW - Drug dosage KW - Drug infusion KW - Fractional absorption KW - Isotopes KW - Oral and intravenous administration KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Physiology KW - Urinary isotopic content KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745658652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+development+on+techniques+for+calcium+stable+isotope+studies+in+children&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Kimberly+O%3BAbrams%2C+Steven+A&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.issn=10529306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Isotopes; Physiology; Absorption; Pharmacokinetics; Body fluids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations for evaluating controlled exposure studies of tree seedlings AN - 745658186; 120078 AB - Tree seedling exposure studies, covering a wide range of experimental conditions in pollutant treatments, species, facilities, and exposure regimes, have been conducted during the past several years to determine acute effects and relative sensitivity of tree species in response to simulated acid precipitation and gaseous pollutants. Because of the difficulties inherent in conducting controlled exposures with mature trees (e.g., size, variability among experimental units, and costs associated with replication of treatments), seedling exposure studies have been initiated as the quickest way to address these issues. However, sufficient consideration has not been given to either the comparability of seedling studies or to their appropriate inference. The statistical power of any given analysis is rarely discussed when the outcomes are published. Appropriate and documented statistics of experimenter bias are often not reported, and variability in the exposure regime (i.e., treatment target levels) and the measurement of experimental variables is assumed to be zero, rather than quantified. Finally, the populations of seedlings for which seedling experiments have inference, the extent to which seedling responses are applicable to mature trees and forest condition, and the limitations in national or regional generalizations are crucial issues often left to an individual reader's interpretation without the benefit of adequate quantitative information presented by the authors. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Peterson, Charles EJr AU - Mickler, Robert A AD - USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 257 EP - 267 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Acid precipitation KW - Air pollution control KW - Controlled exposure KW - Gaseous pollutants KW - Ozone KW - Plants (botany) KW - Pollutant treatments KW - Seedling exposure KW - Tree seedlings KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Environmental impact KW - Air pollution KW - Forestry KW - W4 451:AIR POLLUTION KW - W4 454.2:ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PROTECTION KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 451:AIR POLLUTION KW - EE 454.2:ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PROTECTION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS KW - EE 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745658186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Considerations+for+evaluating+controlled+exposure+studies+of+tree+seedlings&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Charles+EJr%3BMickler%2C+Robert+A&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Statistics; Environmental impact; Forestry; Air pollution control; Ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Permethrin and sulprofos washoff from cotton plants as a function of time between application and initial rainfall AN - 745652703; 93380 AB - Understanding pesticide foliar washoff is important in environmental modeling, pest management, and development of integrated management systems. This study was conducted to determine the effect of elapsed time between spray application and initial rainfall on insecticide washoff from foliage. Permethrin [(3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl(1R,S)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)2 ,2-dime thylcyclopropanecarboxylate] and sulprofos [O-ethyl O-(4-methylthiophenyl)-S-propyl phosphorodithioate] were applied to mature cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants as tank-mixed emulsifiable concentrates with a water carrier. Simulated rain (51 mm in 1 h) was applied to the cotton plants at different times after insecticide application to determine washoff characteristics for both compounds. Residues of both insecticides became increasingly resistant to washoff with increasing time interval between insecticide application and initial rainfall. The mean amounts of both insecticides washed from the plants were related to the mean insecticide loads on the plants and decreased with time. On the average, the first 2 to 3 mm of rain removed 50% of the total amounts of insecticide washed from the plants by the 51-mm storm. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Willis, G H AU - McDowell, L L AU - Smith, S AU - Southwick, L M AD - USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, LA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 96 EP - 100 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Permethrin KW - Pesticide foliar washoff KW - Plants (botany) KW - Sulprofos KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cotton KW - Mathematical models KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Environmental impact KW - Rain KW - Spraying KW - W4 921.6:NUMERICAL METHODS KW - W4 443.3:PRECIPITATION KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 631.2:HYDRODYNAMICS KW - W4 821.2:AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Permethrin+and+sulprofos+washoff+from+cotton+plants+as+a+function+of+time+between+application+and+initial+rainfall&rft.au=Willis%2C+G+H%3BMcDowell%2C+L+L%3BSmith%2C+S%3BSouthwick%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Cotton; Hydrodynamics; Environmental impact; Rain; Spraying ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinguishing nitrogen fertilization levels in field corn (Zea mays L.) with actively induced fluorescence and passive reflectance measurements AN - 745652242; 102863 AB - Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is an active sensing technique capable of capturing immediate and specific indications of changes in plant physiology and metabolism as they relate to the concentration and photosynthetic activity of the plant pigments. Reflectance is a passive sensing technique that can capture differences in the concentration of the primary plant pigments. Fluorescence and reflectance were compared for their ability to measure levels of plant stress that are of agronomic importance in corn (Zea mays L.) crops. Laboratory LIF and reflectance spectra were made on excised leaves from field grown corn. Changes in the visible region of the spectrum were compared between groups of plants fertilized with seven different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization. A pulsed nitrogen laser emitting photons at a wavelength of 337 nm was used as a fluorescence excitation source. Differences in maximum intensity of fluorescence occurred at 440 nm, 525 nm, 685 nm, and 740 nm. Significant separations were found between levels of N fertilization at several LIF wavelength ratios. Several reflectance algorithms also produced significant separations between certain levels of N fertilization. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - McMurtrey, JEIII AU - Chappelle, E W AU - Kim AU - Meisinger, J J AU - Corp, LA AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 36 EP - 44 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Actively induced fluorescence KW - Field corn KW - Gas lasers KW - Nitrogen KW - Nitrogen fertilization levels KW - Optical variables measurement KW - Passive reflectance KW - Plants (botany) KW - Reflectometers KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fluorescence KW - Photons KW - Photosynthesis KW - Physiology KW - Algorithms KW - Metabolism KW - Crops KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W4 732.2:CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 941.3:OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Distinguishing+nitrogen+fertilization+levels+in+field+corn+%28Zea+mays+L.%29+with+actively+induced+fluorescence+and+passive+reflectance+measurements&rft.au=McMurtrey%2C+JEIII%3BChappelle%2C+E+W%3BKim%3BMeisinger%2C+J+J%3BCorp%2C+LA&rft.aulast=McMurtrey&rft.aufirst=JEIII&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluorescence; Photosynthesis; Photons; Physiology; Algorithms; Crops; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Delayed light emission and fluorescence responses of plants to chilling AN - 745652210; 102870 AB - Delayed light emission (DLE) of chlorophyll has the same excitation and emission spectra as chlorophyll fluorescence and was formerly called delayed fluorescence. DLE has a much longer time response than true chlorophyll fluorescence and is detectable for times ranging from milliseconds to many minutes. DLE is induced by back reactions of the photosynthetic pathway and therefore requires functional chloroplasts. It is detectable only in the dark following light excitation, yields very low energy, and decays very rapidly. DLE repetitively excited over time, which we term refreshed DLE (RDLE), shows a shoulder and broad peak in our measurements, indicating participation of at least two energy pools. DLE is altered by physiological stresses that affect chloroplasts or photosynthesis, and as illustration, plant species known to be very susceptible or very tolerant to chilling were exposed to chilling temperatures for varying times. RDLE at 0.3 s (the initial shoulder on our curves) rose in response to chilling damage in the susceptible species. The major RDLE peak was greatly inhibited in the susceptible species and showed only small changes in the tolerant species. Fluorescence measurements made on the chilling-tolerant species indicated similar responses and similar coefficients of determination were derived. These results indicate that measurement of precisely timed delayed light emission or of refreshed delayed light emission at a less precisely controlled time can be used to detect chilling stress. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Abbott, Judith A AU - Campbell, TAustin AU - Massie, David R AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 87 EP - 97 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Chilling KW - Chlorophyll KW - Chloroplasts KW - Delayed light emission (DLE) KW - Light emission KW - Low temperature effects KW - Optical variables measurement KW - Plants (botany) KW - Refreshed delayed light emission (RDLE) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fluorescence KW - Photosynthesis KW - Physiology KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 732.2:CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Delayed+light+emission+and+fluorescence+responses+of+plants+to+chilling&rft.au=Abbott%2C+Judith+A%3BCampbell%2C+TAustin%3BMassie%2C+David+R&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluorescence; Photosynthesis; Physiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatiles of ripe Flowering Quince (Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai) AN - 745652024; 92460 AB - The volatile components isolated from Flowering Quince fruit were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Nineteen compounds were identified of which hexanal, ethyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, linalool, trans-linalool oxide (furanoid), cis-linalool oxide (furanoid), alpha -terpineol, ethyl octanoate, Edulan I, ethyl (Z)-4-decenoate and ethyl p-methoxybenzoate were the major constituents. JF - Journal of Essential Oil Research AU - Horvat, Robert J AU - Chapman, Glenn WJr AU - Payne, Jerry A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 81 EP - 83 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1041-2905, 1041-2905 KW - Alcohols KW - Aldehydes KW - Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai KW - Composition KW - Distillation KW - Extraction KW - Fruits KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Plants (botany) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Esters KW - Gas chromatography KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - EE 801.1:CHEMISTRY (GENERAL) KW - W4 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - EE 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 801.1:CHEMISTRY (GENERAL) KW - EE 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.atitle=Volatiles+of+ripe+Flowering+Quince+%28Chaenomeles+speciosa+Nakai%29&rft.au=Horvat%2C+Robert+J%3BChapman%2C+Glenn+WJr%3BPayne%2C+Jerry+A&rft.aulast=Horvat&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.issn=10412905&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Extraction; Gas chromatography; Esters; Composition; Distillation; Mass spectrometry; Aldehydes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved HPLC method to purify erythrocyte cholesterol for estimation of in vivo cholesterol synthesis using the deuterium method AN - 744745855; 116414 AB - We report on an improved HPLC method to purify erythrocyte cholesterol for use in measuring in vivo cholesterol synthesis from super(2)H sub(2)O. The new procedure uses a smaller compression cartridge column at a flow rate of 3 mL/min. The new method reduces by almost tenfold the amount of solvent required to maintain the analytical purity of the isolated cholesterol. JF - Applied Radiation and Isotopes AU - Wong, William W AU - Hachey, David L AU - Clarke, Lucinda L AU - Zhang, Shide AU - Llaurador, Marisol AU - Pond, Wilson G AD - USDA, Houston, TX, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 529 EP - 533 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0969-8043, 0969-8043 KW - Chromatographic analysis KW - Erythrocytes KW - Heavy water KW - High performance liquid chromatography KW - Specimen preparation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biosynthesis KW - Cells KW - Solvents KW - Column chromatography KW - Purification KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744745855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Improved+HPLC+method+to+purify+erythrocyte+cholesterol+for+estimation+of+in+vivo+cholesterol+synthesis+using+the+deuterium+method&rft.au=Wong%2C+William+W%3BHachey%2C+David+L%3BClarke%2C+Lucinda+L%3BZhang%2C+Shide%3BLlaurador%2C+Marisol%3BPond%2C+Wilson+G&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biosynthesis; Cells; Solvents; Column chromatography; Purification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cryopreservation of porcine embryos by vitrification: A study of in vitro development. AN - 734108748; 16727509 AB - Until recently, attempts to preserve porcine embryos have been unsuccessful. Vitrification has been developed as a method of cryopreserving mammalian embryos by avoiding ice crystal formation, assuring a cryopreserved glass state during storage in liquid nitrogen. Vitrification may be a useful method of overcoming the deleterious effects of chilling injury when pig embryos are cryopreserved using conventional slow freezing procedures. In this study, we applied vitrification procedures for rodent and/or bovine embryos to cryopreserve porcine embryos. Following warming, survival was defined as normal development of embryos in culture, namely the formation or reexpansion of the blastocoelic cavity. Experiment 1 tested the relative toxicity of 3 vitrification procedures on Day-5, 6 and 7 porcine embryos. Embryos equilibrated in vitrification solution (VS3a) continued to develop in vitro at rates comparable to that of untreated control embryos. Experiment 2 was designed to evaluate embryonic development following cryopreservation by vitrification in VS3a. Day-5 porcine embryos did not survive cryopreservation while Day-6 and Day-7 embryos survived and continued development in vitro. In Experiment 3, we evaluated a period of culture prior to vitrification and its effect on cryosurvivability of porcine embryos. A 3-h culture period prior to vitrification had no effect on cryosurvivability over that of freshly recovered, immediately vitrified embryos. These studies indicate, for the first time, that porcine embryos can be successfully cryopreserved by vitrification based on morphology and subsequent development in vitro. However, survival following cryopreservation appears to depend upon embryonic age or stage of development. JF - Theriogenology AU - Dobrinsky, J R AU - Johnson, L A AD - Germplasm and Gamete Physiology Laboratory Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 25 EP - 35 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0093-691X, 0093-691X UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/734108748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theriogenology&rft.atitle=Cryopreservation+of+porcine+embryos+by+vitrification%3A+A+study+of+in+vitro+development.&rft.au=Dobrinsky%2C+J+R%3BJohnson%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Dobrinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theriogenology&rft.issn=0093691X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2012-10-02 N1 - Date created - 2006-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in Drug Use: A Comparison of Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas of the United States from 1975 to 1991 AN - 61374527; 9506936 AB - Data collected 1975-1991, via the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, are used to report trends in lifetime-use patterns of marijuana, hallucinogens, inhalants, & cocaine by age group for large & small metropolitan & nonmetroplitan areas of the US. Convergence & divergence in rates of use are noted. Findings may be helpful to cooperative extension specialists, other educators, & substance abuse prevention & treatment personnel. 2 Tables, 4 Figures, 16 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Family Economics Review AU - Robertson, Elizabeth B AD - Family Economics Research Group USDA/ARS, Federal Bldg Rm 439A Hyattsville MD 20782 Tel: 301-436-8461 Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 SP - 2 EP - 10 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0425-676X, 0425-676X KW - marijuana/hallucinogen/inhalant/cocaine use patterns, US, 1975-1991 KW - national household survey KW - Psychedelic Drugs KW - United States of America KW - Cocaine KW - Marijuana KW - Drug Use KW - article KW - 2079: sociology of health and medicine; substance use/abuse & compulsive behaviors (drug abuse, addiction, alcoholism, gambling, eating disorders, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61374527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Family+Economics+Review&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Drug+Use%3A+A+Comparison+of+Metropolitan+and+Nonmetropolitan+Areas+of+the+United+States+from+1975+to+1991&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Elizabeth+B&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Family+Economics+Review&rft.issn=0425676X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - FEREDF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marijuana; Drug Use; Cocaine; Psychedelic Drugs; United States of America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensible heat flux-radiometric surface temperature relationship for eight semiarid areas AN - 52764928; 1997-010296 JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Stewart, J B AU - Kustas, W P AU - Humes, K S AU - Nichols, W D AU - Moran, M S AU - de Bruin, H A R Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1110 EP - 1117 PB - American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA VL - 33 SN - 0021-8952, 0021-8952 KW - soils KW - eolian features KW - terrestrial environment KW - semi-arid environment KW - velocity KW - vegetation KW - interpretation KW - winds KW - deserts KW - climate KW - temperature KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52764928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Sensible+heat+flux-radiometric+surface+temperature+relationship+for+eight+semiarid+areas&rft.au=Stewart%2C+J+B%3BKustas%2C+W+P%3BHumes%2C+K+S%3BNichols%2C+W+D%3BMoran%2C+M+S%3Bde+Bruin%2C+H+A+R&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.issn=00218952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - MA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JAMOAX N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate; deserts; eolian features; interpretation; semi-arid environment; soils; temperature; terrestrial environment; vegetation; velocity; winds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silt flow in soils AN - 52750344; 1997-025362 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Nettleton, W D AU - Brasher, B R AU - Baumer, O W AU - Darmody, R G A2 - Ringrose-Voase, A. J. A2 - Humphreys, G. S. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 361 EP - 371 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 22 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Idaho KW - pedogenesis KW - Illinois KW - micromorphology KW - clastic sediments KW - textures KW - Missouri KW - grain size KW - silt KW - porosity KW - morphology KW - size distribution KW - transport KW - mixing KW - Indiana KW - sediments KW - horizons KW - image analysis KW - argillaceous texture KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52750344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Silt+flow+in+soils&rft.au=Nettleton%2C+W+D%3BBrasher%2C+B+R%3BBaumer%2C+O+W%3BDarmody%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Nettleton&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=0444897925&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - ISSS, Sub-Commission of Soil Micromorphology; IX international working meeting on Soil micromorphology; studies in management and genesis N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, 2 plates N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - argillaceous texture; clastic sediments; grain size; horizons; Idaho; Illinois; image analysis; Indiana; micromorphology; Missouri; mixing; morphology; pedogenesis; porosity; sediments; silt; size distribution; soils; textures; transport; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Micromorphology of polygenetic soils in a small watershed, north central Kansas, U.S.A. AN - 52750310; 1997-025350 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Wehmueller, W A AU - Ransom, M D AU - Nettleton, W D A2 - Ringrose-Voase, A. J. A2 - Humphreys, G. S. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 247 EP - 255 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 22 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - United States KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - soil profiles KW - north-central Kansas KW - sulfates KW - micromorphology KW - prairies KW - alkali metals KW - sodium KW - morphology KW - Kansas KW - Ustolls KW - metals KW - Konza Prairie Research Natural Area KW - gypsum KW - classification KW - parent materials KW - paleosols KW - calcium carbonate KW - polyphase processes KW - Mollisols KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52750310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Micromorphology+of+polygenetic+soils+in+a+small+watershed%2C+north+central+Kansas%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Wehmueller%2C+W+A%3BRansom%2C+M+D%3BNettleton%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Wehmueller&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=0444897925&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - ISSS, Sub-Commission of Soil Micromorphology; IX international working meeting on Soil micromorphology; studies in management and genesis N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Document feature - 2 plates, 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; calcium carbonate; classification; gypsum; Kansas; Konza Prairie Research Natural Area; metals; micromorphology; Mollisols; morphology; north-central Kansas; paleosols; parent materials; pedogenesis; polyphase processes; prairies; sodium; soil profiles; soils; sulfates; United States; Ustolls ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A coordinated approach to watershed protection AN - 52724278; 1997-037691 JF - Proceedings - Water Resources Symposium (Indiana) AU - Gossett, Charles J A2 - Turco, Ronald F. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 31 EP - 32 PB - Indiana Water Resources Association, Indianapolis, IN VL - 15 KW - protection KW - water quality KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - water resources KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52724278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Water+Resources+Symposium+%28Indiana%29&rft.atitle=A+coordinated+approach+to+watershed+protection&rft.au=Gossett%2C+Charles+J&rft.aulast=Gossett&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Water+Resources+Symposium+%28Indiana%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fifteenth annual water resources symposium on Understanding, managing, and protecting Indiana's watersheds N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - IN N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #02793 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ground water; pollution; protection; water quality; water resources; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial pattern analysis of sagebrush vegetation and potential influences on hydrology and erosion AN - 52381662; 2000-024671 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Spaeth, K E AU - Weltz, Mark A AU - Fox, H Dale AU - Pierson, Frederick B, Jr A2 - Blackburn, Wilbert H. A2 - Pierson, Frederick B., Jr. A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Zartman, R. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 35 EP - 51 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 38 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Idaho KW - Plantae KW - patterns KW - erosion KW - slopes KW - rainfall KW - water erosion KW - landforms KW - equations KW - vegetation KW - variations KW - Wyoming KW - spatial distribution KW - Reynolds Creek KW - factors KW - mathematical methods KW - Owyhee County Idaho KW - soil erosion KW - climate KW - growth KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52381662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Spatial+pattern+analysis+of+sagebrush+vegetation+and+potential+influences+on+hydrology+and+erosion&rft.au=Spaeth%2C+K+E%3BWeltz%2C+Mark+A%3BFox%2C+H+Dale%3BPierson%2C+Frederick+B%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Spaeth&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=0891188126&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Variability in rangeland water erosion processes N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate; equations; erosion; factors; growth; hydrology; Idaho; landforms; mathematical methods; Owyhee County Idaho; patterns; Plantae; rainfall; Reynolds Creek; slopes; soil erosion; soils; spatial distribution; United States; variations; vegetation; water erosion; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mobility of strychnine in four Colorado soils; the sorption/desorption of the parent compound AN - 52210510; 2001-055939 JF - Abstracts - Annual Meeting - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) AU - Timm, R W AU - Starr, R I AU - Hurlbut, D B AU - Goodall, M J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 160 PB - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, [location varies] VL - 15 KW - United States KW - soils KW - concentration KW - sorption KW - desorption KW - cation exchange capacity KW - textures KW - pollutants KW - alkaloids KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - organic compounds KW - loam KW - sampling KW - total organic carbon KW - movement KW - hydrocarbons KW - strychnine KW - Colorado KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52210510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+-+Annual+Meeting+-+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC%29&rft.atitle=Mobility+of+strychnine+in+four+Colorado+soils%3B+the+sorption%2Fdesorption+of+the+parent+compound&rft.au=Timm%2C+R+W%3BStarr%2C+R+I%3BHurlbut%2C+D+B%3BGoodall%2C+M+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Timm&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+-+Annual+Meeting+-+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fifteenth annual meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04767 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaloids; cation exchange capacity; Colorado; concentration; desorption; environmental analysis; hydrocarbons; loam; movement; organic compounds; pH; pollutants; pollution; sampling; soils; sorption; strychnine; textures; total organic carbon; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogeochemical processes in hydric soil formation AN - 52163133; 2002-001249 JF - Current Topics in Wetland Biogeochemistry AU - Mausbach, M J AU - Richardson, J L Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 68 EP - 127 PB - Louisiana State University, Wetland Biogeochemistry Institute, Baton Rouge, LA VL - 1 SN - 1076-4674, 1076-4674 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - pedogenesis KW - biochemistry KW - drainage KW - ground water KW - mires KW - biogenic processes KW - fens KW - wetlands KW - hydric soils KW - climate effects KW - landscapes KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52163133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Topics+in+Wetland+Biogeochemistry&rft.atitle=Biogeochemical+processes+in+hydric+soil+formation&rft.au=Mausbach%2C+M+J%3BRichardson%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Mausbach&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Topics+in+Wetland+Biogeochemistry&rft.issn=10764674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 190 N1 - PubXState - LA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch map, sects., 1 table, block diag. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemistry; biogenic processes; climate effects; drainage; fens; ground water; hydric soils; hydrology; landscapes; mires; pedogenesis; soils; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constructed wetlands handbook AN - 51448405; 2007-045261 JF - Special Publication - United States. Bureau of Mines AU - Davis, Luise K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 409 PB - U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC SN - 0731-762X, 0731-762X KW - constructed wetlands KW - acid mine drainage KW - wetlands KW - mining geology KW - pollution KW - waste disposal KW - remediation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51448405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.atitle=Constructed+wetlands+handbook&rft.au=Davis%2C+Luise+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Luise&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.issn=0731762X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International land reclamation and mine drainage conference; International conference on The abatement of acidic drainage N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; constructed wetlands; mining geology; pollution; remediation; waste disposal; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction and performance of anoxic limestone drains installed to treat acid mine drainage on abandoned mine lands in West Virginia AN - 51446126; 2007-045303 JF - Special Publication - United States. Bureau of Mines AU - Yednock, Bernie AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 430 PB - U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC SN - 0731-762X, 0731-762X KW - United States KW - water quality KW - mines KW - monitoring KW - acid mine drainage KW - Monongalia County West Virginia KW - pollution KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - anaerobic environment KW - calcium carbonate KW - alkalinity KW - pH KW - abandoned mines KW - West Virginia KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51446126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.atitle=Construction+and+performance+of+anoxic+limestone+drains+installed+to+treat+acid+mine+drainage+on+abandoned+mine+lands+in+West+Virginia&rft.au=Yednock%2C+Bernie%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Yednock&rft.aufirst=Bernie&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.issn=0731762X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International land reclamation and mine drainage conference; International conference on The abatement of acidic drainage N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; alkalinity; anaerobic environment; calcium carbonate; ground water; mines; monitoring; Monongalia County West Virginia; pH; pollution; remediation; United States; water quality; West Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Entomopalynological techniques used in the search for migratory and feeding habits of adult corn earworm, celery looper, and cabbage looper moths AN - 51107448; 2006-061033 JF - Palynology AU - Bryant, Vaughn M, Jr AU - Lingren, Pete D AU - Pendleton, Michael W AU - Jones, Gretchen AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 239 PB - American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Dallas, TX VL - 18 SN - 0191-6122, 0191-6122 KW - United States KW - methods KW - migration KW - diet KW - Vermes KW - agriculture KW - Texas KW - Oklahoma KW - nutrition KW - pollen KW - Arthropoda KW - Mandibulata KW - palynomorphs KW - miospores KW - Invertebrata KW - ecology KW - pesticides KW - Insecta KW - 10:Invertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51107448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palynology&rft.atitle=Entomopalynological+techniques+used+in+the+search+for+migratory+and+feeding+habits+of+adult+corn+earworm%2C+celery+looper%2C+and+cabbage+looper+moths&rft.au=Bryant%2C+Vaughn+M%2C+Jr%3BLingren%2C+Pete+D%3BPendleton%2C+Michael+W%3BJones%2C+Gretchen%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Vaughn&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Palynology&rft.issn=01916122&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01916122.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-sixth annual meeting of the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Arthropoda; diet; ecology; Insecta; Invertebrata; Mandibulata; methods; migration; miospores; nutrition; Oklahoma; palynomorphs; pesticides; pollen; Texas; United States; Vermes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface reclamation of the Big Lake oil field AN - 50964564; 1995-009293 JF - Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts - American Association of Petroleum Geologists AU - Weathers, Michael L AU - Moore, Kenneth R AU - Ford, Donald B AU - Curlee, Charles K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 280 PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK VL - 1994 SN - 0094-0038, 0094-0038 KW - United States KW - reclamation KW - Big Lake Field KW - fresh water KW - petroleum KW - terraces KW - salt water KW - production KW - oil and gas fields KW - evaporation ponds KW - topography KW - sedimentary rocks KW - percolation KW - discharge KW - hydrology KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - soil profiles KW - Reagan County Texas KW - drainage KW - injection KW - Texas KW - evaporites KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - salt KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50964564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+Expanded+Abstracts+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.atitle=Surface+reclamation+of+the+Big+Lake+oil+field&rft.au=Weathers%2C+Michael+L%3BMoore%2C+Kenneth+R%3BFord%2C+Donald+B%3BCurlee%2C+Charles+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Weathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1994&rft.issue=&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+Expanded+Abstracts+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.issn=00940038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AAPG annual convention N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - APGAB2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Big Lake Field; chemically precipitated rocks; discharge; drainage; evaporation ponds; evaporites; fresh water; hydrology; injection; leaching; oil and gas fields; percolation; petroleum; production; Reagan County Texas; reclamation; salt; salt water; sedimentary rocks; soil profiles; terraces; Texas; topography; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soils, geomorphology, and multiple displacements along the Organ Mountains Fault in southern New Mexico AN - 50962904; 1995-009934 AB - This report discusses the features of soils, geomorphic relations of different terrace, fan, and arroyo surfaces, and sediments in the Organ Mountains in relationship to pre-Holocene and Holocene fault displacements and the associated earthquake activity. Discussions include the soil pH, texture and colour (wet and dry); tables give considerable particle size data. A useful glossary is included at the end. JF - Bulletin - New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources AU - Gile, Leland H Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 91 PB - New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM SN - 0096-4581, 0096-4581 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Organ Mountains Fault KW - southern New Mexico KW - Quaternary KW - Otero County New Mexico KW - landform description KW - New Mexico KW - displacements KW - Holocene KW - Cenozoic KW - mountains KW - scarps KW - upper Holocene KW - fault scarps KW - faults KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 16:Structural geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50962904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gile%2C+Leland+H&rft.aulast=Gile&rft.aufirst=Leland&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Soils%2C+geomorphology%2C+and+multiple+displacements+along+the+Organ+Mountains+Fault+in+southern+New+Mexico&rft.title=Soils%2C+geomorphology%2C+and+multiple+displacements+along+the+Organ+Mountains+Fault+in+southern+New+Mexico&rft.issn=00964581&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - PubXState - NM N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. block diag., 25 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NEXBAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; displacements; fault scarps; faults; Holocene; landform description; mountains; New Mexico; Organ Mountains Fault; Otero County New Mexico; Quaternary; scarps; soils; southern New Mexico; United States; upper Holocene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of groundwater and artificial recharge in future water resources management AN - 50178544; 1995-012814 JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Bouwer, Herman A2 - Soveri, J. A2 - Suokko, T. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 491 EP - 497 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences, [Louvain] VL - 222 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - protection KW - water quality KW - recharge KW - conservation KW - artificial recharge KW - water management KW - pollution KW - pesticides KW - nitrate ion KW - water resources KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50178544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Role+of+groundwater+and+artificial+recharge+in+future+water+resources+management&rft.au=Bouwer%2C+Herman&rft.aulast=Bouwer&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Future groundwater resources at risk N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - artificial recharge; conservation; ground water; nitrate ion; pesticides; pollution; protection; recharge; water management; water quality; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Possible mastodon gastrointestinal and fecal contents from the late Pleistocene of the Hiscock Site, western New York State AN - 50171484; 1995-018712 JF - Bulletin - New York State Museum (1976) AU - Laub, Richard S AU - Dufort, Catherine A AU - Christensen, Donna J A2 - Landing, Ed Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 135 EP - 148 PB - University of The State of New York, State Department of Education, Albany, NY VL - 481 SN - 0278-3355, 0278-3355 KW - United States KW - Spermatophyta KW - western New York KW - Mastodontoidea KW - herbivorous taxa KW - Coniferales KW - paleoecology KW - upper Pleistocene KW - Cenozoic KW - Theria KW - gastrointestinal content KW - Picea KW - Larix KW - Mastodon KW - Mastodontidae KW - ecology KW - Eutheria KW - Plantae KW - Chordata KW - Quaternary KW - Gymnospermae KW - Mammalia KW - Proboscidea KW - Hiscock Site KW - habitat KW - nutrition KW - New York KW - Byron New York KW - Genesee County New York KW - Pinaceae KW - Pleistocene KW - Vertebrata KW - Tetrapoda KW - 11:Vertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50171484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+-+New+York+State+Museum+%281976%29&rft.atitle=Possible+mastodon+gastrointestinal+and+fecal+contents+from+the+late+Pleistocene+of+the+Hiscock+Site%2C+western+New+York+State&rft.au=Laub%2C+Richard+S%3BDufort%2C+Catherine+A%3BChristensen%2C+Donna+J&rft.aulast=Laub&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=481&rft.issue=&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+-+New+York+State+Museum+%281976%29&rft.issn=02783355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NMUBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Byron New York; Cenozoic; Chordata; Coniferales; ecology; Eutheria; gastrointestinal content; Genesee County New York; Gymnospermae; habitat; herbivorous taxa; Hiscock Site; Larix; Mammalia; Mastodon; Mastodontidae; Mastodontoidea; New York; nutrition; paleoecology; Picea; Pinaceae; Plantae; Pleistocene; Proboscidea; Quaternary; Spermatophyta; Tetrapoda; Theria; United States; upper Pleistocene; Vertebrata; western New York ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erosion, transport, and deposition of soil carbon in a headwater catchment during cotton cultivation in the Georgia Piedmont AN - 50141804; 1995-045659 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Huntington, T G AU - Markewich, H W AU - Lynn, W C AU - Johnson, C E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 301 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 26 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - erosion KW - Appalachians KW - cores KW - Atlanta Georgia KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Fulton County Georgia KW - sampling KW - Panola Mountain Research Watershed KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - drainage basins KW - horizons KW - soil erosion KW - soils KW - North America KW - sediment transport KW - colluvium KW - clastic sediments KW - agriculture KW - saprolite KW - deposition KW - alluvium KW - Georgia KW - fluvial environment KW - clastic rocks KW - Piedmont KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50141804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Erosion%2C+transport%2C+and+deposition+of+soil+carbon+in+a+headwater+catchment+during+cotton+cultivation+in+the+Georgia+Piedmont&rft.au=Huntington%2C+T+G%3BMarkewich%2C+H+W%3BLynn%2C+W+C%3BJohnson%2C+C+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Huntington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1994 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; alluvium; Appalachians; Atlanta Georgia; carbon; clastic rocks; clastic sediments; colluvium; cores; deposition; drainage basins; erosion; fluvial environment; Fulton County Georgia; Georgia; horizons; North America; Panola Mountain Research Watershed; Piedmont; sampling; saprolite; sediment transport; sedimentary rocks; sediments; soil erosion; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen isotope analysis of high-nitrate and other karst waters and leached sediments at Friar's Hole Cave, West Virginia AN - 50116319; 1995-060597 JF - Special Publication - Karst Waters Institute AU - Jameson, Roy A AU - Boyer, Douglas G AU - Alexander, E Calvin, Jr Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 36 EP - 37 PB - Karst Waters Institute, Charles Town, WV VL - 1 KW - United States KW - thallophytes KW - limestone KW - fertilizers KW - saltpeter KW - agricultural waste KW - isotopes KW - karst hydrology KW - karst KW - stable isotopes KW - Greenbrier County West Virginia KW - nitrogen KW - ground water KW - Friar's Hole Cave KW - sedimentary rocks KW - sediments KW - Nitrobacter KW - nitrate ion KW - geochemistry KW - West Virginia KW - concentration KW - Plantae KW - N-15/N-14 KW - pollutants KW - isotope ratios KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - Snedegar's Cave KW - genesis KW - bacteria KW - waste disposal KW - carbonate rocks KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50116319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publication+-+Karst+Waters+Institute&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+isotope+analysis+of+high-nitrate+and+other+karst+waters+and+leached+sediments+at+Friar%27s+Hole+Cave%2C+West+Virginia&rft.au=Jameson%2C+Roy+A%3BBoyer%2C+Douglas+G%3BAlexander%2C+E+Calvin%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Jameson&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=0964025809&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Publication+-+Karst+Waters+Institute&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Breakthroughs in karst geomicrobiology and redox geochemistry symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - #03893 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; bacteria; carbonate rocks; concentration; fertilizers; Friar's Hole Cave; genesis; geochemistry; Greenbrier County West Virginia; ground water; hydrochemistry; isotope ratios; isotopes; karst; karst hydrology; limestone; N-15/N-14; nitrate ion; Nitrobacter; nitrogen; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; saltpeter; sedimentary rocks; sediments; Snedegar's Cave; stable isotopes; thallophytes; United States; waste disposal; West Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Micromorphology of loess deposits and inclusive Paleosols of the middle Mississippi River valley AN - 50091960; 1995-069698 JF - Program and Abstracts - American Quaternary Association. Conference AU - Wysocki, Douglas AU - Rutledge, Moye AU - Ward, Larry AU - Markewich, Helaine AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 188 PB - American Quaternary Association, Seattle, WA VL - 13 SN - 0741-059X, 0741-059X KW - United States KW - soils KW - Peoria Loess KW - pedogenesis KW - Roxana Silt KW - Quaternary KW - Mississippi Valley KW - micromorphology KW - clastic sediments KW - Loveland Loess KW - Midcontinent KW - Crowley's Ridge Silt KW - upper Pleistocene KW - Cenozoic KW - Sangamonian KW - sediments KW - Pleistocene KW - loess KW - paleosols KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50091960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+American+Quaternary+Association.+Conference&rft.atitle=Micromorphology+of+loess+deposits+and+inclusive+Paleosols+of+the+middle+Mississippi+River+valley&rft.au=Wysocki%2C+Douglas%3BRutledge%2C+Moye%3BWard%2C+Larry%3BMarkewich%2C+Helaine%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wysocki&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+American+Quaternary+Association.+Conference&rft.issn=0741059X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Quaternary Association, 13th biennial meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AMQUAM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; clastic sediments; Crowley's Ridge Silt; loess; Loveland Loess; micromorphology; Midcontinent; Mississippi Valley; paleosols; pedogenesis; Peoria Loess; Pleistocene; Quaternary; Roxana Silt; Sangamonian; sediments; soils; United States; upper Pleistocene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of spatial variability on interpretive modeling AN - 50085013; 1996-010337 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Wilding, L P AU - Bouma, J AU - Goss, Don W A2 - Bryant, Ray B. A2 - Arnold, Richard W. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 61 EP - 75 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 39 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - soil profiles KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - geostatistics KW - simulation KW - models KW - spatial variations KW - algorithms KW - landscapes KW - interpretation KW - regression analysis KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50085013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Impact+of+spatial+variability+on+interpretive+modeling&rft.au=Wilding%2C+L+P%3BBouma%2C+J%3BGoss%2C+Don+W&rft.aulast=Wilding&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Quantitative modeling of soil forming processes N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; data processing; geostatistics; interpretation; landscapes; models; pedogenesis; regression analysis; simulation; soil profiles; soils; spatial variations; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of trends and long-term fluctuations of rainfall on watershed runoff AN - 26419234; 2001-33-004314 (CE); 0176464 (EN) AB - This study investigates the impact of long-term trends and fluctuations in rainfall characteristics on runoff from the Little Washita River watershed. For this 610 km super(2) watershed, mean daily discharge, peak flow, flow frequency, and volume increased significantly over a 22-year period, despite the installation of floodwater retarding structures which controlled 45% of the drainage area. Changes in runoff are shown to be associated with long-term increases in rainfall amount, intensity, and frequency. Time series analyses of rainfall and watershed runoff demonstrated that changes in rainfall patterns and amounts can mask the beneficial impacts of floodwater retarding structures. Concurrent meteorologic conditions, must be measured and evaluated for proper interpretation of downstream impacts of upstream conservation measures. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Fernandez, G P AU - Garbrecht, J AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Durant, OK, USA PY - 1994 SP - 1841 EP - 1844 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Rainfall KW - Watersheds KW - Runoff KW - Retarding KW - Floodwaters KW - Fluctuation KW - Drainage control KW - Discharge KW - Rivers KW - Drainage measurement KW - Installation KW - Article KW - EE 442.1:FLOOD CONTROL KW - EE 444.1:SURFACE WATER KW - EE 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS (EN) KW - EE 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26419234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Effect+of+trends+and+long-term+fluctuations+of+rainfall+on+watershed+runoff&rft.au=Fernandez%2C+G+P%3BGarbrecht%2C+J&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilization of protein-rich ethanol co-products from corn in tilapia feed AN - 21329194; 11716586 AB - Corn distiller's grains with solubles (CDGS), which is the residue from ethanol fermentation of corn, were incorporated in tilapia (a warm-water fish) diets that contained either 36% protein without fish meal or 32% protein with and without fish meal. A 103-day feeding study indicated that the three diets containing CDGS resulted in higher weights of tilapia than fish fed a commercial fish feed containing 36% protein and fish meal. The difference in weight gains between 32 and 36% protein diets was not significant. Incorporating fish meal (6%) in diet had no advantage over a diet without fish meal. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Wu, Y Victor AU - Rosati, Ronald AU - Sessa, David J AU - Brown, Paul AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1041 EP - 1043 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Oil KW - Feeding KW - Fermentation KW - Grain KW - Proteins KW - Tilapia KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21329194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+protein-rich+ethanol+co-products+from+corn+in+tilapia+feed&rft.au=Wu%2C+Y+Victor%3BRosati%2C+Ronald%3BSessa%2C+David+J%3BBrown%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1041&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02542277 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Diets; Feeding; Fermentation; Grain; Proteins; Ethanol; Tilapia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02542277 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of linoleic acid to 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid byFlavobacterium sp. (NRRL B-14859) AN - 21252757; 11716573 AB - A new microbial isolate,Flavobacterium sp. strain DS5, converts linoleic acid into 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid (10-HOA) with 55% yield. The product was characterized by gas chromatography (GC), GC/mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The specific optical rotation of 10-HOA is [a] D =-5.58 (methanol). The optimum time, pH and temperature for the production of 10-HOA were 36h, 7.5 and 20--35°C, respectively. The enzyme(s) that converts linoleic acid to 10-HOA is soluble and located intracellulary in strain DS5. Two minor products, 10-methoxy-12-octade-cenoic acid and 10-keto-12-octadecenoic acid, were also identified. 10-HOA was further metabolized by strain DS5. Among the unsaturated fatty acids studied, the order of reactivity for the DS5 enzyme(s) is oleic>palmitoleic> linoleic>linolenic>g-linolenic>myristoleic acid. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 975 EP - 978 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Oil KW - I.R. spectroscopy KW - Gas chromatography KW - Methanol KW - Fatty acids KW - N.M.R. KW - pH effects KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Linoleic acid KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21252757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+linoleic+acid+to+10-hydroxy-12%28Z%29-octadecenoic+acid+byFlavobacterium+sp.+%28NRRL+B-14859%29&rft.au=Hou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Ching&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02542264 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Temperature effects; Gas chromatography; I.R. spectroscopy; Methanol; Fatty acids; N.M.R.; pH effects; Mass spectroscopy; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02542264 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of eicosapentaenoic acid from fungal mycelia by solvent extraction AN - 21250623; 11716568 AB - Utilization of lipids containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) produced by microorganisms requires processes for their efficient recovery from microbial cells. Recovery of EPA from mycelia of the fungusPythium irregulare by solvent extraction with hexane-isopropanol (HIP) in a pilot-plant colloid mill was investigated. Extraction efficiencies of 96% for lipid and EPA were achieved with a 3∶ 2 (vol/vol) HIP mixture by milling wet, filtered mycelia for 5 min at a solvent/dry solids ratio of 100 L/kg. The process yielded a crude extract that contained up to 96% lipid and an EPA content as high as 24% (with no selectivity for EPA). JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - O'Brien, Dennis J AU - Senske, Gerard E AD - USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 East Mermaid Lane, 19118 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 947 EP - 950 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Oil KW - Colloids KW - Lipids KW - Eicosapentaenoic acid KW - Solvents KW - Microorganisms KW - Mycelia KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21250623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+eicosapentaenoic+acid+from+fungal+mycelia+by+solvent+extraction&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Dennis+J%3BSenske%2C+Gerard+E&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02542259 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Colloids; Lipids; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Microorganisms; Solvents; Mycelia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02542259 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Playing the Edge. Motivation and Risk Taking in a High-Altitude Wilderness Like Environment AN - 20812162; 10903802 AB - Activities in a natural environment that involve risk and danger to the participant have become more popular over the last decade. This article describes a study on the motivations for high-altitude mountaineering at Mount McKinley in Denali National Park, Alaska. Using a principal components factor analysis, five factors emerged, accounting for 92% of the explained variance. Overall, scale items such as exhilaration, excitement, and accomplishment appeared as important motivating variables. Risk taking as a motivating variable did not generate a high level of motivational importance. Based on experience levels in mountaineering, a number of differences were observed in the patterns of motivational importance. The findings suggest that participants in risk recreation report different patterns of motivations that are contingent on their levels of experience. JF - Environment & Behavior AU - Ewert, Alan W AD - USDA Forest Service Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - Jan 1994 SP - 3 EP - 24 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9165, 0013-9165 KW - Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - principal components analysis KW - national parks KW - Wilderness KW - USA, Alaska, Denali Natl. Park KW - risk taking KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20812162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+%26+Behavior&rft.atitle=Playing+the+Edge.+Motivation+and+Risk+Taking+in+a+High-Altitude+Wilderness+Like+Environment&rft.au=Ewert%2C+Alan+W&rft.aulast=Ewert&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Nonproliferation+Review&rft.issn=10736700&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10736700.2012.734185 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Alaska, Denali Natl. Park; USA, Alaska; risk taking; principal components analysis; Wilderness; national parks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916594261001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory policies for groundwater quality protection AN - 1849296714; 2016-103733 JF - American Water Resources Association Technical Publication Series AU - Kim, C S AU - Sandretto, Carmen Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 263 EP - 270 PB - AWRA - American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD VL - TPS-94-4 SN - 1070-6763, 1070-6763 KW - protection KW - models KW - water quality KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - pollution KW - policy KW - nitrate ion KW - cost KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1849296714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Water+Resources+Association+Technical+Publication+Series&rft.atitle=Regulatory+policies+for+groundwater+quality+protection&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BSandretto%2C+Carmen&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=TPS-94-4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Water+Resources+Association+Technical+Publication+Series&rft.issn=10706763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association 30th annual conference; national symposium on Water quality N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cost; ground water; models; nitrate ion; policy; pollutants; pollution; protection; regulations; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture. I. Effects on seed yield and soil aggregation AN - 17132103; 4436792 AB - Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi colonize plant roots and the surrounding bulk soil. They transport mineral nutrients from the soil to the plant and carbon compounds from the plant to the soil, and have pervasive effects on plant form and function and on the composition of the soil microbiota. This experiment evaluated VAM effects on plants and soil to determine if VAM fungi mediate a relationship between changes in seed yield and soil aggregation. In a pot experiment with peas, an isolate of the VAM fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe did not significantly affect seed yield (8%), but improved soil aggregation by 400% in one soil, a gray silt-loam high in organic matter (OM) and phosphorus. In another soil, a yellow clay-loam low in OM and phosphorus, seed yield was enhanced significantly (57%), but there was only a small change (50%) in aggregation. The results suggest that carbon allocation between the plant (measured as seed yield) and the soil (measured as the formation of water-stable aggregates) is influenced by this VAM fungus. The soil appeared to gain carbon at the expense of carbon lost by the plant. Mycorrhizal fungi thus seem to affect two biologically controlled aspects of sustainable agriculture: plant production and soil quality. JF - American Journal of Alternative Agriculture AU - Bethlenfalvay, G J AU - Barea, J-M AD - USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory (HCRL), Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 157 EP - 161 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0889-1893, 0889-1893 KW - roots KW - seeds KW - yield KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Vigna KW - Glomus mosseae KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17132103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizae+in+sustainable+agriculture.+I.