TY - JOUR T1 - Mutational analysis of the proteolytic cleavage site of glycoprotein B (gB) of Marek's disease virus. AN - 76941858; 7821796 AB - The Marek's disease virus (MDV) glycoprotein B (gB) precursor, gp100, is proteolytically cleaved into two disulfide-linked subunits, gp60 and gp49. In the gB homologs of most other herpesviruses, a tetrapeptide, Arg-Xaa-Arg-Arg, is immediately upstream from the predicted cleavage site. We have investigated the specificity of the proteolytic cleavage in gp100 by introducing mutations within its predicted cleavage site (Arg-Leu-Arg-Arg) and expressed these mutants in recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV). The results show that all three Arg residues at the predicted cleavage site play an important role in the specific proteolytic cleavage of gp100. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the cleavage of gp100 is not necessary for transport of gB to the cell surface. JF - Gene AU - Yoshida, S AU - Lee, L F AU - Yanagida, N AU - Nazerian, K AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823. Y1 - 1994/12/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Dec 15 SP - 303 EP - 306 VL - 150 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - Antigens, Viral KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Protein Precursors KW - Viral Envelope Proteins KW - glycoprotein B, Marek's disease virus KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Precursors -- metabolism KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Gene Expression KW - Methionine -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - Kinetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Consensus Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Cell Line KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- metabolism KW - Antigens, Viral -- biosynthesis KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76941858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Mutational+analysis+of+the+proteolytic+cleavage+site+of+glycoprotein+B+%28gB%29+of+Marek%27s+disease+virus.&rft.au=Yoshida%2C+S%3BLee%2C+L+F%3BYanagida%2C+N%3BNazerian%2C+K&rft.aulast=Yoshida&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-12-15&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in Peruvian children between 6 and 30 months of age. AN - 85224848; pmid-7977241 AB - OBJECTIVES: Cross-sectional studies of children in developing countries show a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection at 6 months of age, but a decrease in the prevalence of infection between 1 and 5 yr of age. The decrease suggests a loss or clearance of infection, an uncommon finding in adults. Our objective in this study was to determine the longitudinal persistence of H. pylori infection in young children. METHODS: We tested an initial cohort of 105 6-month-old infants at 6-month intervals with the 13C-urea breath test; 56 subjects were successfully studied for 2 yr or until 30 months of age. RESULTS: Overall prevalence decreased from 71.4% to 47.9% when children were between 6 and 18 months of age, and we found a significant gender difference (males 63.6-55.0%, females 80.0-38.7%, p = 0.03). Of the 56 subjects, six had negative breath tests at all 6-month intervals, 10 were consistently positive, and 36 subjects had one or more negative tests after a positive test. The overall probability of acquiring H. pylori in a given 6-month period ranged between 0.28 and 0.38; the probability of clearing the infection was between 0.22 and 0.45. During the first 18 months after birth, male infants were more likely to acquire H. pylori and less likely to clear the infection than female infants. CONCLUSION: We conclude that H. pylori colonization in infants may be a reversible process. JF - The American Journal of Gastroenterology AU - Klein, P D AU - Gilman, R H AU - Leon-Barua, R AU - Diaz, F AU - Smith, E O AU - Graham, D Y AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. PY - 1994 SP - 2196 EP - 2200 VL - 89 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9270, 0002-9270 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Human KW - Urea KW - Helicobacter Infections KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Peru KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Breath Tests KW - Female KW - Helicobacter pylori UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85224848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=The+epidemiology+of+Helicobacter+pylori+in+Peruvian+children+between+6+and+30+months+of+age.&rft.au=Klein%2C+P+D%3BGilman%2C+R+H%3BLeon-Barua%2C+R%3BDiaz%2C+F%3BSmith%2C+E+O%3BGraham%2C+D+Y&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.issn=00029270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insecticides and acaricides: resistance and environmental impact. AN - 77806211; 7711312 AB - Insecticides continue to be the primary means of control for ectoparasites on livestock. Intensive use of these materials has led to resistance to organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids among populations of Haematobia irritans irritans, H. irritans exigua and Lucilia cuprina. Similarly, use of acaricides has led to resistance in one-host Boophilus ticks to all currently-used organophosphate-carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids and amidines. Resistance in multi-host ticks is less widespread. New chemicals are available for the control of resistant ectoparasites, but there are concerns over resistance and residues problems, which prompt the authors to discuss new pest management strategies. Environmental concerns are raised regarding the use of pesticides on livestock. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Kunz, S E AU - Kemp, D H AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kerrville, Texas 78028. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1249 EP - 1286 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tick Control KW - Insect Control KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Animals, Domestic -- parasitology KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- veterinary KW - Environmental Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77806211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Insecticides+and+acaricides%3A+resistance+and+environmental+impact.&rft.au=Kunz%2C+S+E%3BKemp%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Kunz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversal of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) poisoning in cattle with physostigmine. AN - 77795300; 7900266 AB - Tall larkspur poisoning of cattle is a serious problem on western US rangelands. Single oral doses of tall larkspur ranging from 1.5 to 3 g/kg body weight were administered to steers. These doses caused clinical signs of muscular tremors and collapse. Physostigmine was administered iv, ip or sc at 0.04 to 0.08 mg/kg body weight when animals were sternally or laterally recumbent. Physostigmine given iv rapidly reversed the larkspur toxicity. Serial injections of physostigmine were generally necessary to reverse acute toxicity. Administration of physostigmine to grazing animals poisoned on larkspur was also effective. Physostigmine can be effective treatment for intoxicated cattle consuming tall larkspurs. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Pfister, J A AU - Panter, K E AU - Manners, G D AU - Cheney, C D AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 511 EP - 514 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - methyllycaconitine KW - 21019-30-7 KW - Physostigmine KW - 9U1VM840SP KW - Aconitine KW - X8YN71D5WC KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Male KW - Physostigmine -- pharmacology KW - Physostigmine -- administration & dosage KW - Plant Poisoning -- drug therapy KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Aconitine -- toxicity KW - Cattle Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Aconitine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Physostigmine -- therapeutic use KW - Aconitine -- administration & dosage KW - Plant Extracts -- administration & dosage KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77795300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Reversal+of+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+barbeyi%29+poisoning+in+cattle+with+physostigmine.&rft.au=Pfister%2C+J+A%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BCheney%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Administration of ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin to growing swine. AN - 77789988; 7887523 AB - Effects of dietary ochratoxin A (OA) and T-2 toxin, fed singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Thirty-six barrows (3 replicates of 3 for each of 4 treatment groups, mean body weight, 18.0 kg) were fed: 0 mg of OA and 0 mg of T-2/kg of feed (control); 2.5 mg of OA/kg of feed; 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of OA plus 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed; for 30 days. Production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic evaluations were made. Body weight and body weight gain were decreased by all toxin treatments, but the combination toxin treatment reduced weight gain more than did either of the toxins administered singly and could be considered additive. Liver weight was decreased by combination treatment, whereas kidney weight was increased by OA treatment. Ochratoxin decreased serum cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase values; reduced mean cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, and macrophage phagocytosis; and increased creatinine and total protein values. Consumption of T-2 toxin reduced hemoglobin and serum alkaline phosphatase values. The combination treatment decreased serum cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, mean cell volume, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values, as well as lymphoblastogenesis and phagocytosis, and increased serum creatinine concentration. We concluded that OA and T-2, singly or in combination, can affect clinical performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic values, and organ weights of growing barrows. Although some analytes were affected more by the combination than by either toxin alone, the interactions could best be described as additive, not synergistic. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Rottinghaus, G E AU - Corrier, D E AD - USDA, ARS, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1757 EP - 1761 VL - 55 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Ochratoxins KW - 0 KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Blood Chemical Analysis -- veterinary KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Blood Cell Count -- drug effects KW - Swine -- growth & development KW - Swine -- immunology KW - Ochratoxins -- toxicity KW - T-2 Toxin -- toxicity KW - Swine -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77789988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Administration+of+ochratoxin+A+and+T-2+toxin+to+growing+swine.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E%3BCorrier%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of hypochlorhydria due to omeprazole treatment or atrophic gastritis on protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption. AN - 77786986; 7706591 AB - To investigate the effects of hypochlorhydria and acidic drink ingestion on protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption in elderly subjects. Absorption of protein-bound vitamin B12 was examined in elderly normal subjects (n = 8), and in hypochlorhydric subjects due to omeprazole treatment (n = 8) or with atrophic gastritis (n = 3). Subjects underwent absorption tests of protein-bound vitamin B12 ingested with water, cranberry juice and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption was lower in the omeprazole-treated group (0.50%) compared to the normal group (1.21%; p < 0.001). With cranberry juice ingestion, the omeprazole-treated group showed an increase in absorbed protein-bound vitamin B12 (p = 0.025). With dilute hydrochloric acid ingestion, there was a further increase in vitamin B12 absorption (p < 0.001). Omeprazole causes protein-bound vitamin B12 malabsorption, and ingestion of an acidic drink improves protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption. JF - Journal of the American College of Nutrition AU - Saltzman, J R AU - Kemp, J A AU - Golner, B B AU - Pedrosa, M C AU - Dallal, G E AU - Russell, R M AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 584 EP - 591 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0731-5724, 0731-5724 KW - Pepsinogens KW - 0 KW - Omeprazole KW - KG60484QX9 KW - Vitamin B 12 KW - P6YC3EG204 KW - Hydrochloric Acid KW - QTT17582CB KW - Index Medicus KW - Pepsinogens -- blood KW - Administration, Oral KW - Humans KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Hydrochloric Acid -- pharmacology KW - Aged KW - Gastric Acidity Determination KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Protein Binding KW - Gastric Acid -- secretion KW - Hydrochloric Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Absorption KW - Female KW - Male KW - Achlorhydria -- etiology KW - Gastritis, Atrophic -- physiopathology KW - Omeprazole -- adverse effects KW - Gastritis, Atrophic -- complications KW - Achlorhydria -- physiopathology KW - Omeprazole -- therapeutic use KW - Achlorhydria -- chemically induced KW - Vitamin B 12 -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77786986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Effect+of+hypochlorhydria+due+to+omeprazole+treatment+or+atrophic+gastritis+on+protein-bound+vitamin+B12+absorption.&rft.au=Saltzman%2C+J+R%3BKemp%2C+J+A%3BGolner%2C+B+B%3BPedrosa%2C+M+C%3BDallal%2C+G+E%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Saltzman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=584&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=07315724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Am Coll Nutr. 1994 Dec;13(6):544-5 [7706583] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diethyl maleate, an in vivo chemical depletor of glutathione, affects the response of male and female rats to arsenic deprivation. AN - 77786400; 7702979 AB - An experiment was performed to determine the effect of diethyl maleate (DEM), an in vivo depletor of glutathione, on the response of male and female rats to arsenic deprivation. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment used groups of six weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Dietary variables were arsenic at 0 or 0.5 microgram/g and DEM at 0 or 0.25%; the third variable was gender. Animals were fed for 10 wk a casein-ground corn based diet that contained amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium similar to the AIN-76 diet. DEM supplementation increased blood arsenic in both male and female rats; female rats had the greatest amount of arsenic in whole blood. Although female rats in general had a lower concentration of glutathione in liver, those fed no supplemental DEM, regardless of their arsenic status, had the lowest amounts. Compared to males, female rats had a lower activity of liver glutathione S-transferase (GST). Arsenic deprivation decreased, and DEM supplementation increased liver GST activity in both male and female rats. Lung GST activity was also increased by DEM supplementation in male, but not female, rats. The most striking finding of the study was that compared to males, females had extremely elevated kidney calcium concentrations, and that the elevation was exacerbated by arsenic deprivation. DEM supplementation also exacerbated the accumulation of calcium in the kidney of the female rats. The response of the rat to both DEM and arsenic was, for many variables, dependent on gender. This gender dependence may be explained by the differences in methionine metabolism between male and female rats. Thus, arsenic deprivation apparently can manifest itself differently depending on gender. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Uthus, E O AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 247 EP - 259 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - Maleates KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - diethyl maleate KW - AK5N1DQX7U KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Methionine -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Hematocrit KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- anatomy & histology KW - Maleates -- pharmacology KW - Maleates -- metabolism KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Arsenic -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77786400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+aluminosilicate+compounds+to+reduce+aflatoxin+residues+and+toxicity+to+poultry+and+livestock%3A+a+review+report.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BPhillips%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=Suppl+Pt+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutator insertions in an intron of the maize knotted1 gene result in dominant suppressible mutations. AN - 77775605; 7896105 AB - The knotted1 (kn1) locus of maize is defined by a series of dominant mutations affecting leaf development. We recovered 10 additional mutant alleles in lines containing active Mutator transposable elements. Nine of these alleles contain Mu1 or Mu8 elements inserted within a 310-bp region of the kn1 third intron. All five Mu8 insertions are in the same orientation whereas both orientations of Mu1 were recovered. Northern analysis showed that ectopic expression of kn1 within developing leaves is correlated with the mutant phenotype for the four alleles analyzed. Transcript size was not altered. The effect of Mu activity, as measured by the extent of Mu element methylation or by the presence of the autonomous MuDR element, was investigated for two alleles. Kn1-mum2, containing a Mu8 element, and Kn1-mum7, containing a Mu1 element, required Mu activity for the knotted phenotype. We examined the effect of Mu activity on ectopic kn1 expression in Kn1-mum2 and found that the transcript was present in leaves of Mu active individuals only. We discuss possible mechanisms by which Mu activity could condition kn1 gene expression. JF - Genetics AU - Greene, B AU - Walko, R AU - Hake, S AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, ARS-USDA, Albany, California. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1275 EP - 1285 VL - 138 IS - 4 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - bz KW - kn1 KW - sh KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - Plant Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - RNA, Plant KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA, Plant -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Dominant KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Methylation KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Genes, Homeobox KW - Introns KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics KW - Genes, Plant KW - Zea mays -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77775605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=Mutator+insertions+in+an+intron+of+the+maize+knotted1+gene+result+in+dominant+suppressible+mutations.&rft.au=Greene%2C+B%3BWalko%2C+R%3BHake%2C+S&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - bz; kn1; sh N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genetics. 1986 Nov;114(3):1007-21 [3025058] Genetics. 1994 Mar;136(3):1157-70 [8005422] Genetics. 1987 Jul;116(3):469-77 [3038674] Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Jan;211(1):49-55 [2830468] Genetics. 1988 Feb;118(2):221-34 [2834265] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Nov 11;16(21):10382 [3194217] Genes Dev. 1989 Apr;3(4):454-68 [2542128] Genetics. 1989 May;122(1):129-38 [2471668] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 May;10(5):2090-5 [2157968] Cell. 1990 Jul 27;62(2):269-84 [2164887] Genetics. 1990 Jul;125(3):623-31 [2165968] Biochem Genet. 1973 Jan;8(1):27-36 [4348257] Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Aug 10;12(15):5955-67 [6089104] Cell. 1986 Jan 31;44(2):303-12 [3002632] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(6):1767-71 [3006070] Cell. 1986 Oct 24;47(2):285-96 [3021338] EMBO J. 1986 Sep;5(9):2293-303 [3023068] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Nov 25;18(22):6725 [2251152] EMBO J. 1991 Feb;10(2):407-17 [1671353] Nature. 1991 Mar 21;350(6315):241-3 [1672445] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Feb 11;19(3):579-84 [1849263] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3502-6 [1849660] Trends Genet. 1991 Mar;7(3):86-90 [1851585] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 15;88(22):10198-202 [1719548] Trends Genet. 1992 Mar;8(3):109-14 [1349773] Genetics. 1992 Apr;130(4):889-98 [1316302] Adv Genet. 1992;30:77-122 [1333722] Genetics. 1992 Nov;132(3):691-7 [1334893] Genetics. 1992 Nov;132(3):813-22 [1334895] Development. 1992 Sep;116(1):21-30 [1362381] Cell. 1993 Jan 15;72(1):85-95 [8093684] Genetics. 1993 Aug;134(4):1135-44 [8375652] Genetics. 1993 Oct;135(2):507-26 [8244011] Genetics. 1993 Dec;135(4):1141-50 [8307329] Genetics. 1986 Dec;114(4):1293-312 [3803916] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral toxicity of boric acid and other boron compounds to immature cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). AN - 77726544; 7836612 AB - Oral toxicity was characterized in first-instar cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché), feeding on dried blood treated with boric acid. LC50 values ranged from 2.11% after 24 h to 0.21% after 7 d. In carpet tests with five different boron compounds and a number of different formulations, significant mortality for first instars was observed in all cases. In similar tests with prepupae and cocoons, there was no significant effect on mortality. The importance of these results is discussed in light of current application procedures for boron compounds, and suggestions are made for future research. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Klotz, J H AU - Moss, J I AU - Zhao, R AU - Davis, L R AU - Patterson, R S AD - Household Insects Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1534 EP - 1536 VL - 87 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Boric Acids KW - 0 KW - Boron Compounds KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Boron Compounds -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Cats KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Boron Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Pupa -- drug effects KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Boric Acids -- toxicity KW - Siphonaptera -- drug effects KW - Boric Acids -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77726544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Oral+toxicity+of+boric+acid+and+other+boron+compounds+to+immature+cat+fleas+%28Siphonaptera%3A+Pulicidae%29.&rft.au=Klotz%2C+J+H%3BMoss%2C+J+I%3BZhao%2C+R%3BDavis%2C+L+R%3BPatterson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Klotz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1534&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of water movement and quality in earthworm burrows and pan lysimeters AN - 50188000; 1995-009513 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Shipitalo, M J AU - Edwards, W M AU - Redmond, C E Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1345 EP - 1351 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Coshocton County Ohio KW - solution KW - ground water KW - agrochemicals KW - movement KW - waterways KW - water regimes KW - chemical composition KW - sedimentary structures KW - lysimeters KW - Ohio KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - biogenic structures KW - pollution KW - porosity KW - North Appalachian Experimental Watershed KW - nutrients KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - burrows KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50188000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+water+movement+and+quality+in+earthworm+burrows+and+pan+lysimeters&rft.au=Shipitalo%2C+M+J%3BEdwards%2C+W+M%3BRedmond%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Shipitalo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; biogenic structures; burrows; chemical composition; Coshocton County Ohio; experimental studies; ground water; infiltration; leaching; lysimeters; monitoring; movement; North Appalachian Experimental Watershed; nutrients; Ohio; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; porosity; runoff; sedimentary structures; soils; solution; United States; water quality; water regimes; waterways ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of methods to study soil erosion-productivity relationships AN - 50168145; 1995-021194 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Olson, K R AU - Lal, R AU - Norton, L D Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 586 EP - 590 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - methods KW - Nigeria KW - erosion KW - statistical analysis KW - agriculture KW - mechanical properties KW - evaluation KW - models KW - Alfisols KW - West Africa KW - erosion control KW - Africa KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - Mollisols KW - land use KW - productivity KW - Midwest KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50168145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+methods+to+study+soil+erosion-productivity+relationships&rft.au=Olson%2C+K+R%3BLal%2C+R%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; agriculture; Alfisols; erosion; erosion control; evaluation; land use; mechanical properties; methods; Midwest; models; Mollisols; Nigeria; productivity; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; tillage; United States; West Africa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of soil loss from eroded soil phases AN - 50167464; 1995-021195 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Olson, K R AU - Norton, L D AU - Fenton, T E AU - Lal, R Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 591 EP - 596 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - pedogenesis KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - sedimentation KW - agriculture KW - mathematical models KW - erosion features KW - Alfisols KW - runoff KW - classification KW - horizons KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - Mollisols KW - land use KW - Midwest KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50167464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+soil+loss+from+eroded+soil+phases&rft.au=Olson%2C+K+R%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BFenton%2C+T+E%3BLal%2C+R&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 65 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Alfisols; classification; erodibility; erosion; erosion features; horizons; hydrology; land use; mathematical models; Midwest; Mollisols; pedogenesis; runoff; sedimentation; soil erosion; soils; United States; Universal Soil Loss Equation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating depths to claypans using electromagnetic induction methods AN - 50165866; 1995-021192 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Doolittle, J A AU - Sudduth, K A AU - Kitchen, N R AU - Indorante, S J Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 572 EP - 575 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - clay KW - water quality KW - clastic sediments KW - moisture KW - Missouri KW - geophysical methods KW - magnetic properties KW - physical properties KW - conductivity KW - infiltration KW - agrochemicals KW - sediments KW - retention KW - electromagnetic methods KW - central Missouri KW - horizons KW - electromagnetic induction KW - Midwest KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50165866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Estimating+depths+to+claypans+using+electromagnetic+induction+methods&rft.au=Doolittle%2C+J+A%3BSudduth%2C+K+A%3BKitchen%2C+N+R%3BIndorante%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Doolittle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=572&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; central Missouri; clastic sediments; clay; conductivity; electromagnetic induction; electromagnetic methods; geophysical methods; horizons; infiltration; magnetic properties; Midwest; Missouri; moisture; physical properties; retention; sediments; soils; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous mineralogical quantification and chemical characterization of soil clays AN - 50149563; 1995-037413 AB - A new chemical mass balance technique has been developed for simultaneous mineralogical quantification and chemical characterization of soil clays. The procedure includes separation of the whole clay (<2 mu m fraction) into six particle size fractions (<0.02, <0.06, <0.2, 0.02-0.06, 0.06-0.2, and 0.2-2 mu m fractions), chemical analysis of the whole clay and each of the six fractions, and fitting of a non-linear chemical mass balance model to the chemical analyses. As written, the chemical mass balance model is valid only for samples containing mixtures of quartz, kaolinite, illite, and mixed-layered smectite-illite. Samples containing carbonates and free iron compounds may be analyzed using the technique if these phases are chemically removed prior to particle size fractionation. Accuracy of the new technique was tested using synthetic data and found to depend on the quality of the input data; however, clay phase quantification within three percentage points of known values was readily achieved. Precision of the technique was evaluated by independently preparing and analyzing five samples of the same soil clay. Standard deviations for clay phase percentages (w:w) in the <2 mu m fraction were all less than one percent. The new technique yields accurate determinations of chemistry for the smectitic and illitic phases in mixed-layered smectite-illite, and qualitative estimates for the chemistry of 10 Aa-illite. The elemental compositions of quartz and kaolinite are assumed a priori and treated as constants within the non-linear chemical mass balance model. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Laird, D A AU - Dowdy, R H Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 747 EP - 754 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - clay mineralogy KW - smectite KW - illite KW - simulation KW - clay minerals KW - quantitative analysis KW - sheet silicates KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - chemical composition KW - synthetic materials KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50149563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+phosphorus+fate+from+long-term+poultry+litter+applications+to+Oklahoma+soils&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J%3BBain%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical composition; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; illite; mixed-layer minerals; quantitative analysis; sheet silicates; silicates; simulation; smectite; soils; synthetic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detachment of soil by flowing water under turbulent and laminar conditions AN - 50141218; 1995-032515 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Nearing, M A AU - Parker, S C Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1612 EP - 1614 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - soil mechanics KW - northern Georgia KW - central Indiana KW - erosion KW - strength KW - slopes KW - Ultisols KW - northwestern Ohio KW - turbulence KW - Alfisols KW - Inceptisols KW - conservation KW - Indiana KW - hydrodynamics KW - laminar flow KW - Georgia KW - soil erosion KW - Ohio KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50141218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Detachment+of+soil+by+flowing+water+under+turbulent+and+laminar+conditions&rft.au=Nearing%2C+M+A%3BParker%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Nearing&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; central Indiana; conservation; erosion; Georgia; hydrodynamics; Inceptisols; Indiana; laminar flow; northern Georgia; northwestern Ohio; Ohio; slopes; soil erosion; soil mechanics; soils; strength; turbulence; Ultisols; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partitioning small scale spatial variability of runoff and erosion on sagebrush rangeland AN - 50140176; 1995-032510 JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Pierson, F B AU - Blackburn, W H AU - Van Vactor, S S AU - Wood, J C Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1081 EP - 1089 PB - American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - United States KW - sagebrush KW - Spermatophyta KW - erosion KW - rills KW - Artemisia KW - erosion features KW - vegetation KW - Dicotyledoneae KW - spatial variations KW - southwestern Idaho KW - soil erosion KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Idaho KW - Plantae KW - experimental studies KW - wind erosion KW - preventive measures KW - models KW - Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - Nancy Gulch Site KW - Angiospermae KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50140176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Partitioning+small+scale+spatial+variability+of+runoff+and+erosion+on+sagebrush+rangeland&rft.au=Pierson%2C+F+B%3BBlackburn%2C+W+H%3BVan+Vactor%2C+S+S%3BWood%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Pierson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1081&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Angiospermae; Artemisia; Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis; Dicotyledoneae; erosion; erosion features; experimental studies; hydrology; Idaho; infiltration; models; Nancy Gulch Site; Plantae; preventive measures; rills; runoff; sagebrush; soil erosion; soils; southwestern Idaho; spatial variations; Spermatophyta; United States; vegetation; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subsurface flow patterns in a riparian buffer system AN - 50130563; 1995-043840 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bosch, D D AU - Hubbard, R K AU - West, L T AU - Lowrance, R R Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1783 EP - 1790 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - wells KW - United States KW - moisture KW - buffers KW - unsaturated zone KW - observation wells KW - nonpoint sources KW - variations KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - matric potential KW - agrochemicals KW - hydrodynamics KW - horizons KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - experimental studies KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - bioremediation KW - preventive measures KW - physical properties KW - riparian environment KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Georgia KW - pore water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50130563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Subsurface+flow+patterns+in+a+riparian+buffer+system&rft.au=Bosch%2C+D+D%3BHubbard%2C+R+K%3BWest%2C+L+T%3BLowrance%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1783&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; Atlantic Coastal Plain; bioremediation; buffers; experimental studies; forests; Georgia; ground water; horizons; hydraulic conductivity; hydrodynamics; hydrology; infiltration; matric potential; migration of elements; moisture; nonpoint sources; observation wells; physical properties; pollution; pore water; preventive measures; remediation; riparian environment; runoff; soils; United States; unsaturated zone; variations; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil erosion by concentrated flow; shear stress and bulk density AN - 50127506; 1995-043839 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Ghebreiyessus, Y T AU - Gantzer, C J AU - Alberts, E E AU - Lentz, R W Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1791 EP - 1797 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - bulk density KW - hydraulic flume KW - erosion KW - shear stress KW - rills KW - flow mechanism KW - prediction KW - erosion features KW - equations KW - physical properties KW - erosion control KW - soil erosion KW - gullies KW - erodibility KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50127506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Soil+erosion+by+concentrated+flow%3B+shear+stress+and+bulk+density&rft.au=Ghebreiyessus%2C+Y+T%3BGantzer%2C+C+J%3BAlberts%2C+E+E%3BLentz%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Ghebreiyessus&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bulk density; equations; erodibility; erosion; erosion control; erosion features; flow mechanism; gullies; hydraulic flume; physical properties; prediction; rills; shear stress; soil erosion; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes AN - 50124426; 1995-043843 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Liu, B Y AU - Nearing, M A AU - Risse, L M Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1835 EP - 1840 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Loess Plateau KW - Far East KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - statistical analysis KW - physical properties KW - runoff KW - soil erosion KW - Asia KW - slope stability KW - regression analysis KW - China KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50124426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Slope+gradient+effects+on+soil+loss+for+steep+slopes&rft.au=Liu%2C+B+Y%3BNearing%2C+M+A%3BRisse%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1835&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; China; erosion; Far East; hydrology; Loess Plateau; physical properties; regression analysis; runoff; slope stability; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; Universal Soil Loss Equation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Memorial to Homer Logan, 1933-1993 AN - 50111868; 1995-060558 JF - Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Stearns, Charles E Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 557 EP - 558 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, Dallas, TX VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0004-5691, 0004-5691 KW - engineering geology KW - Logan, Homer KW - biography KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50111868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Microbial+N+and+biomass%2C+respiration+and+N+mineralization+in+soils+beneath+two+chaparral+species+along+a+fire-induced+age+gradient.&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BPoth%2C+MA%3BDunn%2C+PH%3BBarro%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - portr. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ENGEA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biography; engineering geology; Logan, Homer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a Gouy-Chapman-Stern Model for Membrane-Surface Electrical Potential to Interpret Some Features of Mineral Rhizotoxicity. AN - 1859378845; 12232433 AB - A consideration of mineral toxicity to roots only in terms of ion activities in the rooting medium can be misleading. A Gouy-Chapman-Stern model, by which relative ion activities at cell-membrane surfaces may be estimated, has been applied to problems of mineral rhizotoxicity, including the toxicity of Al3+, La3+, H+, Na+, and SeO42-, to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots. The Gouy-Chapman portion of the model is expressed in the Grahame equation, which relates the charge density ([sigma]) and electrical potential (E0) at the surface of a membrane to the concentrations of ions in a contracting bulk solution. The Stern modification of the theory takes into account changes in [sigma] caused by ion binding at the membrane surface. Several theoretical problems with the model and its use are considered, including the fact that previous authors have usually related the physiological effects of an ion at a membrane surface to the computed concentration (Ci0) of the unbound ion rather than its computed activity (ai0). This practice implies the false assumption that Ci0 is proportional to ai0. It is demonstrated here that ai0, computed from external activities (ai[infinity symbol]) by a Nernst equation [ai0 = ai[infinity symbol]exp([mdash]ZiFE0/RT), where Zi is the charge on the ion, F is the Faraday constant, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature], correlates well with ion toxicity and that Ci0 sometimes correlates poorly. These conclusions also apply to issues of mineral nutrition. JF - Plant physiology AU - Kinraide, T. B. AD - Appalachian Soil and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beckley, West Virginia 25802-0867. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1583 EP - 1592 VL - 106 IS - 4 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859378845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+Gouy-Chapman-Stern+Model+for+Membrane-Surface+Electrical+Potential+to+Interpret+Some+Features+of+Mineral+Rhizotoxicity.&rft.au=Kinraide%2C+T.+B.&rft.aulast=Kinraide&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPTC degradation by isolated soil microorganisms AN - 16009202; 4081023 AB - Microorganisms capable of degrading the herbicide EPTC (S-ethyl N,N-dipropylcarbamothioate) were isolated from three soils with and without histories of carbamothioate use. All EPTC-degrading isolates belonged to the genus Rhodococcus. All three isolates in pure culture systems degraded 50 mu g mL super(-1) of technical EPTC in as little as 14 h at low cell densities and used the molecule as a sole source of carbon and energy. Growth of the isolates in rich media led to the frequent loss of EPTC-degrading ability, although plasmids encoding for EPTC degradation could not be identified. [ super(14)C]-EPTC experiments suggested that the degradation of EPTC proceeds by initial attack at the carbonyl linkage, followed by degradation of the dipropylamine side chain. (DBO) JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - McClung, G AU - Dick, WA AU - Karns, J S AD - USDA ARS, NRI, Soil Microbial Systems Lab., Rm. 100, Bldg. 050, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 2926 EP - 2931 VL - 42 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - S-ethyl N,N-dipropylcarbamothioate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - soil microorganisms KW - A 01054:Effect of herbicides KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16009202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=EPTC+degradation+by+isolated+soil+microorganisms&rft.au=McClung%2C+G%3BDick%2C+WA%3BKarns%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=McClung&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2926&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of oxidative stress in signal transduction changes and cell loss in senescence. AN - 77715228; 7832444 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Joseph, J A AU - Cutler, R C AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. Y1 - 1994/11/17/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Nov 17 SP - 37 EP - 43 VL - 738 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Free Radicals KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - Spin Labels KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone KW - 3I91332OPG KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Nitrogen Oxides -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Neurons -- physiology KW - Brain Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Signal Transduction -- radiation effects KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Neurons -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77715228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+role+of+oxidative+stress+in+signal+transduction+changes+and+cell+loss+in+senescence.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BCutler%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-11-17&rft.volume=738&rft.issue=&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative degradation of non-phenolic lignin during lipid peroxidation by fungal manganese peroxidase. AN - 76809318; 7957943 AB - A non-phenolic lignin model dimer, 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenoxypropane-1,3-diol, was oxidized by a lipid peroxidation system that consisted of a fungal manganese peroxidase, Mn(II), and unsaturated fatty acid esters. The reaction products included 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-phenoxy-3-hydroxypropane and 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-3-hydroxypropane, indicating that substrate oxidation occurred via benzylic hydrogen abstraction. The peroxidation system depolymerized both exhaustively methylated (non-phenolic) and unmethylated (phenolic) synthetic lignins efficiently. It may therefore enable white-rot fungi to accomplish the initial delignification of wood. JF - FEBS letters AU - Bao, W AU - Fukushima, Y AU - Jensen, K A AU - Moen, M A AU - Hammel, K E AD - USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705. Y1 - 1994/11/14/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Nov 14 SP - 297 EP - 300 VL - 354 IS - 3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenoxypropane-1,3-diol KW - 0 KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Phenols KW - Propylene Glycols KW - Phenol KW - 339NCG44TV KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Lignin KW - 9005-53-2 KW - Peroxidases KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - manganese peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Molecular Structure KW - Manganese -- pharmacology KW - Phenols -- metabolism KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Propylene Glycols -- chemistry KW - Propylene Glycols -- metabolism KW - Lignin -- chemistry KW - Lignin -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Peroxidases -- metabolism KW - Basidiomycota -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76809318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+letters&rft.atitle=Oxidative+degradation+of+non-phenolic+lignin+during+lipid+peroxidation+by+fungal+manganese+peroxidase.&rft.au=Amaranthus%2C+M+P%3BTrappe%2C+J+M%3BPerry%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Amaranthus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The biochemical effects of physiologic amounts of dietary boron in animal nutrition models. AN - 85260581; pmid-7889878 AB - This review summarizes evidence that supports working hypotheses for the roles of boron in animal model systems. It is well established that vascular plants, diatoms, and some species of marine algal flagellates have acquired an absolute requirement for boron, although the primary role of boron in plants remains unknown. Recent research findings suggest that physiologic amounts of supplemental dietary boron (PSB) affect a wide range of metabolic parameters in the chick and rat model systems. Much of the current interest in boron animal nutrition began with the initial finding that PSB stimulates growth in cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)-deficient chicks, but does not markedly affect growth in chicks receiving adequate vitamin D3 nutriture. The finding suggests that boron affects some aspect of vitamin D3 metabolism or is synergistic with vitamin D3 in influencing growth. Vitamin D3 regulates energy substrate utilization, and current research findings indicate that dietary boron modifies that regulatory function. The concentration of circulating glucose, the most thoroughly investigated metabolite to date, responds to PSB, especially during concomitant vitamin D3 deficiency. In chicks, PSB substantially alleviated or corrected vitamin D3 deficiency-induced elevations in plasma glucose concentrations. The influence of vitamin D3 on cartilage and bone mineralization is mediated in part through its role as a regulator of energy substrate utilization; calcification is an energy-intensive process. There is considerable evidence that dietary boron alleviates perturbations in mineral metabolism that are characteristic of vitamin D3 deficiency. In rachitic chicks, PSB alleviated distortion of the marrow sprouts of the proximal tibial epiphysial plate, a distortion characteristic of vitamin D3 deficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hunt, C D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9034. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 35 EP - 43 VL - 102 Suppl 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Rats KW - Cholecalciferol KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Chickens KW - Nutritive Value KW - Animal KW - Bone Density KW - Homeostasis KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Boron KW - Animal Nutrition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85260581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+biochemical+effects+of+physiologic+amounts+of+dietary+boron+in+animal+nutrition+models.&rft.au=Hunt%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102+Suppl+7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of natural toxins on reproduction. AN - 77833309; 7728638 AB - Poisonous plants grow in most plant communities found on rangelands and pastures. They are one of the principal causes of economic loss to the livestock industry. One major costly effect is on reproduction, which includes birth defects, abortions, lengthened calving intervals, and interference with oogenesis, spermatogenesis, libido, and estrus. Those plants that cause wasting, temporary illness, and other such effects can adversely effect reproduction livestock. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - James, L F AU - Panter, K E AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Molyneux, R J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 587 EP - 603 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- veterinary KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- physiopathology KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- etiology KW - Sheep KW - Infertility -- physiopathology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Infertility -- etiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- physiopathology KW - Infertility -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Reproduction -- physiology KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Toxins, Biological -- poisoning KW - Plant Poisoning -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77833309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Effect+of+natural+toxins+on+reproduction.&rft.au=James%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mining in northern Canada: expanding the industry while protecting Arctic fishes--a review. AN - 77788091; 7533713 AB - Northern Canada has a long tradition of mining activity with a poor record of environmental protection. Pollution is acknowledged as the biggest issue currently facing the mining industry. The arctic and subarctic fishes of this region are very sensitive to heavy metals, trace elements, and other contaminants in mine wastes. High sensitivity, combined with an inherently low capacity for recovery, make this aquatic resource particularly vulnerable to impacts. At least 22 fish species with major commercial, recreational, or subsistence value may be affected as the mining industry expands. The number of mines in northern Canada is steadily increasing and a metals-mining boom is expected to take place during the next decade. Prudent planning based on comprehensive mine-site evaluation, biological risk assessment, and research is essential to reduce the threat of environmental damage. There are several progressive mining techniques that can help make mining compatible with sensitive northern fisheries while also maintaining the profitability and growth of the mining industry. Thus far, this technology has been used very little in northern Canada. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 229 EP - 242 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Canada KW - Arctic Regions KW - Risk Assessment KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Fishes KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77788091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+atmospheric+exposure+on+chlorophyll+a%2C+biomass+and+productivity+of+the+epilithon+of+a+tailwater+river&rft.au=Angradi%2C+T+R%3BKubly%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Angradi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.issn=08869375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary boron, brain function, and cognitive performance. AN - 77769866; 7889884 AB - Although the trace element boron has yet to be recognized as an essential nutrient for humans, recent data from animal and human studies suggest that boron may be important for mineral metabolism and membrane function. To investigate further the functional role of boron, brain electrophysiology and cognitive performance were assessed in response to dietary manipulation of boron (approximately 0.25 versus approximately 3.25 mg boron/2000 kcal/day) in three studies with healthy older men and women. Within-subject designs were used to assess functional responses in all studies. Spectral analysis of electroencephalographic data showed effects of dietary boron in two of the three studies. When the low boron intake was compared to the high intake, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the proportion of low-frequency activity, and a decrease in the proportion of higher-frequency activity, an effect often observed in response to general malnutrition and heavy metal toxicity. Performance (e.g., response time) on various cognitive and psychomotor tasks also showed an effect of dietary boron. When contrasted with the high boron intake, low dietary boron resulted in significantly poorer performance (p < 0.05) on tasks emphasizing manual dexterity (studies II and III); eye-hand coordination (study II); attention (all studies); perception (study III); encoding and short-term memory (all studies); and long-term memory (study I). Collectively, the data from these three studies indicate that boron may play a role in human brain function and cognitive performance, and provide additional evidence that boron is an essential nutrient for humans. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Penland, J G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9034. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 65 EP - 72 VL - 102 Suppl 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Borates KW - 0 KW - Gluconates KW - sodium borate KW - 91MBZ8H3QO KW - Boron KW - N9E3X5056Q KW - gluconic acid KW - R4R8J0Q44B KW - Index Medicus KW - Estrogen Replacement Therapy KW - Reference Values KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Membrane Potentials -- physiology KW - Aged KW - Electroencephalography -- drug effects KW - Borates -- administration & dosage KW - Psychomotor Performance -- physiology KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Brain Mapping KW - Cerebral Cortex -- physiology KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Gluconates -- administration & dosage KW - Attention -- physiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Membrane Potentials -- drug effects KW - Attention -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cognition -- physiology KW - Cognition -- drug effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Boron -- physiology KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Boron -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77769866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Dietary+boron%2C+brain+function%2C+and+cognitive+performance.&rft.au=Penland%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Penland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102+Suppl+7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Brain Res Bull. 1980 Jan-Feb;5(1):51-60 [6767525] Adv Vet Sci Comp Med. 1987;31:69-94 [3300205] J Am Diet Assoc. 1991 May;91(5):558-68 [2019698] Acta Paediatr Scand. 1989 Nov;78(6):873-8 [2603713] Int J Psychophysiol. 1990 Sep;9(2):121-7 [2228746] Brain Res. 1988 Dec;472(4):371-89 [3066441] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of ethylene biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum by a Trichoderma viride xylanase is correlated to the accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts. AN - 76943243; 7824643 AB - Xylanase (EIX) from the fungus Trichoderma viride elicits ethylene biosynthesis in leaf tissues of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi but not in cv Hicks. The increase in ethylene biosynthesis is accompanied by an accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), an increase in extractable ACC synthase activity, and increases in ACC synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts. Priming of increases in ACC synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts. Priming of leaves with ethylene (120 microL/L, 14 h) sensitizes the tissue, resulting in an enhanced response to EIX and increases in both the in vivo ACC oxidase activity and ACC oxidase transcript level. EIX and ethylene independently induce ACC oxidase. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by aminoethoxyvinylglycine is not accompanied by a reduction in ACC oxidase transcript level, indicating that ethylene biosynthesis is not required. In contrast to the differential induction of ethylene biosynthesis by EIX in Xanthi versus Hicks cultivars, both cultivars respond to a chemical stress (induced by CuSO4) by enhancing ethylene production. This induction is accompanied by an increase in ACC synthase transcript but not in that of ACC oxidase. JF - Plant physiology AU - Avni, A AU - Bailey, B A AU - Mattoo, A K AU - Anderson, J D AD - Weed Science Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Maryland 20705. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 1049 EP - 1055 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Ethylenes KW - Oligonucleotide Probes KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - ethylene KW - 91GW059KN7 KW - Amino Acid Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.4.- KW - 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase KW - EC 1.4.3.- KW - Xylosidases KW - EC 3.2.1.- KW - Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.32 KW - Lyases KW - EC 4.- KW - 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase KW - EC 4.4.1.14 KW - Copper Sulfate KW - LRX7AJ16DT KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Plant Leaves KW - Kinetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Xylosidases -- pharmacology KW - Ethylenes -- biosynthesis KW - Amino Acid Oxidoreductases -- biosynthesis KW - Trichoderma -- enzymology KW - Tobacco -- metabolism KW - Lyases -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76943243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+ethylene+biosynthesis+in+Nicotiana+tabacum+by+a+Trichoderma+viride+xylanase+is+correlated+to+the+accumulation+of+1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic+acid+%28ACC%29+synthase+and+ACC+oxidase+transcripts.&rft.au=Avni%2C+A%3BBailey%2C+B+A%3BMattoo%2C+A+K%3BAnderson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Avni&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Cell. 1979 Oct;18(2):485-99 [498280] Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294-9 [518835] Plant Mol Biol. 1993 Dec;23(6):1151-64 [8292780] Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jan 26;15(2):731-9 [3029690] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 15;88(16):7021-5 [1871117] Plant Cell. 1993 Apr;5(4):419-32 [8318838] Anal Biochem. 1979 Nov 15;100(1):140-5 [543532] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of zearalenone in corn, wheat, and pig feed: collaborative study. AN - 76935382; 7819759 AB - A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening method for zearalenone in corn, wheat, and feed at 500 ng/g was evaluated by 23 collaborators (22 laboratories) in an international collaborative study. Eighteen samples of spiked or naturally contaminated corn, wheat, and pig feed were prepared by the sponsoring laboratory and sent for testing with complete test kits to participating collaborators in Canada, Italy, Sweden, The Netherlands, and the United States. Test samples were extracted with methanol-water solution (70 + 30) by shaking on a wrist-action shaker for 3 min. A portion of the extract was mixed with an equal volume of zearalenone-enzyme conjugate, and the mixture was incubated with zearalenone-specific monoclonal antibodies coated onto microtiter wells. All test samples were assayed in duplicate. One of 52 (2%) blanks was reported positive. Thirty-nine of the 52 (75%) samples that were spiked at 500 ng/g were reported as positive. Forty-nine of the 51 (96%) samples with concentrations at or above 1000 ng/g were reported as positive. The overall incidence of false negatives was 6.0% and the incidence of false positives was 22.7% by the ELISA method. Only one (3.4%) false negative was reported for samples containing > or = 800 ng/g. In the spectrophotometric method, 8 collaborators determined approximate levels of zearalenone in test samples from standard curves constructed from spiked extracts (0-3000 ng/g of each commodity tested). This method gave and overall incidence of false negatives of 5.7% and false positives of 17.8%. Average relative standard deviations, RSDr (repeatability) and RSDR (reproducibility), were 11.6 and 25.1% for spiked samples and 11.7 and 33.1% for naturally contaminated samples, respectively. Standard curves were constructed with each set of samples assayed. Comparison of absorbance values from these standard curves indicate the performance of reagents and antibody used in the assay. The ELISA method has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL as a screening method for zearalenone at > or = 800 ng/g in corn, wheat, and pig feed. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Bennett, G A AU - Nelsen, T C AU - Miller, B M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604. PY - 1994 SP - 1500 EP - 1509 VL - 77 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Spectrophotometry KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Zearalenone -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76935382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+atrazine+on+soil+clay+components&rft.au=Laird%2C+David+A%3BBerry%2C+W+Richard&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stereo photo estimates of Okushiri tsunami runup AN - 52811017; 1996-068494 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Gonzalez, F I AU - Ballerini, M AU - Reutebuch, S E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 357 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 75 IS - 44, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - tsunamis KW - shore features KW - Okushiri Island KW - Far East KW - geologic hazards KW - ocean waves KW - shorelines KW - Asia KW - photography KW - Japan KW - Hokkaido KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52811017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Stereo+photo+estimates+of+Okushiri+tsunami+runup&rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+F+I%3BBallerini%2C+M%3BReutebuch%2C+S+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=44%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1994 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; Far East; geologic hazards; Hokkaido; Japan; ocean waves; Okushiri Island; photography; shore features; shorelines; tsunamis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A partitioned solution procedure for water flow and solute transport in a dual-porosity medium AN - 52778268; 1997-002890 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Sciortino, A AU - Tseng, P H AU - van Genuchten, M T AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 235 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 75 IS - 44, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - solute transport KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - equations KW - porosity KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - partitioning KW - saturated zone KW - mathematical methods KW - water regimes KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52778268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=A+partitioned+solution+procedure+for+water+flow+and+solute+transport+in+a+dual-porosity+medium&rft.au=Sciortino%2C+A%3BTseng%2C+P+H%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+M+T%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Sciortino&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=44%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1994 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; equations; ground water; mathematical methods; models; partitioning; pollutants; pollution; porosity; porous materials; saturated zone; solute transport; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subsidence and rock creep in a cross-valley fill AN - 51061483; 1995-038438 JF - Environmental Geology (Berlin) AU - Sidle, R C AU - Farmer, E E AU - Williams, B D Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 159 EP - 165 PB - Springer International, Berlin VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - mining KW - pressure KW - geologic hazards KW - drainage patterns KW - stability KW - phosphates KW - land subsidence KW - displacements KW - cut-and-fill mining KW - water pressure KW - creep KW - sediments KW - industrial waste KW - waste disposal KW - pore water KW - faults KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51061483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology+%28Berlin%29&rft.atitle=Subsidence+and+rock+creep+in+a+cross-valley+fill&rft.au=Sidle%2C+R+C%3BFarmer%2C+E+E%3BWilliams%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Sidle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geology+%28Berlin%29&rft.issn=09430105&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/1432-0495/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - creep; cut-and-fill mining; displacements; drainage patterns; faults; geologic hazards; industrial waste; land subsidence; mining; phosphates; pore water; pressure; sediments; stability; waste disposal; water pressure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Uptake of Aluminum into Cells of Intact Soybean Root Tips (A Microanalytical Study Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry). AN - 1859378849; 12232392 AB - A wide range of physiological disorders has been reported within the first few hours of exposing intact plant roots to moderate levels of Al3+. Past microanalytic studies, largely limited to electron probe x-ray microanalysis, have been unable to detect intracellular Al in this time frame. This has led to the suggestion that Al exerts its effect solely from extracellular or remote tissue sites. Here, freeze-dried cryosections (10 [mu]m thick) collected from the soybean (Glycine max) primary root tip (0.3-0.8 mm from the apex) were analyzed using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The high sensitivity of SIMS for Al permitted the first direct evidence of early entry of Al into root cells. Al was found in cells of the root tip after a 30-min exposure of intact roots to 38 [mu]M Al3+. The accumulation of Al was greatest in the first 30 [mu]m, i.e. two to three cell layers, but elevated Al levels extended at least 150 [mu]m inward from the root edge. Intracellular Al concentrations at the root periphery were estimated to be about 70 nmol g-1 fresh weight. After 18 h of exposure, Al was evident throughout the root cross-section, although the rate of accumulation had slowed considerably from that during the initial 30 min. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that early effects of Al toxicity at the root apex, such as those on cell division, cell extension, or nutrient transport, involve the direct intervention of Al on cell function. JF - Plant physiology AU - Lazof, D. B. AU - Goldsmith, J. G. AU - Rufty, T. W. AU - Linton, R. W. AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 1168, Oxford, North Carolina 27565. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 1107 EP - 1114 VL - 106 IS - 3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859378849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+Uptake+of+Aluminum+into+Cells+of+Intact+Soybean+Root+Tips+%28A+Microanalytical+Study+Using+Secondary+Ion+Mass+Spectrometry%29.&rft.au=Lazof%2C+D.+B.%3BGoldsmith%2C+J.+G.%3BRufty%2C+T.+W.%3BLinton%2C+R.+W.