+Effects+on+seed+yield+and+soil+aggregation&rft.au=Bethlenfalvay%2C+G+J%3BBarea%2C+J-M&rft.aulast=Bethlenfalvay&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.issn=08891893&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glomus mosseae; Vigna ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenolic acid content of vegetative propagules of Potamogeton spp. and Hydrilla verticillata AN - 17083589; 3899096 AB - Plant phenols serve as defenses against attack by microorganisms and herbivores. Phenolic acid content of propagules of submersed aquatic plants were measured for three Potamogeton species and two biotypes of Hydrilla verticillata. Mean phenolic acid content ranged from 6.9 plus or minus 0.9 (mean plus or minus standard error) to 53.1 plus or minus 7.3 mu M/gdw. Turions of monoecious Hydrilla verticillata had the lowest phenolic acid content while Potamogeton gramineus winter buds had the highest phenolic acid content. In general Potamogeton propagules had higher phenol contents than Hydrilla propagules. Within species there was no significant negative relationship between propagule nitrogen content (%) and phenolic acid content, but across species phenolic acid content increased with increasing nitrogen content. This information will be useful in assessing the susceptibility of aquatic weeds to biological control techniques. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Aquatic Weed Control Res. Lab., Sect. Plant Biol., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 71 EP - 73 VL - 32 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Potamogeton KW - aquatic weed control KW - aquatic weeds KW - defense mechanisms KW - herbivores KW - tissue analysis KW - vegetative reproduction KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - nitrogen KW - phenols KW - carbon KW - weeds KW - survival KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17083589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Phenolic+acid+content+of+vegetative+propagules+of+Potamogeton+spp.+and+Hydrilla+verticillata&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbivores; phenols; carbon; aquatic plants; weeds; survival; vegetative reproduction; nitrogen; aquatic weed control; aquatic weeds; tissue analysis; Potamogeton; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of some phytopathogenic fungi and their metabolites on growth of Heliothis virescens (F.) and its host plants AN - 17068251; 3887765 AB - Eleven fungal isolates and their secondary metabolites incorporated into artificial diet were tested for oral toxicity to the tobacco budworm (TBW) by examining larval weight, efficiency of conversion of ingested food to body tissue (ECI), pupal weight, days to pupation, and mortality. Two isolates of Alternaria alternata, two isolates of Fusarium moniliforme, three isolates of F. oxysporum and an isolated of F. solani reduced larval weight 90-99% after 7 days and inhibited pupation. ECI was reduced 34-96% in control groups. One isolate of A. alternata reduced pupal weight by 67% and increased the time to pupation three-fold. One isolate of Cladosporium cladosporioides reduced larval weights by 56% and pupal weights by 7%. In a preference test of these isolates incorporated at a 1:4 ratio into artificial diet, 48% of the larvae were found on diet cubes containing autoclaved rice, 19% on standard diet, 10% on C. cladosporioides, 6-9% on F. solani, 8% on A. alternata and 3% on F. moniliforme. The fusarial toxins, T-2 and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), were the most active compounds against TBW larvae among the 10 microbial toxins tested. T-2 toxin reduced larval weight by 87%, reduced ECI by 62%, reduced pupal weight by 33% and delayed pupation by 1 week. DAS caused similar but less severe effects than T-2 toxin. AAL-toxin inhibited growth and reduced pupal weights by 20% and 13%, respectively. A. alternata, F. moniliforme and F. solani were also phytotoxic to alfalfa (Medicago sativa), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and wild geranium (Geranium dissectum), which are early season plant hosts of TBW. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Mulrooney, JE AD - USDA/ARS, SWSL and USDA/ARS, ATRU, PO Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 77 EP - 87 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - metabolites KW - Cladosporium cladosporioides KW - Alternaria alternata KW - Heliothis virescens KW - growth KW - A 01014:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17068251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+some+phytopathogenic+fungi+and+their+metabolites+on+growth+of+Heliothis+virescens+%28F.%29+and+its+host+plants&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BMulrooney%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolites; growth; Fusarium moniliforme; Cladosporium cladosporioides; Heliothis virescens; Alternaria alternata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and its relationship to eight sugar beet furo-like viruses from the United States AN - 17068171; 3891822 AB - The degree of relatedness among five beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) isolates and eight other rigid, rod-shaped viruses coined beet soilborne mosaic virus (BSBMV) isolated from sugar beet roots from the United States was evaluated by serology, electron microscopy, fungal transmission, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and host range. Polyclonal antisera to the C-terminal 60 amino acids of the BNYVV coat protein (CP), the 14- and 75-kDa nonstructural proteins, and seven monoclonal antibodies were specific to BNYVV in Western blots. Antisera to the BNYVV CP and its cloned CP reacted strongly with the 22-kDa CP of the BNYVV isolates, but weakly with the 24-kDa CP of the BSBMV. Antisera to the 42-kDa BNYVV nonstructural protein reacted with a 42-kDa protein of all BNYVV isolates and with a 44-kDa protein of all but one BSBMV isolate. No cross-reactivity was observed in reciprocal immunodiffusion tests between VNYVV and the BSBMV isolates using antisera to the CP of each virus. No products were observed for the BSBMV isolates analyzed in PCR using 10 BNYVV primer pairs. The eight BSBMV isolates investigated induced symptoms different from those of BNYVV in several hosts. Two BSBMV isolates tested were transmitted by Polymyxa betae. These eight BSBMV isolates appear to be furoviruses distinct from BNYVV. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wisler, G C AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Duffus, JE AD - USDA/ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 995 EP - 1001 VL - 78 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - beet soil-borne mosaic virus KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vector-borne diseases KW - Beta vulgaris KW - beet necrotic yellow vein virus KW - transmission KW - Polymyxa betae KW - fungi KW - rhizomania KW - taxonomy KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22010:Virus taxonomy & classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17068171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Beet+necrotic+yellow+vein+virus+and+its+relationship+to+eight+sugar+beet+furo-like+viruses+from+the+United+States&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BLiu%2C+H-Y%3BDuffus%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beet necrotic yellow vein virus; Beta vulgaris; Polymyxa betae; vector-borne diseases; fungi; transmission; rhizomania; taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen and carbon concentrations, soluble proteins and free amino acids in subterranean turions of Hydrilla during overwintering AN - 17065138; 3892059 AB - The forms of nitrogen in subterranean turions of both biotypes of hydrilla found in the U.S. were quantified monthly from December 1989 to April 1990. Mean concentrations of free amino acids in subterranean turions ranged from 33.5 to 83.7 and 42.3 to 58.4 nmoles/(mg dry weight) for the monoecious and dioecious biotypes, respectively. Concentrations of soluble proteins in subterranean turions ranged from 19.9 to 28.3 and 15.7 to 22.7 mu g/(mg dry weight) for turions of the monoecious and dioecious biotype, respectively. There were no significant linear time-dependent changes in the concentrations of free amino acids or soluble proteins during the overwintering period. Asparagine, alanine and arginine were major free amino acids in turions of both biotypes in October and April. Carbon concentrations decreased from 42 to 39% between December and April for turions of either biotype, while nitrogen concentrations fell from 1.41% to 1.21% for monoecious turions, with an approximately equivalent change in nitrogen composition for dioecious turions. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Ryan, F J AD - USDA ARS Aquatic Weed Res. Lab., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 67 EP - 70 VL - 32 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - biochemical analysis KW - macrophytes KW - overwintering KW - turions KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - nitrogen compounds KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - carbon KW - amino acids KW - seasonal variations KW - proteins KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17065138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+carbon+concentrations%2C+soluble+proteins+and+free+amino+acids+in+subterranean+turions+of+Hydrilla+during+overwintering&rft.au=Ryan%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemical analysis; nitrogen compounds; overwintering; amino acids; carbon; aquatic plants; turions; seasonal variations; proteins; macrophytes; Hydrilla verticillata; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of field application of an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus on the populations of A. flavus infecting cotton bolls and on the aflatoxin content of cottonseed AN - 17063586; 3883835 AB - An atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus was applied to soils planted with cotton in Yuma, Arizona, to assess the ability of the atoxigenic strain to competitively exclude aflatoxin-producing strains during cotton boll infection and thereby prevent aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. In both 1989 and 1990, the atoxigenic strain displaced other infecting strains during cotton boll development. Displacement was associated with significant reductions in the quantity of aflatoxins contaminating the crop at maturity. Although frequency of infected locules differed between years (1% versus 25%), in both years displacement occurred without increases in the amount of infection as measured by the quantity of locules with bright-green-yellow-fluorescence (BGYF). In the low infection year (1990), locules exhibiting BGYF were analyzed individually for both incidence of the applied strain and aflatoxin content. In the high infection year (1989), infected seed from each replicate plot (32 total) were pooled and analyzed for both aflatoxin and incidence of the released strain. Results of the latter analyses indicate an inverse relationship (r = 0.71, P <0.001) between aflatoxin content and the percent seed infected by the applied strain. In 1990, quantities of A. flavus on mature crop surfaces did not differ between treated and untreated plots. When reisolated from the infected crop the applied atoxigenic strain retained the atoxigenic phenotype. Most infecting strains belonging to other vegetative compatibility groups did produce detectable quantities of aflatoxin B sub(1) in liquid fermentation. The applied atoxigenic strain spread from treated plots to untreated controls at different rates in the two years and accounted for 7 and 25% of A. flavus strains isolated from infected locules in untreated control plots in 1990 and 1989, respectively. The results suggest that the aflatoxin-producing potential of A. flavus populations associated with crop production can be reduced in order to reduce aflatoxin contamination. JF - Phytopathology AU - Cotty, P J AD - Southern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1270 EP - 1277 VL - 84 IS - 11 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - aflatoxins KW - contamination KW - soil KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17063586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+field+application+of+an+atoxigenic+strain+of+Aspergillus+flavus+on+the+populations+of+A.+flavus+infecting+cotton+bolls+and+on+the+aflatoxin+content+of+cottonseed&rft.au=Cotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Cotty&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Gossypium hirsutum; soil; aflatoxins; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substrate selectivity in Aspergillus ficuum phytase and acid phosphatases using myo-inositol phosphates AN - 17047384; 3871678 AB - The three extracellular acid phosphatases produced by Aspergillus ficuum have varying affinities for myo-inositol hexakis-, pentakis-, tetrakis-, and trisphosphate. Phytase has previously been shown to degrade phytate at pH 5.5 and 2.5, but similar activity has not been demonstrated in the concurrently produced extracellular acid phosphatases. Data obtained in this study demonstrate that the acid phosphatase with an optimum at pH 2.5 is a potent phytase at this pH. However, the pH 6.0 optimum acid phosphatase hydrolyzes phosphate from the myo-inositol backbone very poorly. The kinetic parameters obtained for these enzymes indicate the potential value of both phytase and pH 2.5 acid phosphatase as feed additives for monogastric animals. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Ullah, AHJ AU - Phillippy, B Q AD - South. Reg. Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 423 EP - 425 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - 6-phytase KW - acid phosphatase KW - myo-inositol phosphates KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus ficuum KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17047384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Substrate+selectivity+in+Aspergillus+ficuum+phytase+and+acid+phosphatases+using+myo-inositol+phosphates&rft.au=Ullah%2C+AHJ%3BPhillippy%2C+B+Q&rft.aulast=Ullah&rft.aufirst=AHJ&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus ficuum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol by the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 AN - 17045354; 3878605 AB - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol was detected in and isolated from culture extracts of the biological control bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Its structure was identified using a combination of chromatographic techniques and NMR spectroscopic methods. Carbon source influenced 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production by Pf-5 in culture media. 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol inhibited growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani, and the plant pathogenic bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroceptica, which cause diseases that are suppressed by strain Pf-5. The results of this study provide further evidence for the prevalence of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production among strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens that suppress plant diseases. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Nowak-Thompson, B AU - Gould, S J AU - Kraus, J AU - Loper, JE AD - USDA - Agric. Res. Serv., Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1064 EP - 1066 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - biological control KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17045354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Broadening+the+Security+Paradigm%3A+A+Note+on+the+Tension+between+the+Realist+and+Anti-Proliferation+Lobbies+in+India&rft.au=Das%2C+Runa&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Runa&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.issn=00195510&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas fluorescens; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field and greenhouse evaluations of pearl millet for partial resistance to Puccinia substriata var. indica AN - 17038926; 3872222 AB - Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) inbreds Tift 383, 700481-21-8, and ICMP 501 were evaluated for partial rust resistance in comparison to the susceptible inbred Tift 23DB. In field trials, area under the disease progress curves of the three inbreds were less than that of Tift 23DB when disease pressure was severe. Uredinium dimensions on seedlings 10 days after inoculation were smaller for the three inbreds than for Tift 23DB. Seedlings exhibited susceptible infection types when inoculated with four single-uredinium isolates except for a moderately resistant infection type 2 when ICMP 501 was inoculated with isolate PS89-775. Whole-plant latent periods of the three inbreds were longer than that of Tift 23DB when inoculated with a bulk rust collection, but longer only for ICMP 501 when inoculated with isolate PS92-1. No inbred was consistently more resistant than Tift 23DB across all evaluations. Tift 383, 700481-21-8, and ICMP 501 express low to moderate levels of partial resistance, which may be more consistent in expression and useful if they were combined. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wilson, J P AD - USDA-ARS Forage and Turf Res. Unit, Univ. Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Stn., Tifton, TX 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1202 EP - 1205 VL - 78 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - Puccinia substriata indica KW - rust KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17038926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Small+Wars+and+Insurgencies&rft.atitle=The+Challenge+of+Preventive+Diplomacy+and+Deterrence+in+the+Global+Security+Environment%3A+Applying+the+%22Iron+Fist%22+within+the+%22Velvet+Glove%22+Now+and+in+the+Future&rft.au=Corr%2C+Edwin+G%3BManwaring%2C+Max+G&rft.aulast=Corr&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Small+Wars+and+Insurgencies&rft.issn=09592318&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pennisetum glaucum; Puccinia substriata indica; disease resistance; rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competitive exclusion of Salmonella enteritidis in leghorn chicks: Comparison of treatment by crop gavage, drinking water, spray, or lyophilized alginate beads AN - 17028235; 3868497 AB - The protective effect of cecal bacteria cultures on Salmonella enteritidis cecal colonization was evaluated. Competitive-exclusion cultures were administered by crop gavage, in first drinking water, by whole body spray, or encapsulated in alginate beads and provided in feed pans. Leghorn chicks were treated with cultures of cecal bacteria on the day of hatch and challenged orally with 10 super(4) S. enteritidis 2 days after treatment. Salmonella cecal colonization was evaluated 7 days after challenge. No Salmonella organisms were detected in the ceca of chicks treated with cecal cultures by crop gavage. Chicks treated with cecal cultures in the drinking water or by spray application showed comparable protection and significant decreases in the number of Salmonella in the cecal contents compared with untreatel controls. The consumption of cecal bacteria encapsulated in alginate beads significantly decreased Salmonella cecal colonization compared with control treatment, but it provided less protection than the other treatment methods evaluated. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Corrier, DE AU - Hollister, A G AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Scanlan, C M AU - Beier, R C AU - DeLoach, J R AD - Food Anim. Protect. Res. Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 297 EP - 303 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - alginic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - sprays KW - cecum KW - beads KW - drinking water KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17028235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Competitive+exclusion+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+leghorn+chicks%3A+Comparison+of+treatment+by+crop+gavage%2C+drinking+water%2C+spray%2C+or+lyophilized+alginate+beads&rft.au=Corrier%2C+DE%3BHollister%2C+A+G%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BScanlan%2C+C+M%3BBeier%2C+R+C%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Corrier&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; drinking water; beads; sprays; cecum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of toxic and teratogenic effects of Lupinus formosus, L. arbustus and L. caudatus in goats AN - 17025817; 3867246 AB - Spanish goats were used to compare toxic and teratogenic effects of three lupine species with different alkaloid composition, Lupinus formosus, L. arbustus and L. caudatus. Lupinus formosus induced mild to moderate clinical toxicity in goats when fed during gestation days 30-60 and severely reduced fetal movement, resulting in teratogenic effects (cleft palate, limb and spinal deformities) in their offspring. Lupinus arbustus induced only equivocal clinical signs of toxicity in pregnant goats when fed during the same period of gestation, fetal movement appeared normal although slightly less vigorous, and newborns exhibited no birth defects. Lupinus caudatus did not induce any maternal toxicity, nor reduce fetal movement, and the offspring were normal. Lupinus formosus contained 0.68% total piperidines: 0.37% was ammodendrine, 0.30% was N-acetylhystrine and 0.01% was N-methylammodendrine by plant dry weight. Lupinus arbustus, contained 0.64% of a single piperidine alkaloid, ammodendrine, and 0.28% other alkaloids. Lupinus caudatus contained no piperidines but 1.92% total quinolizidines including 0.22% anagyrine. Apparently, piperidine alkaloids other than ammodendrine found in L. formosus but not L. arbustus are important in the induction of fetotoxicity resulting in birth defects. This report demonstrates that goats are apparently more resistant than cattle to the toxic and teratogenic effects of Lupinus caudatus and that N-acetylhystrine and perhaps other minor alkaloids may be important piperidines in addition to ammodendrine in the induction of birth defects in cattle and goats by L. formosus. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Panter, KE AU - Gardner AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 83 EP - 93 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - goats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Lupinus arbustus KW - Lupinus formosus KW - teratogenicity KW - Lupinus caudatus KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17025817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Review+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=British+nuclear+non-proliferation+policies+towards+Iran+and+the+Middle+East&rft.au=Ellner%2C+Andrea&rft.aulast=Ellner&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cambridge+Review+of+International+Affairs&rft.issn=09557571&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09557571.2012.734780 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lupinus formosus; Lupinus arbustus; Lupinus caudatus; teratogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ammodendrine and related piperidine alkaloid levels in the blood plasma of cattle, sheep and goats fed Lupinus formosus AN - 17024255; 3867151 AB - Cattle, sheep and goats were gavaged single doses of teratogenic lupine plant (Lupinus formosus) and blood plasma alkaloid levels measured and compared. Ammodendrine and two other closely related piperidines, N-methylammodendrine and N-acetylhystrine, were detected in the blood plasma of all three animal species within 0.5 hours after dosage. Peak alkaloid levels occurred within 24 hours with total blood plasma piperidine alkaloid levels ranging from 0.4 mu g/mL in goats, 1.1 mu g/mL in cows, to 1.3 mu g/mL in sheep. Only trace (< 0.1 mu g/mL) levels of alkaloids were detected in the blood plasma after 50 hours post dosage. Cows and sheep had slight to moderate signs of toxicity one hour after dosage. Goats had no signs of toxicity after receiving a dosage by body weight of teratogenic plant material equivalent to that of the sheep. In addition to the previously proposed teratogenic alkaloid ammodendrine, a compound of similar structure, N-acetylhystrine, was found in relatively high concentrations in the dosed plant material, implicating this compound as a possible teratogen of L. formosus. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Gardner AU - Panter, KE AD - USDA-ARS-Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 107 EP - 116 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - ammodendrine KW - alkaloids KW - cattle KW - sheep KW - goats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - plasma KW - Lupinus formosus KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17024255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Slavic+Military+Studies&rft.atitle=Moscow%27s+Visions+of+Future+War%3A+So+Many+Conflict+Scenarios+So+Little+Time%2C+Money+and+Forces&rft.au=Goure%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Goure&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2014-01-02&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+Slavic+Military+Studies&rft.issn=13518046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F13518046.2014.874841 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lupinus formosus; plasma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of Pasteuria sp. attacking Heterodera glycines in North America AN - 17024149; 3867066 AB - Endospores of a Pasteuria sp. were observed on Heterodera glycines second-stage juveniles and males recovered from soil in microplots in which nematode populations had been declining for several years. Conventional scanning electron microscopy was used to observe and measure endospores on second-stage juveniles (J2) of both a race 3 and a race 4 population. Endospores were elipsoidal; those attached to J2 of race 3 measured (X super(-)) 4.2 x 3.7 mu m with a height of 2.0 mu m, and those on race 4 were 4.3 x 3.7 mu m with a height of 2.3 mu m. Measurements taken under light microscopy indicated that endospores attached to J2 of race 3 were 5.0 x 4.8 mu m with a height of 2.2 mu m. The velutinous exosporium of the H. glycines-infecting P. nishizawae from Japan was not visible in the Illinois isolate. Differences in endospore morphology and the apparent inability of the Illinois isolate to complete its life cycle in females indicate that the Japanese and Illinois isolates are distinct species of Pasteuria. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Noel, G R AU - Stanger, BA AD - USDA ARS, Crop Prot. Res. Unit, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 VL - t SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - North America KW - biological control KW - Heterodera glycines KW - Pasteuria KW - Nematoda KW - Glycine max KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17024149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Politics+%26+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Durability+of+Managed+Rivalry%3A+Iran%27s+Relations+with+Russia+and+the+Saudi+Dimension&rft.au=Zweiri%2C+Mahjoob%3BWootton%2C+Matthew&rft.aulast=Zweiri&rft.aufirst=Mahjoob&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Asian+Politics+%26+Policy&rft.issn=19430779&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteuria; Heterodera glycines; Glycine max; Nematoda; North America; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maize responses to a severe isolate of maize chlorotic dwarf virus AN - 17006934; 3840933 AB - The results of incidence ratings to assess the host response of maize (Zea mays L.) to natural infection, or to controlled inoculation in either the field or the greenhouse, with maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) appear inconsistent for identification of resistant or tolerant responses. Our objective was to determine whether assessment of the severity of three symptoms on the leaves (veinbanding, chlorosis, and twisting of the leaf and tearing of the leaf margin) would consistently allow differentiation of the host responses of maize inbreds and hybrids to inoculation with two isolates of MCDV. Symptom severity was assessed using a 1 to 5 visual rating for each of the three symptoms at three to four time intervals after controlled inoculation with a severe isolate of MCDV in both greenhouse and field experiments. Analysis of the symptom severity assessments grouped genotypes into similar host response categories in both environments. Incidence ratings of genotypes in greenhouse studies were not significantly different, and field incidence ratings were inconsistent. Height reduction in greenhouse grown plants was most severe in genotypes with high levels of expression of the other symptoms but was of limited value in differentiating genotypic groups. Comparison of the average symptom severity assessments using the severe and type isolates indicated that symptom expression in field-grown plants was more severe when inoculated with the severe isolate of MCDV. Regardless of virus isolate, symptoms of plants grown in the field were not as severe as those on plants grown in the greenhouse. A reduction in symptom severity was associated with hybrid vigor of field-grown plants. In one field study, the level of symptom severity was correlated with both yield and plant height reduction of hybrids. JF - Crop Science AU - Pratt, R C AU - Anderson, R J AU - Louie, R AU - McMullen, MD AU - Knoke, J K AD - USDA-ARS, Ohio State Univ., Ohio Agric. Res. and Dev. Cent., Wooster, OH 44691, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 635 EP - 641 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - symptoms KW - Zea mays KW - infection KW - resistance KW - maize chlorotic dwarf virus KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17006934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Maize+responses+to+a+severe+isolate+of+maize+chlorotic+dwarf+virus&rft.au=Pratt%2C+R+C%3BAnderson%2C+R+J%3BLouie%2C+R%3BMcMullen%2C+MD%3BKnoke%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - maize chlorotic dwarf virus; Zea mays; infection; symptoms; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of CO sub(2) enrichment on whole-plant carbon budget of seedlings of Fagus grandifolia and Acer saccharum in low irradiance AN - 17002957; 3844722 AB - Carbon exchange rates (CER) and whole-plant carbon balances of beech (Fagus grandifolia) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) were compared for seedlings grown under low irradiance to determine the effects of atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment on shade-tolerant seedlings of co-dominant species. Under contemporary atmospheric CO sub(2), photosynthetic rate per unit mass of beech was lower than for sugar maple, and atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment enhanced photosynthesis for beech only. Aboveground respiration per unit mass decreased with CO sub(2) enrichment for both species while root respiration per unit mass decreased for sugar maple only. Under contemporary atmospheric CO sub(2), beech had lower C uptake per plant than sugar maple, while C losses per plant to nocturnal aboveground and root respiration were similar for both species. Under elevated CO sub(2), C uptake per plant was similar for both species, indicating a significant relative increase in whole-seedling CER with CO sub(2) enrichment for beech but not for sugar maple. Total C loss per plant to aboveground respiration was decreased for beech only because increase in sugar maple leaf mass counterbalanced a reduction in respiration rates. Carbon loss to root respiration per plant was not changed by CO sub(2) enrichment for either species. However, changes in maintenance respiration cost and nitrogen level suggest changes in tissue composition with elevated CO sub(2). Beech had a greater net daily C gain with CO sub(2) enrichment than did sugar maple in contrast to a lower one under contemporary CO sub(2). Elevated CO sub(2) preferentially enhances the net C balance of beech by increasing photosynthesis and reducing respiration cost. In all cases, the greatest C lost was by roots, indicating the importance of belowground biomass in net C gain. Relative growth rate estimated from biomass accumulation was not affected by CO sub(2) enrichment for either species possibly because of slow growth under low light. This study indicates the importance of direct effects of CO sub(2) enrichment when predicting potential change in species distribution with global climate change. JF - Oecologia AU - Reid, C D AU - Strain, B R AD - USDA/ARS Dep. Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., 1509 Varsity Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 31 EP - 39 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - respiration KW - Acer saccharum KW - light intensity KW - seedlings KW - Fagus grandifolia KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17002957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Effects+of+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment+on+whole-plant+carbon+budget+of+seedlings+of+Fagus+grandifolia+and+Acer+saccharum+in+low+irradiance&rft.au=Reid%2C+C+D%3BStrain%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fagus grandifolia; Acer saccharum; seedlings; respiration; light intensity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Freeze-thaw and winter temperature of agricultural soils in interior Alaska AN - 17001341; 3836850 AB - Freeze-thaw and winter temperature of soil influences the viability of perennial plants, yet the thermal regime of agricultural soils is virtually unknown in interior Alaska. The frequency of daily freeze-thaw events in the spring and fall, winter temperature minima, and the duration of critically-low winter temperatures in the plant root zone (0.05 to 0.40 m depth) were ascertained from daily air and soil temperature data collected from September 1987 through May 1992 at Fairbanks (64 degree 51'N) and Delta Junction (63 degree 55'N). Soil freeze-thaw events at both stations occurred more frequently in spring than in fall and were influenced in part by snow cover. At Delta Junction, where persistent winds result in thin snowpacks, the lowest soil temperature observed during this study was -29.1 degree C. Temperatures at 0.05 m were lower than 0 degree and -15 degree C (lethal temperature of winter grains and legumes) for 169 and 14 consecutive days, respectively. At Fairbanks, the lowest soil temperature was -12.3 degree C. This study suggested that snow management on agricultural fields in interior Alaska can influence the frequency of soil freeze-thaw and the occurrence of lethal winter temperatures. JF - Cold Regions Science and Technology AU - Sharratt, B S AD - USDA-ARS, 309 O'Neill Bldg., Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775-0080, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 105 EP - 111 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0165-232X, 0165-232X KW - frost heave KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - soil temperature KW - soil physical properties KW - air temperature KW - plants KW - agriculture KW - freeze-thaw tests KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17001341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cold+Regions+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Freeze-thaw+and+winter+temperature+of+agricultural+soils+in+interior+Alaska&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cold+Regions+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0165232X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - freeze-thaw tests; soil temperature; agriculture; plants; soil physical properties; air temperature; USA, Alaska ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simplicity versus efficiency in sampling designs and estimation AN - 16997936; 3831941 AB - Simplicity and efficiency in design and estimation are all important in deciding on sampling strategies. A simple model is given and illustrated for four practical situations to show how a good sampling strategy should be selected. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Schreuder, H T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exp. Stn., 240 West Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 237 EP - 245 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - experimental design KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - environmental monitoring KW - experimental research KW - sampling KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16997936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Simplicity+versus+efficiency+in+sampling+designs+and+estimation&rft.au=Schreuder%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Schreuder&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental monitoring; experimental research; sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preharvest aflatoxin contamination of maize inoculated with Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme AN - 16997480; 3834414 AB - A two-year factorial experiment was utilized to test plants field-inoculated singly and in combination with Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme. Pinbar inoculations were made through the husks with conidial suspensions, and 10-ear maize samples were harvested at 60 days post-silking for aflatoxin determinations. When ears were inoculated with both fungi simultaneously, F. moniliforme reduced aflatoxin formation by A. flavus isolate NRRL 3357 by approximately two-thirds. F. moniliforme had no significant effect on naturally occurring aflatoxin contamination by A. flavus. This may be due to the timing of infection by both fungi in the field. In nature, A. flavus and F. moniliforme respond differently to the environment, offering one explanation of why F. moniliforme did not measurably affect the other fungus. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Widstrom, N W AU - McMillian, W W AU - Wilson, D M AU - Richard, J L AU - Zummo, N AU - Beaver, R W AD - USDA-ARS, IBPMRL, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 119 EP - 123 VL - 128 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Zea mays KW - aflatoxins KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16997480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Preharvest+aflatoxin+contamination+of+maize+inoculated+with+Aspergillus+flavus+and+Fusarium+moniliforme&rft.au=Widstrom%2C+N+W%3BMcMillian%2C+W+W%3BWilson%2C+D+M%3BRichard%2C+J+L%3BZummo%2C+N%3BBeaver%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Widstrom&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Fusarium moniliforme; Zea mays; aflatoxins; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purge and trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for determining smoke contamination of foods and packaging materials AN - 16997127; 3839740 AB - Food and packaging materials from three separate fires were analyzed for volatiles by purge and trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PT/GC/MS) and compared to unexposed control samples. Concentrations of naphthalene and small alkyl-substituted (methyl, ethyl, dimethyl) naphthalene residues were consistently higher in the smoke odor containing foods than in the controls. Naphthalene and methylnaphthalene residues were used as indicators of smoke exposure in food and packaging materials. By using this method to analyze foods that had been exposed to smoke yet contained no organoleptically detectable smoke residues, it was shown that this PT/GC/MS naphthalene method is a more sensitive indicator of smoke exposure than is organoleptic evaluation. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Johnston, J J AU - Wong, J P AU - Feldman, SE AU - Ilnicki, L P AD - FSIS West. Lab., USDA, P.O. Box 4008, Alameda, CA 94501, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1954 EP - 1958 VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - naphthalene KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - mass spectroscopy KW - organoleptic evaluation KW - methodology KW - off flavor KW - smoke KW - taints KW - gas chromatography KW - volatiles KW - food KW - packaging materials KW - contamination KW - R 18122:Taints & off-flavors KW - R 18123:Sensory evaluation of food KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - R 18130:Apparatus & methodology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16997127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Purge+and+trap%2Fgas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+method+for+determining+smoke+contamination+of+foods+and+packaging+materials&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BWong%2C+J+P%3BFeldman%2C+SE%3BIlnicki%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy; smoke; contamination; packaging materials; food; organoleptic evaluation; volatiles; taints; off flavor; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal and spatial patterns of breeding brown-headed cowbirds in the midwestern United States AN - 16994320; 3826000 AB - Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are an obligate brood parasite and a potential threat to some populations of migratory songbirds. I used radio-telemetry to study temporal patterns in behavior, habitat use, and sociality, as well as spatial patterns and movements among breeding, feeding, and roosting areas. I obtained a mean of 42 locations of 84 radio-tagged female cowbirds on three study sites in Illinois and Missouri. Radio-tagged females usually were located in forest and shrub-sapling habitats with a mean of 1.4 males during the morning breeding period. During midmorning to early afternoon, females commuted to short-grass, cropland, and feedlot habitats; they fed in small flocks. At dusk females roosted singly or in small groups near breeding or feeding areas, or commuted to a large communal roost. Behavior and time of day, behavior and habitat use, and habitat use and time of day were highly associated. For approximately 90% of the radio-tagged cowbirds, breeding, feeding, and roosting locations were distributed nonrandomly within home ranges, and came from distinct utilization distributions. Cowbirds moved an average of 3.6 km between roosting and breeding locations, 1.2 km between breeding and feeding locations, and 2.6 km between feeding and roosting locations. Midwestern cowbirds show the same pattern of commuting between disjunct breeding and feeding areas as elsewhere in their range. JF - Auk AU - Thompson, III AD - USDA Forest Serv. North Cent. Forest Exp. Stn., 1-26 Agric. Build., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 979 EP - 990 VL - 111 IS - 4 SN - 0004-8038, 0004-8038 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Molothrus ater KW - habitat utilization KW - USA, Midwest KW - breeding status KW - social behavior KW - females KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16994320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Temporal+and+spatial+patterns+of+breeding+brown-headed+cowbirds+in+the+midwestern+United+States&rft.au=Thompson%2C+III&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=III&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molothrus ater; USA, Midwest; breeding status; habitat utilization; social behavior; females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulldown forces for collecting large soil monoliths AN - 16991446; 3633887 AB - The force for pulling down large, steel monolith tanks was measured for a fine sandy loam, a silt loam, and clay loam soil with varying soil water contents in two of the soils. Pressure gages on hydraulic jacking equipment were used to measure force as a function of depth throughout the 2.4-m installation depth of the soil monolith tanks. Monolith tank areas were 0.75 x 1.00 m or 3.00 x 3.00 m, and the tank wall thickness was 9.5 mm. Except for the effects of natural hard pans or plow pans, pulldown force was linearly related to depth. When pulldown force was converted to wall friction, the average wall friction after wetting for each of the three soils was about 20 kPa. For most agricultural soils without rocks or cemented layers, the monolith tank wall friction from prewetted soil should also be less than 20 kPa. Wall friction variability decreased with depth so that a safety factor of 1.25 would be satisfactory in designing monolith collection equipment. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Schneider, AD AU - Steiner, J L AU - Howell, T A AD - USDA-ARS, Bushland, TX, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 831 EP - 835 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - measuring instruments KW - monitoring KW - loam KW - hydraulic equipment KW - steel KW - construction KW - evapotranspiration KW - lysimeters KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16991446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Pulldown+forces+for+collecting+large+soil+monoliths&rft.au=Schneider%2C+AD%3BSteiner%2C+J+L%3BHowell%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; hydraulic equipment; loam; steel; lysimeters; evapotranspiration; monitoring; measuring instruments; construction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A classification of subtropical riverine grassland and forest in Chitwan National Park, Nepal AN - 16989529; 3634106 AB - Eight grassland associations with ten phases and two riverine forest associations were identified on the floodplains of Chitwan National Park in lowland Nepal. Two Themeda arundinacea associations were primarily stable edaphic associations on mollic soils, often with aquic moisture regimes. Themeda associations were floristically similar to adjacent sal forest. Four mixed tall-grass associations primarily of Narenga porphyrocoma, Saccharum bengalense, and Saccharum spontaneum were identified. These and Themeda arundinacea types were characterized by a very weak component of woody species. Two grass-shrub associations of Saccharum bengalense and Narenga porphyrocoma with a strong woody species component typical of riverine forest were described. Trewia nudiflora-Bombax ceiba riverine forest and mixed riverine forest types also were identified on the basis of understory composition. Mixed tall-grass and grass-shrub associations appeared to represent early and late phases of grassland succession to riverine forest. Trajectories of succession are controlled primarily by fire and wildlife grazing. The classification refines the general classifications applied to the central Terai of Nepal and India, and should provide insight for classification of other Terai riverine grasslands. JF - Vegetatio AU - Lehmkuhl, J F AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., 3625 93rd SW, Olympia, WA 98502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 29 EP - 43 VL - 111 IS - 1 SN - 0042-3106, 0042-3106 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - grasses KW - succession KW - flood plains KW - Nepal KW - D 04126:Tropical forests KW - D 04116:Tropical savannahs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16989529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=A+classification+of+subtropical+riverine+grassland+and+forest+in+Chitwan+National+Park%2C+Nepal&rft.au=Lehmkuhl%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Lehmkuhl&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nepal; grasses; forests; flood plains; succession ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absorption and organ content of cadmium from the kernels of confectionery sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) fed to male rats AN - 16987111; 3827111 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of cadmium from the kernels of sunflowers grown in soils containing a natural abundance of cadmium. Weanling male rats were used as the experimental model. Fresh sunflower kernels containing either 330 or 780 mu g Cd/kg were ground and added to a purified rodent diet at 20%. Cadmium chloride was added to purified diets without kernels. After 10 weeks, a test meal of each diet, containing super(109)Cd, was fed and whole-body counting techniques were used to estimate cadmium absorption. Cadmium absorption from all diets ranged from 0.39 to 0.55%. Absorption was 30% less (P < 0.001) from diets containing kernels than from those that did not. The concentrations of cadmium in various organs were proportional to the amounts in the diet but highest in the intestinal mucosa. Cadmium tended to be lower in organs of rats fed diets with sunflower kernels than in those of rats fed diets without sunflower kernels. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Reeves, P G AU - Johnson, P E AU - Rossow, K L AD - Grand Forks Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2836 EP - 2843 VL - 42 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - cadmium KW - heavy metals KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - feeds KW - Helianthus annuus KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16987111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Absorption+and+organ+content+of+cadmium+from+the+kernels+of+confectionery+sunflowers+%28Helianthus+annuus%29+fed+to+male+rats&rft.au=Reeves%2C+P+G%3BJohnson%2C+P+E%3BRossow%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helianthus annuus; feeds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of ribosomal RNA genes from three species of Haemonchus (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) and identification of PCR primers for rapid differentiation AN - 16986269; 3632301 AB - Genomic DNAs prepared from adult worms of Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus placei, and Haemonchus similis were used to clone and map complete ribosomal RNA gene repeats from each species. The lengths of the repeating units were estimated at 7.2, 7.2, and 7.4 kb, respectively, with a second and distinct repeat 6.9 kb in length identified from H. contortus only. Restriction enzyme recognition sites within all ribosomal RNA genes were fully conserved except for the loss of SAlI site within the large subunit rRNA gene of the 6.9-kb H. contortus repeat where only minor differences were observed in the restriction enzyme recognition sequences within the external spacer DNAs. Sequence analysis of the subcloned small subunit ribosomal DNAs from each species demonstrated 100% conservation within the 1758-bp fragments with only limited sequence variability observed within the adjacent 5' external-transcribed spacer. JF - Experimental Parasitology AU - Zarlenga, D S AU - Stringfellow, F AU - Nobary, M AU - Lichtenfels, J R AD - USDA, Livest. and Poult. Sci. Inst., Biosystematic Parasitol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 28 EP - 36 VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 0014-4894, 0014-4894 KW - Haemonchus similis KW - rRNA KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - gene mapping KW - differentiation KW - Haemonchus contortus KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - Haemonchus placei KW - G 07363:GENERAL KW - N 14414:Structure and sequence KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33130:Genetic based (PCR, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16986269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+ribosomal+RNA+genes+from+three+species+of+Haemonchus+%28Nematoda%3A+Trichostrongyloidea%29+and+identification+of+PCR+primers+for+rapid+differentiation&rft.au=Zarlenga%2C+D+S%3BStringfellow%2C+F%3BNobary%2C+M%3BLichtenfels%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Zarlenga&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+Parasitology&rft.issn=00144894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - differentiation; gene mapping; polymerase chain reaction; Haemonchus contortus; Haemonchus placei ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drainage and irrigation effects on cotton production AN - 16983785; 3633888 AB - Excessively wet and dry soil conditions can occur during the same year in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. Water management systems that provide both subsurface drainage during wet soil conditions and irrigation during dry soil conditions are desired. Several water table management alternatives, possibly with surface irrigation such as microirrigation, could satisfy these needs. Three water table management (WTM) systems and microirrigation were evaluated for three cotton cultivars on a southeastern Coastal Plain soil during 1987-1989. The WTM systems included controlled drainage-subirrigation (CDSI), controlled drainage (CD), and subsurface drainage (SSD). All WTM systems had both surface microirrigation and rainfed treatments. Cotton cultivars were Coker 315, DPL 50, and DPL 90. Seasonal rainfall, subirrigation, and microirrigation amounts varied considerably during the three-year period. Water requirements for subirrigation in the CDSI system were high (1477 to 2841 mm), but neither microirrigation nor subirrigation water requirements were closely related to seasonal rainfall amounts. Cotton lint yields among WTM systems were significantly different in two of three years; yields for the CDSI system were lowest (836 and 766 kg/ha) and yields for CD and SSD were highest (1022 and 942 kg/ha, respectively). Wetter-than-optimum soil conditions in all irrigated treatments, especially in combination with the CDSI system, probably caused the reduced yield. Microirrigation produced significantly greater lint yields than the rainfed treatments in the first two years of the study (1127 and 1116 kg/ha versus 492 and 801 kg/ha), but not in the last year (872 versus 874 kg/ha) when seasonal rainfall was least of the three years but was better distributed. There were significant yield differences among cotton cultivars in two years, but no cultivar consistently produced the greatest or least yield. Cotton yield increases obtained with these WTM system-microirrigation combinations suggest the need to control the water table closer to the soil surface in southeastern Coastal Plain soils when surface irrigation is not used. The CDSI could provide a profitable management alternative if a water table fluctuates near the soil surface much of the time, especially during the growing season. Where subsurface drainage is needed part of the year, it may be more profitable to use CD or SSD systems with surface irrigation, especially when maintaining the water table near the soil surface in CDSI systems requires a large water volume. However, the combined cost of the subsurface drainage and microirrigation systems would be very high and might not be profitable for crops such as cotton. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Camp, C R AU - Thomas, WM AU - Doty, C W AD - USDA-ARS, Florence, SC, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 823 EP - 830 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - cotton KW - water storage KW - water table KW - subsurface drainage KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - rainfall KW - drainage KW - water management KW - water requirements KW - irrigation water KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16983785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Drainage+and+irrigation+effects+on+cotton+production&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BThomas%2C+WM%3BDoty%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - irrigation water; drainage; water management; subsurface drainage; water table; rainfall; water requirements; water storage; soil water; cotton; soil-water-plant relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of ozone exposure characteristics in forested regions near Mexico City and Los Angeles AN - 16982805; 3634223 AB - This comparison of forest exposure to ozone in the vicinity of Mexico City and Los Angeles provides preliminary evidence of the seasonal differences in ozone concentrations. Summer concentrations near Mexico City are not as high as those near Los Angeles because most of the precipitation and associated cloudiness occurs near Mexico City during the months of June through September. Winter concentrations remain nearly as high as summer concentrations at Mexico City, because in winter skies are clearer and incident sunlight remains high. Latitudinal influences on solar zenith angle and the higher altitude of the Mexico City region both contribute to a higher actinic flux than in the Los Angeles region. The primary difference in forest exposure is that there is very little respite from adverse ozone concentrations during the entire year in the Mexico City region. Also, the rainy summer season would likely diminish water stress and result in greater ozone uptake at the Desierto de los Leones compared to dry summer conditions in California. The closer proximity of the Desierto de los Leones monitoring site to the urban area also contributes to high winter exposures. There is some respite from exposure during the winter in the San Bernardino mountain region; however, summer concentrations are higher than near Mexico City. The greater transport distance from the Los Angeles source region also contributes to lower winter exposures. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Miller, PR AU - Bauer, M L AU - Nolasco, A Q AU - Tejeda, TH AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., For. Serv., USDA, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 141 EP - 148 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, California, Los Angeles KW - urban areas KW - air pollution KW - ozone KW - Mexico, Mexico City KW - pollution effects KW - bioindicators KW - seasonal variations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16982805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+ozone+exposure+characteristics+in+forested+regions+near+Mexico+City+and+Los+Angeles&rft.au=Miller%2C+PR%3BBauer%2C+M+L%3BNolasco%2C+A+Q%3BTejeda%2C+TH&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mexico, Mexico City; USA, California, Los Angeles; ozone; seasonal variations; forests; bioindicators; air pollution; pollution effects; urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fine root growth phenology, production, and turnover in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem AN - 16982065; 3631716 AB - A large part of the nutrient flux in deciduous forests is through fine root turnover, yet this process is seldom measured. As part of a nutrient cycling study, fine root dynamics were studied for two years at Huntington Forest in the Adirondack Mountain region of New York, USA. Root growth phenology was characterized using field rhizotrons, three methods were used to estimate fine root production, two methods were used to estimate fine root mortality, and decomposition was estimated using the buried bag technique. During both 1986 and 1987, fine root elongation began in early April, peaked during July and August, and nearly ceased by mid-October. Mean fine root ( less than or equal to 3 mm diameter) biomass in the surface 28-cm was 2.5 t ha super(-1) and necromass was 2.9 t ha super(-1). Annual decomposition rates ranged from 17 to 30% beneath the litter and 27 to 52% at a depth of 10 cm. Depending on the method used for estimation, fine root production ranged from 2.0 to 2.9 t ha super(-1), mortality ranged from 1.8 to 3.7 t ha super(-1) yr super(-1), and decomposition was 0.9 t ha super(-1) yr super(-1). Thus, turnover ranged from 0.8 to 1.2 yr super(-1). The nutrients that cycled through fine roots annually were 4.5-6.1 kg Ca, 1.1-1.4 kg Mg, 0.3-0.4 kg K, 1.2-1.7 kg P, 20.3-27.3 kg N, and 1.8-2.4 kg S ha super(-1). Fine root turnover was less important than leaf litterfall in the cycling of Ca and Mg and was similar to leaf litterfall in the amount of N, P, K and S cycled. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Burke, M K AU - Raynal, D J AD - Southeastern Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 135 EP - 146 VL - 162 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - roots KW - hardwoods KW - phenology KW - nutrient cycles KW - production KW - growth KW - USA, New York KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16982065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Fine+root+growth+phenology%2C+production%2C+and+turnover+in+a+northern+hardwood+forest+ecosystem&rft.au=Burke%2C+M+K%3BRaynal%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New York; phenology; roots; growth; production; nutrient cycles; forests; hardwoods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of remote sensing methods to hydrology and water resources AN - 16981475; 3630400 AB - A brief review of research in remote sensing of water resources indicates that there are many positive results, and some techniques have been applied operationally. Currently, remote sensing data are being used operationally in precipitation estimates, soil moisture measurements for irrigation scheduling, snow water equivalent and snow cover extent assessments, seasonal and short term snowmelt runoff forecasts, and surface water inventories. In the next decade other operational applications are likely using remote measurements of land cover, sediment loads, erosion, groundwater, and areal inputs to hydrological models. Many research challenges remain, and significant progress is expected in areas like albedo measurements, energy budgets, and evapotranspiration estimation. The research in remote sensing and water resources also has much relevance for related studies of climate change and global habitability. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Rango, A AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 309 EP - 320 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - precipitation KW - snowmelt KW - soil water KW - water resources development KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - data acquisition KW - water management KW - Freshwater KW - evapotranspiration KW - climatic changes KW - runoff KW - water resources KW - remote sensing KW - Q2 09393:Remote geosensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16981475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Application+of+remote+sensing+methods+to+hydrology+and+water+resources&rft.au=Rango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; data acquisition; runoff; water management; water resources; evapotranspiration; climatic changes; remote sensing; soil water; water resources development; snowmelt; precipitation; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of natural and isotopically enriched chromium in urine by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry AN - 16981107; 3827145 AB - A method is described for the determination of chromium and its enriched stable isotopes in human urine by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. A volatile chelate is formed with trifluoroacetylacetone (TFA) and the fragment ions corresponding to Cr(TFA) sub(2) super(+) in the 356-360 m/z region are monitored. The chelate is thermally stable and exhibits no memory effects when isotope ratios change. The detection limit for the method is 0.03 ng of Cr/g, and the accuracy is verified by certified reference materials and by an independent method. The method is highly specific for chromium, due to the combined properties of the chelating agent, chromatographic column, and mass-specific detector. In addition to total chromium determinations, the method can also be used to quantitate enriched stable isotopes of chromium used as metabolic tags in tracer experiments in human nutrition studies. JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington) AU - Veillon, C AU - Patterson, KY AD - Beltsville Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent., Vitamin and Mineral Nutr. Lab., USDA, 117 Bldg. 307, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 856 EP - 860 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - chromium KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - mass spectroscopy KW - assays KW - urine KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16981107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Determination+of+natural+and+isotopically+enriched+chromium+in+urine+by+isotope+dilution+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry&rft.au=Veillon%2C+C%3BPatterson%2C+KY&rft.aulast=Veillon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - urine; assays; gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy ER - TY - CONF T1 - Shade, leaf growth and crown development of Quercus rubra, Quercus velutina, Prunus serotina and Acer rubrum seedlings AN - 16979921; 3625579 AB - The study was conducted in an open field to determine the optimum irradiance for establishment and growth of two oak species and two major associated woody species. Half-sib seedlings of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black oak (Q. velutina Lam.) were grown for two years under shade-cloth tents. Eight shade treatments (94, 70, 57, 45, 37, 27, 20 and 8% of full sunlight) with three replications each were used. Measurements were made on seedlings harvested at the end of the first and second growing seasons. In the second year, shading significantly decreased the number of leaves for all species except black cherry, but only significantly decreased leaf area in northern red oak. Shading significantly decreased average leaf size of red maple. Average leaf size of black cherry was largest in the intermediate shade treatments and decreased significantly with increased and decreased shade. Leaf weight/leaf area (mg cm super(-2)) increased significantly in a quadratic pattern with decreasing shade for all four species. Leaf area ratio (cm super(2) g super(-1)) decreased significantly with decreasing shade for all species except red maple in the first year and black oak in the second year. Total branch development increased significantly with decreasing shade in red maple and northern red oak, whereas indeterminate branches increased significantly with decreasing shade only in black cherry, and short branches increased significantly with decreasing shade only in red maple. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Gottschalk, K W Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 735 EP - 749 VL - 14 IS - 7-9 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Quercus KW - irradiance KW - leaf area KW - Acer KW - growth KW - seedlings KW - Prunus KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16979921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Shade%2C+leaf+growth+and+crown+development+of+Quercus+rubra%2C+Quercus+velutina%2C+Prunus+serotina+and+Acer+rubrum+seedlings&rft.au=Gottschalk%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Gottschalk&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7-9&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capacitance and initial time step effects on numerical solutions of Richards equation AN - 16979190; 3633890 AB - The numerical solution of the Richards equation is sensitive to the value of the specific soil moisture capacity or capacitance, C, that is used when the soil is at or near saturation. Near saturation C is zero, but a numerical solution cannot be obtained for C = 0. Therefore some small nonzero value for C must be used. The initial allowable value of C was not dependent upon saturated hydraulic conductivity, but decreased as alpha (proportional to the inverse of the air entry value of pressure head) decreased. As the value of C is decreased the initial time step for the numerical solution must be decreased to obtain convergence. In most cases the initial time step should be of the same order of magnitude as C. Larger values of C require less computer time but give inaccurate results. Attempting to use too large a time step may actually increase the required computer time because of the extra iterative solutions required to obtain convergence. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Rogers, J S AD - USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 807 EP - 813 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - computers KW - saturation KW - groundwater movement KW - drainage KW - capacity KW - algorithms KW - permeability coefficient KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16979190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Capacitance+and+initial+time+step+effects+on+numerical+solutions+of+Richards+equation&rft.au=Rogers%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; saturation; capacity; permeability coefficient; drainage; computers; groundwater movement; algorithms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - pH dependence and thermostability of lipases from cultures from the ARS culture collection AN - 16978219; 3823096 AB - Previously we used a simple, sensitive agar plate method to screen lipase activity from 1229 selected cultures including 508 bacteria, 479 yeasts, 230 actinomycetes and 12 fungi covering many genera and species. About 25% of the cultures tested were lipase-positive. These lipase-positive strains were further classified as good, moderate or weak enzyme producers. We have expanded our screening method to focus specifically on the pH dependence and thermostability of these lipase activities. The lipases exhibited various pH sensitivities and were divided into three groups: (i) lipases which are active at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.5-produced by 36 bacteria, 23 yeasts and four actinomycetes; (ii) lipases which are active at pH 7.5 but not at pH 5.5-produced by 17 bacteria, four yeasts, two actinomycetes and one fungus; and (iii) lipases which are active at both pH 5.5 and pH 7.5-produced by 112 bacteria, 90 yeasts, 15 actinomycetes and five fungi. By screening at 60 degree C and pH 9.0, we further identified 50 bacteria and 26 yeasts that produce thermostable alkali-tolerant lipases. Product analyses confirmed our screening results. Lipases with specific pH dependency and thermostability have potential to be developed into industrial enzymes. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS/USDA, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 242 EP - 248 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - triacylglycerol lipase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - thermal stability KW - culture collections KW - pH KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16978219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=pH+dependence+and+thermostability+of+lipases+from+cultures+from+the+ARS+culture+collection&rft.au=Hou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Ching&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pH; thermal stability; culture collections ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation tillage and traffic effects on soil condition AN - 16975713; 3633895 AB - The soil condition resulting from a five-year cotton-wheat double cropping experiment in a sandy loam Coastal Plain soil was investigated using intensive measurements of cone index and dry bulk density. Four tillage treatments including a strip-till (no surface tillage with in-row subsoiling) conservation tillage practice were analyzed. The traffic was controlled in the experimental plots with the USDA-ARS Wide-Frame Tractive Vehicle. Besides the environmental benefits of maintaining the surface residue, the strip-till treatment decreased cone index directly beneath the row, decreased surface bulk density, increased surface moisture content, decreased energy usage, and increased yields. Controlled traffic was beneficial only when in-row subsoiling was not used as an annual tillage treatment. Although differences in soil condition were seen beneath the row middles where traffic occurred, this did not affect the soil condition directly beneath the row. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Raper, R L AU - Reeves, D W AU - Burt, E C AU - Torbert, HA AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Dyn. Lab., Auburn, AL 36831, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 763 EP - 770 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - compaction KW - loam KW - soil properties KW - agriculture KW - crops KW - soil conservation KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16975713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Conservation+tillage+and+traffic+effects+on+soil+condition&rft.au=Raper%2C+R+L%3BReeves%2C+D+W%3BBurt%2C+E+C%3BTorbert%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Raper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - loam; soil conservation; soil properties; crops; agriculture; compaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies that differentiate between potato and tomato glycoalkaloids and aglycons AN - 16974460; 3809509 AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that bind the potentially toxic glycoalkaloids and the corresponding aglycons found in potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) has been developed. Most of these Mabs differentially bind solanidine versus the potato glycosides alpha -solanine and alpha -chaconine. Some bind solanidine, alpha -solanine, and alpha -chaconine with nearly equal affinity. Others bind only solanidine, and one binds the tomato glycoside alpha -tomatine and the corresponding aglycon, tomatidine. Fifty percent inhibition of control values in a competition ELISA ranged from 2.5 to 1000 ppb. Specificity and cross-reactivity are discussed in relation to three-dimensional, computer-generated molecular models of selected alkaloids. Results of analyses of potato samples by both the ELISA and an HPLC method are given and discussed. The data suggest that these antibodies provide a basis to develop sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive immunoassays for these alkaloids in plants, processed foods, and body fluids and tissues. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Stanker, L H AU - Kamps-Holtzapple, C AU - Friedman, M AD - Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., ARS/USDA, Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845-9594, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2360 EP - 2366 VL - 42 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - aglycons KW - glycoalkaloids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16974460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Development+and+characterization+of+monoclonal+antibodies+that+differentiate+between+potato+and+tomato+glycoalkaloids+and+aglycons&rft.au=Stanker%2C+L+H%3BKamps-Holtzapple%2C+C%3BFriedman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Stanker&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - monoclonal antibodies; Lycopersicon esculentum; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A night-lighting technique for capturing cormorants AN - 16973499; 3630676 AB - A night-lighting technique was developed, using a modified jon-boat, for capturing wintering Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) that roost in cypress trees surrounded by water. During November-March of 1990-1993, 115 cormorants were captured. In 1993, 33 cormorants were captured at the rate of 2.5 cormorants per hour of effort. The approximate cost of the fully equipped capture boat was $4000 (US). Only one bird was slightly injured from night-lighting and it is concluded that this is a safe and cost-effective way to capture wintering cormorants in the Delta region of Mississippi. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - King, D T AU - Andrews, K J AU - King, JO AU - Flynt, R D AU - Glahn, J F AU - Cummings, J L AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Mississippi Res. Stn., P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762-6099, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 254 EP - 257 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - aquatic birds KW - cost-benefit analysis KW - lighting systems KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - winter KW - catching methods KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25866:Birds KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - O 1090:Instruments/Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16973499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=A+night-lighting+technique+for+capturing+cormorants&rft.au=King%2C+D+T%3BAndrews%2C+K+J%3BKing%2C+JO%3BFlynt%2C+R+D%3BGlahn%2C+J+F%3BCummings%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; lighting systems; winter; catching methods; cost-benefit analysis; Phalacrocorax auritus; USA, Mississippi; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiating bottomland tree species with multispectral videography AN - 16971343; 3621827 AB - Large-scale multispectral, multitemporal aerial video images were evaluated for speciation of bald-cypress and several species of bottomland hardwoods. Images were acquired with a multispectral video system, including three bandpass filters centered at 550, 800, and 1000 nm, from an altitude of 305 m. The ground-level dimension of the video image pixels was 0.329 m. Images were statistically analyzed with two supervised classification methods (minimum distance and maximum likelihood). The minimum-distance classifier yielded statistically similar results to the maximum likelihood classifier while requiring much less time. Multitemporal imagery increased classification accuracies on the order of 10 percent. Average classification accuracy for individual trees on all plots was 70 percent. JF - Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing AU - Thomasson, JA AU - Bennett, C W AU - Jackson, B D AU - Mailander, M P AD - U.S. Cotton Ginning Lab., ARS-USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776-0256, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 55 EP - 60 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0099-1112, 0099-1112 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - wetlands KW - classification KW - USA, Louisiana KW - trees KW - remote sensing KW - D 04200:Wetlands KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16971343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Differentiating+bottomland+tree+species+with+multispectral+videography&rft.au=Thomasson%2C+JA%3BBennett%2C+C+W%3BJackson%2C+B+D%3BMailander%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Thomasson&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=00991112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Louisiana; remote sensing; wetlands; classification; trees ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased nodulation of soybean by a strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with altered tryptophan metabolism AN - 16971001; 3625800 AB - A strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum was isolated that accumulated anthranilic acid, indole, 3-indoleacetic acid, 3-indolelactic acid and 3-indolepyruvic acid in culture. Such accumulations are indicative of altered tryptophan metabolism. Soybean plants inoculated with these bacteria formed more nodules (349 vs 159 per plant) and had more nodule mass (3.9 vs 2.2g wet wt per plant) than plants inoculated with the wild-type strain. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Hunter, W J AD - USDA-ARS, PO Box E, Ft. Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 340 EP - 342 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - symbiosis KW - nodulation KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - Glycine max KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16971001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Increased+nodulation+of+soybean+by+a+strain+of+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum+with+altered+tryptophan+metabolism&rft.au=Hunter%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Glycine max; nodulation; symbiosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of immune responses in Balb/c mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase synthetic peptide vaccine AN - 16969237; 3623916 AB - Three peptides, peptide 1 (GGDNYSDKPEPLGG), peptide 2 (LAEIKQRSLMVHGG) and peptide 3 (GGAPGEKDGKIVPAG), were synthesized based on the amino acid sequence of Brucella abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. These peptides were selected on the basis of their predicted hydrophilicity, flexibility and antigenicity profiles. The three peptides, singly or in combination, with or without the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A were administered to Balb/c mice as vaccines for brucellosis. The protective and immune responses induced by the peptide vaccines after challenge exposure to virulent B. abortus strain 2308 were compared to those obtained with salt-extractable proteins (BCSP) vaccine prepared from B. abortus strain 19, recombinant B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (rSOD) vaccine and non-vaccinated mice. Mice vaccinated with 30 mu g of peptide 3 plus 50 mu g monophosphoryl lipid A afforded two logs of protection (reduction in log sub(10) colony-forming units compared with control mice) and one log of protection when given without monophosphoryl lipid A, whereas 5 mu g of the salt-extractable proteins afforded three logs of protection. The rSOD and peptides 1 and 2 given with or without monophosphoryl lipid A afforded no protection. Superoxide dismutase-specific IgG antibody was present in postchallenge sera only if BCSP was present in the vaccine. Peptide-specific IgG antibodies were present in postchallenge sera of mice, and antibody concentrations were generally enhanced when monophosphoryl lipid A was included in the vaccine. The overall results with the peptide vaccines suggest that peptide 3 probably contains a specific sequence preferentially recognized by the cellular immune system leading to modulation of immune response mechanisms responsible for decreasing splenic infection. JF - Vaccine AU - Tabatabai, L B AU - Pugh, GW Jr AD - USDA, ARS, MWA, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., PO Box 70, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 919 EP - 924 VL - 12 IS - 10 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Balb/c KW - mice KW - superoxide dismutase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - Brucella abortus KW - peptides KW - immune response KW - antigens KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16969237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+immune+responses+in+Balb%2Fc+mice+vaccinated+with+Brucella+abortus+Cu-Zn+superoxide+dismutase+synthetic+peptide+vaccine&rft.au=Tabatabai%2C+L+B%3BPugh%2C+GW+Jr&rft.aulast=Tabatabai&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; peptides; immune response; antigens; Brucella abortus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tenacity of nesting Red-cockaded Woodpeckers after felling of the cavity tree AN - 16969177; 3623873 AB - The tenacious behavior of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) towards their cavity trees is well documented. A nestling Red-cockaded Woodpecker was observed to survive the felling of its cavity tree. The nestling subsequently fledged from the downed cavity. This observation suggests some Red-cockaded Woodpeckers will continue nesting efforts after a severe disturbance. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Watson, J C AU - Taylor, W E AU - Young, J H AD - USDA For. Serv., Francis Marion Natl. Forest, HC 69, Box 1532, Moncks Corner, SC 29461, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 221 EP - 223 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - disturbance KW - endangered species KW - Picidae KW - Picoides borealis KW - breeding sites KW - USA, South Carolina KW - site fidelity KW - nesting behavior KW - breeding success KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16969177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Tenacity+of+nesting+Red-cockaded+Woodpeckers+after+felling+of+the+cavity+tree&rft.au=Watson%2C+J+C%3BTaylor%2C+W+E%3BYoung%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; Picidae; USA, South Carolina; nesting behavior; breeding success; disturbance; endangered species; site fidelity; breeding sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Puccinia recondita and P. graminis urediniospores as affected by exposure to weather conditions at one meter AN - 16966533; 3619945 AB - Viable urediniospores and dormant mycelia are the principal inoculum sources that contribute to the establishment and development of destructive wheat rust epidemics in the central Great Plains of the United States. Inoculum survival was measured by exposing urediniospores of Puccinia recondita and P. graminis to field conditions occurring at 1 m above ground level throughout two crop years. Four phases (summer, fall, winter, and spring) important in survival of urediniospores as potential inoculum in epidemic development were used in data analysis. Survival of P. recondita and P. graminis urediniospores during wheat dormancy (winter) was reduced to 10-11 and 17-21%, respectively, within 24 h. Only 2% of P. recondita and 3% of P. graminis urediniospores survived 72 h of subfreezing temperatures, and no spores germinated after 96 h. Survival of inoculum exposed in the field during wheat green-up (spring), with daily temperatures of 18 to -4 C, was measured at 10-20% after 120 h. Trace amounts of P. recondita urediniospores remained viable for 336 h and less than 1% of P. graminis urediniospores survived for up to 456 h. During the harvest period (summer), when maximum temperatures were above 30 C and minimum temperatures were above 10 C, at least 60% of urediniospores of both species survived for 120 h, and trace amounts of germination were observed for up to 456 h. During the period of wheat-stand establishment (fall), over 50% of the urediniospores exposed in the field remained viable for 120 h, with trace amounts of survival for 456 h. Survival of urediniospores exposed to below 0 C at 1 m above ground level was not significantly different at 2,300 versus 335 m above sea level. No significant differences in survival occurred among isolates of either P. recondita or P. graminis when exposed to extended subfreezing temperatures during wheat dormancy. However, differences among isolates were observed at 72 h with extended exposure to temperatures above 0 C. JF - Phytopathology AU - Eversmeyer, M G AU - Kramer, CL AD - ARS-USDA, Dep. Plant Pathol., Div. Biol., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 332 EP - 335 VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Puccinia recondita KW - urediniospores KW - Puccinia graminis KW - Triticum aestivum KW - cold KW - weather KW - rust KW - survival KW - germination KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16966533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Puccinia+recondita+and+P.+graminis+urediniospores+as+affected+by+exposure+to+weather+conditions+at+one+meter&rft.au=Eversmeyer%2C+M+G%3BKramer%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Eversmeyer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia recondita; Puccinia graminis; Triticum aestivum; urediniospores; weather; survival; rust; germination; cold ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Salmonella enteritidis cecal and organ colonization in leghorn chicks by a defined culture of cecal bacteria and dietary lactose AN - 16966144; 3621372 AB - The effect of oral inoculation with a defined culture of cecal bacteria and provision of dietary lactose on colonization resistance to invasive Salmonella enteritidis was evaluated in leghorn chicks. A defined mixed culture composed of 11 indigenous cecal bacteria capable of utilizing lactose or lactose fermentation products as a primary carbon source was isolated and maintained in continuous-flow culture. Combine treatment with the defined culture and dietary lactose significantly decreased the number of Salmonella in the cecal contents and the number of Salmonella cecal-culture-positive chicks in four replicated trials. Additionally, Salmonella colonization in the spleen, liver, and cecal tonsils was significantly decreased in each of the trials. The results indicate that the resistance of leghorn chicks to S. enteritidis cecal and organ colonization is effectively increased by inoculation with a defined culture of cecal bacteria and provision of lactose in the diet. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Corrier, DE AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Scanlan, C M AU - Tellez, G AU - Hargis, B M AU - Deloach, J R AD - ARS-USDA, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 377 EP - 381 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - cecal bacteria KW - lactose KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - inhibition KW - colonization KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16966144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+cecal+and+organ+colonization+in+leghorn+chicks+by+a+defined+culture+of+cecal+bacteria+and+dietary+lactose&rft.au=Corrier%2C+DE%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BScanlan%2C+C+M%3BTellez%2C+G%3BHargis%2C+B+M%3BDeloach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Corrier&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; inhibition; colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of washing on polyphenols and poly-phenol oxidase in commercial mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) AN - 16965949; 3809504 AB - To explain differences in browning of skin tissue between unwashed and washed mushrooms, changes in soluble phenols, major substrates of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and PPO isozymes during washing, as well as effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on phenolic compounds in mushrooms were investigated. About 15% of the soluble phenols from the skin of mushrooms, mostly gamma -L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene (GHB) and gamma -L-glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB), were leached out during washing. Among four isozymes of partially purified PPO separated by native electrophoresis, the two faster migrating forms were leached out during washing. Phenolic compounds extracted from skin tissue were readily oxidized and degraded by 0.01% sodium hypochlorite. In a model system, NaOCl oxidized L-DOPA to a quinone, which turned black-brown, and degraded GHB and GDHB to unknown compounds. Darkening of washed mushrooms may be due to the reaction of a quinone derived from oxidation of L-DOPA or its derivatives by NaOCl. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Choi, Sang W AU - Sapers, G M AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2286 EP - 2290 VL - 42 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - polyphenols KW - polyphenol oxidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - mushroom culture KW - Agaricus bisporus KW - washing KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16965949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+washing+on+polyphenols+and+poly-phenol+oxidase+in+commercial+mushrooms+%28Agaricus+bisporus%29&rft.au=Choi%2C+Sang+W%3BSapers%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Sang&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agaricus bisporus; washing; mushroom culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Snag condition and woodpecker foraging ecology in a bottomland hardwood forest AN - 16963650; 3623887 AB - We studied woodpecker foraging behavior, snag quality, and surrounding habitat in a bottomland hardwood forest in the Stephen F. Austin Experimental Forest from December 1984 through November 1986. The amount and location of woodpecker foraging excavations indicated that woodpeckers excavated mainly at the well-decayed tops and bases of snags. Woodpeckers preferred to forage on oaks (Quercus spp.) (snags and live trees) whereas blue beech (Carpinus caroliniana) and red maple (Acer rubrum) were used less than expected. Snags used for foraging excavations were generally 3-10 m in height, mainly located in older stands, and lacked bark at excavated foraging sites. In the bottomland habitat, Downy Woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens) foraged on smaller diameter substrates and used more tree species than other woodpecker species. Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) foraged either near the ground or in the upper zones of trees. Red-bellied Woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) used a restricted range of tree diameters and locations in trees. Red-headed Woodpeckers (M. erythrocephalus) used the greatest diversity of foraging methods and foraged on the largest range of tree diameters. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Jones, S D AU - Jones, G D AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silvic. Lab., Southern Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 242 EP - 257 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - foraging behavior KW - Picidae KW - habitat preferences KW - riparian environments KW - USA, Texas KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16963650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Snag+condition+and+woodpecker+foraging+ecology+in+a+bottomland+hardwood+forest&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BJones%2C+S+D%3BJones%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picidae; USA, Texas; foraging behavior; forests; riparian environments; habitat preferences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sculptured seeding: An ecological approach to revegetation AN - 16963007; 3615358 AB - The sculptured seeding technique, an ecological approach to revegetation based on a knowledge and understanding of the natural vegetation of an area, establishes a diverse, effective native plant community capable of regeneration and plant succession. It is intended to match site capability with plant species known to thrive under particular conditions. Sculptured seeding is an option available to land managers interested in establishing and maintaining adapted native species and ecotypes within the limits of current technology and available seed sources. JF - Restoration & Management Notes AU - Jacobson, E T AU - Wark, D B AU - Arnott, R G AU - Haas, R J AU - Tober, DA AD - USDA-Soil Conserv. Serv., Midwest Natl. Tech. Cent., Fed. Build., Rm. 152, 100 Centennial Mall North, Lincoln, NE 68508-3866, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 46 EP - 50 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0733-0707, 0733-0707 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - indigenous species KW - grasses KW - prairies KW - environmental restoration KW - methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16963007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.atitle=Sculptured+seeding%3A+An+ecological+approach+to+revegetation&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+E+T%3BWark%2C+D+B%3BArnott%2C+R+G%3BHaas%2C+R+J%3BTober%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.issn=07330707&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - methodology; environmental restoration; grasses; indigenous species; prairies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antifungal activity of natural compounds against thiabendazole-resistant Fusarium sambucinum strains AN - 16962603; 3616000 AB - Several natural compounds that had been previously identified as effective potato sprout inhibitors were examined for antifungal activity against three thiabendazole (TBZ)-resistant strains and a TBZ-sensitive (wild-type) strain of Fusarium sambucinum. Salicylaldehyde was the most inhibitory compound of those tested when applied as a volatile and completely inhibited fungal growth at headspace gas levels of 20 mu g/mL or lower. Cinnamaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, and thymol prevented all growth when incorporated in media at 0.1% (v/v) levels. TBZ-resistant strains were only partially inhibited by TBZ concentrations that completely inhibited the wild-type strain. Treatment of tubers with compounds after wounding and inoculation with fungal spores was generally ineffective in suppressing dry rot, possibly due to lack of direct contact between the fungi and the compounds. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Spencer, G F AD - Bioactive Const. Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 200 EP - 203 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - salicylaldehyde KW - cinnamaldehyde KW - thymol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium sambucinum KW - antifungal agents KW - antifungal activity KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16962603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Antifungal+activity+of+natural+compounds+against+thiabendazole-resistant+Fusarium+sambucinum+strains&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+S+F%3BSpencer%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium sambucinum; antifungal activity; antifungal agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance study of the osmoregulation of phosphocholine-substituted beta -1,3; 1,6 cyclic glucan and its associated carbon metabolism in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 AN - 16962272; 3620628 AB - A phosphocholine-substituted beta -1,3; 1,6 cyclic glucan (PCCG), an unusual cyclic oligosaccharide, has been isolated from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110. Data presented here suggest that PCCG synthesis is dependent on the carbon metabolism and that osmotic regulation of its biosynthesis parallels regulation of membrane-derived oligosaccharide biosynthesis observed in Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Growth of B. japonicum USDA 110 cells in the reference medium at relatively low osmotic pressures (LO) (65 mosmol/kg of H sub(2)0) caused a large accumulation of PCCG and unsubstituted beta -1,3; 1,6 cyclic glucans (CG). Sucrose and polyethylene glycol, nonionic osmotica, reduce all growth rates and inhibit almost completely the production of PCCG at high osmotic pressures (HO) above 650 and 400 mosmol/kg of H sub(2)O), respectively. The production of PCCG/CG in response to hypoosmotic shocking of stationary-phase cells was found to be directly linked to the interconversion of stored glycogen. Hyperosmotic shocking of LO-grown stationary-phase cells with sucrose had no effect on the content of previously synthesized CG/PCCG. The PCCG/CG content and its osmotically induced biosynthesis are discussed in terms of carbon metabolism and a possible role in hypoosmotic adaptation in B. japonicum USDA 110. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Pfeffer, P E AU - Becard, G AU - Rolin, D B AU - Uknalis, J AU - Cooke, P AU - Tu, Shu-i AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2137 EP - 2146 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - carbon KW - 1,3 cyclic glucan KW - 1,6 cyclic glucan KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - osmoregulation KW - metabolism KW - N.M.R. KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16962272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=In+vivo+nuclear+magnetic+resonance+study+of+the+osmoregulation+of+phosphocholine-substituted+beta+-1%2C3%3B+1%2C6+cyclic+glucan+and+its+associated+carbon+metabolism+in+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum+USDA+110&rft.au=Pfeffer%2C+P+E%3BBecard%2C+G%3BRolin%2C+D+B%3BUknalis%2C+J%3BCooke%2C+P%3BTu%2C+Shu-i&rft.aulast=Pfeffer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium japonicum; metabolism; osmoregulation; N.M.R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - General stochastic unit hydrograph AN - 16961500; 3624339 AB - Unit hydrographs for a gaged site can be determined from observed events. If several events are used for the derivation, several unit hydrographs result. An averaging procedure must be used to achieve a single representative unit hydrograph. The variability is due to inherent uncertainty in the rainfall processes and to inadequacies in the basic model. It is appropriate to consider the unit hydrograph itself a random function. This paper develops a stochastic expression for the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) based upon the Nash cascade. This conceptual model holds the number of reservoirs constant, while treating the reservoir constant as a random variable. Records of 24 storm events, observed on a 12.2-km super(2) watershed located in north central Missouri, were studied. The results of the study indicate that the stochastic model can be used to estimate the hydrograph. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Hjelmfelt, A AU - Wang, M AD - USDA-ARS, Agr. Eng. Bldg., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 138 EP - 148 VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - reservoirs KW - stochastic hydrology KW - rainfall KW - gaging stations KW - unit hydrographs KW - USA, Missouri KW - watersheds KW - storms KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16961500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=General+stochastic+unit+hydrograph&rft.au=Hjelmfelt%2C+A%3BWang%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hjelmfelt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - unit hydrographs; gaging stations; model studies; rainfall; storms; reservoirs; stochastic hydrology; watersheds; USA, Missouri ER - TY - CONF T1 - Use of provenance tests to predict response to climatic change: Loblolly pine and Norway spruce AN - 16961462; 3618834 AB - Provenance tests are often used to determine genetic responses of seed sources to transfer to different climates. This study was undertaken to determine whether provenance tests can be used to predict tree response to rapid climate changes in situ. Data from provenance tests of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) and other southern pines (subsect, AUSTRALES Loud.) were interpreted using regression models to relate growth to temperature variables. Results of different plantings were combined by expressing growth as a percent deviation from the "local" source, and expressing temperature at the source as a deviation from that of the planting site. The results of the loblolly pine and Norway spruce models predicted a loss of about 5 to 10% in height growth below that expected for a genetically adapted seed source, if the average yearly temperature increases by 4 degree C. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Schmidtling, R Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 805 EP - 817 VL - 14 IS - 7-9 KW - geographical variations KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pinus taeda KW - Picea abies KW - growth KW - climatic changes KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16961462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+provenance+tests+to+predict+response+to+climatic+change%3A+Loblolly+pine+and+Norway+spruce&rft.au=Schmidtling%2C+R&rft.aulast=Schmidtling&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7-9&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - alpha -Tomatine determination in tomatoes by HPLC using pulsed amperometric detection AN - 16961392; 3809512 AB - As part of a program to control the biosynthesis of glycoalkaloids, we used an improved HPLC method with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) to measure the alpha -tomatine content of store-bought and field-grown, including transgenic, red, and green tomatoes. The HPLC method responded linearly to alpha -tomatine in the range 0.125-12.5 mu g, suggesting a lower limit of detection of about 125 ng of alkaloid. Recoveries from tomato extracts spiked with alpha -tomatine ranged from 97 to 107%. alpha -Tomatine and a new glycoalkaloid tentatively identified as dehydrotomatine, whose molecular mass determined by mass spectrometry is 2 Da less than that of alpha -tomatine, separated well on the HPLC column. The ratio of alpha -tomatine to dehydrotomatine in commercially available standards was approximately 10:1. The alpha -tomatine content of ripe red tomatoes ranged from 0.03 to 0.6 mg/100 g of fresh weight. The corresponding values for unripe green tomatoes ranged from 4 to 17 mg/100 g of fresh weight. These results show that the ratio of alpha -tomatine content for the highest concentration in green tomatoes to the lowest value in red tomatoes is more than 500. The difference in alpha -tomatine content of transgenic and nontransgenic tomatoes, at the same level of ripeness, was negligible. Possible applications of the HPLC-PAD method are discussed. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Friedman, M AU - Levin, CE AU - McDonald, G M AD - Food Saf. and Health Res. Unit, West. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1959 EP - 1964 VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - alpha -tomatine KW - glycoalkaloids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - assays KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16961392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=alpha+-Tomatine+determination+in+tomatoes+by+HPLC+using+pulsed+amperometric+detection&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M%3BLevin%2C+CE%3BMcDonald%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - high-performance liquid chromatography; assays; Lycopersicon esculentum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics and pattern of a managed coniferous forest landscape in Oregon AN - 16961155; 3615348 AB - We examined the process of fragmentation in a managed forest landscape by comparing rates and patterns of disturbance (primarily clear-cutting) and regrowth between 1972 and 1988 using Landsat imagery. A 2589-km super(2) managed forest landscape in western Oregon was classified into two forest types, closed-canopy conifer forest (CF) (typically, >60% conifer cover) and other forest and nonforest types (OT) (typically, 914 m) maintained a greater percentage of CF than lower elevations (<914 m). The percentage of the area at the edge of the two cover types increased on all ownerships and in both elevational zones, whereas the amount of interior habitat (defined as CF at least 100 m from OT) decreased on all ownerships and elevational zones. By 1988 public lands contained ) 45% interior habitat while private lands had 12% interior habitat. Mean interior patch area declined from 160 to 62 ha. The annual rate of disturbance (primarily clear-cutting) for the entire area including the wilderness was 1.19%, which corresponds to a cutting rotation of 84 yr. The forest landscape was not in a steady state or regulated condition which is not projected to occur for at least 40 yr under current forest plans. Variability in cutting rates within ownerships was higher on private land than on nonreserve public land. However, despite the use of dispersed cutting patterns on public land, spatial patterns of cutting and remnant forest patches were nonuniform across the entire public ownership. Large remaining patches (<5000 ha) of contiguous interior forest were restricted to public lands designated for uses other than timber production such as wilderness areas and research natural areas. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Spies, T A AU - Ripple, W J AU - Bradshaw, G A AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 555 EP - 568 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - landscape KW - USA, Oregon KW - habitat fragmentation KW - conifers KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16961155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Dynamics+and+pattern+of+a+managed+coniferous+forest+landscape+in+Oregon&rft.au=Spies%2C+T+A%3BRipple%2C+W+J%3BBradshaw%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Spies&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Oregon; forest management; landscape; conifers; habitat fragmentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing agricultural phosphorus for protection of surface waters: Issues and options AN - 16960675; 3619687 AB - The accelerated eutrophication of most freshwaters is limited by P inputs, Nonpoint sources of P in agricultural runoff now contribute a greater portion of freshwater inputs, due to easier identification and recent control of point sources. Although P management is an integral part of profitable agrisystems, continued inputs of fertilizer and manure P in excess of crop requirements have led to a build-up of soil P levels, which are of environmental rather than agronomic concern, particularly in areas of intensive crop and livestock production. Thus, the main issues facing the establishment of economically and environmentally sound P management systems are the identification of soil P levels that are of environmental concern; targeting specific controls for different water quality objectives within watersheds; and balancing economic with environmental values. In developing effective options, we have brought together agricultural and limnological expertise to prioritize watershed management practices and remedial strategies to mitigate nonpoint-source impacts of agricultural P. Options include runoff and erosion control and P-source management, based on eutrophic rather than agronomic considerations. Current soil test P methods may screen soils on which the aquatic bioavailability of P should be estimated. Landowner options to more efficiently utilize manure P include basing application rates on soil vulnerability to P loss in runoff, manure analysis, and programs encouraging manure movement to a greater hectareage. Targeting source areas may be achieved by use of indices to rank soil vulnerability to P loss in runoff and lake sensitivity to P inputs. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Chapra, S C AU - Wedepohl, R AU - Sims, J T AU - Daniel, T C AU - Reddy, K R AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Agric. Water Qual. Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702-1430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 437 EP - 451 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - agricultural chemicals KW - economic analysis KW - economic aspects KW - environmental management KW - nonpoint pollution KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - pollution control KW - soil organic matter KW - water pollution control KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - biogeochemistry KW - manure KW - agricultural runoff KW - water pollution KW - surface water KW - phosphorus KW - eutrophication KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Managing+agricultural+phosphorus+for+protection+of+surface+waters%3A+Issues+and+options&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BChapra%2C+S+C%3BWedepohl%2C+R%3BSims%2C+J+T%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BReddy%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - manure; biogeochemistry; agricultural runoff; surface water; eutrophication; phosphorus; water pollution; economic analysis; pollution control; water pollution control; nonpoint pollution; agricultural chemicals; nonpoint pollution sources; soil organic matter; economic aspects ER - TY - CONF T1 - Changes in gas exchange characteristics during the life span of giant sequoia: Implications for response to current and future concentrations of atmospheric ozone AN - 16960188; 3618480 AB - Native stands of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum Bucholz) are being exposed to relatively high concentrations of atmospheric ozone produced in urban and agricultural areas upwind. The expected change in environmental conditions over the next 100 years is likely to be unprecedented in the life span (about 2,500 years) of giant sequoia. We determined changes in physiological responses of three age classes of giant sequoia (current-year, 12-, and 125-year-old) to differing concentrations of ozone, and assessed age-related differences in sensitivity to pollutants by examining physiological changes (gas exchange, water use efficiency) across the life span of giant sequoia (current-year, 2-, 5-, 20-, 125-, and > 2,000-year-old trees). The CO sub(2) exchange rate (CER) was greater in current-year (12.1 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1)) and 2-year-old seedlings (4.8 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1)) than in all older trees (3.0 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1), averaged across the four older age classes). Dark respiration was highest for current-year seedlings (-6.5 plus or minus 0.7 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1)) and was increased twofold in symptomatic individuals exposed to elevated ozone concentrations. Stomatal conductance (g sub(s)) was greater in current year (355 mmol H sub(2)O m super(-2) s super(-1)) and 2-year-old seedlings (200 mmol H sub(2)O m super(-2) s super(-1)) than in all older trees (50 mmol H sub(2)O m super(-2) s super(-1)), indicating that the ozone concentration in substomatal cavities is higher in young seedlings than in trees. Significant changes in water use efficiency, as indicated by C sub(i)/C sub(a), occurred in trees between ages 5 and 20 years. We conclude that giant sequoias seedlings are sensitive to atmospheric ozone until they are about 5 years old. Low conductance, high water use efficiency, and compact mesophyll all contribute to a natural ozone tolerance, or defense, or both, in foliage of older trees. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Grulke, N E AU - Miller, PR Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 659 EP - 668 VL - 14 IS - 7-9 KW - gas exchange KW - ozone KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Sequoiadendron giganteum KW - pollution tolerance KW - air pollution KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+gas+exchange+characteristics+during+the+life+span+of+giant+sequoia%3A+Implications+for+response+to+current+and+future+concentrations+of+atmospheric+ozone&rft.au=Grulke%2C+N+E%3BMiller%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Grulke&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7-9&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of lignocellulose in Bermuda grass by white rot fungi analyzed by solid-state super(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance AN - 16960138; 3625838 AB - Following the solid-state fermentation of Bermuda grass by two lignin-degrading white rot fungi, compositional changes have been observed in situ by utilization of cross-polarization and magic angle spinning super(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance difference spectra and interrupted decoupling spectra. Intensity differences in the super(13)C resonances assigned to specific components of the cell wall were used to observe these changes. Bermuda grass treated with Phanerochaete chrysosporium K-3 exhibited losses primarily in the polysaccharide components, with a smaller proportion of phenolic components also being degraded. In contrast, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora FP 90031-sp removed a proportionate amount of phenolic components compared with polysaccharide components. The results also indicated that C. subvermispora preferentially removes guaiacyl phenolic components relative to syringyl phenolic components, while P. chrysosporium was nonspecific in its attack on phenolic components. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Gamble, G R AU - Sethuraman, A AU - Akin, DE AU - Eriksson, K-EL AD - Russell Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3138 EP - 3144 VL - 60 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cellulose KW - lignocellulose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - biodegradation KW - Ceriporiopsis subvermispora KW - fungi KW - N.M.R. KW - white rot KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+lignocellulose+in+Bermuda+grass+by+white+rot+fungi+analyzed+by+solid-state+super%2813%29C+nuclear+magnetic+resonance&rft.au=Gamble%2C+G+R%3BSethuraman%2C+A%3BAkin%2C+DE%3BEriksson%2C+K-EL&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; fungi; N.M.R.; white rot; Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Ceriporiopsis subvermispora ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preharvest furrow and drip irrigation schedule effects on postharvest muskmelon quality AN - 16959925; 3623979 AB - A two-year study was conducted on the effects of furrow or drip irrigation applied 1, 2 or 4 days prior to harvest (following all plots having been watered 8 days prior to harvest) on the postharvest quality of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) fruits cv. Magnum 45. Fruit firmness was not affected by irrigation method or application time. Regardless of irrigation method, water applied at 4 days prior to harvest produced fruit with significantly lower soluble solids concentration SSC (10.8% vs. 12.2%) greater volume (1684 vs. 1508 cm super(3)) and greater moisture content (88.5% vs. 87.4%) compared to no watering after 8 days prior to harvest. No consistent differences were found with fruit SSC, volume moisture content or taste of fruits from plots where water was applied 1 or 2 days prior to harvest compared to fruits receiving no water after 8 days. Significantly lower sweetness and overall preference ratings were found for fruit from plots drip-irrigated 4 days prior to harvest compared to those that received no water after 8 days. In contrast, only sensory ratings of fruits from furrow-irrigated plots might indicate that watering 1 and 2 days prior to harvest may be as detrimental to quality as water applied at 4 days prior to harvest. JF - Postharvest Biology and Technology AU - Lester, GE AU - Oebker, N F AU - Coons, J AD - USDA-ARS, Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., 2301 S. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 57 EP - 63 VL - 4 IS - 1-2 SN - 0925-5214, 0925-5214 KW - harvesting KW - frequency KW - effects on KW - food quality KW - muskmelon KW - Cucumis melo reticulatus KW - irrigation programs KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - agriculture KW - irrigation KW - crops KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - R 18121:Flavor & aroma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16959925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Preharvest+furrow+and+drip+irrigation+schedule+effects+on+postharvest+muskmelon+quality&rft.au=Lester%2C+GE%3BOebker%2C+N+F%3BCoons%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.issn=09255214&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cucumis melo reticulatus; agricultural practices; irrigation; agriculture; irrigation programs; crops; harvesting; frequency; food quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of agricultural drainage well closure on crop production: A watershed case study AN - 16958941; 3618390 AB - Much of north-central Iowa is characterized by flat topography, shallow depressions, and poor natural surface drainage. Land drainage systems comprising of tile drains and agricultural drainage wells (ADWs) are used as outlets for subsurface drainage of cropland under corn and soybean production. Studies have shown that these drainage systems, mainly the ADWs, are potential routes for agricultural chemicals to underground aquifers. To protect the region's vital groundwater resource, researchers are evaluating alternative outlets ranging from complete closure of existing ADWs (and creation of wetlands) to continued use of ADWs and chemical management in a comprehensive policy framework. This paper presents the results of a study designed to provide government jurisdictions, farmers, and land managers information for assessing the impact of closing ADWs on crop production. The study couples a geographic information systems database for a 471-hectare watershed in Humboldt County, Iowa, with a groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) and an empirical crop yield loss model to predict long-term effects of complete closure of ADWs on crop production. The cropland areas inundated and the relative crop yield loss due to ADW closure are determined as a function of long-term climatic data. The results indicate that elimination of drainage outlets in the watershed could result in ponding of low-lying areas and poorly drained soils, making them unsuitable for crop production. Such wetness also decreases the efficiency of production in the no-ponding areas by isolating fields, and the crop yield loss can be reduced by an annual average of about 18 percent. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Tim, U S AU - Anderson, CE AU - Woestman, T AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA-ARS, 4500 Glenwood Dr., Riverside, CA 92501, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 687 EP - 704 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - MODFLOW KW - agricultural drainage KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - groundwater KW - case studies KW - subsurface drainage KW - USA, Iowa KW - water pollution sources KW - drainage wells KW - water management KW - watersheds KW - crop production KW - SW 0810:General KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+agricultural+drainage+well+closure+on+crop+production%3A+A+watershed+case+study&rft.au=Mohanty%2C+B+P%3BTim%2C+U+S%3BAnderson%2C+CE%3BWoestman%2C+T&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=687&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drainage wells; watersheds; case studies; crop production; subsurface drainage; water pollution sources; water management; groundwater; USA, Iowa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cattle serologically positive for Brucella abortus have antibodies to R. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase AN - 16958500; 3616973 AB - In this study, we demonstrated by a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay that cattle that are serologically positive for Brucella abortus have serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. The specificity of the antibody reactivity was confirmed by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with B. abortus salt-extractable proteins containing native Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and with recombinant B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. The results represent a first step in the direction of the development of a multiprotein diagnostic reagent for bovine brucellosis. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Tabatabai, L B AU - Hennager, S G AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 506 EP - 510 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - superoxide dismutase KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - antibodies KW - diagnosis KW - brucellosis KW - Brucella abortus KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Cattle+serologically+positive+for+Brucella+abortus+have+antibodies+to+R.+abortus+Cu-Zn+superoxide+dismutase&rft.au=Tabatabai%2C+L+B%3BHennager%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Tabatabai&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; antibodies; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; brucellosis; diagnosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of an antiserum to quantify Aphanomyces euteiches in resistant pea lines AN - 16958172; 3620387 AB - A polyclonal antiserum was developed that strongly reacted with antigens produced by mycelia and zoospores of Aphanomyces euteiches. The antiserum did not react with antigens produced by species of Phytophthora, Fusarium, and Phythium (except for a slight reaction with antigens produced by P. ultimum) and by Rhizoctonia solani AG-4. Resistant and susceptible pea (Pisum sativum) lines were compared for response to A. euteiches development by assaying inoculated roots using this antiserum. There was a slower buildup of A. euteiches in taproots of the resistant germ plasm lines 86-2236 and 90-2131 and PI 180693 when exposed to 100 zoospores per milliliter after 7 days. After 9 days and an inoculum level of either 100 or 1,000 zoospores per milliliter, only PI 180693 and line 90-2131 were resistant, as indicated by lower ELISA readings (A sub(405nm)). The ELISA response was linear with increasing amounts of antigen. The results showed that in resistant pea roots, growth of A. euteiches within inoculated tissues was inhibited. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kraft, J M AU - Boge, W L AD - ARS-USDA, Route 2, Box 2953A, Prosser, WA 99350-9687, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 179 EP - 183 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - Aphanomyces euteiches KW - antisera KW - Pisum sativum KW - root rot KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+antiserum+to+quantify+Aphanomyces+euteiches+in+resistant+pea+lines&rft.au=Kraft%2C+J+M%3BBoge%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; antisera; root rot; Aphanomyces euteiches; Pisum sativum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic rate of American Woodcock AN - 16958096; 3623894 AB - We measured metabolic rate of captive-reared American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) by indirect calorimetry. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) averaged 1.22 plus or minus 0.18 ml O sub(2) g super(-1)h super(-1) (N = 5). Lower critical temperature was 22 degree C. Below thermoneutrality, the relationship between metabolic rate (VO sub(2)) and ambient temperature (T sub(a)) was best described by the equation: VO sub(2) = 2.047 - 0.0375(T sub(a)), (r super(2) = 0.62, N = 29). Although BMR for American Woodcock was greater than that predicted by some generalized equations for non-passerines, it did not follow the elevated pattern for shorebirds predicted by the equation of Kersten and Piersma (1987). Lower BMR in American Woodcock may result from lower annual peaks of energy use compared to other shorebirds. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Vander Haegen, WM AU - Owen, RB Jr AU - Krohn, W B AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., 5 Godfrey Dr., Orono, ME 04473, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 338 EP - 343 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Scolopax minor KW - metabolic rate KW - calorimetry KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Metabolic+rate+of+American+Woodcock&rft.au=Vander+Haegen%2C+WM%3BOwen%2C+RB+Jr%3BKrohn%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Vander+Haegen&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scolopax minor; metabolic rate; calorimetry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historical use of bamboo/cane as blackbird and starling roosting habitat: Implications for roost management AN - 16958058; 3623882 AB - The historical use of bamboo/cane as blackbird and starling roosting habitat was analyzed from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service roost survey reports to assess the potential for shifting roosting populations away from objectionable urban sites where there may be nuisance or human health concerns. The following criteria were used to assess this potential: (1) frequent historical use by blackbirds and starlings compared with other habitat; (2) history of accommodating high bird densities on a limited area compared with other habitat; (3) history of repeated localized utilization by roosting blackbirds and starlings; (4) history of utilization over a wide geographic range; and (5) history of occupation by starlings and all major blackbird species. Of the diverse habitat historically reported to be used by wintering blackbirds and starlings for roosting, bamboo/cane uniquely appeared to meet all criteria as a widely used habitat that supports maximum densities of all primary roosting species. The possible ecological attractiveness of bamboo/cane as roosting habitat is discussed. Although the data are lacking to suggest that cane is sufficiently attractive to shift roosting behavior of blackbirds and starlings from objectionable sites, bamboo/cane is clearly a candidate for further research into this concept. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Glahn, J F AU - Flynt, R D AU - Hill, E P AD - USDA-ARS, Mississippi Res. Stn., P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MI 39762-6099, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 237 EP - 246 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - control programs KW - Icteridae KW - historical account KW - USA KW - roosts KW - Sturnus vulgaris KW - habitat utilization KW - D 04700:Management KW - Y 25886:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Historical+use+of+bamboo%2Fcane+as+blackbird+and+starling+roosting+habitat%3A+Implications+for+roost+management&rft.au=Glahn%2C+J+F%3BFlynt%2C+R+D%3BHill%2C+E+P&rft.aulast=Glahn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sturnus vulgaris; Icteridae; USA; roosts; habitat utilization; historical account; control programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why are predator urines aversive to prey? AN - 16957942; 3615367 AB - Predator odors often repel prey species. In the present experiments, we investigated whether changes in the diet of a predator, the coyote (Canis latrans) would affect the repellency of its urine. Furthermore, because predator odors have a high sulfur content, reflecting large amounts of meat in the diet, we investigated the contribution of sulfurous odors to repellency. Our results were consistent with the hypothesis that diet composition and sulfurous metabolites of meat digestion are important for the repellency of predator odors to potential prey. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Nolte, D L AU - Mason, J R AU - Epple, G AU - Aronov, E AU - Campbell, D L AD - USDA Anim. and Plant Health Inspect. Serv., Anim. Damage Contr., Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 1835 Black Lake, Blvd., Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1505 EP - 1516 VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - odors KW - mice KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - predator-prey interactions KW - Peromyscus maniculatus KW - Canis latrans KW - urine KW - Aplodontia rufa KW - Cavia porcellus KW - avoidance behavior KW - urine odors KW - prey KW - Mus musculus KW - predators KW - Y 25697:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - R 18060:Others KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16957942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Why+are+predator+urines+aversive+to+prey%3F&rft.au=Nolte%2C+D+L%3BMason%2C+J+R%3BEpple%2C+G%3BAronov%2C+E%3BCampbell%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis latrans; Aplodontia rufa; Cavia porcellus; Mus musculus; Peromyscus maniculatus; predators; avoidance behavior; prey; urine; predator-prey interactions; urine odors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing weed community seedling emergence for a semiarid site in Colorado AN - 16957386; 3615346 AB - This study characterized the emergence pattern of a weed community of 16 species between April 1 and August 31 over a 7-yr period. Weed seedlings were counted weekly in quadrats established in winter wheat stubble within no-till and conventional-till production systems. Weed emergence showed two peaks, the first between April 25 and May 9, and the second between May 30 and June 13. Tillage did not affect the weed community emergence pattern. Knowledge of weed community emergence pattern in conjunction with crop simulation models could be used to suggest cultural practices such as optimal planting dates that favor a crop over weeds, and possibly reduce herbicide use for within-crop weed control. JF - Weed Science AU - Anderson, R L AD - Res. Agron., ARS-USDA, Akron, CO 80720, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 245 EP - 249 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Colorado KW - emergence KW - weeds KW - seedlings KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16957386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Characterizing+weed+community+seedling+emergence+for+a+semiarid+site+in+Colorado&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Colorado; seedlings; weeds; emergence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of clomazone on biosynthesis of geosmin by Streptomyces tendae and Penicillium expansum AN - 16956456; 3609848 AB - Cultures of Streptomyces tendae grown on Actinomyces medium containing clomazone contained less geosmin 48 h after inoculation than untreated controls, suggesting a possible inhibition of reactions prior to sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. However, exposure to clomazone increased geosmin accumulation in S. tendae cultures grown on Hickey-Tresner medium and in cultures of the fungus Penicillium expansum. Additionally, clomazone increased accumulation of a sesquiterpenoid tentatively identified as a eudesmol in S. tendae, indicating possible point(s) of inhibition subsequent to sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. Geosmin biosynthesis was induced by transferring cultures of S. tendae inoculated on Actinomyces medium to Hickey-Tresner medium 24 h after inoculation. When harvested at 48 h, geosmin biosynthesis-induced-cultures exposed to clomazone contained more geosmin than untreated controls, indicating that response of a single taxon to clomazone can be rapidly altered by changing medium composition. JF - Weed Science AU - Dionigi, C P AD - Res. Plant Physiol., USDA-ARS, South. Reg. Res. Ctr., 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 148 EP - 152 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - geosmin KW - clomazone KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - herbicides KW - media (culture) KW - Streptomyces tendae KW - Penicillium expansum KW - Streptomyces rochei KW - biosynthesis KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16956456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+clomazone+on+biosynthesis+of+geosmin+by+Streptomyces+tendae+and+Penicillium+expansum&rft.au=Dionigi%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Dionigi&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptomyces tendae; Penicillium expansum; Streptomyces rochei; biosynthesis; media (culture); herbicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyrrolnitrin production by biological control agent Pseudomonas cepacia B37w in culture and in colonized wounds of potatoes AN - 16956097; 3624067 AB - Bacterial strain B37w (= NRRL B-14858), an isolate noteworthy because it inhibits the growth of the bioherbicide fungus Colletotrichum truncatum, was selected for further studies of bacterial antifungal properties. This isolate was identified as a Pseudomonas cepacia strain by performing carbohydrate utilization and fatty acid profile analyses, as well as other biochemical and physiological tests. Petri plate assays revealed that strain B37w exhibited antifungal activity against the potato dry rot fungus Fusarium sambucinum. Using bioautography, we correlated antifungal activity with production of a specific compound. Isolation from strain B37w and identification of the antifungal antibiotic pyrrolnitrin are described. A whole-potato assay revealed B37w's ability to colonize potato wounds. This is the first report of P. cepacia or pyrrolnitrin activity against the economically important potato pathogen F. sambucinum. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Burkhead, K D AU - Schisler, DA AU - Slininger, P J AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res., USDA/ARS/NCAUR, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2031 EP - 2039 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - B37w KW - pyrrolnitrin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - wounds KW - Fusarium sambucinum KW - biological control KW - antifungal agents KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - production KW - Pseudomonas cepacia KW - colonization KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16956097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Pyrrolnitrin+production+by+biological+control+agent+Pseudomonas+cepacia+B37w+in+culture+and+in+colonized+wounds+of+potatoes&rft.au=Burkhead%2C+K+D%3BSchisler%2C+DA%3BSlininger%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Burkhead&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2031&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wounds; biological control; antifungal agents; production; colonization; Fusarium sambucinum; Solanum tuberosum; Pseudomonas cepacia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results of Parshall flume tests AN - 16955943; 3624332 AB - Presented are: (1) A reanalysis of Parshall's original experimental data obtained for the improved Venturi (Parshall) flume; and (2) a reanalysis of data obtained by the writer during model tests of the Parshall flumes at the rate measuring stations installed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service (SCS) on the Waco, Tex., Blacklands experimental watershed. Parshall's and the Waco data were originally analyzed graphically to develop rating equations. The reanalysis used the least-squares method. The reanalysis shows that in the head-discharge equation the Waco coefficient and exponent do not vary with flume size, whereas Parshall's exponent varies with flume size for the 0.30 m (1 ft) to 2.44 m (8 ft) flumes and the coefficient varies with flume size for the 3.05 m (10 ft) and larger flumes. The quality of both sets of data is excellent: no explanation has been found for the albeit small differences. The reanalysis lends confidence that the equations presented by Parshall predict the discharge to within the 5% accuracy claimed by Parshall. Similar accuracy is obtained using the writer's equations. The Waco data show that the entrance wingwalls should be curved and that the head-discharge relationship is valid for heads as low as 18 mm (0.06 ft). JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Blaisdell, F W AD - Hydrol. Eng. Res. Unit, Plant Sci. and Water Conserv. Lab., ARS-USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 278 EP - 291 VL - 120 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Parshall flume KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model testing KW - flumes KW - least squares method KW - data interpretation KW - experimental basins KW - calibrations KW - stream discharge KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Results+of+Parshall+flume+tests&rft.au=Blaisdell%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Blaisdell&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flumes; stream discharge; model testing; experimental basins; least squares method; data interpretation; calibrations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography AN - 16955778; 3624291 AB - The fate of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products (HADPs) has not been studied extensively in aquatic environments because there are no published quantitative analytical methods that do not use radioisotopes. This paper presents a new method that has been developed to analyze these degradation products in water. Three HADPs, hydroxyatrazine (HA), deethylhydroxyatrazine (DEHA), and deisopropylhydroxyatrazine (DIHA), were extracted, concentrated, and purified from spiked (1 or 5 ppb) laboratory water and stream water samples (0.25 L) using SCX (propylbenzenesulfonic acid) cation-exchange, solid-phase extraction columns. They were then separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography using a deactivated, reversed-phase octyl (C sub(8)) column with UV detection at 220 nm. The limit of quantitation was 0.13 ppb for HA and 0.40 ppb for the two N-dealkylated HADPs. Recoveries of 5 ppb HADP spikes from stream water containing 5.6-13.5 ppm of dissolved organic C averaged 89.1 plus or minus 6.0% (mean plus or minus standard deviation) for HA, 87.1 plus or minus 3.7% for DEHA, and 90.4 plus or minus 4.2% for DIHA. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Lerch, R N AU - Donald, W W AD - USDA-ARS, Cropping Syst. Water Qual. Res. Unit, 269 Agric. Eng. Bldg., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 922 EP - 927 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - atrazine KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - chromatography KW - chemical analysis KW - degradation KW - herbicides KW - analytical methods KW - water analysis KW - byproducts KW - aquatic environment KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+hydroxylated+atrazine+degradation+products+in+water+using+solid-phase+extraction+and+high-performance+liquid+chromatography&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BDonald%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - degradation; chromatography; aquatic environment; water analysis; herbicides; byproducts; analytical methods; chemical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approximate form of Green-Ampt infiltration equation AN - 16955562; 3624340 AB - We develop an approximation of the Green-Ampt infiltration equation by using the first two terms of a Taylor-series expansion of the equation. The resulting approximate equation is in the form of the Philip's equation, with an added term to account for the error in the approximation. The Taylor-series approximation is compared with Li et al.'s 1976 quadratic approximation for the case of constant rainfall with variable time to ponding. The maximum error for the new approximation is about 3.5%; and the maximum error for the quadratic approximation is about 8%. For a range of values of the ratio of infiltrated depth to capillary potential of 0.1 to 150 the approximation of the Taylor series fits the Green-Ampt infiltrated depth more closely than the quadratic approximation. It is shown that the approximation of the Taylor series gives less error than the quadratic approximation for coarser textured soils. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Stone, J J AU - Hawkins, R H AU - Shirley, ED AD - USDA-ARS-SWRC, 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719-1596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 128 EP - 137 VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Green-Ampt KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - computers KW - soil texture KW - mathematical studies KW - rainfall KW - infiltration KW - capillarity KW - ponding KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Approximate+form+of+Green-Ampt+infiltration+equation&rft.au=Stone%2C+J+J%3BHawkins%2C+R+H%3BShirley%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mathematical studies; infiltration; soil texture; capillarity; computers; ponding; rainfall ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maximum surface storage provided by crop residue AN - 16955523; 3624316 AB - Small ponds created by crop residue serve to store water on upland areas. The present study is conducted to identify the maximum surface storage provided by crop residue. Equations for estimating surface storage are derived assuming that residue elements were oriented end to end, at uniform intervals, in a direction perpendicular to flow. Separate equations are developed for conditions where average slope was greater than or equal to residue cover, or less than residue cover. Both equations relate average surface-storage depth to residue cover, residue diameter, and average slope. Data to test the reliability of the equations are obtained in a laboratory investigation. Artificial residue elements are glued onto a 1-m super(2) test section positioned at slopes of 1%, 10%, or 20%. Four sizes of residue elements and three surface-cover conditions are examined. Surface-storage depth for each experimental condition is measured. Close agreement is found between predicted and measured surface-storage values. Surface storage occurring under field conditions may be substantially less than the estimates obtained using the predictive equations. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Gilley, JE AU - Kottwitz, E R AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0934, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 440 EP - 449 VL - 120 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water storage KW - mathematical studies KW - irrigation practices KW - slopes KW - surface detention KW - cropland KW - laboratories KW - experimental data KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Maximum+surface+storage+provided+by+crop+residue&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BKottwitz%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cropland; irrigation practices; surface detention; slopes; laboratories; mathematical studies; experimental data; water storage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal distributions of peak flows from small agricultural watersheds AN - 16955502; 3624315 AB - Knowledge of seasonal distributions of peak runoff rates is needed for use with watershed models, and for the development of new techniques of estimating peak flow rates and their frequencies of occurrence from small agricultural watersheds. The peak flows in 312 station years of data from seven small agricultural watersheds in Ohio were analyzed to determine the seasonal and land-use distributions of peak flows and their return periods. The assumptions often made when using design storms that peak flows occur during the seasons of highest rainfall intensities was largely confirmed, but there were exceptions. Between 92 and 94% of the peak flows, regardless of land-use and soil type, with return periods greater than two years, occurred during the seasons of highest rainfall intensities. A similar seasonal distribution of peak flows was found from an analysis of specific agricultural land uses. More peak flows occurred during the winter season for flows with return periods smaller than about five years for some land uses. Seasonal distributions of peak flows greater than five years are largely independent of soil type and land use, allowing extrapolation of results beyond the study area in Ohio. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Bonta, J V AU - Rao, A R AD - USDA-ARS, North Appalachian Exp. Watershed, P.O. Box 478, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 422 EP - 439 VL - 120 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil types KW - agricultural watersheds KW - rainfall intensity KW - flood peak KW - precipitation KW - infiltration KW - seasonal variations KW - USA, Ohio KW - land use KW - discharge measurement KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Seasonal+distributions+of+peak+flows+from+small+agricultural+watersheds&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V%3BRao%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural watersheds; flood peak; seasonal variations; land use; soil types; rainfall intensity; infiltration; discharge measurement; precipitation; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of criteria to identify aggressiveness in Ophiostoma ulmi and resistance in American elm germ plasm AN - 16954210; 3611891 AB - Criteria were evaluated to identify levels of aggressiveness of the Dutch elm disease pathogen, Ophiostoma ulmi, and resistance in American elms. Twenty-year-old American elms were inoculated with putative nonaggressive strains PG442 and TN and aggressive strains PMP1, H961, and 16K. Strains PMP1 and H961 were confirmed to be aggressive and strains TN, PG442, and 16K to be nonaggressive. Six-month-old American elm seedlings were inoculated with the five O. ulmi strains, and aggressiveness was judged by disease symptoms and fungus multiplication. Vascular discoloration and numbers of colony-forming units most closely correlated with in vivo results. By most in vitro criteria, PG442 was categorized as aggressive. Callus tissues from susceptible and resistant American elm selections were challenged with the O. ulmi strains. Aggressiveness was differentiated by growth on callus from both a susceptible and a resistant elm. Differences in resistance between susceptible and resistant elm selections were determined by growth of strains H961, PMP1, and PG442 but not 16K or TN. JF - Plant Disease AU - Schreiber, L R AU - Domir, S C AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Natl. Arboretum, Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 629 EP - 632 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - aggressiveness KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Ophiostoma ulmi KW - identification KW - resistance KW - Ulmus americana KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16954210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+criteria+to+identify+aggressiveness+in+Ophiostoma+ulmi+and+resistance+in+American+elm+germ+plasm&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+L+R%3BDomir%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ophiostoma ulmi; Ulmus americana; identification; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of biocontrol of blue mold with the nutrient analog 2-deoxy-D-glucose on apples and pears AN - 16953756; 3615007 AB - The glucose analog, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG) enhanced biocontrol of blue mold (caused by Penicillium expansum), the most important postharvest disease of apples and pears. 2-DOG strongly inhibited P. expansum and of the two antagonists investigated, Pseudomonas syringae was resistant to 2-DOG at 10 mg/ml whereas Sporobolomyces roseus was susceptible. A mutant of S. roseus resistant to 2-DOG was developed. Addition of 2-DOG at 4 mg/ml allowed more than a 10-fold reduction in the concentration of the antagonists applied to fruits without diminishing control. This effect was still apparent at an inoculum of 5 x 10 super(4) conidia of P. expansum per ml, which greatly exceeds concentrations found under normal commercial conditions. The effect of 2-DOG on biocontrol was stronger on apples than on pears. 2-DOG had no effect on populations of the antagonists, which increased greatly in wounds on apples and pears. The reduction in the concentration of the antagonists needed for control may improve the reliability and economy of the biocontrol system and may have a significant impact on commercialization of this new technology. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Janisiewicz, W J AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., ARS-USDA, 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430-9802, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2671 EP - 2676 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2-deoxy-D-glucose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nutrients KW - biological control KW - analogs KW - blue mold KW - Malus pumila KW - Pyrus communis KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16953756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+biocontrol+of+blue+mold+with+the+nutrient+analog+2-deoxy-D-glucose+on+apples+and+pears&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutrients; biological control; blue mold; analogs; Malus pumila; Pyrus communis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment of a turkey cecal cell line and development of turkey coccidia within the cells AN - 16953737; 3810902 AB - Cells were dispersed from cecal tissues of 1- to 2-day-old turkeys using a mixture of collagenase and dispase to enrich for epithelial cells. The initial culture produced from these cells (TCC) appeared to be heterogeneous, but, as the cells were cultured through 25 passages, they assumed a more fibroblastic appearance. Cellular invasion of the TCC by two species of turkey coccidia, Eimeria adenoeides and Eimeria meleagrimitis, was not enhanced, as compared with invasion in turkey kidney cells (TKC), the cell culture system standardly used to study the avian coccidia in vitro. However, early development by one of the species, E. meleagrimitis, was markedly increased in the TCC (Passages 6 through 19) over that in TKC. Thirty to 42% of the parasites that invaded the TCC developed beyond the sporozoite stage, as compared with 5% development in TKC. Mature first-generation schizonts were observed within 24 hr postinoculation in the TCC, but not until 48 hr in the kidney cells. There was no evidence that development of the second generation was initiated in either the TCC or kidney cells. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine AU - Augustine, P C AD - Bldg. 1040, Rm. 102, PDL, LPSI, BARC-E., USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 152 EP - 156 VL - 206 IS - 2 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Eimeria adeinoeides KW - Eimeria meleagrimitis KW - turkeys KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cell culture KW - cecum KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16953737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+a+turkey+cecal+cell+line+and+development+of+turkey+coccidia+within+the+cells&rft.au=Augustine%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Augustine&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell culture; cecum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of PSTVd cDNAs onto tomato reveals the biological effect of apparently lethal mutations AN - 16952878; 3618762 AB - Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) mutants which contain alterations in the terminal loops of the rod-like native structure have previously been reported from our laboratory. PSTVd-P contains mutations at positions 2, 4, and 6 in the left terminal loop; PSTVd-R+, a sequence permutation of PSTVd-R, contains the same mutations at positions 177 and 178 in the right terminal loop as PSTVd-R and contains in addition a 1-nucleotide G insertion at position 176. PSTVd-P, PSTVd-R, and PSTV-R+ were noninfectious when either cDNA or SP6-generated RNA transcripts were used as inoculum onto tomato cotyledons. In the current study, mutant and wild-type PSTVd constructs were mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and used for stem inoculation of tomato plants. Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of the mutant and wild-type constructs has confirmed the inability of the PSTVd-P mutant to establish an infection. The PSTV-R+ mutant and/or sequence variants derived in vivo can establish an infection, although PSTVd-R+ progeny and replicative intermediates appear to be primarily restricted to the gall and root tissues of the plant and only occasionally are progeny detectable in the newly developing leaves. The reduced level of viroid accumulation from the PSTVd-R+ mutant appears to be consistent with the mutant viroid replicating/accumulating only in a limited number of cells or cell types. The mutations in the right terminal loop may alter interactions with specific host components and thereby disrupt the normal pattern of intercellular transport of the viroid or limit its replication to a cell type but not abolish replication per se. JF - Virology AU - Hammond, R W AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., USDA, ARS, Room 252, B-011A BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 36 EP - 45 VL - 201 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Agrobacterium tumefaciens KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - potato spindle tuber viroid KW - cDNA KW - mutation KW - infection KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22188:Other aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16952878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Agrobacterium-mediated+inoculation+of+PSTVd+cDNAs+onto+tomato+reveals+the+biological+effect+of+apparently+lethal+mutations&rft.au=Hammond%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cDNA; infection; mutation; Lycopersicon esculentum; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; potato spindle tuber viroid ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foliar blight of bigflower vetch caused by Ascochyta fabae f. sp. vicia AN - 16951948; 3611873 AB - Bigflower vetch (Vicia grandiflora var. kitaibeliana) is a winter-annual legume developed for use in pastures and as a winter cover crop in specialized situations. During evaluation in a rotation experiment in Connecticut, bigflower vetch became severely diseased by a foliar blight. Symptoms consisted of reddish brown spots with tan centers on leaves. Spots were oval and often coalesced to form larger blotches. A fungus identified as Ascochyta fabae was isolated from diseased tissues, and this fungus induced leaf spots plus necrosis of stems, petioles, and tendrils on bigflower vetch by artificial inoculation. The fungus caused leaf spots (<2 mm in diameter) on V. faba, V. hirsuta, and V. tenuifolia, minor leaf flecking on four other legume species, and no symptoms on 54 other species. Only bigflower vetch was susceptible. Because of the very narrow host range of the form of A. fabae from bigflower vetch, rotation of bigflower vetch with other legumes may not be problematic. This strain of A. fabae has the potential, however, to greatly impair the productivity of bigflower vetch in the northeastern United States and possibly elsewhere. JF - Plant Disease AU - Leath, K T AU - DeGregorio, R E AU - Ashley, R A AD - USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Manage. Res., University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 637 EP - 639 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Ascochyta fabae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - blight KW - foliar diseases KW - Vicia grandiflora KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16951948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Foliar+blight+of+bigflower+vetch+caused+by+Ascochyta+fabae+f.+sp.+vicia&rft.au=Leath%2C+K+T%3BDeGregorio%2C+R+E%3BAshley%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Leath&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vicia grandiflora; foliar diseases; blight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of artificial bush canopies and illumination on seed patch selection by heteromyid rodents AN - 16951631; 3615805 AB - Bipedal species of seed-eating, desert, heteromyid rodents forage primarily in open spaces while quadrupedal heteromyids forage in structurally complex microhabitats, such as beneath bush canopies. However, both bipeds and quadrupeds use the latter microhabitats relatively more during periods of bright lunar illumination. One explanation for these patterns is that risk of predation is affected by both microhabitat type and illumination, and that microhabitat use is dictated by biped-quadruped differences in vulnerability to predators. I investigated effects of artificial bush canopies and illumination on seed patch selection by three bipedal and three quadrupedal heteromyid species in a laboratory foraging arena. I predicted that, if predation risk affects microhabitat selection, rodents would forage preferentially in seed patches characterized by less risky microhabitat and illumination conditions (i.e., in patches beneath bush canopies rather than open patches, and in dark rather than illuminated patches). Three individual rodent species in addition to species grouped as bipeds and quadrupeds exhibited the predicted preference for dark patches, but only Dipodomys merriami preferred bush patches. No preferences were expressed for open or for illuminated patches. These results and those of previous patch choice experiments that used patches differing in seed distribution and soil properties imply that both predation risk and foraging economics affect heteromyid patch use. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Longland, W S AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Nevada, 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 82 EP - 90 VL - 132 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - light effects KW - food selection KW - laboratory animals KW - foraging behavior KW - bushes KW - Rodentia KW - canopies KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16951631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Cropping+system+influences+on+extractable+water+for+mono-+and+double-cropped+soybean&rft.au=Lehrsch%2C+G+A%3BWhisler%2C+F+D%3BBuehring%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Lehrsch&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rodentia; bushes; canopies; laboratory animals; foraging behavior; food selection; light effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of population dynamics of Pseudomonas cepacia and Paecilomyces lilacinus on colonization of polyfoam rooting cubes by Rhizoctonia solani AN - 16950219; 3615377 AB - Suspensions of Pseudomonas cepacia (strain 5.5B) and Paecilomyces lilacinus (isolate 6.2F) were applied to polyfoam rooting cubes for control of stem rot of poinsettia caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The populations of antagonists and colonization of rooting cubes by R. solani were monitored during a 3-week period. Colonization of cubes by R. solani was reduced in cubes treated with P. cepacia, but the population of P. cepacia decreased by as much as 97% during the test period. Increased colonization by R. solani was correlated with a decline in population of P. cepacia. P. lilacinus was more persistent than P. cepacia in cubes, with only a 21% reduction observed during the 3-week period. Colonization of the P. lilacinus-treated cubes by R. solani was significantly less than colonization of infested controls. No correlation existed between population of P. lilacinus and colonization of cubes by R. solani. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cartwright, D K AU - Benson, D M AD - Crops Res. Lab., USDA/ARS/SAA, Oxford, NC 27565, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2852 EP - 2857 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Paecilomyces lilacinus KW - roots KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Pseudomonas cepacia KW - population dynamics KW - colonization KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16950219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+population+dynamics+of+Pseudomonas+cepacia+and+Paecilomyces+lilacinus+on+colonization+of+polyfoam+rooting+cubes+by+Rhizoctonia+solani&rft.au=Cartwright%2C+D+K%3BBenson%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2852&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - roots; colonization; population dynamics; Paecilomyces lilacinus; Rhizoctonia solani; Pseudomonas cepacia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide waste treatment monitoring of s-triazines using immunoassay AN - 16949846; 3809796 AB - Pesticide waste disposal monitoring currently utilizes conventional methods of analysis such as gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs) have been developed for s-triazine herbicides and many of their environmental degradation products. This paper reports the use of an s-triazine herbicide class-specific ELISA in conjunction with an ELISA for the intermediate product chlorodiamino-s-triazine (CAAT) for measuring s-triazine herbicide ozonation followed by microbiological treatment. For the treatment of atrazine, the ELISAs were very accurate and precise for measuring atrazine and CAAT. The geometric mean regression equation of the amount found by ELISA on the amount found by HPLC for both analytes was Y = 1.12X - 7.13, standard error = 0.038 mu M, R = 0.95, df = 43. The information obtained by the two ELISAs could be used for treatment process control. This ELISA system may save time and expense in s-triazine herbicide treatment monitoring applications. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Muldoon, M T AU - Nelson, JO AD - Soil Microbial Syst. Lab., ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1686 EP - 1692 VL - 42 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - pollution monitoring KW - herbicides KW - immunoassays KW - waste disposal KW - pesticides KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16949846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Pesticide+waste+treatment+monitoring+of+s-triazines+using+immunoassay&rft.au=Muldoon%2C+M+T%3BNelson%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Muldoon&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1686&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunoassays; pesticides; waste disposal; herbicides; pollution monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serologic responses in diagnostic tests for brucellosis in cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus 19 or RB51 AN - 16949779; 3620127 AB - Serologic responses in the particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay and the card, complement fixation, and tube agglutination tests were measured for 10 weeks after vaccination of cattle with either Brucella abortus 19 or the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen-deficient mutant, strain RB51. The responses of strain 19-vaccinated cattle were positive, whereas those of strain RB51-vaccinated cattle were negative, in all of the tests. These results indicate that cattle vaccinated with strain RB51 fail to produce antibodies that can be detected by conventional serologic tests that are used to diagnose bovine brucellosis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Stevens, M G AU - Hennager, S G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Cheville, N F AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1065 EP - 1066 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - tests KW - immunoassays KW - brucellosis KW - Brucella abortus KW - serological tests KW - vaccination KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16949779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Serologic+responses+in+diagnostic+tests+for+brucellosis+in+cattle+vaccinated+with+Brucella+abortus+19+or+RB51&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BHennager%2C+S+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; brucellosis; serological tests; tests; immunoassays; vaccination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epicormic branching of California black oak: Effect of stand and tree characteristics AN - 16948296; 3613207 AB - Young California black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newb.) stands usually require thinning to increase production of acorns and wood products, but epicormic branches, which yield no acorns and constitute a serious lumber degrade, often result. A crown thinning in 60-year-old hardwood stands on a south exposure at the Challenge Experimental Forest in the northern Sierra Nevada of California created basal areas that ranged from 20 to 35 m super(2) per ha. Trees in a control and bordering small openings expanded the basal area range. In 1976 or 6 to 9 years after thinning, 2069 living and dead epicormic branches on 189 California black oak trees were observed. Statistically significant ( alpha = 0.05) predictors of epicormic branching were position in stand, cardinal direction of bole face, and bole segment-variables that generally affected epicormic branching on eastern species of deciduous oaks. Number of epicormic branches increased with decreasing stand density, proximity to openings, on south and east bole faces, and with increasing distance above the stump. These findings, together with silvicultural recommendations for enhancing crown development and lessening epicormic branching of California black oak, are discussed. JF - Northwest Science AU - McDonald, P M AU - Ritchie, M W AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Redding, CA 96001, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 6 EP - 10 VL - 68 IS - 1 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - siviculture KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Quercus kelloggii KW - management KW - productivity KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16948296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Epicormic+branching+of+California+black+oak%3A+Effect+of+stand+and+tree+characteristics&rft.au=McDonald%2C+P+M%3BRitchie%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus kelloggii; productivity; management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kernel infection and aflatoxin production in maize by Aspergillus flavus relative to inoculation and harvest dates AN - 16948103; 3618095 AB - Preharvest kernel infection by Aspergillus flavus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination of maize (Zea mays) grain is a chronic economic problem in the southern part of the United States. Studies were conducted to determine the time of inoculation and harvest date most effective for identifying maize genotypes resistant to kernel infection and aflatoxin contamination by A. flavus. Inoculation of ears with A. flavus 6 days after midsilk resulted in as many or more infected kernels than inoculation of ears 12 and 18 days after midsilk. Multiple inoculations did not increase incidence of kernel infection or aflatoxin contamination. The percentage of infected kernels in inoculated resistant and susceptible hybrids was similar at 46 and 50 days after midsilk, but the percentage of infected kernels was greater in susceptible hybrids at later harvest dates. Thus, resistant hybrids differed significantly from susceptible hybrids for infection levels for harvest dates of 54-62 days after midsilk. One susceptible hybrid had markedly higher aflatoxin contamination than the other three hybrids. Selection for resistance to A. flavus should be more effective at harvest dates around 60 days after midsilk than when gram reaches physiological maturity. JF - Plant Disease AU - Scott, GE AU - Zummo, N AD - USDA-ARS and Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn., Mississippi State MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 123 EP - 125 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - preharvest KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - aflatoxins KW - production KW - inoculation KW - harvesting KW - infection KW - timing KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16948103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Kernel+infection+and+aflatoxin+production+in+maize+by+Aspergillus+flavus+relative+to+inoculation+and+harvest+dates&rft.au=Scott%2C+GE%3BZummo%2C+N&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; infection; aflatoxins; production; inoculation; harvesting; timing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenic interactions of Alternaria crassa and phenolic metabolism in jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) varieties AN - 16947225; 3609850 AB - Alternaria crassa, a mycoherbicide for jimsonweed control, was tested for differential effects on growth, infectivity, and phenolic metabolism of two field-collected jimsonweed varieties. Seeds from field-grown red- and green-stemmed jimsonweed varieties were grown in the greenhouse and spores were applied in aqueous solutions. Infection studies showed no significant differences between the two weed varieties when tested at various growth stages from cotyledonary to 8-leaf stage at 2.5 x 10 super(4) spores/ml. Spore dose response tests with A. crassa spores (6.25 to 100 x 10 super(3) spores/ml) showed no significant varietal differences in disease ratings. Extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity increased nearly equally (2- to 3-fold above control) in both varieties (8- to 9-leaf stage) 48 to 72 h after treatment. Exposure to A. crassa lowered total ethanol-soluble phenolic levels in both varieties 72 h after treatment. Spectrophotometric scans (400 to 700 nm) of ethanol extracts (72 h after treatment) indicated that infection caused some absorbance increases, especially in red-stemmed jimsonweed. Anthocyanin content was about 11-fold higher in red-stemmed than green-stemmed jimsonweed, and A. crassa treatment slightly increased the anthocyanin absorption peak of the red-stemmed variety. JF - Weed Science AU - Hoagland, R E AU - Boyette, C D AD - Res. Biochem., South. Weed Sci. Lab., ARS-USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 44 EP - 49 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Alternaria crassa KW - phenols KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - Datura stramonium KW - metabolism KW - herbicides KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16947225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Pathogenic+interactions+of+Alternaria+crassa+and+phenolic+metabolism+in+jimsonweed+%28Datura+stramonium+L.%29+varieties&rft.au=Hoagland%2C+R+E%3BBoyette%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Hoagland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Datura stramonium; weed control; herbicides; biological control; metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipase of Geotrichum candidum immobilized on silica gel AN - 16947047; 161886 AB - Silica gel is a useful support for the lipases of Geotrichum candidum. Esterification of selected fatty acids and alcohols proceeded to 85-92% conversion in hydrocarbon solvents, and the degree of esterification was increased to 96-98% by adding 4 angstroms molecular sieves at later stages of reaction. The equilibrium ratio of ester to fatty acid (butyl oleate to oleic) was determined for the supported lipase in a number of solvents and ranged from 92:8 in hexane and isooctane to 16:84 in t-butanol. The essential character of the enzyme seemed unimpaired by deposition onto silica gel as judged by fatty acid selectivity and stereoselectivity. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Sonnet, Philip E AU - McNeill, Gerald P AU - Jun, Wang AD - USDA, Philadelphia, PA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1421 EP - 1423 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 71 IS - 12 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Alcohols KW - Catalyst selectivity KW - Geotrichum candidum KW - Lipase KW - Molecular sieves KW - Silica gel KW - Stereoselectivity KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Esterification KW - Fungi KW - Fatty acids KW - Solvents KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 801.3:COLLOID CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16947047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Lipase+of+Geotrichum+candidum+immobilized+on+silica+gel&rft.au=Sonnet%2C+Philip+E%3BMcNeill%2C+Gerald+P%3BJun%2C+Wang&rft.aulast=Sonnet&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Esterification; Fungi; Solvents; Fatty acids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diseases, physiological disorders, and injuries of plums marketed in metropolitan New York AN - 16943660; 3611869 AB - Retail and consumer losses in nine major cultivars of western plums marketed in metropolitan New York and sampled for 15 consecutive weeks during the 1983 and 1984 seasons averaged 4.2 and 5.0%, respectively, for a total market loss of 9.2%. Specific causes were parasitic diseases (3.4%), physiological disorders (2.1%), and injuries (3.7%). Total losses were higher in the cultivars Casselman and President than in Red Beaut, Santa Rosa, Eldorado, Simka, Friar, Italian Prune, and Angelino. In a sample of three of the cultivars in 1992, total consumer losses were 4.7%, statistically unchanged from 1983-1984 levels. The principal disease in both surveys was brown rot (Monilinia spp.), which caused up to 50% of the disease losses. Dehydrated and overripe fruit were the leading categories of physiological disorders; and bruising, cuts, punctures, and freeze damage were the chief categories of injury loss. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wells, J M AU - Butterfield, JE AU - Ceponis, MJ AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 642 EP - 644 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - diseases KW - Prunus domestica KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16943660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Diseases%2C+physiological+disorders%2C+and+injuries+of+plums+marketed+in+metropolitan+New+York&rft.au=Wells%2C+J+M%3BButterfield%2C+JE%3BCeponis%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=642&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus domestica; diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric pollutants and trace gases AN - 16942299; 3608896 AB - An ozone-sensitive (NC-S) and an ozone-resistant (NC-R) clone of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were tested to determine the feasibility of using them to indicate concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O sub(3)) and potential effects of O sub(3) on plants. Foliar injury, foliar chlorophyll, and forage production of both clones were related directly to the O sub(3) concentration. Ozone routinely injured leaves, suppressed foliar chlorophyll, and decreased growth of NC-S more than that of NC-R. Forage production was highly variable over a wide range of weather conditions, but the relative forage production rate of both clones under such conditions was similar and the seasonal O sub(3) response relationship between NC-S and NC-R was relatively stable. The level of response of NC-S to O sub(3) routinely increased from growth period to growth period suggesting an effect of previous exposure. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Heagle, A S AU - Miller, JE AU - Sherrill, DE AD - USDA-ARS Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 613 EP - 621 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - troposphere KW - Trifolium repens KW - chlorophyll KW - air pollution KW - ozone KW - pollution effects KW - growth KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16942299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+pollutants+and+trace+gases&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BMiller%2C+JE%3BSherrill%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium repens; troposphere; air pollution; pollution effects; ozone; chlorophyll; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorine dioxide for reduction of postharvest pathogen inoculum during handling of tree fruits AN - 16942148; 3613582 AB - Alternatives to hypochlorous acid and fungicides are needed for treatment of fruit-handling facilities. Chlorine dioxide was evaluated and found effective against common postharvest decay fungi and against filamentous fungi occurring on fruit packinghouse surfaces. In vitro tests with conidial or sporangiospore suspensions of Botrystis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Mucor piriformis, and Cryptosporiopsis perennans demonstrated >99% spore mortality within 1 min when the fungi were exposed to aqueous chlorine dioxide at 3 or 5 mu b/ml. Longer exposure times were necessary to achieve similar spore mortalities with 1 mu g/ml. Of the fungi tested, B. cinerea and P. expansum were the least sensitive to ClO sub(2). In comparison with the number recovered from the untreated control areas, the number of filamentous fungi recovered was significantly lower in swipe tests from hard surfaces such as belts and pads in a commercial apple and pear packinghouse after treatment of surfaces with a 14.0- to 18.0- mu g/ml. ClO sub(2) foam formulation. Chlorine dioxide has desirable properties as a sanitizing agent for postharvest decay management when residues of postharvest fungicides are not desired or allowed. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Roberts, R G AU - Reymond, ST AD - USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2864 EP - 2868 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - chlorine dioxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fruits KW - pathogens KW - inoculum KW - post-harvest decay KW - fruit trees KW - reduction KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16942148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Chlorine+dioxide+for+reduction+of+postharvest+pathogen+inoculum+during+handling+of+tree+fruits&rft.au=Roberts%2C+R+G%3BReymond%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reduction; pathogens; inoculum; fruits; fruit trees; post-harvest decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The urban savanna: Reuniting ecological preference and function AN - 16941249; 3615341 AB - Understanding public perceptions of ecosystem aesthetics can enhance the success of restoration projects. JF - Restoration & Management Notes AU - Gobster, PH AD - North Cent. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 5801 N. Pulaski Rd., Chicago, IL 60646, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 64 EP - 71 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0733-0707, 0733-0707 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - environmental restoration KW - environmental perception KW - urban environments KW - savannahs KW - D 04695:Urban environments KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04692:Environmental perception KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16941249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.atitle=The+urban+savanna%3A+Reuniting+ecological+preference+and+function&rft.au=Gobster%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Gobster&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.issn=07330707&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - savannahs; environmental perception; environmental restoration; urban environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kinetics and modeling of lactic acid production by Lactobacillus plantarum AN - 16939601; 3612081 AB - An unstructured model was developed to describe bacterial growth, substrate utilization, and lactic acid production by Lactobacillus plantarum in cucumber juice. Significant lactic acid production occurred during growth, as well as stationary phases. The percentage of acid produced after growth ceased was a function of the medium composition. Up to 51% of the lactic acid was produced after growth ceased when NaCl was not present in the medium, whereas not more than 18% of the total lactic acid was produced after the growth ceased in presence of NaCl, probably because of an increase in the cell death rate. An equation relating the specific death rate and NaCl concentration was developed. The model was demonstrated for batch growth of L. plantarum in cucumber juice. Mathematical simulations were used to predict the influence of variations in death rate, proton concentration when growth ceased, and buffer capacity of the juice on the overall fermentation process. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Passos, F V AU - Fleming, H P AU - Ollis, D F AU - Felder, R M AU - McFeeters, R F AD - Food Ferment. Lab., USDA-ARS, and North Carolina Dep. Food Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2627 EP - 2636 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - lactic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Lactobacillus plantarum KW - production KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02729:Organic acids KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16939601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Kinetics+and+modeling+of+lactic+acid+production+by+Lactobacillus+plantarum&rft.au=Passos%2C+F+V%3BFleming%2C+H+P%3BOllis%2C+D+F%3BFelder%2C+R+M%3BMcFeeters%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Passos&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - production; Lactobacillus plantarum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derivation of mutants of Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum deficient in export of pectolytic enzymes with potential for biological control of potato soft rot AN - 16939501; 3612068 AB - Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum Ecb168 produces an antibiotic(s) that suppresses growth of the related bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in culture and in wounds of potato tubers. Strain Ecb168 also produces and secretes pectolytic enzymes and causes a vascular necrosis and root rot of sugar beet. Genes (out) involved in secretion of pectolytic enzymes by Ecb168 were localized to two HindIII fragments (8.5 and 10.5 kb) of Ecb168 genomic DNA by hybridization to the cloned out region of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and by complementation of Out super(-) mutants of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Strain Ecb168 and Out super(-) derivatives reduced the establishment of large populations of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora in wounds of potato tubers and suppressed tuber soft rot caused by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Costa, J M AU - Loper, JE AD - Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2278 EP - 2285 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Erwinia carotovora betavasculorum KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - secretion KW - biological control KW - soft rot KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - characterization KW - proteolytic enzymes KW - potential KW - defective mutant KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16939501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+mutants+of+Erwinia+carotovora+subsp.+betavasculorum+deficient+in+export+of+pectolytic+enzymes+with+potential+for+biological+control+of+potato+soft+rot&rft.au=Costa%2C+J+M%3BLoper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - secretion; biological control; soft rot; proteolytic enzymes; characterization; potential; defective mutant; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune and pathologic responses in mice infected with Brucella abortus 19, RB51, or 2308 AN - 16937980; 3606529 AB - Immune and pathologic responses were measured for 20 weeks after infection of mice with Brucella abortus 19, RB51, or 2308. Live bacteria and bacterial antigens of 19 and RB51 persisted in spleens for 10 and 4 weeks after infection, respectively, whereas 2308 bacteria and bacterial antigens persisted for at least 20 weeks. Small germinal centers and profound lymphoid depletion occurred in spleens of mice during the first 4 weeks of infection with strain 19 or 2308; however, mice infected with strain RB51 had much larger germinal centers but no lymphoid depletion. At 4 weeks, only spleen cells from RB51-infected mice proliferated when incubated with 2308 bacteria. Large germinal centers in the spleen and spleen cell proliferative responses to 2308 did not appear in strain 19-infected mice until 6 weeks or in strain 2308-infected mice until 10 weeks. Similar proliferative responses to 2308 occurred in mice infected with strain 19 or RB51 at 6 weeks and in mice infected with strain 19, RB51, or 2308 at 10 weeks. However, at 20 weeks, spleen cell proliferative responses to 2308 occurred in mice infected with strain 19 or 2308 but not in mice infected with strain RB51. Mice infected with strain RB51 had lower and less persistent antibody titers to 2308 than did mice infected with strain 19 or 2308. Collectively, these results indicate that RB51-infected mice have less persistent immune responses to 2308 than do mice infected with 19 or 2308. The shorter duration of the responses probably resulted because RB51 is considerably less pathogenic and is cleared more rapidly from mice than are 19 and 2308. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Pugh, GW Jr AU - Palmer, M V AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3206 EP - 3212 VL - 62 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - pathology KW - infection KW - strains KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Immune+and+pathologic+responses+in+mice+infected+with+Brucella+abortus+19%2C+RB51%2C+or+2308&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BPugh%2C+GW+Jr%3BPalmer%2C+M+V&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; infection; immune response; pathology; strains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of macroinvertebrates and small fish to nutrient enrichment in the northern Everglades AN - 16937678; 3611578 AB - The northern Everglades (Water Conservation Area 2A) annually receives an excess addition of 60 M tons of phosphorus and 1814 M tons of nitrogen from agricultural run-off. During 1990-91, invertebrates were collected from replicate sweep and core samples at eight sites along the nutrient enrichment gradient in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A). Species richness, Shannon's diversity, the number of unique species, and the density of invertebrates and small fish were all greater within enriched and intermediately enriched open water habitats than unenriched sloughs. Sorenson's taxonomic similarity index was significantly different between enriched and unenriched areas. Ostracods in particular were 14 times more abundant in the enriched area than at unenriched sites. The freshwater shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) was the only common species with lower densities in enriched than unenriched areas. However, the trophic structure or percent composition of grazers, predators, and collector-gatherers and the number of species within taxonomic orders and functional feeding groups was very similar among sites along the nutrient enrichment gradient. Higher invertebrate and small fish diversity and density within enriched sites indicates that nutrient enrichment has not caused direct harmful foodweb effects that may adversely influence higher trophic levels (e.g., wading birds). Assuming, however, that nutrients can cause cattails to overgrow and eliminate sloughs, the centers of biological diversity in the Everglades, then nutrient enrichment may have harmful indirect effects. JF - Wetlands AU - Rader, R B AU - Richardson, C J AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Exp. Stn., 222 S. 22nd St., Laramie, WY 82070-5299, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 134 EP - 146 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - agricultural runoff KW - freshwater fish KW - macrofauna KW - nutrient enrichment KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - community composition KW - USA, Florida KW - Freshwater KW - Pisces KW - Invertebrata KW - pollution effects KW - species diversity KW - USA, Florida, Everglades KW - marshes KW - Q1 08341:General KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - D 04200:Wetlands KW - Q1 08181:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Response+of+macroinvertebrates+and+small+fish+to+nutrient+enrichment+in+the+northern+Everglades&rft.au=Rader%2C+R+B%3BRichardson%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - community composition; freshwater fish; marshes; agricultural runoff; nutrients (mineral); pollution effects; species diversity; macrofauna; nutrient enrichment; Pisces; Invertebrata; USA, Florida, Everglades; USA, Florida; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population structure and transfer success of Noctuidonema guyanense (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) on moths of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16937631; 3608241 AB - Age distribution, population dispersion, and transfer success of Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain on adults of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) were studied in the laboratory. The nematode population was composed of 77% juveniles (J), 68% of which were J3-J4s. Among adult nematodes, 60% were females. The dispersion of N. guyanense on feral male moths varied from fairly uniform among abdominal segments to clumped on segments 8-10. Transfer success of N. guyanense among mating hosts averaged 2.8% for juveniles and 7.2% for adults on hosts mating a mean of 98 min. On moths mating an average of 415 min, the transfer of nematodes from infested male moths to female moths averaged 19.4% for juveniles and 18.5% for adults. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Rogers, CE AU - Marti, OG Jr AD - Insect Biol. and Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 327 EP - 330 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Noctuidonema guyanense KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - parasitism KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Noctuidae KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - D 04655:Invertebrates - general KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Population+structure+and+transfer+success+of+Noctuidonema+guyanense+%28Nematoda%3A+Aphelenchoididae%29+on+moths+of+Spodoptera+frugiperda+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Rogers%2C+CE%3BMarti%2C+OG+Jr&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera frugiperda; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; parasitism; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oilseed protein solubility after exposure to hydrogen peroxide AN - 16937044; 161888 AB - Cucurbitin, a physicochemically typical oilseed storage protein from pumpkin and other cucurbits, was treated with 20% H sub(2)O sub(2) for periods up to 36 h to determine the length of exposure needed to render it water-soluble. Maximum solubility was reached in 8 h from virtual insolubility and started decreasing after about 12 h. These results not only indicate that H sub(2)O sub(2) was effective in rendering oilseed protein water-soluble and can be used to prepare several ratios of soluble-to-insoluble protein products, but also show the lengths of exposure needed to obtain the required solubilities. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Jacks, T J AD - USDA, New Orleans, LA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1429 EP - 1430 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 71 IS - 12 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Cucurbitaceae KW - Cucurbitin KW - Globulin KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Oilseed KW - Vegetable oils KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Solubility KW - Proteins KW - Chemical modification KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Oilseed+protein+solubility+after+exposure+to+hydrogen+peroxide&rft.au=Jacks%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Jacks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solubility; Proteins; Chemical modification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Independent segregation in potato for resistance to Verticillium wilt and pink-eye AN - 16933157; 3611898 AB - In 1991 and 1992, 30 potato families (comprising approximately 1,330 genotypes) were evaluated for resistance to both Verticillium wilt, caused by V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae, and pink-eye, a disease of unknown etiology. Significant differences were found among families for severity of Verticillium wilt and incidence of pink-eye. Within-family variability accounted for more than 90% of the observed variation for both traits in both years. Homogeneous variances for severity of Verticillium wilt across families were observed in both years; in contrast, heterogeneous variances for incidence of pink-eye across families were observed in both years, with greater variance in those families with a higher incidence of pink-eye. In general, there was no consistent relationship between severity of Verticillium wilt and incidence of pink-eye in segregating families. JF - Plant Disease AU - Goth, R W AU - Haynes, K G AU - Wilson AD - USDA-ARS, Veg. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 562 EP - 564 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - genetics KW - wilt KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - resistance KW - Verticillium KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16933157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Independent+segregation+in+potato+for+resistance+to+Verticillium+wilt+and+pink-eye&rft.au=Goth%2C+R+W%3BHaynes%2C+K+G%3BWilson&rft.aulast=Goth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Verticillium; Solanum tuberosum; wilt; resistance; genetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three native cellulose-depolymerizing endoglucanases from solid-substrate cultures of the brown rot fungus Meruliporia (Serpula) incrassata AN - 16933086; 3612061 AB - Three extracellular cellulose-depolymerizing enzymes from cotton undergoing decay by the brown rot fungus Meruliporia (Serpula) incrassata were isolated by anion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. Depolymerization was detected by analyzing the changes in the molecular size distribution of cotton cellulose by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. The average degree of polymerization (DP; number of glucosyl residues per cellulose chain) was calculated from the size-exclusion chromatography data. The very acidic purified endoglucanases, Cel 25, Cel 49, and Cel 57, were glycosylated and had molecular weights of 25,200, 48,500, and 57,100, respectively. Two, Cel 25 and Cel 49, depolymerized cotton cellulose and were also very active on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Molecular size distributions of cotton cellulose attacked by the three endoglucanases revealed single major peaks that shifted to lower DP positions. A second smaller peak (DP, 10 to 20) was also observed in the size-exclusion chromatograms of cotton attacked by Cel 49 and Cel 57. Under the reaction conditions used, Cel 25, the most active of the cellulases, reduced the weight average DP from 3,438 to 315, solubilizing approximately 20% of the cellulose. The weight average DP values of cotton attacked under the same conditions by Cel 49 and Cel 57 were 814 and 534; weight losses were 9 and 11%, respectively. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Kleman-Leyer, KM AU - Kirk, T K AD - Inst. Microb. and Biochem. Technol., For. Prod. Lab., USDA For. Serv., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2839 EP - 2845 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Meruliporia incrassata KW - endoglucanase KW - cellulose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - depolymerization KW - brown rot KW - activity KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16933086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Three+native+cellulose-depolymerizing+endoglucanases+from+solid-substrate+cultures+of+the+brown+rot+fungus+Meruliporia+%28Serpula%29+incrassata&rft.au=Kleman-Leyer%2C+KM%3BKirk%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Kleman-Leyer&rft.aufirst=KM&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - brown rot; activity; depolymerization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and sporulation potential of Clostridium perfringens in aerobic and vacuum-packaged cooked beef AN - 16931280; 3610947 AB - Growth of Clostridium perfringens in aerobic- and anaerobic- (vacuum) packaged cooked ground beef was investigated. Autoclaved ground beef was inoculated with similar to 3.0-log sub(10) CFU/g of C. perfringens, packaged and stored at various temperatures. Vegetative cells and heat-resistant spores were enumerated by plating unheated and heated (75 degree C for 20 min) meat samples on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar. Clostridium perfringens grew to > 7 logs within 12 h at 28, 37 and 42 degree C under anaerobic atmosphere and at 37 and 42 degree C under aerobic conditions. At 28 degree C under aerobic conditions, growth was relatively slow and total viable count increased to > 6 logs within 36 h. Similarly, growth at 15 degree C in air was both slower and less than under vacuum. Regardless of packaging, the organism either declined or did not grow at 4, 8 and 12 degree C. Spores were not found at < 12 degree C. Spores were detected as early as 8 h at 42 degree C under anaerobic conditions, but in general, the type of atmosphere had little influence on sporulation at greater than or equal to 28 degree C. Temperature abuse (28 degree C storage) of refrigerated products for 6 h will not permit C. perfringens growth. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Juneja, V K AU - Marmer, B S AU - Miller, A J AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 393 EP - 398 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - sporulation KW - vacuum KW - beef KW - foods KW - meat KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - packaging KW - growth KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H SE4.23:FOOD PACKAGING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16931280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Growth+and+sporulation+potential+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+aerobic+and+vacuum-packaged+cooked+beef&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BMarmer%2C+B+S%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; growth; packaging; sporulation; vacuum; beef; meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diurnal versus 24-hour sampling of habitat use AN - 16930295; 3607817 AB - Habitat use estimates may be biased if the sampling design does not consider differences in a species' habitat use throughout a 24-hour period. We reviewed studies to examine the suitability of sampling designs in determining habitat use relative to a species daily activity pattern. Of 56 studies we reviewed 22 presented data only from daylight sampling and 12 did not describe their methods with enough detail to determine when sampling occurred. Elk (Cervus elaphus) habitat use throughout the entire 24-hour period was different (P < 0.001) from that during diurnal hours. Managers should be cautious when implementing management strategies developed only from diurnal datasets. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Beyer, DE Jr AU - Haufler, J B AD - USDA Forest Serv., Natl. Forests Fl., 227 N. Bronough St., Suite 4061, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 178 EP - 180 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - difference KW - sampling KW - Cervus elaphus KW - habitat utilization KW - diurnal KW - D 04700:Management KW - Y 25867:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16930295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Diurnal+versus+24-hour+sampling+of+habitat+use&rft.au=Beyer%2C+DE+Jr%3BHaufler%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Beyer&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cervus elaphus; sampling; difference; habitat utilization; diurnal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Denitrification loss from two Pennsylvania floodplain soils AN - 16929757; 3603493 AB - Denitrification losses and dissolved nitrous oxide concentration within a well- and poorly-drained soil under ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were measured for ) 12 mo. The soils received up to 252 kg N/ha as potassium nitrate in two equal amounts. Denitrification increased in March as the soil warmed to 5 to 7 degree C with the highest rates occurring soon after N was applied. Approximately 30% of annual loss occurred within 2 wk of fertilization. Dissolved nitrous oxide concentration peaks corresponded to periods with elevated denitrification. On average, the poorly-drained soil denitrified the equivalent of 40% of applied N (up to 110 kg N/ha). Less than 2.5 kg/ha was denitrified from the well-drained soil. The degree of anoxia in the measurement apparatus substantially effected measured denitrification rates. Consequently, it is important to know the relationship between redox in-situ and in the measurement apparatus. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Schnabel, R R AU - Stout, W L AD - USDA-ARS Pasture Syst. and Watershed Manage. Res., 117 Res. Off. Build., Univ. Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 344 EP - 348 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - soil texture KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - denitrification KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - aeration KW - drainage KW - water pollution sources KW - flood plains KW - cores KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16929757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Denitrification+loss+from+two+Pennsylvania+floodplain+soils&rft.au=Schnabel%2C+R+R%3BStout%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Schnabel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - denitrification; water pollution sources; drainage; soil water; soil-water-plant relationships; soil texture; flood plains; aeration; cores; USA, Pennsylvania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal radar and meteorological observations associated with nocturnal insect flight at altitudes to 900 meters AN - 16928986; 3606628 AB - Nocturnal aerial insect flight activities between 30 and 900 m above ground level were monitored with 3-cm scanning radar during the spring, summer, and fall seasons of 1988 and 1989 in the Brazos River Valley of Burleson County near College Station, TX. Surface meteorological parameters were measured continuously with weather station instrumentation, and radiosondes carried aloft by weather balloons were used to measure upper-air temperatures and wind conditions. Aerial volume density patterns and flight behaviors observed with radar varied nightly because of the many biological and meteorological variables involved, but certain seasonal characteristics of insect flight behavior became apparent during the course of the research. Nightly local dispersal flights at dusk were the norm, especially during the summer. Large numbers of insects were typically airborne for 1 to 2 h beginning about one-half hour after sunset with some of them reaching altitudes of 800 m or more where wind speeds were typically greater than 30 km/h. Several apparent long-range migration-type insect movement events were observed in which insects were concentrated in layers in high-speed, low-level wind jets that were apparently associated with nocturnal upper-air temperature inversions. Migration-type movement of insects tended to be south to north in the spring and early summer and north to south in the fall. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Beerwinkle, K R AU - Lopez, JD Jr AU - Witz, JA AU - Schleider, P G AU - Eyster, R S AU - Lingren, P D AD - Crop Insect Pests Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Rte. 5, Box 808, Coll. Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 676 EP - 683 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - migration KW - insecta KW - seasonal variations KW - USA, Texas KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16928986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+radar+and+meteorological+observations+associated+with+nocturnal+insect+flight+at+altitudes+to+900+meters&rft.au=Beerwinkle%2C+K+R%3BLopez%2C+JD+Jr%3BWitz%2C+JA%3BSchleider%2C+P+G%3BEyster%2C+R+S%3BLingren%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Beerwinkle&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecta; USA, Texas; migration; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residual activity of granular starch-encapsulated Bacillus thuringiensis AN - 16927448; 3603501 AB - Residual insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner encapsulated in cornstarch was determined by using two separate tests. In the first test, granules with various additives were placed in whorls of corn plants in the field, collected over time, and bioassayed against neonate Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner). During a wet year (1990) when 10 cm rain fell during the exposure time, insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis encapsulated in starch granules was higher than that of B. thuringiensis in a commercial formulation. In a dry year (1989), we observed no significant differences in activity. In 1991, when 3 cm rain fell midway through the study, the commercial formulation had less activity than two of the starch formulations. In the second test, field efficacy was measured at two locations. In this study, we examined the effect of an early versus a late application of toxicants when whorl-stage plants were infested with laboratory-reared. O. nubilalis larvae over a 10-d period. Granules were applied either on the 1st d of insect infestation (early) or after the 7th d of infestation (late). The late application was significantly more efficacious than the early application. B. thuringiensis granules consistently prevented damage by O. nubiliasis as well as or better than a chemical insecticide for the length of the study. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - McGuire, M R AU - Shasha, B S AU - Lewis, L C AU - Nelsen, T C AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Polymer Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 631 EP - 637 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - starch KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pathogens KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - Lepidoptera KW - residual effects KW - granules KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16927448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Residual+activity+of+granular+starch-encapsulated+Bacillus+thuringiensis&rft.au=McGuire%2C+M+R%3BShasha%2C+B+S%3BLewis%2C+L+C%3BNelsen%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=McGuire&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Ostrinia nubilalis; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; pathogens; residual effects; biological control; granules ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nucleotide sequence analysis of IS1533 from Leptospira borgpetersenii: Identification and expression of two IS-encoded proteins AN - 16927306; 3602099 AB - The nucleotide sequence of IS1533, an insertion sequence-like element cloned from the spirochete Leptospira borgpetersenii, was determined. IS1533 contains imperfect terminal inverted repeats (IVR) of 31 bp flanking a 1402-bp internal sequence. A putative target sequence was identified, and insertion may result in duplication of 2 bp. The internal sequence has a single open reading frame (ORF). IS1533 encodes two proteins (43.5 and 41 kDa) initiating alternatively at either the first or the second AUG codons of the ORF. These proteins are related to a recently recognized family of IS-encoded transposases and bacterial recombinases, all which share a region of homology with the active site of the HIV reverse transcriptase. The IS1533-encoded proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli. Both the 43.5- and 41-kDa proteins bound IS1533 DNA probes in a Southwestern blot assay. The data suggest that one or both proteins function during transposition of IS1533. JF - Plasmid AU - Zuerner, R L AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 11 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0147-619X, 0147-619X KW - transposase KW - insertion sequence IS1533 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Leptospira borgpetersenii KW - genes KW - prediction KW - nucleotide sequence KW - insertion sequences KW - amino acid sequence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16927306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plasmid&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+analysis+of+IS1533+from+Leptospira+borgpetersenii%3A+Identification+and+expression+of+two+IS-encoded+proteins&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plasmid&rft.issn=0147619X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptospira borgpetersenii; genes; nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence; prediction; insertion sequences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of pheromone dose, trap height, and septum age on effectiveness of pheromones for Carpophilus mutilatus and C. hemipterus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in a California date garden AN - 16926475; 3606630 AB - Synthetic pheromones for Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson and C. hemipterus (L.) were field tested in a planting of 'Deglet Noor' dates in southern California to determine effects of pheromone dose, trap height, and age of pheromone formulation on trap catch. Fermenting whole-wheat bread dough was the pheromone synergist in all cases. C. mutilatus was the most abundant nitidulid in the date garden, and trap catches were as high as 114,000 beetles per trap per 3-d period. For C. mutilatus, pheromone doses from 50 to 15,000 mu g were significantly more attractive than controls, and trap catch increased with pheromone dose. Catch of C. mutilatus to its pheromone (500 mu g) was significantly greater at a 3-m trap height than at 0.3 m. C. hemipterus responded significantly to its pheromone at all doses (15 to 15,000 mu g). In addition, C. mutilatus, C. obsoletus Erichson, and C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.) responded to the C. hemipterus pheromone, and all four species responded best at the highest doses. With the C. hemipterus pheromone (500 mu g) at trap heights between 0.3 and 3 m, captures of C. hemipterus, C. mutilatus, and C. obsoletus increased with trap height, but those for C. humeralis were greatest near the ground. Rubber septa with pheromone for either species became less effective over time. After 1 wk, septum activity ranged from 18% of its original value (C. mutilatus responding to the C. mutilatus pheromone) to 90% (C. obsoletus responding to the C. hemipterus pheromone). In all experiments and with all species, males and females responded similarly. Trap responses are influenced strongly by the availability of food; in one case, sudden appearance of an abundant food source on the ground decreased responses of C. mutilatus by 99% within 1 wk. Implications of the study for using the pheromones in practical pest management are discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Bartelt, R J AU - Vetter, R S AU - Carlson, D G AU - Baker, T C AD - Bioactive Constituents Res. Group, USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 667 EP - 675 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - aggregation-pheromone KW - pest management KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nitidulidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Carpophilus mutilatus KW - pheromone traps KW - Carpophilus hemipterus KW - USA, California KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16926475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+pheromone+dose%2C+trap+height%2C+and+septum+age+on+effectiveness+of+pheromones+for+Carpophilus+mutilatus+and+C.+hemipterus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Nitidulidae%29+in+a+California+date+garden&rft.au=Bartelt%2C+R+J%3BVetter%2C+R+S%3BCarlson%2C+D+G%3BBaker%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Bartelt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carpophilus mutilatus; Carpophilus hemipterus; Nitidulidae; Coleoptera; USA, California; pheromone traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Examination of an Aspergillus flavus resistant inbred of maize for cross-resistance to sap beetle vectors AN - 16926299; 3602111 AB - Maize genotypes resistant to fungi may also be resistant to insects. However, enhanced resistance to fungi could increase susceptibility to insects due to inadvertent incorporation of factors that promote sap beetle feeding, such as some aromatic alcohols or flavonoids. To explore these possibilities, the comparative response of maize-feeding sap beetles to milk stage kernels of Mp313E and SC212M was examined. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Dowd, P F AD - Mycotoxin Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 177 EP - 180 VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - pest resistance KW - cross-resistance KW - Zea mays KW - Nitidulidae KW - toxins KW - Coleoptera KW - Carpophilus freemani KW - Carpophilus lugubris KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07357:GENERAL KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16926299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Examination+of+an+Aspergillus+flavus+resistant+inbred+of+maize+for+cross-resistance+to+sap+beetle+vectors&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Aspergillus flavus; Carpophilus lugubris; Carpophilus freemani; Nitidulidae; Coleoptera; toxins; cross-resistance; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increasing CO sub(2): Comparative responses of the C sub(4) grass Schizachyrium and grassland invader Prosopis AN - 16925514; 3600639 AB - The woody C sub(3) Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite) and C sub(4) perennial grass Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem) were grown along a gradient of daytime carbon dioxide concentrations from near 340 to 200 mu mol/mol air in a 38 m long controlled environment chamber. We sought to determine effects of historical and prehistorical increases in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration on growth, resource use, and competitive interactions of a species representative of C sub(4)-dominated grasslands in the southwestern United States and the invasive legume P. glandulosa. Increasing CO sub(2) concentration stimulated N sub(2) fixation by individually grown P. glandulosa and elicited in C sub(3) seedlings a similar relative increase in leaf intercellular CO sub(2) concentration, net assimilation rate, and intrinsic water use efficiency (leaf net assimilation rate/stomatal conductance). Aboveground biomass of P. glandulosa was not altered by CO sub(2) concentration, but belowground biomass and whole-plant water and nitrogen use efficiencies increased linearly with CO sub(2) concentration in seedlings that were grown alone. Biomass produced by P. glandulosa that was grown with S. scoparium was not affected by CO sub(2) concentration. Stomatal conductance declined and leaf assimilation rates of S. scoparium at near maximum incident light increased at higher CO sub(2) concentration, but there was no effect of CO sub(2) concentration on biomass production or whole-plant water use efficiency of the C sub(4) grass. Rising CO sub(2) concentration, especially the 27% increase since the beginning of the 19th century, may have contributed to more abundant P. glandulosa on C sub(4) grasslands by stimulating the shrub's growth or reducing the amount of resources that the C sub(3) required. Much of the potential response of P. glandulosa to CO sub(2) concentration, however, appears to be contingent on the shrub's escaping competition with neighboring grasses. JF - Ecology AU - Polley, H W AU - Johnson, H B AU - Mayeux, H S AD - Grassland, Soil and Water Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 976 EP - 988 VL - 75 IS - 4 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - C sub(3) and C sub(4) pathways KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - water use KW - Schizachyrium scoparium KW - biomass KW - Prosopis glandulosa KW - nitrogen fixation KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16925514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Increasing+CO+sub%282%29%3A+Comparative+responses+of+the+C+sub%284%29+grass+Schizachyrium+and+grassland+invader+Prosopis&rft.au=Polley%2C+H+W%3BJohnson%2C+H+B%3BMayeux%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Polley&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prosopis glandulosa; Schizachyrium scoparium; biomass; nitrogen fixation; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetative propagule production and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by monoecious Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle grown at two photoperiods AN - 16925353; 3605309 AB - Plants of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle were grown under two photoperiods (11 or 15 h) in a greenhouse. Under the 11 h photoperiod, Hydrilla produced geotropic shoots after 34 days, tubers were first observed at 48 days, and turions after 76 days. During this study, Hydrilla plants grown under the 11 h photoperiod produced 317 tubers, and those grown under the 15 h photoperiod produced two tubers. C and N were directed from other plant structures, especially shoots and roots, into newly formed tubers and turions. C was allocated to new tubers at a rate that was about 43 times that for N. After 12 weeks, about 15 times more C and N were allocated to tuber production than to turion production. Nutrient use efficiency for N increased significantly in both photoperiods. N use efficiency was not a good indicator of the onset of tuber or turion production. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Spencer, D AU - Anderson, L AU - Ksander, G AU - Klaine, S AU - Bailey, F AD - USDA-ARS Aquat. Weed Lab., Sect. Plant Biol., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 121 EP - 132 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - carbon KW - nitrogen KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - plant nutrition KW - plant reproductive structures KW - resource allocation KW - tubers KW - turions KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - asexual reproduction KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - reproduction KW - photoperiods KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16925353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Vegetative+propagule+production+and+allocation+of+carbon+and+nitrogen+by+monoecious+Hydrilla+verticillata+%28L.f.%29+Royle+grown+at+two+photoperiods&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D%3BAnderson%2C+L%3BKsander%2C+G%3BKlaine%2C+S%3BBailey%2C+F&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asexual reproduction; plant reproductive structures; carbon; aquatic plants; nutrients (mineral); turions; reproduction; photoperiods; plant nutrition; nitrogen; resource allocation; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement in activity of homologous and heterologous viruses against the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) by an optical brightener AN - 16924891; 3603462 AB - Addition of a selected stilbene optical brightener (Phorwite AR) to the gypsy moth cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus reduced the LC sub(50) from 1.21 x 10 super(5) polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per ml to 1.40 x 10 super(2) PIB per ml in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae. The brightener also reduced the LT sub(50) for this virus from 13.2 to 8.4 d (1 x 10 super(6) PIB per ml). Whereas the gypsy moth is not susceptible to such viruses as the Autographa nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the Amsacta entomopoxvirus, addition of Phorwite AR to suspensions of these viruses resulted in susceptibility. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AU - Dougherty, ME AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA-ARS, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 361 EP - 365 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - optical brightener KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - entomopoxvirus KW - lymantria dispar KW - pathogens KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus KW - biological control KW - viruses KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16924891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+in+activity+of+homologous+and+heterologous+viruses+against+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+by+an+optical+brightener&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M%3BDougherty%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; entomopoxvirus; viruses; pathogens; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Origin of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) migrants as determined by Citrus pollen markers and synoptic weather systems AN - 16924496; 3606629 AB - Pollen on corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), can provide an indication of their host plant visitations and migratory activities. Our study was conducted to determine the origin of Citrus sp. pollen-contaminated moths captured in Atoka County, Oklahoma, during 1990 and the host plant feeding range of moths present in Hidalgo County, Texas, and Atoka County. Captured moths were analyzed for pollen with scanning electron microscopy. H. zea moths captured in January 1989 in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas when citrus was not blooming were not contaminated with Citrus spp. pollen. Sixty percent of those captured on 17 March 1989 during the citrus blooming period were contaminated with Citrus spp. pollen. None of the moths sampled in that area between 21 March and 2 April 1990 were contaminated with Citrus spp. after a major freeze in December 1989. Citrus blooming during 1990 was drastically reduced or eliminated in South Texas, northeastern Mexico, Louisiana, and central Florida. However, Citrus sp. pollen accounted for 3% of all pollen detected on migratory H. zea collected in Atoka County between 27 February and 24 April 1990. Lack of Citrus spp. pollen-contaminated H. zea in Hidalgo County after the severe freeze suggests the H. zea contaminated with Citrus pollen was collected in Atoka County during April 1990 originated elsewhere. Evaluation of calculated trajectories, synoptic weather maps, and upper-air transport opportunities suggests southern Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, Yucatan Peninsula, and northern Central America as potential source areas 1,515 km from the capture site. This would require the moths to be in flight over water for 72 h or have very limited diurnal resting periods on seaweed (Sargassum spp.), ships, oil platforms, or the sea surface. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Lingren, P D AU - Westbrook, J K AU - Bryant, VM Jr AU - Raulston, J R AU - Esquivel, J F AU - Jones, G D AD - USDA-ARS, CIPMRU, Rte. 5, Box 808, Coll. Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 562 EP - 570 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Citrus KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - pests KW - pollen KW - weather KW - Noctuidae KW - migration KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16924496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Origin+of+corn+earworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+migrants+as+determined+by+Citrus+pollen+markers+and+synoptic+weather+systems&rft.au=Lingren%2C+P+D%3BWestbrook%2C+J+K%3BBryant%2C+VM+Jr%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BEsquivel%2C+J+F%3BJones%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Lingren&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; migration; pollen; weather; pests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of avian endogenous provirus - cellular junction sequences using inverse polymerase chain reactions AN - 16922994; 3605128 AB - The inverse polymerase chain reaction (invPCR), based on using sets of oligonucleotide primers oriented in the reverse direction of the usual PCR, was used to amplify cell sequences that flank chicken endogenous virus (ev) genes. Inverse PCR products flanking the 5' region of ev7 and ev12 were cloned and cell nucleotide sequences were determined. Subsequent PCRs were conducted using primers based on cell sequences flanking ev7, ev12, and the proviral long terminal repeat of ev1. In a survey of experimental and commercial lines and breeds, ev12 was found among three broiler lines. This approach facilitates the identification of ev genes in breeding stocks without conducting prior conventional progeny testing. Moreover, specific ev genes may be detected in individuals harboring a variety of other ev genes. JF - Animal Biotechnology AU - Iraqi, F AU - Smith, E J AD - USDA-ARS, Avian Dis. Oncol. Lab., E. Lansing, MI 48823, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 69 EP - 80 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5398, 1049-5398 KW - avian endogenous provirus KW - ev gene KW - sequences KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - breeding KW - genes KW - determination KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W2 32435:Animal breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16922994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+avian+endogenous+provirus+-+cellular+junction+sequences+using+inverse+polymerase+chain+reactions&rft.au=Iraqi%2C+F%3BSmith%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Iraqi&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10495398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - breeding; genes; determination; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a broad-based energy tax on the United States economy AN - 16922303; 3599186 AB - The authors investigate the effects of a broad-based energy tax on the United States economy in general and the agricultural sectors in particular. The analytical approach used in the analysis consisted of a general equilibrium model composed of 14 producing sectors, 14 consuming sectors, 6 household categories classified by income, and a government. The effects of imposing a tax on natural gas, coal, and nuclear power of 25.7 cents per million Btu's and a tax on refined petroleum products of 59.9 cents per million Btu's on prices and quantities are examined. JF - Energy Sources AU - Uri, N D AU - Boyd, R AD - Comm. Econ. Div., Econ. Res. Serv., USDA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 133 EP - 160 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0090-8312, 0090-8312 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - government policies KW - taxation KW - USA KW - energy consumption KW - economics KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16922303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Sources&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+broad-based+energy+tax+on+the+United+States+economy&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D%3BBoyd%2C+R&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Sources&rft.issn=00908312&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; energy consumption; economics; taxation; government policies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat selection by Mexican Spotted Owls in northern Arizona AN - 16920660; 3600573 AB - We compared use of seven habitat types to availability of those types within the home ranges of eight radio-tagged Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida). When all habitat types were considered simultaneously, habitat use differed from habitat availability for each owl. Patterns of habitat use varied among individuals and with respect to activity. Owls generally foraged more than or as frequently as expected in virgin mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests, and less than expected in managed forests. Owls roosted primarily in virgin mixed-conifer forests. We also compared habitat characteristics among foraging, roosting, and randomly available sites. Habitat characteristics differed significantly among plot types. Both roosting and foraging sites had more big logs, higher canopy closure, and greater densities and basal areas of both trees and snags than random sites. Roosting sites had greater canopy closure, more big logs, and greater densities of both trees and snags than foraging sites. Mature forests appear to be important to owls in this region, and different forest types may be used for different activities. JF - Auk AU - Ganey, J L AU - Balda, R P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exp. Stn., 2500 S. Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 162 EP - 169 VL - 111 IS - 1 SN - 0004-8038, 0004-8038 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Strix occidentalis lucida KW - habitat selection KW - USA, Arizona KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16920660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Habitat+selection+by+Mexican+Spotted+Owls+in+northern+Arizona&rft.au=Ganey%2C+J+L%3BBalda%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Ganey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strix occidentalis lucida; USA, Arizona; habitat selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A biological sensor for iron available to bacteria in their habitats on plant surfaces AN - 16919860; 3599294 AB - A sensor responsive to iron was constructed by fusing a promoterless ice nucleation activity gene (inaZ) to an iron-regulated promoter of a genomic region involved in pyoverdine (fluorescent siderophore) (pvd) production in Pseudomonas syringae. Cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. syringae that contained the pvd-inaZ fusion expressed iron-responsive ice nucleation activity in the bean rhizosphere and phyllosphere, respectively, and in culture. A comparison of the ice nucleation activity conferred by pvd-inaZ with the activity conferred by iceC revealed the bioavailability of iron in culture or natural habitats. The relative ice nucleation activities expressed by strains containing iceC or pvd-inaZ indicated that, while not abundant, Fe(III) is not present at extremely low concentrations at all microsites colonized by bacteria on plant surfaces. Biological sensors that are constructed by fusing inaZ to chemically responsive promoters provide a novel way to characterize chemical constituents of microbial habitats. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Loper, JE AU - Lindow, SE AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1934 EP - 1941 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - iron KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - nutrient availability KW - phyllosphere KW - plants KW - rhizosphere KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - availability KW - A 01047:General KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16919860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+biological+sensor+for+iron+available+to+bacteria+in+their+habitats+on+plant+surfaces&rft.au=Loper%2C+JE%3BLindow%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Loper&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1934&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutrient availability; phyllosphere; plants; rhizosphere; availability; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pseudomonas syringae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of sterile Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) releases on the target species, a nontarget tephritid, and a braconid parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in commercial coffee fields AN - 16919026; 3603915 AB - A 2-yr program of sterile Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), releases (yr 1:535 million; yr 2: 941 million flies) was conducted on Kauai Island, HI., in commercial coffee (Coffea arabica L.) fields. Fruit collections were used to estimate relative abundances of (1) C. capitata, the target species; (2) oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a potential competing fruit fly species; and (3) a beneficial wasp, Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), that attacks both fruit flies. During season 2, C. capitata abundance in the treatment area was suppressed by as much as 56% compared with the control area. In contrast, the number of B. dorsalis in treated coffee fields was within 6% of that in the control field for both years of the study, indicating that its abundance was not affected by C. capitata sterile releases. Numbers of B. dorsalis were not correlated with those of C. capitata, suggesting that these tephritids were not competitors in that habitat at that time. C. capitata and B. arisanus abundances were correlated positively in two of the four situations studied. Mean numbers of B. arisanus per 100 fruits in treated fields were 5.3 and 3.2 during seasons 1 and 2, respectively. Data suggest that high numbers of B. arisanus remain in a habitat inundated with sterile flies and that sterile C. capitata releases are compatible with B. arisanus parasitism for fruit fly control. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vargas, R I AU - Walsh, WA AU - Hsu, Chiou-Ling AU - Spencer, J AU - Mackey, B AU - Whitehand, L AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 653 EP - 660 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - parasitoids KW - Tephritidae KW - Braconidae KW - sterile-release KW - Hymenoptera KW - Coffea arabica KW - Diptera KW - nontarget organisms KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16919026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+sterile+Mediterranean+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+releases+on+the+target+species%2C+a+nontarget+tephritid%2C+and+a+braconid+parasitoid+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+in+commercial+coffee+fields&rft.au=Vargas%2C+R+I%3BWalsh%2C+WA%3BHsu%2C+Chiou-Ling%3BSpencer%2C+J%3BMackey%2C+B%3BWhitehand%2C+L&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coffea arabica; Ceratitis capitata; Braconidae; Tephritidae; Hymenoptera; Diptera; sterile-release; nontarget organisms; parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed production of wiregrass in central Florida following growing season prescribed burns AN - 16918982; 3597981 AB - Wiregrass (Aristida stricta Michx.) is a major species in the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) sandhills areas of central Florida, providing a major portion of the fuel for the recurring ground fires necessary to maintain the community. Growing season burning promotes flower the seed production. The objective of this study was to assess the seed production potential of wiregrass following prescribed burns from May through August. Four longleaf wiregrass sites were prescribed burned, one each in May, June, July, and August. Information on bunch size, bunch density, seed stalk density, seed density, and seed germination were collected. The four sites differed significantly in the density of wiregrass bunches, average bunch size, wiregrass cover and seed viability. The density of seed stalks was fairly consistent across sites. Viable seed production was lowest on the June burned site and highest on the July burned site. The study shows good quantities of seed are comparatively easy to produce with growing season burns. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Outcalt, K W AD - USDA Forest Serv., P.O. Box 14524, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 123 EP - 125 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aristida stricta KW - seed set KW - USA, Florida KW - burning KW - management KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16918982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Seed+production+of+wiregrass+in+central+Florida+following+growing+season+prescribed+burns&rft.au=Outcalt%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Outcalt&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aristida stricta; USA, Florida; burning; management; seed set ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model accuracy in snowmelt-runoff forecasts extending from 1 to 20 days AN - 16918521; 3601707 AB - This paper examines the performance of snowmelt-runoff models in conditions approximating real-time forecast situations. These tests are one part of an intercomparison of models recently conducted by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Daily runoff from the Canadian snowmelt basin Illecillewaet (1155 km super(2), 509-3150 m a.s.l.) was forecast for 1 to 20 days ahead. The performance of models was better than in a previous WMO project, which dealt with runoff simulations from historical data, for the following reasons: (1) conditions for models were more favorable than a real-time forecast situation because measured input data and not meteorological forecast inputs were distributed to the modelers; (2) the selected test basin was relatively easy to handle and familiar from the previous WMO project; and (3) all kinds of updating were allowed so that some models even improved their accuracy towards longer forecast times. Based on this experience, a more realistic follow-up project can be imagined which would include temperature forecasts and quantitative precipitation forecasts instead of measured data. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Rango, A AU - Martinec, J AD - Hydrol. Lab., USDA/ARS/BARC-W, Build. 007, Rm. 104, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 463 EP - 470 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - forecasting KW - melt water KW - model studies KW - modelling KW - rainfall-runoff relationships KW - snowmelt KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Canada, British Columbia KW - hydrology KW - prediction KW - Freshwater KW - simulation KW - snow KW - runoff KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16918521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Model+accuracy+in+snowmelt-runoff+forecasts+extending+from+1+to+20+days&rft.au=Rango%2C+A%3BMartinec%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; runoff; melt water; snow; prediction; modelling; simulation; model studies; snowmelt; forecasting; rainfall-runoff relationships; Canada, British Columbia; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Markov-recapture population estimates: A tool for improving interpretation of trapping experiments AN - 16918080; 3597335 AB - This paper describes a method of population estimation in which a random, unknown number of individuals is marked using a self-marking bait station (a trap modified for mark and release); animals (both marked and unmarked) may then be captured in an otherwise identical trap, which is available simultaneously. The estimate of the unknown population size is based on the assumption of a closed population and a simple Markov model in which the rates of marking and capture are assumed to be equal. The population size estimator is based on the maximum likelihood technique, and is given by the next integer less than N = (C + R) super(2)/2(R + 1)' where R and C are, respectively, the numbers of marked and unmarked individuals found in the trap. The estimator is almost unbiased for a wide range of true population sizes, and over a wide range of times over which the experiment is run, although it becomes negatively biased when the mean number of recaptures is <5. Confidence limits may be obtained using asymptotic maximum likelihood arguments, although relative likelihood methods perform better when the number of recaptures is small. JF - Ecology AU - Wileyto, E P AU - Ewens, W J AU - Mullen, MA AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv. Stored Prod. Insects Res. and Dev. Lab., 3401 Edwin St., Savannah, GA 31405, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1109 EP - 1117 VL - 75 IS - 4 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - measuring techniques KW - population levels KW - trapping KW - capture-recapture studies KW - Insecta KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16918080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Markov-recapture+population+estimates%3A+A+tool+for+improving+interpretation+of+trapping+experiments&rft.au=Wileyto%2C+E+P%3BEwens%2C+W+J%3BMullen%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Wileyto&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; population levels; measuring techniques; capture-recapture studies; trapping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus nutrition and leaf age effects on sweetpotato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) host selection AN - 16917783; 3603940 AB - The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is a major agricultural pest, causing over $200 million damage to cotton alone in the United States in 1992. To understand sweetpotato whitefly feeding behavior, we examined the effects of phosphorus nutrition and leaf age on sweetpotato whitefly host selection. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings grown either hydroponically in growth chambers or in sand culture in the greenhouse were exposed to sweetpotato whitefly adults when two fully expanded true leaves were present. Phosphorus deficiency reduced oviposition on true leaves by 40% in the growth chamber, and by 38% on the youngest expanded leaf in the greenhouse, but had no effect on oviposition on cotyledons in either environment. When individual leaves from the greenhouse were analyzed, host acceptance was significantly correlated with low leaf sucrose concentration, but appeared to be unrelated to amino acid concentration or amino acid:sucrose ratio. This suggests that host selection was based on minimizing osmotic stress to the insect rather than on maximizing amino acid ingestion. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Skinner, R H AU - Cohen, A C AD - West. Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 693 EP - 698 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - phosphorus KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - leaf characters KW - nutrition KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - host selection KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16917783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+nutrition+and+leaf+age+effects+on+sweetpotato+whitefly+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+host+selection&rft.au=Skinner%2C+R+H%3BCohen%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; nutrition; leaf characters; host selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple method for monitoring dispersal of Heliothis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) backcross sterility genes AN - 16916967; 3606587 AB - Release of sterile backcross males from [Heliothis subflexa (F.) x H. virescens (Guenee) females x H. virescens males] has been suggested as a means of reducing populations of H. virescens. A simple method is needed to measure the persistence or dispersal of the backcross sterility genetic factors. Backcross male sterility is transmitted via maternal inheritance. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) also is inherited maternally; therefore, the mtDNA in the backcross is from H. subflexa. Several regions of the mtDNA were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then were cut with restriction enzymes to generate restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Differences between H. virescens and backcross mtDNA were observed for 16S (ribosomal DNA (rDNA)), 12S-16S rDNA, and the COI-COII (cytochrome oxidase) regions. This is attributed to species-specific differences between H. virescens mtDNA and H. subflexa mtDNA carried by the backcross. Therefore, mtDNA provides a convenient marker for tracking the progress of backcross sterility. Developmental stages from eggs through adults are suitable for use. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Roehrdanz, R L AD - Biosci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, PO Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 676 EP - 679 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - monitoring KW - gene flow KW - Heliothis KW - methodology KW - Lepidoptera KW - sterile-release KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04710:Control KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16916967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Simple+method+for+monitoring+dispersal+of+Heliothis+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+backcross+sterility+genes&rft.au=Roehrdanz%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Roehrdanz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; methodology; monitoring; gene flow; sterile-release ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular gene cloning and nucleotide sequencing and construction of an aroA mutant of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 AN - 16916709; 3600842 AB - The aroA gene of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 was cloned by complementation of the aroA mutation in Escherichia coli K-12 strain AB2829. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.2-kb fragment encoding aroA predicted an open reading frame product 434 amino acids long that shows homology to other bacterial AroA proteins. Several strategies to inactivate aroA were unsuccessful. Gene replacement was finally achieved by constructing a replacement plasmid with aroA inactivated by insertion of a P. haemolytica ampicillin resistance fragment into a unique NdeI site in aroA. Allelic exchange between the replacement plasmid and the chromosome of P. haemolytica gave rise to an ampicillin-resistant mutant which grew on chemically defined P. haemolytica medium supplemented with aromatic amino acids but failed to grow on the same medium lacking tryptophan. Southern blot analysis confirmed that aroA of the mutant was inactivated and that the mutant was without a plasmid. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tatum, F M AU - Briggs, R E AU - Halling, S M AD - Brucellosis Res. Group, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Agric. Res. Cent., USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2011 EP - 2016 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - aroA gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning KW - genes KW - mutants KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - construction KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16916709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+gene+cloning+and+nucleotide+sequencing+and+construction+of+an+aroA+mutant+of+Pasteurella+haemolytica+serotype+A1&rft.au=Tatum%2C+F+M%3BBriggs%2C+R+E%3BHalling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Tatum&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; mutants; cloning; nucleotide sequence; construction; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of recapture patterns of marked and released Aedes vexans and Ae. melanimon (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Sacramento Valley of California AN - 16915803; 3601495 AB - Recapture patterns of Aedes vexans (Meigen) and Aedes melanimon Dyar were compared in a mark-release-recapture study conducted on the Colusa National Wildlife Refuge, Colusa County, California, from 15 August to 2 September 1988. The 2.0% recapture rate for Ae. vexans females was significantly greater than the 0.9% rate for Ae. melanimon females. Daily survivorship of 0.70 for Ae. vexans females was significantly lower than the 0.84 estimate for Ae. melanimon. The two species had different patterns of dispersal. On day 1, when the majority of marked females of both species were recaptured, the mean dispersal distance for Ae. vexans females was significantly greater than that for Ae. melanimon. The cumulative dispersal distance for Ae. vexans females decreased over the study period. In contrast, Ae. melanimon dispersal distances increased gradually over time. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Jensen, T AU - Washino, R K AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 607 EP - 610 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - capture-recapture-studies KW - Aedes melanimon KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aedes vexans KW - Culicidae KW - dispersal KW - USA, California KW - Diptera KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+recapture+patterns+of+marked+and+released+Aedes+vexans+and+Ae.+melanimon+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+in+the+Sacramento+Valley+of+California&rft.au=Jensen%2C+T%3BWashino%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aedes vexans; Diptera; Culicidae; USA, California; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interspecific and intraspecific larval competition between Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and Diabrotica barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 16915540; 3603928 AB - Intraspecific and interspecific competition among northern corn rootworms, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, and western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Densities of both species were varied on potted corn seedlings to determine the effects of competition on adult emergence. The results depended on the initial larval densities of the two species. Intraspecific and interspecific competition significantly affected in adult emergence of both species. Western corn rootworm adult emergence was influenced more by intraspecific competition than interspecific competition, but females were effected by northern corn rootworm densities. Northern corn rootworm was very sensitive to both intraspecific and interspecific competition. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Woodson, W D AD - North. Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, NPA, Rural Route #3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 612 EP - 616 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - larvae KW - interspecific relationships KW - intraspecific relationships KW - Diabrotica virgifera KW - competition KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Interspecific+and+intraspecific+larval+competition+between+Diabrotica+virgifera+virgifera+and+Diabrotica+barberi+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Woodson%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Woodson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica virgifera; Diabrotica barberi; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; competition; intraspecific relationships; interspecific relationships; larvae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of magnetic sector thermal ionization mass spectrometry to studies of erythrocyte iron incorporation in small children AN - 16915533; 157261 AB - The optimal evaluation of iron metabolism requires the administration of two isotopes of iron. However, high-precision measurement of isotopic ratios from blood samples obtained after administration of two stable isotopes of iron to human subjects has not previously been reported. Using a cation-exchange system to isolate iron from blood samples, we found that high-precision (<0.2%) measurements of super(58)Fe/ super(56)Fe and super(57)Fe/ super(56)Fe could be performed using magnetic sector thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Clinical studies in four 1-year-old infants showed that this technique could be used to demonstrate a lower rate of iron absorption in small children given an iron supplement ( super(57)Fe) with milk compared to those given iron ( super(58)Fe and ferrous sulfate) with ascorbic acid. This technique will enable the evaluation of iron metabolism in populations in whom the use of radioactive iron tracers is not appropriate. JF - Biological Mass Spectrometry AU - Abrams, Steven A AU - Wen, Jianping AU - O'Brien, Kimberly O AU - Stuff, Janice E AU - Liang, Lily K AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Cent, Houston, TX, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 771 EP - 775 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, CHICHESTER, (ENGL) VL - 23 IS - 12 SN - 1052-9306, 1052-9306 KW - Ferrous sulfate KW - Ion exchangers KW - Iron KW - Magnetic sector thermal ionization mass spectrometry KW - Precision measurement KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Blood KW - Isotopes KW - Absorption KW - Metabolism KW - W4 801.4:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 802.1:CHEMICAL PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Application+of+magnetic+sector+thermal+ionization+mass+spectrometry+to+studies+of+erythrocyte+iron+incorporation+in+small+children&rft.au=Abrams%2C+Steven+A%3BWen%2C+Jianping%3BO%27Brien%2C+Kimberly+O%3BStuff%2C+Janice+E%3BLiang%2C+Lily+K&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.issn=10529306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Isotopes; Absorption; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating mortality caused by parasites and diseases of insects: Comparisons of the dissection and rearing methods AN - 16915488; 3603925 AB - Because the measurement of insect mortality caused by parasites and disease is fundamental to biological control and related fields, accurate data are of great importance. Most studies rely on the rearing of hosts to determine the incidence of disease and parasitism, and the results are seldom compared with those determined by the dissection method. The examples in the current study show that parasitism measured by dissection was 12 to 44% higher than by rearing, and that dissections are much more accurate than rearing for measuring the effects of parasites and disease, because dissection data are not confounded by the disproportional mortality of parasitized hosts by disease and stress that occurs during the rearing process. Moreover, even parasitism data obtained by dissections underestimate mortality because a considerable proportion of hosts die of oviposition trauma, and in some species, after being fed upon by female parasites before they are sampled. The rearing method is useful for determining parasite species as well as other purposes, and these are listed along with the numerous advantages of dissections. Although dissections provide the most accurate mortality estimates, for the most comprehensive results, both rearing and dissection methods should be used concurrently. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Day, W H AD - Beneficial Insects Res. Lab., USDA, 501 S. Chapel St., Newark, DE 19713, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 543 EP - 550 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - parasites KW - dissection KW - diseases KW - methodology KW - mortality KW - rearing KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Estimating+mortality+caused+by+parasites+and+diseases+of+insects%3A+Comparisons+of+the+dissection+and+rearing+methods&rft.au=Day%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - diseases; parasites; mortality; rearing; dissection; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation between gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations by spectral color discrimination of head capsules AN - 16915284; 3593356 AB - Head capsules of 579 individuals from 28 different population of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were reliably classified with an analysis of their color spectrum. Based on 26 variables, derived from ) 17 million color combinations of red, green, and blue, a set of numeric characteristics permitted discrimination between gypsy moth populations from the former Soviet Union, the northeastern United States, and the laboratory. Discriminant analysis of color spectra also differentiated among laboratory families reared on the same diet as well as instars within the same family. The 26 variables, which were derived from a series of discriminant analyses and tested on head capsules from populations from Japan, China, Yugoslavia, and Maryland, provided separation as well as a high level of correct classification. This procedure may be useful when head capsule or other spectral data are used in studies of biocontrol, behavior, and population dynamics. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Wallner, W E AU - Grinberg, P S AU - Walton, G S AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Northeastern Cent. Forest Health Res., Hamden, CT 06514, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 659 EP - 664 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - body size KW - Lepidoptera KW - population differentiation KW - Lymantriidae KW - coloration KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - Z 05159:Adults KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25863:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Differentiation+between+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+populations+by+spectral+color+discrimination+of+head+capsules&rft.au=Wallner%2C+W+E%3BGrinberg%2C+P+S%3BWalton%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Wallner&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; coloration; body size; population differentiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of erosion and climate interactions on corn yield AN - 16915047; 3601161 AB - An accurate assessment of the impacts of soil erosion on corn production is needed for conservation and management programs. Climatic variability produces a range of crop yield responses on eroded and non-eroded soil profiles and often masks the long-term trends and differences. Short-term corn yield data from representative soils across the North Central region were supplemented with calculated yields from the NTRM model to develop long-term yield responses for the historical climate records at each of seven highly-managed rainfed sites across the region. Results showed that long-term average regional corn yields were reduced by 10% for severely eroded versus control plots. Till-derived soils showed yield reductions averaging 12%, while loess soils lost an average of 7%. Sensitivity runs with the NTRM model made after field validation with 119 plot-years of data suggested that changes in soil physical properties, especially plant-available water holding capacities, probably accounted for most of the yield differences. Mean growing season (May-September) precipitation across all sites for the short-term field study was 35.3 cm, compared with 36.3 cm for the long-term historical record. This resulted in a mean short-term corn yield reduction of 9% for severely eroded soils versus a reduction of 10% for the same soils based on long-term climate projections. However, the close agreement between the short- and long-term studies with regard to mean growing season precipitation and corresponding corn yields should not be used to make the general conclusion that 3 to 6 years is an adequate time period for field research on long-term crop response to eroded soil conditions. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Shaffer, MJ AU - Schumacher, TE AU - Ego, CL AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Res. Unit, Fed. Bldg., P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 272 EP - 275 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - NTRM model KW - cultivated lands KW - soil management KW - climatology KW - loess KW - corn KW - crop yield KW - climate KW - Zea mays KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - precipitation KW - soil erosion KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+erosion+and+climate+interactions+on+corn+yield&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+MJ%3BSchumacher%2C+TE%3BEgo%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; soil erosion; cultivated lands; agriculture; soil management; climatology; precipitation; loess; corn; crop yield; climate ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of bi-directional fay, omni-directional, CDC, and duplex cone traps for sampling adult Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in North Florida AN - 16914968; 3603938 AB - We compared the number of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti females collected in CDC, duplex cone, bi-directional Fay, and new omni-directional traps in a series of trials in northern Florida during 1992 and 1993. Bi-directional Fay and omni-directional traps collected significantly more Ae. albopictus females than did the other trap tested. The bi-directional Fay trap collected significantly more Ae. aegypti females than did any other trap. The results of these studies indicate that these traps may be useful tools for sampling Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti adults. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Jensen, T AU - Willis, O R AU - Fukuda, T AU - Barnard AD - USDA-ARS, Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab. P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 74 EP - 78 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aedes aegypti KW - population levels KW - USA, Florida KW - Culicidae KW - Aedes albopictus KW - sampling KW - traps KW - Diptera KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16914968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+bi-directional+fay%2C+omni-directional%2C+CDC%2C+and+duplex+cone+traps+for+sampling+adult+Aedes+albopictus+and+Aedes+aegypti+in+North+Florida&rft.au=Jensen%2C+T%3BWillis%2C+O+R%3BFukuda%2C+T%3BBarnard&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aedes albopictus; Aedes aegypti; Culicidae; Diptera; USA, Florida; sampling; traps; population levels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro proliferation and production of gamma interferon by murine CD4 super(+) cells in response to Cryptosporidium parvum antigen AN - 16912471; 3599388 AB - Spleen cells from mice immunized with Cryptosporidium parvum were enriched for T cells by passage over an affinity chromatography column. The proliferative response of these cells was > 2-fold higher than the response of unenriched cells. T-enriched cells were enriched further for either CD4 super(+) cells or CD8 super(+) cells. The proliferative response of CD4-enriched cells was > 4-fold higher than the response by unenriched cells. CD8 super(+) cells were essentially nonresponsive to C. parvum antigen. Culture supernatant fractions from these variously enriched splenocyte populations were assayed for cytokine production. Cultures containing CD4 super(+) cells produced gamma interferon and interleukin-2 following incubation with C. parvum antigen. None of the cultures produced interleukin-4. Production of gamma interferon and interleukin-2, but not interleukin-4, is characteristic of the previously described Th1 helper cell subset. Our data indicate that a subset of murine lymphocytes consistent with the Th1 helper cell phenotype proliferates following in vitro stimulation with C. parvum antigen. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Harp, JA AU - Whitmire, WM AU - Sacco, R AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Metab. Dis. and Immunol. Res. Unit, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 67 EP - 72 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - CD4 antigen KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - helper cells KW - in vitro KW - production KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - lymphocytes T KW - gamma -interferon KW - antigens KW - K 03086:Immunology & vaccination KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16912471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+proliferation+and+production+of+gamma+interferon+by+murine+CD4+super%28%2B%29+cells+in+response+to+Cryptosporidium+parvum+antigen&rft.au=Harp%2C+JA%3BWhitmire%2C+WM%3BSacco%2C+R&rft.aulast=Harp&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidium parvum; gamma -interferon; production; in vitro; antigens; lymphocytes T; helper cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of a diallel cross to estimate effects of crossing on performance of red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii AN - 16912255; 3593056 AB - A complete diallel cross among three populations of red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii, was used to estimate genetic effects for body size traits and dressout percentage. Offspring were grown in 2.4-meter diameter fiberglas pools with rice as forage. Crawfish were harvested after 150 days, sorted by sex and male maturity stage, and measured for dressout percentage and nine body size traits. Estimates of heterosis, line, maternal, reciprocal effects and general combining ability for traits were obtained by forming contrasts among appropriate least squares means. Estimates were made for all animals combined and for mature males, immature males, and females separately. Significant (P < 0.05) heterosis and line effects for dressout percentage indicate identification of strains with higher dressout percentage may be possible. Significant (P < 0.05) maternal effects for body size traits of females and mature males suggest a difference in egg size, egg quality or cytoplasmic inheritance among populations. JF - Aquaculture AU - Bosworth, B G AU - Wolters, W R AU - Saxton, A M AD - USDA/ARS Catfish Genet. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 301 EP - 312 VL - 121 IS - 4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - crayfish culture KW - diallel cross analysis KW - dressout percentage KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Genetics Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Procambarus clarkii KW - genetics KW - body size KW - Freshwater KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - G 07290:Population genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16912255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+a+diallel+cross+to+estimate+effects+of+crossing+on+performance+of+red+swamp+crawfish%2C+Procambarus+clarkii&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+B+G%3BWolters%2C+W+R%3BSaxton%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetics; crayfish culture; body size; Procambarus clarkii; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field applications of Beauveria bassiana for control of the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AN - 16911241; 3600553 AB - A Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin isolate (Bb447), recovered from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, in Brazil was applied to fire ant mounds in Florida pastures. Rice with Bb447 applied to the tops of mounds resulted in a maximum infection of 55% of the live ants sampled; 70% of the treated mounds remained active or formed active new mounds within 8 wk. Injections of conidial powder formulations of Bb447 in late fall and early summer resulted in peak infections of 60 and 52% of live ants sampled, respectively. All of the injected mounds remained active or formed active new mounds within 8 wk after treatment. Injection of Bb447 mixed with a hydrophobic silica carrier resulted in a 52% reduction in active mounds. Injection of the silica carrier alone resulted in a 41% reduction. Foraging by the red imported fire ant was reduced significantly in areas within which mounds were injected with fungal formulations, whereas foraging by other ant species increased in these areas. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Oi, D H AU - Pereira, R M AU - Stimac, J L AU - Wood, LA AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 623 EP - 630 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Formicidae KW - pathogens KW - pest control KW - Hymenoptera KW - pesticide applications KW - biological control KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16911241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Field+applications+of+Beauveria+bassiana+for+control+of+the+red+imported+fire+ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=Oi%2C+D+H%3BPereira%2C+R+M%3BStimac%2C+J+L%3BWood%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Oi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beauveria bassiana; Solenopsis invicta; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; pesticide applications; pest control; pathogens; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal aspects of sperm transfer and spermatophore condition in Mexican rice borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 16909584; 3600955 AB - Sperm transfer and spermatophore disintegration in females and duplex refilling in males of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), were examined by freezing moths at time intervals after mating. Eupyrene sperm location and spermatophore condition in female moths changed with time after mating. Sperm transferred from the spermatophore to the spermatheca between 6 and 8 h after mating. Spermatophores passed through several stages of disintegration and were completely disintegrated after 72 to 96 h. Stages of spermatophore disintegration are described and can be used to estimate time since females have mated. Numbers of sperm bundles in male duplexes increased with increasing time after mating but were too variable to be of practical use in assessing mating status. The best indicator of male mating status was duplex condition (color). Duplex condition can be used to determine mating status for ) 6 h after mating, although estimates using this criterion will be slight underestimates of actual mating activity. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Raulston, J R AU - Lingren, P D AU - Shaver, T N AU - Proshold, F I AU - Gillespie, J M AD - Crop Insects Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 371 EP - 376 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Eoreuma loftini KW - Lepidoptera KW - temporal variations KW - reproductive behavior KW - breeding status KW - spermatozoa KW - spermatophores KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16909584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Temporal+aspects+of+sperm+transfer+and+spermatophore+condition+in+Mexican+rice+borers+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+D+W%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BShaver%2C+T+N%3BProshold%2C+F+I%3BGillespie%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eoreuma loftini; Pyralidae; Lepidoptera; reproductive behavior; temporal variations; spermatozoa; spermatophores; breeding status ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flight orientation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and D. barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) at habitat interfaces AN - 16908970; 3592439 AB - The short-range flight orientation behavior of adult western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, and adult northern corn rootworms, D. barberi (Smith & Lawrence), was observed within plots of corn, Zea mays L. and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., and at the interface between corn and other crop and noncrop habitats. The direction of flight was random within corn and soybeans, but at the interface between early- and late-planted corn, beetles of both species generally oriented more toward flowering corn than vegetative or post-flowering corn. Beetles also oriented toward corn rather than soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.) mixed with weeds, independent of the developmental stage of the corn. In general, flight orientation behavior did not differ with sex, and flight direction was not modified by wind or the presence of the observer. It appears that, although movement within a homogeneous habitat is random, movement at the boundaries of dissimilar habitats is nonrandom. This behavior should be considered in the development of models for predicting large-scale dispersal of these insects within the corn ecosystem. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Naranjo, SE AD - North. Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, RR 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 383 EP - 394 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - orientation KW - Coleoptera KW - ecotones KW - Diabrotica KW - flight activity KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16908970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Flight+orientation+of+Diabrotica+virgifera+virgifera+and+D.+barberi+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+at+habitat+interfaces&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; ecotones; flight activity; orientation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and application of a hive-mounted device that uses honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to disseminate Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus AN - 16908247; 3603825 AB - The honey bee, Apis mellifera L., is a highly efficient forager on numerous flowering plants that host phytophagous insect pests. Because of these associations, honey bees theoretically provide an economical and nonintrusive means of conveying biorational mortality agents against pest species. This hypothesis was tested during April 1989 by employing a specially designed plexiglass and sheet metal applicator that causes honey bees to disseminate a talc formulation of Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HNPV) into fields of crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L. The device when integrated into a specifically designed substructure of a conventional beehive provided separate entry and departure pathways for honey bees, which allowed bees to be surface-contaminated with the HNPV formulation as they exited the hive. The mean percentage of HNPV-induced mortality was significantly higher among Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) larvae that fed on clover heads from fields foraged by HNPV-contaminated A. mellifera and among Heliothis or Helicoverpa spp. larvae collected from those fields than among similarly exposed control larvae. HNPV in honey collected from treatment hives and stored at 26 plus or minus 1 degree C in total darkness remained active for at least 170 d. The extent to which the technology for using A. mellifera to disseminate insect pathogens is applicable for pest control will depend on an improved understanding of the interrelationships among A. mellifera, flowering plants on which they forage, targeted phytophages which reside on the plants, and the availability of pathogens which attack the phytophages. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Gross, H R AU - Hamm, J J AU - Carpenter, JE AD - Insect Biol. and Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 492 EP - 501 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - hives KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - biological control KW - disease transmission KW - Heliothis KW - methodology KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16908247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Design+and+application+of+a+hive-mounted+device+that+uses+honey+bees+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+to+disseminate+Heliothis+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus&rft.au=Gross%2C+H+R%3BHamm%2C+J+J%3BCarpenter%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Heliothis; Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; methodology; disease transmission; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overwintering and establishment potential of Bagous affinis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) in northern California AN - 16908136; 3598949 AB - Bagous affinis Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has potential as a biological control agent for subterranean turions (also called tubers) of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle; Hydrocharitaceae). The ability of B. affinis to overwinter and establish was investigated at 2 sites in northern California; a pond in Calaveras County and the Chowchilla River in Madera County. In cage studies conducted at the pond, B. affinis survived the winter for 2 seasons. After releases at the pond, B. affinis successfully reproduced and survived during the summer of 1992. Weevil larvae had damaged both sentinel and native tubers at the site. In the spring, following the release of B. affinis at the pond, a light trap and baited shelter traps were used to detect weevils that had overwintered naturally at the site. No weevils were recovered. At the Chowchilla River site, B. affinis failed to establish, possibly due to a lack of tubers in the section of the river where the releases were made. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Godfrey, KE AU - Anderson, LWJ AU - Perry, S D AU - Dechoretz, N AD - USDA, ARS, Aquat. Weed Control Res. Lab., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 221 EP - 230 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - aquatic insects KW - freshwater weeds KW - plant control KW - population establishment KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - Freshwater KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - ponds KW - Curculionidae KW - USA, California KW - Bagous affinis KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16908136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Overwintering+and+establishment+potential+of+Bagous+affinis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+on+Hydrilla+verticillata+%28Hydrocharitaceae%29+in+northern+California&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+KE%3BAnderson%2C+LWJ%3BPerry%2C+S+D%3BDechoretz%2C+N&rft.aulast=Godfrey&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ponds; biological control; plant control; aquatic insects; freshwater weeds; population establishment; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Bagous affinis; Hydrilla verticillata; USA, California; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying an empirical model of stomatal conductance to three C-4 grasses AN - 16906135; 3591820 AB - An empirical equation for stomatal conductance has been developed. The equation is based on a linear index, which was modified to represent nonlinear independent effects of CO sub(2) flux and water vapor pressure deficit. The equation was applied to data from caucasian bluestem (Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubb.) and two accessions of Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.), measuring responses of leaves of the three grasses to wide ranges of environmental conditions. The equation accurately predicts stomatal conductance in these C-4 grasses, but requires measured photosynthesis as an input variable. Dependence on only environmental inputs was achieved by including the equation as the conductance submodel in a complete leaf gas exchange model, along with a photosynthesis submodel derived from a biochemically based model. This simplified submodel also describes the data well, as does the integrated model. Comparisons of model results and derived parameter values indicate important differences among gas exchange properties of the three grasses. Implementation details of the model are discussed, along with approaches for adapting it for simulating interleaf variability, water stress effects, and patchy stomatal function. JF - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Dougherty, R L AU - Bradford, JA AU - Coyne, P I AU - Sims, P L AD - Southern Plains Range Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, 2000 18th St., Woodward, OK 73801, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 269 EP - 290 VL - 67 IS - 3-4 SN - 0168-1923, 0168-1923 KW - Bothriochloa caucasia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - conductance KW - stomata KW - Tripsacum dactyloides KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16906135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Applying+an+empirical+model+of+stomatal+conductance+to+three+C-4+grasses&rft.au=Dougherty%2C+R+L%3BBradford%2C+JA%3BCoyne%2C+P+I%3BSims%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=01681923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tripsacum dactyloides; stomata; conductance; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compatible and incompatible responses in alfalfa cotyledons to races 1 and 2 of Colletotrichum trifolii AN - 16905200; 3592152 AB - Specific race interactions between Colletotrichum trifolii and cultivars of resistant and susceptible alfalfa were examined in nonwounded excised cotyledons. Cotyledons in incompatible and compatible interactions exhibited visible differential reactions within 7-10 days after inoculation. C. trifolii infected alfalfa by directly penetrating the epidermis via a penetration peg from the appressorium. Appressoria matured within 20 h on resistant and susceptible cotyledons, but primary hyphae did not develop on resistant cotyledons. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the pterocarpan phytoalexin medicarpin began to increase in resistant tissues after 24 h. Cotyledon tissues apparently became resistant prior to significant increases in medicarpin. Medicarpin concentration in resistant cultivars was highest at 72 h and declined to baseline levels by 120 h. Secondary spores were produced in susceptible tissues after 96 h. Cotyledons appear to be ideal tissues to use in investigations of defense expression in the anthracnose disease of alfalfa. JF - Phytopathology AU - O'Neill, N R AU - Saunders, JA AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 283 EP - 287 VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cotyledons KW - infection KW - Medicago sativa KW - Colletotrichum trifolii KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16905200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Compatible+and+incompatible+responses+in+alfalfa+cotyledons+to+races+1+and+2+of+Colletotrichum+trifolii&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+N+R%3BSaunders%2C+JA&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum trifolii; Medicago sativa; infection; cotyledons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative reproduction and nonparasitic development of Boophilus microplus and hybridized Boophilus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) under natural field conditions in subtropical South Texas AN - 16904351; 3595880 AB - The reproductive biology and nonparasitic development of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) and hybridized Boophilus ticks (B. annulatus (Say) male x B. microplus female) held under natural field conditions in south Texas throughout the year were compared. Comparisons between the two types of ticks indicated that the ovipositional biology (percentage of ovipositing females and number of eggs laid) of the females favored hybrid ticks during some months and B. microplus ticks during other months. However, on a yearlong basis, there was virtually no difference in the percentage of ovipositing females or in the number of eggs deposited by hybrid females as compared to B. microplus. The duration of each nonparasitic development period (preoviposition period, incubation period of eggs, and larval longevity) showed that both types of ticks had very similar developmental and survival rates during the year. Generally the difference in duration of each of the nonparasitic parameters was < 8 days, leading to a high degree of synchrony of the nonparasitic developmental rates between the two types of ticks. On the other hand, egg hatchability of hybrid ticks was consistently lower than pure-strain B. microplus throughout the year with significantly lower hatch rates occuring in April, July, August, October, and November. Thus, results obtained on percentage of ovipositing females, number of eggs laid, preoviposition period, incubation period of eggs, and larval longevity provide positive encouragement for the possible use of sterile hybrid males as a means of eliminating a native B. microplus population. In contrast, results of the egg hatchability of the two types of ticks indicate that the selective advantage afforded to B. microplus could have an adverse affect on the success of a sterile hybrid male program by making the number of hybrid ticks necessary to eliminate a native population prohibitively high. JF - Experimental and Applied Acarology AU - Davey, R B AU - Pound, J M AU - Cooksey, L M AD - USDA-ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res. Lab., P.O. Box 969, Mission, TX 78572, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 185 EP - 200 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0168-8162, 0168-8162 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Ixodidae KW - reproduction KW - Boophilus KW - USA, Texas KW - Acari KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04660:Arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16904351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+and+Applied+Acarology&rft.atitle=Comparative+reproduction+and+nonparasitic+development+of+Boophilus+microplus+and+hybridized+Boophilus+ticks+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+under+natural+field+conditions+in+subtropical+South+Texas&rft.au=Davey%2C+R+B%3BPound%2C+J+M%3BCooksey%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+and+Applied+Acarology&rft.issn=01688162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boophilus; Acari; Ixodidae; USA, Texas; reproduction; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A risk analysis model for experimental veterinary vaccines. A new way of analyzing risk is now available on disk AN - 16903520; 3595332 JF - Bio/Technology (new title: Nature Biotechnology?) AU - Gay, C G AD - Biotechnol. Sect. Vet. Biol., Biol. Environ. Prot., Anim. Plant Health Insp. Serv., USDA, 6505 Belcrest Rd., Rm. 838, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 826 EP - 827 VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 0733-222X, 0733-222X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - models KW - computer programs KW - veterinary medicine KW - vaccines KW - risk assessment KW - A 01096:General KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16903520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.atitle=A+risk+analysis+model+for+experimental+veterinary+vaccines.+A+new+way+of+analyzing+risk+is+now+available+on+disk&rft.au=Gay%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.issn=0733222X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; models; vaccines; veterinary medicine; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diurnal trends in wheat canopy temperature, photosynthesis, and evapotranspiration AN - 16900805; 147407 AB - Canopy temperature, canopy photosynthesis and evapotranspiration of spring wheat irrigated at two levels were measured. The canopy was enclosed by a portable field chamber, CO sub(2) and water vapor concentrations were measured by a gas analyzer operated in differential mode. Canopy temperature was measured with an infra red thermometer mounted on the outside front corner of the chamber CT were also measured from a fixed infrared thermometer at the weather station and low flying aircraft. Diurnal measurements obtained from fully irrigated and deficit-irrigated plots were compared. The differences in ET and CT of the plots were determined. The cumulative daytime photosynthesis of irrigated and deficit-irrigated plots were evaluated with respect to CER, ET values were estimated. Diurnal trends in CT and ET were used to associate the irrigated and deficit irrigated plots. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Reicosky, D C AU - Brown, P W AU - Moran AD - USDA-ARS-MWA, Morris, MN, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 235 EP - 245 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Calibration KW - Canopy photosynthesis KW - Carbon diode exchange rate KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Diurnal measurements KW - Infrared thermometer KW - Microwave measurement KW - Optical variables measurement KW - Plants (botany) KW - Temperature measurement KW - Thermometers KW - Wheat canopy temperature KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Photosynthesis KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Satellites KW - Crops KW - EE 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - EE 454.1:ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GENERAL) KW - W4 942.2:ELECTRIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 944.6:TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - EE 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - EE 944.6:TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 454.1:ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GENERAL) KW - EE 942.2:ELECTRIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16900805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Diurnal+trends+in+wheat+canopy+temperature%2C+photosynthesis%2C+and+evapotranspiration&rft.au=Reicosky%2C+D+C%3BBrown%2C+P+W%3BMoran&rft.aulast=Reicosky&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photosynthesis; Thermometers; Evapotranspiration; Satellites; Crops; Carbon dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical properties of a clayey coastal plain soil as affected by tillage AN - 16900460; 3590016 AB - A 4-year study was conducted to determine the effects of different tillage systems on physical properties of a clayey Coastal Plain soil. The systems no-till (NT), fall moldboard plow-spring disk harrow (MB), and fall chisel plow-spring disk harrow (CP) were used in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), summer grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) rotation on a Greenville sandy clay loam. Bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil moisture retention were determined on soil samples collected from the no traffic interrow areas of plots used concurrently for a rainfall simulator study of surface runoff and N movement. Examination of changes in the physical properties of the top soil zone (2.5-10.1 cm) showed that, after 1-1/2 years of tillage treatment and thereafter, the NT soil was different from the other two treatments. The NT top soil zone had significantly greater bulk density, lower saturated hydraulic conductivity, and held more water than the same soil zone on the other two treatments. Without tillage, the top soil zone of the interrow areas of this sandy clay loam soil hence was denser, harder, and had more smaller sized pores than the same zone on the other two treatments. A final sampling using soil pits showed the NT treatment to be denser and have lower saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 15-38 cm depth zone. The NT had greater soil moisture retention than the other two treatments at depths greater than 30 cm. Rainfall simulator work on these same treatments showed greater infiltration into and less surface runoff from the NT treatment than for the other treatments. With greater water-holding capacity, less surface runoff and more water infiltrating during rainfall events, and reduced evapotranspiration from under the mulch layer, as indicated by observed greater soil surface moisture contents, the NT treatment on this soil was beneficial to soil erosion protection and promoted increased crop production. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Hargrove, W L AU - Lowrance, R R AU - Williams, R G AU - Mullinix, B G AD - USDA-ARS, S.E. Waters. Res. Lab., Tifton GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 276 EP - 283 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - field tests KW - soil horizons KW - clays KW - rainfall simulators KW - soil properties KW - erosion control KW - infiltration KW - permeability coefficient KW - evapotranspiration KW - coastal plains KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16900460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Physical+properties+of+a+clayey+coastal+plain+soil+as+affected+by+tillage&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BHargrove%2C+W+L%3BLowrance%2C+R+R%3BWilliams%2C+R+G%3BMullinix%2C+B+G&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; coastal plains; clays; soil horizons; permeability coefficient; field tests; rainfall simulators; evapotranspiration; infiltration; erosion control; soil properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secondary chemistry of the leaf surface of Flourensia cernua AN - 16899281; 3590908 AB - Epicuticular wax accounted for 9.2% of the dry wt. of whole Flourensia cernua (tarbush) leaves. Leaf surface extracts of tarbush were analyzed for mono- and sesquiterpenoids with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Camphene, beta -myrcene, 3-carene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, borneol, cis-jasmone, beta -caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and globulol were consistently present on the leaf surface of tarbush. Concentrations of several unidentified compounds were estimated. A great deal of plant-to-plant variability was detected in leaf surface mono- and sesquiterpenoid concentration. Information obtained on surface chemistry might be exploited to enhance the use of tarbush as a forage for domestic herbivores. JF - Biochemical Systematics and Ecology AU - Estell, R E AU - Havstad, K M AU - Fredrickson, EL AU - Gardea-Torresdey, J L AD - USDA-ARS-Jornada Exp. Range, Box 30003-Dep. 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 73 EP - 77 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0305-1978, 0305-1978 KW - Fluorensia cernua KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - chemical composition KW - leaves KW - surface area KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16899281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Secondary+chemistry+of+the+leaf+surface+of+Flourensia+cernua&rft.au=Estell%2C+R+E%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BFredrickson%2C+EL%3BGardea-Torresdey%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Estell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.issn=03051978&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - leaves; surface area; chemical composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photosynthesis, water relations, and growth of planted Pinus strobus L. on burned sites in the southern Appalachians AN - 16899240; 3590563 AB - We measured net photosynthesis, leaf conductance, xylem water potential, and growth of Pinus strobus L. seedlings two years after planting on two clear-cut and burned sites in the southern Appalachians. Multiple regression analysis was used to relate seedling net photosynthesis to vapor pressure deficit, seedling crown temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), needle N, xylem water potential, and soil water, and to relate seedling size and growth to physiological measurements (average net photosynthesis, leaf conductance, and cumulative xylem water potential), soil water, needle N, seedling temperature, and PAR. Seedling net photosynthesis was significantly related to vapor pressure deficit, midday water potential, crown temperature, and PAR (r super(2) = 0.70) early in the growing season (May 1992) with vapor pressure deficit alone explaining 42% of the variation. As neighboring vegetation developed, light became more limiting and significantly reduced seedling net photosynthesis later in the growing season (July, August, and September). Final seedling diameter was significantly related to competitor biomass, average photosynthetic rate, and needle N (r super(2) = 0.68). JF - Tree Physiology AU - Elliott, K J AU - Vose, J M AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Coweeta Hydrol. Lab., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 439 EP - 454 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - burnt ground KW - USA, Appalachian Mts. KW - Pinus strobus KW - water relations KW - growth KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16899240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Photosynthesis%2C+water+relations%2C+and+growth+of+planted+Pinus+strobus+L.+on+burned+sites+in+the+southern+Appalachians&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BVose%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus strobus; USA, Appalachian Mts.; photosynthesis; water relations; growth; burnt ground ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and reproduction of stored-product beetles on seeds cached by a desert rodent and by native Americans AN - 16897172; 3582728 AB - We examined the survival and reproduction of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), on seed diets of 16 plants from desert habitats in Arizona. Some of these desert seeds are harvested, stored, and eventually eaten by the banner-tailed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis, or by native American Indians. Seed diets were also prepared from cultivated cereals (e.g., Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays) that become infested with stored-product beetles in grain stores. Few or no adult beetles remained alive after 30 d on diets of intact seeds of a majority of the native plants we tested. Beetle survival was high, with numerous larvae and pupae, on intact seeds of cultivated barley, wheat, or maize. When flour diets were prepared from desert seeds, several also failed to support beetle populations, including species stored by kangaroo rats and native Americans (e.g., Prosopis juliflora and Monolepis nuttaliana). These results help to explain the absence of stored-product beetles in seed stores recovered from kangaroo rat burrows in Arizona. With T. castaneum, the nutritive value of flour prepared from Panicum sonorum, a seed eaten by native Americans, greatly exceeded that of any cultivated cereal we tested. Desert seeds stored by kangaroo rats or native Americans may be sources of safe antiinsectan natural compounds and other novel gene products to be used in protecting cultivated cereals from insect pests while having no or low toxic effects on vertebrates. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Wicklow, D T AU - McAlpin, CE AU - Nelsen, T C AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 414 EP - 419 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - reproduction KW - deserts KW - Tenebrionidae KW - stored products KW - USA, Arizona KW - seeds KW - survival KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16897172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Survival+and+reproduction+of+stored-product+beetles+on+seeds+cached+by+a+desert+rodent+and+by+native+Americans&rft.au=Wicklow%2C+D+T%3BMcAlpin%2C+CE%3BNelsen%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Wicklow&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tenebrionidae; Coleoptera; USA, Arizona; survival; reproduction; stored products; seeds; deserts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct assessment of symbiotically fixed nitrogen in the rhizosphere of alfalfa AN - 16896361; 3589506 AB - Rhizodeposition has been proposed as one mechanism for the accumulation of significant amounts of N in soil during legume growth. The objective of this experiment was to directly quantify losses of symbiotically fixed N from living alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) roots to the rhizosphere. We used super(15)N-labeled N sub(2) gas to tag recently fixed N in three alfalfa lines [cv. Saranac, Ineffective Saranac (an ineffectively nodulated line), and an unnamed line in early stages of selection for apparent N excretion] growing in 1-m long polyvinylchloride drainage lysimeters in loamy sand soil in a greenhouse. Plants were in the late vegetative to flowering growth stage during the 2-day labelling period. We determined the fate of this fixed N in various plant organs and soil after a short equilibration period (2 to 4 days) and after one regrowth period (35 to 37 days). Extrapolated N sub(2) fixation rates (46 to 77 mu g plant super(-1) h super(-1)) were similar to rates others have measured in the field. Although there was significant accretion of total N in rhizosphere compared to bulk soil, less than 1% was derived from newly fixed N and there were no differences between the 'excreting' line and Saranac. Loss of N in percolate water was small. These results provide the first direct evidence that little net loss of symbiotically-fixed N occurs from living alfalfa roots into surrounding soil. In addition, these results confirm our earlier findings, which depended on indirect super(15)N labelling techniques. Net N accumulation in soil during alfalfa growth is likely due to other processes, such as decomposition of roots, nodules, and above ground litter, rather than to N excretion from living roots and nodules. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Russelle, M P AU - Allan, D L AU - Gourley, CJP AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., 439 Borlaug Hall, Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-6028, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 233 EP - 243 VL - 159 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - symbionts KW - rhizosphere KW - nitrogen fixation KW - Medicago sativa KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16896361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Direct+assessment+of+symbiotically+fixed+nitrogen+in+the+rhizosphere+of+alfalfa&rft.au=Russelle%2C+M+P%3BAllan%2C+D+L%3BGourley%2C+CJP&rft.aulast=Russelle&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; rhizosphere; nitrogen fixation; symbionts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of fungal pathogens (imperfect fungi: Hyphomycetes) to pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) AN - 16896340; 3588458 AB - Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, M. flavoviride (Gams & Rozsypal), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wise) Brown & Smith, and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas were evaluated for pathogenicity and virulence to pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), nymphs using a detached-leaf bioassay. Isolates within B. bassiana and P. fumosoroseus were also compared. Conidia suspended in water were applied to first and second instars at various concentrations and evaluated 3, 5, and 7 d after application. All of the fungal isolates tested were pathogenic to pear psylla nymphs. B. bassiana, P. farinosus, and V. lecanii were significantly more virulent than the Metarhizium spp. (mortality range, 92.5-99.6% versus 42.3-54.7%, respectively, on 7 d at 10 super(7) conidia/ml). Similarly, the LC sub(50)s did not significantly differ for all isolates except the Metharhizium spp. and ranged between 1.4 x 10 super(2) - 2.0 x 10 super(4) conidia/ml on 7 d. Metarhizium spp. had significantly lower LC sub(50)s than the other isolates, that ranged from 2.3 x 10 super(7) - 11.7 x 10 super(10) conidia/ml on 7 d. The fastest acting isolate when applied at 10 super(7) conidia/ml was P. fumosoroseus ARSEF #2658 with an LC sub(50) of 1.8d, which was significantly higher than other isolates except B. bassiana. The LC sub(50) could not be calculated for M. anisopliae because percent mortality did not increase with time. Based on LC sub(50), LT sub(50), and percent mortality comparisons, P. fumosoroseus ARSEF #2658 was the most virulent fungal isolate followed by B. bassiana ARSEF #2860. The potential of these isolates as mycoinsecticides for the control of pear psylla nymphs in orchards is discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Puterka, G J AU - Humber, R A AU - Poprawski, T J AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Dr., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 514 EP - 520 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - fungi KW - Psyllidae KW - pathogenicity KW - Homoptera KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - D 04710:Control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16896340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+fungal+pathogens+%28imperfect+fungi%3A+Hyphomycetes%29+to+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29&rft.au=Puterka%2C+G+J%3BHumber%2C+R+A%3BPoprawski%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Puterka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungi; biological control; pathogenicity; Psyllidae; Homoptera; Cacopsylla pyricola ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutralization of antimicrobial chemicals by recovery media AN - 16895982; 3588896 AB - The ability to neutralize a variety of antimicrobial agents by commercially prepared Dey and Engley (D/E) Neutralizing broth and the solid medium with a 2% agar was tested against the broth and the agar formulations of Letheen (LT) and Standard Methods (SM) medium. Paper disc assay of aqueous solutions of 1:50 phenol, 1:750 benzalkonium chloride (Zephiran registered ), 1:100 alkalinized glutaraldehyde (Cidex registered , 1:128 phenol (Mikro-Bac registered ), 1:128 quaternary ammonium compound (Mikro-Quat registered ) and tinctures of 1:1000 mercuric chloride (Merthiolate registered ) and 1:50 iodine did not inhibit Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 growth on D/E agar. Except for 1:100 phenol and 1:128 Mikro-Bac on LT, all agents inhibited organism growth on LT and SM agar. In the presence of all test agents all test organisms grew in D/E broth. Except for 1:100 phenol and 1:128 Mikro-Bac in LT broth, all agents inhibited growth of test organisms in LT and SM broth. The recovery of viable organisms unable to grow in LT broth in the presence of test agents was better with D/E Agar than with LT and SM Agar. Both formulations of D/E medium show promise for studying and evaluating known and unknown compounds, mixtures and formulations of antimicrobial chemicals. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Dey, B P AU - Engley, FB Jr AD - USDA, FSIS, S & T, Building 322, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 51 EP - 58 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - media(culture) KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - neutralization KW - antimicrobial agents KW - evaluation KW - A 01069:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16895982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Neutralization+of+antimicrobial+chemicals+by+recovery+media&rft.au=Dey%2C+B+P%3BEngley%2C+FB+Jr&rft.aulast=Dey&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antimicrobial agents; neutralization; evaluation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of agar gel immunodiffusion serology using caprine and ovine lentiviral antigens for detection of antibody to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus AN - 16895504; 3583044 AB - The sensitivity of the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for the detection of antibody to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was investigated with CAEV or ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) as the source of antigen. A total of 218 goat serum specimens were tested for anti-CAEV antibody by AGID and immunoprecipitation of [ super(35)S]methionine-labeled CAEV. In comparison with that of immunoprecipitation, the sensitivity of the CAEV AGID test was 0.91, and that of the OPPV AGID test was 0.56. The AGID test with either antigen was 100% specific. The lower sensitivity of the OPPV AGID test in detecting caprine antibody to CAEV indicates that OPPV antigen is of limited value for use in CAEV diagnosis and control programs. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Knowles, DP Jr AU - Evermann, J F AU - Shropshire, C AU - VanderSchalie, J AU - Bradway, D AU - Gezon, H M AU - Cheevers, W P AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Vet. Microbiol. and Pathol., Coll. Vet. Med., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-7030, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 243 EP - 245 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus KW - goats KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - antibodies KW - agar KW - gels KW - detection KW - immunodiffusion KW - antigens KW - V 22099:Immune response & immune mechanisms KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16895504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+agar+gel+immunodiffusion+serology+using+caprine+and+ovine+lentiviral+antigens+for+detection+of+antibody+to+caprine+arthritis-encephalitis+virus&rft.au=Knowles%2C+DP+Jr%3BEvermann%2C+J+F%3BShropshire%2C+C%3BVanderSchalie%2C+J%3BBradway%2C+D%3BGezon%2C+H+M%3BCheevers%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=DP&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antigens; agar; gels; immunodiffusion; antibodies; detection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decontamination of poultry skin by sonication AN - 16894992; 3802442 AB - Enteropathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Campylobacter are the cause of foodborne illness in man. These microorganisms have long been associated with poultry and poultry products. One of the top priorities of regulatory agencies, the poultry industry, and consumers is to reduce the incidence and/or level of enteropathogens on processed poultry. Present production practices do not result in Salmonella and Campylobacter-free birds. Lillard (1989a) showed that bacteria are firmly attached to poultry skin when they first arrive at the processing plant. The final step in processing broilers is the immersion chill tank, where fully processed birds are chilled to the requisite temperature. The chill tank was shown to be the point in the processing plant most conducive to cross-contamination with salmonellae (Lillard, 1990). This article will discuss the potential use of ultrasonics to reduce bacteria on poultry carcasses. JF - Food Technology AU - Lillard, H S AD - Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 72 EP - 79 VL - 48 IS - 12 SN - 0015-6639, 0015-6639 KW - sonication KW - poultry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - food contamination KW - decontamination KW - Campylobacter KW - Salmonella KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16894992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Technology&rft.atitle=Decontamination+of+poultry+skin+by+sonication&rft.au=Lillard%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Lillard&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Technology&rft.issn=00156639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Campylobacter; decontamination; food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stronger seafood safety rules proposed AN - 16894985; 3588007 AB - A recently announced plan for a nationally mandated seafood safety system is designed to enhance consumer confidence in the safety of seafood products as well as strengthen standards. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is making changes in the way seafood--fish, shellfish, and mollusks--is handled and inspected through-out production and marketing system. While the new food safety initiative is aimed primarily at seafood processors, the proposed rules apply to almost every sector of the industry, including packers, wholesalers, and importers. Fishermen or aquaculturalists would be affected by the requirements placed on the first-line processors to have knowledge about the product's origin. For retailers, the FDA has developed a "Model Food Code" for states to incorporate in their legislation on methods for maintaining seafood safety in restaurants and stores. JF - Agricultural Outlook AU - Harvey, D AD - Econ. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SN - 0099-1066, 0099-1066 KW - fishery industry KW - human food KW - inspection KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - seafood KW - quality control KW - public health KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16894985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.atitle=Stronger+seafood+safety+rules+proposed&rft.au=Harvey%2C+D&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.issn=00991066&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seafood; fishery industry; quality control; human food; inspection; public health; USA; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chitosan on cucumber plants: Suppression of Pythium aphanidermatum and induction of defense reactions AN - 16894465; 3592147 AB - Biological activity of chitosan on Pythium rot of cucumber was investigated. Growing cucumber plants in the presence of chitosan (100 or 400 mu g/ml) controlled root rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and triggered several host defense responses, including the induction of structural barriers in root tissues and the stimulation of antifungal hydrolases (chitinase, chitosanase, and beta -1,3-glucanase) in both the roots and leaves. Whereas chitosan did not cause any apparent phytotoxicity to cucumber plants, it adversely affected the growth of P. aphanidermatum. A close examination of hyphal cells revealed that chitosan caused wall loosening, vacuolation, and, in some cases, protoplasm disintegration. This may, in part, explain the limited ability of the pathogen to colonize root tissues in the presence of chitosan. Ultrastructural study of root tissue from chitosan-treated plants showed that fungal cells were mainly restricted to root surfaces. The interplay of the antifungal and eliciting properties of chitosan makes chitosan a potential antifungal agent for the control of root rot of cucumber caused by P. aphanidermatum. JF - Phytopathology AU - El Ghaouth, A AU - Arul, J AU - Grenier, J AU - Benhamou, N AU - Asselin, A AU - Belanger, R AD - USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 313 EP - 320 VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - chitosan KW - defense reactions KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - suppression KW - Cucumis sativus KW - induction KW - infection KW - Pythium aphanidermatum KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16894465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chitosan+on+cucumber+plants%3A+Suppression+of+Pythium+aphanidermatum+and+induction+of+defense+reactions&rft.au=El+Ghaouth%2C+A%3BArul%2C+J%3BGrenier%2C+J%3BBenhamou%2C+N%3BAsselin%2C+A%3BBelanger%2C+R&rft.aulast=El+Ghaouth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pythium aphanidermatum; Cucumis sativus; infection; suppression; induction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recognition of B and T cell epitopes by cattle immunized with a synthetic peptide containing the major immunogenic site of VP1 FMDV 01 Campos AN - 16894022; 3589767 AB - The precise location of B and T cell epitopes have been established in a peptide containing the major immunogenic site (residues 135-160) of FMDV strain 01 Campos (01C) VP1. The peptide (p135-160), administered free or conjugated to bovine serum albumin, induced complete protection in guinea pigs and a strong neutralizing antibody (NAb) response in cattle. Using a set of partially overlapping peptides it was shown that although several B cell epitopes were distributed along the p135-160, the residues responsible for the induction of NAb were restricted to the amino acids 135-144. In addition, bovines immunized with the p135-160 showed a strong proliferative response to this peptide but a very poor response against purified virus. Two T-epitopes were located in the 135-160 sequence: one on the region 135-144 and the other in the region 150-160. The immunodominance of these two T cell epitopes was confirmed in cattle immunized with inactivated virus vaccines. JF - Virology AU - Zamorano, P AU - Wigdorovitz, A AU - Chaher, M T AU - Fernandez, F M AU - Carrillo, C AU - Marcovecchio, F E AU - Sadir, A M AU - Borca, M V AD - PIADC, USDA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 383 EP - 387 VL - 201 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - cattle KW - guinea-pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - antigenic determinants KW - lymphocytes T KW - antibodies KW - immunity KW - lymphocytes B KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - V 22092:Viral antigenic properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16894022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Recognition+of+B+and+T+cell+epitopes+by+cattle+immunized+with+a+synthetic+peptide+containing+the+major+immunogenic+site+of+VP1+FMDV+01+Campos&rft.au=Zamorano%2C+P%3BWigdorovitz%2C+A%3BChaher%2C+M+T%3BFernandez%2C+F+M%3BCarrillo%2C+C%3BMarcovecchio%2C+F+E%3BSadir%2C+A+M%3BBorca%2C+M+V&rft.aulast=Zamorano&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antigenic determinants; lymphocytes T; antibodies; immunity; lymphocytes B; foot-and-mouth disease virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the impact of triploid grass carp on sago pondweed in the Byrnes Canal: Implications for biological control in northern California irrigation systems AN - 16893423; 3588716 AB - This paper describes a program which simulates growth of the aquatic plant, Potamogeton pectinatus L. (sago pondweed), and plant consumption by the herbivorous fish, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val (triploid grass carp), under environmental conditions characteristic of a northern California irrigation system. In the program, plant growth is driven by temperature and light intensity, and grass carp feeding and growth by water temperature. The program uses data on these variables collected from the Byrnes Canal using data loggers which recorded temperature and light at 0.5-h intervals on 115 days during the summer of 1989. Less extensive data sets from two other canals were used to construct realistic simulation scenarios for canals with warmer or cooler water temperatures. The program provided reasonable predictions of plant growth, plant consumption by the fish, and fish growth. Simulations showed that using triploid grass carp in northern California irrigation systems that typically have cool water temperatures (12 to 24 degree C) would require more fish (50 or 250 kg vegetated ha super(-1) depending on the management objectives) than previous simulations for lakes in the U.S. would suggest. Evaluation of two management strategies indicated that stocking grass carp at 50 kg vegetated ha super(-1) in the first year, and retrieving and releasing them in subsequent years would be economically competitive with current management practices. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Spencer, D F AD - USDA-ARS Aquat. Weed Lab, UC Davis - Bot. Dep., Davis, CA 95616-8537, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 187 EP - 204 VL - 72 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ctenopharyngodon idella KW - Potamogeton pectinatus KW - biological control KW - models KW - fish KW - irrigation water KW - model studies KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - canals KW - weed control KW - aquatic plants KW - irrigation systems KW - USA, California KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04710:Control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16893423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+impact+of+triploid+grass+carp+on+sago+pondweed+in+the+Byrnes+Canal%3A+Implications+for+biological+control+in+northern+California+irrigation+systems&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ctenopharyngodon idella; Potamogeton pectinatus; aquatic plants; irrigation systems; canals; fish; weed control; irrigation water; model studies; USA, California; biological control; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the abundance of subterranean propagules of submersed aquatic plants AN - 16892892; 3588732 AB - Data on sample means (x super(-)) and variances (s super(2)) of propagule abundance for five types of aquatic plants growing in a variety of habitats were collected. The data set consisted of 379 values for x super(-) and s super(2), based on 4942 individual sample units (sediment samples), drawn from the literature or from data collected as part of this study. Regression analysis relating log s super(2) to log x super(-) yielded an equation which was solved for the number of sample units (n) required to achieve a given degree of precision. For precise estimates (standard error (SE) = 20% of x super(-)), values of n between twenty-seven and 234 are required when propagule density is low (<200 m super(-2)), whereas eight to twenty-six sample units are required when propagule density is high (200-1000 m super(-2)). For larger SE (i.e. 30% of x super(-)), n decreased by about 50%. Sampler area (20 to 1600 cm super(2)) did not affect estimates of n. Time required to collect and process sediment cores (collected with either a 5, 10, or 15 cm corer) was approximately 7, 10, or 13 min, respectively. Combining this information with the required number of samples is useful in planning studies designed to measure changes in the abundance of underground propagules of submersed aquatic plants. JF - Freshwater biology. Oxford AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AU - Whitehand, L C AD - USDA-ARS Aquat. Weed Control Res. Lab., Sect. Plant Biol., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 191 EP - 200 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - measuring techniques KW - aquatic plants KW - abundance KW - propagules KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04300:Aquatic ecosystems - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16892892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+biology.+Oxford&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+abundance+of+subterranean+propagules+of+submersed+aquatic+plants&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G%3BWhitehand%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+biology.+Oxford&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic plants; propagules; abundance; measuring techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor and outdoor foraging locations of Pharaoh ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and control strategies using bait stations AN - 16891915; 3588430 AB - While Pharaoh ants, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), are generally considered indoor pests, we observed these ants foraging at 51.7% of outdoor monitoring sites located on exterior wall surfaces of apartment buildings in contrast to 11.6% of indoor sites. The number of ants per infested monitoring site did not vary significantly with counts averaging from 46 to 118. Commercial bait stations containing a delayed action toxicant placed solely on the exterior walls of buildings, or outdoors, provided a 94% reduction in Pharaoh ant numbers within 1 week in contrast to a 9% reduction in untreated buildings. This was similar to the reductions from buildings treated with bait stations placed both indoors and outdoors. While a total of 3 ants were found indoors in treated apartments, indoor counts from untreated buildings also were low. Initial outdoor ant counts were 2 to 20 times higher than indoor counts, and the significant population reductions were attributed to a reduction in counts from outdoor sites. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Oi, D H AU - Vail, K M AU - Williams, D F AU - Bieman, D N AD - USDA-ARS MAVERL, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 91 VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, Florida KW - foraging behavior KW - Formicidae KW - Monomorium pharaonis KW - chemical control KW - Hymenoptera KW - urban environments KW - baiting KW - monitoring KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16891915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Indoor+and+outdoor+foraging+locations+of+Pharaoh+ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+and+control+strategies+using+bait+stations&rft.au=Oi%2C+D+H%3BVail%2C+K+M%3BWilliams%2C+D+F%3BBieman%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Oi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monomorium pharaonis; Hymenoptera; Formicidae; USA, Florida; urban environments; monitoring; chemical control; baiting; foraging behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of carbofuran and other carbamates using cholinesterase inhibition with N-methylindoxyl acetate as substrate AN - 16890659; 3804517 AB - A screening test was developed to detect trace amounts of carbamate insecticide residues in water and in aqueous extracts of meat. This test considers multiple insecticides with the common ability to inhibit cholinesterase. Assay solutions containing inhibitory insecticides remain colorless upon addition of substrate, while negatives and negative controls exhibit both fluorescence and a yellow color, followed by the formation of a blue precipitate that can serve as a permanent marker for assays judged negative. Phospholipids such as lecithin interfere with the test and must be removed before assay. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Argauer, R J AU - Brown, R T AD - Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1920 EP - 1924 VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - insecticide residues KW - carbofuran KW - carbamates KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - food contamination KW - water sampling KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16890659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Detection+of+carbofuran+and+other+carbamates+using+cholinesterase+inhibition+with+N-methylindoxyl+acetate+as+substrate&rft.au=Argauer%2C+R+J%3BBrown%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Argauer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water sampling; food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induced isoflavonoids in diverse populations of Astragalus cicer AN - 16890409; 3796706 AB - Isoflavonoids were induced in mature leaves of the legume Astragalus cicer L. by spores of the fungus Bipolaris zeicola. The five major elicited compounds included two isoflavans (mucronulatol and astraciceran), two isoflavones (cajanin and acicerone), and a pterocarpan (maackiain). Only occasional traces of these compounds were detected in controls. Among 41 populations originating in Europe or Russia, mean total elicited isoflavonoid content differed 12-fold. Mucronulatol was the predominant compound elicited, comprising 20-70% of total isoflavonoids. Significant interpopulational differences existed for each isoflavonoid, but no geographic patterns of total or relative proportions of the five compounds were discernible. JF - Biochemical Systematics and Ecology AU - Martin, S S AU - Townsend, CE AU - Lenssen, A W AD - USDA-ARS, Nat. Resour. Res. Cent., Crops Res. Lab., 1701 Cent. Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 657 EP - 661 VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0305-1978, 0305-1978 KW - isoflavonoids KW - Bipolaris zeicola KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Astragalus cicer KW - leaves KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16890409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Induced+isoflavonoids+in+diverse+populations+of+Astragalus+cicer&rft.au=Martin%2C+S+S%3BTownsend%2C+CE%3BLenssen%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.issn=03051978&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Astragalus cicer; leaves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Steady-state infiltration as a function of measurement scale AN - 16888721; 3801390 AB - Steady-state infiltration rates were measured at three instrument scales within a 4.0 x 4.0-m field plot. The three scales were 4.0 x 4.0 m (scale S sub(L), n = 1), 1.0 x 1.0 m (scale S sub(L/4), n = 16), and 0.25 x 0.25 m (scale S sub(L/16), n = 256). After a 30-day ponding period under a constant hydraulic head, infiltration measurements were made at each measurement scale. Even though the entire area was sampled at each instrument scale, the average infiltration rate decreased with decreasing size of infiltrometer. The infiltration rate measurements were adjusted assuming an "apparent" stagnation zone of 4 cm along the boundaries of each infiltrometer. This adjustment produced average infiltration rates of 1.96 cm/h for each of the smaller measurement scales. This value was in excellent agreement with the final value measured at scale S sub(L) upon completion of the experiment (1.97 cm/h). However, the value for the "apparent" stagnation zone was found to be valid only in an average sense, because the correlation between the adjusted average value of the S sub(L/16) measurements and the adjusted value of the S sub(L/4) measurements was not significant. The 256 measurements at scale S sub(L/6) were neither normal nor lognormally (natural log (ln)) distributed, although the latter provided a somewhat better representation. Too few measurements were available to determine the probability distribution for scale S sub(L/4). The regularized semivariogram (range of 0.7 m) for scale S sub(L/16) was deconvoluted to provide estimates of the point semivariograms for both the actual and adjusted measurement scales, leading to spatial ranges of 0.21 and 0.30 m for actual and adjusted, respectively. With or without adjustment, dispersion variance analyses illustrated that the spatial structure estimate obtained from measurement scale S sub(L/16) was inconsistent with that obtained from measurement scale S sub(L/4). Thus, we conclude that the infiltrometer instrument fundamentally alters the infiltration process in such a way that measurements are only meaningful in a relative sense. JF - Soil Science AU - Shouse, P J AU - Ellsworth, T R AU - Jobes, JA AD - USDA/ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92501, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 129 EP - 136 VL - 157 IS - 3 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - measuring instruments KW - soil properties KW - hydraulic properties KW - flowmeters KW - infiltration rate KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16888721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Steady-state+infiltration+as+a+function+of+measurement+scale&rft.au=Shouse%2C+P+J%3BEllsworth%2C+T+R%3BJobes%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Shouse&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration rate; measuring instruments; soil water; hydraulic properties; soil properties; flowmeters ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using monthly precipitation data to estimate the R-factor in the revised USLE AN - 16888376; 3590006 AB - The methods used to calculate both the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) erosivity factor (R) and the 10 year frequency storm erosion index value (EI sub(10)) are presented. As the calculation methods require long-term rainfall intensity data, and such data are not available for all application sites, an approach used to estimate the R-factor is described. Examples illustrating applications of the estimation technique in Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world are summarized. The method, which establishes correlations between measured R-values and more readily available precipitation data, is used to develop relations for estimating R-values in the USA. Correlations based on average monthly precipitation data and the R-factor values for 155 US stations were initially used to develop estimation relations. The 155 stations were segregated based on the annual distribution of monthly precipitation and the correlations improved. Exclusion of 23 stations with both 'winter-type' precipitation distributions and modified Fournier index values greater than 100 mm improved the relations for the remaining 132 stations (r super(2) = 0.81). An estimation relation for the EI sub(10) is also presented. The R-factor and EI sub(10) estimation relations should facilitate the use of RUSLE for locations with only monthly precipitation data. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Renard, K G AU - Freimund, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Res. Cent., 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719-1596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 287 EP - 306 VL - 157 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USLE KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - rainfall intensity KW - erosion KW - precipitation KW - data collections KW - soil erosion KW - land use KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16888376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Using+monthly+precipitation+data+to+estimate+the+R-factor+in+the+revised+USLE&rft.au=Renard%2C+K+G%3BFreimund%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Renard&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - precipitation; data collections; soil erosion; rainfall intensity; erosion; land use; model studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of neem seed extract upon the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and its nuclear polyhedrosis virus AN - 16887823; 3585566 AB - Neem seed extract inhibited growth and development of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae. Untreated control larvae increased their weight by ) 40-fold by day 14, whereas insects treated with 0.10% neem and 1.00% neem weighed ) 30% and ) 4%, respectively, of the average weight of the untreated larvae. By day 14, 99% of the controls were in the fifth stage and 1% were prepupae. After treatment with 0.10% neem almost one-third of those larvae were still in the fourth stage, whereas larvae treated with 1.00% neem were still in the second and third stages. Neem extracts had little, if any, effect upon viral activity, as measured by LC sub(50)s. The addition of neem extract to the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus, however, resulted in faster virus-caused mortality. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AU - Robertson, J L AU - Webb, R E AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., BARC-W, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 356 EP - 360 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - neem KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - plant extracts KW - Lymantriidae KW - Azadirachta indica KW - toxicity KW - seeds KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+neem+seed+extract+upon+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+and+its+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M%3BRobertson%2C+J+L%3BWebb%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant extracts; toxicity; seeds; Lymantriidae; Azadirachta indica; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology of Pterolonche inspersa (Lep.: Pterolonchidae), a biological control agent for Centaurea diffusa and C. maculosa in the United States AN - 16887808; 3803785 AB - The moth, Pterolonche inspersa (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Pterolonchidae), is widely distributed in southern Europe, north Africa, Turkey and the former Soviet Union. It occurs in both thick and scattered stands of knapweeds in disturbed sites, usually on sandy and/or stony soil. Larvae bore in the roots of diffuse and spotted knapweeds (Centaurea diffusa De Lamarck and C. maculosa De Lamarck). There is one generation per year in northern Greece, and larvae feed in the roots for about 11 months during the growing season (August-September, to the following July-August). In the laboratory garden, emergence took place between the second half of July and the end of August, with peak emergence during mid August. In the field, adults were observed from early to late July. Female moths oviposited on rosettes during the first ten days of July and continued through the end of July. Eggs were laid singly or in groups of five or six, firmly attached to the leaves of the host plant. In the laboratory, females mated within 24 hours of emergence and the preoviposition period lasted 2.6 plus or minus 0.8 days. The oviposition period lasted 7.4 plus or minus 2.2 days and the average number of eggs per female was 142.2 plus or minus 59.2. The incubation period was 12 plus or minus 4.7 days; the pupal stage lasted 14.7 plus or minus 2.4 days; and females lived 15.8 plus or minus 2.4 days, while males lived 10.7 plus or minus 1.4 days. First instar larvae failed to survive on economically important Compositae in the genera Cynara L., Helianthus L., Zinnia L. and Calendula L. (Dunn et al., 1989). JF - Entomophaga AU - Campobasso, G AU - Sobhian, R AU - Knutson, L AU - Pastorino, A C AU - Dunn, PH AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA, ARS, Parc Sci. Agropolis II, 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 377 EP - 384 VL - 39 IS - 3-4 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Pterolonche inspersa KW - Pterolonchidae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Centaurea maculosa KW - biological control KW - life history KW - Centaurea diffusa KW - Lepidoptera KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Biology+of+Pterolonche+inspersa+%28Lep.%3A+Pterolonchidae%29%2C+a+biological+control+agent+for+Centaurea+diffusa+and+C.+maculosa+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Campobasso%2C+G%3BSobhian%2C+R%3BKnutson%2C+L%3BPastorino%2C+A+C%3BDunn%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Campobasso&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Centaurea diffusa; Centaurea maculosa; life history; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiological aspects of biosynthesis of lignin peroxidases by Phanerochaete chrysosporium AN - 16887757; 3582413 AB - Methods based on UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were used to study the physiological aspects of lignin-peroxidase biosynthesis by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Here we introduce the use of cytochrome aa sub(3) as an indicator of active fungal biomass and of its redox state to calculate the oxygen mass transport coefficient between the growth medium and the fungal cell interior. When lignin peroxidase biosynthesis was enhanced by the addition of Tween 80 or Tween 20 to the growth medium, a higher proportion of reduced cytochrome aa sub(3) and a higher oxygen diffusion barrier were observed compared with control cultures. In cultures supplemented with Tween 80 or Tween 20, a higher oxygen mass transport coefficient between the growth medium and the interior of the fungal cell was also found. The beginning of the lignin peroxidase activity in these cultures was found to coincide with a temporary cessation in the dry biomass increase and a reduction in the relative active-biomass concentration. During the lignin peroxidase activity, a decrease in the intracellular pH and an increase in the growth medium pH were determined in cultures supplemented with Tween 80. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lestan, D AU - Lestan, M AU - Perdih, A AD - Inst. Microb. Biochem. Technol., USDA Forest Ser., Forest Product Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398 Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 606 EP - 612 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - lignin peroxidase KW - cytochrome aa3 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - physiology KW - oxygen exchange KW - enzymatic activity KW - biosynthesis KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Physiological+aspects+of+biosynthesis+of+lignin+peroxidases+by+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium&rft.au=Lestan%2C+D%3BLestan%2C+M%3BPerdih%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lestan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=606&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; biosynthesis; physiology; oxygen exchange; enzymatic activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring channel and gully cross-sections with an airborne laser altimeter AN - 16886318; 3589852 AB - A laser altimeter, making 4000 measurements per second, was used to measure channel and gully morphology. The laser measurements provide quick, accurate and readily obtained data on the cross-section and morphology of channels and gullies in relation to the adjacent landscape. Although ground based techniques can be used to make these measurements, using a laser altimeter mounted in an aircraft allows data to be collected faster, with greater density and detail, and in areas with limited access for ground surveys. The laser altimeter data are valuable for measuring channel and gully cross-sections and roughness in relation to the surrounding landscape, for assessing soil loss from gullies and channels, and for providing input to the understanding of gully and channel dynamics in the landscape. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Grissinger, E H AU - Murphey, J B AU - Garbrecht, J D AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 237 EP - 243 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - channel morphology KW - environmental engineering KW - fluvial morphology KW - gullies KW - laser altimetry KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - channels KW - mapping KW - Freshwater KW - geography KW - aircraft KW - data collections KW - geomorphology KW - lasers KW - soil erosion KW - remote sensing KW - Q2 09263:Topography and morphology KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16886318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Measuring+channel+and+gully+cross-sections+with+an+airborne+laser+altimeter&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+J+C%3BGrissinger%2C+E+H%3BMurphey%2C+J+B%3BGarbrecht%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fluvial morphology; geography; aircraft; data collections; channels; mapping; lasers; geomorphology; soil erosion; remote sensing; channel morphology; gullies; environmental engineering; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competition between Anisopteromalus calandrae and Choestospila elegans (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at different parasitoid densities on immature maize weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in corn AN - 16886184; 3585524 AB - Immature maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, in corn were exposed to Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) alone, Choetospila elegans Westwood alone, or a combination of both species. Anisopteromalus calandrae was much more efficient at parasitizing immature maize weevils in corn than was C. elegans. The combination of A. calandrae plus C. elegans had similar effects as A. calandrae alone on total maize weevil mortality for equal numbers of parasitoids. Under interspecific competition, the emergence of C. elegans progeny and their sex ratio (percentage female) were significantly reduced in the presence of A. calandrae, but A. calandrae was not affected substantially by C. elegans. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Wen, B AU - Smith, L AU - Brower, J H AD - Stored-Prod. Insects Res. and Dev. Lab., USDA-ARS, 3401 Edwin Street, Savannah, GA 31405, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 367 EP - 373 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Choetospila elegans KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Coleoptera KW - Anisopteromalus calandrae KW - parasitoids KW - Sitophilus zeamais KW - interspecific relationships KW - Zea mays KW - Curculionidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - competition KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16886184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Competition+between+Anisopteromalus+calandrae+and+Choestospila+elegans+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%29+at+different+parasitoid+densities+on+immature+maize+weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+corn&rft.au=Wen%2C+B%3BSmith%2C+L%3BBrower%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Wen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Anisopteromalus calandrae; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; Curculionidae; Coleoptera; Sitophilus zeamais; competition; interspecific relationships; parasitoids; population density ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of age at first mating on the reproductive potential of the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16886004; 3585526 AB - The effect of age at first mating on the reproductive potential of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was studied in the laboratory. The age of females at first mating affected the number of eggs laid, percentage of eggs hatching, number of viable larvae, and longevity. Extending female virginity to an advanced age increased longevity. The age of males at first mating had relatively little influence on the reproductive potential of females. However, the age of the male and female at first mating interacted to affect the reproductive potential of respective pairs. The number of spermatophores harbored by females affected percent daily and total eggs hatching, number of eggs laid, and the number of viable larvae produced. The number of spermatophores harbored by females had no effect on moth longevity. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Rogers, CE AU - Marti, OG Jr AD - Insect Biol. and Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 322 EP - 325 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - mating behavior KW - Lepidoptera KW - age KW - Noctuidae KW - breeding success KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16886004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+age+at+first+mating+on+the+reproductive+potential+of+the+fall+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Rogers%2C+CE%3BMarti%2C+OG+Jr&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera frugiperda; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; age; mating behavior; breeding success ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Lutz, Sitka, and white spruce to attack by Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and blue stain fungi AN - 16885242; 3585633 AB - Mechanical wounding and wounding plus inoculation with a blue-stain fungus, Leptographium abietinum (Peck), associated with the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), caused an induced reaction zone or lesion around the wound sites in Lutz spruce, Picea lutzii Little, Sitka spruce, P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., and white spruce, P. glauca (Moench) Voss, in south-central Alaska. The effects of tree species on lesion length were nonsignificant; however, the effects of wounding versus wounding plus blue-stain inoculate were highly significant. Lesion length was significantly longer in high-flow Lutz spruce compared with low-flow trees that were wounded. There was a significant change in monoterpene composition in the induced reaction zones of wounded phloem compared with unwounded phloem. The total percentage of potential toxic monoterpenes such as limonene, myrcene, 3-carene, and beta phellandrene increased in all three host species. Egg gallery length and the area of phloem consumed by larvae outside of lesions was significantly less for trees with wounds caused by fungal inoculation compared with mechanical wounds only. Trees with fungal inoculations appeared to deter larval feeding. Hydroxystilbenes were not found in the three species of spruce; however, differences were found in the chemical content of the reaction and the nonreaction zones. Two unknown chemicals present in nonreaction zones were not found in the induced reaction zone. One chemical appears to be a dimer with a carbohydrate moeity. A low molecular weight chemical found in the induced reaction zone could not be identified by mass spectroscopy. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Werner, R A AU - Illman, B L AD - Inst. North. For., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Forest Serv., USDA, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5500, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 472 EP - 478 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Leptographium abietinum KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - host plants KW - Dendroctonus rufipennis KW - Picea KW - pest attack KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16885242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Response+of+Lutz%2C+Sitka%2C+and+white+spruce+to+attack+by+Dendroctonus+rufipennis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+and+blue+stain+fungi&rft.au=Werner%2C+R+A%3BIllman%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Werner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea; Dendroctonus rufipennis; Scolytidae; Coleoptera; pest attack; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of reclamation success on Idaho's phosphate mines AN - 16884924; 3585715 AB - To evaluate reclamation success on the Wooley Valley phosphate mine in southeastern Idaho, we compared vegetation structure and soil physical, chemical, and elemental properties of several different reclamation treatments with those of a nearby reference area (a native Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Festuca idahoensis association) after 14 years. Vegetation data had been collected four years after reclamation, and we were able to compare differences in biomass and species composition between dates on the reclaimed area. Four years after reclamation there were no differences in total biomass between topsoil or spoil or between seed only, seed + mulch, or control treatments on the different soil types. Most treatments were dominated by seeded perennial grasses. Fourteen years after reclamation there were no differences in biomass or cover between spoil and topsoil plots, but on spoil plots the seeded and mulched treatment had higher total biomass and vegetation cover than on control or seed-only treatments. The seeded perennial legume Medicago sativa was codominant with the seeded forage grasses on all of the treatments. High initial fertilization rates probably facilitated the early establishment and dominance of the forage grasses; once nutrient levels, especially nitrogen, began to decline, the legume increased in abundance. Similarity between the reclaimed area and the reference or native area was low. Reclaimed treatments had higher biomass but lower species richness. The topsoil and spoil plots had similar soil texture, bulk density, pH, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, and phosphorus. Differences in organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon:nitrogen ratios, and available moisture were related more to treatments than to soil type. High biomass and, thus, litter input on the seed + mulch treatment on spoil plots resulted in both higher OC and TN than any on other soil/treatment combination. The reclaimed area had lower OC, TN, and available moisture than did the reference area on all but seed + mulch spoil plots. Bulk density was higher on reclaimed plots. The long-term differences observed between the reclaimed and reference areas parallel those obtained for other western reclamation sites. Although successional trajectories depend on the attribute measured, similarity to native reference areas depends on the initial reclamation methods. We discuss reclamation methods that would increase the structural and functional similarity of reclaimed and reference areas on the Wooley Valley phosphate mine. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Chambers, J C AU - Brown, R W AU - Williams, B D AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermt. Res. Stn., 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4 EP - 16 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - mines KW - USA, Idaho KW - vegetation patterns KW - soil properties KW - land reclamation KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+reclamation+success+on+Idaho%27s+phosphate+mines&rft.au=Chambers%2C+J+C%3BBrown%2C+R+W%3BWilliams%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Idaho; land reclamation; vegetation patterns; soil properties; mines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting spatial distributions of nitrate leaching in northeastern Colorado AN - 16884702; 3587705 AB - Identification of regional problem areas for NO sub(3)-N leached from agriculture is important to farmers, extension, and action agencies to develop efficient management control strategies. A Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) model/Geographic Information System (GIS) combination was tested for regional irrigated agriculture in eastern Colorado. Results indicated that the NLEAP NO sub(3)-N-leached (NL) index, an index of the amount of NO sub(3)-N leached below the rooting zone, was useful for describing the distribution of groundwater NO sub(3)-N concentrations across a 736 km super(2) (248 mi super(2)) area when used in combination with a GIS. Comparison of observed NO sub(3)-N distributions in the South Platte alluvial aquifer with simulated NL distributions gave regional Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.59 and showed that the model could simulate the major observed groundwater NO sub(3)-N patterns. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Wylie, B K AU - Shaffer, MJ AU - Brodahl, M K AU - Dubois, D AU - Wagner, D G AD - Great Plains Syst. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 288 EP - 293 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - NLEAP model KW - Geographic Information System KW - water pollution sources KW - agricultural chemicals KW - root zone KW - irrigation effects KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - groundwater contamination KW - spatial variations KW - agrochemicals KW - nonpoint pollution KW - pollution monitoring KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - geographic information systems KW - nitrates KW - USA, Colorado KW - groundwater pollution KW - leaching KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Predicting+spatial+distributions+of+nitrate+leaching+in+northeastern+Colorado&rft.au=Wylie%2C+B+K%3BShaffer%2C+MJ%3BBrodahl%2C+M+K%3BDubois%2C+D%3BWagner%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Wylie&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water pollution sources; agricultural chemicals; groundwater pollution; nitrates; leaching; root zone; irrigation effects; nonpoint pollution sources; geographic information systems; USA, Colorado; agrochemicals; nonpoint pollution; pollution monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A microsatellite linkage map of the porcine genome AN - 16884656; 3583790 AB - We report the most extensive genetic linkage map for a livestock species produced to date. We have linked 376 microsatellite (MS) loci with seven restriction fragment length polymorphic loci in a backcross reference population. The 383 markers were placed into 24 linkage groups which span 1997 cM. Seven additional MS did not fall into a linkage group. Linkage groups are assigned to 13 autosomes and the X chromosome (haploid n = 19). This map provides the basis for genetic analysis of quantitative inheritance of phenotypic and physiologic traits in swine. JF - Genetics AU - Rohrer, G A AU - Alexander, L J AU - Keele, J W AU - Smith, T P AU - Beattie, C W AD - USDA, ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Res. Cent. (MARC), Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 231 EP - 245 VL - 136 IS - 1 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - pigs KW - repeated sequence KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - linkage analysis KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - loci KW - microsatellites KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - G 07417:Domestic animals (pigs) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=A+microsatellite+linkage+map+of+the+porcine+genome&rft.au=Rohrer%2C+G+A%3BAlexander%2C+L+J%3BKeele%2C+J+W%3BSmith%2C+T+P%3BBeattie%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Rohrer&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - linkage analysis; restriction fragment length polymorphism; loci; microsatellites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new method for immunologically marking prey and its use in predation studies AN - 16882874; 3803751 AB - We introduce a new method for immunologically examining predator gut contents. It differs from previously described gut content analyses because it does not require the development of prey-specific antibody probes. Instead, insect prey were marked with a readily available antigen, rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG). We then assayed predators that had fed on IgG labeled prey with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using goat anti-rabbit IgG. Of the predator species that fed on the IgG labeled prey, 98.8% of those with chewing mouthparts scored positive for IgG 1 h after feeding. Our prey-labeling ELISA was less efficient for detecting IgG prey remains in predators with piercing/sucking mouthparts. Only 29.5% of these individuals scored positive for rabbit IgG in their guts 1 h after feeding. An additional study was conducted to measure the retention time of IgG-labeled prey in the guts of two species of predators with chewing mouthparts. Results from this experiment showed that the retention time varied depending on the predator and prey species examined. Results from these studies indicate that this marking technique could have widespread use for analyzing the gut contents of predators with chewing mouthparts, but it has limited application for those predators with piercing/sucking mouthparts. JF - Entomophaga AU - Hagler, J R AU - Durand, C M AD - USDA-ARS, West. Cotton Res. Lab., 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 257 EP - 265 VL - 39 IS - 3-4 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - marking and tracking techniques KW - predation KW - prey KW - Insecta KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16882874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=A+new+method+for+immunologically+marking+prey+and+its+use+in+predation+studies&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R%3BDurand%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; prey; predation; marking and tracking techniques ER - TY - CONF T1 - Agricultural waste management planning AN - 16881127; 3800619 AB - An agricultural waste management system (AWMS) is a planned system in which all necessary components are installed and managed to control and use by products of agricultural production in a manner that sustains or enhances the quality of air, water, soil, plant, and animal resources. In the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS), AWMSs are planned under the umbrella of a Resource Management System (RMS). A RMS is a unique combination of practices and management systems that, when applied, will protect the resource base and environment. It provides solutions to all identified resource problems and meets both the decision maker's and public's resource use, conservation, and maintenance objectives. Therefore, an AWMS is a subsystem of a RMS that deals with an agricultural waste problem. In solving an agricultural waste problem, an AWMS will interface or relate to other sub-systems in an RMS, such as a cropping system or a water management system. The major objective in planning an AWMS is to help the producer achieve wise use of natural resources. Because of the number of alternatives to be considered, the planning process is often complex; however, the AWMS selected should be as simple and easily managed as possible. The key to doing this is to involve the decision maker in the planning process. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Boyd, W H Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 VL - t KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - agricultural wastes KW - animal wastes KW - environmental protection KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16881127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Agricultural+waste+management+planning&rft.au=Boyd%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=t&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+2+sulement&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - You need to start with the soil: The Soil Conservation Service experience AN - 16879392; 3800626 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Shaw, R R Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 VL - t KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - nutrients KW - resources management KW - soil conservation KW - ecosystems KW - environmental protection KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16879392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=You+need+to+start+with+the+soil%3A+The+Soil+Conservation+Service+experience&rft.au=Shaw%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=t&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+2+sulement&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field study of plant survival as affected by amendments to bentonite spoil AN - 16878927; 3584165 AB - Efforts to reclaim amended and raw bentonite spoils with six plant species (two forbs, three shrubs, and one tree) were evaluated over a 4-year period. Plant species included fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens [Pursh] Nutt.), big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata tridentata Nutt.), Rocky Mountain jumiper (Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.), Russian [Pursh] Rydb.). Spoil treatments included addition of gypsum, sawdust, perlite, straw, and vermiculite; the control treatment was unamended. Fourwing saltbush had 52% survival across all spoil treatments, with greatest survival occurring on perlite-treated spoil (80%), followed by gypsum (70%) and vermiculite amendments (70%). Survival of other plant species ranged from 0 to 3% averaged across all treatments after 4 years. No differences in plant survival occurred among amendments when all species were considered. JF - Great Basin Naturalist AU - Uresk, D W AU - Yamamoto, T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exp. Stn., Rapid City, SD 57701, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 156 EP - 161 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0017-3614, 0017-3614 KW - bentonite KW - soil amendment KW - cover KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - mining KW - USA, Wyoming KW - plants KW - land reclamation KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16878927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Field+study+of+plant+survival+as+affected+by+amendments+to+bentonite+spoil&rft.au=Uresk%2C+D+W%3BYamamoto%2C+T&rft.aulast=Uresk&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.issn=00173614&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Wyoming; land reclamation; mining; plants; soil amendment; cover ER - TY - CONF T1 - Understanding the nutrient cycling process AN - 16878736; 3800625 AB - Nutrient cycling involves the transformation and availability of nutrients from many sources. Good soil management consists of regulating nutrient cycling in such a manner that nutrient requirements of the growing crop are met but not greatly exceeded at each stage of crop growth. This is accomplished by creating a soil microenvironment (air, water, temperature, and substrate availability within soil pores) through proper choice of management practices that controls the rate of nutrient cycling and availability as dictated by crop needs. Nutrient transformations, especially N and to a lesser extent P, result from soil microbial activity within soil pores, and are therefore mediated by the microenvironment existing within these pores. Through choice of tillage and crop residue practices, cropping systems, fertilizer practices, and related decisions, the farmer exercises some degree of control over the soil microenvironment and thus affects the transformation, availability, and potential loss of nutrients from the soil. While we currently have knowledge of many of the processes involved and factors affecting these processes, integration of all factors into an efficient management system remains very difficult and empirical. Development of an artificial intelligence system will be required to best integrate these myriad factors for all situations. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Power, J F Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 VL - t KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - cycling nutrients KW - soil chemistry KW - agricultural practices KW - land management KW - crops KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16878736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+nutrient+cycling+process&rft.au=Power%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=t&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+2+sulement&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of rhizosphere competent and incompetent Fusarium species from corn on carbon substrates AN - 16878581; 3583160 AB - The ability of Fusarium isolates that are rhizosphere incompetent or competent on corn to grow on types of carbon common in the rhizosphere was examined in culture. When growth of Fusarium species was evaluated on glucose, pectin, carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, xylans, or xylose, F. graminearum produced a significantly greater hyphal dry weight than did F. equiseti, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, or F. solani, whereas F. graminearum produced fewer conidia than did the other species. Intraspecific variation in growth occurred among isolates of F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, and F. proliferatum. When F. graminearum was paired with F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, or F. proliferatum, the numbers of macroconidia and colony-forming units of F. graminearum were lower than those obtained from cultures of F. graminearum grown alone. F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, and F. proliferatum generally yielded no difference in conidial or colony-forming unit production when in dual culture with F. graminearum as when cultured singly. These data suggest that F. graminearum is less competitive than or is suppressed by F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, and F. proliferatum and, therefore, could not be rhizosphere competent. JF - Phytopathology AU - Ocamb, C M AU - Kommedahl, T AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Cent. For. Exp. Stn., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 508 EP - 514 VL - 84 IS - 5 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium KW - carbon sources KW - rhizosphere KW - soil microorganisms KW - Zea mays KW - competence KW - growth KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16878581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Growth+of+rhizosphere+competent+and+incompetent+Fusarium+species+from+corn+on+carbon+substrates&rft.au=Ocamb%2C+C+M%3BKommedahl%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ocamb&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; Zea mays; rhizosphere; carbon sources; soil microorganisms; growth; competence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of atrazine on soil clay components AN - 16876576; 3581072 AB - Distribution coefficients for sorption and desorption of atrazine were determined for all combinations of three chemical treatments and four particle size fractions prepared from a typical soil clay. Organic and inorganic components well 11 and 89% of the mass and contributed 68 and 32% of the affinity of the soil clay for atrazine, respectively. Organic matter associated with the coarse clay had substantially greater affinity for atrazine and exhibited greater sorption-desorption hysteresis than organic matter associated with the fine clay. Silicate minerals had a moderate affinity for atrazine and exhibited little sorption-desorption hysteresis. Free Fe compounds interacted with silicate minerals in the coarse and medium clay to reduce affinity of the silicate minerals for atrazine. The results suggest that atrazine is primarily retained on silicate clays by physical sorption but that both physical sorption and chemisorption contribute to retention of atrazine by soil organic matter. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Laird, DA AU - Yen, P Y AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Steinheimer, T R AU - Dowdy, R H AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1054 EP - 1061 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - clay KW - particle size KW - sorption KW - organic matter KW - atrazine KW - pesticides KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16876576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+atrazine+on+soil+clay+components&rft.au=Laird%2C+DA%3BYen%2C+P+Y%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BSteinheimer%2C+T+R%3BDowdy%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1054&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clay; sorption; atrazine; pesticides; organic matter; particle size ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary silicon affects acid and alkaline phosphatase and super(45)calcium uptake in bone of rats AN - 16876348; 3793384 AB - Silicon (Si) apparently is involved in bone calcification; however, its exact role is unclear. Thus, the effect of Si on bone turnover and bone formation was investigated by utilizing a 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment. Both bone turnover and bone formation as indicated by acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were higher in femurs of Si-adequate than Si-deficient rats. Neither dietary Si nor source of bone for the MB or DB implants affected ectopic bone formation; however, an interaction between Si and implant bone source affected acid phosphatase in both MB and DB implants. Silicon did not affect super(45)Ca uptake by femur, but uptake by both MB and DB implants was increased by dietary Si supplementation. The bone implants significantly decreased calcium and increased copper concentrations in the tibia when the source of bone was animals fed Si-adequate diets. The decreased activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in femur bone, the decreased uptake of super(45)Ca in ectopic bone, and decreased copper concentration in tibia of Si-deprived rats is new evidence confirming that Si affects bone metabolism. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Seaborn, C D AU - Nielsen, F H AD - USDA/ARS/GFHNRC, P.O. Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 11 EP - 18 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - silicon KW - acid phosphatase KW - alkaline phosphatase KW - rats KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - dietary intake KW - bone KW - bone turnover KW - trace elements KW - T 20083:Trace elements KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16876348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dietary+silicon+affects+acid+and+alkaline+phosphatase+and+super%2845%29calcium+uptake+in+bone+of+rats&rft.au=Seaborn%2C+C+D%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Seaborn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bone; dietary intake; bone turnover; trace elements ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Darcy-Weisbach roughness coefficients for selected crops AN - 16875416; 3578165 AB - Total hydraulic resistance on an upland agricultural site may be influenced by several factors including standing vegetation. In this laboratory study, Darcy-Weisbach roughness coefficients were measured for corn, cotton, sorghum, soybeans, sunflower, and wheat vegetation. Experimental variables used in this investigation in addition to crop type included plant population, row spacing, row orientation, and flow rate. For some of the experimental tests, a single row of vegetation was oriented within a flume parallel to the principal flow direction. For the remainder of the tests, rows of vegetation were placed perpendicular to the flow using row spacings and plant populations recommended by crop management specialists. Measurements of discharge rate and flow velocity were used to calculate roughness coefficients for Reynolds number values ranging from approximately 550 to 22,000. Regression equations which relate roughness coefficients to plant population, row spacing, and Reynolds number were developed from the laboratory data. With the exception of wheat placed perpendicular to flow, roughness coefficients produced by standing vegetation were negligible. On upland agricultural areas, total hydraulic roughness will be influenced primarily by frictional drag over the soil surface, and residue and ground cover. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Gilley, JE AU - Kottwitz, E R AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 467 EP - 471 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Darcey-Weisbach equation KW - Reynold's number KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydraulics KW - flow velocity KW - numerical analysis KW - runoff KW - agriculture KW - crops KW - hydrologic models KW - vegetation KW - discharge measurement KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16875416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Darcy-Weisbach+roughness+coefficients+for+selected+crops&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BKottwitz%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; vegetation; flow velocity; discharge measurement; numerical analysis; runoff; hydraulics; hydrologic models; crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A functional approach to efficient nitrogen use in crop production AN - 16873607; 3579261 AB - Nitrogen fertilization is a critical component of most cropping systems. However, plant recovery of applied N is often only 50% or less. Low N-use efficiency is a contributor to groundwater contamination, eutrophication, acid rain, global warming, and farm insolvency. A method to improve N-use efficiency by plants is proposed where N availability from organic sources is compared with plant N uptake requirement over thermal time. From these relationships, N-use efficiency dynamics and plant N uptake from mineralized organic sources can be predicted. This will provide growers with information on the quantity and time to apply additional N for optimal yield and improved N-use efficiency. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Honeycutt, C W AU - Clapham, WM AU - Leach, S S AD - USDA-ARS, New England Plant, Soil and Water Lab., Univ. Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 51 EP - 61 VL - 73 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - efficiency KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - fertilizer applications KW - crop production KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16873607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=A+functional+approach+to+efficient+nitrogen+use+in+crop+production&rft.au=Honeycutt%2C+C+W%3BClapham%2C+WM%3BLeach%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Honeycutt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crop production; fertilizer applications; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects on honey bees of insecticides applied to snap beans in Wisconsin: Chemical and biotic factors AN - 16872984; 3579217 AB - Studies were conducted to determine the role of snap beans as a food resource for honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), bee mortality resulting from pesticides, and the long-term effects on bees of such insecticide exposure. Aerial application of microencapsulated methyl parathion induced elevated levels of bee mortality and reduced total pollen collection rates, whereas treatment with acephate did not. Honey bees did not forage snap beans for pollen or nectar under conditions of extreme resource dearth. Bee mortality following application of insecticides was caused by foraging either on blooming weeds in the field or among flowering plants within the spray-drift zone. Thus, such bee losses in snap beans could be avoided almost entirely through clean cultivation. High intercolony variability obscured possible differences in winter survival after exposure and in subsequent honey production. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Erickson, EH Jr AU - Erickson, B J AU - Wyman, JA AD - Honey Bee Res. Unit, Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 596 EP - 600 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - insecticides KW - Apis mellifera KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - nontarget organisms KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16872984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+on+honey+bees+of+insecticides+applied+to+snap+beans+in+Wisconsin%3A+Chemical+and+biotic+factors&rft.au=Erickson%2C+EH+Jr%3BErickson%2C+B+J%3BWyman%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=EH&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=596&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phaseolus vulgaris; Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; USA, Wisconsin; insecticides; nontarget organisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drainage load-flow relationships in arid irrigated areas AN - 16871695; 3578133 AB - The load-flow relationship of salt in drainage water was studied using drainage water flow and salinity data from an irrigation district on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley of California. Flow and salinity data were collected from the main district drain, individual drainage sumps, and two field sites. Linear regression was used to describe the salt load-flow relationship at each drainage site. The slope of the regression line for the salt flow in the main drain was different compared to the subsurface drainage sites because of the inclusion of surface runoff from irrigation in the main drain. The EC in the water from the subsurface drains was not correlated with the flow rate. Cluster analysis of the load-flow relationships of 45 individual drainage sumps indicated that the load-flow relationship for flow from the district could be characterized by one of three relationships. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Ayars, JE AU - Meek, D W AD - USDA-ARS, Water Manage. Res. Lab., Fresno, CA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 431 EP - 437 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - arid regions KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - solute transport KW - water quality KW - statistical analysis KW - water management KW - flow KW - salinity KW - irrigation KW - subsurface drainage KW - agricultural runoff KW - drainage water KW - USA, California, Central Valley KW - salts KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16871695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Drainage+load-flow+relationships+in+arid+irrigated+areas&rft.au=Ayars%2C+JE%3BMeek%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drainage water; salts; flow; salinity; irrigation; statistical analysis; solute transport; subsurface drainage; water quality; agricultural runoff; water management; USA, California, Central Valley ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vulnerability to drought-induced cavitation of riparian cottonwoods in Alberta: A possible factor in the decline of the ecosystem? AN - 16871319; 3579173 AB - Vulnerability of xylem to loss of hydraulic conductivity caused by drought-induced cavitation was determined for three riparian cottonwood species in Lethbridge, Alberta: Populus deltoides Bartr., P. balsamifera L., and P. angustifolia James. These species suffered 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity in one-year-old stem segments when xylem pressure potential fell to -0.7 MPa for P. deltoides and -1.7 MPa for P. balsamifera and P. angustifolia, making them the three most vulnerable tree species reported so far in North America. The possible contribution of drought-induced xylem dysfunction to the decline of riparian ecosystems in dammed rivers is discussed. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Tyree, M T AU - Kolb, K J AU - Rood, S B AU - Patino, S AD - Aiken For. Sci. Lab., USDA Forest Serv., 705 Spear St., P.O. Box 968, Burlington, VT 05402, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 455 EP - 466 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Populus deltoides KW - Populus balsamifera KW - Populus angustifolia KW - xylem KW - riparian environments KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - drought KW - riparian vegetation KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - plants KW - cavitation KW - water stress KW - Canada, Alberta KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16871319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Vulnerability+to+drought-induced+cavitation+of+riparian+cottonwoods+in+Alberta%3A+A+possible+factor+in+the+decline+of+the+ecosystem%3F&rft.au=Tyree%2C+M+T%3BKolb%2C+K+J%3BRood%2C+S+B%3BPatino%2C+S&rft.aulast=Tyree&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Populus deltoides; Populus balsamifera; Populus angustifolia; water stress; cavitation; plants; drought; riparian vegetation; Canada, Alberta; xylem; riparian environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A device for monitoring populations of larval mosquitoes in container habitats AN - 16868735; 3579095 AB - A device was developed for repetitive sampling of mosquito larvae without undue disruption of the larval habitat. The sampler is a 3-oz. (ca. 100-ml capacity) transparent plastic cup with a hole in the center of its convex bottom. The device is buoyed by corks so that the water level is 15 mm above the bottom rim of the cup and 5 mm above the hole. There was significant correlation between 24-h sample samples of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus 4th-instar larvae in the larval sampling device and populations in tires. Greater numbers of immature mosquitoes were found per unit surface area of the sampling device than the tire as a whole, demonstrating the immature mosquitoes were trapped by the sampler. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Undeen, AH AU - Becnel, J AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res., Lab., USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 101 EP - 103 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - biological sampling KW - insect larvae KW - measuring devices KW - measuring techniques KW - population levels KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Culex quinquefasciatus KW - population density KW - Brackish KW - Culicidae KW - developmental stages KW - Freshwater KW - Aedes albopictus KW - sampling KW - Diptera KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - Q1 08301:General KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16868735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=A+device+for+monitoring+populations+of+larval+mosquitoes+in+container+habitats&rft.au=Undeen%2C+AH%3BBecnel%2C+J&rft.aulast=Undeen&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - population density; biological sampling; sampling; measuring devices; developmental stages; insect larvae; measuring techniques; population levels; Culex quinquefasciatus; Culicidae; Diptera; Aedes albopictus; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fertilizer solution placement with a coulter-nozzle applicator AN - 16867241; 3578148 AB - Coulter-nozzle applicator implements have been introduced to cut residues and inject fertilizer solutions into shallow coulter slots for protection from rainfall runoff and increased nutrient use efficiency. Highly adhesive clay soils require the use of smooth coulters on these applicators, thereby producing a very narrow slot for deposition of the fertilizer. An experimental coulter-nozzle applicator was improved for use under these conditions and the fertilizer deposition pattern was established. The major improvement was selection of an industrial-type solid stream hydraulic nozzle to provide a coherent solid stream over the range of application pressures normally produced by common field spraying systems. Field test results indicated that fertilizer solution was placed deeper into the coulter slot by a thinner coulter blade, operating at a slower travel speed, in higher water content silty clay soil. Nozzle pressure was not a significant variable. There were no significant interactions between the test variables. The improved applicator and operational performance data will be used to quantify effects of fertilizer application techniques on surface runoff water quality. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Morrison, JE Jr AU - Potter, K N AD - USDA-ARS, Temple, TX, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 7 EP - 11 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - irrigation practices KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - agriculture KW - surface runoff KW - water quality control KW - irrigation KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16867241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Fertilizer+solution+placement+with+a+coulter-nozzle+applicator&rft.au=Morrison%2C+JE+Jr%3BPotter%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - runoff; fertilizers; erosion control; irrigation; surface runoff; water quality control; irrigation practices; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A genetic linkage map for cattle AN - 16866946; 3578029 AB - We report the most extensive physically anchored linkage map for cattle produced to date. Three-hundred thirteen genetic markers ordered in 30 linkage groups, anchored to 24 autosomal chromosomes (n = 29), the X and Y chromosomes, four unanchored syntenic groups and two unassigned linkage groups spanning 2464 cM of the bovine genome are summarized. The map also assigns 19 type I loci to specific chromosomes and/or syntenic groups and four cosmid clones containing informative microsatellites to chromosomes 13, 25 and 29 anchoring syntenic groups U11, U7 and U8, respectively. This map provides the skeletal framework prerequisite to development of a comprehensive genetic map for cattle and analysis of economic trait loci (ETL). JF - Genetics AU - Bishop, MD AU - Kappes, S M AU - Keele, J W AU - Stone, R T AU - Sunden, SLF AU - Hawkins, G A AU - Solinas Toldo, S AU - Fries, R AU - Grosz, MD AD - USDA, ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., Clay Cent., NE 68933-0166, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 619 EP - 639 VL - 136 IS - 2 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - cattle KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - linkage analysis KW - gene mapping KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16866946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=A+genetic+linkage+map+for+cattle&rft.au=Bishop%2C+MD%3BKappes%2C+S+M%3BKeele%2C+J+W%3BStone%2C+R+T%3BSunden%2C+SLF%3BHawkins%2C+G+A%3BSolinas+Toldo%2C+S%3BFries%2C+R%3BGrosz%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - linkage analysis; gene mapping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of crystal protein composition of Bacillus thuringiensis strains on cross-resistance in indianmeal moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 16864546; 3579226 AB - Cross-resistance spectra of colonies of Plodia interpunctella (Huebner) resistant to strains of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subspp. kurstaki, aizawai, and entomocidus reflected the toxin composition of the B. thuringiensis isolates used for selection. Subsp. kurstaki caused relatively narrow-spectrum resistance to CryIA(b) and CryIA(c) toxins. The subspp. aizawai and entomocidus strains caused broader-spectrum resistance to CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIB, CryIC, and CryIIA toxins. Thus, some isolates of subspp. aizawai and entomocidus can elicit resistance to half of the known B. thuringiensis toxins active against Lepidoptera. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - McGaughey, W H AU - Johnson, DE AD - U.S. Grain Market. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 535 EP - 540 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Plodia interpunctella KW - cross-resistance KW - Pyralidae KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pesticide resistance KW - proteins KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16864546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+crystal+protein+composition+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+strains+on+cross-resistance+in+indianmeal+moths+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=McGaughey%2C+W+H%3BJohnson%2C+DE&rft.aulast=McGaughey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cross-resistance; biological control; pesticide resistance; proteins; Plodia interpunctella; Pyralidae; Bacillus thuringiensis; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses to aggregation pheromones for five Carpophilus species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in a California date garden AN - 16861339; 3789914 AB - The nitidulid species, Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson, C. hemipterus (L.), C. freemani Dobson, and C. obsoletus Erichson, responded to their aggregation pheromones during a 17-mo study in a California date garden. The pheromones were dramatically synergized by volatiles from fermenting whole-wheat bread dough; pheromones alone attracted only 1.0-29% as many beetles as the combinations with dough, and dough alone attracted only 0-2.9% as many as the combinations. Unbaited controls caught no Carpophilus. C. mutilatus was the most abundant species, and individual trap catches were as high as 63,500 per week. Cross attraction was significant in some cases, especially for C. mutilatus responding to the pheromones of C. hemipterus and C. obsoletus but was minimal compared with responses to the species' own pheromones. The pheromone of C. lugubris Murray was also tested, but no C. lugubris were detected in the date garden. Two additional nitidulid species were caught consistently: C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.) and Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson). C. humeralis responded significantly to all of the pheromones but especially to those for C. hemipterus, C. lugubris, and C. obsoletus in combination with dough. H. luteolus was attracted only to the dough. Adult beetles were present in the dates on the ground throughout the year, but flight activity, as measured by trap catch, occurred erratically. All species had an intense period of flight activity in April and May, following a winter with favorable rains and an abundant food supply. This flight terminated abruptly when dates spilled to the ground during harvest and were hydrated by a rain storm. Flights of C. freemani, C. obsoletus, C. humeralis, and H. luteolus were more frequent in summer than for C. mutilatus or C. hemipterus. Flight activity during December and January was low for all species, but there was great variability in patterns of flight activity. The use of these pheromones is discussed in relation to pest management. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Bartelt, R J AU - Vetter, R S AU - Carlson, D G AU - Baker, T C AD - Bioactive Constituents Unit, USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1534 EP - 1543 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, California KW - Nitidulidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Carpophilus KW - attractancy KW - aggregation pheromone KW - Phoenix dactylifera KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16861339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Responses+to+aggregation+pheromones+for+five+Carpophilus+species+%28Coleoptera%3A+Nitidulidae%29+in+a+California+date+garden&rft.au=Bartelt%2C+R+J%3BVetter%2C+R+S%3BCarlson%2C+D+G%3BBaker%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Bartelt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1534&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phoenix dactylifera; Nitidulidae; Coleoptera; Carpophilus; USA, California; aggregation pheromone; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of host plant, Gossypium hirsutum L., on sexual attraction of cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Huebner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16859492; 3789907 AB - Unmated female or male cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Huebner), were attracted more often in a flight tunnel to a cage with moths of the opposite sex and a bouquet of cotton foliage. Increased sexual attractiveness of females with plants may be a result of stimulation of pheromone release in response to plant odor, since more males were attracted when odor of cotton foliage was passed over females than when odor of females was passed over cotton foliage before venting into the flight tunnel. Increased sexual attractiveness of males with plants is due in part to host odor enhancement of female attraction to male pheromone, since more females were attracted to synthetic male pheromone (a blend of enantiomers of linalool and isomers of cresol) and a cotton leaf extract than were attracted to male pheromone alone. A short synthesis procedure was developed for (S)-(+)-linalool, the major component of the male sex pheromone, isolated from hair pencils, used in these tests. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Landolt, P J AU - Heath, R R AU - Millar, J G AU - Davis-Hernandez, K M AU - Dueben, B D AU - Ward, KE AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Attractants, Behav., and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 14565, 1700 S.W. 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2959 EP - 2974 VL - 20 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - sexual behavior KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - host plants KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - attractancy KW - kairomones KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16859492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+host+plant%2C+Gossypium+hirsutum+L.%2C+on+sexual+attraction+of+cabbage+looper+moths%2C+Trichoplusia+ni+%28Huebner%29+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J%3BHeath%2C+R+R%3BMillar%2C+J+G%3BDavis-Hernandez%2C+K+M%3BDueben%2C+B+D%3BWard%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Trichoplusia ni; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; host plants; attractancy; kairomones; sexual behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethanol and ambrosia beetles in Douglas fir logs with and without branches AN - 16859085; 3789603 AB - November-felled Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) logs with and without branches were left lying on the forest floor through August. In May, as the logs were being colonized by ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte), the ethanol, acetaldehyde, and water concentrations in the delimbed logs were significantly higher than in the branched logs. Since both log types received the same rainfall, lower water contents in branched logs was probably the result of absorbed water being transported through the branches via capillary movement and evaporation. Lower tissue water levels could have prevented the establishment and maintenance of anaerobic conditions, thus limiting the synthesis of acetaldehyde and ethanol in the branched logs. By late August, the beetle densities in delimbed logs were 9-16 times greater than in the branched logs. Log ethanol concentrations could be a key chemical factor affecting the ambrosia beetle attack densities. Acetaldehyde concentrations in the logs also may have affected the attack densities. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Kelsey, R G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3307 EP - 3320 VL - 20 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - ethanol KW - Gnathotrichus retusus KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - attraction KW - Trypodendron lineatum KW - host selection KW - population density KW - Coleoptera KW - volatiles KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16859085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Ethanol+and+ambrosia+beetles+in+Douglas+fir+logs+with+and+without+branches&rft.au=Kelsey%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; Trypodendron lineatum; Scolytidae; Coleoptera; attraction; population density; host selection; volatiles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-chain free fatty acids: Semiochemicals for host location by western corn rootworm larvae AN - 16859032; 3789602 AB - A bioassay-driven sequential fractionation scheme was used to isolate fractions of a crude dichloromethane maize seedling extract behaviorally active to larvae of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic (linoleic) acid, (Z)-9-octadecenoic (oleic) acid, and octadecanoic (stearic) acid were identified from a purified fraction of maize extract that was attractive to western corn rootworm larvae in choice tests with equal levels of carbon dioxide on both sides of the choice. When synthetic linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids were tested together in the amounts and proportions found in the attractive fraction (1000, 800, and 300 ng of linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids, respectively), significantly more western corn rootworm larvae were found on the side with synthetic free fatty acids plus carbon dioxide than on the side with carbon dioxide alone. Results of the choice-test bioassays were not significantly different when the synthetic blend of free fatty acids was substituted for the purified maize fraction. Neither the purified extract nor the synthetic blend was behaviorally active in preliminary single-choice experiments without carbon dioxide. Linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids were also tested individually in the choice test bioassay with carbon dioxide on both sides of the choice to determine a dose-response curve. Linoleic and oleic acid each had one dose that was significantly attractive in conjunction with carbon dioxide on both sides of the choice, but stearic acid was not active in the doses tested. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Hibbard, B E AU - Bernklau, E J AU - Bjostad, L B AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Genet. Res. Unit, RM. 101 Curtis Hall, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3335 EP - 3344 VL - 20 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - semiochemicals KW - Coleoptera KW - fatty acids KW - larvae KW - attraction KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - host selection KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32455:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16859032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Long-chain+free+fatty+acids%3A+Semiochemicals+for+host+location+by+western+corn+rootworm+larvae&rft.au=Hibbard%2C+B+E%3BBernklau%2C+E+J%3BBjostad%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Hibbard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - semiochemicals; larvae; fatty acids; attraction; host selection; Coleoptera; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Chrysomelidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 4-Allylanisole as an inhibitor of bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) aggregation AN - 16858166; 3789910 AB - To assess the extent of inhibitory activity of the host compound 4-allylanisole, we conducted field studies with three scolytid species. These species are geographically widespread and economically important. Trials were completed with Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (California), D. ponderosae Hopkins (Oregon), and Ips pini (Say) (Wisconsin) by using multiple-funnel traps with appropriate pheromone-based attractants. With the Dendroctonus species, the effects of 4-allylanisole were compared with verbenone, an aggregation inhibitor produced by beetles themselves. We also determined effects of the treatments on the most abundant coleopterous predators in each trial. Inhibition of bark beetle aggregation behavior by 4-allylanisole was demonstrated for D. ponderosae (Oregon) and I. pini (Wisconsin). In Oregon, 4-allylanisole reduced the catch of D. ponderosae at attractant-baited traps by 77%, whereas verbenone reduced the catch by 91% compared with attractant alone. Although both reductions were significant, the effect of verbenone was significantly greater than that of 4-allylanisole. In Wisconsin, addition of 4-allylanisole attractant-baited traps resulted in a significant reduction (43%) in numbers of I. pini caught, compared with attractant alone. In the California trials, mean trap catches of D. brevicomis were reduced by both 4-allylanisole (35%) and verbenone (27%) compared with attractant alone, but neither reduction was significant. Sex ratios of target scolytids were not affected by inhibitory treatments in any trial. The predator Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae) was not affected by 4-allylanisole in California; however, verbenone significantly reduced the number caught. Although captures were low, numbers of T. chlorodia caught by traps containing 4-allylanisole in Oregon were significantly higher than those containing verbenone or attractant alone (numbers in verbenone and attractant traps were not significantly different). Numbers of the predatory beetles counted in Wisconsin-Thanasimus dubius (F.) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), Platysoma parallelum Say (Coleoptara: Histeridae), and P. (Cylistix) cylindrica (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Histeridae)-were not affected by elution of 4-allylanisole with attractant. Implications of these results for protection of individual trees and management of bark beetle populations are discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Hayes, J L AU - Strom, B L AD - Southern Forest Exp. Stn., USDA-FS, Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1586 EP - 1594 VL - 87 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - 4-allylanisole KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - aggregation behavior KW - inhibitors KW - pest control KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16858166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=4-Allylanisole+as+an+inhibitor+of+bark+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+aggregation&rft.au=Hayes%2C+J+L%3BStrom%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleoptera; Scolytidae; inhibitors; aggregation behavior; pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbivore-induced volatile emissions from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings AN - 16857125; 3789605 AB - The effect of herbivory on the composition of the volatile blends released by cotton seedlings was investigated by collecting volatiles from undamaged, freshly damaged (0-2 hr after initiation of feeding), and old damaged (16-19 hr after initiation of feeding) plants on which corn earworm caterpillars (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) were actively feeding. A blend of 22 compounds was consistently observed to be emitted by the old damaged plants with nine occurring either only in, or in significantly greater amounts in old damaged, as compared with freshly damaged plants. These were (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, hexyl acetate, (E)- beta -ocimene, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-non-atriene, (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, (Z)-3-hexenyl 2-methylbutyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl 2-methylbutyrate, and indole. The nature of this response is compared with other studies where herbivore-induced volatile responses are also known. The presence of large amounts of terpenes and aldehydes seen at the onset of feeding and the appearance of other compounds hours later suggest that cotton defense mechanisms may consist of a constitutive repertoire that is augmented by an induced mechanism mobilized in response to attack. A number of the induced compounds are common to many plants where, in addition to an immediate defensive function, they are known to be involved in the attraction of natural enemies. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - McCall, P J AU - Turlings, TCJ AU - Loughrin, J AU - Proveaux, A T AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - Insect Attractants, Behav. and Basic Biol. Res. Lab. ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3039 EP - 3050 VL - 20 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - phytoalexin KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - feeding KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - herbivory KW - Noctuidae KW - chemical composition KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - volatiles KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - R 18063:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16857125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Herbivore-induced+volatile+emissions+from+cotton+%28Gossypium+hirsutum+L.%29+seedlings&rft.au=McCall%2C+P+J%3BTurlings%2C+TCJ%3BLoughrin%2C+J%3BProveaux%2C+A+T%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=McCall&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; Gossypium hirsutum; volatiles; herbivory; feeding; chemical composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative studies of the effects of nutrient-based phagostimulants on six lepidopterous insect pests AN - 16856658; 3572596 AB - The effects of five commercial, nutrient-based phagostimulants-Pheast (AgriSense), Coax (CCT), Gusto (Atochem North America), Entice (Custom Chemicides), and Mo-Bait (Loveland Industries)-on the feeding behavior of six lepidopteran insect species were compared. The species were gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae); corn earworm, Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea (Boddie); fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); beet armyworm, S. exigua (Huebner) (Noctuidae); European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner) (Pyralidae); and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Plutellidae). Consumption of cellulose-agar media containing phagostimulants and of leaf disks treated with phagostimulants was measured. Comparisons of responses of larvae in terms of attraction and arrestancy were made with untreated filter paper or filter paper treated with phagostimulant. Large differences in consumption between phagostimulants were found when we used cellulose-agar media. However, differences in consumption were smaller when plant material was used as a substrate, especially in choice (treated versus control) tests. The four phagostimulants that contained high percentages of protein generally elicited stronger responses than the phagostimulant containing primarily sugars (Mo-Bait). Overall, Pheast tended to elicit the greatest response; Mo-Bait, elicited the least. Some attractancy and arrestancy were noted, except with L. dispar, but no differences between phagostimulants were found. The methods used here for the comparative evaluation of phagostimulants should be useful in developing practical applications of feeding stimulants to increase the efficacy of microbial and other insect control agents under practical field conditions. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Farrar, RR Jr AU - Ridgway, R L AD - Beltsville Agri. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 44 EP - 52 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - phagostimulants KW - Lepidoptera KW - nutrients KW - pests KW - feeding behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16856658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Comparative+studies+of+the+effects+of+nutrient-based+phagostimulants+on+six+lepidopterous+insect+pests&rft.au=Farrar%2C+RR+Jr%3BRidgway%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=RR&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; phagostimulants; nutrients; pests; feeding behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oviposition on vegetables by Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): Temporal and leaf surface factors AN - 16856274; 3571774 AB - Selection of ovipositional site of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), strain B, was studied under field, greenhouse, and laboratory conditions on early vegetative growth of commercial cultivars of 10 vegetable crops: cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ssp. annuum), collard (Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala de Condolle), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers ssp. unguiculata), snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L. ssp. melopepo) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum. & Nakai ssp. lanatus. Feeding and oviposition started on the cotyledon stage and populations of immature B. tabaci increased over time on all crops in field and greenhouse trials. On most plants, from 90 to 95% of the eggs were laid on the lower surface, with no definitive change over time or among leaves of a given crop. In a laboratory choice test using detached leaves facing downward, the lower leaf surface of cantaloupe, squash, and watermelon, was preferred for oviposition as compared with the upper surface. However, the upper surface was preferred in cowpea. There was no preference for egg-laying between leaf surfaces on the six other vegetables in the laboratory. Four crops, cantaloupe, cowpea, snap bean, and squash were evaluated for whitefly geotropic response for oviposition, and there was a strong negative response. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Simmons, A M AD - U.S. Veg. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2875 Savannah Hgw., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 381 EP - 389 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - vegetables KW - leaf characters KW - temporal variations KW - oviposition KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16856274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Oviposition+on+vegetables+by+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29%3A+Temporal+and+leaf+surface+factors&rft.au=Simmons%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; oviposition; temporal variations; leaf characters; vegetables ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in tree species diversity after successive clearcuts in the southern Appalachians AN - 16855079; 3780226 AB - A 16 ha watershed in the Coweeta Basin was clearcut in 1939 and 1962. Vegetation was inventoried in 1934 and at about 7-year intervals to 1991. After the first clearcut, tree diversity remained high until after the second cut. Diversity based on density and basal area decreased significantly 14 years after the second clearcut and remained low through 1991. Diversity was highest in the early establishment stage of stand development, then declined at the intermediate stage with canopy closure. Evenness based on basal area declined more than evenness based on density because basal area of Liriodendron tulipifera increased substantially from 1977 to 1991. Trends in diversity were due to changes in evenness rather than changes in species richness. JF - Vegetatio AU - Elliott, K J AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn., Coweeta Hydrol. Lab., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 0042-3106, 0042-3106 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, North Carolina KW - species richness KW - clear cutting KW - species diversity KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16855079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=Changes+in+tree+species+diversity+after+successive+clearcuts+in+the+southern+Appalachians&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, North Carolina; forests; clear cutting; species diversity; species richness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of African horse sickness virus by reverse transcription-PCR AN - 16852250; 3569544 AB - Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect African horse sickness virus (AHSV). A single primer pair which amplified a 423-bp fragment of the S8 gene which encodes the NS2 protein of AHSV was identified. Amplification of this fragment from all nine serotypes of AHSV was achieved with these primers. Between 10 super(1) and 10 super(2) copies of AHSV genomic double-stranded RNA could be detected by RT-PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. Application of RT-PCR to blood samples from AHSV-infected horses resulted in earlier detection of viremia than virus isolation did. Furthermore, viremia was detected by RT-PCR in blood samples from horses infected with an avirulent isolate of AHSV which were negative by virus isolation. AHSV was also detected by RT-PCR in spleen and lung samples from horses which died of AHSV infection. These results indicate that RT-PCR is a rapid and sensitive method for the identification of horses infected with AHSV. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Stone-Marschat, M AU - Carville, A AU - Skowronek, A AU - Laegreid, W W AD - USDA ARS, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 697 EP - 700 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - NS2 protein KW - amplification KW - horses KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - detection KW - African horse sickness virus KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - reverse transcription KW - W2 32410:Veterinary Medicine: Diagnosis KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16852250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+African+horse+sickness+virus+by+reverse+transcription-PCR&rft.au=Stone-Marschat%2C+M%3BCarville%2C+A%3BSkowronek%2C+A%3BLaegreid%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Stone-Marschat&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription; African horse sickness virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canopy cover and tree regeneration in old-growth cove forests of the Appalachian Mountains AN - 16852122; 3780225 AB - Relationships between canopy cover and tree regeneration were determined for various species in cove forests of the Great Smoky Mountains. Old-growth stands were sampled with six plots covering a total area of 4.8 ha. Each plot was subdivided into contiguous 10 x 10 m quadrats. Canopy cover overlying each of the 480 quadrats was characterized with three different indices based on visual estimates of cover. Influences of: (1) overlying cover, (2) proximate openings, and (3) total area of proximate openings on quadrat regeneration densities were determined. Most species reproducing by seed and some species reproducing by vegetative means had higher densities in quadrats with openings, but only the intolerants were highly dependent on gaps. Tsuga canadensis, a very shade-tolerant species, was one of the few species with abundant regeneration beneath dense canopy cover. In general, understory areas near gaps had somewhat higher regeneration densities than other areas with overlying cover. Several shade-tolerant species showed a positive regeneration density response to canopy openings and an ability to regenerate in gaps 0.01-0.03 ha in area. These openings were too small for intolerant species. Many species exhibited a positive response to total size of the proximate opening(s). A sharp increase in regeneration density with area of the opening(s) was evident at approximately 0.04 ha for the shade-intolerant species. JF - Vegetatio AU - Busing, R T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 19 EP - 27 VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 0042-3106, 0042-3106 KW - USA, Great Smoky Mts. KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - gaps KW - regeneration KW - old growth KW - canopies KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16852122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=Canopy+cover+and+tree+regeneration+in+old-growth+cove+forests+of+the+Appalachian+Mountains&rft.au=Busing%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Busing&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; old growth; regeneration; canopies; gaps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - White-belted coloration in a masked shrew, Sorex cinereus, from Massachusetts AN - 16852086; 3780229 AB - A Masked Shrew (Sorex cinereus) with white-belted coloration pattern was captured in a mixed deciduous-coniferous forest in central Massachusetts. Only one other published record of this pelage condition in S. cinereus was found in an intensive search of the literature and no similarily colored specimens were found in collections of several national or regional museums. JF - Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa ON AU - Brooks, R T AU - Doyle, K L AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Northeast. Forest Exp. Stn., Holdsworth Hall, Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 491 EP - 492 VL - 108 IS - 4 SN - 0008-3550, 0008-3550 KW - Sorex cinerus KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - coloration KW - pelage KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16852086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+field-naturalist.+Ottawa+ON&rft.atitle=White-belted+coloration+in+a+masked+shrew%2C+Sorex+cinereus%2C+from+Massachusetts&rft.au=Brooks%2C+R+T%3BDoyle%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+field-naturalist.+Ottawa+ON&rft.issn=00083550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Massachusetts; coloration; pelage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of two sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Artemisia annua on physiology of Lemna minor AN - 16851567; 3571367 AB - The effects of artemisinin and arteannuic acid extracted from Artemisia annua on the physiology of Lemna minor were evaluated. Changes in frond production, growth, dry weight, and chlorophyll content of L. minor were determined. Photosynthesis and respiration were evaluated with a differential respirometer. Artemisinin (5 mu M) inhibited L. minor frond production and dry weight 82 and 83%, relative to methanol controls. Chlorophyll content was reduced 44% by artemisinin (2.5 mu M). Arteannuic acid (10 mu M) was less active, inhibiting frond production 61% and reducing chlorophyll content 66% at 5 mu M. Artemisinin (1 mu M) reduced L. minor photosynthesis 30% and 2.5 mu M reduced respiration 39%. Arteannuic acid had no significant effect on photosynthesis or respiration at the levels tested. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Stiles, L H AU - Leather, G R AU - Chen, P K AD - USDA-ARS, Frederick, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 969 EP - 977 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - allelopathy KW - botanical resources KW - growth inhibition test KW - lactones KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - metabolites KW - Lemna minor KW - inhibitors KW - Freshwater KW - Artemisia annua KW - growth KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08625:Non-edible products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16851567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+two+sesquiterpene+lactones+isolated+from+Artemisia+annua+on+physiology+of+Lemna+minor&rft.au=Stiles%2C+L+H%3BLeather%2C+G+R%3BChen%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - botanical resources; metabolites; inhibitors; growth; allelopathy; growth inhibition test; Lemna minor; Artemisia annua; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population structure of a predatory beetle: The importance of gene flow for intertrophic level interactions AN - 16850757; 3568939 AB - Migration and gene flow of natural enemies play an important role in the stability of predator-prey interactions and community organization in both natural and managed systems. Yet, relative to that of their herbivorous insect prey, the genetic structure of natural enemy populations has been little studied. We present evidence that populations of the predatory coccinellid beetle Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), are not genetically subdivided and that levels of gene flow among these populations are extremely high. Furthermore, in the same geographical area, gene flow of C. maculata was significantly (one order of magnitude) greater than that of an abundant prey species, the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The high mobility of this natural enemy relative to the insect herbivores on which it feeds may contribute to its effectiveness as a biological control agent in agricultural systems. JF - Heredity AU - Coll, M AU - Garcia de Mendoza, L AU - Roderick, G K AD - USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab., BARC-E., Build. 402, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 228 EP - 236 VL - 72 IS - 3 SN - 0018-067X, 0018-067X KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - migration KW - predator-prey interactions KW - Coleoptera KW - gene flow KW - Coleomegilla maculata KW - population structure KW - Coccinellidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects KW - G 07290:Population genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heredity&rft.atitle=Population+structure+of+a+predatory+beetle%3A+The+importance+of+gene+flow+for+intertrophic+level+interactions&rft.au=Coll%2C+M%3BGarcia+de+Mendoza%2C+L%3BRoderick%2C+G+K&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Heredity&rft.issn=0018067X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleomegilla maculata; Coccinellidae; Coleoptera; gene flow; migration; predator-prey interactions; population structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of nonhost plants on an insect herbivore in diverse habitats AN - 16850380; 3567375 AB - Vegetation texture (i.e., plant density, species diversity, and structural complexity) may influence the abundance of a herbivore by affecting its movement, altering the suitability of host plants, and by changing the herbivore's vulnerability to attack by natural enemies. We investigated these effects on the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) on snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) growing in high- and low-density monocultures and intercropped with short (0.5 m) or tall (1.2 m) corn plants (Zea mays). Beetle populations consistently reached higher densities on beans in monocultures than on beans intercropped with tall corn. Neither bean plant density nor plant species diversity alone significantly affected beetle abundance. Instead, the presence of tall corn plants contributed most to lower bean beetle density in the tall corn-bean intercrop, primarily by reducing adult colonization. However, the tall corn also increased the suitability of intercropped bean plants to the beetles because adults preferred to feed on and larvae developed faster on beans in the tall corn-bean habitat. Host plant effects were independent of the influence of microclimate and risk of predation. Abundance of natural enemies of the bean beetle was low, and overall, predator density and bean beetle larval survival did not differ significantly among habitats. However, it is difficult to predict the effect of mortality factors, such as natural enemies, on bean beetle populations because larval mortality over time was affected by habitat type (i.e., there was a significant interaction between habitat type and time). Our results were partially consistent with the resource concentration hypothesis. Whereas Mexican bean beetles colonized bean monocultures more readily than they did tall corn-bean diculture, the presence of more suitable host plants in the diculture acted to increase, rather than decrease, bean beetle density in the tall corn-bean habitat. However, higher adult feeding preference and faster larval development on beans in the tall corn-bean habitat did not offset lower adult colonization in this habitat. JF - Ecology AU - Coll, M AU - Bottrell, D G AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab., Build. 402, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 723 EP - 731 VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Epilacha varivestis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Coleoptera KW - host plants KW - habitat utilization KW - Coccinellidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+nonhost+plants+on+an+insect+herbivore+in+diverse+habitats&rft.au=Coll%2C+M%3BBottrell%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coccinellidae; Coleoptera; population density; habitat utilization; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consideration of the taxonomy and biodiversity of Australian ectomycorrhizal fungi AN - 16850305; 3567332 AB - Mycorrhiza management in forestry must be predicated on an understanding of fungal biology and ecology. A fundamental building block of the biology and ecology of any organism is accurate identification and an understanding of its relationship to other organisms. The taxonomy of the larger fungi has been largely based on morphological classification of sexual structures but now Taxonomy routinely incorporates mating studies, and biochemical and molecular data. Taxonomy may not revolutionize theories on mycorrhiza but can clarify some of the inconsistencies due to misrepresentation or over-generalizations and inappropriate conclusions drawn from studies with inaccurately identified fungi. To illustrate this, we discuss an example where incorrect fungal names were repeatedly erroneously applied in morphological and physiological research reports on this fungus, e.g. Laccaria laccata. In this case subsequent taxonomic study revealed the reason for the conflicting research results reported for this fungus. We discuss the status of identifying the ectomycorrhizal fungi in various forest communities in Australia and the relationships of this process to assessing their use in forestry. Recent intensive efforts to collect, isolate and identify Australian ectomycorrhizal fungi have revealed an enormous and unique species diversity, e.g., for truffle-like fungi, over 2000 collections from the last five years alone have yielded 2 new families, 24 new genera, and about 184 new species. Nearly 95% of the described and undescribed fungi from Australia are novel, with some 22 genera and 3 families endemic. In most cases the current systematic knowledge of mycorrhizal fungi is inadequate to support clear framework for Australian taxa. This reflects the traditional Northern Hemisphere view of the world, the uniqueness of the Australian fungal flora, and how poorly it is known. For example, the genus Hymenogaster had been widely acknowledged as the most reduced member of the Cortinariaceae. However recent work on Hymenogaster species from the Southern Hemisphere has offered a number of alternative affinities to various species. We also discuss the role proper identification of the organisms involved plays in understanding the ecosystem. Emphasis should be placed on how species diversity equates with physiological and genetic diversity and how a sound taxonomic understanding of species and their systematic position is essential to properly manage them. Accurate taxonomic information will continue to be required as the basis for assessing the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in sustained ecological development. Of particular significance is the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in maintenance of plant diversity in natural ecosystems and those disturbed by management. In conclusion, we present some key research areas involving the use of taxonomy that need priority attention. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Castellano, MA AU - Bougher, N L AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., For. Sci. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 46 VL - 159 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - mycorrhizas KW - Australia KW - taxonomy KW - species diversity KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Consideration+of+the+taxonomy+and+biodiversity+of+Australian+ectomycorrhizal+fungi&rft.au=Castellano%2C+MA%3BBougher%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=Castellano&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australia; mycorrhizas; taxonomy; species diversity; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental response of nymphs of Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) reared with low numbers of prey AN - 16850251; 3568886 AB - Effects of maternal diet, maternal age, and nymphal diet on developmental time and survivorship of nymphs of Podisus maculiventris (Say) were studied using Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant as prey. Developmental time of nymphs was shorter if nymphs were well fed and came from well fed and young mothers than if nymphs were poorly fed and came from poorly fed and older mothers. Nymphal survival was related to nymphal diet. Well-fed nymphs showed higher survivorship than poorly fed nymphs. Nymphs supplied prey at the lowest rates failed to reach adulthood and died, usually in the act of molting. Body sizes of adults from well-fed nymphs were larger than those from poorly fed nymphs. Impact of maternal effects on population dynamics of P. maculiventris is discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Legaspi, J C AU - O'Neil, R J AD - Biol. Control Pests Res. Unit, BCPRU-USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 374 EP - 380 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - nymphs KW - food availability KW - development KW - feeding KW - prey KW - Pentatomidae KW - Hemiptera KW - Podisus maculiventris KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Developmental+response+of+nymphs+of+Podisus+maculiventris+%28Heteroptera%3A+Pentatomidae%29+reared+with+low+numbers+of+prey&rft.au=Legaspi%2C+J+C%3BO%27Neil%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Legaspi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Podisus maculiventris; Pentatomidae; Hemiptera; food availability; development; prey; feeding; nymphs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative assessment of groundwater quality using a biological indicator: Some preliminary observations AN - 16849416; 3572429 AB - The genotoxicity of groundwater was evaluated, using a novel application of the SOS microplate assay (SOSMA). Organic residues were extracted from groundwater samples from Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware by using C-18 bonded silica solid phase extraction tubes. Total organic carbon content (TOC) of water samples was also determined. The genotoxicity of the extracts was determined by the SOSMA. Relative activity (RA) as determined by the SOSMA is a quantitative measure of genotoxicity based on a comparison to the activity of the mutagen, 4-nitroquinoline oxide. Low levels of RA (about 2x background) were detected in waters from sites within these states. There was considerable temporal and spatial variation in the observed RA, but no definite patterns were observed in the variation. Between sampling sites there was a positive correlation between RA and TOC; however, this relationship appeared to be reversed occasionally within a sampling site. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Pfeil, R M AU - Venkat, JA AU - Plimmer, J R AU - Sham, S AU - Davis, K AU - Nair, P P AD - Environ. Chem. Lab., Nat. Resour. Inst., USDA-ARS, Build. 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 201 EP - 207 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - SOS microplate assay KW - ground water KW - quality KW - assessment KW - bioassays KW - genotoxicity testing KW - SOS repair KW - bioassay KW - groundwater KW - bioindicators KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - water quality KW - drinking water KW - water analysis KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16849416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+assessment+of+groundwater+quality+using+a+biological+indicator%3A+Some+preliminary+observations&rft.au=Pfeil%2C+R+M%3BVenkat%2C+JA%3BPlimmer%2C+J+R%3BSham%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+K%3BNair%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Pfeil&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - groundwater; water quality; drinking water; water analysis; bioassay; bioindicators; bioassays; genotoxicity testing; ground water; quality; SOS repair ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The functioning of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field: Linkages in space and time AN - 16848860; 3567354 AB - Individual trees, either of the same