&rft.aulast=Lazof&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal decomposition of the rubber vulcanization agent, zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate, and its potential role in nitrosamine formation in hams processed in elastic nettings AN - 15991178; 4072934 AB - The thermal decomposition of zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (ZnDBzDTC), a compound used in the formulation of rubber and a possible precursor for N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA), was studied by a variety of thermal and spectroscopic techniques. At 326 degree C, the decomposition temperature of the dithiocarbamate, carbon disulfide and dibenzylamine were the principal products formed. Smaller amounts of toluene, benzyl isothiocyanate, N,N,N'-tribenzylthiourea, and benzylbenzylidene were identified. The amount of dibenzylamine (DBzA) formed by the thermal decomposition of ZnDBzDTC may have a limited role in the formation of NDBzA in hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. The thermal conditions used in the smokehouse are significantly lower than the decomposition temperature of purified ZnDBzDTC (DBO). JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Helmick, J S AU - Fiddler, W AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA. Philadelphia, PA 19118 Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - Nov 1994 SP - 2541 EP - 2544 VL - 42 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate KW - nitrosamines KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - ham KW - pork KW - meat KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24200:Nitrosamines & related compounds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15991178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Thermal+decomposition+of+the+rubber+vulcanization+agent%2C+zinc+dibenzyldithiocarbamate%2C+and+its+potential+role+in+nitrosamine+formation+in+hams+processed+in+elastic+nettings&rft.au=Helmick%2C+J+S%3BFiddler%2C+W&rft.aulast=Helmick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - meat; pork; ham ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum alpha-mannosidase activity and the clinicopathologic alterations of locoweed (Astragalus mollissimus) intoxication in range cattle. AN - 77755475; 7858027 AB - Subclinical intoxication of livestock with Astragalus and Oxytropis species (locoweeds) results in decreased animal feed conversion, reduced weight gains, and reproductive failure. Sensitive diagnostic methods to definitively diagnose and monitor intoxication are needed to minimize these losses and better manage locoweed-infested pastures and rangelands. Sera from cattle grazing locoweed were evaluated for alpha-mannosidase activity, serum biochemical values, electrolytes, and thyroid hormone concentrations. As the cows began to ingest locoweed, the mean serum alpha-mannosidase activities dropped significantly (400.0 microM to 72.5 microM). Changes in other serum chemistry values were less specific; however, individual animals (generally those ingesting more locoweed) had elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, with decreased serum total protein (5.8 +/- 0.8 g/dl) and albumin (2.3 +/- 0.3 g/dl). Mean serum thyroid concentrations (both T4 and T3) were lower in animals that were ingesting locoweed. The calculated swainsonine dose correlated statistically with serum alpha-mannosidase activity, ALP, albumin, Cl, CO2, and thyroid hormone T3. This correlation suggests that serum alpha-mannosidase activity along with potential changes in ALP, albumin, and thyroid hormone concentrations is a sensitive indicator of locoweed exposure and intoxication. These parameters may also be useful for monitoring intoxication and allowing subclinically affected cattle to be removed from infested areas before irreversible damage occurs. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Gardner, D R AU - Molyneux, R J AU - James, L F AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 473 EP - 479 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Mannosidases KW - EC 3.2.1.- KW - alpha-Mannosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.24 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Female KW - Plant Poisoning -- pathology KW - Cattle Diseases -- blood KW - Plant Poisoning -- blood KW - Cattle Diseases -- pathology KW - Mannosidases -- blood KW - Plant Poisoning -- enzymology KW - Cattle Diseases -- enzymology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77755475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Serum+alpha-mannosidase+activity+and+the+clinicopathologic+alterations+of+locoweed+%28Astragalus+mollissimus%29+intoxication+in+range+cattle.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BJames%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response to various amounts of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal metabolism in cattle. AN - 77726237; 7836596 AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract stimulated or inhibited ruminal fermentation when fed at higher than recommended doses (3 g/d). Four dietary treatments of A. oryzae fermentation extract were fed daily to six cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. For each of four periods, bromegrass hay (6% CP) with and without extract was fed for 28 d. Dacron bags containing bromegrass cell walls were ruminally incubated to determine ruminal fiber degradation. The A. oryzae fermentation extract did not affect degradation of cell walls, cellulose, or hemicellulose. Total ruminal anaerobic or cellulolytic bacteria were not different among treatments; neither were the proportions of cellulolytic species, Butyrivibrio sp., Ruminococcus albus, or Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Ruminal ammonia was not different; however, total VFA were higher, and pH tended to be lower, when 27 g/d of A. oryzae fermentation extract was fed. The proportion of VFA was not different among treatments. The A. oryzae fermentation extract fed at nine times the recommended dosage did not produce any stimulatory effects, except for total VFA, and was not inhibitory or toxic to ruminal metabolism and forage fiber degradation. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Varel, V H AU - Kreikemeier, K K AD - US Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, NE 68933. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 3081 EP - 3086 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile KW - 0 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gram-Positive Cocci -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Ammonia -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Female KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile -- metabolism KW - Fermentation KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Rumen -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus oryzae -- metabolism KW - Poaceae -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77726237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Response+to+various+amounts+of+Aspergillus+oryzae+fermentation+extract+on+ruminal+metabolism+in+cattle.&rft.au=Varel%2C+V+H%3BKreikemeier%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Varel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3081&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.issn=05551099&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chronic ingestion of tarbush (Flourensia cernua) on ewe lambs. AN - 77706676; 7839564 AB - Efforts to increase livestock utilization of tarbush are being coupled with studies to examine tarbush toxicity. Thirty-eight (19/treatment) ewe lambs were assigned at birth to receive either tarbush or alfalfa (15%, dry matter basis) in a sorghum-based growing ration. Lambs were pen-fed this diet 60 d pre-weaning and 60 d post-weaning. No differences existed between treatments in feed consumption. In the tarbush group, 1 lamb died of unknown causes at 90 d of age, while 3 lambs died between 115 and 120 d of age. There were no deaths in the alfalfa group. Shortly before death, lambs fed tarbush appeared lethargic, disoriented and anorectic. At 122 d of age, 5 lambs were randomly selected from each group. Feces and jugular blood samples were obtained from each lamb before being euthanized and necropsied the following day. All fecal samples were negative for occult blood. Serum gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase (P < 0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.001) activities and platelet counts (P < 0.05) were elevated in lambs fed tarbush, while serum calcium concentrations tended (P < 0.10) to be greater. Histologic examination revealed diffuse liver apoptosis in lambs fed tarbush. These data indicate tarbush leaves cause liver damage when fed for extended periods of time. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Fredrickson, E AU - Thilsted, J AU - Estell, R AU - Havstad, K AD - USDA-ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 409 EP - 415 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Occult Blood KW - Apoptosis KW - Urinary Calculi -- etiology KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Random Allocation KW - Sheep KW - Urinary Calculi -- chemistry KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Eating KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Urinary Calculi -- veterinary KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Biomarkers -- blood KW - Medicago sativa -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Sheep Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77706676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.atitle=Fungal+tremorgens&rft.au=Cole%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.issn=05551099&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatty acid biosynthesis in novel ufa mutants of Neurospora crassa. AN - 76894775; 8000539 AB - New mutants of Neurospora crassa having the ufa phenotype have been isolated. Two of these mutants, like previously identified ufa mutants, require an unsaturated fatty acid for growth and are almost completely blocked in the de novo synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. The new mutations map to a different chromosomal location than previously characterized ufa mutations. This implies that at least one additional genetic locus controls the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in Neurospora. JF - Microbiology (Reading, England) AU - Goodrich-Tanrikulu, M AU - Stafford, A E AU - Lin, J T AU - Makapugay, M I AU - Fuller, G AU - McKeon, T A AD - United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 2683 EP - 2690 VL - 140 ( Pt 10) SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - UFA KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography KW - Mutagenesis KW - Neurospora crassa -- isolation & purification KW - Neurospora crassa -- genetics KW - Fatty Acids -- biosynthesis KW - Neurospora crassa -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76894775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Fatty+acid+biosynthesis+in+novel+ufa+mutants+of+Neurospora+crassa.&rft.au=Goodrich-Tanrikulu%2C+M%3BStafford%2C+A+E%3BLin%2C+J+T%3BMakapugay%2C+M+I%3BFuller%2C+G%3BMcKeon%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Goodrich-Tanrikulu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=140+%28+Pt+10%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology+%28Reading%2C+England%29&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-20 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - UFA N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caffeine and bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. AN - 76721944; 8092093 AB - The effects of caffeine consumption on rates of change in bone mineral density (BMD) were examined in 205 healthy, nonsmoking, postmenopausal women. BMD of the spine and total body were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and dietary intakes by food-frequency questionnaire. Among women with calcium intakes above the median (744 mg/d), 1-y rates of bone change--adjusted for years since menopause, body mass index, physical activity, and baseline BMD--did not differ by caffeine intake. However, among women consuming less calcium, those with the highest caffeine intakes (> 450 mg/d) had significantly more bone loss (ANCOVA, P < 0.05) than did women consuming less caffeine (0-171 and 182-419 mg/d). Percent change in BMD by lowest to highest tertile of caffeine consumption was 0.26 +/- 2.74, 0.70 +/- 2.70, and -1.36 +/- 2.70 at the spine and -0.19 +/- 1.24, 0.23 +/- 1.23, and -0.68 +/- 1.25 at the total body. Daily consumption of caffeine in amounts equal to or greater than that obtained from about two to three servings of brewed coffee may accelerate bone loss from the spine and total body in women with calcium intakes below the recommended dietary allowance of 800 mg. JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition AU - Harris, S S AU - Dawson-Hughes, B AD - Calcium and Bone Metabolism Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 573 EP - 578 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Coffee KW - 0 KW - Tea KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Magnesium -- administration & dosage KW - Spine KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Bone Density KW - Calcium -- administration & dosage KW - Middle Aged KW - Calcium -- urine KW - Female KW - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal -- chemically induced KW - Caffeine -- administration & dosage KW - Caffeine -- adverse effects KW - Postmenopause -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76721944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Caffeine+and+bone+loss+in+healthy+postmenopausal+women.&rft.au=Harris%2C+S+S%3BDawson-Hughes%2C+B&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Neem Leaf Volatiles on Submerged Cultures of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus. AN - 733449713; 16349404 AB - Microbe-free compressed air was passed continuously for a 3-day test period through an enclosed system containing fresh neem leaves; the resultant emitted volatiles were passed over the surface of submerged liquid cultures of a wild-type aflatoxigenic isolate of Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin determinations for the fungal culture that received neem-derived volatiles, after a 3-day incubation period, resulted in a 90% overall reduction in aflatoxin production and a 51% reduction in fungal biomass when compared with cultures that did not receive neem volatiles. In a separate experiment but in a similarly enclosed system, volatiles from fresh neem leaves were collected on a small Tenax column and were thermally desorbed and cryogenically focused on a capillary gas chromatography column. The neem volatiles were subsequently separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-eight compounds were identified by comparison of retention times and mass spectra with either authentic compounds or spectra from a computer-assisted library database of mass spectra. It was found that 10% of the total headspace volatiles were composed of C(3) to C(9) alkenals, which are toxic to aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp., which could explain the bioactivity that resulted in reduced biomass in the neem-treated cultures. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Zeringue, H J AU - Bhatnagar, D AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 3543 EP - 3547 VL - 60 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733449713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Neem+Leaf+Volatiles+on+Submerged+Cultures+of+Aflatoxigenic+Aspergillus+parasiticus.&rft.au=Zeringue%2C+H+J%3BBhatnagar%2C+D&rft.aulast=Zeringue&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date created - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Aug;57(8):2433-4 [1768117] Toxicon. 1990;28(4):445-8 [2112274] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jan;60(1):106-10 [16349144] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Sep;78(9):5445-9 [6795633] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reclamation of saltwater-contaminated soil in Big Lake Field AN - 52693683; 1997-056351 JF - Transactions - Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies AU - Weathers, Michael L AU - Moore, Kenneth R AU - Ford, Donald L AU - Curlee, Charles K A2 - Major, R. P. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 737 EP - 743 PB - Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, New Orleans, LA VL - 44 SN - 0533-6562, 0533-6562 KW - United States KW - Big Lake Field KW - petroleum KW - exploitation KW - vegetation KW - salt water KW - production KW - oil and gas fields KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - fluid injection KW - sedimentary rocks KW - percolation KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - Reagan County Texas KW - rainfall KW - pollutants KW - drainage KW - pollution KW - Texas KW - evaporites KW - evaporation KW - saturation KW - salt KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52693683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+-+Gulf+Coast+Association+of+Geological+Societies&rft.atitle=Reclamation+of+saltwater-contaminated+soil+in+Big+Lake+Field&rft.au=Weathers%2C+Michael+L%3BMoore%2C+Kenneth+R%3BFord%2C+Donald+L%3BCurlee%2C+Charles+K&rft.aulast=Weathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+-+Gulf+Coast+Association+of+Geological+Societies&rft.issn=05336562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Forty-fourth annual convention of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, American Association of Petroleum Geologists and the Forty-first annual convention of the Gulf Coast Section of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - LA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - TGCGA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Big Lake Field; chemically precipitated rocks; drainage; evaporation; evaporites; exploitation; fluid injection; ground water; hydrology; oil and gas fields; percolation; petroleum; pollutants; pollution; production; rainfall; Reagan County Texas; remediation; salt; salt water; saturation; sedimentary rocks; soils; Texas; United States; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State Soil Geographic Data Base (STATSGO) provides an inventory of Maine soils AN - 51060257; 1996-015555 JF - The Maine Geologist AU - Kalloch, Norman R AU - Hodgman, Lindsay Hall Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 EP - unpaginated PB - Geological Society of Maine, Brunswick, ME VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0270-8345, 0270-8345 KW - United States KW - soils KW - bedrock KW - cartography KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - depth KW - ground water KW - water table KW - provenance KW - physical properties KW - geographic information systems KW - digital cartography KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - waste disposal KW - Maine KW - digitization KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51060257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Maine+Geologist&rft.atitle=State+Soil+Geographic+Data+Base+%28STATSGO%29+provides+an+inventory+of+Maine+soils&rft.au=Kalloch%2C+Norman+R%3BHodgman%2C+Lindsay+Hall&rft.aulast=Kalloch&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Maine+Geologist&rft.issn=02708345&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.gsmmaine.org/newsletter_archive/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - ME N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedrock; cartography; data bases; data processing; depth; digital cartography; digitization; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; Maine; mapping; physical properties; provenance; soils; United States; waste disposal; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in wetlands on nonfederal rural land of the conterminous United States from 1982 to 1987 AN - 50210853; 1994-049095 JF - Environmental Management (New York) AU - Brady, Stephen J AU - Flather, Curtis H Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 693 EP - 705 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - United States KW - Quaternary KW - human activity KW - agriculture KW - urbanization KW - Holocene KW - changes of level KW - modern KW - Cenozoic KW - natural resources KW - wetlands KW - preservation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50210853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management+%28New+York%29&rft.atitle=Changes+in+wetlands+on+nonfederal+rural+land+of+the+conterminous+United+States+from+1982+to+1987&rft.au=Brady%2C+Stephen+J%3BFlather%2C+Curtis+H&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management+%28New+York%29&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ENMGDE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Cenozoic; changes of level; Holocene; human activity; modern; natural resources; preservation; Quaternary; United States; urbanization; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The I (sub X) E (sub A) index as an alternative to the E (sub I) (sub 30) erosivity index AN - 50142627; 1995-043170 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Kinnell, P I A AU - McGregor, K C AU - Rosewell, C J Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 1449 EP - 1456 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - United States KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - Vertisols KW - erosion rates KW - erosion features KW - sediments KW - Australia KW - soil erosion KW - discharge KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - Australasia KW - rainfall KW - Mississippi KW - prediction KW - New South Wales Australia KW - Holly Springs Mississippi KW - erosivity indices KW - models KW - physical properties KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - erodibility KW - Gunnedah Basin KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50142627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+I+%28sub+X%29+E+%28sub+A%29+index+as+an+alternative+to+the+E+%28sub+I%29+%28sub+30%29+erosivity+index&rft.au=Kinnell%2C+P+I+A%3BMcGregor%2C+K+C%3BRosewell%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Kinnell&rft.aufirst=P+I&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australasia; Australia; discharge; erodibility; erosion; erosion features; erosion rates; erosivity indices; experimental studies; Gunnedah Basin; Holly Springs Mississippi; hydrology; infiltration; Mississippi; models; New South Wales Australia; physical properties; prediction; rainfall; runoff; sediments; soil erosion; soils; United States; Universal Soil Loss Equation; Vertisols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface residue effects on soil erosion from ridges of different soils and formation AN - 50139160; 1995-043172 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Brown, L C AU - Norton, L D Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 1515 EP - 1524 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - erosion KW - rills KW - rainfall KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - prediction KW - erosion rates KW - erosion features KW - simulation KW - models KW - physical properties KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - sediments KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - discharge KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50139160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Surface+residue+effects+on+soil+erosion+from+ridges+of+different+soils+and+formation&rft.au=Brown%2C+L+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 53 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - discharge; erodibility; erosion; erosion features; erosion rates; experimental studies; hydrology; infiltration; models; physical properties; prediction; rainfall; rills; runoff; sediments; simulation; soil erosion; soils; tillage; Universal Soil Loss Equation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A deterministic headcut advance model AN - 50137591; 1995-043168 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Robinson, K M AU - Hanson, G J Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 1437 EP - 1443 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - headcut advance KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - stress KW - prediction KW - mathematical models KW - spillways KW - erosion rates KW - erosion features KW - equations KW - models KW - mass movements KW - floods KW - risk assessment KW - soil erosion KW - gullies KW - slope stability KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50137591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=A+deterministic+headcut+advance+model&rft.au=Robinson%2C+K+M%3BHanson%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - equations; erosion; erosion features; erosion rates; floods; geologic hazards; gullies; headcut advance; mass movements; mathematical models; models; prediction; risk assessment; slope stability; soil erosion; soils; spillways; stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arthritis and foodborne bacteria AN - 16086235; 4112016 AB - Diarrheic episodes caused by the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella or Yersinia may lead to a sterile arthritis such as reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome or ankylosing spondylitis. Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis have been shown to be sequelae in a few well-studied bacterial food poisoning outbreaks. Reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis show strong familial association related to the gene for HLA-B27 (HLA = human leucocyte antigen) antigen. Why HLA-B27-positive individuals are more susceptible to arthritis is not known, but molecular mimicry between the HLA-B27 antigen and antigens of triggering bacteria has been demonstrated and this mimicry has been proposed as a mechanism involved in etiology of the arthritides. Antigens from bacteria that triggered the arthritis are present in arthritic joints but bacterial cells are not found. Antibodies and T-cells specific for the triggering bacteria have been demonstrated in arthritic patients. T-cells present in synovial joints respond specifically to the particular arthritic triggering pathogen. The cells that respond to bacterial antigens belong to the T-cell subset T sub(H)1 that secrete a limited number of cytokines but it is not known if cytokines are involved in arthritis. A few studies have demonstrated that T-cells from the joints of arthritic patients respond to both bacterial and human heat shock proteins indicating that autoimmunity may be involved in causation of arthritis. While only about 2% of a population exposed to a triggering infection will acquire arthritis, these individuals undergo pain and suffering as well as economic hardships as a result of their disease. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Smith, J L AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 935 EP - 941 VL - 57 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - arthritis KW - Campylobacter KW - Shigella KW - food-borne diseases KW - Salmonella KW - Yersinia KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16086235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Arthritis+and+foodborne+bacteria&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yersinia; Shigella; Salmonella; Campylobacter; arthritis; food-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin B1 reduces Na(+)-P(i) co-transport in proximal renal epithelium: studies in opossum kidney (OK) cells. AN - 76779651; 7940571 AB - In vivo studies indicate that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) may affect the renal regulation of inorganic phosphate (P(i)), possibly by altering the renal response to parathyroid hormone (PTH). Therefore, the present study utilized opossum kidney (OK) cells, a mammalian renal epithelial cell line, to determine whether AFB1 exposure alters sodium-phosphate (Na(+)-P(i)) co-transport and the hormonal modulation thereof. OK cells are an established renal cell line with many properties analogous to the proximal renal epithelium, including receptors for PTH, insulin, and high levels of Na(+)-P(i) co-transport. PTH and insulin have been shown to decrease and increase Na(+)-P(i) co-transport, respectively, in OK cells. In the present study, AFB1-treated cells responded to PTH; however, AFB1 exposure decreased Na(+)-P(i) uptake such that additional decreases in Na(+)-P(i) uptake in response to PTH were minimal. In the presence of insulin, AFB1-treated cells were only able to increase Na(+)-P(i) uptake to levels 30% below that of control cells. The net result was that the range of the proximal renal epithelium to adjust Na(+)-P(i) co-transport in response to hormonal modulation was reduced by AFB1 exposure. Sodium-dependent L-alanine uptake was measured and was found not to be affected by the highest concentration of AFB1; thus, indicating that AFB1 exposure may have specific effects on Na(+)-P(i) uptake and does not generally inhibit Na(+)-dependent transport. These observations are evidence that AFB1 exposure may alter key elements of renal function. Such effects raise concern that AFB1 exposure may have broad physiological impact in addition to its known carcinogenic properties. JF - Toxicology AU - Glahn, R P AU - Van Campen, D AU - Dousa, T P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Y1 - 1994/09/06/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Sep 06 SP - 91 EP - 100 VL - 92 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - Insulin KW - Parathyroid Hormone KW - Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins KW - Symporters KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Alanine KW - OF5P57N2ZX KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Alanine -- metabolism KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Opossums KW - Parathyroid Hormone -- physiology KW - Kidney Tubules, Proximal -- metabolism KW - Insulin -- physiology KW - Carrier Proteins -- drug effects KW - Kidney Tubules, Proximal -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity KW - Sodium -- metabolism KW - Kidney Tubules, Proximal -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76779651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+sugarcane+relatives+injected+with+Ustilago+scitaminea&rft.au=Burner%2C+D+M%3BGrisham%2C+M+P%3BLegendre%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Burner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined toxicity of T-2 toxin and cyclopiazonic acid in broiler chicks. AN - 76904693; 7800637 AB - The effects of feeding 6 mg T-2 toxin (T-2) and 34 mg cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)/kg of diet singly and in combination were characterized in male broiler chicks from 1 d to 3 wk of age. Body weights were depressed by T-2, CPA, and the combination of T-2 and CPA. There was a significant synergistic interaction between T-2 and CPA for relative liver and kidney weights and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and a significant interaction between T-2 and CPA for 3-wk body weights and relative bursa of Fabricius weights, which were less than additive. Neither the efficiency of feed utilization nor mortality was affected by dietary treatments. Oral lesions were present in a majority of the chicks fed diets containing T-2 with or without CPA. When compared with controls, other variables measured exhibited additive or less than additive toxicity. These data demonstrate that T-2 and CPA alone and in combination can cause reduced performance and adversely affect broiler health. The effects of these mycotoxins may be exacerbated by other factors when under field conditions; hence, the potential detrimental effects of these two mycotoxins when present alone or in combination cannot be dismissed. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Smith, E E AU - Gentles, A AU - Harvey, R B AU - Edrington, T S AU - Phillips, T D AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 1390 EP - 1397 VL - 73 IS - 9 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Indoles KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - cyclopiazonic acid KW - X9TLY4580Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Animals KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mouth Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - T-2 Toxin -- poisoning KW - T-2 Toxin -- administration & dosage KW - Chickens KW - Indoles -- poisoning KW - Indoles -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76904693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+toxicity+of+T-2+toxin+and+cyclopiazonic+acid+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BSmith%2C+E+E%3BGentles%2C+A%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Future directions for establishing mineral/trace element requirements. AN - 76711215; 8089746 AB - The amount of an element needed to prevent frank deficiency may not be sufficient to support optimal nutrition, but amounts to support optimal nutrition have not been established. Minerals and trace elements are toxic in excess and the interval between the required and toxic amount of some elements is narrow. Thus, lower and upper limits of an optimal range must be established. Before establishing dietary recommendations to support optimal nutriture for minerals, we need (1) sensitive and reliable methods for assessing status of most elements and (2) a better understanding of the influence of nutrient and non-nutrient components of diets upon requirements. Functions such as immune function, anti-oxidant status, muscle strength, glucose metabolism, and blood clotting can be affected by inadequate or excessive amounts of an element and may be more sensitive than specific status indices. Since such functions are not specific, studies must be designed so that a cause and effect relationship between the mineral and the functional index can be established. Two approaches to mineral status assessment may be both sensitive and specific: (1) tests of metalloenzyme function and (2) tracer studies using stable isotopes of minerals. Not only can stable isotopes be used to follow the metabolic fate of a mineral without exposure to radioactivity, they can be used in conjunction with compartmental modeling to predict kinetics and pool sizes in tissues not accessible in humans. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Turnlund, J R AD - USDA/ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94129. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 1765S EP - 1770S VL - 124 IS - 9 Suppl SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Trace Elements KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Humans KW - Absorption KW - Diet KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Trace Elements -- administration & dosage KW - Trace Elements -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76711215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Future+directions+for+establishing+mineral%2Ftrace+element+requirements.&rft.au=Turnlund%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Turnlund&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=9+Suppl&rft.spage=1765S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reclamation of saltwater-contaminated soil in the Big Lake Field AN - 50211591; 1994-049662 JF - AAPG Bulletin AU - Weathers, Michael L AU - Moore, Kenneth R AU - Ford, Donald L AU - Curlee, Charles K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 1481 PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK VL - 78 IS - 9 SN - 0149-1423, 0149-1423 KW - wells KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Reagan County Texas KW - waste water KW - reclamation KW - drainage KW - Big Lake Field KW - injection KW - pollution KW - fresh water KW - Texas KW - salt water KW - oil and gas fields KW - topography KW - percolation KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - discharge KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50211591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Reclamation+of+saltwater-contaminated+soil+in+the+Big+Lake+Field&rft.au=Weathers%2C+Michael+L%3BMoore%2C+Kenneth+R%3BFord%2C+Donald+L%3BCurlee%2C+Charles+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Weathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.issn=01491423&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aapgbull.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies and Gulf Coast Section of SEPM meeting (AAPG Gulf Coast Section) N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AABUD2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Big Lake Field; discharge; drainage; fresh water; hydrology; injection; leaching; oil and gas fields; percolation; pollution; Reagan County Texas; reclamation; salt water; soils; Texas; topography; United States; waste disposal; waste water; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil enzyme activities after 1500 years of terrace agriculture in the Colca Valley, Peru AN - 50173179; 1995-020303 JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Dick, R P AU - Sandor, J A AU - Eash, N S Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 123 EP - 131 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - fertilizers KW - organic residues KW - ecosystems KW - enzymes KW - guano KW - Majes River KW - Western Cordillera KW - sediments KW - Colca Valley KW - Central Andes KW - Peru KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - concentration KW - Andes KW - pollutants KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - phosphorus KW - South America KW - physical properties KW - organic compounds KW - Arequipa Peru KW - tillage KW - proteins KW - Mollisols KW - land use KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50173179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Soil+enzyme+activities+after+1500+years+of+terrace+agriculture+in+the+Colca+Valley%2C+Peru&rft.au=Dick%2C+R+P%3BSandor%2C+J+A%3BEash%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01678809 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Andes; Arequipa Peru; Central Andes; Colca Valley; concentration; ecosystems; enzymes; fertilizers; guano; land use; Majes River; Mollisols; organic compounds; organic materials; organic residues; Peru; phosphorus; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; proteins; sediments; soil management; soils; South America; tillage; Western Cordillera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions of cattle vaccinated with mutant strains of Brucella abortus, using brucellins prepared from various brucellar strains AN - 15812275; 4000483 AB - Cutaneous reactivity to brucellin was evaluated in 10-month-old heifers vaccinated with low-virulence mutant strains of Brucella abortus and was compared with brucellin reactions in postparturient cows with active brucellosis. In the cows, the cutaneous lesion was characterized microscopically as severe, acute, serofibrinous vasculitis; dermal lesions at 6, 12, 25, and 48 hours after brucellin injection consisted of endothelial activation and perivascular exudation that led to progressive accumulation of fibrin, monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes. In vaccinated heifers, cutaneous tests were done, using standard brucellin, brucellin prepared from strain RB51, and the purified brucellar proteins-31K and superoxide dismutase. Negative-control cattle given saline solution, did not have cutaneous reactions. Standard brucellin induced the most marked reactions in vaccinated heifers. Brucellin from rough strain RB51 caused positive reactions in heifers vaccinated with strain 19, but reactions were variable in other groups. Skin lesions induced by purified superoxide dismutase and 31-kd proteins in vaccinated cattle were not acceptable for diagnosis. Marked variability of test responses in vaccinated cattle precludes field use of this test to determine vaccination status. (DBO) JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - Cheville, N F AU - Jensen, A E AU - Morfitt, D C AU - Stabel, T J AD - Brucellosis Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 1261 EP - 1266 VL - 55 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - brucellins KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Brucella abortus KW - hypersensitivity (delayed) KW - vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15812275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Cutaneous+delayed+hypersensitivity+reactions+of+cattle+vaccinated+with+mutant+strains+of+Brucella+abortus%2C+using+brucellins+prepared+from+various+brucellar+strains&rft.au=Cheville%2C+N+F%3BJensen%2C+A+E%3BMorfitt%2C+D+C%3BStabel%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Cheville&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; vaccination; hypersensitivity (delayed) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicides inhibiting acetyl-CoA carboxylase. AN - 76940509; 7821649 JF - Biochemical Society transactions AU - Gronwald, J W AD - Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 616 EP - 621 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0300-5127, 0300-5127 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase KW - EC 6.4.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Poaceae -- drug effects KW - Poaceae -- enzymology KW - Binding Sites KW - Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Herbicides -- classification KW - Herbicides -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76940509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Discula+destructiva+and+other+fungi+from+seeds+of+dogwood+trees&rft.au=Britton%2C+KO%3BRoncadori%2C+R+W%3BHendrix%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=KO&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1026&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium kinetics, placental transfer, and neonatal exposure in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). AN - 76901934; 7801302 AB - Forty pregnant cynomolgus macaques were treated daily from gestational day 20 to 50 by nasogastric intubation of 0, 25, 150, or 300 micrograms selenium as L-selenomethionine/kg body weight. In each group, 7-8 pregnancies were terminated by hysterotomy at gestational day 100 +/- 2 and the fetuses were examined, while 2-3 pregnancies in each group were allowed to proceed to term. Selenium and soluble glutathione peroxidase were measured in: maternal, neonatal, and fetal plasma and erythrocytes; fetal kidney, liver, muscle, and placenta; and maternal breast milk. The area under the multidose maternal plasma selenium concentration:time curve, the maximum maternal plasma selenium concentration, and the maternal urinary selenium excretion rates were proportional to the L-selenomethionine dose. Selenium concentrations in all fetal and neonatal, tissues were also proportional to maternal L-selenomethionine dose. Glutathione peroxidase was affected only in maternal erythrocytes, fetal kidney, and neonatal plasma. The selenium concentration in fetal plasma was an average 33% of that in maternal plasma. Although selenium concentrations in macaque milk were doubled by the highest dose, intrauterine selenium accumulation accounted for the majority of the neonatal selenium body burden. Despite the elevated selenium concentrations in fetal tissues, neonatal blood, and milk, no deleterious effects on neonates were observed. These results suggest that primate fetuses are well protected against selenium toxicity arising from high maternal L-selenomethionine intakes. JF - Teratology AU - Hawkes, W C AU - Willhite, C C AU - Omaye, S T AU - Cox, D N AU - Choy, W N AU - Tarantal, A F AD - USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, San Francisco, California 94129. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 148 EP - 159 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Selenomethionine KW - 964MRK2PEL KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Fetal Blood KW - Gestational Age KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Erythrocytes -- metabolism KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Selenium -- blood KW - Selenium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Selenomethionine -- toxicity KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Selenomethionine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Placenta -- metabolism KW - Fetus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76901934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Selenium+kinetics%2C+placental+transfer%2C+and+neonatal+exposure+in+cynomolgus+macaques+%28Macaca+fascicularis%29.&rft.au=Hawkes%2C+W+C%3BWillhite%2C+C+C%3BOmaye%2C+S+T%3BCox%2C+D+N%3BChoy%2C+W+N%3BTarantal%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Hawkes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Iturin A: a potential new fungicide for stored grains. AN - 76866402; 7984212 AB - The removal of many synthetic fungicides from the market has created a demand for new, environmentally safe fungicides. Iturin A, a cyclic lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, has strong antifungal properties and low mammalian toxicity. To determine the efficacy of this compound as a potential fungicide on stored feed grains, lots of corn, peanuts and cottonseed were treated with varying concentrations of iturin A. The mycoflora of treated seed was assayed along with that of untreated seed and seed treated with fungicides used commercially for planting seed. Fungal species varied considerably in their sensitivity to iturin A. Significant reductions in total mycoflora occurred in most seed lots tested at iturin A concentrations of 50 to 100 ppm. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Klich, M A AU - Arthur, K S AU - Lax, A R AU - Bland, J M AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA/ARS, New Orleans, Louisiana. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 123 EP - 127 VL - 127 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - Peptides KW - Peptides, Cyclic KW - iturin A KW - 52229-90-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Arachis -- microbiology KW - Species Specificity KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Gossypium -- microbiology KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Pest Control KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Fungi -- drug effects KW - Seeds -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76866402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Iturin+A%3A+a+potential+new+fungicide+for+stored+grains.&rft.au=Klich%2C+M+A%3BArthur%2C+K+S%3BLax%2C+A+R%3BBland%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Klich&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of germanium and silicon on bone mineralization. AN - 76857717; 7981005 AB - The chemical properties of Ge are similar to Si. This study investigated whether Ge can substitute for, or is antagonistic to, Si in bone formation. Sixty male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to treatment groups of 12 and 6 in a 2 x 4 factorially arranged experiment. The independent variables were, per gram fresh diet, Si (as sodium metasilicate) at 0 or 25 micrograms and Ge (as sodium germanate) at 0, 5, 30, or 60 micrograms. Results confirmed that Ge does not enhance Si deprivation and provided evidence that Ge apparently can replace Si in functions that influence bone composition. When Si was lacking in the diet, calcium and magnesium concentrations of the femur were decreased; this was reversed by feeding either Ge and/or Si. Similar effects were found for zinc, sodium, iron, manganese, and potassium of vertebra. There were some responses to Si deprivation that Ge could not reverse; Ge did not increase femur copper, sodium, or phosphorus or decrease molybdenum of vertebra, effects that were evoked by Si supplementation. Additionally, some findings suggested that 60 micrograms Ge/g diet could be a toxic intake for the rat. On the other hand, some responses induced by Ge indicate that this element may be acting physiologically other than as a substitute for Si. Germanium itself affected bone composition. Germanium supplementation decreased Si and molybdenum in the femur and increased DNA in tibia. Regardless of the amount of Si fed, animals fed 30 micrograms Ge/g diet had increased tibial DNA compared to animals fed 0 or 60 micrograms Ge; however, tibial DNA of animals fed 30 micrograms Ge was not statistically different from those animals fed 5 micrograms Ge. Thus, Ge may be of nutritional importance. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Seaborn, C D AU - Nielsen, F H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 151 EP - 164 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Blood Proteins KW - 0 KW - Germanium KW - 00072J7XWS KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- blood KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- physiology KW - Bone and Bones -- metabolism KW - Copper -- blood KW - Tibia KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Bone and Bones -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Blood Proteins -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Silicon -- pharmacology KW - Calcification, Physiologic -- drug effects KW - Silicon -- administration & dosage KW - Germanium -- administration & dosage KW - Germanium -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76857717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+germanium+and+silicon+on+bone+mineralization.&rft.au=Seaborn%2C+C+D%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Seaborn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-03 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of ochratoxin A on Salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. AN - 76836988; 7971666 AB - Poultry products represent a significant reservoir of Salmonella typhimurium. Ochratoxin A, a mycotoxin and natural contaminant of poultry feedstuffs, produces detrimental effects on the immune and other systems of the broiler chick. Because poultry products are possible sources of S. typhimurium contamination that can potentially infect humans, there is a need to know whether ochratoxin A can alter the growth of Salmonella in poultry. We investigated the pathological alterations of young male broiler chicks by S. typhimurium in the presence (3.0 mg/kg) or absence of ochratoxin A in the diet. Ochratoxin A alone in the diet decreased the body weight and increased the relative organ weights of the liver, kidney, gizzard, spleen, pancreas, and proventriculus. It did not affect the heart and bursa of Fabricius. The mycotoxin altered the serum concentrations of proteins, enzymes, calcium and phosphate salts, normal tissue constituents, and catabolic metabolites in a pattern that would suggest damage to skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, pancreas, and bone. Birds fed diets containing ochratoxin A had microcytic and hypochromic erythrocytes and a decrease in phytohemagglutin- and concanavalin A-stimulated blastogenesis. Salmonella typhimurium alone had no affect on the variables measured except for a decrease in body weight. With the exception of an increase in mortality (13.2%, a significant synergistic interaction) and decrease in body weight, Salmonella in combination with ochratoxin A did not alter the values of the remaining variables measured from those measured in the ochratoxin A diet alone. Cecal colony count of S. typhimurium was not affected by treatment with ochratoxin A. JF - Poultry science AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Huff, W E AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 1241 EP - 1248 VL - 73 IS - 8 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Ochratoxins KW - 0 KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- physiology KW - Ochratoxins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76836988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ochratoxin+A+on+Salmonella-challenged+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Elissalde%2C+M+H%3BZiprin%2C+R+L%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Elissalde&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global DNA hypomethylation increases progressively in cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. AN - 76622629; 8039116 AB - Global DNA hypomethylation has been observed in some human neoplasms and has been implicated as an important factor in carcinogenesis. The current study was designed to assess whether DNA hypomethylation occurs in cervical dysplasia and cancer, and to determine the relationship between the degree of DNA hypomethylation and the grade of neoplasia. Cervical biopsy specimens were obtained from colposcopically identifiable lesions in 41 patients with abnormal Pap smear results. The extent of global DNA methylation was assessed by incubating the extracted DNA with [3H]-S-adenosylmethionine and Sss1 methyltransferase, an enzyme that specifically catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups to cytosine residues in the cytosine-guanine doublet. The degree of exogenous 3H-methyl group incorporation into the DNA therefore is related reciprocally to the extent of endogenous DNA methylation. These data were compared with the histopathologic classification of the lesions. The extent of 3H-methyl group incorporation was increased threefold and sevenfold in the DNA from cervical dysplasia and cancer, respectively, compared with the DNA from normal cervical tissue (P = 0.006, analysis of variance). Significant incremental increases in DNA hypomethylation were observed in the progression from normal and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) to high grade SIL and to cancer (P < 0.0001, trend). These data show that global DNA hypomethylation is a significant epigenetic event in cervical carcinogenesis and that the degree of DNA hypomethylation increases with the grade of cervical neoplasia. These data suggest that global DNA methylation may serve as a biochemical marker of cervical neoplasia. JF - Cancer AU - Kim, Y I AU - Giuliano, A AU - Hatch, K D AU - Schneider, A AU - Nour, M A AU - Dallal, G E AU - Selhub, J AU - Mason, J B AD - Vitamin Bioavailability Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. Y1 - 1994/08/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Aug 01 SP - 893 EP - 899 VL - 74 IS - 3 SN - 0008-543X, 0008-543X KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Cervix Uteri -- metabolism KW - Methylation KW - Female KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Uterine Cervical Dysplasia -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76622629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer&rft.atitle=Global+DNA+hypomethylation+increases+progressively+in+cervical+dysplasia+and+carcinoma.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y+I%3BGiuliano%2C+A%3BHatch%2C+K+D%3BSchneider%2C+A%3BNour%2C+M+A%3BDallal%2C+G+E%3BSelhub%2C+J%3BMason%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer&rft.issn=0008543X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucosyltransferase Mutants of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355. AN - 733448663; 16349346 AB - Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355 produces dextrans and alternan from sucrose. Alternan is an unusual dextran-like polymer containing alternating alpha(1-->6)/alpha(1-->3) glucosidic bonds. Cultures were mutagenized with UV and ethyl methanesulfonate, and colony morphology mutants were selected on 10% sucrose plates. Colony morphology variants exhibited changes from parent cultures in the production of one or more glucosyltransferases (GTFs) and glucans. Mutants were characterized by measuring resistance of glucan products to dextranase digestion, by electrophoresis, and by high-pressure liquid chromatography of maltose acceptor products generated from sucrose-maltose mixtures. Some mutants produced almost pure fraction L dextran, and cultures exhibited a single principal GTF band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels. Other mutants produced glucans enriched for alternan. Colony morphology characteristics (size, smoothness, and opacity) and liquid culture properties (clumpiness, color, and viscosity in 10% sucrose medium) were explained on the basis of GTF production. Three principal GTF bands were detected. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Smith, M R AU - Zahnley, J AU - Goodman, N AD - Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 2723 EP - 2731 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733448663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Glucosyltransferase+Mutants+of+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+NRRL+B-1355.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+R%3BZahnley%2C+J%3BGoodman%2C+N&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Carbohydr Res. 1993 Oct 4;248:339-48 [7504583] Microbios. 1978;23(93-94):136-46 [117283] Prep Biochem. 1990;20(2):93-106 [2146604] Carbohydr Res. 1986 Mar 1;147(1):119-33 [2938733] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 Mar 29;785(3):89-96 [6200140] Biotechnol Bioeng. 1979 Jul;21(7):1121-31 [454805] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Anal Biochem. 1986 Aug 1;156(2):357-63 [2429584] Mol Immunol. 1986 Sep;23(9):999-1028 [2431300] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Road failure by subsurface stormflow in melange terrane AN - 52823575; 1996-057742 JF - Proceedings of the Annual Highway Geology Symposium AU - Durgin, Philip AU - Williams, John W AU - Beck, Timothy J Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 89 EP - 90 PB - Highway Geology Symposium, Atlanta, GA VL - 35 SN - 0160-9564, 0160-9564 KW - United States KW - clay KW - soil mechanics KW - failures KW - Six Rivers National Forest KW - clastic sediments KW - slopes KW - earthflows KW - drainage KW - potentiometric surface KW - California KW - slumping KW - pressuremeters KW - Humboldt County California KW - mass movements KW - sediments KW - slope stability KW - melange KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52823575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Soil+aluminium+effects+on+uptake%2C+influx%2C+and+transport+of+nutrients+in+sorghum+genotypes&rft.au=Baligar%2C+V+C%3BSchaffert%2C+R+E%3BDos+Santos%2C+HL%3BPitta%2C+GVE%3BDe+C.+Bahia+Filho%2C+AF&rft.aulast=Baligar&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 35th annual highway geology symposium and field trip N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - GA N1 - SuppNotes - Sponsored by the Calif. Dep. Transp. and San Jose State Univ., Dep. Geol. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PAHGAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; clastic sediments; clay; drainage; earthflows; failures; Humboldt County California; mass movements; melange; potentiometric surface; pressuremeters; sediments; Six Rivers National Forest; slope stability; slopes; slumping; soil mechanics; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater nitrate levels under fertilized grass and grass-legume pastures AN - 52823549; 1996-057790 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Owens, L B AU - Edwards, W M AU - Van Keuren, R W Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 752 EP - 758 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - water quality KW - fertilizers KW - pollutants KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - vegetation KW - nitrate ion KW - land use KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52823549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Groundwater+nitrate+levels+under+fertilized+grass+and+grass-legume+pastures&rft.au=Owens%2C+L+B%3BEdwards%2C+W+M%3BVan+Keuren%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=752&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; fertilizers; ground water; land use; nitrate ion; pollutants; pollution; vegetation; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of fluorobenzoates tracers in surface soils AN - 50239893; 1994-038794 JF - Ground Water AU - Jaynes, Dan B Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 532 EP - 538 PB - National Water Well Association, Ground-Water Technology Division, Urbana, IL VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - soils KW - fluorobenzoate KW - movement KW - tracers KW - water management KW - unsaturated zone KW - water regimes KW - leaching KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50239893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+fluorobenzoates+tracers+in+surface+soils&rft.au=Jaynes%2C+Dan+B&rft.aulast=Jaynes&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=532&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-6584 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - GRWAAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; fluorobenzoate; ground water; leaching; movement; soils; tracers; unsaturated zone; water management; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The geomorphology of some debris flows in the southern Sierra Nevada, California AN - 50184334; 1994-054264 AB - Debris flows are one of the natural hazards present in the southern Sierra Nevada of California. Historic debris flow activity is documented at a USDA Forest Service research facility in the Kings River drainage related to a 1937 storm event. No subsequent study of this phenomenon was undertaken until 1982. Observations of debris flows over the succeeding 10 years offer an initial assessment of the physical geomorphology of debris flows in this area. This information provides a starting point for future efforts to avoid or limit the effect of this natural hazard. Observations were made in the Tuolumne, Merced, San Joaquin, and Kings River drainages. Of the twenty-six debris flows observed, six were examined in detail to provide specific data on this phenomenon. Triggering events for debris flows in the southern Sierra Nevada include intense rainfall, rain-on-snow storms, and seasonal melting of heavy snowpacks. Movement typically occurs at depths between 0.3 and 5 m below ground surface. This is representative of depths for the three interfaces associated with initiation of movement; (1) at the base of the root zone, (2) at the contact of well-weathered and less-weathered soil, and (3) at the contact between soil and unweathered bedrock. Measurement of debris flow velocity based on indirect methods found values ranging from 2.6 m/s to 7.2 m/s (9 km/h to 26 km/h). Recurrence intervals based on radiocarbon dates are between 425 and 500 years BP. Roads and other land use investments have suffered damage from debris flow activity during the 1982 to 1993 period. Stump Springs road in the San Joaquin river drainage required US$1.4 million to repair damage primarily from 1982 debris flows. The threat to life arising from debris flows is illustrated by the consequences of vegetation losses from wildfire near El Portal, California. The projected population growth with associated increased infrastructure raises concern for greater impacts from future debris flow occurrence in the southern Sierra Nevada. JF - Geomorphology AU - DeGraff, Jerome V A2 - Morisawa, M. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 231 EP - 252 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 10 IS - 1-4 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - United States KW - Sierra Nevada KW - processes KW - California KW - geologic hazards KW - mass movements KW - damage KW - velocity KW - economics KW - geomorphology KW - debris flows KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50184334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=The+geomorphology+of+some+debris+flows+in+the+southern+Sierra+Nevada%2C+California&rft.au=DeGraff%2C+Jerome+V&rft.aulast=DeGraff&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0169555X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 25th Binghamton symposium in geomorphology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; damage; debris flows; economics; geologic hazards; geomorphology; mass movements; processes; Sierra Nevada; United States; velocity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surfactant-Increased Glyphosate Uptake into Plasma Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Common Lambsquarters Leaves. AN - 1859377306; 12232297 AB - Plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from mature leaves of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) to investigate whether this membrane is a barrier to glyphosate uptake and whether surfactants possess differential abilities to enhance glyphosate permeability. Amino acids representing several structural classes showed [delta]pH-dependent transport, indicating that the proteins necessary for active, proton-coupled amino acid transport were present and functional. Glyphosate uptake was very low compared to the acidic amino acid glutamate, indicating that glyphosate is not utilizing an endogenous amino acid carrier to enter the leaf cells and that the plasma membrane appears to be a significant barrier to cellular uptake. In addition, glyphosate flux was much lower than that measured for either bentazon or atrazine, both lipid-permeable herbicides that diffuse through the bilayer. Glyphosate uptake was stimulated by 0.01% (v:v) MON 0818, the cationic surfactant used in the commercial formulation of this herbicide for foliar application. This concentration of surfactant did not disrupt the integrity of the plasma membrane vesicles, as evidenced by the stability of imposed pH gradients and active amino acid transport. Nonionic surfactants that disrupt the cuticle but that do not promote glyphosate toxicity in the field also increased glyphosate transport into the membrane vesicles. Thus, no correlation was observed between whole plant toxicity and surfactant-aided uptake. Current data suggest that surfactant efficacy may be the result of charged surfactants' ability to diffuse away from the cuticle into the subtending apoplastic space, where they act directly on the plasma membrane to increase glyphosate uptake. JF - Plant physiology AU - Riechers, D. E. AU - Wax, L. M. AU - Liebl, R. A. AU - Bush, D. R. AD - Departments of Agronomy (D.E.R., L.M.W., R.A.L.) and Plant Biology (D.R.B.), University of Illinois, and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (L.M.W., D.R.B.), Urbana, Illinois 61801. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 1419 EP - 1425 VL - 105 IS - 4 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859377306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Surfactant-Increased+Glyphosate+Uptake+into+Plasma+Membrane+Vesicles+Isolated+from+Common+Lambsquarters+Leaves.&rft.au=Riechers%2C+D.+E.%3BWax%2C+L.+M.%3BLiebl%2C+R.+A.%3BBush%2C+D.+R.&rft.aulast=Riechers&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of three nucleic acid hybridization systems for detection of Campylobacter spp. in poultry products AN - 16004740; 4083476 AB - Three commercially available nucleic acid hybridization systems were evaluated in combination with the United States Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) cultural protocol for the detection of Campylobacter spp. from a variety of poultry products. Samples were enriched for 24 h in Hunt broth and then plated onto modified charcoal Campylobacter differential agar. Suspensions of growth from the selective agar plates were then analyzed by the probe assays. The GENE-TRAK registered Campylobacter Assay (revised format) and the GEN-PROBE registered ACCUPROBE super(TM) Campylobacter Culture Confirmation Test showed sensitivities and specificities of 100% upon testing of 30 raw chicken rinses. The original format GENE-TRAK registered test had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100% when these samples were tested. Ninety percent of the raw chicken rinses were found to contain Campylobacter spp. by either of the two more sensitive probes or by the USDA/FSIS cultural method. Eighty-three percent of the rinses registered Campylobacter-positive by the original format GENE-TRAK registered probe. When inoculated ready-to-eat poultry samples were examined, the revised format GENE-TRAK registered test and the ACCUPROBE super(TM) assay had sensitivities of 83% and specificities of 100%. The original format GENE-TRAK registered test showed a 75% sensitivity and a 100% specificity with these samples. The USDA/FSIS cultural method had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 100% with the inoculated samples. The detection limit of the revised format GENE-TRAK registered and the ACCUPROBE super(TM) assays upon testing pooled cell suspensions of four Campylobacter jejuni poultry isolates was approximately 10 super(6) CFU/ml. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ransom, G M AU - Dreesen, D W AU - Rose, B E AU - Lattuada, C P AD - USDA-FSIS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-East, Bldg. 322, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 703 EP - 709 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - poultry KW - hybridization analysis KW - Campylobacter KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16004740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+three+nucleic+acid+hybridization+systems+for+detection+of+Campylobacter+spp.+in+poultry+products&rft.au=Ransom%2C+G+M%3BDreesen%2C+D+W%3BRose%2C+B+E%3BLattuada%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Ransom&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter; poultry; hybridization analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Putting "ecosystem" into natural resource management AN - 15986547; 4073302 AB - This paper describes an approach to ecosystem management that involves four distinct steps: (1) a model of technical principles and concepts in ecosystem management; (2) a method to monitor the precise relation between land management activities that impact an ecosystem and the ecosystem itself; (3) an approach to manage and or restore an ecosystem founded on principles of ecosystem dynamics; and (4) a concept to develop the vision and strategy to manage an ecosystem. We conclude with a focus to put "ecosystem" into natural resource management. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Samson, F B AU - Knopf, F L AD - USDA Forest Service Northern Region, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 288 EP - 291 VL - 51 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - ecosystem management KW - resource management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15986547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Putting+%22ecosystem%22+into+natural+resource+management&rft.au=Samson%2C+F+B%3BKnopf%2C+F+L&rft.aulast=Samson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - resource management; ecosystem management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of Agrobacterium species from the noxious rangeland weeds Euphorbia esula and Centaurea repens AN - 15909978; 4044108 AB - Disease surveys were made of Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens) and leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), two noxious weeds that severely infest large areas of rangelands in the northern Great Plains. Strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were isolated from Russian knapweed exhibiting crown galls in New Mexico in 1991. Strains pathogenic to one or more of Helianthus annuus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Datura stramonium, or Russian knapweed and known strains of biovars 1 and 2 of A. tumefaciens and A. vitis were inoculated on Russian knapweed and two other knapweed species, diffuse (C. diffusa) and spotted (C. maculosa). Some strains from New Mexico were strongly pathogenic to diffuse knapweed, causing rapidly developing galls that typically girdled, stunted, and caused death of the host. The biovar 1 strains were pathogenic to all three knapweed species, strains of biovar 2 were pathogenic to diffuse and spotted knapweed, and the single A. vitis strain was pathogenic only to diffuse knapweed, forming small galls. Stunted and chlorotic plants of leafy spurge with crown galls, collected in Glacier County, Montana, and plants with root galls collected in eastern North Dakota were infected with A. tumefaciens, which was identified as biovar 1. Leafy spurge plants exhibiting galls on roots collected in North Dakota were infected with strains identified as biovars 1 and 2. Host ranges among nine pathogenic strains from Russian knapweed, leafy spurge, and known strains representing biovars 1 and 2 of A. tumefaciens and A. vitis varied greatly, with six of the nine strains being pathogenic to no more than one additional species besides the original host. These findings indicate that A. tumefaciens may be effective as a biological control of these important rangeland weeds and especially of diffuse knapweed. JF - Plant Disease AU - Caesar, A J AD - USDA-ARS, Rangeland Weeds Lab., Biol. Control Weeds Res. Unit and Dep. Plant Pathol., Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717-0056, USA Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 796 EP - 800 VL - 78 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Centaurea repens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Agrobacterium tumefaciens KW - Agrobacterium vitis KW - weeds KW - Euphorbia esula KW - rangelands KW - A 01118:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15909978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Pathogenicity+of+Agrobacterium+species+from+the+noxious+rangeland+weeds+Euphorbia+esula+and+Centaurea+repens&rft.au=Caesar%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Caesar&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=796&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Euphorbia esula; Agrobacterium vitis; weeds; rangelands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses to selection for resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa by stem inoculations AN - 15866705; 4025304 AB - Plants of alfalfa cultivar Delta were screened for resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum by inoculating tips of intact or excised stems and measuring the extent of necrosis that developed basipetally after 2 wk. Four of 494 plants that exhibited low levels of necrosis in repeated tests were cloned and polycrossed. Seed of these selections were harvested by parental source, and the four half-sib families were evaluated for resistance to S. trifoliorum by both stem and whole-plant inoculations. Three of four families were significantly (P = 0.05) more resistant than the parental cultivar when tested with stem inoculations. The same three families also were significantly (P = 0.05) more resistant than the parental cultivar when tested with whole-plant inoculations. The fourth half-sib family gave intermediate responses with both inoculation methods. Plants of the three most resistant families were combined and transplanted at two field sites, along with the parental cultivar, into naturally infested soils during two winter seasons. In each of four experiments, significantly (P = 0.05) less natural disease developed in plants of the progeny than in the parental cultivar. These results demonstrate that resistance to S. trifoliorum in alfalfa, as identified by the stem inoculation technique, is heritable and is also expressed as whole-plant resistance to controlled inoculations and to natural infection in the field. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pratt, R G AU - Rowe, DE AD - USDA-ARS, Forage Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 826 EP - 829 VL - 78 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - inoculum KW - stems KW - Medicago sativa KW - Sclerotinia trifoliorum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15866705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Responses+to+selection+for+resistance+to+Sclerotinia+trifoliorum+in+alfalfa+by+stem+inoculations&rft.au=Pratt%2C+R+G%3BRowe%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sclerotinia trifoliorum; Medicago sativa; stems; inoculum; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tonsil and turbinate colonization by toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida in conventionally raised swine. AN - 76789533; 7948212 JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Ackermann, M R AU - DeBey, M C AU - Register, K B AU - Larson, D J AU - Kinyon, J M AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 375 EP - 377 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bacterial Toxins -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Swine -- microbiology KW - Turbinates -- microbiology KW - Pasteurella multocida -- metabolism KW - Pasteurella multocida -- isolation & purification KW - Palatine Tonsil -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76789533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Tonsil+and+turbinate+colonization+by+toxigenic+and+nontoxigenic+strains+of+Pasteurella+multocida+in+conventionally+raised+swine.&rft.au=Ackermann%2C+M+R%3BDeBey%2C+M+C%3BRegister%2C+K+B%3BLarson%2C+D+J%3BKinyon%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Ackermann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hatchery-acquired salmonellae in broiler chicks. AN - 76776652; 7937477 AB - Hatchery contamination can result in exposure of newly hatched chicks to salmonellae at a time when they are most susceptible to colonization of their intestinal tract. Eggshell fragments, external rinses, and intestinal tracts from day-of-hatch chicks were sampled for salmonellae contamination. Chicks from the same hatching trays were then put in isolators or floor pens and fed a pelleted corn-soybean ration for 1 wk before external rinses and ceca from each chick were sampled for salmonellae. About 17% of eggshell, 21% of chick rinses, and 5% of intestines sampled at Day 0 were positive for salmonellae. No differences were observed between broiler hatcheries, but significant differences were seen between replications within hatching cabinets. Results from this study suggest a correlation between hatchery-acquired salmonellae and the production of potential seeder birds. No differences between eggshell and chick rinse samples were found (correlation = .81); therefore, eggshells are recommended as the best sample to determine hatchery salmonellae contamination. JF - Poultry science AU - Bailey, J S AU - Cox, N A AU - Berrang, M E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 1153 EP - 1157 VL - 73 IS - 7 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Egg Shell -- microbiology KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Air Microbiology KW - Cecum -- microbiology KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76776652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Hatchery-acquired+salmonellae+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BBerrang%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supplemental alanylglutamine, organ growth, and nitrogen metabolism in neonatal pigs fed by total parenteral nutrition. AN - 76749534; 7933437 AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether supplemental glutamine (alanylglutamine dipeptide) is effective in preventing small intestinal mucosal atrophy associated with total parenteral nutrition and whether it affects the growth of other organs in neonatal pigs. We compared organ growth, intestinal enzyme activity, and plasma nitrogen metabolites in 4-day-old pigs randomly selected to receive total parenteral nutrition supplemented with 0 g, 2.0 g, or 4.5 g of glutamine per deciliter for a total amino acid intake of either 11 or 25 g.kg-1.d-1 for 7 days. Glutamine supplementation increased (60% to 100%) plasma concentrations of glutamine, urea nitrogen, ammonia, and both jejunal villus height and surface area, but it did not significantly affect jejunal mucosal protein and DNA masses or the relative growth of liver, kidneys, and brain. No histologic evidence of tissue toxicity was found. Supplementing large amounts of glutamine (alanylglutamine dipeptide) did not completely prevent total parenteral nutrition-associated intestinal mucosal atrophy but did improve villus morphology without affecting vital organ growth or histology. JF - JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition AU - Burrin, D G AU - Shulman, R J AU - Langston, C AU - Storm, M C AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. PY - 1994 SP - 313 EP - 319 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0148-6071, 0148-6071 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Dipeptides KW - Glutamine KW - 0RH81L854J KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - alanylglutamine KW - U5JDO2770Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Ammonia -- blood KW - Liver -- growth & development KW - Kidney -- growth & development KW - Glutamine -- blood KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- pathology KW - Atrophy -- prevention & control KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Jejunum -- enzymology KW - Brain -- growth & development KW - Jejunum -- pathology KW - Dipeptides -- administration & dosage KW - Animals, Newborn -- growth & development KW - Parenteral Nutrition, Total -- adverse effects KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76749534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JPEN.+Journal+of+parenteral+and+enteral+nutrition&rft.atitle=Supplemental+alanylglutamine%2C+organ+growth%2C+and+nitrogen+metabolism+in+neonatal+pigs+fed+by+total+parenteral+nutrition.&rft.au=Burrin%2C+D+G%3BShulman%2C+R+J%3BLangston%2C+C%3BStorm%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Burrin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JPEN.+Journal+of+parenteral+and+enteral+nutrition&rft.issn=01486071&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability among atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains in ability to prevent aflatoxin contamination and production of aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway enzymes. AN - 76682916; 8074506 AB - Five strains of Aspergillus flavus lacking the ability to produce aflatoxins were examined in greenhouse tests for the ability to prevent a toxigenic strain from contaminating developing cottonseed with aflatoxins. All atoxigenic strains reduced contamination when inoculated into developing bolls 24 h prior to the toxigenic strain. However, only one strain, AF36, was highly effective when inoculated simultaneously with the toxigenic strain. All five strains were able to inhibit aflatoxin production by the toxigenic strain in liquid fermentation. Thus, in vitro activity did not predict the ability of an atoxigenic strain to prevent contamination of developing bolls. Therefore, strain selection for competitive exclusion to prevent aflatoxin contamination should include evaluation of efficacy in developing crops prior to field release. Atoxigenic strains were also characterized by the ability to convert several aflatoxin precursors into aflatoxin B1. Four atoxigenic strains failed to convert any of the aflatoxin biosynthetic precursors to aflatoxins. However, the strain (AF36) most effective in preventing aflatoxin contamination in developing bolls converted all tested precursors into aflatoxin B1, indicating that this strain made enzymes in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Cotty, P J AU - Bhatnagar, D AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179-0687. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 2248 EP - 2251 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Cottonseed Oil KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Gossypium -- growth & development KW - Animal Feed -- toxicity KW - Gossypium -- metabolism KW - Cottonseed Oil -- toxicity KW - Species Specificity KW - Gossypium -- microbiology KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus flavus -- classification KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Aspergillus flavus -- pathogenicity KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76682916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Variability+among+atoxigenic+Aspergillus+flavus+strains+in+ability+to+prevent+aflatoxin+contamination+and+production+of+aflatoxin+biosynthetic+pathway+enzymes.&rft.au=Cotty%2C+P+J%3BBhatnagar%2C+D&rft.aulast=Cotty&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genet Res. 1979 Aug;34(1):1-9 [116906] Mycopathologia. 1985 Dec;92(3):129-39 [3937056] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jan;53(1):14-6 [3103529] Mycopathologia. 1987 Feb;97(2):93-6 [3574436] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):127-30 [2515437] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1990 Aug;58(2):121-7 [2124794] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):156-62 [8439147] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3273-9 [8250554] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1987;53(3):147-58 [3116923] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas chromatographic/thermal energy analyzer method for N-nitrosodibenzylamine in hams processed in elastic rubber netting. AN - 76680650; 8069131 AB - We previously described a solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure for determining volatile nitrosamines in hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. This same procedure was found to successfully isolate N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA), a semivolatile nitrosamine. This nitrosamine may form as a result of the reformulated rubber now used in nettings. Reformulation became necessary because of the reported presence of N-nitrosodibutylamine in both the old nettings and on the exterior portion of commercial hams. After SPE, NDBzA was quantitated by using a gas chromatographic (GC) system interfaced to a nitrosamine-specific chemiluminescence detector [thermal energy analyzer (TEA)]. The GC system was equipped with a heated interface external to the TEA furnace to facilitate quantitation of NDBzA. With separation on a packed column, the method can be used to analyze 10 volatile nitrosamines and NDBzA. Repeatability of the method for NDBzA was found to be 2.1 ppb, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 10.6%. Analysis of 18 commercial hams from 9 different producers, purchased from local retailers, indicated that 12 were positive for NDBzA (range, 2.6-128.5 ppb). NDBzA was confirmed by GC/mass spectrometry. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Fiddler, W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19118. PY - 1994 SP - 981 EP - 984 VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Nitrosamines KW - 0 KW - N-nitrosodibenzylamine KW - 5336-53-8 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76680650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Gas+chromatographic%2Fthermal+energy+analyzer+method+for+N-nitrosodibenzylamine+in+hams+processed+in+elastic+rubber+netting.&rft.au=Pensabene%2C+J+W%3BFiddler%2C+W&rft.aulast=Pensabene&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of sulfonamides from fortified chicken tissues with supercritical CO2 and in-line adsorption. AN - 76676550; 8063887 AB - Improved recoveries and detectability of three sulfonamides from chicken tissues by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), without modifiers, using an in-line adsorption trap, are reported. Following SFE, the analytes are recovered from neutral alumina with the HPLC mobile phase. Samples are injected directly onto high-performance liquid chromatographic columns without post-extraction cleanup. Mean recoveries of sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxaline from liver, breast tissue, and thigh muscle are 89, 95, and 77%, respectively. The analytes are detectable at less than 100 ppb with a minimum of background interference. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Parks, O W AU - Maxwell, R J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 290 EP - 293 VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Sulfonamides KW - 0 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Adsorption KW - Sulfonamides -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76676550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+sulfonamides+from+fortified+chicken+tissues+with+supercritical+CO2+and+in-line+adsorption.&rft.au=Parks%2C+O+W%3BMaxwell%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromium and chronic ascorbic acid depletion effects on tissue ascorbate, manganese, and 14C retention from 14C-ascorbate in guinea pigs. AN - 76784192; 7946919 AB - Chromium (Cr) potentiates the effects of insulin and a role for insulin in ascorbic acid transport has been reported. Therefore, the effects of Cr and ascorbate depletion on tissue ascorbic acid and 14C distribution and excretion after a 14C ascorbate dose were investigated in guinea pigs. As utilization of dietary Cr is affected by interaction with other minerals, tissue manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were examined. For 20 wk, 40 weanling animals were fed either a Cr-deficient (< 0.06 micrograms Cr/g diet, -Cr) or a Cr-adequate (2 micrograms Cr from CrCl3/g diet, +Cr) casein-based diet and were given 1 mg ascorbate/d (-C) or 10 mg ascorbate/d (+C) for 20 wk. Animals fed the Cr-depleted diet had decreased weight at 20 wk (p < 0.01). Six hours before necropsy, animals were dosed by micropipette with 1.8 microCi of L-[carboxyl-14C] ascorbic acid and placed in metabolic cages. Ascorbate supplementation increased Fe concentrations in most analyzed tissues, hepatic 14C, tissue ascorbate and Mn concentration in the adrenal and testes, but decreased the concentrations of Cu in the kidney and Mn in the spleen. Liver Mn concentration was higher and kidney Mn concentration was lower in +Cr animals. Interactions between Cr and ascorbic acid affected Mn concentrations in bone and brain. These results indicate that ascorbate and Cr may affect Mn distribution. Chromium supplementation decreased plasma cortisol, brain 14C and the amount of 14C expired as carbon dioxide. These findings suggest that dietary Cr may affect ascorbic acid metabolism and the metabolic response to stress. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Seaborn, C D AU - Cheng, N AU - Adeleye, B AU - Owens, F AU - Stoecker, B J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 279 EP - 294 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone KW - 9002-60-2 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Hydrocortisone KW - WI4X0X7BPJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Hydrocortisone -- blood KW - Manganese -- metabolism KW - Ascorbic Acid -- metabolism KW - Chromium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76784192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Chromium+and+chronic+ascorbic+acid+depletion+effects+on+tissue+ascorbate%2C+manganese%2C+and+14C+retention+from+14C-ascorbate+in+guinea+pigs.&rft.au=Seaborn%2C+C+D%3BCheng%2C+N%3BAdeleye%2C+B%3BOwens%2C+F%3BStoecker%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Seaborn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration of chain length selectivity of a Rhizopus delemar lipase through site-directed mutagenesis. AN - 76718217; 8090057 AB - The coding sequences of the Rhizopus delemar lipase and prolipase were altered by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to introduce amino acid substitutions. The resulting mutant enzymes, synthesized by the bacterial host Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), were tested for their ability to hydrolyze the triglycerides triolein (TO), tricaprylin (TC) and tributyrin (TB). Mutagenesis and lipase gene expression were carried out using plasmid vectors derived from previously described recombinant plasmids [Joerger and Haas (1993) Lipids 28, 81-88] by introduction of the origin of replication of bacteriophage f1. Substitution of threonine 83 (thr83), a residue thought to be involved in oxyanion binding, by alanine essentially eliminated lipolytic activity toward all substrates examined (TB, TO and TC). Replacement of thr83 with serine caused from two- to sevenfold reductions in the activity toward these substrates. Introduction of tryptophan (trp) at position 89, where such a residue is found in closely related fungal lipases, reduced the specific activity toward the three triglyceride substrates. For the mutagenesis of residues in the predicted acyl chain binding groove, mutagenic primers were designed to cause the replacement of a specific codon within the prolipase gene with codons for all other amino acids. Phenylalanine 95 (phe95), phe112, valine 206 (val206) and val209, were targeted. A phenotypic screen was successfully employed to identify cells producing prolipase with altered preference for olive oil, TC or TB. In assays involving equimolar mixtures of the three triglycerides, a prolipase with a phe95-->aspartate mutation showed an almost twofold increase in the relative activity toward TC. Substitution of trp for phe112 caused an almost threefold decrease in the relative preference for TC, but elevated relative TB hydrolysis. Replacement of val209 with trp resulted in an enzyme with a two- and fourfold enhanced preference for TC and TB, respectively. JF - Lipids AU - Joerger, R D AU - Haas, M J AD - ERRC, ARS, USDA, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 377 EP - 384 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0024-4201, 0024-4201 KW - Caprylates KW - 0 KW - Codon KW - Olive Oil KW - Plant Oils KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Triglycerides KW - Triolein KW - 122-32-7 KW - tricaprylin KW - 538-23-8 KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - tributyrin KW - S05LZ624MF KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Caprylates -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Plasmids KW - Hydrolysis KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Binding Sites KW - Triolein -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Plant Oils -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Triglycerides -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Lipase -- chemistry KW - Rhizopus -- enzymology KW - Lipase -- genetics KW - Lipase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76718217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.atitle=Alteration+of+chain+length+selectivity+of+a+Rhizopus+delemar+lipase+through+site-directed+mutagenesis.&rft.au=Joerger%2C+R+D%3BHaas%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Joerger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lipids&rft.issn=00244201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Headcut advance threshold in earth spillways AN - 50241634; 1994-038422 JF - Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Moore, John S AU - Temple, Darrell M AU - Kirsten, H A D Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 277 EP - 280 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, Dallas, TX VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0004-5691, 0004-5691 KW - models KW - hydraulics KW - earth dams KW - dams KW - gravity dams KW - spillways KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50241634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Headcut+advance+threshold+in+earth+spillways&rft.au=Moore%2C+John+S%3BTemple%2C+Darrell+M%3BKirsten%2C+H+A+D&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=00045691&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ENGEA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dams; earth dams; gravity dams; hydraulics; models; spillways ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential for leaching of agrichemicals used in crop production; a national perspective AN - 50240331; 1994-037302 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Kellogg, Robert L AU - Maizel, Margaret S AU - Goss, Don W Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 294 EP - 298 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - water quality KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - nitrogen KW - ground water KW - agrochemicals KW - pesticides KW - nitrate ion KW - leaching KW - chemical composition KW - water pollution KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50240331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+potential+for+leaching+of+agrichemicals+used+in+crop+production%3B+a+national+perspective&rft.au=Kellogg%2C+Robert+L%3BMaizel%2C+Margaret+S%3BGoss%2C+Don+W&rft.aulast=Kellogg&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; chemical composition; geochemistry; ground water; hydrochemistry; leaching; nitrate ion; nitrogen; pesticides; pollution; soils; United States; water pollution; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of coarse sediment and its effects on riparian habitat in the central Klamath Mountains AN - 50177655; 1995-017693 JF - Report - California Water Resources Center AU - Baldwin, Kenneth S AU - Olson, Alan D A2 - Woled, Jeff Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 75 PB - University of California, California Water Resources Center, Davis, CA VL - 81 SN - 0575-4968, 0575-4968 KW - United States KW - California KW - landslides KW - geologic hazards KW - coarse-grained materials KW - mass movements KW - sediments KW - Klamath Mountains KW - management KW - preventive measures KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50177655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.atitle=Management+of+coarse+sediment+and+its+effects+on+riparian+habitat+in+the+central+Klamath+Mountains&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+Kenneth+S%3BOlson%2C+Alan+D&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.issn=05754968&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fourth biennial watershed management conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RUCCD8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; coarse-grained materials; geologic hazards; Klamath Mountains; landslides; management; mass movements; preventive measures; sediments; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pore-scale network modeling of compaction and filtration during surface sealing AN - 50129746; 1995-052179 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Ewing, Robert P AU - Gupta, S C Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 712 EP - 720 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - networks KW - hydrology KW - sealing KW - erosion KW - porous materials KW - simulation KW - geometry KW - models KW - compaction KW - infiltration KW - filtration KW - runoff KW - water regimes KW - topology KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - soil erosion KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50129746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Pore-scale+network+modeling+of+compaction+and+filtration+during+surface+sealing&rft.au=Ewing%2C+Robert+P%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Ewing&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=712&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn., Univ. of Minnesota, Sci. J. Series, Paper No. 20348 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - compaction; erosion; filtration; geometry; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; infiltration; models; networks; porous materials; runoff; sealing; simulation; soil erosion; soils; topology; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Representing aggregate size distributions as modified lognormal distributions AN - 50128228; 1995-044106 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Wagner, L E AU - Ding, D Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 815 EP - 821 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - granulometry KW - size distribution KW - saltation KW - physical properties KW - erosion KW - statistical analysis KW - wind erosion KW - mathematical models KW - equations KW - soil erosion KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50128228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Representing+aggregate+size+distributions+as+modified+lognormal+distributions&rft.au=Wagner%2C+L+E%3BDing%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - equations; erosion; granulometry; mathematical models; physical properties; saltation; size distribution; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bulk density and fragipan identification in loess soils of the Lower Mississippi river valley AN - 50125656; 1995-052186 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Lindbo, D L AU - Rhoton, F E AU - Bigham, J M AU - Hudnall, W H AU - Jones, F S AU - Smeck, N E AU - Tyler, D D Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 884 EP - 891 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - West Feliciana Parish Louisiana KW - pedogenesis KW - fragipans KW - soil profiles KW - bulk density KW - Mississippi Valley KW - clastic sediments KW - physicochemical properties KW - Mississippi KW - Yazoo County Mississippi KW - classification KW - Tennessee KW - sediments KW - Lower Mississippi Valley KW - loess KW - Louisiana KW - Tate County Mississippi KW - Obion County Tennessee KW - Fayette County Tennessee KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50125656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Bulk+density+and+fragipan+identification+in+loess+soils+of+the+Lower+Mississippi+river+valley&rft.au=Lindbo%2C+D+L%3BRhoton%2C+F+E%3BBigham%2C+J+M%3BHudnall%2C+W+H%3BJones%2C+F+S%3BSmeck%2C+N+E%3BTyler%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Lindbo&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=884&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Manuscript Contrib. No. 93-09-7259 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bulk density; classification; clastic sediments; Fayette County Tennessee; fragipans; loess; Louisiana; Lower Mississippi Valley; Mississippi; Mississippi Valley; Obion County Tennessee; pedogenesis; physicochemical properties; sediments; soil profiles; soils; Tate County Mississippi; Tennessee; United States; West Feliciana Parish Louisiana; Yazoo County Mississippi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of saturated hydraulic conductivity measurement methods for a glacial-till soil AN - 50124558; 1995-052175 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Kanwar, R S AU - Everts, C J Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 672 EP - 677 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - methods KW - permeameters KW - disk permeameter KW - in situ KW - constant-head permeameter KW - clastic sediments KW - velocity permeameter KW - double-tube method KW - till KW - porosity KW - Guelph permeameter KW - ground water KW - Hapludolls KW - saturated zone KW - transport KW - movement KW - sediments KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Mollisols KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50124558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+saturated+hydraulic+conductivity+measurement+methods+for+a+glacial-till+soil&rft.au=Mohanty%2C+B+P%3BKanwar%2C+R+S%3BEverts%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=672&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Exp. Stn. J., Paper No. J-15146 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; constant-head permeameter; disk permeameter; double-tube method; ground water; Guelph permeameter; Hapludolls; hydraulic conductivity; in situ; methods; Mollisols; movement; permeameters; porosity; saturated zone; sediments; soils; till; transport; velocity permeameter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating Forecasting Models of Farmland Prices AN - 1761699754; 199504187 AB - Assesses the gains & losses that can be incurred with different levels of economic modeling by evaluating the forecasting performance of 5 farmland value models: 2 variations of the present-value model, an ARIMA, a vector autoregression (VAR), & an error-correcting model (ECM). One- & 3-period-ahead out-of-sample forecasts are assessed in terms of forecast accuracy (root mean-squared error) & ability to predict turning points. Results indicate that ECM generates superior forecasts at both forecasting horizons, while VAR performs poorly by root mean-squared error criterion & ARIMA performs poorly in predicting turning points in the 3-period-ahead forecast. 6 Tables, 1 Appendix, 34 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - International Journal of Forecasting AU - Tegene, Abebayehu AU - Kuchler, Fred AD - Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, 1301 New York Ave NW Washington DC 20005-4788 Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 65 EP - 80 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0169-2070, 0169-2070 KW - farmland price forecasting models, comparative evaluation KW - Land Use KW - Farms KW - Prices KW - Forecasting KW - Models KW - article KW - 7210: social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761699754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Forecasting&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Forecasting+Models+of+Farmland+Prices&rft.au=Tegene%2C+Abebayehu%3BKuchler%2C+Fred&rft.aulast=Tegene&rft.aufirst=Abebayehu&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Forecasting&rft.issn=01692070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forecasting; Farms; Prices; Models; Land Use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Citrus variegated chlorosis bacterium: Axenic culture, pathogenicity, and serological relationships with other strains of Xylella fastidiosa AN - 15991938; 4072778 AB - A xylem-limited bacterium serologically related to strains of Xylella fastidiosa has been associated previously with citrus variegated chlorosis, a new and potentially serious disease of citrus in Brazil. When isolated and grown on PW (periwinkle wilt) medium, this gram-negative bacterium measured 0.4 X 4 mu m and was indistinguishable based on colony appearance from reference strains of X. fastidiosa obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD. The bacterium also had a rippled cell wall typical of X. fastidiosa and induced symptoms typical of citrus variegated chlorosis in sweet orange after artificial inoculation. The bacterium was reisolated from petioles of symptomatic artificially inoculated plants, and its identity was confirmed by membrane entrapment immunofluorescence and Western blotting with antiserum UF-26 prepared against the original strain and extracts of petioles and midribs from inoculated plants. The organism was observed in large numbers in xylem vessels of diseased, but not healthy, plant petioles and in extracts of diseased, but not healthy, petioles, using a gold label with antiserum UF-26. The bacterium reisolated from symptomatic plant tissue was culturally, morphologically, and serologically indistinguishable from the strain used to inoculate the plants, completing Koch's postulates. Antiserum UF-26 reacted most strongly with strains of X. fastidiosa that cause diseases of grapevines, almond, ragweed, and oak. The citrus strain of X. fastidiosa also reacted as strongly as the homologous strain from plum to antiserum 1609-PP. This strain of X. fastidiosa may represent a new serological group intermediate between previously described serogroups of X. fastidiosa (DBO). JF - Phytopathology AU - Hartung, J S AU - Beretta, J AU - Brlansky, R H AU - Spisso, J AU - Lee, R F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Room 111 Building 004, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 591 EP - 597 VL - 84 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Orange KW - citrus variegated chlorosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Citrus sinensis KW - Xylella Fastidiosa KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15991938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Citrus+variegated+chlorosis+bacterium%3A+Axenic+culture%2C+pathogenicity%2C+and+serological+relationships+with+other+strains+of+Xylella+fastidiosa&rft.au=Hartung%2C+J+S%3BBeretta%2C+J%3BBrlansky%2C+R+H%3BSpisso%2C+J%3BLee%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Hartung&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus sinensis; Xylella Fastidiosa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) group-specific oligonucleotide primers for nested-PCR assays to detect mixed-MLO infections in a single host plant AN - 15988605; 4072777 AB - Oligonucleotide primer pairs R16(I)F1/R1, R16(III)F2/R1, and R16(V)F1 /R1 for polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were designed on the basis of mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) 16S rRNA sequences. The primer pair R16(I)F1/R1 specifically initiated amplification of 16S rDNA sequences among MLO strains in the MLO 16S rRNA group I, which includes aster yellows MLO and related strains; R16(III)F2/R1 specifically initiated amplification in the MLO 16S rRNA group III, which includes peach X-disease MLO and related strains; and R16(V)F1/R1 specifically initiated amplification in the MLO 16S rRNA group V, which includes elm yellows MLO and related strains. None of the primer pairs initiated amplification of 16S rDNA sequences from MLO strains in other groups or from other prokaryotes, including animal Mollicutes and plant pathogenic bacteria. An MLO group-specific primer pair allows sensitive detection and simultaneous classification of specific MLO strains from plant and insect sources. Nested-PCR assays using the universal primer pair R16F2/R2 and a group-specific primer pair further increased sensitivity in MLO detection. These specially designed assay procedures allowed for the first time detection of a secondary, cryptic MLO(s) associated with a single host plant (DBO). JF - Phytopathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Gundersen, DE AU - Hammond, R W AU - Davis, R E AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 559 EP - 566 VL - 84 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - mycoplasmalike organism KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - phytoplasma KW - plant diseases KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15988605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Use+of+mycoplasmalike+organism+%28MLO%29+group-specific+oligonucleotide+primers+for+nested-PCR+assays+to+detect+mixed-MLO+infections+in+a+single+host+plant&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BGundersen%2C+DE%3BHammond%2C+R+W%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phytoplasma; plant diseases; mycoplasma-like organisms; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Zinc-induced metallothionein and copper metabolism in intestinal mucosa, liver, and kidney of rats AN - 15859860; 4020454 AB - Large doses of parenteral zinc (Zn) and/or the feeding of high Zn diets to animals or humans for long periods affects copper (Cu) metabolism. Previous work suggests that Zn-induced metallothionein (MT) in intestinal epithelial cells binds Cu and inhibits its absorption. This study was designed to determine the effects of treating rats with high dietary or high parenteral Zn on Cu metabolism and its relationship to MT in the intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney. Six-week-old male rats were fed for one week a control diet containing 42 mg Zn and 6 mg Cu/kg. They were then divided into three groups. One group continued to receive the control diet while another received a similar diet containing 560 mg Zn/kg. A third group, fed the control diet, received a subcutaneous dose of 90 mg Zn/kg body weight every 2-3 days for the duration of the experiment. Rats from each group were killed on days 7 and 14. Low Cu status in Zn-treated rats was indicated by lower than normal serum Cu concentration, serum ceruloplasmin activity, low liver and kidney Cu concentrations and low cytochrome C oxidase activity. None of these changes, however, were related to an increase in Cu as a result of Zn-induced MT in the intestinal epithelial cell. Instead, as the MT concentrations rose, Cu concentration decreased. This study suggests that the effects of high Zn treatment on Cu status are not the result of the long-held theory that Zn-induced intestinal MT sequesters Cu and prevents its passage to the circulation. Instead, it may be caused by a direct effect of high lumenal Zn concentrations on Cu transport into the epithelial cell. (DBO) JF - Nutrition Research AU - Reeves, P G AU - Rossow, K L AU - Bobilya, D J AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Grand Forks Human Nutr. Res. Cent., Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - Jun 1994 SP - 897 EP - 908 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0271-5317, 0271-5317 KW - metallothionein KW - copper KW - 3inc KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - liver KW - intestine KW - kidney KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15859860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Research&rft.atitle=Zinc-induced+metallothionein+and+copper+metabolism+in+intestinal+mucosa%2C+liver%2C+and+kidney+of+rats&rft.au=Reeves%2C+P+G%3BRossow%2C+K+L%3BBobilya%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+Research&rft.issn=02715317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - intestine; liver; kidney ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gliotoxin inhibits transformation and its cytotoxic to turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes. AN - 76670881; 7520534 AB - Gliotoxin, an epipolythiodioxopiperizine mycotoxin, has been shown to be produced by, among other fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius. This organism is the major causative agent of the respiratory disease aspergillosis in avian species, especially turkeys. Because gliotoxin has been shown to be immunosuppressive and has the potential for being involved in the pathogenesis of aspergillosis, the in vitro activity of this compound with avian lymphocytes was investigated. Immunosuppression was investigated using peripheral blood lymphocytes from turkeys in a lymphoblastogenesis assay and a cytotoxicity assay using conversion of the tetrazolium salt MTT to MTT formazan by the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme elaborated only by living cells. Gliotoxin appeared to have a threshold level in both tests because little or no response or stimulation was evident when cells were exposed to concentrations of the toxin below 100 ng/ml, but at 100 ng/ml, all cells appeared to be dead. Using T-2 mycotoxin as a known cytotoxic agent, the response in the MTT bioassay using turkey peripheral lymphocytes was linear with increasing concentrations of toxin. Gliotoxin may potentially cause immunosuppression in turkey poults through action on the lymphocytes or if this toxin were present in low concentrations stimulation could possibly occur. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Richard, J L AU - Peden, W M AU - Williams, P P AD - Mycotoxin Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, MWA, Peoria, Illinois. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 109 EP - 114 VL - 126 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Gliotoxin KW - 67-99-2 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Turkeys KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cells, Cultured KW - T-2 Toxin -- toxicity KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Gliotoxin -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76670881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Gliotoxin+inhibits+transformation+and+its+cytotoxic+to+turkey+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Richard%2C+J+L%3BPeden%2C+W+M%3BWilliams%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of aflatoxin in growing lambs fed ruminally degradable or escape protein sources. AN - 76642921; 8056674 AB - Thirty-two crossbred (Suffolk x Rambouillet) wether lambs were used to examine the effectiveness of protein source (soybean meal [SBM] or fish meal [FM]) in alleviating decreased performance associated with dietary aflatoxin (AF) in growing lambs. After a 21-d adaptation period to concentrate diets, lambs were assigned to the following dietary treatments: 1) SBM, 0 mg of AF; 2) FM, 0 mg of AF; 3) SBM + 2.5 mg of AF/kg diet; or 4) FM+2.5 mg of AF/kg diet (two lambs/pen; four pens/treatment). Diets were fed 35 d, at which time AF was removed from the diet (except one pen/protein source) and lambs continued on study for an additional 32 d. On d 67, all lambs were killed and necropsied. Average daily gain, feed intake, and gain/feed were similar (P > .10) among lambs fed SBM or FM; however, lambs fed AF had lower (P .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Edrington, T S AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AD - Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, USDA, College Station, TX 77845. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 1274 EP - 1281 VL - 72 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Dietary Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Sheep KW - Chronic Disease KW - Weight Gain KW - Male KW - Fish Products KW - Soybeans KW - Sheep Diseases -- blood KW - Mycotoxicosis -- physiopathology KW - Sheep Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Mycotoxicosis -- veterinary KW - Mycotoxicosis -- diet therapy KW - Mycotoxicosis -- blood KW - Dietary Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Aflatoxins -- adverse effects KW - Sheep Diseases -- diet therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76642921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+aflatoxin+in+growing+lambs+fed+ruminally+degradable+or+escape+protein+sources.&rft.au=Edrington%2C+T+S%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Edrington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin production and other traits of Fusarium moniliforme strains from maize in northeast Mexico. AN - 76559005; 8017951 AB - Strains of Fusarium moniliforme from maize seed collected in four fields in northeast Mexico were tested for fumonisin production in culture, for sexual compatibility, and for vegetative compatibility by using non-nitrate-utilizing mutants. The test results indicate that a diverse population of fumonisin-producing strains of F. moniliforme (Gibberella fujikuroi) mating population A predominates and that a potential exists for production of fumonisins in Mexican maize. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Plattner, R D AU - Nelson, P E AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 1695 EP - 1697 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mexico KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- physiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Food Microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76559005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+production+and+other+traits+of+Fusarium+moniliforme+strains+from+maize+in+northeast+Mexico.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BNelson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Aug;57(8):2410-2 [1768112] Mycopathologia. 1992 Feb;117(1-2):37-45 [1513373] Mycopathologia. 1992 Feb;117(1-2):79-82 [1513376] Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1988 Dec;55(4):197-203 [3217091] Rev Latinoam Microbiol. 1977 Jan-Mar;19(1):27-31 [279057] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Jul;54(7):1806-11 [2901247] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Sep;58(9):2799-805 [1444389] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin B2 in cultured Fusarium proliferatum, M-6104, causes equine leukoencephalomalacia. AN - 76670815; 8068763 JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Ross, P F AU - Nelson, P E AU - Owens, D L AU - Rice, L G AU - Nelson, H A AU - Wilson, T M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA 50010. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 263 EP - 265 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Horses KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Horse Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- isolation & purification KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Horse Diseases -- pathology KW - Mycotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Encephalomalacia -- veterinary KW - Encephalomalacia -- pathology KW - Encephalomalacia -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76670815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Population+structure+and+genetic+analysis+of+field+resistance+to+thiabendazole+in+Gibberella+pulicaris+from+potato+tubers.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BChrist-Harned%2C+E+A%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BSecor%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of vitamin E on aflatoxicosis in growing swine. AN - 76572989; 8017706 AB - Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and supplemental vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Nine barrows (3 replicates of 3 each, mean body weight, 14.0 kg) per group were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (for a total of 36 barrows): 0 IU of supplemental vitamin E and 0 mg of AF/kg of feed (control); 2,400 IU of vitamin E divided into equal doses and administered IM on days 1 and 16; 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed plus 2,400 IU of vitamin E administered similarly to treatment 2. Barrows were administered their respective treatment for 32 days. Evaluations were made for group production performance and for serum biochemical, immunologic, hematologic, pathologic, serum and tissue tocopherol, and serum retinol variables. Body weight was reduced by AF-alone and AF plus vitamin E treatments, compared with control and vitamin E-alone treatments. Liver weight was increased for the AF alone-treated and the AF plus vitamin E-treated barrows, compared with control barrows. The AF alone-treated barrows had alterations in:serum values of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, albumin, glucose, phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol, total iron, unsaturated iron-binding capacity, total iron-binding capacity, and urea nitrogen; RBC numbers, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and prothrombin time; and mitogen-induced lymphoblastogenic responses. With the exception of some slight ameliorating effects on hematologic measurements, supplemental treatment with vitamin E did not prove beneficial against the toxicosis-associated AF treatment. The AF alone-treated barrows had decreased serum tocopherol and retinol concentrations, compared with control and pretest values, and decreased tocopherol concentration in cardiac tissue. High parenterally administered doses of vitamin E did not have sparing effect on AF-induced reductions of serum tocopherol or retinol concentration; however, compared with pretest values, serum tocopherol concentration was increased by vitamin E-alone treatment. Tocopherol concentration in cardiac tissue of the AF plus vitamin E-treated barrows was increased over that of the AF alone-treated barrows, indicating an ameliorating effect on AF-induced tissue concentrations reductions. These data indicate that vitamin E may not have a sparing effect on AF-induced toxicosis and that AF may reduce serum retinol and serum and tissue tocopherol concentrations. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AU - Elissalde, M H AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 572 EP - 577 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Vitamin A -- blood KW - Animal Feed KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Swine Diseases -- etiology KW - Mycotoxicosis -- pathology KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Vitamin E -- therapeutic use KW - Mycotoxicosis -- veterinary KW - Swine Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Vitamin E -- blood KW - Mycotoxicosis -- blood KW - Aflatoxins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76572989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+vitamin+E+on+aflatoxicosis+in+growing+swine.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BElissalde%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=572&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pine needle abortion in cattle: effects of diet variables on consumption of pine needles and parturition response. AN - 76563737; 8014143 AB - Cows that consume needles from Pinus ponderosa (PN) abort, but little is known about variables that affect consumption or response. These experiments were conducted to test the effects of several variables on pine needle-induced abortion. Cows were placed on experiment at 250 d of pregnancy and were either given ad libitum (AL) access to PN separate from other feed sources or the PN were ground and fed (2 kg.cow-1.d-1) mixed with the diet. In Exp. 1, cows were assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial experiment with adequate (AP) vs high-protein (HP) diets and no straw vs AL straw (S). All cows ate PN and aborted, and there were no effects (P > .5) on interval to parturition (IP). Consumption of PN (kg/d) was increased by HP (P .5). In Exp. 3, cows were assigned to five treatments to test the effects of aging needles after they were ground, feeding bentonite, and feeding a complete mineral supplement. Pine needles decreased IP (P < .01), and the effects of PN were greater when PN were aged or bentonite or minerals were added (all P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Short, R E AU - Bellows, R A AU - Staigmiller, R B AU - Ford, S P AD - Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 805 EP - 810 VL - 72 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Dietary Proteins KW - 0 KW - Minerals KW - Sodium, Dietary KW - Bentonite KW - 1302-78-9 KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Minerals -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Bentonite -- therapeutic use KW - Magnesium -- therapeutic use KW - Pregnancy KW - Silage KW - Magnesium -- administration & dosage KW - Animal Feed KW - Cattle KW - Dietary Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Zea mays KW - Food, Fortified KW - Bentonite -- administration & dosage KW - Minerals -- therapeutic use KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- etiology KW - Trees KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- prevention & control KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Diet KW - Plant Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76563737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Pine+needle+abortion+in+cattle%3A+effects+of+diet+variables+on+consumption+of+pine+needles+and+parturition+response.&rft.au=Short%2C+R+E%3BBellows%2C+R+A%3BStaigmiller%2C+R+B%3BFord%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Short&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of an acetic acid dip on carcass appearance, microbiological quality, and cooked breast meat texture and flavor. AN - 76532401; 8202437 AB - In Experiment 1, broiler carcasses were subjected to a 10-min prechill treatment with and without a food grade vinegar at a concentration of .6% acetic acid. After treatment the carcasses were monitored for visual appearance and microbiological quality. Color change and skin appearance were subjectively monitored. Microbiological quality was determined using the low volume whole carcass rinse. Shear values of cooked muscle were determined using a Warner-Bratzler attachment to an Instron. In a second experiment using the same treatment protocol, treated carcasses were chilled in an ice slush for 30 min and held overnight at 2 C. The breast muscles were removed and cooked by two methods. Triangle tests to determine sensory differences due to acetic acid were conducted. The skin color of treated carcasses turned a light yellow, and the feather follicles were protruded or puckered. Total aerobic counts were not affected by any of the treatments, but Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) counts of treated carcasses were significantly lower than the counts for the water control carcasses. Log10 ENT counts ranged from 4.51 for the control to 3.80 for the carcasses treated with acetic acid. Based on sensory triangle tests using a trained panel, there were no significant differences in the samples from either cooking method. JF - Poultry science AU - Dickens, J A AU - Lyon, B G AU - Whittemore, A D AU - Lyon, C E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 576 EP - 581 VL - 73 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Color KW - Food Handling KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Acetates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76532401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+an+acetic+acid+dip+on+carcass+appearance%2C+microbiological+quality%2C+and+cooked+breast+meat+texture+and+flavor.&rft.au=Dickens%2C+J+A%3BLyon%2C+B+G%3BWhittemore%2C+A+D%3BLyon%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=576&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of acetic acid and air injection on appearance, moisture pick-up, microbiological quality, and Salmonella incidence on processed poultry carcasses. AN - 76525345; 8202438 AB - Broiler carcasses were subjected to a 10-min prechill treatment with and without air injection and glacial acetic acid at concentrations of .3 and .6%. Some of the carcasses were inoculated with approximately 800 cells of a nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium 1 min prior to treatment. After treatment, the carcasses were monitored for their visual appearance, moisture pick-up, and microbiological quality. Appearance was subjectively monitored for color change and resulting skin texture. Microbiological quality was determined using the low volume whole carcass rinse, and moisture pick-up was determined by weight differences. The skin color of treated carcasses was light yellow and the feather follicles were protruded or puckered. Moisture pick-up was significantly reduced by the acid treatments. Total aerobes were not affected by any of the treatments, but Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) counts of treated carcasses were significantly lower than the counts for the water control carcasses. Log10 ENT counts ranged from 5.52 for the control to 4.48 for the air injection, and to a low of 2.93 for the air injection with .6% acetic acid. Salmonella incidence of inoculated carcasses was significantly reduced by the treatments. Using .6% acetic acid with air injection resulted in the greatest reduction in Salmonella incidence (8% positive). JF - Poultry science AU - Dickens, J A AU - Whittemore, A D AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 582 EP - 586 VL - 73 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Abattoirs KW - Meat-Packing Industry KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- isolation & purification KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Food Handling KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Air KW - Acetates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76525345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+acetic+acid+and+air+injection+on+appearance%2C+moisture+pick-up%2C+microbiological+quality%2C+and+Salmonella+incidence+on+processed+poultry+carcasses.&rft.au=Dickens%2C+J+A%3BWhittemore%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary fumonisin B1 induces disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats: a new mechanism of nephrotoxicity. AN - 76426792; 8145083 AB - Fumonisins are potent inhibitors of sphingolipid biosynthesis produced by several Fusarium species. Consumption of corn or corn products infected with F. moniliforme, or high levels of fumonisins, is associated with several animal diseases. In a 4-wk feeding study, the concentration of fumonisin B1 that caused nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats was much less than that required to cause hepatotoxicity. This retrospective study shows a close correlation between the extent and severity of ultrastructural lesions and the degree of disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. The kidney was more sensitive to fumonisin B1-induced disruption of sphingolipid metabolism than liver with significant elevation of free sphingosine, free sphinganine, and the free sphinganine:free sphingosine ratio in rats fed 15, 50 and 150 micrograms/g fumonisin B1. Accumulation of free sphinganine and elevation of the free sphinganine:free sphingosine ratio in urine closely reflected the changes that occurred in kidney. The accumulated sphinganine and elevation of the free sphinganine:free sphingosine ratio was associated with accumulation of cells in urine. Thus, urine rather than serum is the fluid of choice for detecting elevated free sphingoid bases generated as a consequence of fumonisin-induced kidney damage. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Riley, R T AU - Hinton, D M AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Bacon, C W AU - Wang, E AU - Merrill, A H AU - Voss, K A AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30613. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 594 EP - 603 VL - 124 IS - 4 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Liver -- ultrastructure KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Kidney -- ultrastructure KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Female KW - Male KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Diet KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76426792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+the+bird+repellent%2C+methyl+anthranilate%2C+to+fry+of+Salmo+salar%2C+Oncorhynchus+mykiss%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus+and+Lepomis+macrochirus&rft.au=Clark%2C+L%3BCummings%2C+J%3BBird%2C+S%3BAronov%2C+E&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real Exchange Rate Misalignment and Agricultural Export Performance in Developing Countries AN - 61580994; 199503338 AB - The effects of exchange rate fluctuations on international trade have received much attention following the demise of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates. However, the issue of incorrect real exchange rate alignment has been ignored. Overvaluation of the currency, particularly in developing countries, generally reduces profitability of tradables, including agricultural commodity exports, & therefore, is thought to adversely affect performance of the agricultural sector. Measures of exchange rate misalignment for 10 developing countries were calculated using a structural modeling approach, & then used in assessing the impact of misalignment on agricultural export supply for selected commodities in these countries. Export supply equations were estimated incorporating the misalignment measures as an explanatory variable. Results indicate that exchange rate misalignment had a negative impact on agricultural export performance. These results demonstrate the importance of exchange rate misalignment in economic grouth & export performance of developing countries. 2 Tables, 1 Appendix. AA JF - Economic Development and Cultural Change AU - Pick, Daniel H AU - Vollrath, Thomas L AD - Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, 1301 New York Ave NW Washington DC 20005-4788 Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 555 EP - 571 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0013-0079, 0013-0079 KW - agricultural export performance, developing countries KW - exchange rate misalignments KW - Agricultural Production KW - Exports and Imports KW - Developing Countries KW - Economic Models KW - International Trade KW - article KW - 8350: social development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61580994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Development+and+Cultural+Change&rft.atitle=Real+Exchange+Rate+Misalignment+and+Agricultural+Export+Performance+in+Developing+Countries&rft.au=Pick%2C+Daniel+H%3BVollrath%2C+Thomas+L&rft.aulast=Pick&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Economic+Development+and+Cultural+Change&rft.issn=00130079&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Developing Countries; Exports and Imports; Agricultural Production; Economic Models; International Trade ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How to build a coalition for AMD amelioration in a watershed, a case history; Mill Creek of Jefferson and Clarion counties, PA AN - 52444978; 1999-059340 JF - Special Publication - United States. Bureau of Mines AU - Morrow, T AU - Dalby, P AU - Spozio, B AU - Swope, G Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 358 EP - 363 PB - U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC SN - 0731-762X, 0731-762X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - acid mine drainage KW - reclamation KW - surface water KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - remediation KW - Jefferson County Pennsylvania KW - Pennsylvania KW - Clarion County Pennsylvania KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52444978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.atitle=How+to+build+a+coalition+for+AMD+amelioration+in+a+watershed%2C+a+case+history%3B+Mill+Creek+of+Jefferson+and+Clarion+counties%2C+PA&rft.au=Morrow%2C+T%3BDalby%2C+P%3BSpozio%2C+B%3BSwope%2C+G&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=358&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.issn=0731762X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International Land reclamation and mine drainage conference and 3rd international conference on the Abatement of acidic drainage N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number PB96-113519NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; Clarion County Pennsylvania; hydrology; Jefferson County Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania; pollution; reclamation; remediation; surface water; United States; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stabilization of coal mining GOB piles with American beachgrass AN - 52440977; 1999-059291 JF - Special Publication - United States. Bureau of Mines AU - Depue, Samuel AU - Glennon, Robert Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 345 PB - U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC SN - 0731-762X, 0731-762X KW - United States KW - mines KW - spoils KW - bioreclamation KW - reclamation KW - grasslands KW - coal mines KW - vegetation KW - West Virginia KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52440977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.atitle=Stabilization+of+coal+mining+GOB+piles+with+American+beachgrass&rft.au=Depue%2C+Samuel%3BGlennon%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Depue&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.issn=0731762X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International Land reclamation and mine drainage conference and 3rd international conference on the Abatement of acidic drainage N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number PB96-113501NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioreclamation; coal mines; grasslands; mines; reclamation; spoils; United States; vegetation; West Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface reclamation in the Big Lake Field, Reagan County, Texas AN - 50967940; 1994-038553 JF - Bulletin - New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources AU - Weathers, Michael L AU - Moore, Kenneth R AU - Ford, Donald L AU - Curlee, Charles K A2 - Ahlen, Jack A2 - Peterson, John A2 - Bowsher, Arthur L. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 19 EP - 22 PB - New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM SN - 0096-4581, 0096-4581 KW - United States KW - waste water KW - reclamation KW - Big Lake Field KW - petroleum KW - salt water KW - production KW - oil and gas fields KW - ground water KW - evaporation ponds KW - sedimentary rocks KW - perched aquifers KW - discharge KW - soils KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - soil profiles KW - Reagan County Texas KW - Texas KW - evaporites KW - aquifers KW - water table KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - salt KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50967940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+-+New+Mexico+Bureau+of+Geology+%26+Mineral+Resources&rft.atitle=Surface+reclamation+in+the+Big+Lake+Field%2C+Reagan+County%2C+Texas&rft.au=Weathers%2C+Michael+L%3BMoore%2C+Kenneth+R%3BFord%2C+Donald+L%3BCurlee%2C+Charles+K&rft.aulast=Weathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+-+New+Mexico+Bureau+of+Geology+%26+Mineral+Resources&rft.issn=00964581&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - NM N1 - Document feature - sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NEXBAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Big Lake Field; chemically precipitated rocks; discharge; evaporation ponds; evaporites; ground water; leaching; oil and gas fields; perched aquifers; petroleum; production; Reagan County Texas; reclamation; salt; salt water; sedimentary rocks; soil profiles; soils; Texas; United States; waste disposal; waste water; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater quality, hydrogeology, and agricultural drainage wells; Floyd and Mitchell Counties, Iowa AN - 50961002; 1995-061532 JF - Technical Information Series - Iowa Geological Survey AU - Libra, R D AU - Quade, D J AU - Hallberg, G R AU - Littke, J P Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 64 PB - Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Geological Survey Bureau, Des Moines, IA SN - 0270-9066, 0270-9066 KW - wells KW - United States KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - drainage KW - pollution KW - Iowa KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - agrochemicals KW - Floyd County Iowa KW - pesticides KW - nitrate ion KW - water wells KW - Mitchell County Iowa KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50961002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Libra%2C+R+D%3BQuade%2C+D+J%3BHallberg%2C+G+R%3BLittke%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Libra&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Groundwater+quality%2C+hydrogeology%2C+and+agricultural+drainage+wells%3B+Floyd+and+Mitchell+Counties%2C+Iowa&rft.title=Groundwater+quality%2C+hydrogeology%2C+and+agricultural+drainage+wells%3B+Floyd+and+Mitchell+Counties%2C+Iowa&rft.issn=02709066&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., 16 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; aquifers; drainage; Floyd County Iowa; ground water; Iowa; Mitchell County Iowa; monitoring; nitrate ion; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; United States; water quality; water wells; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computing the wind erodible fraction of soils AN - 50248862; 1994-033643 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Fryrear, D W AU - Krammes, C A AU - Williamson, D L AU - Zobeck, T M Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 183 EP - 188 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - soils KW - granulometry KW - North America KW - micromorphology KW - erosion KW - wind erosion KW - case studies KW - physical properties KW - Great Plains KW - tillage KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - chemical composition KW - Southern Great Plains KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50248862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Computing+the+wind+erodible+fraction+of+soils&rft.au=Fryrear%2C+D+W%3BKrammes%2C+C+A%3BWilliamson%2C+D+L%3BZobeck%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Fryrear&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; chemical composition; erodibility; erosion; granulometry; Great Plains; micromorphology; North America; physical properties; soil erosion; soils; Southern Great Plains; tillage; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil drainage class probability mapping using a soil-landscape model AN - 50236958; 1994-035273 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Bell, James C AU - Cunningham, Robert L AU - Havens, Matthew W Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 464 EP - 470 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - drainage KW - statistical analysis KW - mathematical models KW - mapping KW - Mifflin County Pennsylvania KW - Juniata County Pennsylvania KW - probability KW - Pennsylvania KW - landscapes KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50236958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+drainage+class+probability+mapping+using+a+soil-landscape+model&rft.au=Bell%2C+James+C%3BCunningham%2C+Robert+L%3BHavens%2C+Matthew+W&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drainage; Juniata County Pennsylvania; land use; landscapes; mapping; mathematical models; Mifflin County Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania; probability; soils; statistical analysis; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of atrazine and degradates as contaminants of subsurface drainage and shallow groundwater AN - 50191325; 1995-009496 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Jayachandran, K AU - Steinheimer, T R AU - Somasundaram, L AU - Moorman, T B AU - Kanwar, R S AU - Coats, J R Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 311 EP - 319 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - concentration KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - Iowa KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - transport KW - atrazine KW - shallow aquifers KW - seasonal variations KW - pesticides KW - chemical composition KW - lysimeters KW - Ames Iowa KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50191325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+atrazine+and+degradates+as+contaminants+of+subsurface+drainage+and+shallow+groundwater&rft.au=Jayachandran%2C+K%3BSteinheimer%2C+T+R%3BSomasundaram%2C+L%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BKanwar%2C+R+S%3BCoats%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Jayachandran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ames Iowa; aquifers; atrazine; chemical composition; concentration; degradation; ground water; herbicides; Iowa; lysimeters; migration of elements; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; seasonal variations; shallow aquifers; transport; triazines; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sewage sludge application in semiarid grasslands; effects on vegetation and water quality AN - 50180257; 1995-018025 JF - WRRI Report AU - Aguilar, Richard AU - Loftin, Samuel R AU - Ward, Tim J AU - Stevens, Kenny A AU - Gosz, James R Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 75 PB - New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, Las Cruces, NM SN - 0731-7557, 0731-7557 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - terrestrial environment KW - erosion KW - waste water KW - Socorro County New Mexico KW - semi-arid environment KW - New Mexico KW - vegetation KW - carbon KW - organic carbon KW - heavy metals KW - Sepultura Canyon KW - organic materials KW - hydrology KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - nutrients KW - sewage sludge KW - organic compounds KW - Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge KW - runoff KW - grasslands KW - Los Pinos Mountains KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50180257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Aguilar%2C+Richard%3BLoftin%2C+Samuel+R%3BWard%2C+Tim+J%3BStevens%2C+Kenny+A%3BGosz%2C+James+R&rft.aulast=Aguilar&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Sewage+sludge+application+in+semiarid+grasslands%3B+effects+on+vegetation+and+water+quality&rft.title=Sewage+sludge+application+in+semiarid+grasslands%3B+effects+on+vegetation+and+water+quality&rft.issn=07317557&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 76 N1 - PubXState - NM N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes 3 appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NMWRAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon; erosion; grasslands; heavy metals; hydrology; Los Pinos Mountains; New Mexico; nutrients; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic materials; pollutants; pollution; runoff; semi-arid environment; Sepultura Canyon; Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge; sewage sludge; Socorro County New Mexico; terrestrial environment; United States; vegetation; waste water; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No-tillage effects on infiltration, runoff, and water conservation on dryland AN - 50126802; 1995-043838 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Jones, O R AU - Hauser, V L AU - Popham, T W Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 473 EP - 479 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water storage KW - North America KW - terrestrial environment KW - semi-arid environment KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - water management KW - soil treatment KW - Texas KW - terraces KW - models KW - physical properties KW - conservation KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - Great Plains KW - tillage KW - seasonal variations KW - Southern Great Plains KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50126802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=No-tillage+effects+on+infiltration%2C+runoff%2C+and+water+conservation+on+dryland&rft.au=Jones%2C+O+R%3BHauser%2C+V+L%3BPopham%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; conservation; Great Plains; hydrology; infiltration; models; North America; physical properties; runoff; seasonal variations; semi-arid environment; soil treatment; Southern Great Plains; terraces; terrestrial environment; Texas; tillage; United States; water management; water storage; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining the Green-Ampt effective hydraulic conductivity from rainfall-runoff data for the WEPP model AN - 50126728; 1995-043836 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Risse, L M AU - Nearing, M A AU - Savabi, M R Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 411 EP - 418 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - erosion KW - Green-Ampt model KW - prediction KW - water erosion KW - mathematical models KW - calibration KW - equations KW - models KW - Water Erosion Prediction Project KW - physical properties KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - algorithms KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50126728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Determining+the+Green-Ampt+effective+hydraulic+conductivity+from+rainfall-runoff+data+for+the+WEPP+model&rft.au=Risse%2C+L+M%3BNearing%2C+M+A%3BSavabi%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Risse&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; calibration; equations; erosion; Green-Ampt model; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; infiltration; mathematical models; models; physical properties; prediction; runoff; soils; water erosion; Water Erosion Prediction Project ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reaction and movement of nitrate in shallow ground water of riparian zones using cluster wells AN - 50098000; 1996-000973 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Starr, J L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 157 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 75 IS - 16, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - riparian zones KW - halogens KW - artificial recharge KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - bromine KW - two-dimensional models KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - denitrification KW - carbon KW - movement KW - glucose KW - tracers KW - shallow aquifers KW - nitrate ion KW - Delmarva Peninsula KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50098000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Reaction+and+movement+of+nitrate+in+shallow+ground+water+of+riparian+zones+using+cluster+wells&rft.au=Starr%2C+J+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=16%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1994 spring meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; aquifers; artificial recharge; bromine; carbon; Delmarva Peninsula; denitrification; glucose; ground water; halogens; monitoring; movement; nitrate ion; pollutants; pollution; riparian zones; shallow aquifers; tracers; two-dimensional models; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of drought on tree mortality and growth in a mixed hardwood forest AN - 1434034514; 18538288 AB - Abstract. The tree and shrub species on a 16-ha watershed in the Coweeta Basin were sampled in 1984 and again in 1991 to determine the effects of drought on tree species composition and basal area growth. Mortality and radial growth were determined for tree species within three community types that represent a moisture gradient from moist to dry: cove-hardwoods > mixed-oak > oak-pine. Tree mortality from 1984 to 1991 was 20% and 23% in the cove-hardwoods and mixed-oak communities, respectively, compared to only 12% in the oak-pine type. With the exception of Oxydendrum arboreum and Robinia pseudoacacia, the oaks had higher percentage mortality than any other genus; Quercus velutina had 29%, 37%, and 20% mortality in the cove-hardwoods, mixed-oak, and oak-pine types, respectively; Quercus prinus had 23% mortality in the mixed-oak type; Quercus coccinea had 36% mortality in the mixed-oak type; and Quercus marilandica had 27% mortality in the oak-pine type. Mortality occurred mostly in the small-size class individuals (< 10 cm in diameter) for all species, suggesting that thinning was still an important process contributing to mortality 29 yr after clearcutting. Although growth of Liriodendron tulipifera was much higher than growth of either Quercus prinus or Quercus coccinea, growth in Liriodendron was significantly reduced by the 1985-88 drought and no growth reduction was observed for these two dominant Quercus species during the same time period. JF - Journal of Vegetation Science AU - Elliott, K J AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC, 28763, USA; Tel. +1 704 524 2128; Fax +1 704 369 6767. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - Apr 1994 SP - 229 EP - 236 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1100-9233, 1100-9233 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Trees KW - Quercus coccinea KW - Quercus prinus KW - Basins KW - Forests KW - Watersheds KW - Hardwoods KW - Oxydendrum arboreum KW - Quercus KW - Robinia pseudoacacia KW - Species composition KW - Droughts KW - Shrubs KW - Mortality KW - Quercus marilandica KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - Vegetation KW - Quercus velutina KW - Thinning KW - Liriodendron KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1434034514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vegetation+Science&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+drought+on+tree+mortality+and+growth+in+a+mixed+hardwood+forest&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Vegetation+Science&rft.issn=11009233&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F3236155 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shrubs; Thinning; Mortality; Trees; Vegetation; Forests; Basins; Species composition; Watersheds; Hardwoods; Droughts; Quercus marilandica; Liriodendron tulipifera; Oxydendrum arboreum; Quercus coccinea; Robinia pseudoacacia; Quercus prinus; Quercus; Quercus velutina; Liriodendron DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3236155 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal region of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, a key protein in the biosynthesis of ethylene, results in catalytically hyperactive, monomeric enzyme. AN - 76378394; 8120053 AB - 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase is a key enzyme regulating biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene. The expression of an enzymatically active, wound-inducible tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv Pik-Red) ACC synthase (485 amino acids long) in a heterologous Escherichia coli system allowed us to study the importance of hypervariable COOH terminus in enzymatic activity and protein conformation. We constructed several deletion mutants of the gene, expressed these in E. coli, purified the protein products to apparent homogeneity, and analyzed both conformation and enzyme kinetic parameters of the wild-type and truncated ACC syntheses. Deletion of the COOH terminus through Arg429 results in complete inactivation of the enzyme. Deletion of 46-52 amino acids from the COOH terminus results in an enzyme that has nine times higher affinity for the substrate S-adenosylmethionine than the wild-type enzyme. The highly efficient, truncated ACC synthase was found to be a monomer of 52 +/- 1.8 kDa as determined by gel filtration, whereas the wild-type ACC synthase, analyzed under similar conditions, is a dimer. These results demonstrate that the non-conserved COOH terminus of ACC synthase affects its enzymatic function as well as dimerization. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Li, N AU - Mattoo, A K AD - Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (West), Maryland 20705-2350. Y1 - 1994/03/04/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 04 SP - 6908 EP - 6917 VL - 269 IS - 9 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Ethylenes KW - 0 KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - ethylene KW - 91GW059KN7 KW - Lyases KW - EC 4.- KW - 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase KW - EC 4.4.1.14 KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunoblotting KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange KW - Ethylenes -- metabolism KW - Molecular Weight KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Base Sequence KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Vegetables -- enzymology KW - Vegetables -- genetics KW - Lyases -- isolation & purification KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Lyases -- metabolism KW - Lyases -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76378394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Deletion+of+the+carboxyl-terminal+region+of+1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic+acid+synthase%2C+a+key+protein+in+the+biosynthesis+of+ethylene%2C+results+in+catalytically+hyperactive%2C+monomeric+enzyme.&rft.au=Li%2C+N%3BMattoo%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-03-04&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=6908&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - X62536; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Aspergillus parasiticus soil inoculum on invasion of peanut seeds. AN - 76635081; 8047109 AB - Environmental control plots adjusted to late season drought and elevated soil temperatures were inoculated at peanut planting with low and high levels of conidia, sclerotia, and mycelium from a brown conidial mutant of Aspergillus parasiticus. Percentage infection of peanut seeds from undamaged pods was greatest for the subplot containing the high sclerotial inoculum (15/cm2 soil surface). Sclerotia did not germinate sporogenically and may have invaded seeds through mycelium. In contrast, the mycelial inoculum (colonized peanut seed particles) released large numbers of conidia into soil. Soil conidial populations of brown A. parasiticus from treatments with conidia and mycelium were positively correlated with the incidence of seed infection in undamaged pods. The ratio of A. flavus to wild-type A. parasiticus in soil shifted from 7:3 to 1:1 in the uninoculated subplot after instigation of drought, whereas in all subplots treated with brown A. parasiticus, the ratio of the two species became approximately 8:2. Despite high levels of brown A. parasiticus populations in soil, native A. flavus often dominated peanut seeds, suggesting that it is a more aggressive species. Sclerotia of wild-type A. parasiticus formed infrequently on preharvest peanut seeds from insect-damaged pods. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Horn, B W AU - Dorner, J W AU - Greene, R L AU - Blankenship, P D AU - Cole, R J AD - National Peanut Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Dawson, Georgia. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 179 EP - 191 VL - 125 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Species Specificity KW - Aspergillosis -- microbiology KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Arachis -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76635081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Aspergillus+parasiticus+soil+inoculum+on+invasion+of+peanut+seeds.&rft.au=Horn%2C+B+W%3BDorner%2C+J+W%3BGreene%2C+R+L%3BBlankenship%2C+P+D%3BCole%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ivermectin on survival, fecundity, and egg fertility in Culicoides variipennis (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae). AN - 76572976; 8014631 AB - Colonized female Culicoides variipennis were fed through an artificial membrane on sheep blood meals containing 0-1.0 microgram/ml of ivermectin. Significant mortalities were present at 48 h postfeeding, with probit analysis yielding an LC50 of 0.35 microgram/ml and a slope of 4.12. All dosages caused significant decreases (P < 0.01) in egg production and sporadic decreases in egg hatch, with no eggs produced at 1.0 microgram/ml. There was a negative linear correlation (r2 = 0.91) between dose rate and number of eggs produced per living female. An inoculation of ivermectin at the recommended dosage of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight would not produce the serum concentration that could be expected to have noticeable effects on bloodfeeding C. variipennis. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Holbrook, F R AU - Mullens, B A AD - Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Laramie, WY 82071-3965. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 70 EP - 73 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ovum -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Fertility -- drug effects KW - Ivermectin -- pharmacology KW - Ceratopogonidae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76572976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ivermectin+on+survival%2C+fecundity%2C+and+egg+fertility+in+Culicoides+variipennis+%28Diptera%3ACeratopogonidae%29.&rft.au=Holbrook%2C+F+R%3BMullens%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Holbrook&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and sequence analysis of a gene from the linear DNA plasmid pPacl-2 of Pichia acaciae that shows similarity to a killer toxin gene of Kluyveromyces lactis. AN - 76568363; 8017110 AB - The toxin-encoding linear plasmid systems found in Pichia acaciae and Kluyveromyces lactis yeasts appear to be quite similar, both in function and structural organization. By Southern hybridization, a linear plasmid of P. acaciae, pPacl-2, was found to hybridize to the second open reading frame (ORF2) of K. lactis plasmid pGKL1, known to encode the alpha and beta subunits of the K. lactis toxin. A 1.7 kbp segment of pPacl-2 DNA was cloned, sequenced and shown to contain four regions of strong homology to four similarly oriented regions of K. lactis ORF2. This 1.7 kbp fragment also contained an ORF of 1473 bp that could encode a protein of approximately 55.8 kDa. Like the alpha subunit gene of K. lactis ORF2, a very hydrophobic region occurs at the N-terminus, perhaps representing a signal sequence for transport out of the cell. Unlike K. lactis ORF2, however, the encoded polypeptide is much smaller and lacks a recognizable domain common to chitinases. The structure of a toxin that includes the translation product of this P. acaciae ORF would likely be quite different from that of the K. lactis toxin. Analysis of the upstream region of the P. acaciae ORF revealed an upstream conserved sequence identical to that found before ORFs 8 and 9 of pGKL2. A possible hairpin loop structure, as has been described for each of the four K. lactis pGKL1 ORFs, was found just upstream of the presumed start codon. The similarity of the promoter-like elements found in the linear plasmid genes of these diverse yeasts reinforces the idea of the existence of a unique, but highly conserved, expression system for these novel plasmids. The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank data library under Accession Number U02596. JF - Yeast (Chichester, England) AU - Bolen, P L AU - Eastman, E M AU - Cihak, P L AU - Hayman, G T AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 403 EP - 414 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0749-503X, 0749-503X KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Killer Factors, Yeast KW - Mycotoxins KW - zymocin KW - killer toxin, Pichia KW - 155980-87-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Base Sequence KW - Kluyveromyces -- genetics KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Species Specificity KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Protein Conformation KW - Genes, Fungal -- genetics KW - Mycotoxins -- genetics KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Pichia -- genetics KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76568363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Infection+of+ponderosa+pine+trees+by+Armillaria+ostoyae+%3A+Residual+inoculum+versus+contagion.&rft.au=Reaves%2C+J+L%3BShaw%2C+CG+III%3BRoth%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Reaves&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U02596; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An optimized MTT bioassay for determination of cytotoxicity of fumonisins in turkey lymphocytes. AN - 76525850; 8199486 AB - In vitro cytotoxicity assays have been performed for detection and quantitation of fumonisins, as possible alternatives for whole animal testing. This study was undertaken to establish optimal in vitro conditions using turkey lymphocytes. Turkey lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood by Percoll gradient centrifugation. Cytotoxicity of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) was determined by exposing lymphocytes to FB1 or FB2 at concentrations of 0.01-25 micrograms/mL for 24, 48, or 72 h at 39 degrees C. The MTT bioassay was used to measure cell viability and proliferation. In metabolically active cells, the tetrazolium salt, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], was reduced to MTT formazan. Turkey lymphocytes that had been exposed in vitro to FB1 and FB2 for 48 and 72 h showed inhibition of cell proliferation that was dose-dependent. The 50% inhibitory dose for FB1 and FB2 was 0.4-5 micrograms/mL. Cells exposed to FB1 or FB2 exhibited high levels of cytoplasmic vacuolization and were unable to proliferate, whereas proliferation of control lymphocytes was observed at 48 and 72 h. FB2 was 3- to 4-fold more cytotoxic than FB1. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, M A AU - Bennett, G A AU - Richard, J L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604. PY - 1994 SP - 512 EP - 516 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Tetrazolium Salts KW - Thiazoles KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - thiazolyl blue KW - EUY85H477I KW - Index Medicus KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Animals KW - Turkeys KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic KW - Lymphocytes -- chemistry KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76525850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=An+optimized+MTT+bioassay+for+determination+of+cytotoxicity+of+fumonisins+in+turkey+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Dombrink-Kurtzman%2C+M+A%3BBennett%2C+G+A%3BRichard%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Dombrink-Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of ochratoxin A and diacetoxyscirpenol singly and in combination on broiler chickens. AN - 76473224; 8177819 AB - The effects of feeding 2 mg ochratoxin A (OA) and 6 mg 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)/kg of diet singly and in combination were characterized in male broiler chicks from 1 to 19 d of age. Body weights were depressed by OA, DAS, and the OA-DAS combination. There was a significant antagonistic interaction between OA and DAS for uric acid and cholesterol. The efficiency of feed utilization was reduced by DAS alone and by the OA-DAS combination. When compared with controls, additive toxicity was exhibited for reduced efficiency of feed utilization, increased relative weights of the liver and gizzard, and decreased concentration of serum total protein, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. All chicks were scored for oral lesions using a scale of 1 to 4 (0 = no visible lesions; 3 = severe lesions). Oral lesions (average score = 2.6) were present in over 90% of the chicks receiving the DAS diet with or without OA. These data demonstrate that both OA and DAS alone and the OA-DAS combination can adversely affect broiler performance and health. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Edrington, T S AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 408 EP - 415 VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Ochratoxins KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - diacetoxyscirpenol KW - 2270-40-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Animal Feed KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Trichothecenes -- administration & dosage KW - Ochratoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Ochratoxins -- adverse effects KW - Trichothecenes -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76473224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+ochratoxin+A+and+diacetoxyscirpenol+singly+and+in+combination+on+broiler+chickens.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=408&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular toxicities and membrane binding characteristics of insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis toward cultured insect cells. AN - 76468727; 8176242 AB - The pattern of in vitro toxicity of activated toxins from several classes of entomocidal inclusion genes from Bacillus thuringiensis was measured using eight established cell lines from lepidopteran insects. Protoxins representing CryIA(b), CryIA(c), and a mixture of all three CryIA toxins (subtypes a, b, and c; from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1) were compared with the protoxin representing CryIC in a bioassay which measured the viability of cultured insect cells upon exposure to entomocidal toxin proteins. The responses of the various cell lines were very specific toward the individual toxin proteins. CryIC activated protoxin was toxic for cells of Manduca sexta, Plodia interpunctella, and to a lesser extent Spodoptera frugiperda. CryIA(b) and CryIA(c) proteins were toxic toward M. sexta but relatively non-toxic for P. interpunctella or S. frugiperda. The toxicity of CryIA(b), CryIA(c), and the composite CryIA activated toxins toward cells of Choristoneura fumiferana varied substantially, with the CryIA mixture being slightly more toxic than CryIA(c) alone. CryIC toxin had no effect toward C. fumiferana cells. Probit regression analysis of dose-response relationships between insect species and crystal protein composition demonstrated specific patterns of toxicity which may be related to membrane-receptor site binding by specific toxins. Membrane binding analysis of 125I-labeled CryIA(b), CryIA(c), and CryIC toxins to insect cells from three of the cell lines yielded high specific binding only with M. sexta cells toward CryIA(c) toxin. Lower levels of binding were observed with CryIA(b) and CryIC toward cells of C. fumiferana and P. interpunctella. Although relatively low binding levels for CryIC were observed with P. interpunctella cells, toxicity was high for these cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of invertebrate pathology AU - Johnson, D E AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, Manhattan, Kansas 66502. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 123 EP - 129 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Endotoxins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- toxicity KW - Insects -- cytology KW - Insects -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Insects -- drug effects KW - Endotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76468727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Effect+of+pasture+age+on+soil+trace-gas+emissions+from+a+deforested+area+of+Costa+Rica.&rft.au=Keller%2C+M%3BVeldkamp%2C+E%3BWeitz%2C+A+M%3BReiners%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=6443&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial overgrowth without clinical malabsorption in elderly hypochlorhydric subjects. AN - 76384090; 8119531 AB - Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine commonly occurs in association with hypochlorhydria caused by atrophic gastritis or during treatment with omeprazole. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of bacterial overgrowth on small intestinal absorption and permeability and to evaluate the reliability of noninvasive breath tests to detect bacterial overgrowth in subjects with hypochlorhydria. Seventeen healthy, elderly subjects with atrophic gastritis or omeprazole treatment (40 mg/day) and documented bacterial overgrowth were studied. There was no evidence of fat malabsorption (72-hour fecal fat) or clinically significant carbohydrate malabsorption (25 g D-xylose and fecal pH) in any subject. The ratio of lactulose to mannitol excreted was normal in both atrophic gastritis and omeprazole-treated groups. Three subjects in each group had abnormally high alpha 1-antitrypsin clearances. Lactulose (10 g) and glucose (80 g) hydrogen breath tests were only abnormal in 1 out of 17 subjects, whereas the 1 g [14C]D-xylose test was abnormal in 6 out of 17 subjects. Bacterial overgrowth caused by atrophic gastritis or omeprazole treatment is typically not associated with clinically significant fat or carbohydrate malabsorption. Noninvasive breath tests for bacterial overgrowth are not reliable in subjects with hypochlorhydria. JF - Gastroenterology AU - Saltzman, J R AU - Kowdley, K V AU - Pedrosa, M C AU - Sepe, T AU - Golner, B AU - Perrone, G AU - Russell, R M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 615 EP - 623 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0016-5085, 0016-5085 KW - Carbohydrates KW - 0 KW - Fats KW - Mannitol KW - 3OWL53L36A KW - Lactulose KW - 4618-18-2 KW - Xylose KW - A1TA934AKO KW - Omeprazole KW - KG60484QX9 KW - Vitamin B 12 KW - P6YC3EG204 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Omeprazole -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Vitamin B 12 -- blood KW - Lactulose -- urine KW - Fats -- analysis KW - Mannitol -- urine KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Xylose -- urine KW - Carbohydrates -- pharmacokinetics KW - Gastritis -- metabolism KW - Middle Aged KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - Gastritis -- microbiology KW - Fats -- pharmacokinetics KW - Female KW - Male KW - Achlorhydria -- microbiology KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Achlorhydria -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76384090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Bacterial+overgrowth+without+clinical+malabsorption+in+elderly+hypochlorhydric+subjects.&rft.au=Saltzman%2C+J+R%3BKowdley%2C+K+V%3BPedrosa%2C+M+C%3BSepe%2C+T%3BGolner%2C+B%3BPerrone%2C+G%3BRussell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Saltzman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gastroenterology&rft.issn=00165085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Gastroenterology. 1994 Oct;107(4):1214-5 [7926479] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface reclamation of the Big Lake oil field AN - 50274391; 1994-015979 JF - AAPG Bulletin AU - Weathers, Michael L AU - Moore, Kenneth R AU - Ford, Donald L AU - Curlee, Charles K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 499 PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0149-1423, 0149-1423 KW - wells KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Reagan County Texas KW - reclamation KW - drainage KW - Big Lake Field KW - pumping KW - injection KW - Texas KW - petroleum KW - vegetation KW - salt water KW - oil and gas fields KW - evaporation KW - percolation KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - discharge KW - water wells KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50274391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Surface+reclamation+of+the+Big+Lake+oil+field&rft.au=Weathers%2C+Michael+L%3BMoore%2C+Kenneth+R%3BFord%2C+Donald+L%3BCurlee%2C+Charles+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Weathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.issn=01491423&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aapgbull.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AAPG Southwest Section meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AABUD2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Big Lake Field; discharge; drainage; evaporation; hydrology; injection; leaching; oil and gas fields; percolation; petroleum; pumping; Reagan County Texas; reclamation; salt water; soils; Texas; United States; vegetation; waste disposal; water wells; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption and desorption of imazethapyr and 5-hydroximazethapyr in Minnesota soils AN - 50163675; 1995-032436 JF - Weed Science AU - Gan, Jianying AU - Weimer, Monte R AU - Koskinen, William C AU - Buhler, Douglas D AU - Wyse, Donald L AU - Becker, Roger L Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 92 EP - 97 PB - Weed Science Society of America, Champaign, IL VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - United States KW - metabolites KW - sorption KW - desorption KW - hysteresis KW - degradation KW - organic residues KW - Waseca Minnesota KW - laboratory studies KW - Freundlich isotherms KW - chemical properties KW - mobility KW - soils KW - Minnesota KW - experimental studies KW - imazethapyr KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - imazaquin KW - 5-hydroximazethapyr KW - isotherms KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50163675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Sorption+and+desorption+of+imazethapyr+and+5-hydroximazethapyr+in+Minnesota+soils&rft.au=Gan%2C+Jianying%3BWeimer%2C+Monte+R%3BKoskinen%2C+William+C%3BBuhler%2C+Douglas+D%3BWyse%2C+Donald+L%3BBecker%2C+Roger+L&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=Jianying&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 5-hydroximazethapyr; chemical properties; degradation; desorption; experimental studies; Freundlich isotherms; hysteresis; imazaquin; imazethapyr; isotherms; laboratory studies; metabolites; migration of elements; Minnesota; mobility; organic residues; pesticides; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; soils; sorption; United States; Waseca Minnesota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Center pivots and linear moves AN - 16066722; 4105546 AB - The growth of center pivot and linear move (CP/LM) systems was very rapid through about 1982, but has steadily continued to the present time. Currently, they irrigate almost 25 percent of the total irrigated area and low-flow pressurized systems irrigate four percent of the total. There has been little change in total irrigated area in the past decade. Some of the increase in center pivot and linear move acreage is conversion from gravity systems, and the remainder is development of new lands which offset previously gravity-irrigated lands no longer irrigated. Many factors have driven the transition from complete dominance of surface irrigation to 25 percent of the total irrigation with center pivots and linear moves, some of which will be highlighted. JF - Irrigation Journal AU - Heermann, D F AU - Duke, H R AU - Buchleiter, G W AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Service's Water Manage. Res. Unit, Fort Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - Mar 1994 SP - 16 EP - 23 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0047-1518, 0047-1518 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - irrigation engineering KW - sprinkler irrigation KW - design criteria KW - irrigation design KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16066722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Journal&rft.atitle=Center+pivots+and+linear+moves&rft.au=Heermann%2C+D+F%3BDuke%2C+H+R%3BBuchleiter%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Heermann&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Journal&rft.issn=00471518&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sprinkler irrigation; design criteria; irrigation design; irrigation engineering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors and surveillance for bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States. AN - 76435979; 8163424 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Bleem, A M AU - Crom, R L AU - Francy, D B AU - Hueston, W D AU - Kopral, C AU - Walker, K AD - Center for Epidemiology, USDA, Fort Collins, CO 80521. Y1 - 1994/02/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 15 SP - 644 EP - 651 VL - 204 IS - 4 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sheep KW - Brain -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- veterinary KW - Animal Feed KW - Cattle KW - United Kingdom -- epidemiology KW - Scrapie -- epidemiology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Risk Factors KW - Scrapie -- prevention & control KW - Food Contamination KW - Incidence KW - Animals, Zoo KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform -- epidemiology KW - Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform -- etiology KW - Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76435979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+and+surveillance+for+bovine+spongiform+encephalopathy+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Bleem%2C+A+M%3BCrom%2C+R+L%3BFrancy%2C+D+B%3BHueston%2C+W+D%3BKopral%2C+C%3BWalker%2C+K&rft.aulast=Bleem&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-02-15&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994 Jun 1;204(11):1734-5 [8063589] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Altered protoxin activation by midgut enzymes from a Bacillus thuringiensis resistant strain of Plodia interpunctella. AN - 76381443; 8117300 AB - Processing of Bacillus thuringiensis protoxins to toxins by midgut proteinases from a strain of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), resistant to B. thuringiensis subspecies entomocidus (HD-198) was slower than that by midgut proteinases from the susceptible parent strain or a strain resistant to B. thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (HD-1, Dipel). Midgut extracts from entomocidus-resistant insects exhibited five-fold lower activity toward the synthetic substrate alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine rho-nitroanilide than extracts from susceptible or kurstaki-resistant insects. Midgut enzymes from susceptible or kurstaki-resistant insects converted the 133 kDa CryIA(c) protoxin to 61-63 kDa proteins, while incubations with entomocidus-resistant enzymes resulted in predominantly products of intermediate size, even with increased amounts of midgut extract. The 61-63 kDa proteins were only produced by entomocidus-resistant midgut extracts after long term incubations with the protoxin. The data suggest that altered protoxin activation by midgut proteinases is involved in some types of insect resistance to B. thuringiensis. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Oppert, B AU - Kramer, K J AU - Johnson, D E AU - MacIntosh, S C AU - McGaughey, W H AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, ARS-USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502-2736. Y1 - 1994/02/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 15 SP - 940 EP - 947 VL - 198 IS - 3 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Bacillus thuringiensis protoxin KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - Insecticides KW - Protein Precursors KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Endotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Immunity, Innate KW - Molecular Weight KW - Endotoxins -- metabolism KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Digestive System -- enzymology KW - Moths -- enzymology KW - Moths -- drug effects KW - Protein Precursors -- toxicity KW - Protein Precursors -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Toxins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Toxins -- isolation & purification KW - Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Toxins -- toxicity KW - Bacillus thuringiensis -- pathogenicity KW - Protein Precursors -- isolation & purification KW - Moths -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76381443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Altered+protoxin+activation+by+midgut+enzymes+from+a+Bacillus+thuringiensis+resistant+strain+of+Plodia+interpunctella.&rft.au=Oppert%2C+B%3BKramer%2C+K+J%3BJohnson%2C+D+E%3BMacIntosh%2C+S+C%3BMcGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Oppert&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-02-15&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=940&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal well-being in pharmacology and toxicology research. AN - 76438494; 8157540 AB - The primary objective of this paper is to heighten the awareness of animal welfare issues among animal scientists. Emphasis is placed on issues relating to pharmacology and toxicology research with animals. Use of both laboratory animals and farm animals is addressed; major consideration is given to domestic livestock. Animal welfare issues are complex and have philosophical, ethical, legal, societal, scientific, and biological bases and implications. There is substantial diversity in public opinion and perception regarding use of animals in research, including the belief among some people that use of animals in research should be eliminated altogether. Increasingly, public opinion is tending toward expectations of alternatives to the use of live animals for research. From an animal scientist's viewpoint, although the availability and development of viable alternatives are increasing, live animal research in pharmacology and toxicology currently has no acceptable alternative, in many cases because of the complex interactions involved in whole-animal (biological) systems. Compliance with federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and policies requires animal scientists to use only appropriate species for research, use the minimum number of animals needed, minimize pain and discomfort, and consider alternatives to the use of live animals. In summary, it is essential that animal scientists be advocates of animal well-being and adhere to appropriate guidelines for animal care and use when conducting research with animals. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Hammond, A C AD - Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, ARS, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34605-0046. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 523 EP - 527 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Animal Rights KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Toxicology -- standards KW - Research -- standards KW - Animal Welfare -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Animals, Laboratory UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76438494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Animal+well-being+in+pharmacology+and+toxicology+research.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-17 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effective dose in cattle of toxic alkaloids from tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi). AN - 76432355; 8154094 AB - We determined the po toxicity of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) of known alkaloid composition to cattle. We calculated the effective dose at which the alkaloids methyllycaconitine and 14-deacetylnudicauline, collectively termed total toxic alkaloid, caused collapse and sternal recumbency. The effective dose of total toxic alkaloid that produced sternal recumbency in steers was 11.2 mg/kg bw. Based on this dose, we hypothesize that the LD50 for a po dose of total toxic alkaloids in cattle will be 25 to 40 mg/kg bw. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Pfister, J A AU - Panter, K E AU - Manners, G D AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 10 EP - 11 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - 14-deacetylnudicauline KW - 119347-24-9 KW - methyllycaconitine KW - 21019-30-7 KW - Aconitine KW - X8YN71D5WC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Aconitine -- toxicity KW - Aconitine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Male KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Animal Feed KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76432355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effective+dose+in+cattle+of+toxic+alkaloids+from+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+barbeyi%29.&rft.au=Pfister%2C+J+A%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BManners%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater fluctuations estimated from rainfall and evaporation data AN - 52793471; 1996-079664 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Daniel, John A AU - Starks, Patrick J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 5 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - rainfall KW - statistical analysis KW - agriculture KW - Little Washita River basin KW - ground water KW - water table KW - Oklahoma KW - hydrologic cycle KW - evaporation KW - central Oklahoma KW - levels KW - infiltration KW - discharge KW - water resources KW - regression analysis KW - climate KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52793471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Groundwater+fluctuations+estimated+from+rainfall+and+evaporation+data&rft.au=Daniel%2C+John+A%3BStarks%2C+Patrick+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, South-Central Section, 28th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; central Oklahoma; climate; discharge; evaporation; ground water; hydrologic cycle; infiltration; levels; Little Washita River basin; Oklahoma; rainfall; regression analysis; statistical analysis; United States; water resources; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retention of solutes by clayey coastal plains soils AN - 50253102; 1994-028752 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Sheridan, J M Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 90 EP - 96 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - clay KW - clastic sediments KW - solutes KW - nitrates KW - ground water KW - physical properties KW - mineral composition KW - loam KW - sediments KW - retention KW - leaching KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50253102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Retention+of+solutes+by+clayey+coastal+plains+soils&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BSheridan%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - IA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; clastic sediments; clay; ground water; leaching; loam; mineral composition; nitrates; physical properties; retention; sediments; soils; solutes; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Grid size dependency of parameters extracted from digital elevation models AN - 50250656; 1994-028425 JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Garbrecht, J AU - Martz, L Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 85 EP - 87 PB - Pergamon, New York-Oxford-Toronto VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - hydrology KW - drainage KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - channels KW - mapping KW - applications KW - interpretation KW - digital terrain models KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50250656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=Grid+size+dependency+of+parameters+extracted+from+digital+elevation+models&rft.au=Garbrecht%2C+J%3BMartz%2C+L&rft.aulast=Garbrecht&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; channels; data processing; digital terrain models; drainage; hydrology; interpretation; mapping; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of water in soils under gravel and sand mulches AN - 50242398; 1994-035283 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Kemper, W D AU - Nicks, A D AU - Corey, A T Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 56 EP - 63 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - sand KW - clastic sediments KW - mathematical models KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - gravel KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - recharge KW - evaporation KW - infiltration KW - sediments KW - water regimes KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50242398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+water+in+soils+under+gravel+and+sand+mulches&rft.au=Kemper%2C+W+D%3BNicks%2C+A+D%3BCorey%2C+A+T&rft.aulast=Kemper&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; atmospheric precipitation; clastic sediments; evaporation; gravel; ground water; infiltration; mathematical models; recharge; sand; sediments; soils; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with an adaptively corrected method of characteristics to simulate variably saturated water flow AN - 50179024; 1994-037419 AB - A relatively simple method of characteristics is developed to simulate one-dimensional variably saturated water flow. The method uses the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to separate the governing flow equation into "convection" and "diffusion" parts, which are solved with the method of characteristics and the conventional finite element method, respectively. The method of characteristics combines a single-step reverse particle tracking technique with a correction strategy to ensure accurate mass balances. The correction process is implemented by weighing the calculated convective contribution to the pressure head at each node with the pressure head values of two upstream nodes, using an adaptive weighing factor lambda . The value of lambda is automatically adjusted by considering the global mass balance at each time step. Numerical experiments for ponded infiltration are presented to illustrate the scheme's performance for situations involving highly nonlinear soil hydraulic properties and extremely dry initial conditions. Results indicate that the proposed method is mass-conservative, virtually oscillation-free, and computationally quite efficient. The method is especially effective for simulating highly nonlinear flow scenarios for which traditional finite difference and finite element numerical methods often fail to converge. Copyright 1994 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Huang, K AU - Zhang, R AU - van Genuchten, M T Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 499 EP - 507 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - diffusion KW - numerical models KW - unsteady flow KW - unsaturated zone KW - convection KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - models KW - infiltration KW - movement KW - mathematical methods KW - water regimes KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - algorithms KW - Eulerian-Lagrangian method KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50179024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=An+Eulerian-Lagrangian+approach+with+an+adaptively+corrected+method+of+characteristics+to+simulate+variably+saturated+water+flow&rft.au=Huang%2C+K%3BZhang%2C+R%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F93WR02881 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; convection; diffusion; Eulerian-Lagrangian method; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; infiltration; mathematical methods; models; movement; numerical models; simulation; unsaturated zone; unsteady flow; water regimes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93WR02881 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial distribution of atrazine residues in soil and shallow groundwater; effect of tillage and rainfall timing AN - 50161327; 1995-029305 JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Isensee, A R Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 67 EP - 76 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - soils KW - concentration KW - climatic controls KW - experimental studies KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - statistical analysis KW - kriging KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - residence time KW - shallow aquifers KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50161327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Spatial+distribution+of+atrazine+residues+in+soil+and+shallow+groundwater%3B+effect+of+tillage+and+rainfall+timing&rft.au=Sadeghi%2C+A+M%3BIsensee%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Sadeghi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01678809 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; atrazine; climatic controls; concentration; degradation; experimental studies; ground water; herbicides; kriging; leaching; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; residence time; shallow aquifers; soils; statistical analysis; triazines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling environmental effects on enhanced carbofuran degradation AN - 50145364; 1995-034153 JF - Pesticide Science AU - Parkin, Timothy B AU - Shelton, Daniel R Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 163 EP - 168 PB - Elsevier Applied Science, Essex VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - United States KW - thallophytes KW - soils KW - biodegradation KW - Plantae KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - Beltsville Maryland KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - carbofuran KW - carbon dioxide KW - Prince Georges County Maryland KW - bacteria KW - Maryland KW - pesticides KW - kinetics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50145364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Modeling+environmental+effects+on+enhanced+carbofuran+degradation&rft.au=Parkin%2C+Timothy+B%3BShelton%2C+Daniel+R&rft.aulast=Parkin&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; Beltsville Maryland; biodegradation; carbofuran; carbon dioxide; experimental studies; kinetics; Maryland; monitoring; pesticides; physicochemical properties; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; Prince Georges County Maryland; soil treatment; soils; thallophytes; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture sensors for continuous monitoring AN - 50134105; 1995-053077 JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Amer, Saud A AU - Keefer, Timothy O AU - Weltz, Mark A AU - Goodrich, David C AU - Bach, Leslie B Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 69 EP - 83 PB - American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - United States KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - electrical properties KW - monitoring KW - bulk density KW - in situ KW - moisture KW - techniques KW - Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed KW - physical properties KW - detection KW - Arizona KW - Cochise County Arizona KW - chemical properties KW - time domain analysis KW - accuracy KW - pore water KW - instruments KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50134105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture+sensors+for+continuous+monitoring&rft.au=Amer%2C+Saud+A%3BKeefer%2C+Timothy+O%3BWeltz%2C+Mark+A%3BGoodrich%2C+David+C%3BBach%2C+Leslie+B&rft.aulast=Amer&rft.aufirst=Saud&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; Arizona; bulk density; chemical properties; Cochise County Arizona; detection; electrical properties; experimental studies; in situ; instruments; moisture; monitoring; physical properties; pore water; soils; techniques; time domain analysis; United States; Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of surface runoff and sediment yields from low- and high-severity site preparation burns AN - 50129635; 1995-053075 JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Robichaud, P R AU - Waldrop, T A Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 27 EP - 34 PB - American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - rainfall KW - moisture KW - Appalachians KW - Appalachian Plateau KW - simulation KW - models KW - fires KW - physical properties KW - infiltration KW - sediment yield KW - runoff KW - sediments KW - ecology KW - Piedmont KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50129635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+surface+runoff+and+sediment+yields+from+low-+and+high-severity+site+preparation+burns&rft.au=Robichaud%2C+P+R%3BWaldrop%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Robichaud&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; ecology; fires; hydrology; infiltration; land use; models; moisture; North America; physical properties; Piedmont; rainfall; runoff; sediment yield; sediments; simulation; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance evaluation of hexane-extracted oils from genetically modified soybeans AN - 21250608; 11716438 AB - Soybeans produced by induced mutation breeding and hybridization were cracked, flaked and hexane-extracted, and the recovered crude oils were processed to finished edible oils by laboratory simulations of commercial oil-processing procedures. Three lines yielded oils containing 1.7, 1.9 and 2.5% linolenic acid. These low-linolenic acid oils were evaluated along with oil extracted from the cultivar Hardin, grown at the same time and location, and they were processed at the same time. The oil from Hardin contained 6.5% linolenic acid. Low-linolenic acid oils showed improved flavor stability in accelerated storage tests after 8 d in the dark at 60°C and after 8h at 7500 lux at 30°C, conditions generally considered in stress testing. Room odor testing indicated that the low-linolenic oils showed significantly lower fishy odor after 1 h at 190°C and lower acrid/pungent odor after 5 h. Potatoes were fried in the oils at 190°C after 5, 10 and 15 h of use. Overall flavor quality of the potatoes fried in the low-linolenic oils was good and significantly better after all time periods than that of potatoes fried in the standard oil. No fishy flavors were perceived with potatoes fried in the low-linolenic oils. Total volatile and polar compound content of all heated oils increased with frying hours, with no significant differences observed. After 15 h of frying, the free fatty acid content in all oils remained below 0.3%. Lowering the linolenic acid content of soybean oil by breeding was particularly beneficial for improved oil quality during cooking and frying. Flavor quality of fried foods was enhanced with these low-linolenic acid oils. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Mounts, T L AU - Warner, K AU - List, G R AD - Food Quality and Safety Research, USDA, ARS, NCAUR, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, Illinois Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - Feb 1994 SP - 157 EP - 161 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - Linolenic acid KW - Flavor KW - Oils KW - Stress KW - Shelf life KW - Soybeans KW - Breeding KW - Volatiles KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Cooking KW - Fatty acids KW - Odor KW - Food quality KW - Mutation KW - R 18065:Food science KW - G 07880:Human Genetics KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21250608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Performance+evaluation+of+hexane-extracted+oils+from+genetically+modified+soybeans&rft.au=Mounts%2C+T+L%3BWarner%2C+K%3BList%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Mounts&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02541550 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Linolenic acid; Flavor; Oils; Stress; Shelf life; Soybeans; Breeding; Volatiles; Cooking; Fatty acids; Odor; Food quality; Mutation; Solanum tuberosum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02541550 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yield, yield components, and fiber properties of insect-resistant cotton lines containing a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene AN - 15879634; 4031778 AB - Crop yield and quality could be affected in transgenic crop plants carrying foreign genes which confer resistance to plant pests. Scientists at Monsanto Company produced nine transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines, each containing one of the two Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Berliner) constructs, cryIA(b) or cryIA(c), that encode a protein toxic to lepidopteran insects. We undertook this study to determine whether these transgenic lines exhibit any undesirable agronomic or fiber properties. At Maricopa, AZ, we grew five, four, and three transgenic lines in field plots in 1990, 1991, and 1992, respectively; the parental 'Coker 312' and the locally adapted, nectariless, high fiber-strength 'Md 51 ne' were included each year. Somaclonal variation, insertion of the insect-control protein genes, and the expression of the insecticidal protein caused no general reduction in lint yield, primary or secondary yield components, or fiber properties. The transgenic lines varied significantly in every trait measured. Mean lint yields over the 3 yr were as follows: transgenic lines, 135.4 plus or minus 4.5 g m super(-2); Coker 312, 115.1 plus or minus 7.7 g m super(-2), MD 51 ne, 141.2 plus or minus 11.4 g m super(-2). Six of the nine transgenic lines yielded significantly more lint (13-30%) than did Coker 312. Lint yields of the same six lines (10% less to 7% more) were not significantly different than that of MD 51 ne. Compared with Coker 312, four of nine transgenic lines had longer fiber, eight had stronger fiber, two had higher fiber elongation, and two did not differ significantly in micronaire. Compared with MD 51 ne, five of the nine transgenic lines did not differ significantly in fiber length, two did not differ in strength, three did not differ in elongation, and six did not differ in micronaire. These transgenic lines are valuable sources of germplasm, not only for insect resistance but also for agronomic and fiber properties. JF - Crop Science AU - Wilson, F D AU - Flint, H M AU - Deaton, W R AU - Buehler, R E AD - USDA-ARS, Western Cotton Res. Lab., 4135 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - Feb 1994 SP - 38 EP - 41 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - cryIA(b) gene KW - cryIA(c) gene KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - genetic engineering KW - toxins KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Lepidoptera KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - A 01030:General KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15879634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Yield%2C+yield+components%2C+and+fiber+properties+of+insect-resistant+cotton+lines+containing+a+Bacillus+thuringiensis+toxin+gene&rft.au=Wilson%2C+F+D%3BFlint%2C+H+M%3BDeaton%2C+W+R%3BBuehler%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Gossypium hirsutum; Lepidoptera; toxins; genetic engineering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response characteristics of galactose-induced cataract in the rat. AN - 77810784; 7715918 AB - The onset and progression of cataract was investigated in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats fed 10, 15, 20 and 30% dietary galactose (groups 1-4) for 45-226 days. Cataracts were graded on a 0-5 scale. After 226 days, 9% of the rats fed 10% galactose developed lesions beyond the very early stage of cataractogenesis (grade 1). After 154 days 50% of the rats fed 15% galactose developed subcortical cataract (grade 3) with no nuclear cataract. In the rats fed 20% galactose, an initial rapid development by 31 days of a grade 3 cataract was observed in 50% of the eyes. Advancement to grade 4 and grade 5 cataract proceeded more slowly; by 207 days, 45% of the eyes had grade 5 cataract. In rats fed 30% galactose, rapid vacuolization and development of nuclear cataracts (grade 5) were observed by day 44. Dietary galactose at levels of 20 and 30% was associated with a significant reduction in weight gain at the early stage of dietary treatment. These observations demonstrate that 10-30% dietary galactose induces cataract in rat lens in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. These data serve to further establish this animal model as a useful model for studying the sequelae of cataractogenesis. JF - Ophthalmic research AU - Meydani, M AU - Martin, A AU - Sastre, J AU - Smith, D AU - Dallal, G AU - Taylor, A AU - Blumberg, J AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Mass. 02111. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 368 EP - 374 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0030-3747, 0030-3747 KW - Galactose KW - X2RN3Q8DNE KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Lens, Crystalline -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Lens, Crystalline -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Cataract -- pathology KW - Cataract -- chemically induced KW - Galactose -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77810784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ophthalmic+research&rft.atitle=Dose-response+characteristics+of+galactose-induced+cataract+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Meydani%2C+M%3BMartin%2C+A%3BSastre%2C+J%3BSmith%2C+D%3BDallal%2C+G%3BTaylor%2C+A%3BBlumberg%2C+J&rft.aulast=Meydani&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ophthalmic+research&rft.issn=00303747&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody prepared against plant actin. AN - 77731495; 7859296 AB - Anti-actin monoclonal antibodies were prepared using phalloidin-stabilized actin that was purified from pea roots by DNase I affinity chromatography. One monoclonal antibody, designated mAb3H11, bound plant actin in preliminary screenings and was further analyzed. Immunoblot analysis showed that this antibody had a high affinity for plant actin in crude and purified preparations but a low affinity for rabbit muscle actin. In immunoblots of plant extracts separated on two-dimensional gels it appeared to bind all actin isoforms recognized by the JLA20 anti-chicken actin antibody. Using immunofluorescent cytochemistry, the antibody was used to observe actin filaments in aldehyde-fixed and methanol-treated tobacco protoplasts. These results indicate that mAb3H11 should be a useful reagent for the study of plant actins. JF - Cell motility and the cytoskeleton AU - Andersland, J M AU - Fisher, D D AU - Wymer, C L AU - Cyr, R J AU - Parthasarathy, M V AD - Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 339 EP - 344 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0886-1544, 0886-1544 KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - Microfilament Proteins KW - Cytochalasin D KW - 22144-77-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Peas KW - Immunoblotting KW - Microfilament Proteins -- ultrastructure KW - Hybridomas KW - Gossypium KW - Pollen KW - Tobacco -- ultrastructure KW - Microfilament Proteins -- drug effects KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Antibody Specificity KW - Zea mays KW - Cytochalasin D -- pharmacology KW - Protoplasts -- ultrastructure KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- isolation & purification KW - Actin Cytoskeleton -- chemistry KW - Actin Cytoskeleton -- ultrastructure KW - Actins -- immunology KW - Actins -- analysis KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77731495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+motility+and+the+cytoskeleton&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+monoclonal+antibody+prepared+against+plant+actin.&rft.au=Andersland%2C+J+M%3BFisher%2C+D+D%3BWymer%2C+C+L%3BCyr%2C+R+J%3BParthasarathy%2C+M+V&rft.aulast=Andersland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+motility+and+the+cytoskeleton&rft.issn=08861544&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative stress to lens crystallins. AN - 76578867; 8015487 JF - Methods in enzymology AU - Jahngen-Hodge, J AU - Taylor, A AU - Shang, F AU - Huang, L L AU - Mura, C AD - Department of Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 512 EP - 522 VL - 233 SN - 0076-6879, 0076-6879 KW - Aldehydes KW - 0 KW - Cesium Radioisotopes KW - Crystallins KW - Ketones KW - Oxidants KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Mercaptoethanol KW - 60-24-2 KW - Tryptophan KW - 8DUH1N11BX KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Aldehydes -- analysis KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Humans KW - Mercaptoethanol -- pharmacology KW - Molecular Weight KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Cattle KW - Tryptophan -- analysis KW - Ketones -- analysis KW - Oxidants -- toxicity KW - Oxygen -- toxicity KW - Crystallins -- radiation effects KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- analysis KW - Crystallins -- drug effects KW - Crystallins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76578867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.atitle=Oxidative+stress+to+lens+crystallins.&rft.au=Jahngen-Hodge%2C+J%3BTaylor%2C+A%3BShang%2C+F%3BHuang%2C+L+L%3BMura%2C+C&rft.aulast=Jahngen-Hodge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=233&rft.issue=&rft.spage=512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.issn=00766879&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella enteritidis in eggs from commercial chicken layer flocks implicated in human outbreaks. AN - 76542784; 8002898 AB - Eggs were cultured from four commercial chicken layer houses implicated in three human outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis serotype enteritidis infection as part of the activities of the USDA-APHIS, VS, Salmonella enteritidis Task Force. Each house was part of a multiple in-line complex, ranging from three to seven houses. Houses were located on three separate farms, and each house contained between 50,000 and 80,000 chickens. S. enteritidis phage types 8, 13a, and 23 were isolated from samples taken from environmental and organ tissue samples, but only phage type 8 was cultured from eggs. Phage type 8 was isolated from humans in all three S. enteritidis outbreaks. Frequency estimates of contaminated eggs ranged from 0.03% to 0.90%. JF - Avian diseases AU - Henzler, D J AU - Ebel, E AU - Sanders, J AU - Kradel, D AU - Mason, J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782. PY - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 43 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Microclimate KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella Infections -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76542784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Salmonella+enteritidis+in+eggs+from+commercial+chicken+layer+flocks+implicated+in+human+outbreaks.&rft.au=Henzler%2C+D+J%3BEbel%2C+E%3BSanders%2C+J%3BKradel%2C+D%3BMason%2C+J&rft.aulast=Henzler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella enteritidis control programs in the United States. AN - 76430783; 8155473 AB - A sharply rising incidence of salmonellosis in humans caused by Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in the United States between 1985 and 1989 resulted in a government-sponsored outbreak traceback program which was started in 1990. Layer flocks considered the sources of egg-implicated outbreaks would be tested for SE and the eggs from these flocks would be diverted to pasteurization plants. A program to eliminate SE from primary and multiplier breeding flocks was started at the same time. A subsequent spent hen survey and a survey of prepasteurized liquid egg material revealed that SE was much more prevalent than had been suspected, and that the highest prevalence was found in the northeastern and middle Atlantic states. Since the SE rates did not decrease during the next 2 years, a pilot project was started in 1992 in Pennsylvania, in one of the most highly affected areas. The project was designed to reduce the number of SE outbreaks by diverting eggs from SE-affected flocks and at the same time attempting to delineate the epidemiology and control aspects of the disease. With the results generated during the fist 18 months of the Pilot Project, a much larger SE prevention program will start in the same area, in October 1993. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Mason, J AD - Salmonella enteritidis Control Program, USDA, APHIS, Hyattsville, MD 20782. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 155 EP - 169 VL - 21 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Pest Control KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Pilot Projects KW - Pennsylvania KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Muridae -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76430783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=Experimental+design+and+analysis+in+field+studies+of+aquatic+vegetation&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BWhitehand%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of feeding ponderosa pine needle extracts and their residues to pregnant cattle. AN - 76353620; 8313706 AB - Solvents including ethanol, methylene chloride, acetone, hexane, and hot and cold water were used in separate procedures to extract needles and bark from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa L.) to determine which system was optimal for the extraction of abortifacient compound(s). The extracts and residues therefrom were fed by gavage to pregnant cows beginning at day 250 of gestation. After methylene chloride extraction, the pine needle residue fed by gavage failed to abort 4 cows. Subsequently, 4 cows fed the methylene chloride extractable material, adsorbed on ground hay, but free of methylene chloride, aborted (days 253-260 of gestation) and all 4 cows retained fetal membranes. Only 2 of 6 cows fed the pine needle residue after ethanol extraction aborted (days 260 and 261 of gestation) and both retained their fetal membranes, while the other 4 cows calved normally. Hot and cold water extracts did not cause abortion, whereas the extracted plant residue did. One cow fed the plant residue after acetone extraction calved normally as did 1 of 2 cows fed residue after hexane extraction. One cow fed hexane extract absorbed on ground hay also calved normally. These results demonstrate that abortifacient compound(s) present in pine needles are most efficiently extracted by methylene chloride. JF - The Cornell veterinarian AU - James, L F AU - Molyneux, R J AU - Panter, K E AU - Gardner, D R AU - Stegelmeier, B L AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 33 EP - 39 VL - 84 IS - 1 SN - 0010-8901, 0010-8901 KW - Abortifacient Agents KW - 0 KW - Hexanes KW - Plant Extracts KW - Solvents KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- chemically induced KW - Abortifacient Agents -- toxicity KW - Abortifacient Agents -- isolation & purification KW - Cattle Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76353620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cornell+veterinarian&rft.atitle=Effect+of+feeding+ponderosa+pine+needle+extracts+and+their+residues+to+pregnant+cattle.&rft.au=James%2C+L+F%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BPanter%2C+K+E%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Cornell+veterinarian&rft.issn=00108901&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attenuation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice as evidence for the bioavailability of the cysteine in D-glucose-L-cysteine in vivo. AN - 76347737; 8310451 AB - A substantial fraction of the cysteine added to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions is converted to the corresponding thiazolidine derivative, while in solution with relatively large concentrations of glucose typical of TPN (700 mM and higher). It was recently reported (Roberts et al. (1987) J. Med. Chem. 30, 1891-1896) that this thiazolidine, D-glucose-L-cysteine (DGC), offered no significant protection against the hepatic injury caused by 5 mmol/kg of acetaminophen in mice, suggesting that the cysteine present as DGC is poorly bioavailable in vivo. In the present study, fasted male ICR mice given 1.6 or 2.6 mmol/kg of acetaminophen sustained hepatic injury, estimated by elevations in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Administration of 2.5 mmol/kg of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 1 h before acetaminophen given i.p. prevented the rise in plasma ALT activities, apparently through support of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Administration of 2.5 mmol/kg of DGC prior to acetaminophen resulted in slightly lower mean plasma ALT activities than were observed in animals given saline before acetaminophen, but the effect was not statistically significant. When DGC was given 1 h before p.o. administration of 1.6 or 2.6 mmol/kg of acetaminophen, the protective effects of DGC were statistically significant (P < 0.01, 0.025, respectively), although NAC afforded significantly greater protection than did DGC at the higher dose of acetaminophen. Given 4 h before acetaminophen, DGC attenuated acetaminophen-induced increases in plasma ALT activities significantly, whereas NAC was without effect. These results indicate that the cysteine in DGC is at least partially bioavailable in vivo and, further, that DGC may function as a slow release formulation of cysteine. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Gomez, M R AU - Benzick, A E AU - Rogers, L K AU - Heird, W C AU - Smith, C V AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 101 EP - 108 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - glucose-cysteine KW - 38325-69-8 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Acetylcysteine KW - WYQ7N0BPYC KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred ICR KW - Drug Interactions KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Biological Availability KW - Cysteine -- pharmacology KW - Cysteine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acetaminophen -- administration & dosage KW - Glucose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Cysteine -- administration & dosage KW - Glucose -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Acetylcysteine -- administration & dosage KW - Acetylcysteine -- pharmacology KW - Glucose -- administration & dosage KW - Cysteine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Acetaminophen -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76347737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Attenuation+of+acetaminophen+hepatotoxicity+in+mice+as+evidence+for+the+bioavailability+of+the+cysteine+in+D-glucose-L-cysteine+in+vivo.&rft.au=Gomez%2C+M+R%3BBenzick%2C+A+E%3BRogers%2C+L+K%3BHeird%2C+W+C%3BSmith%2C+C+V&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of development on techniques for calcium stable isotope studies in children AN - 745658652; 128089 AB - We evaluated the effects of age and pubertal status on the tracer excess measured in urine samples collected during the 120 h after the oral and intravenous administration of calcium stable isotopes to 90 children (16 preterm infants and 74 females aged 4.9-16.8 years). Analysis of subjects shows differences in distribution volume and fractional absorption of calcium based on developmental status, with four separate groups being identified. These are: (i) premature infants; (ii) prepubertal girls (Tanner stage 1); (iii) early pubertal girls (Tanner states 2-3); and (iv) late pubertal girls (Tanner stages 4-5). Identification of groups in this fashion allows for adequate dosing in calcium stable isotope studies, with the minimum dose being given to achieve an increase in urinary isotopic content consistent with the precision of the analytical equipment. JF - Biological Mass Spectrometry AU - O'Brien, Kimberly O AU - Abrams, Steven A AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Cent, Houston, TX, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 357 EP - 361 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 1052-9306, 1052-9306 KW - Absorption KW - Body fluids KW - Calcium KW - Calcium stable isotopes KW - Distribution volume KW - Drug dosage KW - Drug infusion KW - Fractional absorption KW - Isotopes KW - Oral and intravenous administration KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Physiology KW - Urinary isotopic content KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745658652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+development+on+techniques+for+calcium+stable+isotope+studies+in+children&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Kimberly+O%3BAbrams%2C+Steven+A&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.issn=10529306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Isotopes; Physiology; Absorption; Pharmacokinetics; Body fluids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations for evaluating controlled exposure studies of tree seedlings AN - 745658186; 120078 AB - Tree seedling exposure studies, covering a wide range of experimental conditions in pollutant treatments, species, facilities, and exposure regimes, have been conducted during the past several years to determine acute effects and relative sensitivity of tree species in response to simulated acid precipitation and gaseous pollutants. Because of the difficulties inherent in conducting controlled exposures with mature trees (e.g., size, variability among experimental units, and costs associated with replication of treatments), seedling exposure studies have been initiated as the quickest way to address these issues. However, sufficient consideration has not been given to either the comparability of seedling studies or to their appropriate inference. The statistical power of any given analysis is rarely discussed when the outcomes are published. Appropriate and documented statistics of experimenter bias are often not reported, and variability in the exposure regime (i.e., treatment target levels) and the measurement of experimental variables is assumed to be zero, rather than quantified. Finally, the populations of seedlings for which seedling experiments have inference, the extent to which seedling responses are applicable to mature trees and forest condition, and the limitations in national or regional generalizations are crucial issues often left to an individual reader's interpretation without the benefit of adequate quantitative information presented by the authors. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Peterson, Charles EJr AU - Mickler, Robert A AD - USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 257 EP - 267 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Acid precipitation KW - Air pollution control KW - Controlled exposure KW - Gaseous pollutants KW - Ozone KW - Plants (botany) KW - Pollutant treatments KW - Seedling exposure KW - Tree seedlings KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Environmental impact KW - Air pollution KW - Forestry KW - W4 451:AIR POLLUTION KW - W4 454.2:ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PROTECTION KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 451:AIR POLLUTION KW - EE 454.2:ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PROTECTION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS KW - EE 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745658186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Considerations+for+evaluating+controlled+exposure+studies+of+tree+seedlings&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Charles+EJr%3BMickler%2C+Robert+A&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Statistics; Environmental impact; Forestry; Air pollution control; Ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Permethrin and sulprofos washoff from cotton plants as a function of time between application and initial rainfall AN - 745652703; 93380 AB - Understanding pesticide foliar washoff is important in environmental modeling, pest management, and development of integrated management systems. This study was conducted to determine the effect of elapsed time between spray application and initial rainfall on insecticide washoff from foliage. Permethrin [(3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl(1R,S)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)2 ,2-dime thylcyclopropanecarboxylate] and sulprofos [O-ethyl O-(4-methylthiophenyl)-S-propyl phosphorodithioate] were applied to mature cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants as tank-mixed emulsifiable concentrates with a water carrier. Simulated rain (51 mm in 1 h) was applied to the cotton plants at different times after insecticide application to determine washoff characteristics for both compounds. Residues of both insecticides became increasingly resistant to washoff with increasing time interval between insecticide application and initial rainfall. The mean amounts of both insecticides washed from the plants were related to the mean insecticide loads on the plants and decreased with time. On the average, the first 2 to 3 mm of rain removed 50% of the total amounts of insecticide washed from the plants by the 51-mm storm. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Willis, G H AU - McDowell, L L AU - Smith, S AU - Southwick, L M AD - USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, LA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 96 EP - 100 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Permethrin KW - Pesticide foliar washoff KW - Plants (botany) KW - Sulprofos KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cotton KW - Mathematical models KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Environmental impact KW - Rain KW - Spraying KW - W4 921.6:NUMERICAL METHODS KW - W4 443.3:PRECIPITATION KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 631.2:HYDRODYNAMICS KW - W4 821.2:AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Permethrin+and+sulprofos+washoff+from+cotton+plants+as+a+function+of+time+between+application+and+initial+rainfall&rft.au=Willis%2C+G+H%3BMcDowell%2C+L+L%3BSmith%2C+S%3BSouthwick%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Cotton; Hydrodynamics; Environmental impact; Rain; Spraying ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinguishing nitrogen fertilization levels in field corn (Zea mays L.) with actively induced fluorescence and passive reflectance measurements AN - 745652242; 102863 AB - Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is an active sensing technique capable of capturing immediate and specific indications of changes in plant physiology and metabolism as they relate to the concentration and photosynthetic activity of the plant pigments. Reflectance is a passive sensing technique that can capture differences in the concentration of the primary plant pigments. Fluorescence and reflectance were compared for their ability to measure levels of plant stress that are of agronomic importance in corn (Zea mays L.) crops. Laboratory LIF and reflectance spectra were made on excised leaves from field grown corn. Changes in the visible region of the spectrum were compared between groups of plants fertilized with seven different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization. A pulsed nitrogen laser emitting photons at a wavelength of 337 nm was used as a fluorescence excitation source. Differences in maximum intensity of fluorescence occurred at 440 nm, 525 nm, 685 nm, and 740 nm. Significant separations were found between levels of N fertilization at several LIF wavelength ratios. Several reflectance algorithms also produced significant separations between certain levels of N fertilization. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - McMurtrey, JEIII AU - Chappelle, E W AU - Kim AU - Meisinger, J J AU - Corp, LA AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 36 EP - 44 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Actively induced fluorescence KW - Field corn KW - Gas lasers KW - Nitrogen KW - Nitrogen fertilization levels KW - Optical variables measurement KW - Passive reflectance KW - Plants (botany) KW - Reflectometers KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fluorescence KW - Photons KW - Photosynthesis KW - Physiology KW - Algorithms KW - Metabolism KW - Crops KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W4 732.2:CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 941.3:OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Distinguishing+nitrogen+fertilization+levels+in+field+corn+%28Zea+mays+L.%29+with+actively+induced+fluorescence+and+passive+reflectance+measurements&rft.au=McMurtrey%2C+JEIII%3BChappelle%2C+E+W%3BKim%3BMeisinger%2C+J+J%3BCorp%2C+LA&rft.aulast=McMurtrey&rft.aufirst=JEIII&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluorescence; Photosynthesis; Photons; Physiology; Algorithms; Crops; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Delayed light emission and fluorescence responses of plants to chilling AN - 745652210; 102870 AB - Delayed light emission (DLE) of chlorophyll has the same excitation and emission spectra as chlorophyll fluorescence and was formerly called delayed fluorescence. DLE has a much longer time response than true chlorophyll fluorescence and is detectable for times ranging from milliseconds to many minutes. DLE is induced by back reactions of the photosynthetic pathway and therefore requires functional chloroplasts. It is detectable only in the dark following light excitation, yields very low energy, and decays very rapidly. DLE repetitively excited over time, which we term refreshed DLE (RDLE), shows a shoulder and broad peak in our measurements, indicating participation of at least two energy pools. DLE is altered by physiological stresses that affect chloroplasts or photosynthesis, and as illustration, plant species known to be very susceptible or very tolerant to chilling were exposed to chilling temperatures for varying times. RDLE at 0.3 s (the initial shoulder on our curves) rose in response to chilling damage in the susceptible species. The major RDLE peak was greatly inhibited in the susceptible species and showed only small changes in the tolerant species. Fluorescence measurements made on the chilling-tolerant species indicated similar responses and similar coefficients of determination were derived. These results indicate that measurement of precisely timed delayed light emission or of refreshed delayed light emission at a less precisely controlled time can be used to detect chilling stress. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Abbott, Judith A AU - Campbell, TAustin AU - Massie, David R AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 87 EP - 97 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Chilling KW - Chlorophyll KW - Chloroplasts KW - Delayed light emission (DLE) KW - Light emission KW - Low temperature effects KW - Optical variables measurement KW - Plants (botany) KW - Refreshed delayed light emission (RDLE) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fluorescence KW - Photosynthesis KW - Physiology KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 732.2:CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Delayed+light+emission+and+fluorescence+responses+of+plants+to+chilling&rft.au=Abbott%2C+Judith+A%3BCampbell%2C+TAustin%3BMassie%2C+David+R&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluorescence; Photosynthesis; Physiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatiles of ripe Flowering Quince (Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai) AN - 745652024; 92460 AB - The volatile components isolated from Flowering Quince fruit were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Nineteen compounds were identified of which hexanal, ethyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, linalool, trans-linalool oxide (furanoid), cis-linalool oxide (furanoid), alpha -terpineol, ethyl octanoate, Edulan I, ethyl (Z)-4-decenoate and ethyl p-methoxybenzoate were the major constituents. JF - Journal of Essential Oil Research AU - Horvat, Robert J AU - Chapman, Glenn WJr AU - Payne, Jerry A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 81 EP - 83 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1041-2905, 1041-2905 KW - Alcohols KW - Aldehydes KW - Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai KW - Composition KW - Distillation KW - Extraction KW - Fruits KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Plants (botany) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Esters KW - Gas chromatography KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - EE 801.1:CHEMISTRY (GENERAL) KW - W4 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - EE 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 801.1:CHEMISTRY (GENERAL) KW - EE 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745652024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.atitle=Volatiles+of+ripe+Flowering+Quince+%28Chaenomeles+speciosa+Nakai%29&rft.au=Horvat%2C+Robert+J%3BChapman%2C+Glenn+WJr%3BPayne%2C+Jerry+A&rft.aulast=Horvat&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.issn=10412905&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Extraction; Gas chromatography; Esters; Composition; Distillation; Mass spectrometry; Aldehydes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved HPLC method to purify erythrocyte cholesterol for estimation of in vivo cholesterol synthesis using the deuterium method AN - 744745855; 116414 AB - We report on an improved HPLC method to purify erythrocyte cholesterol for use in measuring in vivo cholesterol synthesis from super(2)H sub(2)O. The new procedure uses a smaller compression cartridge column at a flow rate of 3 mL/min. The new method reduces by almost tenfold the amount of solvent required to maintain the analytical purity of the isolated cholesterol. JF - Applied Radiation and Isotopes AU - Wong, William W AU - Hachey, David L AU - Clarke, Lucinda L AU - Zhang, Shide AU - Llaurador, Marisol AU - Pond, Wilson G AD - USDA, Houston, TX, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 529 EP - 533 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0969-8043, 0969-8043 KW - Chromatographic analysis KW - Erythrocytes KW - Heavy water KW - High performance liquid chromatography KW - Specimen preparation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biosynthesis KW - Cells KW - Solvents KW - Column chromatography KW - Purification KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744745855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Improved+HPLC+method+to+purify+erythrocyte+cholesterol+for+estimation+of+in+vivo+cholesterol+synthesis+using+the+deuterium+method&rft.au=Wong%2C+William+W%3BHachey%2C+David+L%3BClarke%2C+Lucinda+L%3BZhang%2C+Shide%3BLlaurador%2C+Marisol%3BPond%2C+Wilson+G&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biosynthesis; Cells; Solvents; Column chromatography; Purification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cryopreservation of porcine embryos by vitrification: A study of in vitro development. AN - 734108748; 16727509 AB - Until recently, attempts to preserve porcine embryos have been unsuccessful. Vitrification has been developed as a method of cryopreserving mammalian embryos by avoiding ice crystal formation, assuring a cryopreserved glass state during storage in liquid nitrogen. Vitrification may be a useful method of overcoming the deleterious effects of chilling injury when pig embryos are cryopreserved using conventional slow freezing procedures. In this study, we applied vitrification procedures for rodent and/or bovine embryos to cryopreserve porcine embryos. Following warming, survival was defined as normal development of embryos in culture, namely the formation or reexpansion of the blastocoelic cavity. Experiment 1 tested the relative toxicity of 3 vitrification procedures on Day-5, 6 and 7 porcine embryos. Embryos equilibrated in vitrification solution (VS3a) continued to develop in vitro at rates comparable to that of untreated control embryos. Experiment 2 was designed to evaluate embryonic development following cryopreservation by vitrification in VS3a. Day-5 porcine embryos did not survive cryopreservation while Day-6 and Day-7 embryos survived and continued development in vitro. In Experiment 3, we evaluated a period of culture prior to vitrification and its effect on cryosurvivability of porcine embryos. A 3-h culture period prior to vitrification had no effect on cryosurvivability over that of freshly recovered, immediately vitrified embryos. These studies indicate, for the first time, that porcine embryos can be successfully cryopreserved by vitrification based on morphology and subsequent development in vitro. However, survival following cryopreservation appears to depend upon embryonic age or stage of development. JF - Theriogenology AU - Dobrinsky, J R AU - Johnson, L A AD - Germplasm and Gamete Physiology Laboratory Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 25 EP - 35 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0093-691X, 0093-691X UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/734108748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theriogenology&rft.atitle=Cryopreservation+of+porcine+embryos+by+vitrification%3A+A+study+of+in+vitro+development.&rft.au=Dobrinsky%2C+J+R%3BJohnson%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Dobrinsky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theriogenology&rft.issn=0093691X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2012-10-02 N1 - Date created - 2006-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in Drug Use: A Comparison of Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas of the United States from 1975 to 1991 AN - 61374527; 9506936 AB - Data collected 1975-1991, via the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, are used to report trends in lifetime-use patterns of marijuana, hallucinogens, inhalants, & cocaine by age group for large & small metropolitan & nonmetroplitan areas of the US. Convergence & divergence in rates of use are noted. Findings may be helpful to cooperative extension specialists, other educators, & substance abuse prevention & treatment personnel. 2 Tables, 4 Figures, 16 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Family Economics Review AU - Robertson, Elizabeth B AD - Family Economics Research Group USDA/ARS, Federal Bldg Rm 439A Hyattsville MD 20782 Tel: 301-436-8461 Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 SP - 2 EP - 10 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0425-676X, 0425-676X KW - marijuana/hallucinogen/inhalant/cocaine use patterns, US, 1975-1991 KW - national household survey KW - Psychedelic Drugs KW - United States of America KW - Cocaine KW - Marijuana KW - Drug Use KW - article KW - 2079: sociology of health and medicine; substance use/abuse & compulsive behaviors (drug abuse, addiction, alcoholism, gambling, eating disorders, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61374527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Family+Economics+Review&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Drug+Use%3A+A+Comparison+of+Metropolitan+and+Nonmetropolitan+Areas+of+the+United+States+from+1975+to+1991&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Elizabeth+B&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Family+Economics+Review&rft.issn=0425676X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - FEREDF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marijuana; Drug Use; Cocaine; Psychedelic Drugs; United States of America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensible heat flux-radiometric surface temperature relationship for eight semiarid areas AN - 52764928; 1997-010296 JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology AU - Stewart, J B AU - Kustas, W P AU - Humes, K S AU - Nichols, W D AU - Moran, M S AU - de Bruin, H A R Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1110 EP - 1117 PB - American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA VL - 33 SN - 0021-8952, 0021-8952 KW - soils KW - eolian features KW - terrestrial environment KW - semi-arid environment KW - velocity KW - vegetation KW - interpretation KW - winds KW - deserts KW - climate KW - temperature KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52764928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Sensible+heat+flux-radiometric+surface+temperature+relationship+for+eight+semiarid+areas&rft.au=Stewart%2C+J+B%3BKustas%2C+W+P%3BHumes%2C+K+S%3BNichols%2C+W+D%3BMoran%2C+M+S%3Bde+Bruin%2C+H+A+R&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.issn=00218952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - MA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JAMOAX N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate; deserts; eolian features; interpretation; semi-arid environment; soils; temperature; terrestrial environment; vegetation; velocity; winds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silt flow in soils AN - 52750344; 1997-025362 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Nettleton, W D AU - Brasher, B R AU - Baumer, O W AU - Darmody, R G A2 - Ringrose-Voase, A. J. A2 - Humphreys, G. S. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 361 EP - 371 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 22 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Idaho KW - pedogenesis KW - Illinois KW - micromorphology KW - clastic sediments KW - textures KW - Missouri KW - grain size KW - silt KW - porosity KW - morphology KW - size distribution KW - transport KW - mixing KW - Indiana KW - sediments KW - horizons KW - image analysis KW - argillaceous texture KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52750344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Silt+flow+in+soils&rft.au=Nettleton%2C+W+D%3BBrasher%2C+B+R%3BBaumer%2C+O+W%3BDarmody%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Nettleton&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=0444897925&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - ISSS, Sub-Commission of Soil Micromorphology; IX international working meeting on Soil micromorphology; studies in management and genesis N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, 2 plates N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - argillaceous texture; clastic sediments; grain size; horizons; Idaho; Illinois; image analysis; Indiana; micromorphology; Missouri; mixing; morphology; pedogenesis; porosity; sediments; silt; size distribution; soils; textures; transport; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Micromorphology of polygenetic soils in a small watershed, north central Kansas, U.S.A. AN - 52750310; 1997-025350 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Wehmueller, W A AU - Ransom, M D AU - Nettleton, W D A2 - Ringrose-Voase, A. J. A2 - Humphreys, G. S. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 247 EP - 255 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 22 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - United States KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - soil profiles KW - north-central Kansas KW - sulfates KW - micromorphology KW - prairies KW - alkali metals KW - sodium KW - morphology KW - Kansas KW - Ustolls KW - metals KW - Konza Prairie Research Natural Area KW - gypsum KW - classification KW - parent materials KW - paleosols KW - calcium carbonate KW - polyphase processes KW - Mollisols KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52750310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Micromorphology+of+polygenetic+soils+in+a+small+watershed%2C+north+central+Kansas%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Wehmueller%2C+W+A%3BRansom%2C+M+D%3BNettleton%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Wehmueller&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=0444897925&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - ISSS, Sub-Commission of Soil Micromorphology; IX international working meeting on Soil micromorphology; studies in management and genesis N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Document feature - 2 plates, 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; calcium carbonate; classification; gypsum; Kansas; Konza Prairie Research Natural Area; metals; micromorphology; Mollisols; morphology; north-central Kansas; paleosols; parent materials; pedogenesis; polyphase processes; prairies; sodium; soil profiles; soils; sulfates; United States; Ustolls ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A coordinated approach to watershed protection AN - 52724278; 1997-037691 JF - Proceedings - Water Resources Symposium (Indiana) AU - Gossett, Charles J A2 - Turco, Ronald F. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 31 EP - 32 PB - Indiana Water Resources Association, Indianapolis, IN VL - 15 KW - protection KW - water quality KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - water resources KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52724278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Water+Resources+Symposium+%28Indiana%29&rft.atitle=A+coordinated+approach+to+watershed+protection&rft.au=Gossett%2C+Charles+J&rft.aulast=Gossett&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Water+Resources+Symposium+%28Indiana%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fifteenth annual water resources symposium on Understanding, managing, and protecting Indiana's watersheds N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - IN N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #02793 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ground water; pollution; protection; water quality; water resources; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial pattern analysis of sagebrush vegetation and potential influences on hydrology and erosion AN - 52381662; 2000-024671 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Spaeth, K E AU - Weltz, Mark A AU - Fox, H Dale AU - Pierson, Frederick B, Jr A2 - Blackburn, Wilbert H. A2 - Pierson, Frederick B., Jr. A2 - Schuman, Gerald E. A2 - Zartman, R. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 35 EP - 51 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 38 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Idaho KW - Plantae KW - patterns KW - erosion KW - slopes KW - rainfall KW - water erosion KW - landforms KW - equations KW - vegetation KW - variations KW - Wyoming KW - spatial distribution KW - Reynolds Creek KW - factors KW - mathematical methods KW - Owyhee County Idaho KW - soil erosion KW - climate KW - growth KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52381662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Spatial+pattern+analysis+of+sagebrush+vegetation+and+potential+influences+on+hydrology+and+erosion&rft.au=Spaeth%2C+K+E%3BWeltz%2C+Mark+A%3BFox%2C+H+Dale%3BPierson%2C+Frederick+B%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Spaeth&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=0891188126&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Variability in rangeland water erosion processes N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate; equations; erosion; factors; growth; hydrology; Idaho; landforms; mathematical methods; Owyhee County Idaho; patterns; Plantae; rainfall; Reynolds Creek; slopes; soil erosion; soils; spatial distribution; United States; variations; vegetation; water erosion; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mobility of strychnine in four Colorado soils; the sorption/desorption of the parent compound AN - 52210510; 2001-055939 JF - Abstracts - Annual Meeting - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) AU - Timm, R W AU - Starr, R I AU - Hurlbut, D B AU - Goodall, M J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 160 PB - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, [location varies] VL - 15 KW - United States KW - soils KW - concentration KW - sorption KW - desorption KW - cation exchange capacity KW - textures KW - pollutants KW - alkaloids KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - organic compounds KW - loam KW - sampling KW - total organic carbon KW - movement KW - hydrocarbons KW - strychnine KW - Colorado KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52210510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+-+Annual+Meeting+-+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC%29&rft.atitle=Mobility+of+strychnine+in+four+Colorado+soils%3B+the+sorption%2Fdesorption+of+the+parent+compound&rft.au=Timm%2C+R+W%3BStarr%2C+R+I%3BHurlbut%2C+D+B%3BGoodall%2C+M+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Timm&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+-+Annual+Meeting+-+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fifteenth annual meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04767 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaloids; cation exchange capacity; Colorado; concentration; desorption; environmental analysis; hydrocarbons; loam; movement; organic compounds; pH; pollutants; pollution; sampling; soils; sorption; strychnine; textures; total organic carbon; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogeochemical processes in hydric soil formation AN - 52163133; 2002-001249 JF - Current Topics in Wetland Biogeochemistry AU - Mausbach, M J AU - Richardson, J L Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 68 EP - 127 PB - Louisiana State University, Wetland Biogeochemistry Institute, Baton Rouge, LA VL - 1 SN - 1076-4674, 1076-4674 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - pedogenesis KW - biochemistry KW - drainage KW - ground water KW - mires KW - biogenic processes KW - fens KW - wetlands KW - hydric soils KW - climate effects KW - landscapes KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52163133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Topics+in+Wetland+Biogeochemistry&rft.atitle=Biogeochemical+processes+in+hydric+soil+formation&rft.au=Mausbach%2C+M+J%3BRichardson%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Mausbach&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Topics+in+Wetland+Biogeochemistry&rft.issn=10764674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 190 N1 - PubXState - LA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch map, sects., 1 table, block diag. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemistry; biogenic processes; climate effects; drainage; fens; ground water; hydric soils; hydrology; landscapes; mires; pedogenesis; soils; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constructed wetlands handbook AN - 51448405; 2007-045261 JF - Special Publication - United States. Bureau of Mines AU - Davis, Luise K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 409 PB - U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC SN - 0731-762X, 0731-762X KW - constructed wetlands KW - acid mine drainage KW - wetlands KW - mining geology KW - pollution KW - waste disposal KW - remediation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51448405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.atitle=Constructed+wetlands+handbook&rft.au=Davis%2C+Luise+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Luise&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.issn=0731762X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International land reclamation and mine drainage conference; International conference on The abatement of acidic drainage N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; constructed wetlands; mining geology; pollution; remediation; waste disposal; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction and performance of anoxic limestone drains installed to treat acid mine drainage on abandoned mine lands in West Virginia AN - 51446126; 2007-045303 JF - Special Publication - United States. Bureau of Mines AU - Yednock, Bernie AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 430 PB - U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC SN - 0731-762X, 0731-762X KW - United States KW - water quality KW - mines KW - monitoring KW - acid mine drainage KW - Monongalia County West Virginia KW - pollution KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - anaerobic environment KW - calcium carbonate KW - alkalinity KW - pH KW - abandoned mines KW - West Virginia KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51446126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.atitle=Construction+and+performance+of+anoxic+limestone+drains+installed+to+treat+acid+mine+drainage+on+abandoned+mine+lands+in+West+Virginia&rft.au=Yednock%2C+Bernie%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Yednock&rft.aufirst=Bernie&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Publication+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.issn=0731762X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International land reclamation and mine drainage conference; International conference on The abatement of acidic drainage N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; alkalinity; anaerobic environment; calcium carbonate; ground water; mines; monitoring; Monongalia County West Virginia; pH; pollution; remediation; United States; water quality; West Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Entomopalynological techniques used in the search for migratory and feeding habits of adult corn earworm, celery looper, and cabbage looper moths AN - 51107448; 2006-061033 JF - Palynology AU - Bryant, Vaughn M, Jr AU - Lingren, Pete D AU - Pendleton, Michael W AU - Jones, Gretchen AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 239 PB - American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Dallas, TX VL - 18 SN - 0191-6122, 0191-6122 KW - United States KW - methods KW - migration KW - diet KW - Vermes KW - agriculture KW - Texas KW - Oklahoma KW - nutrition KW - pollen KW - Arthropoda KW - Mandibulata KW - palynomorphs KW - miospores KW - Invertebrata KW - ecology KW - pesticides KW - Insecta KW - 10:Invertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51107448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palynology&rft.atitle=Entomopalynological+techniques+used+in+the+search+for+migratory+and+feeding+habits+of+adult+corn+earworm%2C+celery+looper%2C+and+cabbage+looper+moths&rft.au=Bryant%2C+Vaughn+M%2C+Jr%3BLingren%2C+Pete+D%3BPendleton%2C+Michael+W%3BJones%2C+Gretchen%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Vaughn&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Palynology&rft.issn=01916122&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01916122.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-sixth annual meeting of the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Arthropoda; diet; ecology; Insecta; Invertebrata; Mandibulata; methods; migration; miospores; nutrition; Oklahoma; palynomorphs; pesticides; pollen; Texas; United States; Vermes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface reclamation of the Big Lake oil field AN - 50964564; 1995-009293 JF - Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts - American Association of Petroleum Geologists AU - Weathers, Michael L AU - Moore, Kenneth R AU - Ford, Donald B AU - Curlee, Charles K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 280 PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK VL - 1994 SN - 0094-0038, 0094-0038 KW - United States KW - reclamation KW - Big Lake Field KW - fresh water KW - petroleum KW - terraces KW - salt water KW - production KW - oil and gas fields KW - evaporation ponds KW - topography KW - sedimentary rocks KW - percolation KW - discharge KW - hydrology KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - soil profiles KW - Reagan County Texas KW - drainage KW - injection KW - Texas KW - evaporites KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - salt KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50964564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+Expanded+Abstracts+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.atitle=Surface+reclamation+of+the+Big+Lake+oil+field&rft.au=Weathers%2C+Michael+L%3BMoore%2C+Kenneth+R%3BFord%2C+Donald+B%3BCurlee%2C+Charles+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Weathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1994&rft.issue=&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+Expanded+Abstracts+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.issn=00940038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AAPG annual convention N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - APGAB2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Big Lake Field; chemically precipitated rocks; discharge; drainage; evaporation ponds; evaporites; fresh water; hydrology; injection; leaching; oil and gas fields; percolation; petroleum; production; Reagan County Texas; reclamation; salt; salt water; sedimentary rocks; soil profiles; terraces; Texas; topography; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soils, geomorphology, and multiple displacements along the Organ Mountains Fault in southern New Mexico AN - 50962904; 1995-009934 AB - This report discusses the features of soils, geomorphic relations of different terrace, fan, and arroyo surfaces, and sediments in the Organ Mountains in relationship to pre-Holocene and Holocene fault displacements and the associated earthquake activity. Discussions include the soil pH, texture and colour (wet and dry); tables give considerable particle size data. A useful glossary is included at the end. JF - Bulletin - New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources AU - Gile, Leland H Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 91 PB - New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM SN - 0096-4581, 0096-4581 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Organ Mountains Fault KW - southern New Mexico KW - Quaternary KW - Otero County New Mexico KW - landform description KW - New Mexico KW - displacements KW - Holocene KW - Cenozoic KW - mountains KW - scarps KW - upper Holocene KW - fault scarps KW - faults KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 16:Structural geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50962904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gile%2C+Leland+H&rft.aulast=Gile&rft.aufirst=Leland&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Soils%2C+geomorphology%2C+and+multiple+displacements+along+the+Organ+Mountains+Fault+in+southern+New+Mexico&rft.title=Soils%2C+geomorphology%2C+and+multiple+displacements+along+the+Organ+Mountains+Fault+in+southern+New+Mexico&rft.issn=00964581&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - PubXState - NM N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. block diag., 25 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NEXBAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; displacements; fault scarps; faults; Holocene; landform description; mountains; New Mexico; Organ Mountains Fault; Otero County New Mexico; Quaternary; scarps; soils; southern New Mexico; United States; upper Holocene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of groundwater and artificial recharge in future water resources management AN - 50178544; 1995-012814 JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Bouwer, Herman A2 - Soveri, J. A2 - Suokko, T. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 491 EP - 497 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences, [Louvain] VL - 222 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - protection KW - water quality KW - recharge KW - conservation KW - artificial recharge KW - water management KW - pollution KW - pesticides KW - nitrate ion KW - water resources KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50178544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Role+of+groundwater+and+artificial+recharge+in+future+water+resources+management&rft.au=Bouwer%2C+Herman&rft.aulast=Bouwer&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Future groundwater resources at risk N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - artificial recharge; conservation; ground water; nitrate ion; pesticides; pollution; protection; recharge; water management; water quality; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Possible mastodon gastrointestinal and fecal contents from the late Pleistocene of the Hiscock Site, western New York State AN - 50171484; 1995-018712 JF - Bulletin - New York State Museum (1976) AU - Laub, Richard S AU - Dufort, Catherine A AU - Christensen, Donna J A2 - Landing, Ed Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 135 EP - 148 PB - University of The State of New York, State Department of Education, Albany, NY VL - 481 SN - 0278-3355, 0278-3355 KW - United States KW - Spermatophyta KW - western New York KW - Mastodontoidea KW - herbivorous taxa KW - Coniferales KW - paleoecology KW - upper Pleistocene KW - Cenozoic KW - Theria KW - gastrointestinal content KW - Picea KW - Larix KW - Mastodon KW - Mastodontidae KW - ecology KW - Eutheria KW - Plantae KW - Chordata KW - Quaternary KW - Gymnospermae KW - Mammalia KW - Proboscidea KW - Hiscock Site KW - habitat KW - nutrition KW - New York KW - Byron New York KW - Genesee County New York KW - Pinaceae KW - Pleistocene KW - Vertebrata KW - Tetrapoda KW - 11:Vertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50171484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+-+New+York+State+Museum+%281976%29&rft.atitle=Possible+mastodon+gastrointestinal+and+fecal+contents+from+the+late+Pleistocene+of+the+Hiscock+Site%2C+western+New+York+State&rft.au=Laub%2C+Richard+S%3BDufort%2C+Catherine+A%3BChristensen%2C+Donna+J&rft.aulast=Laub&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=481&rft.issue=&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+-+New+York+State+Museum+%281976%29&rft.issn=02783355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NMUBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Byron New York; Cenozoic; Chordata; Coniferales; ecology; Eutheria; gastrointestinal content; Genesee County New York; Gymnospermae; habitat; herbivorous taxa; Hiscock Site; Larix; Mammalia; Mastodon; Mastodontidae; Mastodontoidea; New York; nutrition; paleoecology; Picea; Pinaceae; Plantae; Pleistocene; Proboscidea; Quaternary; Spermatophyta; Tetrapoda; Theria; United States; upper Pleistocene; Vertebrata; western New York ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erosion, transport, and deposition of soil carbon in a headwater catchment during cotton cultivation in the Georgia Piedmont AN - 50141804; 1995-045659 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Huntington, T G AU - Markewich, H W AU - Lynn, W C AU - Johnson, C E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 301 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 26 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - erosion KW - Appalachians KW - cores KW - Atlanta Georgia KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Fulton County Georgia KW - sampling KW - Panola Mountain Research Watershed KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - drainage basins KW - horizons KW - soil erosion KW - soils KW - North America KW - sediment transport KW - colluvium KW - clastic sediments KW - agriculture KW - saprolite KW - deposition KW - alluvium KW - Georgia KW - fluvial environment KW - clastic rocks KW - Piedmont KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50141804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Erosion%2C+transport%2C+and+deposition+of+soil+carbon+in+a+headwater+catchment+during+cotton+cultivation+in+the+Georgia+Piedmont&rft.au=Huntington%2C+T+G%3BMarkewich%2C+H+W%3BLynn%2C+W+C%3BJohnson%2C+C+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Huntington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1994 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; alluvium; Appalachians; Atlanta Georgia; carbon; clastic rocks; clastic sediments; colluvium; cores; deposition; drainage basins; erosion; fluvial environment; Fulton County Georgia; Georgia; horizons; North America; Panola Mountain Research Watershed; Piedmont; sampling; saprolite; sediment transport; sedimentary rocks; sediments; soil erosion; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen isotope analysis of high-nitrate and other karst waters and leached sediments at Friar's Hole Cave, West Virginia AN - 50116319; 1995-060597 JF - Special Publication - Karst Waters Institute AU - Jameson, Roy A AU - Boyer, Douglas G AU - Alexander, E Calvin, Jr Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 36 EP - 37 PB - Karst Waters Institute, Charles Town, WV VL - 1 KW - United States KW - thallophytes KW - limestone KW - fertilizers KW - saltpeter KW - agricultural waste KW - isotopes KW - karst hydrology KW - karst KW - stable isotopes KW - Greenbrier County West Virginia KW - nitrogen KW - ground water KW - Friar's Hole Cave KW - sedimentary rocks KW - sediments KW - Nitrobacter KW - nitrate ion KW - geochemistry KW - West Virginia KW - concentration KW - Plantae KW - N-15/N-14 KW - pollutants KW - isotope ratios KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - Snedegar's Cave KW - genesis KW - bacteria KW - waste disposal KW - carbonate rocks KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50116319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publication+-+Karst+Waters+Institute&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+isotope+analysis+of+high-nitrate+and+other+karst+waters+and+leached+sediments+at+Friar%27s+Hole+Cave%2C+West+Virginia&rft.au=Jameson%2C+Roy+A%3BBoyer%2C+Douglas+G%3BAlexander%2C+E+Calvin%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Jameson&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=0964025809&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Special+Publication+-+Karst+Waters+Institute&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Breakthroughs in karst geomicrobiology and redox geochemistry symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - #03893 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; bacteria; carbonate rocks; concentration; fertilizers; Friar's Hole Cave; genesis; geochemistry; Greenbrier County West Virginia; ground water; hydrochemistry; isotope ratios; isotopes; karst; karst hydrology; limestone; N-15/N-14; nitrate ion; Nitrobacter; nitrogen; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; saltpeter; sedimentary rocks; sediments; Snedegar's Cave; stable isotopes; thallophytes; United States; waste disposal; West Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Micromorphology of loess deposits and inclusive Paleosols of the middle Mississippi River valley AN - 50091960; 1995-069698 JF - Program and Abstracts - American Quaternary Association. Conference AU - Wysocki, Douglas AU - Rutledge, Moye AU - Ward, Larry AU - Markewich, Helaine AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 188 PB - American Quaternary Association, Seattle, WA VL - 13 SN - 0741-059X, 0741-059X KW - United States KW - soils KW - Peoria Loess KW - pedogenesis KW - Roxana Silt KW - Quaternary KW - Mississippi Valley KW - micromorphology KW - clastic sediments KW - Loveland Loess KW - Midcontinent KW - Crowley's Ridge Silt KW - upper Pleistocene KW - Cenozoic KW - Sangamonian KW - sediments KW - Pleistocene KW - loess KW - paleosols KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50091960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+American+Quaternary+Association.+Conference&rft.atitle=Micromorphology+of+loess+deposits+and+inclusive+Paleosols+of+the+middle+Mississippi+River+valley&rft.au=Wysocki%2C+Douglas%3BRutledge%2C+Moye%3BWard%2C+Larry%3BMarkewich%2C+Helaine%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wysocki&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+American+Quaternary+Association.+Conference&rft.issn=0741059X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Quaternary Association, 13th biennial meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AMQUAM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; clastic sediments; Crowley's Ridge Silt; loess; Loveland Loess; micromorphology; Midcontinent; Mississippi Valley; paleosols; pedogenesis; Peoria Loess; Pleistocene; Quaternary; Roxana Silt; Sangamonian; sediments; soils; United States; upper Pleistocene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of spatial variability on interpretive modeling AN - 50085013; 1996-010337 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Wilding, L P AU - Bouma, J AU - Goss, Don W A2 - Bryant, Ray B. A2 - Arnold, Richard W. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 61 EP - 75 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 39 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - soil profiles KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - geostatistics KW - simulation KW - models KW - spatial variations KW - algorithms KW - landscapes KW - interpretation KW - regression analysis KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50085013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Impact+of+spatial+variability+on+interpretive+modeling&rft.au=Wilding%2C+L+P%3BBouma%2C+J%3BGoss%2C+Don+W&rft.aulast=Wilding&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Quantitative modeling of soil forming processes N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; data processing; geostatistics; interpretation; landscapes; models; pedogenesis; regression analysis; simulation; soil profiles; soils; spatial variations; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of trends and long-term fluctuations of rainfall on watershed runoff AN - 26419234; 2001-33-004314 (CE); 0176464 (EN) AB - This study investigates the impact of long-term trends and fluctuations in rainfall characteristics on runoff from the Little Washita River watershed. For this 610 km super(2) watershed, mean daily discharge, peak flow, flow frequency, and volume increased significantly over a 22-year period, despite the installation of floodwater retarding structures which controlled 45% of the drainage area. Changes in runoff are shown to be associated with long-term increases in rainfall amount, intensity, and frequency. Time series analyses of rainfall and watershed runoff demonstrated that changes in rainfall patterns and amounts can mask the beneficial impacts of floodwater retarding structures. Concurrent meteorologic conditions, must be measured and evaluated for proper interpretation of downstream impacts of upstream conservation measures. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Fernandez, G P AU - Garbrecht, J AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Durant, OK, USA PY - 1994 SP - 1841 EP - 1844 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI, 49085-9659, USA, [mailto:hq@asae.org], [URL:http://www.asae.org] VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Rainfall KW - Watersheds KW - Runoff KW - Retarding KW - Floodwaters KW - Fluctuation KW - Drainage control KW - Discharge KW - Rivers KW - Drainage measurement KW - Installation KW - Article KW - EE 442.1:FLOOD CONTROL KW - EE 444.1:SURFACE WATER KW - EE 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS (EN) KW - EE 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES KW - EE 483.1:SOILS AND SOIL MECHANICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26419234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Effect+of+trends+and+long-term+fluctuations+of+rainfall+on+watershed+runoff&rft.au=Fernandez%2C+G+P%3BGarbrecht%2C+J&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilization of protein-rich ethanol co-products from corn in tilapia feed AN - 21329194; 11716586 AB - Corn distiller's grains with solubles (CDGS), which is the residue from ethanol fermentation of corn, were incorporated in tilapia (a warm-water fish) diets that contained either 36% protein without fish meal or 32% protein with and without fish meal. A 103-day feeding study indicated that the three diets containing CDGS resulted in higher weights of tilapia than fish fed a commercial fish feed containing 36% protein and fish meal. The difference in weight gains between 32 and 36% protein diets was not significant. Incorporating fish meal (6%) in diet had no advantage over a diet without fish meal. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Wu, Y Victor AU - Rosati, Ronald AU - Sessa, David J AU - Brown, Paul AD - Biopolymer Research Unit, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1041 EP - 1043 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Oil KW - Feeding KW - Fermentation KW - Grain KW - Proteins KW - Tilapia KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21329194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+protein-rich+ethanol+co-products+from+corn+in+tilapia+feed&rft.au=Wu%2C+Y+Victor%3BRosati%2C+Ronald%3BSessa%2C+David+J%3BBrown%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1041&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02542277 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Diets; Feeding; Fermentation; Grain; Proteins; Ethanol; Tilapia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02542277 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of linoleic acid to 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid byFlavobacterium sp. (NRRL B-14859) AN - 21252757; 11716573 AB - A new microbial isolate,Flavobacterium sp. strain DS5, converts linoleic acid into 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid (10-HOA) with 55% yield. The product was characterized by gas chromatography (GC), GC/mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The specific optical rotation of 10-HOA is [a] D =-5.58 (methanol). The optimum time, pH and temperature for the production of 10-HOA were 36h, 7.5 and 20--35°C, respectively. The enzyme(s) that converts linoleic acid to 10-HOA is soluble and located intracellulary in strain DS5. Two minor products, 10-methoxy-12-octade-cenoic acid and 10-keto-12-octadecenoic acid, were also identified. 10-HOA was further metabolized by strain DS5. Among the unsaturated fatty acids studied, the order of reactivity for the DS5 enzyme(s) is oleic>palmitoleic> linoleic>linolenic>g-linolenic>myristoleic acid. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 975 EP - 978 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Oil KW - I.R. spectroscopy KW - Gas chromatography KW - Methanol KW - Fatty acids KW - N.M.R. KW - pH effects KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Linoleic acid KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21252757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+linoleic+acid+to+10-hydroxy-12%28Z%29-octadecenoic+acid+byFlavobacterium+sp.+%28NRRL+B-14859%29&rft.au=Hou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Ching&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02542264 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Temperature effects; Gas chromatography; I.R. spectroscopy; Methanol; Fatty acids; N.M.R.; pH effects; Mass spectroscopy; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02542264 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of eicosapentaenoic acid from fungal mycelia by solvent extraction AN - 21250623; 11716568 AB - Utilization of lipids containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) produced by microorganisms requires processes for their efficient recovery from microbial cells. Recovery of EPA from mycelia of the fungusPythium irregulare by solvent extraction with hexane-isopropanol (HIP) in a pilot-plant colloid mill was investigated. Extraction efficiencies of 96% for lipid and EPA were achieved with a 3∶ 2 (vol/vol) HIP mixture by milling wet, filtered mycelia for 5 min at a solvent/dry solids ratio of 100 L/kg. The process yielded a crude extract that contained up to 96% lipid and an EPA content as high as 24% (with no selectivity for EPA). JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - O'Brien, Dennis J AU - Senske, Gerard E AD - USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 East Mermaid Lane, 19118 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 947 EP - 950 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Oil KW - Colloids KW - Lipids KW - Eicosapentaenoic acid KW - Solvents KW - Microorganisms KW - Mycelia KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21250623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+eicosapentaenoic+acid+from+fungal+mycelia+by+solvent+extraction&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Dennis+J%3BSenske%2C+Gerard+E&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02542259 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Colloids; Lipids; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Microorganisms; Solvents; Mycelia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02542259 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Playing the Edge. Motivation and Risk Taking in a High-Altitude Wilderness Like Environment AN - 20812162; 10903802 AB - Activities in a natural environment that involve risk and danger to the participant have become more popular over the last decade. This article describes a study on the motivations for high-altitude mountaineering at Mount McKinley in Denali National Park, Alaska. Using a principal components factor analysis, five factors emerged, accounting for 92% of the explained variance. Overall, scale items such as exhilaration, excitement, and accomplishment appeared as important motivating variables. Risk taking as a motivating variable did not generate a high level of motivational importance. Based on experience levels in mountaineering, a number of differences were observed in the patterns of motivational importance. The findings suggest that participants in risk recreation report different patterns of motivations that are contingent on their levels of experience. JF - Environment & Behavior AU - Ewert, Alan W AD - USDA Forest Service Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - Jan 1994 SP - 3 EP - 24 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9165, 0013-9165 KW - Environment Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - principal components analysis KW - national parks KW - Wilderness KW - USA, Alaska, Denali Natl. Park KW - risk taking KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20812162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+%26+Behavior&rft.atitle=Playing+the+Edge.+Motivation+and+Risk+Taking+in+a+High-Altitude+Wilderness+Like+Environment&rft.au=Ewert%2C+Alan+W&rft.aulast=Ewert&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Nonproliferation+Review&rft.issn=10736700&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10736700.2012.734185 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Alaska, Denali Natl. Park; USA, Alaska; risk taking; principal components analysis; Wilderness; national parks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916594261001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory policies for groundwater quality protection AN - 1849296714; 2016-103733 JF - American Water Resources Association Technical Publication Series AU - Kim, C S AU - Sandretto, Carmen Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 263 EP - 270 PB - AWRA - American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD VL - TPS-94-4 SN - 1070-6763, 1070-6763 KW - protection KW - models KW - water quality KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - pollution KW - policy KW - nitrate ion KW - cost KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1849296714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Water+Resources+Association+Technical+Publication+Series&rft.atitle=Regulatory+policies+for+groundwater+quality+protection&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BSandretto%2C+Carmen&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=TPS-94-4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Water+Resources+Association+Technical+Publication+Series&rft.issn=10706763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association 30th annual conference; national symposium on Water quality N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cost; ground water; models; nitrate ion; policy; pollutants; pollution; protection; regulations; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture. I. Effects on seed yield and soil aggregation AN - 17132103; 4436792 AB - Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi colonize plant roots and the surrounding bulk soil. They transport mineral nutrients from the soil to the plant and carbon compounds from the plant to the soil, and have pervasive effects on plant form and function and on the composition of the soil microbiota. This experiment evaluated VAM effects on plants and soil to determine if VAM fungi mediate a relationship between changes in seed yield and soil aggregation. In a pot experiment with peas, an isolate of the VAM fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe did not significantly affect seed yield (8%), but improved soil aggregation by 400% in one soil, a gray silt-loam high in organic matter (OM) and phosphorus. In another soil, a yellow clay-loam low in OM and phosphorus, seed yield was enhanced significantly (57%), but there was only a small change (50%) in aggregation. The results suggest that carbon allocation between the plant (measured as seed yield) and the soil (measured as the formation of water-stable aggregates) is influenced by this VAM fungus. The soil appeared to gain carbon at the expense of carbon lost by the plant. Mycorrhizal fungi thus seem to affect two biologically controlled aspects of sustainable agriculture: plant production and soil quality. JF - American Journal of Alternative Agriculture AU - Bethlenfalvay, G J AU - Barea, J-M AD - USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory (HCRL), Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 157 EP - 161 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0889-1893, 0889-1893 KW - roots KW - seeds KW - yield KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Vigna KW - Glomus mosseae KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17132103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizae+in+sustainable+agriculture.+I.+Effects+on+seed+yield+and+soil+aggregation&rft.au=Bethlenfalvay%2C+G+J%3BBarea%2C+J-M&rft.aulast=Bethlenfalvay&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Alternative+Agriculture&rft.issn=08891893&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glomus mosseae; Vigna ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenolic acid content of vegetative propagules of Potamogeton spp. and Hydrilla verticillata AN - 17083589; 3899096 AB - Plant phenols serve as defenses against attack by microorganisms and herbivores. Phenolic acid content of propagules of submersed aquatic plants were measured for three Potamogeton species and two biotypes of Hydrilla verticillata. Mean phenolic acid content ranged from 6.9 plus or minus 0.9 (mean plus or minus standard error) to 53.1 plus or minus 7.3 mu M/gdw. Turions of monoecious Hydrilla verticillata had the lowest phenolic acid content while Potamogeton gramineus winter buds had the highest phenolic acid content. In general Potamogeton propagules had higher phenol contents than Hydrilla propagules. Within species there was no significant negative relationship between propagule nitrogen content (%) and phenolic acid content, but across species phenolic acid content increased with increasing nitrogen content. This information will be useful in assessing the susceptibility of aquatic weeds to biological control techniques. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Aquatic Weed Control Res. Lab., Sect. Plant Biol., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 71 EP - 73 VL - 32 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Potamogeton KW - aquatic weed control KW - aquatic weeds KW - defense mechanisms KW - herbivores KW - tissue analysis KW - vegetative reproduction KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - nitrogen KW - phenols KW - carbon KW - weeds KW - survival KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17083589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Phenolic+acid+content+of+vegetative+propagules+of+Potamogeton+spp.+and+Hydrilla+verticillata&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbivores; phenols; carbon; aquatic plants; weeds; survival; vegetative reproduction; nitrogen; aquatic weed control; aquatic weeds; tissue analysis; Potamogeton; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of some phytopathogenic fungi and their metabolites on growth of Heliothis virescens (F.) and its host plants AN - 17068251; 3887765 AB - Eleven fungal isolates and their secondary metabolites incorporated into artificial diet were tested for oral toxicity to the tobacco budworm (TBW) by examining larval weight, efficiency of conversion of ingested food to body tissue (ECI), pupal weight, days to pupation, and mortality. Two isolates of Alternaria alternata, two isolates of Fusarium moniliforme, three isolates of F. oxysporum and an isolated of F. solani reduced larval weight 90-99% after 7 days and inhibited pupation. ECI was reduced 34-96% in control groups. One isolate of A. alternata reduced pupal weight by 67% and increased the time to pupation three-fold. One isolate of Cladosporium cladosporioides reduced larval weights by 56% and pupal weights by 7%. In a preference test of these isolates incorporated at a 1:4 ratio into artificial diet, 48% of the larvae were found on diet cubes containing autoclaved rice, 19% on standard diet, 10% on C. cladosporioides, 6-9% on F. solani, 8% on A. alternata and 3% on F. moniliforme. The fusarial toxins, T-2 and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), were the most active compounds against TBW larvae among the 10 microbial toxins tested. T-2 toxin reduced larval weight by 87%, reduced ECI by 62%, reduced pupal weight by 33% and delayed pupation by 1 week. DAS caused similar but less severe effects than T-2 toxin. AAL-toxin inhibited growth and reduced pupal weights by 20% and 13%, respectively. A. alternata, F. moniliforme and F. solani were also phytotoxic to alfalfa (Medicago sativa), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and wild geranium (Geranium dissectum), which are early season plant hosts of TBW. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Mulrooney, JE AD - USDA/ARS, SWSL and USDA/ARS, ATRU, PO Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 77 EP - 87 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - metabolites KW - Cladosporium cladosporioides KW - Alternaria alternata KW - Heliothis virescens KW - growth KW - A 01014:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17068251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+some+phytopathogenic+fungi+and+their+metabolites+on+growth+of+Heliothis+virescens+%28F.%29+and+its+host+plants&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BMulrooney%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolites; growth; Fusarium moniliforme; Cladosporium cladosporioides; Heliothis virescens; Alternaria alternata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and its relationship to eight sugar beet furo-like viruses from the United States AN - 17068171; 3891822 AB - The degree of relatedness among five beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) isolates and eight other rigid, rod-shaped viruses coined beet soilborne mosaic virus (BSBMV) isolated from sugar beet roots from the United States was evaluated by serology, electron microscopy, fungal transmission, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and host range. Polyclonal antisera to the C-terminal 60 amino acids of the BNYVV coat protein (CP), the 14- and 75-kDa nonstructural proteins, and seven monoclonal antibodies were specific to BNYVV in Western blots. Antisera to the BNYVV CP and its cloned CP reacted strongly with the 22-kDa CP of the BNYVV isolates, but weakly with the 24-kDa CP of the BSBMV. Antisera to the 42-kDa BNYVV nonstructural protein reacted with a 42-kDa protein of all BNYVV isolates and with a 44-kDa protein of all but one BSBMV isolate. No cross-reactivity was observed in reciprocal immunodiffusion tests between VNYVV and the BSBMV isolates using antisera to the CP of each virus. No products were observed for the BSBMV isolates analyzed in PCR using 10 BNYVV primer pairs. The eight BSBMV isolates investigated induced symptoms different from those of BNYVV in several hosts. Two BSBMV isolates tested were transmitted by Polymyxa betae. These eight BSBMV isolates appear to be furoviruses distinct from BNYVV. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wisler, G C AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Duffus, JE AD - USDA/ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 995 EP - 1001 VL - 78 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - beet soil-borne mosaic virus KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vector-borne diseases KW - Beta vulgaris KW - beet necrotic yellow vein virus KW - transmission KW - Polymyxa betae KW - fungi KW - rhizomania KW - taxonomy KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22010:Virus taxonomy & classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17068171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Beet+necrotic+yellow+vein+virus+and+its+relationship+to+eight+sugar+beet+furo-like+viruses+from+the+United+States&rft.au=Wisler%2C+G+C%3BLiu%2C+H-Y%3BDuffus%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Wisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beet necrotic yellow vein virus; Beta vulgaris; Polymyxa betae; vector-borne diseases; fungi; transmission; rhizomania; taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen and carbon concentrations, soluble proteins and free amino acids in subterranean turions of Hydrilla during overwintering AN - 17065138; 3892059 AB - The forms of nitrogen in subterranean turions of both biotypes of hydrilla found in the U.S. were quantified monthly from December 1989 to April 1990. Mean concentrations of free amino acids in subterranean turions ranged from 33.5 to 83.7 and 42.3 to 58.4 nmoles/(mg dry weight) for the monoecious and dioecious biotypes, respectively. Concentrations of soluble proteins in subterranean turions ranged from 19.9 to 28.3 and 15.7 to 22.7 mu g/(mg dry weight) for turions of the monoecious and dioecious biotype, respectively. There were no significant linear time-dependent changes in the concentrations of free amino acids or soluble proteins during the overwintering period. Asparagine, alanine and arginine were major free amino acids in turions of both biotypes in October and April. Carbon concentrations decreased from 42 to 39% between December and April for turions of either biotype, while nitrogen concentrations fell from 1.41% to 1.21% for monoecious turions, with an approximately equivalent change in nitrogen composition for dioecious turions. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Ryan, F J AD - USDA ARS Aquatic Weed Res. Lab., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 67 EP - 70 VL - 32 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - biochemical analysis KW - macrophytes KW - overwintering KW - turions KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - nitrogen compounds KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - carbon KW - amino acids KW - seasonal variations KW - proteins KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17065138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+carbon+concentrations%2C+soluble+proteins+and+free+amino+acids+in+subterranean+turions+of+Hydrilla+during+overwintering&rft.au=Ryan%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemical analysis; nitrogen compounds; overwintering; amino acids; carbon; aquatic plants; turions; seasonal variations; proteins; macrophytes; Hydrilla verticillata; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of field application of an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus on the populations of A. flavus infecting cotton bolls and on the aflatoxin content of cottonseed AN - 17063586; 3883835 AB - An atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus was applied to soils planted with cotton in Yuma, Arizona, to assess the ability of the atoxigenic strain to competitively exclude aflatoxin-producing strains during cotton boll infection and thereby prevent aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. In both 1989 and 1990, the atoxigenic strain displaced other infecting strains during cotton boll development. Displacement was associated with significant reductions in the quantity of aflatoxins contaminating the crop at maturity. Although frequency of infected locules differed between years (1% versus 25%), in both years displacement occurred without increases in the amount of infection as measured by the quantity of locules with bright-green-yellow-fluorescence (BGYF). In the low infection year (1990), locules exhibiting BGYF were analyzed individually for both incidence of the applied strain and aflatoxin content. In the high infection year (1989), infected seed from each replicate plot (32 total) were pooled and analyzed for both aflatoxin and incidence of the released strain. Results of the latter analyses indicate an inverse relationship (r = 0.71, P <0.001) between aflatoxin content and the percent seed infected by the applied strain. In 1990, quantities of A. flavus on mature crop surfaces did not differ between treated and untreated plots. When reisolated from the infected crop the applied atoxigenic strain retained the atoxigenic phenotype. Most infecting strains belonging to other vegetative compatibility groups did produce detectable quantities of aflatoxin B sub(1) in liquid fermentation. The applied atoxigenic strain spread from treated plots to untreated controls at different rates in the two years and accounted for 7 and 25% of A. flavus strains isolated from infected locules in untreated control plots in 1990 and 1989, respectively. The results suggest that the aflatoxin-producing potential of A. flavus populations associated with crop production can be reduced in order to reduce aflatoxin contamination. JF - Phytopathology AU - Cotty, P J AD - Southern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1270 EP - 1277 VL - 84 IS - 11 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - aflatoxins KW - contamination KW - soil KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17063586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+field+application+of+an+atoxigenic+strain+of+Aspergillus+flavus+on+the+populations+of+A.+flavus+infecting+cotton+bolls+and+on+the+aflatoxin+content+of+cottonseed&rft.au=Cotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Cotty&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Gossypium hirsutum; soil; aflatoxins; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substrate selectivity in Aspergillus ficuum phytase and acid phosphatases using myo-inositol phosphates AN - 17047384; 3871678 AB - The three extracellular acid phosphatases produced by Aspergillus ficuum have varying affinities for myo-inositol hexakis-, pentakis-, tetrakis-, and trisphosphate. Phytase has previously been shown to degrade phytate at pH 5.5 and 2.5, but similar activity has not been demonstrated in the concurrently produced extracellular acid phosphatases. Data obtained in this study demonstrate that the acid phosphatase with an optimum at pH 2.5 is a potent phytase at this pH. However, the pH 6.0 optimum acid phosphatase hydrolyzes phosphate from the myo-inositol backbone very poorly. The kinetic parameters obtained for these enzymes indicate the potential value of both phytase and pH 2.5 acid phosphatase as feed additives for monogastric animals. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Ullah, AHJ AU - Phillippy, B Q AD - South. Reg. Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 423 EP - 425 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - 6-phytase KW - acid phosphatase KW - myo-inositol phosphates KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus ficuum KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17047384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Substrate+selectivity+in+Aspergillus+ficuum+phytase+and+acid+phosphatases+using+myo-inositol+phosphates&rft.au=Ullah%2C+AHJ%3BPhillippy%2C+B+Q&rft.aulast=Ullah&rft.aufirst=AHJ&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus ficuum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol by the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 AN - 17045354; 3878605 AB - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol was detected in and isolated from culture extracts of the biological control bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Its structure was identified using a combination of chromatographic techniques and NMR spectroscopic methods. Carbon source influenced 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production by Pf-5 in culture media. 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol inhibited growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani, and the plant pathogenic bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroceptica, which cause diseases that are suppressed by strain Pf-5. The results of this study provide further evidence for the prevalence of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production among strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens that suppress plant diseases. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Nowak-Thompson, B AU - Gould, S J AU - Kraus, J AU - Loper, JE AD - USDA - Agric. Res. Serv., Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1064 EP - 1066 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - biological control KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17045354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Broadening+the+Security+Paradigm%3A+A+Note+on+the+Tension+between+the+Realist+and+Anti-Proliferation+Lobbies+in+India&rft.au=Das%2C+Runa&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Runa&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.issn=00195510&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas fluorescens; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field and greenhouse evaluations of pearl millet for partial resistance to Puccinia substriata var. indica AN - 17038926; 3872222 AB - Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) inbreds Tift 383, 700481-21-8, and ICMP 501 were evaluated for partial rust resistance in comparison to the susceptible inbred Tift 23DB. In field trials, area under the disease progress curves of the three inbreds were less than that of Tift 23DB when disease pressure was severe. Uredinium dimensions on seedlings 10 days after inoculation were smaller for the three inbreds than for Tift 23DB. Seedlings exhibited susceptible infection types when inoculated with four single-uredinium isolates except for a moderately resistant infection type 2 when ICMP 501 was inoculated with isolate PS89-775. Whole-plant latent periods of the three inbreds were longer than that of Tift 23DB when inoculated with a bulk rust collection, but longer only for ICMP 501 when inoculated with isolate PS92-1. No inbred was consistently more resistant than Tift 23DB across all evaluations. Tift 383, 700481-21-8, and ICMP 501 express low to moderate levels of partial resistance, which may be more consistent in expression and useful if they were combined. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wilson, J P AD - USDA-ARS Forage and Turf Res. Unit, Univ. Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Stn., Tifton, TX 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1202 EP - 1205 VL - 78 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - Puccinia substriata indica KW - rust KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17038926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Small+Wars+and+Insurgencies&rft.atitle=The+Challenge+of+Preventive+Diplomacy+and+Deterrence+in+the+Global+Security+Environment%3A+Applying+the+%22Iron+Fist%22+within+the+%22Velvet+Glove%22+Now+and+in+the+Future&rft.au=Corr%2C+Edwin+G%3BManwaring%2C+Max+G&rft.aulast=Corr&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Small+Wars+and+Insurgencies&rft.issn=09592318&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pennisetum glaucum; Puccinia substriata indica; disease resistance; rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competitive exclusion of Salmonella enteritidis in leghorn chicks: Comparison of treatment by crop gavage, drinking water, spray, or lyophilized alginate beads AN - 17028235; 3868497 AB - The protective effect of cecal bacteria cultures on Salmonella enteritidis cecal colonization was evaluated. Competitive-exclusion cultures were administered by crop gavage, in first drinking water, by whole body spray, or encapsulated in alginate beads and provided in feed pans. Leghorn chicks were treated with cultures of cecal bacteria on the day of hatch and challenged orally with 10 super(4) S. enteritidis 2 days after treatment. Salmonella cecal colonization was evaluated 7 days after challenge. No Salmonella organisms were detected in the ceca of chicks treated with cecal cultures by crop gavage. Chicks treated with cecal cultures in the drinking water or by spray application showed comparable protection and significant decreases in the number of Salmonella in the cecal contents compared with untreatel controls. The consumption of cecal bacteria encapsulated in alginate beads significantly decreased Salmonella cecal colonization compared with control treatment, but it provided less protection than the other treatment methods evaluated. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Corrier, DE AU - Hollister, A G AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Scanlan, C M AU - Beier, R C AU - DeLoach, J R AD - Food Anim. Protect. Res. Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 297 EP - 303 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - alginic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - sprays KW - cecum KW - beads KW - drinking water KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17028235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Competitive+exclusion+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+leghorn+chicks%3A+Comparison+of+treatment+by+crop+gavage%2C+drinking+water%2C+spray%2C+or+lyophilized+alginate+beads&rft.au=Corrier%2C+DE%3BHollister%2C+A+G%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BScanlan%2C+C+M%3BBeier%2C+R+C%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Corrier&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; drinking water; beads; sprays; cecum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of toxic and teratogenic effects of Lupinus formosus, L. arbustus and L. caudatus in goats AN - 17025817; 3867246 AB - Spanish goats were used to compare toxic and teratogenic effects of three lupine species with different alkaloid composition, Lupinus formosus, L. arbustus and L. caudatus. Lupinus formosus induced mild to moderate clinical toxicity in goats when fed during gestation days 30-60 and severely reduced fetal movement, resulting in teratogenic effects (cleft palate, limb and spinal deformities) in their offspring. Lupinus arbustus induced only equivocal clinical signs of toxicity in pregnant goats when fed during the same period of gestation, fetal movement appeared normal although slightly less vigorous, and newborns exhibited no birth defects. Lupinus caudatus did not induce any maternal toxicity, nor reduce fetal movement, and the offspring were normal. Lupinus formosus contained 0.68% total piperidines: 0.37% was ammodendrine, 0.30% was N-acetylhystrine and 0.01% was N-methylammodendrine by plant dry weight. Lupinus arbustus, contained 0.64% of a single piperidine alkaloid, ammodendrine, and 0.28% other alkaloids. Lupinus caudatus contained no piperidines but 1.92% total quinolizidines including 0.22% anagyrine. Apparently, piperidine alkaloids other than ammodendrine found in L. formosus but not L. arbustus are important in the induction of fetotoxicity resulting in birth defects. This report demonstrates that goats are apparently more resistant than cattle to the toxic and teratogenic effects of Lupinus caudatus and that N-acetylhystrine and perhaps other minor alkaloids may be important piperidines in addition to ammodendrine in the induction of birth defects in cattle and goats by L. formosus. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Panter, KE AU - Gardner AU - Molyneux, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 83 EP - 93 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - goats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Lupinus arbustus KW - Lupinus formosus KW - teratogenicity KW - Lupinus caudatus KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17025817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Review+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=British+nuclear+non-proliferation+policies+towards+Iran+and+the+Middle+East&rft.au=Ellner%2C+Andrea&rft.aulast=Ellner&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cambridge+Review+of+International+Affairs&rft.issn=09557571&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09557571.2012.734780 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lupinus formosus; Lupinus arbustus; Lupinus caudatus; teratogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ammodendrine and related piperidine alkaloid levels in the blood plasma of cattle, sheep and goats fed Lupinus formosus AN - 17024255; 3867151 AB - Cattle, sheep and goats were gavaged single doses of teratogenic lupine plant (Lupinus formosus) and blood plasma alkaloid levels measured and compared. Ammodendrine and two other closely related piperidines, N-methylammodendrine and N-acetylhystrine, were detected in the blood plasma of all three animal species within 0.5 hours after dosage. Peak alkaloid levels occurred within 24 hours with total blood plasma piperidine alkaloid levels ranging from 0.4 mu g/mL in goats, 1.1 mu g/mL in cows, to 1.3 mu g/mL in sheep. Only trace (< 0.1 mu g/mL) levels of alkaloids were detected in the blood plasma after 50 hours post dosage. Cows and sheep had slight to moderate signs of toxicity one hour after dosage. Goats had no signs of toxicity after receiving a dosage by body weight of teratogenic plant material equivalent to that of the sheep. In addition to the previously proposed teratogenic alkaloid ammodendrine, a compound of similar structure, N-acetylhystrine, was found in relatively high concentrations in the dosed plant material, implicating this compound as a possible teratogen of L. formosus. JF - Journal of Natural Toxins AU - Gardner AU - Panter, KE AD - USDA-ARS-Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 107 EP - 116 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - ammodendrine KW - alkaloids KW - cattle KW - sheep KW - goats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - plasma KW - Lupinus formosus KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17024255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Slavic+Military+Studies&rft.atitle=Moscow%27s+Visions+of+Future+War%3A+So+Many+Conflict+Scenarios+So+Little+Time%2C+Money+and+Forces&rft.au=Goure%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Goure&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2014-01-02&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+Slavic+Military+Studies&rft.issn=13518046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F13518046.2014.874841 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lupinus formosus; plasma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of Pasteuria sp. attacking Heterodera glycines in North America AN - 17024149; 3867066 AB - Endospores of a Pasteuria sp. were observed on Heterodera glycines second-stage juveniles and males recovered from soil in microplots in which nematode populations had been declining for several years. Conventional scanning electron microscopy was used to observe and measure endospores on second-stage juveniles (J2) of both a race 3 and a race 4 population. Endospores were elipsoidal; those attached to J2 of race 3 measured (X super(-)) 4.2 x 3.7 mu m with a height of 2.0 mu m, and those on race 4 were 4.3 x 3.7 mu m with a height of 2.3 mu m. Measurements taken under light microscopy indicated that endospores attached to J2 of race 3 were 5.0 x 4.8 mu m with a height of 2.2 mu m. The velutinous exosporium of the H. glycines-infecting P. nishizawae from Japan was not visible in the Illinois isolate. Differences in endospore morphology and the apparent inability of the Illinois isolate to complete its life cycle in females indicate that the Japanese and Illinois isolates are distinct species of Pasteuria. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Noel, G R AU - Stanger, BA AD - USDA ARS, Crop Prot. Res. Unit, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 VL - t SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - North America KW - biological control KW - Heterodera glycines KW - Pasteuria KW - Nematoda KW - Glycine max KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17024149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Politics+%26+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Durability+of+Managed+Rivalry%3A+Iran%27s+Relations+with+Russia+and+the+Saudi+Dimension&rft.au=Zweiri%2C+Mahjoob%3BWootton%2C+Matthew&rft.aulast=Zweiri&rft.aufirst=Mahjoob&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Asian+Politics+%26+Policy&rft.issn=19430779&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteuria; Heterodera glycines; Glycine max; Nematoda; North America; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maize responses to a severe isolate of maize chlorotic dwarf virus AN - 17006934; 3840933 AB - The results of incidence ratings to assess the host response of maize (Zea mays L.) to natural infection, or to controlled inoculation in either the field or the greenhouse, with maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) appear inconsistent for identification of resistant or tolerant responses. Our objective was to determine whether assessment of the severity of three symptoms on the leaves (veinbanding, chlorosis, and twisting of the leaf and tearing of the leaf margin) would consistently allow differentiation of the host responses of maize inbreds and hybrids to inoculation with two isolates of MCDV. Symptom severity was assessed using a 1 to 5 visual rating for each of the three symptoms at three to four time intervals after controlled inoculation with a severe isolate of MCDV in both greenhouse and field experiments. Analysis of the symptom severity assessments grouped genotypes into similar host response categories in both environments. Incidence ratings of genotypes in greenhouse studies were not significantly different, and field incidence ratings were inconsistent. Height reduction in greenhouse grown plants was most severe in genotypes with high levels of expression of the other symptoms but was of limited value in differentiating genotypic groups. Comparison of the average symptom severity assessments using the severe and type isolates indicated that symptom expression in field-grown plants was more severe when inoculated with the severe isolate of MCDV. Regardless of virus isolate, symptoms of plants grown in the field were not as severe as those on plants grown in the greenhouse. A reduction in symptom severity was associated with hybrid vigor of field-grown plants. In one field study, the level of symptom severity was correlated with both yield and plant height reduction of hybrids. JF - Crop Science AU - Pratt, R C AU - Anderson, R J AU - Louie, R AU - McMullen, MD AU - Knoke, J K AD - USDA-ARS, Ohio State Univ., Ohio Agric. Res. and Dev. Cent., Wooster, OH 44691, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 635 EP - 641 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - symptoms KW - Zea mays KW - infection KW - resistance KW - maize chlorotic dwarf virus KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17006934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Maize+responses+to+a+severe+isolate+of+maize+chlorotic+dwarf+virus&rft.au=Pratt%2C+R+C%3BAnderson%2C+R+J%3BLouie%2C+R%3BMcMullen%2C+MD%3BKnoke%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - maize chlorotic dwarf virus; Zea mays; infection; symptoms; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of CO sub(2) enrichment on whole-plant carbon budget of seedlings of Fagus grandifolia and Acer saccharum in low irradiance AN - 17002957; 3844722 AB - Carbon exchange rates (CER) and whole-plant carbon balances of beech (Fagus grandifolia) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) were compared for seedlings grown under low irradiance to determine the effects of atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment on shade-tolerant seedlings of co-dominant species. Under contemporary atmospheric CO sub(2), photosynthetic rate per unit mass of beech was lower than for sugar maple, and atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment enhanced photosynthesis for beech only. Aboveground respiration per unit mass decreased with CO sub(2) enrichment for both species while root respiration per unit mass decreased for sugar maple only. Under contemporary atmospheric CO sub(2), beech had lower C uptake per plant than sugar maple, while C losses per plant to nocturnal aboveground and root respiration were similar for both species. Under elevated CO sub(2), C uptake per plant was similar for both species, indicating a significant relative increase in whole-seedling CER with CO sub(2) enrichment for beech but not for sugar maple. Total C loss per plant to aboveground respiration was decreased for beech only because increase in sugar maple leaf mass counterbalanced a reduction in respiration rates. Carbon loss to root respiration per plant was not changed by CO sub(2) enrichment for either species. However, changes in maintenance respiration cost and nitrogen level suggest changes in tissue composition with elevated CO sub(2). Beech had a greater net daily C gain with CO sub(2) enrichment than did sugar maple in contrast to a lower one under contemporary CO sub(2). Elevated CO sub(2) preferentially enhances the net C balance of beech by increasing photosynthesis and reducing respiration cost. In all cases, the greatest C lost was by roots, indicating the importance of belowground biomass in net C gain. Relative growth rate estimated from biomass accumulation was not affected by CO sub(2) enrichment for either species possibly because of slow growth under low light. This study indicates the importance of direct effects of CO sub(2) enrichment when predicting potential change in species distribution with global climate change. JF - Oecologia AU - Reid, C D AU - Strain, B R AD - USDA/ARS Dep. Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., 1509 Varsity Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 31 EP - 39 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - respiration KW - Acer saccharum KW - light intensity KW - seedlings KW - Fagus grandifolia KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17002957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Effects+of+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment+on+whole-plant+carbon+budget+of+seedlings+of+Fagus+grandifolia+and+Acer+saccharum+in+low+irradiance&rft.au=Reid%2C+C+D%3BStrain%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fagus grandifolia; Acer saccharum; seedlings; respiration; light intensity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Freeze-thaw and winter temperature of agricultural soils in interior Alaska AN - 17001341; 3836850 AB - Freeze-thaw and winter temperature of soil influences the viability of perennial plants, yet the thermal regime of agricultural soils is virtually unknown in interior Alaska. The frequency of daily freeze-thaw events in the spring and fall, winter temperature minima, and the duration of critically-low winter temperatures in the plant root zone (0.05 to 0.40 m depth) were ascertained from daily air and soil temperature data collected from September 1987 through May 1992 at Fairbanks (64 degree 51'N) and Delta Junction (63 degree 55'N). Soil freeze-thaw events at both stations occurred more frequently in spring than in fall and were influenced in part by snow cover. At Delta Junction, where persistent winds result in thin snowpacks, the lowest soil temperature observed during this study was -29.1 degree C. Temperatures at 0.05 m were lower than 0 degree and -15 degree C (lethal temperature of winter grains and legumes) for 169 and 14 consecutive days, respectively. At Fairbanks, the lowest soil temperature was -12.3 degree C. This study suggested that snow management on agricultural fields in interior Alaska can influence the frequency of soil freeze-thaw and the occurrence of lethal winter temperatures. JF - Cold Regions Science and Technology AU - Sharratt, B S AD - USDA-ARS, 309 O'Neill Bldg., Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775-0080, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 105 EP - 111 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0165-232X, 0165-232X KW - frost heave KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - soil temperature KW - soil physical properties KW - air temperature KW - plants KW - agriculture KW - freeze-thaw tests KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17001341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cold+Regions+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Freeze-thaw+and+winter+temperature+of+agricultural+soils+in+interior+Alaska&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cold+Regions+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0165232X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - freeze-thaw tests; soil temperature; agriculture; plants; soil physical properties; air temperature; USA, Alaska ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simplicity versus efficiency in sampling designs and estimation AN - 16997936; 3831941 AB - Simplicity and efficiency in design and estimation are all important in deciding on sampling strategies. A simple model is given and illustrated for four practical situations to show how a good sampling strategy should be selected. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Schreuder, H T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exp. Stn., 240 West Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 237 EP - 245 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - experimental design KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - environmental monitoring KW - experimental research KW - sampling KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16997936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Simplicity+versus+efficiency+in+sampling+designs+and+estimation&rft.au=Schreuder%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Schreuder&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental monitoring; experimental research; sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preharvest aflatoxin contamination of maize inoculated with Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme AN - 16997480; 3834414 AB - A two-year factorial experiment was utilized to test plants field-inoculated singly and in combination with Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme. Pinbar inoculations were made through the husks with conidial suspensions, and 10-ear maize samples were harvested at 60 days post-silking for aflatoxin determinations. When ears were inoculated with both fungi simultaneously, F. moniliforme reduced aflatoxin formation by A. flavus isolate NRRL 3357 by approximately two-thirds. F. moniliforme had no significant effect on naturally occurring aflatoxin contamination by A. flavus. This may be due to the timing of infection by both fungi in the field. In nature, A. flavus and F. moniliforme respond differently to the environment, offering one explanation of why F. moniliforme did not measurably affect the other fungus. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Widstrom, N W AU - McMillian, W W AU - Wilson, D M AU - Richard, J L AU - Zummo, N AU - Beaver, R W AD - USDA-ARS, IBPMRL, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 119 EP - 123 VL - 128 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Zea mays KW - aflatoxins KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16997480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Preharvest+aflatoxin+contamination+of+maize+inoculated+with+Aspergillus+flavus+and+Fusarium+moniliforme&rft.au=Widstrom%2C+N+W%3BMcMillian%2C+W+W%3BWilson%2C+D+M%3BRichard%2C+J+L%3BZummo%2C+N%3BBeaver%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Widstrom&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Fusarium moniliforme; Zea mays; aflatoxins; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purge and trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for determining smoke contamination of foods and packaging materials AN - 16997127; 3839740 AB - Food and packaging materials from three separate fires were analyzed for volatiles by purge and trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PT/GC/MS) and compared to unexposed control samples. Concentrations of naphthalene and small alkyl-substituted (methyl, ethyl, dimethyl) naphthalene residues were consistently higher in the smoke odor containing foods than in the controls. Naphthalene and methylnaphthalene residues were used as indicators of smoke exposure in food and packaging materials. By using this method to analyze foods that had been exposed to smoke yet contained no organoleptically detectable smoke residues, it was shown that this PT/GC/MS naphthalene method is a more sensitive indicator of smoke exposure than is organoleptic evaluation. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Johnston, J J AU - Wong, J P AU - Feldman, SE AU - Ilnicki, L P AD - FSIS West. Lab., USDA, P.O. Box 4008, Alameda, CA 94501, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1954 EP - 1958 VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - naphthalene KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - mass spectroscopy KW - organoleptic evaluation KW - methodology KW - off flavor KW - smoke KW - taints KW - gas chromatography KW - volatiles KW - food KW - packaging materials KW - contamination KW - R 18122:Taints & off-flavors KW - R 18123:Sensory evaluation of food KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - R 18130:Apparatus & methodology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16997127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Purge+and+trap%2Fgas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+method+for+determining+smoke+contamination+of+foods+and+packaging+materials&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BWong%2C+J+P%3BFeldman%2C+SE%3BIlnicki%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy; smoke; contamination; packaging materials; food; organoleptic evaluation; volatiles; taints; off flavor; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal and spatial patterns of breeding brown-headed cowbirds in the midwestern United States AN - 16994320; 3826000 AB - Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are an obligate brood parasite and a potential threat to some populations of migratory songbirds. I used radio-telemetry to study temporal patterns in behavior, habitat use, and sociality, as well as spatial patterns and movements among breeding, feeding, and roosting areas. I obtained a mean of 42 locations of 84 radio-tagged female cowbirds on three study sites in Illinois and Missouri. Radio-tagged females usually were located in forest and shrub-sapling habitats with a mean of 1.4 males during the morning breeding period. During midmorning to early afternoon, females commuted to short-grass, cropland, and feedlot habitats; they fed in small flocks. At dusk females roosted singly or in small groups near breeding or feeding areas, or commuted to a large communal roost. Behavior and time of day, behavior and habitat use, and habitat use and time of day were highly associated. For approximately 90% of the radio-tagged cowbirds, breeding, feeding, and roosting locations were distributed nonrandomly within home ranges, and came from distinct utilization distributions. Cowbirds moved an average of 3.6 km between roosting and breeding locations, 1.2 km between breeding and feeding locations, and 2.6 km between feeding and roosting locations. Midwestern cowbirds show the same pattern of commuting between disjunct breeding and feeding areas as elsewhere in their range. JF - Auk AU - Thompson, III AD - USDA Forest Serv. North Cent. Forest Exp. Stn., 1-26 Agric. Build., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 979 EP - 990 VL - 111 IS - 4 SN - 0004-8038, 0004-8038 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Molothrus ater KW - habitat utilization KW - USA, Midwest KW - breeding status KW - social behavior KW - females KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16994320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Temporal+and+spatial+patterns+of+breeding+brown-headed+cowbirds+in+the+midwestern+United+States&rft.au=Thompson%2C+III&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=III&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molothrus ater; USA, Midwest; breeding status; habitat utilization; social behavior; females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulldown forces for collecting large soil monoliths AN - 16991446; 3633887 AB - The force for pulling down large, steel monolith tanks was measured for a fine sandy loam, a silt loam, and clay loam soil with varying soil water contents in two of the soils. Pressure gages on hydraulic jacking equipment were used to measure force as a function of depth throughout the 2.4-m installation depth of the soil monolith tanks. Monolith tank areas were 0.75 x 1.00 m or 3.00 x 3.00 m, and the tank wall thickness was 9.5 mm. Except for the effects of natural hard pans or plow pans, pulldown force was linearly related to depth. When pulldown force was converted to wall friction, the average wall friction after wetting for each of the three soils was about 20 kPa. For most agricultural soils without rocks or cemented layers, the monolith tank wall friction from prewetted soil should also be less than 20 kPa. Wall friction variability decreased with depth so that a safety factor of 1.25 would be satisfactory in designing monolith collection equipment. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Schneider, AD AU - Steiner, J L AU - Howell, T A AD - USDA-ARS, Bushland, TX, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 831 EP - 835 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - measuring instruments KW - monitoring KW - loam KW - hydraulic equipment KW - steel KW - construction KW - evapotranspiration KW - lysimeters KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16991446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Pulldown+forces+for+collecting+large+soil+monoliths&rft.au=Schneider%2C+AD%3BSteiner%2C+J+L%3BHowell%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; hydraulic equipment; loam; steel; lysimeters; evapotranspiration; monitoring; measuring instruments; construction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A classification of subtropical riverine grassland and forest in Chitwan National Park, Nepal AN - 16989529; 3634106 AB - Eight grassland associations with ten phases and two riverine forest associations were identified on the floodplains of Chitwan National Park in lowland Nepal. Two Themeda arundinacea associations were primarily stable edaphic associations on mollic soils, often with aquic moisture regimes. Themeda associations were floristically similar to adjacent sal forest. Four mixed tall-grass associations primarily of Narenga porphyrocoma, Saccharum bengalense, and Saccharum spontaneum were identified. These and Themeda arundinacea types were characterized by a very weak component of woody species. Two grass-shrub associations of Saccharum bengalense and Narenga porphyrocoma with a strong woody species component typical of riverine forest were described. Trewia nudiflora-Bombax ceiba riverine forest and mixed riverine forest types also were identified on the basis of understory composition. Mixed tall-grass and grass-shrub associations appeared to represent early and late phases of grassland succession to riverine forest. Trajectories of succession are controlled primarily by fire and wildlife grazing. The classification refines the general classifications applied to the central Terai of Nepal and India, and should provide insight for classification of other Terai riverine grasslands. JF - Vegetatio AU - Lehmkuhl, J F AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., 3625 93rd SW, Olympia, WA 98502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 29 EP - 43 VL - 111 IS - 1 SN - 0042-3106, 0042-3106 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - grasses KW - succession KW - flood plains KW - Nepal KW - D 04126:Tropical forests KW - D 04116:Tropical savannahs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16989529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=A+classification+of+subtropical+riverine+grassland+and+forest+in+Chitwan+National+Park%2C+Nepal&rft.au=Lehmkuhl%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Lehmkuhl&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nepal; grasses; forests; flood plains; succession ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absorption and organ content of cadmium from the kernels of confectionery sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) fed to male rats AN - 16987111; 3827111 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of cadmium from the kernels of sunflowers grown in soils containing a natural abundance of cadmium. Weanling male rats were used as the experimental model. Fresh sunflower kernels containing either 330 or 780 mu g Cd/kg were ground and added to a purified rodent diet at 20%. Cadmium chloride was added to purified diets without kernels. After 10 weeks, a test meal of each diet, containing super(109)Cd, was fed and whole-body counting techniques were used to estimate cadmium absorption. Cadmium absorption from all diets ranged from 0.39 to 0.55%. Absorption was 30% less (P < 0.001) from diets containing kernels than from those that did not. The concentrations of cadmium in various organs were proportional to the amounts in the diet but highest in the intestinal mucosa. Cadmium tended to be lower in organs of rats fed diets with sunflower kernels than in those of rats fed diets without sunflower kernels. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Reeves, P G AU - Johnson, P E AU - Rossow, K L AD - Grand Forks Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2836 EP - 2843 VL - 42 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - cadmium KW - heavy metals KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - feeds KW - Helianthus annuus KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16987111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Absorption+and+organ+content+of+cadmium+from+the+kernels+of+confectionery+sunflowers+%28Helianthus+annuus%29+fed+to+male+rats&rft.au=Reeves%2C+P+G%3BJohnson%2C+P+E%3BRossow%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helianthus annuus; feeds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of ribosomal RNA genes from three species of Haemonchus (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) and identification of PCR primers for rapid differentiation AN - 16986269; 3632301 AB - Genomic DNAs prepared from adult worms of Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus placei, and Haemonchus similis were used to clone and map complete ribosomal RNA gene repeats from each species. The lengths of the repeating units were estimated at 7.2, 7.2, and 7.4 kb, respectively, with a second and distinct repeat 6.9 kb in length identified from H. contortus only. Restriction enzyme recognition sites within all ribosomal RNA genes were fully conserved except for the loss of SAlI site within the large subunit rRNA gene of the 6.9-kb H. contortus repeat where only minor differences were observed in the restriction enzyme recognition sequences within the external spacer DNAs. Sequence analysis of the subcloned small subunit ribosomal DNAs from each species demonstrated 100% conservation within the 1758-bp fragments with only limited sequence variability observed within the adjacent 5' external-transcribed spacer. JF - Experimental Parasitology AU - Zarlenga, D S AU - Stringfellow, F AU - Nobary, M AU - Lichtenfels, J R AD - USDA, Livest. and Poult. Sci. Inst., Biosystematic Parasitol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 28 EP - 36 VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 0014-4894, 0014-4894 KW - Haemonchus similis KW - rRNA KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - gene mapping KW - differentiation KW - Haemonchus contortus KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - Haemonchus placei KW - G 07363:GENERAL KW - N 14414:Structure and sequence KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33130:Genetic based (PCR, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16986269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+ribosomal+RNA+genes+from+three+species+of+Haemonchus+%28Nematoda%3A+Trichostrongyloidea%29+and+identification+of+PCR+primers+for+rapid+differentiation&rft.au=Zarlenga%2C+D+S%3BStringfellow%2C+F%3BNobary%2C+M%3BLichtenfels%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Zarlenga&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+Parasitology&rft.issn=00144894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - differentiation; gene mapping; polymerase chain reaction; Haemonchus contortus; Haemonchus placei ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drainage and irrigation effects on cotton production AN - 16983785; 3633888 AB - Excessively wet and dry soil conditions can occur during the same year in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. Water management systems that provide both subsurface drainage during wet soil conditions and irrigation during dry soil conditions are desired. Several water table management alternatives, possibly with surface irrigation such as microirrigation, could satisfy these needs. Three water table management (WTM) systems and microirrigation were evaluated for three cotton cultivars on a southeastern Coastal Plain soil during 1987-1989. The WTM systems included controlled drainage-subirrigation (CDSI), controlled drainage (CD), and subsurface drainage (SSD). All WTM systems had both surface microirrigation and rainfed treatments. Cotton cultivars were Coker 315, DPL 50, and DPL 90. Seasonal rainfall, subirrigation, and microirrigation amounts varied considerably during the three-year period. Water requirements for subirrigation in the CDSI system were high (1477 to 2841 mm), but neither microirrigation nor subirrigation water requirements were closely related to seasonal rainfall amounts. Cotton lint yields among WTM systems were significantly different in two of three years; yields for the CDSI system were lowest (836 and 766 kg/ha) and yields for CD and SSD were highest (1022 and 942 kg/ha, respectively). Wetter-than-optimum soil conditions in all irrigated treatments, especially in combination with the CDSI system, probably caused the reduced yield. Microirrigation produced significantly greater lint yields than the rainfed treatments in the first two years of the study (1127 and 1116 kg/ha versus 492 and 801 kg/ha), but not in the last year (872 versus 874 kg/ha) when seasonal rainfall was least of the three years but was better distributed. There were significant yield differences among cotton cultivars in two years, but no cultivar consistently produced the greatest or least yield. Cotton yield increases obtained with these WTM system-microirrigation combinations suggest the need to control the water table closer to the soil surface in southeastern Coastal Plain soils when surface irrigation is not used. The CDSI could provide a profitable management alternative if a water table fluctuates near the soil surface much of the time, especially during the growing season. Where subsurface drainage is needed part of the year, it may be more profitable to use CD or SSD systems with surface irrigation, especially when maintaining the water table near the soil surface in CDSI systems requires a large water volume. However, the combined cost of the subsurface drainage and microirrigation systems would be very high and might not be profitable for crops such as cotton. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Camp, C R AU - Thomas, WM AU - Doty, C W AD - USDA-ARS, Florence, SC, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 823 EP - 830 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - cotton KW - water storage KW - water table KW - subsurface drainage KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - rainfall KW - drainage KW - water management KW - water requirements KW - irrigation water KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16983785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Drainage+and+irrigation+effects+on+cotton+production&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BThomas%2C+WM%3BDoty%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - irrigation water; drainage; water management; subsurface drainage; water table; rainfall; water requirements; water storage; soil water; cotton; soil-water-plant relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of ozone exposure characteristics in forested regions near Mexico City and Los Angeles AN - 16982805; 3634223 AB - This comparison of forest exposure to ozone in the vicinity of Mexico City and Los Angeles provides preliminary evidence of the seasonal differences in ozone concentrations. Summer concentrations near Mexico City are not as high as those near Los Angeles because most of the precipitation and associated cloudiness occurs near Mexico City during the months of June through September. Winter concentrations remain nearly as high as summer concentrations at Mexico City, because in winter skies are clearer and incident sunlight remains high. Latitudinal influences on solar zenith angle and the higher altitude of the Mexico City region both contribute to a higher actinic flux than in the Los Angeles region. The primary difference in forest exposure is that there is very little respite from adverse ozone concentrations during the entire year in the Mexico City region. Also, the rainy summer season would likely diminish water stress and result in greater ozone uptake at the Desierto de los Leones compared to dry summer conditions in California. The closer proximity of the Desierto de los Leones monitoring site to the urban area also contributes to high winter exposures. There is some respite from exposure during the winter in the San Bernardino mountain region; however, summer concentrations are higher than near Mexico City. The greater transport distance from the Los Angeles source region also contributes to lower winter exposures. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Miller, PR AU - Bauer, M L AU - Nolasco, A Q AU - Tejeda, TH AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., For. Serv., USDA, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 141 EP - 148 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, California, Los Angeles KW - urban areas KW - air pollution KW - ozone KW - Mexico, Mexico City KW - pollution effects KW - bioindicators KW - seasonal variations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16982805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+ozone+exposure+characteristics+in+forested+regions+near+Mexico+City+and+Los+Angeles&rft.au=Miller%2C+PR%3BBauer%2C+M+L%3BNolasco%2C+A+Q%3BTejeda%2C+TH&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mexico, Mexico City; USA, California, Los Angeles; ozone; seasonal variations; forests; bioindicators; air pollution; pollution effects; urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fine root growth phenology, production, and turnover in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem AN - 16982065; 3631716 AB - A large part of the nutrient flux in deciduous forests is through fine root turnover, yet this process is seldom measured. As part of a nutrient cycling study, fine root dynamics were studied for two years at Huntington Forest in the Adirondack Mountain region of New York, USA. Root growth phenology was characterized using field rhizotrons, three methods were used to estimate fine root production, two methods were used to estimate fine root mortality, and decomposition was estimated using the buried bag technique. During both 1986 and 1987, fine root elongation began in early April, peaked during July and August, and nearly ceased by mid-October. Mean fine root ( less than or equal to 3 mm diameter) biomass in the surface 28-cm was 2.5 t ha super(-1) and necromass was 2.9 t ha super(-1). Annual decomposition rates ranged from 17 to 30% beneath the litter and 27 to 52% at a depth of 10 cm. Depending on the method used for estimation, fine root production ranged from 2.0 to 2.9 t ha super(-1), mortality ranged from 1.8 to 3.7 t ha super(-1) yr super(-1), and decomposition was 0.9 t ha super(-1) yr super(-1). Thus, turnover ranged from 0.8 to 1.2 yr super(-1). The nutrients that cycled through fine roots annually were 4.5-6.1 kg Ca, 1.1-1.4 kg Mg, 0.3-0.4 kg K, 1.2-1.7 kg P, 20.3-27.3 kg N, and 1.8-2.4 kg S ha super(-1). Fine root turnover was less important than leaf litterfall in the cycling of Ca and Mg and was similar to leaf litterfall in the amount of N, P, K and S cycled. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Burke, M K AU - Raynal, D J AD - Southeastern Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 135 EP - 146 VL - 162 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - roots KW - hardwoods KW - phenology KW - nutrient cycles KW - production KW - growth KW - USA, New York KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16982065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Fine+root+growth+phenology%2C+production%2C+and+turnover+in+a+northern+hardwood+forest+ecosystem&rft.au=Burke%2C+M+K%3BRaynal%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New York; phenology; roots; growth; production; nutrient cycles; forests; hardwoods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of remote sensing methods to hydrology and water resources AN - 16981475; 3630400 AB - A brief review of research in remote sensing of water resources indicates that there are many positive results, and some techniques have been applied operationally. Currently, remote sensing data are being used operationally in precipitation estimates, soil moisture measurements for irrigation scheduling, snow water equivalent and snow cover extent assessments, seasonal and short term snowmelt runoff forecasts, and surface water inventories. In the next decade other operational applications are likely using remote measurements of land cover, sediment loads, erosion, groundwater, and areal inputs to hydrological models. Many research challenges remain, and significant progress is expected in areas like albedo measurements, energy budgets, and evapotranspiration estimation. The research in remote sensing and water resources also has much relevance for related studies of climate change and global habitability. JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques AU - Rango, A AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 309 EP - 320 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0262-6667, 0262-6667 KW - precipitation KW - snowmelt KW - soil water KW - water resources development KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - data acquisition KW - water management KW - Freshwater KW - evapotranspiration KW - climatic changes KW - runoff KW - water resources KW - remote sensing KW - Q2 09393:Remote geosensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16981475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.atitle=Application+of+remote+sensing+methods+to+hydrology+and+water+resources&rft.au=Rango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal%2FJournal+des+Sciences+Hydrologiques&rft.issn=02626667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; data acquisition; runoff; water management; water resources; evapotranspiration; climatic changes; remote sensing; soil water; water resources development; snowmelt; precipitation; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of natural and isotopically enriched chromium in urine by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry AN - 16981107; 3827145 AB - A method is described for the determination of chromium and its enriched stable isotopes in human urine by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. A volatile chelate is formed with trifluoroacetylacetone (TFA) and the fragment ions corresponding to Cr(TFA) sub(2) super(+) in the 356-360 m/z region are monitored. The chelate is thermally stable and exhibits no memory effects when isotope ratios change. The detection limit for the method is 0.03 ng of Cr/g, and the accuracy is verified by certified reference materials and by an independent method. The method is highly specific for chromium, due to the combined properties of the chelating agent, chromatographic column, and mass-specific detector. In addition to total chromium determinations, the method can also be used to quantitate enriched stable isotopes of chromium used as metabolic tags in tracer experiments in human nutrition studies. JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington) AU - Veillon, C AU - Patterson, KY AD - Beltsville Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent., Vitamin and Mineral Nutr. Lab., USDA, 117 Bldg. 307, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 856 EP - 860 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - chromium KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - mass spectroscopy KW - assays KW - urine KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16981107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Determination+of+natural+and+isotopically+enriched+chromium+in+urine+by+isotope+dilution+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry&rft.au=Veillon%2C+C%3BPatterson%2C+KY&rft.aulast=Veillon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - urine; assays; gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy ER - TY - CONF T1 - Shade, leaf growth and crown development of Quercus rubra, Quercus velutina, Prunus serotina and Acer rubrum seedlings AN - 16979921; 3625579 AB - The study was conducted in an open field to determine the optimum irradiance for establishment and growth of two oak species and two major associated woody species. Half-sib seedlings of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black oak (Q. velutina Lam.) were grown for two years under shade-cloth tents. Eight shade treatments (94, 70, 57, 45, 37, 27, 20 and 8% of full sunlight) with three replications each were used. Measurements were made on seedlings harvested at the end of the first and second growing seasons. In the second year, shading significantly decreased the number of leaves for all species except black cherry, but only significantly decreased leaf area in northern red oak. Shading significantly decreased average leaf size of red maple. Average leaf size of black cherry was largest in the intermediate shade treatments and decreased significantly with increased and decreased shade. Leaf weight/leaf area (mg cm super(-2)) increased significantly in a quadratic pattern with decreasing shade for all four species. Leaf area ratio (cm super(2) g super(-1)) decreased significantly with decreasing shade for all species except red maple in the first year and black oak in the second year. Total branch development increased significantly with decreasing shade in red maple and northern red oak, whereas indeterminate branches increased significantly with decreasing shade only in black cherry, and short branches increased significantly with decreasing shade only in red maple. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Gottschalk, K W Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 735 EP - 749 VL - 14 IS - 7-9 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Quercus KW - irradiance KW - leaf area KW - Acer KW - growth KW - seedlings KW - Prunus KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16979921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Shade%2C+leaf+growth+and+crown+development+of+Quercus+rubra%2C+Quercus+velutina%2C+Prunus+serotina+and+Acer+rubrum+seedlings&rft.au=Gottschalk%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Gottschalk&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7-9&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capacitance and initial time step effects on numerical solutions of Richards equation AN - 16979190; 3633890 AB - The numerical solution of the Richards equation is sensitive to the value of the specific soil moisture capacity or capacitance, C, that is used when the soil is at or near saturation. Near saturation C is zero, but a numerical solution cannot be obtained for C = 0. Therefore some small nonzero value for C must be used. The initial allowable value of C was not dependent upon saturated hydraulic conductivity, but decreased as alpha (proportional to the inverse of the air entry value of pressure head) decreased. As the value of C is decreased the initial time step for the numerical solution must be decreased to obtain convergence. In most cases the initial time step should be of the same order of magnitude as C. Larger values of C require less computer time but give inaccurate results. Attempting to use too large a time step may actually increase the required computer time because of the extra iterative solutions required to obtain convergence. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Rogers, J S AD - USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 807 EP - 813 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - computers KW - saturation KW - groundwater movement KW - drainage KW - capacity KW - algorithms KW - permeability coefficient KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16979190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Capacitance+and+initial+time+step+effects+on+numerical+solutions+of+Richards+equation&rft.au=Rogers%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; saturation; capacity; permeability coefficient; drainage; computers; groundwater movement; algorithms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - pH dependence and thermostability of lipases from cultures from the ARS culture collection AN - 16978219; 3823096 AB - Previously we used a simple, sensitive agar plate method to screen lipase activity from 1229 selected cultures including 508 bacteria, 479 yeasts, 230 actinomycetes and 12 fungi covering many genera and species. About 25% of the cultures tested were lipase-positive. These lipase-positive strains were further classified as good, moderate or weak enzyme producers. We have expanded our screening method to focus specifically on the pH dependence and thermostability of these lipase activities. The lipases exhibited various pH sensitivities and were divided into three groups: (i) lipases which are active at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.5-produced by 36 bacteria, 23 yeasts and four actinomycetes; (ii) lipases which are active at pH 7.5 but not at pH 5.5-produced by 17 bacteria, four yeasts, two actinomycetes and one fungus; and (iii) lipases which are active at both pH 5.5 and pH 7.5-produced by 112 bacteria, 90 yeasts, 15 actinomycetes and five fungi. By screening at 60 degree C and pH 9.0, we further identified 50 bacteria and 26 yeasts that produce thermostable alkali-tolerant lipases. Product analyses confirmed our screening results. Lipases with specific pH dependency and thermostability have potential to be developed into industrial enzymes. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS/USDA, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 242 EP - 248 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - triacylglycerol lipase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - thermal stability KW - culture collections KW - pH KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16978219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=pH+dependence+and+thermostability+of+lipases+from+cultures+from+the+ARS+culture+collection&rft.au=Hou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Ching&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pH; thermal stability; culture collections ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation tillage and traffic effects on soil condition AN - 16975713; 3633895 AB - The soil condition resulting from a five-year cotton-wheat double cropping experiment in a sandy loam Coastal Plain soil was investigated using intensive measurements of cone index and dry bulk density. Four tillage treatments including a strip-till (no surface tillage with in-row subsoiling) conservation tillage practice were analyzed. The traffic was controlled in the experimental plots with the USDA-ARS Wide-Frame Tractive Vehicle. Besides the environmental benefits of maintaining the surface residue, the strip-till treatment decreased cone index directly beneath the row, decreased surface bulk density, increased surface moisture content, decreased energy usage, and increased yields. Controlled traffic was beneficial only when in-row subsoiling was not used as an annual tillage treatment. Although differences in soil condition were seen beneath the row middles where traffic occurred, this did not affect the soil condition directly beneath the row. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Raper, R L AU - Reeves, D W AU - Burt, E C AU - Torbert, HA AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Dyn. Lab., Auburn, AL 36831, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 763 EP - 770 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - compaction KW - loam KW - soil properties KW - agriculture KW - crops KW - soil conservation KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16975713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Conservation+tillage+and+traffic+effects+on+soil+condition&rft.au=Raper%2C+R+L%3BReeves%2C+D+W%3BBurt%2C+E+C%3BTorbert%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Raper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - loam; soil conservation; soil properties; crops; agriculture; compaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies that differentiate between potato and tomato glycoalkaloids and aglycons AN - 16974460; 3809509 AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that bind the potentially toxic glycoalkaloids and the corresponding aglycons found in potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) has been developed. Most of these Mabs differentially bind solanidine versus the potato glycosides alpha -solanine and alpha -chaconine. Some bind solanidine, alpha -solanine, and alpha -chaconine with nearly equal affinity. Others bind only solanidine, and one binds the tomato glycoside alpha -tomatine and the corresponding aglycon, tomatidine. Fifty percent inhibition of control values in a competition ELISA ranged from 2.5 to 1000 ppb. Specificity and cross-reactivity are discussed in relation to three-dimensional, computer-generated molecular models of selected alkaloids. Results of analyses of potato samples by both the ELISA and an HPLC method are given and discussed. The data suggest that these antibodies provide a basis to develop sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive immunoassays for these alkaloids in plants, processed foods, and body fluids and tissues. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Stanker, L H AU - Kamps-Holtzapple, C AU - Friedman, M AD - Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., ARS/USDA, Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845-9594, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2360 EP - 2366 VL - 42 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - aglycons KW - glycoalkaloids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16974460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Development+and+characterization+of+monoclonal+antibodies+that+differentiate+between+potato+and+tomato+glycoalkaloids+and+aglycons&rft.au=Stanker%2C+L+H%3BKamps-Holtzapple%2C+C%3BFriedman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Stanker&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - monoclonal antibodies; Lycopersicon esculentum; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A night-lighting technique for capturing cormorants AN - 16973499; 3630676 AB - A night-lighting technique was developed, using a modified jon-boat, for capturing wintering Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) that roost in cypress trees surrounded by water. During November-March of 1990-1993, 115 cormorants were captured. In 1993, 33 cormorants were captured at the rate of 2.5 cormorants per hour of effort. The approximate cost of the fully equipped capture boat was $4000 (US). Only one bird was slightly injured from night-lighting and it is concluded that this is a safe and cost-effective way to capture wintering cormorants in the Delta region of Mississippi. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - King, D T AU - Andrews, K J AU - King, JO AU - Flynt, R D AU - Glahn, J F AU - Cummings, J L AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Mississippi Res. Stn., P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762-6099, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 254 EP - 257 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - aquatic birds KW - cost-benefit analysis KW - lighting systems KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - winter KW - catching methods KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25866:Birds KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - O 1090:Instruments/Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16973499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=A+night-lighting+technique+for+capturing+cormorants&rft.au=King%2C+D+T%3BAndrews%2C+K+J%3BKing%2C+JO%3BFlynt%2C+R+D%3BGlahn%2C+J+F%3BCummings%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; lighting systems; winter; catching methods; cost-benefit analysis; Phalacrocorax auritus; USA, Mississippi; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiating bottomland tree species with multispectral videography AN - 16971343; 3621827 AB - Large-scale multispectral, multitemporal aerial video images were evaluated for speciation of bald-cypress and several species of bottomland hardwoods. Images were acquired with a multispectral video system, including three bandpass filters centered at 550, 800, and 1000 nm, from an altitude of 305 m. The ground-level dimension of the video image pixels was 0.329 m. Images were statistically analyzed with two supervised classification methods (minimum distance and maximum likelihood). The minimum-distance classifier yielded statistically similar results to the maximum likelihood classifier while requiring much less time. Multitemporal imagery increased classification accuracies on the order of 10 percent. Average classification accuracy for individual trees on all plots was 70 percent. JF - Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing AU - Thomasson, JA AU - Bennett, C W AU - Jackson, B D AU - Mailander, M P AD - U.S. Cotton Ginning Lab., ARS-USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776-0256, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 55 EP - 60 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0099-1112, 0099-1112 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - wetlands KW - classification KW - USA, Louisiana KW - trees KW - remote sensing KW - D 04200:Wetlands KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16971343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Differentiating+bottomland+tree+species+with+multispectral+videography&rft.au=Thomasson%2C+JA%3BBennett%2C+C+W%3BJackson%2C+B+D%3BMailander%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Thomasson&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=00991112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Louisiana; remote sensing; wetlands; classification; trees ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased nodulation of soybean by a strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with altered tryptophan metabolism AN - 16971001; 3625800 AB - A strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum was isolated that accumulated anthranilic acid, indole, 3-indoleacetic acid, 3-indolelactic acid and 3-indolepyruvic acid in culture. Such accumulations are indicative of altered tryptophan metabolism. Soybean plants inoculated with these bacteria formed more nodules (349 vs 159 per plant) and had more nodule mass (3.9 vs 2.2g wet wt per plant) than plants inoculated with the wild-type strain. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Hunter, W J AD - USDA-ARS, PO Box E, Ft. Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 340 EP - 342 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - symbiosis KW - nodulation KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - Glycine max KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16971001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Increased+nodulation+of+soybean+by+a+strain+of+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum+with+altered+tryptophan+metabolism&rft.au=Hunter%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Glycine max; nodulation; symbiosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of immune responses in Balb/c mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase synthetic peptide vaccine AN - 16969237; 3623916 AB - Three peptides, peptide 1 (GGDNYSDKPEPLGG), peptide 2 (LAEIKQRSLMVHGG) and peptide 3 (GGAPGEKDGKIVPAG), were synthesized based on the amino acid sequence of Brucella abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. These peptides were selected on the basis of their predicted hydrophilicity, flexibility and antigenicity profiles. The three peptides, singly or in combination, with or without the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A were administered to Balb/c mice as vaccines for brucellosis. The protective and immune responses induced by the peptide vaccines after challenge exposure to virulent B. abortus strain 2308 were compared to those obtained with salt-extractable proteins (BCSP) vaccine prepared from B. abortus strain 19, recombinant B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (rSOD) vaccine and non-vaccinated mice. Mice vaccinated with 30 mu g of peptide 3 plus 50 mu g monophosphoryl lipid A afforded two logs of protection (reduction in log sub(10) colony-forming units compared with control mice) and one log of protection when given without monophosphoryl lipid A, whereas 5 mu g of the salt-extractable proteins afforded three logs of protection. The rSOD and peptides 1 and 2 given with or without monophosphoryl lipid A afforded no protection. Superoxide dismutase-specific IgG antibody was present in postchallenge sera only if BCSP was present in the vaccine. Peptide-specific IgG antibodies were present in postchallenge sera of mice, and antibody concentrations were generally enhanced when monophosphoryl lipid A was included in the vaccine. The overall results with the peptide vaccines suggest that peptide 3 probably contains a specific sequence preferentially recognized by the cellular immune system leading to modulation of immune response mechanisms responsible for decreasing splenic infection. JF - Vaccine AU - Tabatabai, L B AU - Pugh, GW Jr AD - USDA, ARS, MWA, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., PO Box 70, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 919 EP - 924 VL - 12 IS - 10 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Balb/c KW - mice KW - superoxide dismutase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - Brucella abortus KW - peptides KW - immune response KW - antigens KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16969237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+immune+responses+in+Balb%2Fc+mice+vaccinated+with+Brucella+abortus+Cu-Zn+superoxide+dismutase+synthetic+peptide+vaccine&rft.au=Tabatabai%2C+L+B%3BPugh%2C+GW+Jr&rft.aulast=Tabatabai&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; peptides; immune response; antigens; Brucella abortus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tenacity of nesting Red-cockaded Woodpeckers after felling of the cavity tree AN - 16969177; 3623873 AB - The tenacious behavior of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) towards their cavity trees is well documented. A nestling Red-cockaded Woodpecker was observed to survive the felling of its cavity tree. The nestling subsequently fledged from the downed cavity. This observation suggests some Red-cockaded Woodpeckers will continue nesting efforts after a severe disturbance. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Watson, J C AU - Taylor, W E AU - Young, J H AD - USDA For. Serv., Francis Marion Natl. Forest, HC 69, Box 1532, Moncks Corner, SC 29461, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 221 EP - 223 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - disturbance KW - endangered species KW - Picidae KW - Picoides borealis KW - breeding sites KW - USA, South Carolina KW - site fidelity KW - nesting behavior KW - breeding success KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16969177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Tenacity+of+nesting+Red-cockaded+Woodpeckers+after+felling+of+the+cavity+tree&rft.au=Watson%2C+J+C%3BTaylor%2C+W+E%3BYoung%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; Picidae; USA, South Carolina; nesting behavior; breeding success; disturbance; endangered species; site fidelity; breeding sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Puccinia recondita and P. graminis urediniospores as affected by exposure to weather conditions at one meter AN - 16966533; 3619945 AB - Viable urediniospores and dormant mycelia are the principal inoculum sources that contribute to the establishment and development of destructive wheat rust epidemics in the central Great Plains of the United States. Inoculum survival was measured by exposing urediniospores of Puccinia recondita and P. graminis to field conditions occurring at 1 m above ground level throughout two crop years. Four phases (summer, fall, winter, and spring) important in survival of urediniospores as potential inoculum in epidemic development were used in data analysis. Survival of P. recondita and P. graminis urediniospores during wheat dormancy (winter) was reduced to 10-11 and 17-21%, respectively, within 24 h. Only 2% of P. recondita and 3% of P. graminis urediniospores survived 72 h of subfreezing temperatures, and no spores germinated after 96 h. Survival of inoculum exposed in the field during wheat green-up (spring), with daily temperatures of 18 to -4 C, was measured at 10-20% after 120 h. Trace amounts of P. recondita urediniospores remained viable for 336 h and less than 1% of P. graminis urediniospores survived for up to 456 h. During the harvest period (summer), when maximum temperatures were above 30 C and minimum temperatures were above 10 C, at least 60% of urediniospores of both species survived for 120 h, and trace amounts of germination were observed for up to 456 h. During the period of wheat-stand establishment (fall), over 50% of the urediniospores exposed in the field remained viable for 120 h, with trace amounts of survival for 456 h. Survival of urediniospores exposed to below 0 C at 1 m above ground level was not significantly different at 2,300 versus 335 m above sea level. No significant differences in survival occurred among isolates of either P. recondita or P. graminis when exposed to extended subfreezing temperatures during wheat dormancy. However, differences among isolates were observed at 72 h with extended exposure to temperatures above 0 C. JF - Phytopathology AU - Eversmeyer, M G AU - Kramer, CL AD - ARS-USDA, Dep. Plant Pathol., Div. Biol., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 332 EP - 335 VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Puccinia recondita KW - urediniospores KW - Puccinia graminis KW - Triticum aestivum KW - cold KW - weather KW - rust KW - survival KW - germination KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16966533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Puccinia+recondita+and+P.+graminis+urediniospores+as+affected+by+exposure+to+weather+conditions+at+one+meter&rft.au=Eversmeyer%2C+M+G%3BKramer%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Eversmeyer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia recondita; Puccinia graminis; Triticum aestivum; urediniospores; weather; survival; rust; germination; cold ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Salmonella enteritidis cecal and organ colonization in leghorn chicks by a defined culture of cecal bacteria and dietary lactose AN - 16966144; 3621372 AB - The effect of oral inoculation with a defined culture of cecal bacteria and provision of dietary lactose on colonization resistance to invasive Salmonella enteritidis was evaluated in leghorn chicks. A defined mixed culture composed of 11 indigenous cecal bacteria capable of utilizing lactose or lactose fermentation products as a primary carbon source was isolated and maintained in continuous-flow culture. Combine treatment with the defined culture and dietary lactose significantly decreased the number of Salmonella in the cecal contents and the number of Salmonella cecal-culture-positive chicks in four replicated trials. Additionally, Salmonella colonization in the spleen, liver, and cecal tonsils was significantly decreased in each of the trials. The results indicate that the resistance of leghorn chicks to S. enteritidis cecal and organ colonization is effectively increased by inoculation with a defined culture of cecal bacteria and provision of lactose in the diet. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Corrier, DE AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Scanlan, C M AU - Tellez, G AU - Hargis, B M AU - Deloach, J R AD - ARS-USDA, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 377 EP - 381 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - cecal bacteria KW - lactose KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - inhibition KW - colonization KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16966144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+cecal+and+organ+colonization+in+leghorn+chicks+by+a+defined+culture+of+cecal+bacteria+and+dietary+lactose&rft.au=Corrier%2C+DE%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BScanlan%2C+C+M%3BTellez%2C+G%3BHargis%2C+B+M%3BDeloach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Corrier&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; inhibition; colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of washing on polyphenols and poly-phenol oxidase in commercial mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) AN - 16965949; 3809504 AB - To explain differences in browning of skin tissue between unwashed and washed mushrooms, changes in soluble phenols, major substrates of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and PPO isozymes during washing, as well as effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on phenolic compounds in mushrooms were investigated. About 15% of the soluble phenols from the skin of mushrooms, mostly gamma -L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene (GHB) and gamma -L-glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB), were leached out during washing. Among four isozymes of partially purified PPO separated by native electrophoresis, the two faster migrating forms were leached out during washing. Phenolic compounds extracted from skin tissue were readily oxidized and degraded by 0.01% sodium hypochlorite. In a model system, NaOCl oxidized L-DOPA to a quinone, which turned black-brown, and degraded GHB and GDHB to unknown compounds. Darkening of washed mushrooms may be due to the reaction of a quinone derived from oxidation of L-DOPA or its derivatives by NaOCl. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Choi, Sang W AU - Sapers, G M AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2286 EP - 2290 VL - 42 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - polyphenols KW - polyphenol oxidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - mushroom culture KW - Agaricus bisporus KW - washing KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16965949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+washing+on+polyphenols+and+poly-phenol+oxidase+in+commercial+mushrooms+%28Agaricus+bisporus%29&rft.au=Choi%2C+Sang+W%3BSapers%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Sang&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agaricus bisporus; washing; mushroom culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Snag condition and woodpecker foraging ecology in a bottomland hardwood forest AN - 16963650; 3623887 AB - We studied woodpecker foraging behavior, snag quality, and surrounding habitat in a bottomland hardwood forest in the Stephen F. Austin Experimental Forest from December 1984 through November 1986. The amount and location of woodpecker foraging excavations indicated that woodpeckers excavated mainly at the well-decayed tops and bases of snags. Woodpeckers preferred to forage on oaks (Quercus spp.) (snags and live trees) whereas blue beech (Carpinus caroliniana) and red maple (Acer rubrum) were used less than expected. Snags used for foraging excavations were generally 3-10 m in height, mainly located in older stands, and lacked bark at excavated foraging sites. In the bottomland habitat, Downy Woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens) foraged on smaller diameter substrates and used more tree species than other woodpecker species. Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) foraged either near the ground or in the upper zones of trees. Red-bellied Woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) used a restricted range of tree diameters and locations in trees. Red-headed Woodpeckers (M. erythrocephalus) used the greatest diversity of foraging methods and foraged on the largest range of tree diameters. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Jones, S D AU - Jones, G D AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silvic. Lab., Southern Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 242 EP - 257 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - foraging behavior KW - Picidae KW - habitat preferences KW - riparian environments KW - USA, Texas KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16963650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Snag+condition+and+woodpecker+foraging+ecology+in+a+bottomland+hardwood+forest&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BJones%2C+S+D%3BJones%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picidae; USA, Texas; foraging behavior; forests; riparian environments; habitat preferences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sculptured seeding: An ecological approach to revegetation AN - 16963007; 3615358 AB - The sculptured seeding technique, an ecological approach to revegetation based on a knowledge and understanding of the natural vegetation of an area, establishes a diverse, effective native plant community capable of regeneration and plant succession. It is intended to match site capability with plant species known to thrive under particular conditions. Sculptured seeding is an option available to land managers interested in establishing and maintaining adapted native species and ecotypes within the limits of current technology and available seed sources. JF - Restoration & Management Notes AU - Jacobson, E T AU - Wark, D B AU - Arnott, R G AU - Haas, R J AU - Tober, DA AD - USDA-Soil Conserv. Serv., Midwest Natl. Tech. Cent., Fed. Build., Rm. 152, 100 Centennial Mall North, Lincoln, NE 68508-3866, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 46 EP - 50 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0733-0707, 0733-0707 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - indigenous species KW - grasses KW - prairies KW - environmental restoration KW - methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16963007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.atitle=Sculptured+seeding%3A+An+ecological+approach+to+revegetation&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+E+T%3BWark%2C+D+B%3BArnott%2C+R+G%3BHaas%2C+R+J%3BTober%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.issn=07330707&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - methodology; environmental restoration; grasses; indigenous species; prairies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antifungal activity of natural compounds against thiabendazole-resistant Fusarium sambucinum strains AN - 16962603; 3616000 AB - Several natural compounds that had been previously identified as effective potato sprout inhibitors were examined for antifungal activity against three thiabendazole (TBZ)-resistant strains and a TBZ-sensitive (wild-type) strain of Fusarium sambucinum. Salicylaldehyde was the most inhibitory compound of those tested when applied as a volatile and completely inhibited fungal growth at headspace gas levels of 20 mu g/mL or lower. Cinnamaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, and thymol prevented all growth when incorporated in media at 0.1% (v/v) levels. TBZ-resistant strains were only partially inhibited by TBZ concentrations that completely inhibited the wild-type strain. Treatment of tubers with compounds after wounding and inoculation with fungal spores was generally ineffective in suppressing dry rot, possibly due to lack of direct contact between the fungi and the compounds. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Spencer, G F AD - Bioactive Const. Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 200 EP - 203 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - salicylaldehyde KW - cinnamaldehyde KW - thymol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium sambucinum KW - antifungal agents KW - antifungal activity KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16962603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Antifungal+activity+of+natural+compounds+against+thiabendazole-resistant+Fusarium+sambucinum+strains&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+S+F%3BSpencer%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium sambucinum; antifungal activity; antifungal agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance study of the osmoregulation of phosphocholine-substituted beta -1,3; 1,6 cyclic glucan and its associated carbon metabolism in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 AN - 16962272; 3620628 AB - A phosphocholine-substituted beta -1,3; 1,6 cyclic glucan (PCCG), an unusual cyclic oligosaccharide, has been isolated from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110. Data presented here suggest that PCCG synthesis is dependent on the carbon metabolism and that osmotic regulation of its biosynthesis parallels regulation of membrane-derived oligosaccharide biosynthesis observed in Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Growth of B. japonicum USDA 110 cells in the reference medium at relatively low osmotic pressures (LO) (65 mosmol/kg of H sub(2)0) caused a large accumulation of PCCG and unsubstituted beta -1,3; 1,6 cyclic glucans (CG). Sucrose and polyethylene glycol, nonionic osmotica, reduce all growth rates and inhibit almost completely the production of PCCG at high osmotic pressures (HO) above 650 and 400 mosmol/kg of H sub(2)O), respectively. The production of PCCG/CG in response to hypoosmotic shocking of stationary-phase cells was found to be directly linked to the interconversion of stored glycogen. Hyperosmotic shocking of LO-grown stationary-phase cells with sucrose had no effect on the content of previously synthesized CG/PCCG. The PCCG/CG content and its osmotically induced biosynthesis are discussed in terms of carbon metabolism and a possible role in hypoosmotic adaptation in B. japonicum USDA 110. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Pfeffer, P E AU - Becard, G AU - Rolin, D B AU - Uknalis, J AU - Cooke, P AU - Tu, Shu-i AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2137 EP - 2146 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - carbon KW - 1,3 cyclic glucan KW - 1,6 cyclic glucan KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - osmoregulation KW - metabolism KW - N.M.R. KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16962272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=In+vivo+nuclear+magnetic+resonance+study+of+the+osmoregulation+of+phosphocholine-substituted+beta+-1%2C3%3B+1%2C6+cyclic+glucan+and+its+associated+carbon+metabolism+in+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum+USDA+110&rft.au=Pfeffer%2C+P+E%3BBecard%2C+G%3BRolin%2C+D+B%3BUknalis%2C+J%3BCooke%2C+P%3BTu%2C+Shu-i&rft.aulast=Pfeffer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium japonicum; metabolism; osmoregulation; N.M.R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - General stochastic unit hydrograph AN - 16961500; 3624339 AB - Unit hydrographs for a gaged site can be determined from observed events. If several events are used for the derivation, several unit hydrographs result. An averaging procedure must be used to achieve a single representative unit hydrograph. The variability is due to inherent uncertainty in the rainfall processes and to inadequacies in the basic model. It is appropriate to consider the unit hydrograph itself a random function. This paper develops a stochastic expression for the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) based upon the Nash cascade. This conceptual model holds the number of reservoirs constant, while treating the reservoir constant as a random variable. Records of 24 storm events, observed on a 12.2-km super(2) watershed located in north central Missouri, were studied. The results of the study indicate that the stochastic model can be used to estimate the hydrograph. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Hjelmfelt, A AU - Wang, M AD - USDA-ARS, Agr. Eng. Bldg., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 138 EP - 148 VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - reservoirs KW - stochastic hydrology KW - rainfall KW - gaging stations KW - unit hydrographs KW - USA, Missouri KW - watersheds KW - storms KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16961500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=General+stochastic+unit+hydrograph&rft.au=Hjelmfelt%2C+A%3BWang%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hjelmfelt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - unit hydrographs; gaging stations; model studies; rainfall; storms; reservoirs; stochastic hydrology; watersheds; USA, Missouri ER - TY - CONF T1 - Use of provenance tests to predict response to climatic change: Loblolly pine and Norway spruce AN - 16961462; 3618834 AB - Provenance tests are often used to determine genetic responses of seed sources to transfer to different climates. This study was undertaken to determine whether provenance tests can be used to predict tree response to rapid climate changes in situ. Data from provenance tests of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) and other southern pines (subsect, AUSTRALES Loud.) were interpreted using regression models to relate growth to temperature variables. Results of different plantings were combined by expressing growth as a percent deviation from the "local" source, and expressing temperature at the source as a deviation from that of the planting site. The results of the loblolly pine and Norway spruce models predicted a loss of about 5 to 10% in height growth below that expected for a genetically adapted seed source, if the average yearly temperature increases by 4 degree C. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Schmidtling, R Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 805 EP - 817 VL - 14 IS - 7-9 KW - geographical variations KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pinus taeda KW - Picea abies KW - growth KW - climatic changes KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16961462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+provenance+tests+to+predict+response+to+climatic+change%3A+Loblolly+pine+and+Norway+spruce&rft.au=Schmidtling%2C+R&rft.aulast=Schmidtling&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7-9&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - alpha -Tomatine determination in tomatoes by HPLC using pulsed amperometric detection AN - 16961392; 3809512 AB - As part of a program to control the biosynthesis of glycoalkaloids, we used an improved HPLC method with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) to measure the alpha -tomatine content of store-bought and field-grown, including transgenic, red, and green tomatoes. The HPLC method responded linearly to alpha -tomatine in the range 0.125-12.5 mu g, suggesting a lower limit of detection of about 125 ng of alkaloid. Recoveries from tomato extracts spiked with alpha -tomatine ranged from 97 to 107%. alpha -Tomatine and a new glycoalkaloid tentatively identified as dehydrotomatine, whose molecular mass determined by mass spectrometry is 2 Da less than that of alpha -tomatine, separated well on the HPLC column. The ratio of alpha -tomatine to dehydrotomatine in commercially available standards was approximately 10:1. The alpha -tomatine content of ripe red tomatoes ranged from 0.03 to 0.6 mg/100 g of fresh weight. The corresponding values for unripe green tomatoes ranged from 4 to 17 mg/100 g of fresh weight. These results show that the ratio of alpha -tomatine content for the highest concentration in green tomatoes to the lowest value in red tomatoes is more than 500. The difference in alpha -tomatine content of transgenic and nontransgenic tomatoes, at the same level of ripeness, was negligible. Possible applications of the HPLC-PAD method are discussed. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Friedman, M AU - Levin, CE AU - McDonald, G M AD - Food Saf. and Health Res. Unit, West. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1959 EP - 1964 VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - alpha -tomatine KW - glycoalkaloids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - assays KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16961392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=alpha+-Tomatine+determination+in+tomatoes+by+HPLC+using+pulsed+amperometric+detection&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M%3BLevin%2C+CE%3BMcDonald%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - high-performance liquid chromatography; assays; Lycopersicon esculentum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics and pattern of a managed coniferous forest landscape in Oregon AN - 16961155; 3615348 AB - We examined the process of fragmentation in a managed forest landscape by comparing rates and patterns of disturbance (primarily clear-cutting) and regrowth between 1972 and 1988 using Landsat imagery. A 2589-km super(2) managed forest landscape in western Oregon was classified into two forest types, closed-canopy conifer forest (CF) (typically, >60% conifer cover) and other forest and nonforest types (OT) (typically, 914 m) maintained a greater percentage of CF than lower elevations (<914 m). The percentage of the area at the edge of the two cover types increased on all ownerships and in both elevational zones, whereas the amount of interior habitat (defined as CF at least 100 m from OT) decreased on all ownerships and elevational zones. By 1988 public lands contained ) 45% interior habitat while private lands had 12% interior habitat. Mean interior patch area declined from 160 to 62 ha. The annual rate of disturbance (primarily clear-cutting) for the entire area including the wilderness was 1.19%, which corresponds to a cutting rotation of 84 yr. The forest landscape was not in a steady state or regulated condition which is not projected to occur for at least 40 yr under current forest plans. Variability in cutting rates within ownerships was higher on private land than on nonreserve public land. However, despite the use of dispersed cutting patterns on public land, spatial patterns of cutting and remnant forest patches were nonuniform across the entire public ownership. Large remaining patches (<5000 ha) of contiguous interior forest were restricted to public lands designated for uses other than timber production such as wilderness areas and research natural areas. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Spies, T A AU - Ripple, W J AU - Bradshaw, G A AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 555 EP - 568 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forest management KW - landscape KW - USA, Oregon KW - habitat fragmentation KW - conifers KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16961155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Dynamics+and+pattern+of+a+managed+coniferous+forest+landscape+in+Oregon&rft.au=Spies%2C+T+A%3BRipple%2C+W+J%3BBradshaw%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Spies&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Oregon; forest management; landscape; conifers; habitat fragmentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing agricultural phosphorus for protection of surface waters: Issues and options AN - 16960675; 3619687 AB - The accelerated eutrophication of most freshwaters is limited by P inputs, Nonpoint sources of P in agricultural runoff now contribute a greater portion of freshwater inputs, due to easier identification and recent control of point sources. Although P management is an integral part of profitable agrisystems, continued inputs of fertilizer and manure P in excess of crop requirements have led to a build-up of soil P levels, which are of environmental rather than agronomic concern, particularly in areas of intensive crop and livestock production. Thus, the main issues facing the establishment of economically and environmentally sound P management systems are the identification of soil P levels that are of environmental concern; targeting specific controls for different water quality objectives within watersheds; and balancing economic with environmental values. In developing effective options, we have brought together agricultural and limnological expertise to prioritize watershed management practices and remedial strategies to mitigate nonpoint-source impacts of agricultural P. Options include runoff and erosion control and P-source management, based on eutrophic rather than agronomic considerations. Current soil test P methods may screen soils on which the aquatic bioavailability of P should be estimated. Landowner options to more efficiently utilize manure P include basing application rates on soil vulnerability to P loss in runoff, manure analysis, and programs encouraging manure movement to a greater hectareage. Targeting source areas may be achieved by use of indices to rank soil vulnerability to P loss in runoff and lake sensitivity to P inputs. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Chapra, S C AU - Wedepohl, R AU - Sims, J T AU - Daniel, T C AU - Reddy, K R AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Agric. Water Qual. Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702-1430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 437 EP - 451 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - agricultural chemicals KW - economic analysis KW - economic aspects KW - environmental management KW - nonpoint pollution KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - pollution control KW - soil organic matter KW - water pollution control KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - biogeochemistry KW - manure KW - agricultural runoff KW - water pollution KW - surface water KW - phosphorus KW - eutrophication KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Managing+agricultural+phosphorus+for+protection+of+surface+waters%3A+Issues+and+options&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BChapra%2C+S+C%3BWedepohl%2C+R%3BSims%2C+J+T%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BReddy%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - manure; biogeochemistry; agricultural runoff; surface water; eutrophication; phosphorus; water pollution; economic analysis; pollution control; water pollution control; nonpoint pollution; agricultural chemicals; nonpoint pollution sources; soil organic matter; economic aspects ER - TY - CONF T1 - Changes in gas exchange characteristics during the life span of giant sequoia: Implications for response to current and future concentrations of atmospheric ozone AN - 16960188; 3618480 AB - Native stands of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum Bucholz) are being exposed to relatively high concentrations of atmospheric ozone produced in urban and agricultural areas upwind. The expected change in environmental conditions over the next 100 years is likely to be unprecedented in the life span (about 2,500 years) of giant sequoia. We determined changes in physiological responses of three age classes of giant sequoia (current-year, 12-, and 125-year-old) to differing concentrations of ozone, and assessed age-related differences in sensitivity to pollutants by examining physiological changes (gas exchange, water use efficiency) across the life span of giant sequoia (current-year, 2-, 5-, 20-, 125-, and > 2,000-year-old trees). The CO sub(2) exchange rate (CER) was greater in current-year (12.1 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1)) and 2-year-old seedlings (4.8 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1)) than in all older trees (3.0 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1), averaged across the four older age classes). Dark respiration was highest for current-year seedlings (-6.5 plus or minus 0.7 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1)) and was increased twofold in symptomatic individuals exposed to elevated ozone concentrations. Stomatal conductance (g sub(s)) was greater in current year (355 mmol H sub(2)O m super(-2) s super(-1)) and 2-year-old seedlings (200 mmol H sub(2)O m super(-2) s super(-1)) than in all older trees (50 mmol H sub(2)O m super(-2) s super(-1)), indicating that the ozone concentration in substomatal cavities is higher in young seedlings than in trees. Significant changes in water use efficiency, as indicated by C sub(i)/C sub(a), occurred in trees between ages 5 and 20 years. We conclude that giant sequoias seedlings are sensitive to atmospheric ozone until they are about 5 years old. Low conductance, high water use efficiency, and compact mesophyll all contribute to a natural ozone tolerance, or defense, or both, in foliage of older trees. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Grulke, N E AU - Miller, PR Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 659 EP - 668 VL - 14 IS - 7-9 KW - gas exchange KW - ozone KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Sequoiadendron giganteum KW - pollution tolerance KW - air pollution KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+gas+exchange+characteristics+during+the+life+span+of+giant+sequoia%3A+Implications+for+response+to+current+and+future+concentrations+of+atmospheric+ozone&rft.au=Grulke%2C+N+E%3BMiller%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Grulke&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7-9&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of lignocellulose in Bermuda grass by white rot fungi analyzed by solid-state super(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance AN - 16960138; 3625838 AB - Following the solid-state fermentation of Bermuda grass by two lignin-degrading white rot fungi, compositional changes have been observed in situ by utilization of cross-polarization and magic angle spinning super(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance difference spectra and interrupted decoupling spectra. Intensity differences in the super(13)C resonances assigned to specific components of the cell wall were used to observe these changes. Bermuda grass treated with Phanerochaete chrysosporium K-3 exhibited losses primarily in the polysaccharide components, with a smaller proportion of phenolic components also being degraded. In contrast, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora FP 90031-sp removed a proportionate amount of phenolic components compared with polysaccharide components. The results also indicated that C. subvermispora preferentially removes guaiacyl phenolic components relative to syringyl phenolic components, while P. chrysosporium was nonspecific in its attack on phenolic components. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Gamble, G R AU - Sethuraman, A AU - Akin, DE AU - Eriksson, K-EL AD - Russell Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3138 EP - 3144 VL - 60 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cellulose KW - lignocellulose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - biodegradation KW - Ceriporiopsis subvermispora KW - fungi KW - N.M.R. KW - white rot KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+lignocellulose+in+Bermuda+grass+by+white+rot+fungi+analyzed+by+solid-state+super%2813%29C+nuclear+magnetic+resonance&rft.au=Gamble%2C+G+R%3BSethuraman%2C+A%3BAkin%2C+DE%3BEriksson%2C+K-EL&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; fungi; N.M.R.; white rot; Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Ceriporiopsis subvermispora ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preharvest furrow and drip irrigation schedule effects on postharvest muskmelon quality AN - 16959925; 3623979 AB - A two-year study was conducted on the effects of furrow or drip irrigation applied 1, 2 or 4 days prior to harvest (following all plots having been watered 8 days prior to harvest) on the postharvest quality of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) fruits cv. Magnum 45. Fruit firmness was not affected by irrigation method or application time. Regardless of irrigation method, water applied at 4 days prior to harvest produced fruit with significantly lower soluble solids concentration SSC (10.8% vs. 12.2%) greater volume (1684 vs. 1508 cm super(3)) and greater moisture content (88.5% vs. 87.4%) compared to no watering after 8 days prior to harvest. No consistent differences were found with fruit SSC, volume moisture content or taste of fruits from plots where water was applied 1 or 2 days prior to harvest compared to fruits receiving no water after 8 days. Significantly lower sweetness and overall preference ratings were found for fruit from plots drip-irrigated 4 days prior to harvest compared to those that received no water after 8 days. In contrast, only sensory ratings of fruits from furrow-irrigated plots might indicate that watering 1 and 2 days prior to harvest may be as detrimental to quality as water applied at 4 days prior to harvest. JF - Postharvest Biology and Technology AU - Lester, GE AU - Oebker, N F AU - Coons, J AD - USDA-ARS, Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., 2301 S. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 57 EP - 63 VL - 4 IS - 1-2 SN - 0925-5214, 0925-5214 KW - harvesting KW - frequency KW - effects on KW - food quality KW - muskmelon KW - Cucumis melo reticulatus KW - irrigation programs KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - agriculture KW - irrigation KW - crops KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - R 18121:Flavor & aroma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16959925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Preharvest+furrow+and+drip+irrigation+schedule+effects+on+postharvest+muskmelon+quality&rft.au=Lester%2C+GE%3BOebker%2C+N+F%3BCoons%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.issn=09255214&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cucumis melo reticulatus; agricultural practices; irrigation; agriculture; irrigation programs; crops; harvesting; frequency; food quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of agricultural drainage well closure on crop production: A watershed case study AN - 16958941; 3618390 AB - Much of north-central Iowa is characterized by flat topography, shallow depressions, and poor natural surface drainage. Land drainage systems comprising of tile drains and agricultural drainage wells (ADWs) are used as outlets for subsurface drainage of cropland under corn and soybean production. Studies have shown that these drainage systems, mainly the ADWs, are potential routes for agricultural chemicals to underground aquifers. To protect the region's vital groundwater resource, researchers are evaluating alternative outlets ranging from complete closure of existing ADWs (and creation of wetlands) to continued use of ADWs and chemical management in a comprehensive policy framework. This paper presents the results of a study designed to provide government jurisdictions, farmers, and land managers information for assessing the impact of closing ADWs on crop production. The study couples a geographic information systems database for a 471-hectare watershed in Humboldt County, Iowa, with a groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) and an empirical crop yield loss model to predict long-term effects of complete closure of ADWs on crop production. The cropland areas inundated and the relative crop yield loss due to ADW closure are determined as a function of long-term climatic data. The results indicate that elimination of drainage outlets in the watershed could result in ponding of low-lying areas and poorly drained soils, making them unsuitable for crop production. Such wetness also decreases the efficiency of production in the no-ponding areas by isolating fields, and the crop yield loss can be reduced by an annual average of about 18 percent. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Tim, U S AU - Anderson, CE AU - Woestman, T AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA-ARS, 4500 Glenwood Dr., Riverside, CA 92501, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 687 EP - 704 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - MODFLOW KW - agricultural drainage KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - groundwater KW - case studies KW - subsurface drainage KW - USA, Iowa KW - water pollution sources KW - drainage wells KW - water management KW - watersheds KW - crop production KW - SW 0810:General KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+agricultural+drainage+well+closure+on+crop+production%3A+A+watershed+case+study&rft.au=Mohanty%2C+B+P%3BTim%2C+U+S%3BAnderson%2C+CE%3BWoestman%2C+T&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=687&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drainage wells; watersheds; case studies; crop production; subsurface drainage; water pollution sources; water management; groundwater; USA, Iowa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cattle serologically positive for Brucella abortus have antibodies to R. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase AN - 16958500; 3616973 AB - In this study, we demonstrated by a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay that cattle that are serologically positive for Brucella abortus have serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. The specificity of the antibody reactivity was confirmed by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with B. abortus salt-extractable proteins containing native Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and with recombinant B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. The results represent a first step in the direction of the development of a multiprotein diagnostic reagent for bovine brucellosis. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Tabatabai, L B AU - Hennager, S G AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 506 EP - 510 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - superoxide dismutase KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - antibodies KW - diagnosis KW - brucellosis KW - Brucella abortus KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Cattle+serologically+positive+for+Brucella+abortus+have+antibodies+to+R.+abortus+Cu-Zn+superoxide+dismutase&rft.au=Tabatabai%2C+L+B%3BHennager%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Tabatabai&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; antibodies; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; brucellosis; diagnosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of an antiserum to quantify Aphanomyces euteiches in resistant pea lines AN - 16958172; 3620387 AB - A polyclonal antiserum was developed that strongly reacted with antigens produced by mycelia and zoospores of Aphanomyces euteiches. The antiserum did not react with antigens produced by species of Phytophthora, Fusarium, and Phythium (except for a slight reaction with antigens produced by P. ultimum) and by Rhizoctonia solani AG-4. Resistant and susceptible pea (Pisum sativum) lines were compared for response to A. euteiches development by assaying inoculated roots using this antiserum. There was a slower buildup of A. euteiches in taproots of the resistant germ plasm lines 86-2236 and 90-2131 and PI 180693 when exposed to 100 zoospores per milliliter after 7 days. After 9 days and an inoculum level of either 100 or 1,000 zoospores per milliliter, only PI 180693 and line 90-2131 were resistant, as indicated by lower ELISA readings (A sub(405nm)). The ELISA response was linear with increasing amounts of antigen. The results showed that in resistant pea roots, growth of A. euteiches within inoculated tissues was inhibited. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kraft, J M AU - Boge, W L AD - ARS-USDA, Route 2, Box 2953A, Prosser, WA 99350-9687, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 179 EP - 183 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - Aphanomyces euteiches KW - antisera KW - Pisum sativum KW - root rot KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+antiserum+to+quantify+Aphanomyces+euteiches+in+resistant+pea+lines&rft.au=Kraft%2C+J+M%3BBoge%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; antisera; root rot; Aphanomyces euteiches; Pisum sativum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic rate of American Woodcock AN - 16958096; 3623894 AB - We measured metabolic rate of captive-reared American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) by indirect calorimetry. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) averaged 1.22 plus or minus 0.18 ml O sub(2) g super(-1)h super(-1) (N = 5). Lower critical temperature was 22 degree C. Below thermoneutrality, the relationship between metabolic rate (VO sub(2)) and ambient temperature (T sub(a)) was best described by the equation: VO sub(2) = 2.047 - 0.0375(T sub(a)), (r super(2) = 0.62, N = 29). Although BMR for American Woodcock was greater than that predicted by some generalized equations for non-passerines, it did not follow the elevated pattern for shorebirds predicted by the equation of Kersten and Piersma (1987). Lower BMR in American Woodcock may result from lower annual peaks of energy use compared to other shorebirds. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Vander Haegen, WM AU - Owen, RB Jr AU - Krohn, W B AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., 5 Godfrey Dr., Orono, ME 04473, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 338 EP - 343 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Scolopax minor KW - metabolic rate KW - calorimetry KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Metabolic+rate+of+American+Woodcock&rft.au=Vander+Haegen%2C+WM%3BOwen%2C+RB+Jr%3BKrohn%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Vander+Haegen&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scolopax minor; metabolic rate; calorimetry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historical use of bamboo/cane as blackbird and starling roosting habitat: Implications for roost management AN - 16958058; 3623882 AB - The historical use of bamboo/cane as blackbird and starling roosting habitat was analyzed from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service roost survey reports to assess the potential for shifting roosting populations away from objectionable urban sites where there may be nuisance or human health concerns. The following criteria were used to assess this potential: (1) frequent historical use by blackbirds and starlings compared with other habitat; (2) history of accommodating high bird densities on a limited area compared with other habitat; (3) history of repeated localized utilization by roosting blackbirds and starlings; (4) history of utilization over a wide geographic range; and (5) history of occupation by starlings and all major blackbird species. Of the diverse habitat historically reported to be used by wintering blackbirds and starlings for roosting, bamboo/cane uniquely appeared to meet all criteria as a widely used habitat that supports maximum densities of all primary roosting species. The possible ecological attractiveness of bamboo/cane as roosting habitat is discussed. Although the data are lacking to suggest that cane is sufficiently attractive to shift roosting behavior of blackbirds and starlings from objectionable sites, bamboo/cane is clearly a candidate for further research into this concept. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Glahn, J F AU - Flynt, R D AU - Hill, E P AD - USDA-ARS, Mississippi Res. Stn., P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MI 39762-6099, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 237 EP - 246 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - control programs KW - Icteridae KW - historical account KW - USA KW - roosts KW - Sturnus vulgaris KW - habitat utilization KW - D 04700:Management KW - Y 25886:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16958058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Historical+use+of+bamboo%2Fcane+as+blackbird+and+starling+roosting+habitat%3A+Implications+for+roost+management&rft.au=Glahn%2C+J+F%3BFlynt%2C+R+D%3BHill%2C+E+P&rft.aulast=Glahn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sturnus vulgaris; Icteridae; USA; roosts; habitat utilization; historical account; control programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why are predator urines aversive to prey? AN - 16957942; 3615367 AB - Predator odors often repel prey species. In the present experiments, we investigated whether changes in the diet of a predator, the coyote (Canis latrans) would affect the repellency of its urine. Furthermore, because predator odors have a high sulfur content, reflecting large amounts of meat in the diet, we investigated the contribution of sulfurous odors to repellency. Our results were consistent with the hypothesis that diet composition and sulfurous metabolites of meat digestion are important for the repellency of predator odors to potential prey. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Nolte, D L AU - Mason, J R AU - Epple, G AU - Aronov, E AU - Campbell, D L AD - USDA Anim. and Plant Health Inspect. Serv., Anim. Damage Contr., Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 1835 Black Lake, Blvd., Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1505 EP - 1516 VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - odors KW - mice KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - predator-prey interactions KW - Peromyscus maniculatus KW - Canis latrans KW - urine KW - Aplodontia rufa KW - Cavia porcellus KW - avoidance behavior KW - urine odors KW - prey KW - Mus musculus KW - predators KW - Y 25697:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - R 18060:Others KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16957942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Why+are+predator+urines+aversive+to+prey%3F&rft.au=Nolte%2C+D+L%3BMason%2C+J+R%3BEpple%2C+G%3BAronov%2C+E%3BCampbell%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis latrans; Aplodontia rufa; Cavia porcellus; Mus musculus; Peromyscus maniculatus; predators; avoidance behavior; prey; urine; predator-prey interactions; urine odors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing weed community seedling emergence for a semiarid site in Colorado AN - 16957386; 3615346 AB - This study characterized the emergence pattern of a weed community of 16 species between April 1 and August 31 over a 7-yr period. Weed seedlings were counted weekly in quadrats established in winter wheat stubble within no-till and conventional-till production systems. Weed emergence showed two peaks, the first between April 25 and May 9, and the second between May 30 and June 13. Tillage did not affect the weed community emergence pattern. Knowledge of weed community emergence pattern in conjunction with crop simulation models could be used to suggest cultural practices such as optimal planting dates that favor a crop over weeds, and possibly reduce herbicide use for within-crop weed control. JF - Weed Science AU - Anderson, R L AD - Res. Agron., ARS-USDA, Akron, CO 80720, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 245 EP - 249 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Colorado KW - emergence KW - weeds KW - seedlings KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16957386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Characterizing+weed+community+seedling+emergence+for+a+semiarid+site+in+Colorado&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Colorado; seedlings; weeds; emergence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of clomazone on biosynthesis of geosmin by Streptomyces tendae and Penicillium expansum AN - 16956456; 3609848 AB - Cultures of Streptomyces tendae grown on Actinomyces medium containing clomazone contained less geosmin 48 h after inoculation than untreated controls, suggesting a possible inhibition of reactions prior to sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. However, exposure to clomazone increased geosmin accumulation in S. tendae cultures grown on Hickey-Tresner medium and in cultures of the fungus Penicillium expansum. Additionally, clomazone increased accumulation of a sesquiterpenoid tentatively identified as a eudesmol in S. tendae, indicating possible point(s) of inhibition subsequent to sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. Geosmin biosynthesis was induced by transferring cultures of S. tendae inoculated on Actinomyces medium to Hickey-Tresner medium 24 h after inoculation. When harvested at 48 h, geosmin biosynthesis-induced-cultures exposed to clomazone contained more geosmin than untreated controls, indicating that response of a single taxon to clomazone can be rapidly altered by changing medium composition. JF - Weed Science AU - Dionigi, C P AD - Res. Plant Physiol., USDA-ARS, South. Reg. Res. Ctr., 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 148 EP - 152 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - geosmin KW - clomazone KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - herbicides KW - media (culture) KW - Streptomyces tendae KW - Penicillium expansum KW - Streptomyces rochei KW - biosynthesis KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16956456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+clomazone+on+biosynthesis+of+geosmin+by+Streptomyces+tendae+and+Penicillium+expansum&rft.au=Dionigi%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Dionigi&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptomyces tendae; Penicillium expansum; Streptomyces rochei; biosynthesis; media (culture); herbicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyrrolnitrin production by biological control agent Pseudomonas cepacia B37w in culture and in colonized wounds of potatoes AN - 16956097; 3624067 AB - Bacterial strain B37w (= NRRL B-14858), an isolate noteworthy because it inhibits the growth of the bioherbicide fungus Colletotrichum truncatum, was selected for further studies of bacterial antifungal properties. This isolate was identified as a Pseudomonas cepacia strain by performing carbohydrate utilization and fatty acid profile analyses, as well as other biochemical and physiological tests. Petri plate assays revealed that strain B37w exhibited antifungal activity against the potato dry rot fungus Fusarium sambucinum. Using bioautography, we correlated antifungal activity with production of a specific compound. Isolation from strain B37w and identification of the antifungal antibiotic pyrrolnitrin are described. A whole-potato assay revealed B37w's ability to colonize potato wounds. This is the first report of P. cepacia or pyrrolnitrin activity against the economically important potato pathogen F. sambucinum. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Burkhead, K D AU - Schisler, DA AU - Slininger, P J AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res., USDA/ARS/NCAUR, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2031 EP - 2039 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - B37w KW - pyrrolnitrin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - wounds KW - Fusarium sambucinum KW - biological control KW - antifungal agents KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - production KW - Pseudomonas cepacia KW - colonization KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16956097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Pyrrolnitrin+production+by+biological+control+agent+Pseudomonas+cepacia+B37w+in+culture+and+in+colonized+wounds+of+potatoes&rft.au=Burkhead%2C+K+D%3BSchisler%2C+DA%3BSlininger%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Burkhead&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2031&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wounds; biological control; antifungal agents; production; colonization; Fusarium sambucinum; Solanum tuberosum; Pseudomonas cepacia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results of Parshall flume tests AN - 16955943; 3624332 AB - Presented are: (1) A reanalysis of Parshall's original experimental data obtained for the improved Venturi (Parshall) flume; and (2) a reanalysis of data obtained by the writer during model tests of the Parshall flumes at the rate measuring stations installed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service (SCS) on the Waco, Tex., Blacklands experimental watershed. Parshall's and the Waco data were originally analyzed graphically to develop rating equations. The reanalysis used the least-squares method. The reanalysis shows that in the head-discharge equation the Waco coefficient and exponent do not vary with flume size, whereas Parshall's exponent varies with flume size for the 0.30 m (1 ft) to 2.44 m (8 ft) flumes and the coefficient varies with flume size for the 3.05 m (10 ft) and larger flumes. The quality of both sets of data is excellent: no explanation has been found for the albeit small differences. The reanalysis lends confidence that the equations presented by Parshall predict the discharge to within the 5% accuracy claimed by Parshall. Similar accuracy is obtained using the writer's equations. The Waco data show that the entrance wingwalls should be curved and that the head-discharge relationship is valid for heads as low as 18 mm (0.06 ft). JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Blaisdell, F W AD - Hydrol. Eng. Res. Unit, Plant Sci. and Water Conserv. Lab., ARS-USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 278 EP - 291 VL - 120 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Parshall flume KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model testing KW - flumes KW - least squares method KW - data interpretation KW - experimental basins KW - calibrations KW - stream discharge KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Results+of+Parshall+flume+tests&rft.au=Blaisdell%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Blaisdell&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flumes; stream discharge; model testing; experimental basins; least squares method; data interpretation; calibrations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography AN - 16955778; 3624291 AB - The fate of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products (HADPs) has not been studied extensively in aquatic environments because there are no published quantitative analytical methods that do not use radioisotopes. This paper presents a new method that has been developed to analyze these degradation products in water. Three HADPs, hydroxyatrazine (HA), deethylhydroxyatrazine (DEHA), and deisopropylhydroxyatrazine (DIHA), were extracted, concentrated, and purified from spiked (1 or 5 ppb) laboratory water and stream water samples (0.25 L) using SCX (propylbenzenesulfonic acid) cation-exchange, solid-phase extraction columns. They were then separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography using a deactivated, reversed-phase octyl (C sub(8)) column with UV detection at 220 nm. The limit of quantitation was 0.13 ppb for HA and 0.40 ppb for the two N-dealkylated HADPs. Recoveries of 5 ppb HADP spikes from stream water containing 5.6-13.5 ppm of dissolved organic C averaged 89.1 plus or minus 6.0% (mean plus or minus standard deviation) for HA, 87.1 plus or minus 3.7% for DEHA, and 90.4 plus or minus 4.2% for DIHA. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Lerch, R N AU - Donald, W W AD - USDA-ARS, Cropping Syst. Water Qual. Res. Unit, 269 Agric. Eng. Bldg., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 922 EP - 927 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - atrazine KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - chromatography KW - chemical analysis KW - degradation KW - herbicides KW - analytical methods KW - water analysis KW - byproducts KW - aquatic environment KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+hydroxylated+atrazine+degradation+products+in+water+using+solid-phase+extraction+and+high-performance+liquid+chromatography&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BDonald%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - degradation; chromatography; aquatic environment; water analysis; herbicides; byproducts; analytical methods; chemical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approximate form of Green-Ampt infiltration equation AN - 16955562; 3624340 AB - We develop an approximation of the Green-Ampt infiltration equation by using the first two terms of a Taylor-series expansion of the equation. The resulting approximate equation is in the form of the Philip's equation, with an added term to account for the error in the approximation. The Taylor-series approximation is compared with Li et al.'s 1976 quadratic approximation for the case of constant rainfall with variable time to ponding. The maximum error for the new approximation is about 3.5%; and the maximum error for the quadratic approximation is about 8%. For a range of values of the ratio of infiltrated depth to capillary potential of 0.1 to 150 the approximation of the Taylor series fits the Green-Ampt infiltrated depth more closely than the quadratic approximation. It is shown that the approximation of the Taylor series gives less error than the quadratic approximation for coarser textured soils. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Stone, J J AU - Hawkins, R H AU - Shirley, ED AD - USDA-ARS-SWRC, 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719-1596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 128 EP - 137 VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Green-Ampt KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - computers KW - soil texture KW - mathematical studies KW - rainfall KW - infiltration KW - capillarity KW - ponding KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Approximate+form+of+Green-Ampt+infiltration+equation&rft.au=Stone%2C+J+J%3BHawkins%2C+R+H%3BShirley%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mathematical studies; infiltration; soil texture; capillarity; computers; ponding; rainfall ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maximum surface storage provided by crop residue AN - 16955523; 3624316 AB - Small ponds created by crop residue serve to store water on upland areas. The present study is conducted to identify the maximum surface storage provided by crop residue. Equations for estimating surface storage are derived assuming that residue elements were oriented end to end, at uniform intervals, in a direction perpendicular to flow. Separate equations are developed for conditions where average slope was greater than or equal to residue cover, or less than residue cover. Both equations relate average surface-storage depth to residue cover, residue diameter, and average slope. Data to test the reliability of the equations are obtained in a laboratory investigation. Artificial residue elements are glued onto a 1-m super(2) test section positioned at slopes of 1%, 10%, or 20%. Four sizes of residue elements and three surface-cover conditions are examined. Surface-storage depth for each experimental condition is measured. Close agreement is found between predicted and measured surface-storage values. Surface storage occurring under field conditions may be substantially less than the estimates obtained using the predictive equations. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Gilley, JE AU - Kottwitz, E R AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0934, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 440 EP - 449 VL - 120 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water storage KW - mathematical studies KW - irrigation practices KW - slopes KW - surface detention KW - cropland KW - laboratories KW - experimental data KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Maximum+surface+storage+provided+by+crop+residue&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BKottwitz%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cropland; irrigation practices; surface detention; slopes; laboratories; mathematical studies; experimental data; water storage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal distributions of peak flows from small agricultural watersheds AN - 16955502; 3624315 AB - Knowledge of seasonal distributions of peak runoff rates is needed for use with watershed models, and for the development of new techniques of estimating peak flow rates and their frequencies of occurrence from small agricultural watersheds. The peak flows in 312 station years of data from seven small agricultural watersheds in Ohio were analyzed to determine the seasonal and land-use distributions of peak flows and their return periods. The assumptions often made when using design storms that peak flows occur during the seasons of highest rainfall intensities was largely confirmed, but there were exceptions. Between 92 and 94% of the peak flows, regardless of land-use and soil type, with return periods greater than two years, occurred during the seasons of highest rainfall intensities. A similar seasonal distribution of peak flows was found from an analysis of specific agricultural land uses. More peak flows occurred during the winter season for flows with return periods smaller than about five years for some land uses. Seasonal distributions of peak flows greater than five years are largely independent of soil type and land use, allowing extrapolation of results beyond the study area in Ohio. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Bonta, J V AU - Rao, A R AD - USDA-ARS, North Appalachian Exp. Watershed, P.O. Box 478, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 422 EP - 439 VL - 120 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil types KW - agricultural watersheds KW - rainfall intensity KW - flood peak KW - precipitation KW - infiltration KW - seasonal variations KW - USA, Ohio KW - land use KW - discharge measurement KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Seasonal+distributions+of+peak+flows+from+small+agricultural+watersheds&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V%3BRao%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural watersheds; flood peak; seasonal variations; land use; soil types; rainfall intensity; infiltration; discharge measurement; precipitation; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of criteria to identify aggressiveness in Ophiostoma ulmi and resistance in American elm germ plasm AN - 16954210; 3611891 AB - Criteria were evaluated to identify levels of aggressiveness of the Dutch elm disease pathogen, Ophiostoma ulmi, and resistance in American elms. Twenty-year-old American elms were inoculated with putative nonaggressive strains PG442 and TN and aggressive strains PMP1, H961, and 16K. Strains PMP1 and H961 were confirmed to be aggressive and strains TN, PG442, and 16K to be nonaggressive. Six-month-old American elm seedlings were inoculated with the five O. ulmi strains, and aggressiveness was judged by disease symptoms and fungus multiplication. Vascular discoloration and numbers of colony-forming units most closely correlated with in vivo results. By most in vitro criteria, PG442 was categorized as aggressive. Callus tissues from susceptible and resistant American elm selections were challenged with the O. ulmi strains. Aggressiveness was differentiated by growth on callus from both a susceptible and a resistant elm. Differences in resistance between susceptible and resistant elm selections were determined by growth of strains H961, PMP1, and PG442 but not 16K or TN. JF - Plant Disease AU - Schreiber, L R AU - Domir, S C AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Natl. Arboretum, Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 629 EP - 632 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - aggressiveness KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Ophiostoma ulmi KW - identification KW - resistance KW - Ulmus americana KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16954210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+criteria+to+identify+aggressiveness+in+Ophiostoma+ulmi+and+resistance+in+American+elm+germ+plasm&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+L+R%3BDomir%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ophiostoma ulmi; Ulmus americana; identification; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of biocontrol of blue mold with the nutrient analog 2-deoxy-D-glucose on apples and pears AN - 16953756; 3615007 AB - The glucose analog, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG) enhanced biocontrol of blue mold (caused by Penicillium expansum), the most important postharvest disease of apples and pears. 2-DOG strongly inhibited P. expansum and of the two antagonists investigated, Pseudomonas syringae was resistant to 2-DOG at 10 mg/ml whereas Sporobolomyces roseus was susceptible. A mutant of S. roseus resistant to 2-DOG was developed. Addition of 2-DOG at 4 mg/ml allowed more than a 10-fold reduction in the concentration of the antagonists applied to fruits without diminishing control. This effect was still apparent at an inoculum of 5 x 10 super(4) conidia of P. expansum per ml, which greatly exceeds concentrations found under normal commercial conditions. The effect of 2-DOG on biocontrol was stronger on apples than on pears. 2-DOG had no effect on populations of the antagonists, which increased greatly in wounds on apples and pears. The reduction in the concentration of the antagonists needed for control may improve the reliability and economy of the biocontrol system and may have a significant impact on commercialization of this new technology. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Janisiewicz, W J AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., ARS-USDA, 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430-9802, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2671 EP - 2676 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2-deoxy-D-glucose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nutrients KW - biological control KW - analogs KW - blue mold KW - Malus pumila KW - Pyrus communis KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16953756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+biocontrol+of+blue+mold+with+the+nutrient+analog+2-deoxy-D-glucose+on+apples+and+pears&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutrients; biological control; blue mold; analogs; Malus pumila; Pyrus communis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment of a turkey cecal cell line and development of turkey coccidia within the cells AN - 16953737; 3810902 AB - Cells were dispersed from cecal tissues of 1- to 2-day-old turkeys using a mixture of collagenase and dispase to enrich for epithelial cells. The initial culture produced from these cells (TCC) appeared to be heterogeneous, but, as the cells were cultured through 25 passages, they assumed a more fibroblastic appearance. Cellular invasion of the TCC by two species of turkey coccidia, Eimeria adenoeides and Eimeria meleagrimitis, was not enhanced, as compared with invasion in turkey kidney cells (TKC), the cell culture system standardly used to study the avian coccidia in vitro. However, early development by one of the species, E. meleagrimitis, was markedly increased in the TCC (Passages 6 through 19) over that in TKC. Thirty to 42% of the parasites that invaded the TCC developed beyond the sporozoite stage, as compared with 5% development in TKC. Mature first-generation schizonts were observed within 24 hr postinoculation in the TCC, but not until 48 hr in the kidney cells. There was no evidence that development of the second generation was initiated in either the TCC or kidney cells. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine AU - Augustine, P C AD - Bldg. 1040, Rm. 102, PDL, LPSI, BARC-E., USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 152 EP - 156 VL - 206 IS - 2 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Eimeria adeinoeides KW - Eimeria meleagrimitis KW - turkeys KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cell culture KW - cecum KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16953737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+a+turkey+cecal+cell+line+and+development+of+turkey+coccidia+within+the+cells&rft.au=Augustine%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Augustine&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell culture; cecum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of PSTVd cDNAs onto tomato reveals the biological effect of apparently lethal mutations AN - 16952878; 3618762 AB - Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) mutants which contain alterations in the terminal loops of the rod-like native structure have previously been reported from our laboratory. PSTVd-P contains mutations at positions 2, 4, and 6 in the left terminal loop; PSTVd-R+, a sequence permutation of PSTVd-R, contains the same mutations at positions 177 and 178 in the right terminal loop as PSTVd-R and contains in addition a 1-nucleotide G insertion at position 176. PSTVd-P, PSTVd-R, and PSTV-R+ were noninfectious when either cDNA or SP6-generated RNA transcripts were used as inoculum onto tomato cotyledons. In the current study, mutant and wild-type PSTVd constructs were mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and used for stem inoculation of tomato plants. Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of the mutant and wild-type constructs has confirmed the inability of the PSTVd-P mutant to establish an infection. The PSTV-R+ mutant and/or sequence variants derived in vivo can establish an infection, although PSTVd-R+ progeny and replicative intermediates appear to be primarily restricted to the gall and root tissues of the plant and only occasionally are progeny detectable in the newly developing leaves. The reduced level of viroid accumulation from the PSTVd-R+ mutant appears to be consistent with the mutant viroid replicating/accumulating only in a limited number of cells or cell types. The mutations in the right terminal loop may alter interactions with specific host components and thereby disrupt the normal pattern of intercellular transport of the viroid or limit its replication to a cell type but not abolish replication per se. JF - Virology AU - Hammond, R W AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., USDA, ARS, Room 252, B-011A BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 36 EP - 45 VL - 201 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Agrobacterium tumefaciens KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - potato spindle tuber viroid KW - cDNA KW - mutation KW - infection KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22188:Other aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16952878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Agrobacterium-mediated+inoculation+of+PSTVd+cDNAs+onto+tomato+reveals+the+biological+effect+of+apparently+lethal+mutations&rft.au=Hammond%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cDNA; infection; mutation; Lycopersicon esculentum; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; potato spindle tuber viroid ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foliar blight of bigflower vetch caused by Ascochyta fabae f. sp. vicia AN - 16951948; 3611873 AB - Bigflower vetch (Vicia grandiflora var. kitaibeliana) is a winter-annual legume developed for use in pastures and as a winter cover crop in specialized situations. During evaluation in a rotation experiment in Connecticut, bigflower vetch became severely diseased by a foliar blight. Symptoms consisted of reddish brown spots with tan centers on leaves. Spots were oval and often coalesced to form larger blotches. A fungus identified as Ascochyta fabae was isolated from diseased tissues, and this fungus induced leaf spots plus necrosis of stems, petioles, and tendrils on bigflower vetch by artificial inoculation. The fungus caused leaf spots (<2 mm in diameter) on V. faba, V. hirsuta, and V. tenuifolia, minor leaf flecking on four other legume species, and no symptoms on 54 other species. Only bigflower vetch was susceptible. Because of the very narrow host range of the form of A. fabae from bigflower vetch, rotation of bigflower vetch with other legumes may not be problematic. This strain of A. fabae has the potential, however, to greatly impair the productivity of bigflower vetch in the northeastern United States and possibly elsewhere. JF - Plant Disease AU - Leath, K T AU - DeGregorio, R E AU - Ashley, R A AD - USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Manage. Res., University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 637 EP - 639 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Ascochyta fabae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - blight KW - foliar diseases KW - Vicia grandiflora KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16951948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Foliar+blight+of+bigflower+vetch+caused+by+Ascochyta+fabae+f.+sp.+vicia&rft.au=Leath%2C+K+T%3BDeGregorio%2C+R+E%3BAshley%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Leath&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vicia grandiflora; foliar diseases; blight ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of artificial bush canopies and illumination on seed patch selection by heteromyid rodents AN - 16951631; 3615805 AB - Bipedal species of seed-eating, desert, heteromyid rodents forage primarily in open spaces while quadrupedal heteromyids forage in structurally complex microhabitats, such as beneath bush canopies. However, both bipeds and quadrupeds use the latter microhabitats relatively more during periods of bright lunar illumination. One explanation for these patterns is that risk of predation is affected by both microhabitat type and illumination, and that microhabitat use is dictated by biped-quadruped differences in vulnerability to predators. I investigated effects of artificial bush canopies and illumination on seed patch selection by three bipedal and three quadrupedal heteromyid species in a laboratory foraging arena. I predicted that, if predation risk affects microhabitat selection, rodents would forage preferentially in seed patches characterized by less risky microhabitat and illumination conditions (i.e., in patches beneath bush canopies rather than open patches, and in dark rather than illuminated patches). Three individual rodent species in addition to species grouped as bipeds and quadrupeds exhibited the predicted preference for dark patches, but only Dipodomys merriami preferred bush patches. No preferences were expressed for open or for illuminated patches. These results and those of previous patch choice experiments that used patches differing in seed distribution and soil properties imply that both predation risk and foraging economics affect heteromyid patch use. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Longland, W S AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Nevada, 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 82 EP - 90 VL - 132 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - light effects KW - food selection KW - laboratory animals KW - foraging behavior KW - bushes KW - Rodentia KW - canopies KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16951631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Cropping+system+influences+on+extractable+water+for+mono-+and+double-cropped+soybean&rft.au=Lehrsch%2C+G+A%3BWhisler%2C+F+D%3BBuehring%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Lehrsch&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rodentia; bushes; canopies; laboratory animals; foraging behavior; food selection; light effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of population dynamics of Pseudomonas cepacia and Paecilomyces lilacinus on colonization of polyfoam rooting cubes by Rhizoctonia solani AN - 16950219; 3615377 AB - Suspensions of Pseudomonas cepacia (strain 5.5B) and Paecilomyces lilacinus (isolate 6.2F) were applied to polyfoam rooting cubes for control of stem rot of poinsettia caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The populations of antagonists and colonization of rooting cubes by R. solani were monitored during a 3-week period. Colonization of cubes by R. solani was reduced in cubes treated with P. cepacia, but the population of P. cepacia decreased by as much as 97% during the test period. Increased colonization by R. solani was correlated with a decline in population of P. cepacia. P. lilacinus was more persistent than P. cepacia in cubes, with only a 21% reduction observed during the 3-week period. Colonization of the P. lilacinus-treated cubes by R. solani was significantly less than colonization of infested controls. No correlation existed between population of P. lilacinus and colonization of cubes by R. solani. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cartwright, D K AU - Benson, D M AD - Crops Res. Lab., USDA/ARS/SAA, Oxford, NC 27565, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2852 EP - 2857 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Paecilomyces lilacinus KW - roots KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Pseudomonas cepacia KW - population dynamics KW - colonization KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16950219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+population+dynamics+of+Pseudomonas+cepacia+and+Paecilomyces+lilacinus+on+colonization+of+polyfoam+rooting+cubes+by+Rhizoctonia+solani&rft.au=Cartwright%2C+D+K%3BBenson%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2852&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - roots; colonization; population dynamics; Paecilomyces lilacinus; Rhizoctonia solani; Pseudomonas cepacia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide waste treatment monitoring of s-triazines using immunoassay AN - 16949846; 3809796 AB - Pesticide waste disposal monitoring currently utilizes conventional methods of analysis such as gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs) have been developed for s-triazine herbicides and many of their environmental degradation products. This paper reports the use of an s-triazine herbicide class-specific ELISA in conjunction with an ELISA for the intermediate product chlorodiamino-s-triazine (CAAT) for measuring s-triazine herbicide ozonation followed by microbiological treatment. For the treatment of atrazine, the ELISAs were very accurate and precise for measuring atrazine and CAAT. The geometric mean regression equation of the amount found by ELISA on the amount found by HPLC for both analytes was Y = 1.12X - 7.13, standard error = 0.038 mu M, R = 0.95, df = 43. The information obtained by the two ELISAs could be used for treatment process control. This ELISA system may save time and expense in s-triazine herbicide treatment monitoring applications. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Muldoon, M T AU - Nelson, JO AD - Soil Microbial Syst. Lab., ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1686 EP - 1692 VL - 42 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - pollution monitoring KW - herbicides KW - immunoassays KW - waste disposal KW - pesticides KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16949846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Pesticide+waste+treatment+monitoring+of+s-triazines+using+immunoassay&rft.au=Muldoon%2C+M+T%3BNelson%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Muldoon&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1686&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunoassays; pesticides; waste disposal; herbicides; pollution monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serologic responses in diagnostic tests for brucellosis in cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus 19 or RB51 AN - 16949779; 3620127 AB - Serologic responses in the particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay and the card, complement fixation, and tube agglutination tests were measured for 10 weeks after vaccination of cattle with either Brucella abortus 19 or the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen-deficient mutant, strain RB51. The responses of strain 19-vaccinated cattle were positive, whereas those of strain RB51-vaccinated cattle were negative, in all of the tests. These results indicate that cattle vaccinated with strain RB51 fail to produce antibodies that can be detected by conventional serologic tests that are used to diagnose bovine brucellosis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Stevens, M G AU - Hennager, S G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Cheville, N F AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1065 EP - 1066 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - tests KW - immunoassays KW - brucellosis KW - Brucella abortus KW - serological tests KW - vaccination KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16949779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Serologic+responses+in+diagnostic+tests+for+brucellosis+in+cattle+vaccinated+with+Brucella+abortus+19+or+RB51&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BHennager%2C+S+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; brucellosis; serological tests; tests; immunoassays; vaccination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epicormic branching of California black oak: Effect of stand and tree characteristics AN - 16948296; 3613207 AB - Young California black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newb.) stands usually require thinning to increase production of acorns and wood products, but epicormic branches, which yield no acorns and constitute a serious lumber degrade, often result. A crown thinning in 60-year-old hardwood stands on a south exposure at the Challenge Experimental Forest in the northern Sierra Nevada of California created basal areas that ranged from 20 to 35 m super(2) per ha. Trees in a control and bordering small openings expanded the basal area range. In 1976 or 6 to 9 years after thinning, 2069 living and dead epicormic branches on 189 California black oak trees were observed. Statistically significant ( alpha = 0.05) predictors of epicormic branching were position in stand, cardinal direction of bole face, and bole segment-variables that generally affected epicormic branching on eastern species of deciduous oaks. Number of epicormic branches increased with decreasing stand density, proximity to openings, on south and east bole faces, and with increasing distance above the stump. These findings, together with silvicultural recommendations for enhancing crown development and lessening epicormic branching of California black oak, are discussed. JF - Northwest Science AU - McDonald, P M AU - Ritchie, M W AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Redding, CA 96001, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 6 EP - 10 VL - 68 IS - 1 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - siviculture KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Quercus kelloggii KW - management KW - productivity KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16948296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Epicormic+branching+of+California+black+oak%3A+Effect+of+stand+and+tree+characteristics&rft.au=McDonald%2C+P+M%3BRitchie%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus kelloggii; productivity; management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kernel infection and aflatoxin production in maize by Aspergillus flavus relative to inoculation and harvest dates AN - 16948103; 3618095 AB - Preharvest kernel infection by Aspergillus flavus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination of maize (Zea mays) grain is a chronic economic problem in the southern part of the United States. Studies were conducted to determine the time of inoculation and harvest date most effective for identifying maize genotypes resistant to kernel infection and aflatoxin contamination by A. flavus. Inoculation of ears with A. flavus 6 days after midsilk resulted in as many or more infected kernels than inoculation of ears 12 and 18 days after midsilk. Multiple inoculations did not increase incidence of kernel infection or aflatoxin contamination. The percentage of infected kernels in inoculated resistant and susceptible hybrids was similar at 46 and 50 days after midsilk, but the percentage of infected kernels was greater in susceptible hybrids at later harvest dates. Thus, resistant hybrids differed significantly from susceptible hybrids for infection levels for harvest dates of 54-62 days after midsilk. One susceptible hybrid had markedly higher aflatoxin contamination than the other three hybrids. Selection for resistance to A. flavus should be more effective at harvest dates around 60 days after midsilk than when gram reaches physiological maturity. JF - Plant Disease AU - Scott, GE AU - Zummo, N AD - USDA-ARS and Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn., Mississippi State MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 123 EP - 125 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - preharvest KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - aflatoxins KW - production KW - inoculation KW - harvesting KW - infection KW - timing KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16948103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Kernel+infection+and+aflatoxin+production+in+maize+by+Aspergillus+flavus+relative+to+inoculation+and+harvest+dates&rft.au=Scott%2C+GE%3BZummo%2C+N&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; infection; aflatoxins; production; inoculation; harvesting; timing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenic interactions of Alternaria crassa and phenolic metabolism in jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) varieties AN - 16947225; 3609850 AB - Alternaria crassa, a mycoherbicide for jimsonweed control, was tested for differential effects on growth, infectivity, and phenolic metabolism of two field-collected jimsonweed varieties. Seeds from field-grown red- and green-stemmed jimsonweed varieties were grown in the greenhouse and spores were applied in aqueous solutions. Infection studies showed no significant differences between the two weed varieties when tested at various growth stages from cotyledonary to 8-leaf stage at 2.5 x 10 super(4) spores/ml. Spore dose response tests with A. crassa spores (6.25 to 100 x 10 super(3) spores/ml) showed no significant varietal differences in disease ratings. Extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity increased nearly equally (2- to 3-fold above control) in both varieties (8- to 9-leaf stage) 48 to 72 h after treatment. Exposure to A. crassa lowered total ethanol-soluble phenolic levels in both varieties 72 h after treatment. Spectrophotometric scans (400 to 700 nm) of ethanol extracts (72 h after treatment) indicated that infection caused some absorbance increases, especially in red-stemmed jimsonweed. Anthocyanin content was about 11-fold higher in red-stemmed than green-stemmed jimsonweed, and A. crassa treatment slightly increased the anthocyanin absorption peak of the red-stemmed variety. JF - Weed Science AU - Hoagland, R E AU - Boyette, C D AD - Res. Biochem., South. Weed Sci. Lab., ARS-USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 44 EP - 49 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Alternaria crassa KW - phenols KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - Datura stramonium KW - metabolism KW - herbicides KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16947225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Pathogenic+interactions+of+Alternaria+crassa+and+phenolic+metabolism+in+jimsonweed+%28Datura+stramonium+L.%29+varieties&rft.au=Hoagland%2C+R+E%3BBoyette%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Hoagland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Datura stramonium; weed control; herbicides; biological control; metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipase of Geotrichum candidum immobilized on silica gel AN - 16947047; 161886 AB - Silica gel is a useful support for the lipases of Geotrichum candidum. Esterification of selected fatty acids and alcohols proceeded to 85-92% conversion in hydrocarbon solvents, and the degree of esterification was increased to 96-98% by adding 4 angstroms molecular sieves at later stages of reaction. The equilibrium ratio of ester to fatty acid (butyl oleate to oleic) was determined for the supported lipase in a number of solvents and ranged from 92:8 in hexane and isooctane to 16:84 in t-butanol. The essential character of the enzyme seemed unimpaired by deposition onto silica gel as judged by fatty acid selectivity and stereoselectivity. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Sonnet, Philip E AU - McNeill, Gerald P AU - Jun, Wang AD - USDA, Philadelphia, PA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1421 EP - 1423 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 71 IS - 12 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Alcohols KW - Catalyst selectivity KW - Geotrichum candidum KW - Lipase KW - Molecular sieves KW - Silica gel KW - Stereoselectivity KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Esterification KW - Fungi KW - Fatty acids KW - Solvents KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 801.3:COLLOID CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16947047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Lipase+of+Geotrichum+candidum+immobilized+on+silica+gel&rft.au=Sonnet%2C+Philip+E%3BMcNeill%2C+Gerald+P%3BJun%2C+Wang&rft.aulast=Sonnet&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Esterification; Fungi; Solvents; Fatty acids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diseases, physiological disorders, and injuries of plums marketed in metropolitan New York AN - 16943660; 3611869 AB - Retail and consumer losses in nine major cultivars of western plums marketed in metropolitan New York and sampled for 15 consecutive weeks during the 1983 and 1984 seasons averaged 4.2 and 5.0%, respectively, for a total market loss of 9.2%. Specific causes were parasitic diseases (3.4%), physiological disorders (2.1%), and injuries (3.7%). Total losses were higher in the cultivars Casselman and President than in Red Beaut, Santa Rosa, Eldorado, Simka, Friar, Italian Prune, and Angelino. In a sample of three of the cultivars in 1992, total consumer losses were 4.7%, statistically unchanged from 1983-1984 levels. The principal disease in both surveys was brown rot (Monilinia spp.), which caused up to 50% of the disease losses. Dehydrated and overripe fruit were the leading categories of physiological disorders; and bruising, cuts, punctures, and freeze damage were the chief categories of injury loss. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wells, J M AU - Butterfield, JE AU - Ceponis, MJ AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 642 EP - 644 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - diseases KW - Prunus domestica KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16943660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Diseases%2C+physiological+disorders%2C+and+injuries+of+plums+marketed+in+metropolitan+New+York&rft.au=Wells%2C+J+M%3BButterfield%2C+JE%3BCeponis%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=642&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus domestica; diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric pollutants and trace gases AN - 16942299; 3608896 AB - An ozone-sensitive (NC-S) and an ozone-resistant (NC-R) clone of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were tested to determine the feasibility of using them to indicate concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O sub(3)) and potential effects of O sub(3) on plants. Foliar injury, foliar chlorophyll, and forage production of both clones were related directly to the O sub(3) concentration. Ozone routinely injured leaves, suppressed foliar chlorophyll, and decreased growth of NC-S more than that of NC-R. Forage production was highly variable over a wide range of weather conditions, but the relative forage production rate of both clones under such conditions was similar and the seasonal O sub(3) response relationship between NC-S and NC-R was relatively stable. The level of response of NC-S to O sub(3) routinely increased from growth period to growth period suggesting an effect of previous exposure. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Heagle, A S AU - Miller, JE AU - Sherrill, DE AD - USDA-ARS Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 613 EP - 621 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - troposphere KW - Trifolium repens KW - chlorophyll KW - air pollution KW - ozone KW - pollution effects KW - growth KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16942299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+pollutants+and+trace+gases&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BMiller%2C+JE%3BSherrill%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium repens; troposphere; air pollution; pollution effects; ozone; chlorophyll; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorine dioxide for reduction of postharvest pathogen inoculum during handling of tree fruits AN - 16942148; 3613582 AB - Alternatives to hypochlorous acid and fungicides are needed for treatment of fruit-handling facilities. Chlorine dioxide was evaluated and found effective against common postharvest decay fungi and against filamentous fungi occurring on fruit packinghouse surfaces. In vitro tests with conidial or sporangiospore suspensions of Botrystis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Mucor piriformis, and Cryptosporiopsis perennans demonstrated >99% spore mortality within 1 min when the fungi were exposed to aqueous chlorine dioxide at 3 or 5 mu b/ml. Longer exposure times were necessary to achieve similar spore mortalities with 1 mu g/ml. Of the fungi tested, B. cinerea and P. expansum were the least sensitive to ClO sub(2). In comparison with the number recovered from the untreated control areas, the number of filamentous fungi recovered was significantly lower in swipe tests from hard surfaces such as belts and pads in a commercial apple and pear packinghouse after treatment of surfaces with a 14.0- to 18.0- mu g/ml. ClO sub(2) foam formulation. Chlorine dioxide has desirable properties as a sanitizing agent for postharvest decay management when residues of postharvest fungicides are not desired or allowed. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Roberts, R G AU - Reymond, ST AD - USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2864 EP - 2868 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - chlorine dioxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fruits KW - pathogens KW - inoculum KW - post-harvest decay KW - fruit trees KW - reduction KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16942148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Chlorine+dioxide+for+reduction+of+postharvest+pathogen+inoculum+during+handling+of+tree+fruits&rft.au=Roberts%2C+R+G%3BReymond%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reduction; pathogens; inoculum; fruits; fruit trees; post-harvest decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The urban savanna: Reuniting ecological preference and function AN - 16941249; 3615341 AB - Understanding public perceptions of ecosystem aesthetics can enhance the success of restoration projects. JF - Restoration & Management Notes AU - Gobster, PH AD - North Cent. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 5801 N. Pulaski Rd., Chicago, IL 60646, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 64 EP - 71 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0733-0707, 0733-0707 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - environmental restoration KW - environmental perception KW - urban environments KW - savannahs KW - D 04695:Urban environments KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04692:Environmental perception KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16941249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.atitle=The+urban+savanna%3A+Reuniting+ecological+preference+and+function&rft.au=Gobster%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Gobster&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+%26+Management+Notes&rft.issn=07330707&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - savannahs; environmental perception; environmental restoration; urban environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kinetics and modeling of lactic acid production by Lactobacillus plantarum AN - 16939601; 3612081 AB - An unstructured model was developed to describe bacterial growth, substrate utilization, and lactic acid production by Lactobacillus plantarum in cucumber juice. Significant lactic acid production occurred during growth, as well as stationary phases. The percentage of acid produced after growth ceased was a function of the medium composition. Up to 51% of the lactic acid was produced after growth ceased when NaCl was not present in the medium, whereas not more than 18% of the total lactic acid was produced after the growth ceased in presence of NaCl, probably because of an increase in the cell death rate. An equation relating the specific death rate and NaCl concentration was developed. The model was demonstrated for batch growth of L. plantarum in cucumber juice. Mathematical simulations were used to predict the influence of variations in death rate, proton concentration when growth ceased, and buffer capacity of the juice on the overall fermentation process. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Passos, F V AU - Fleming, H P AU - Ollis, D F AU - Felder, R M AU - McFeeters, R F AD - Food Ferment. Lab., USDA-ARS, and North Carolina Dep. Food Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2627 EP - 2636 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - lactic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Lactobacillus plantarum KW - production KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02729:Organic acids KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16939601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Kinetics+and+modeling+of+lactic+acid+production+by+Lactobacillus+plantarum&rft.au=Passos%2C+F+V%3BFleming%2C+H+P%3BOllis%2C+D+F%3BFelder%2C+R+M%3BMcFeeters%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Passos&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - production; Lactobacillus plantarum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derivation of mutants of Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum deficient in export of pectolytic enzymes with potential for biological control of potato soft rot AN - 16939501; 3612068 AB - Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum Ecb168 produces an antibiotic(s) that suppresses growth of the related bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in culture and in wounds of potato tubers. Strain Ecb168 also produces and secretes pectolytic enzymes and causes a vascular necrosis and root rot of sugar beet. Genes (out) involved in secretion of pectolytic enzymes by Ecb168 were localized to two HindIII fragments (8.5 and 10.5 kb) of Ecb168 genomic DNA by hybridization to the cloned out region of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and by complementation of Out super(-) mutants of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Strain Ecb168 and Out super(-) derivatives reduced the establishment of large populations of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora in wounds of potato tubers and suppressed tuber soft rot caused by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Costa, J M AU - Loper, JE AD - Horticult. Crops Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2278 EP - 2285 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Erwinia carotovora betavasculorum KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - secretion KW - biological control KW - soft rot KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - characterization KW - proteolytic enzymes KW - potential KW - defective mutant KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16939501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+mutants+of+Erwinia+carotovora+subsp.+betavasculorum+deficient+in+export+of+pectolytic+enzymes+with+potential+for+biological+control+of+potato+soft+rot&rft.au=Costa%2C+J+M%3BLoper%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - secretion; biological control; soft rot; proteolytic enzymes; characterization; potential; defective mutant; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune and pathologic responses in mice infected with Brucella abortus 19, RB51, or 2308 AN - 16937980; 3606529 AB - Immune and pathologic responses were measured for 20 weeks after infection of mice with Brucella abortus 19, RB51, or 2308. Live bacteria and bacterial antigens of 19 and RB51 persisted in spleens for 10 and 4 weeks after infection, respectively, whereas 2308 bacteria and bacterial antigens persisted for at least 20 weeks. Small germinal centers and profound lymphoid depletion occurred in spleens of mice during the first 4 weeks of infection with strain 19 or 2308; however, mice infected with strain RB51 had much larger germinal centers but no lymphoid depletion. At 4 weeks, only spleen cells from RB51-infected mice proliferated when incubated with 2308 bacteria. Large germinal centers in the spleen and spleen cell proliferative responses to 2308 did not appear in strain 19-infected mice until 6 weeks or in strain 2308-infected mice until 10 weeks. Similar proliferative responses to 2308 occurred in mice infected with strain 19 or RB51 at 6 weeks and in mice infected with strain 19, RB51, or 2308 at 10 weeks. However, at 20 weeks, spleen cell proliferative responses to 2308 occurred in mice infected with strain 19 or 2308 but not in mice infected with strain RB51. Mice infected with strain RB51 had lower and less persistent antibody titers to 2308 than did mice infected with strain 19 or 2308. Collectively, these results indicate that RB51-infected mice have less persistent immune responses to 2308 than do mice infected with 19 or 2308. The shorter duration of the responses probably resulted because RB51 is considerably less pathogenic and is cleared more rapidly from mice than are 19 and 2308. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Pugh, GW Jr AU - Palmer, M V AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3206 EP - 3212 VL - 62 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - pathology KW - infection KW - strains KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Immune+and+pathologic+responses+in+mice+infected+with+Brucella+abortus+19%2C+RB51%2C+or+2308&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BPugh%2C+GW+Jr%3BPalmer%2C+M+V&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; infection; immune response; pathology; strains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of macroinvertebrates and small fish to nutrient enrichment in the northern Everglades AN - 16937678; 3611578 AB - The northern Everglades (Water Conservation Area 2A) annually receives an excess addition of 60 M tons of phosphorus and 1814 M tons of nitrogen from agricultural run-off. During 1990-91, invertebrates were collected from replicate sweep and core samples at eight sites along the nutrient enrichment gradient in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A). Species richness, Shannon's diversity, the number of unique species, and the density of invertebrates and small fish were all greater within enriched and intermediately enriched open water habitats than unenriched sloughs. Sorenson's taxonomic similarity index was significantly different between enriched and unenriched areas. Ostracods in particular were 14 times more abundant in the enriched area than at unenriched sites. The freshwater shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) was the only common species with lower densities in enriched than unenriched areas. However, the trophic structure or percent composition of grazers, predators, and collector-gatherers and the number of species within taxonomic orders and functional feeding groups was very similar among sites along the nutrient enrichment gradient. Higher invertebrate and small fish diversity and density within enriched sites indicates that nutrient enrichment has not caused direct harmful foodweb effects that may adversely influence higher trophic levels (e.g., wading birds). Assuming, however, that nutrients can cause cattails to overgrow and eliminate sloughs, the centers of biological diversity in the Everglades, then nutrient enrichment may have harmful indirect effects. JF - Wetlands AU - Rader, R B AU - Richardson, C J AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Exp. Stn., 222 S. 22nd St., Laramie, WY 82070-5299, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 134 EP - 146 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - agricultural runoff KW - freshwater fish KW - macrofauna KW - nutrient enrichment KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - community composition KW - USA, Florida KW - Freshwater KW - Pisces KW - Invertebrata KW - pollution effects KW - species diversity KW - USA, Florida, Everglades KW - marshes KW - Q1 08341:General KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - D 04200:Wetlands KW - Q1 08181:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Response+of+macroinvertebrates+and+small+fish+to+nutrient+enrichment+in+the+northern+Everglades&rft.au=Rader%2C+R+B%3BRichardson%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - community composition; freshwater fish; marshes; agricultural runoff; nutrients (mineral); pollution effects; species diversity; macrofauna; nutrient enrichment; Pisces; Invertebrata; USA, Florida, Everglades; USA, Florida; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population structure and transfer success of Noctuidonema guyanense (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) on moths of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16937631; 3608241 AB - Age distribution, population dispersion, and transfer success of Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain on adults of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) were studied in the laboratory. The nematode population was composed of 77% juveniles (J), 68% of which were J3-J4s. Among adult nematodes, 60% were females. The dispersion of N. guyanense on feral male moths varied from fairly uniform among abdominal segments to clumped on segments 8-10. Transfer success of N. guyanense among mating hosts averaged 2.8% for juveniles and 7.2% for adults on hosts mating a mean of 98 min. On moths mating an average of 415 min, the transfer of nematodes from infested male moths to female moths averaged 19.4% for juveniles and 18.5% for adults. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Rogers, CE AU - Marti, OG Jr AD - Insect Biol. and Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 327 EP - 330 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Noctuidonema guyanense KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - parasitism KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Noctuidae KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - D 04655:Invertebrates - general KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Population+structure+and+transfer+success+of+Noctuidonema+guyanense+%28Nematoda%3A+Aphelenchoididae%29+on+moths+of+Spodoptera+frugiperda+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Rogers%2C+CE%3BMarti%2C+OG+Jr&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera frugiperda; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; parasitism; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oilseed protein solubility after exposure to hydrogen peroxide AN - 16937044; 161888 AB - Cucurbitin, a physicochemically typical oilseed storage protein from pumpkin and other cucurbits, was treated with 20% H sub(2)O sub(2) for periods up to 36 h to determine the length of exposure needed to render it water-soluble. Maximum solubility was reached in 8 h from virtual insolubility and started decreasing after about 12 h. These results not only indicate that H sub(2)O sub(2) was effective in rendering oilseed protein water-soluble and can be used to prepare several ratios of soluble-to-insoluble protein products, but also show the lengths of exposure needed to obtain the required solubilities. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Jacks, T J AD - USDA, New Orleans, LA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1429 EP - 1430 PB - AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOC, CHAMPAIGN, IL, (USA) VL - 71 IS - 12 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Cucurbitaceae KW - Cucurbitin KW - Globulin KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Oilseed KW - Vegetable oils KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Solubility KW - Proteins KW - Chemical modification KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 821.4:AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Oilseed+protein+solubility+after+exposure+to+hydrogen+peroxide&rft.au=Jacks%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Jacks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solubility; Proteins; Chemical modification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Independent segregation in potato for resistance to Verticillium wilt and pink-eye AN - 16933157; 3611898 AB - In 1991 and 1992, 30 potato families (comprising approximately 1,330 genotypes) were evaluated for resistance to both Verticillium wilt, caused by V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae, and pink-eye, a disease of unknown etiology. Significant differences were found among families for severity of Verticillium wilt and incidence of pink-eye. Within-family variability accounted for more than 90% of the observed variation for both traits in both years. Homogeneous variances for severity of Verticillium wilt across families were observed in both years; in contrast, heterogeneous variances for incidence of pink-eye across families were observed in both years, with greater variance in those families with a higher incidence of pink-eye. In general, there was no consistent relationship between severity of Verticillium wilt and incidence of pink-eye in segregating families. JF - Plant Disease AU - Goth, R W AU - Haynes, K G AU - Wilson AD - USDA-ARS, Veg. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 562 EP - 564 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - genetics KW - wilt KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - resistance KW - Verticillium KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16933157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Independent+segregation+in+potato+for+resistance+to+Verticillium+wilt+and+pink-eye&rft.au=Goth%2C+R+W%3BHaynes%2C+K+G%3BWilson&rft.aulast=Goth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Verticillium; Solanum tuberosum; wilt; resistance; genetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three native cellulose-depolymerizing endoglucanases from solid-substrate cultures of the brown rot fungus Meruliporia (Serpula) incrassata AN - 16933086; 3612061 AB - Three extracellular cellulose-depolymerizing enzymes from cotton undergoing decay by the brown rot fungus Meruliporia (Serpula) incrassata were isolated by anion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. Depolymerization was detected by analyzing the changes in the molecular size distribution of cotton cellulose by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. The average degree of polymerization (DP; number of glucosyl residues per cellulose chain) was calculated from the size-exclusion chromatography data. The very acidic purified endoglucanases, Cel 25, Cel 49, and Cel 57, were glycosylated and had molecular weights of 25,200, 48,500, and 57,100, respectively. Two, Cel 25 and Cel 49, depolymerized cotton cellulose and were also very active on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Molecular size distributions of cotton cellulose attacked by the three endoglucanases revealed single major peaks that shifted to lower DP positions. A second smaller peak (DP, 10 to 20) was also observed in the size-exclusion chromatograms of cotton attacked by Cel 49 and Cel 57. Under the reaction conditions used, Cel 25, the most active of the cellulases, reduced the weight average DP from 3,438 to 315, solubilizing approximately 20% of the cellulose. The weight average DP values of cotton attacked under the same conditions by Cel 49 and Cel 57 were 814 and 534; weight losses were 9 and 11%, respectively. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Kleman-Leyer, KM AU - Kirk, T K AD - Inst. Microb. and Biochem. Technol., For. Prod. Lab., USDA For. Serv., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2839 EP - 2845 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Meruliporia incrassata KW - endoglucanase KW - cellulose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - depolymerization KW - brown rot KW - activity KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16933086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Three+native+cellulose-depolymerizing+endoglucanases+from+solid-substrate+cultures+of+the+brown+rot+fungus+Meruliporia+%28Serpula%29+incrassata&rft.au=Kleman-Leyer%2C+KM%3BKirk%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Kleman-Leyer&rft.aufirst=KM&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - brown rot; activity; depolymerization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and sporulation potential of Clostridium perfringens in aerobic and vacuum-packaged cooked beef AN - 16931280; 3610947 AB - Growth of Clostridium perfringens in aerobic- and anaerobic- (vacuum) packaged cooked ground beef was investigated. Autoclaved ground beef was inoculated with similar to 3.0-log sub(10) CFU/g of C. perfringens, packaged and stored at various temperatures. Vegetative cells and heat-resistant spores were enumerated by plating unheated and heated (75 degree C for 20 min) meat samples on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar. Clostridium perfringens grew to > 7 logs within 12 h at 28, 37 and 42 degree C under anaerobic atmosphere and at 37 and 42 degree C under aerobic conditions. At 28 degree C under aerobic conditions, growth was relatively slow and total viable count increased to > 6 logs within 36 h. Similarly, growth at 15 degree C in air was both slower and less than under vacuum. Regardless of packaging, the organism either declined or did not grow at 4, 8 and 12 degree C. Spores were not found at < 12 degree C. Spores were detected as early as 8 h at 42 degree C under anaerobic conditions, but in general, the type of atmosphere had little influence on sporulation at greater than or equal to 28 degree C. Temperature abuse (28 degree C storage) of refrigerated products for 6 h will not permit C. perfringens growth. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Juneja, V K AU - Marmer, B S AU - Miller, A J AD - East. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 393 EP - 398 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - sporulation KW - vacuum KW - beef KW - foods KW - meat KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - packaging KW - growth KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H SE4.23:FOOD PACKAGING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16931280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Growth+and+sporulation+potential+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+aerobic+and+vacuum-packaged+cooked+beef&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BMarmer%2C+B+S%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; growth; packaging; sporulation; vacuum; beef; meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diurnal versus 24-hour sampling of habitat use AN - 16930295; 3607817 AB - Habitat use estimates may be biased if the sampling design does not consider differences in a species' habitat use throughout a 24-hour period. We reviewed studies to examine the suitability of sampling designs in determining habitat use relative to a species daily activity pattern. Of 56 studies we reviewed 22 presented data only from daylight sampling and 12 did not describe their methods with enough detail to determine when sampling occurred. Elk (Cervus elaphus) habitat use throughout the entire 24-hour period was different (P < 0.001) from that during diurnal hours. Managers should be cautious when implementing management strategies developed only from diurnal datasets. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Beyer, DE Jr AU - Haufler, J B AD - USDA Forest Serv., Natl. Forests Fl., 227 N. Bronough St., Suite 4061, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 178 EP - 180 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - difference KW - sampling KW - Cervus elaphus KW - habitat utilization KW - diurnal KW - D 04700:Management KW - Y 25867:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16930295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Diurnal+versus+24-hour+sampling+of+habitat+use&rft.au=Beyer%2C+DE+Jr%3BHaufler%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Beyer&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cervus elaphus; sampling; difference; habitat utilization; diurnal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Denitrification loss from two Pennsylvania floodplain soils AN - 16929757; 3603493 AB - Denitrification losses and dissolved nitrous oxide concentration within a well- and poorly-drained soil under ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were measured for ) 12 mo. The soils received up to 252 kg N/ha as potassium nitrate in two equal amounts. Denitrification increased in March as the soil warmed to 5 to 7 degree C with the highest rates occurring soon after N was applied. Approximately 30% of annual loss occurred within 2 wk of fertilization. Dissolved nitrous oxide concentration peaks corresponded to periods with elevated denitrification. On average, the poorly-drained soil denitrified the equivalent of 40% of applied N (up to 110 kg N/ha). Less than 2.5 kg/ha was denitrified from the well-drained soil. The degree of anoxia in the measurement apparatus substantially effected measured denitrification rates. Consequently, it is important to know the relationship between redox in-situ and in the measurement apparatus. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Schnabel, R R AU - Stout, W L AD - USDA-ARS Pasture Syst. and Watershed Manage. Res., 117 Res. Off. Build., Univ. Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 344 EP - 348 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - soil texture KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - denitrification KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - aeration KW - drainage KW - water pollution sources KW - flood plains KW - cores KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16929757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Denitrification+loss+from+two+Pennsylvania+floodplain+soils&rft.au=Schnabel%2C+R+R%3BStout%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Schnabel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - denitrification; water pollution sources; drainage; soil water; soil-water-plant relationships; soil texture; flood plains; aeration; cores; USA, Pennsylvania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal radar and meteorological observations associated with nocturnal insect flight at altitudes to 900 meters AN - 16928986; 3606628 AB - Nocturnal aerial insect flight activities between 30 and 900 m above ground level were monitored with 3-cm scanning radar during the spring, summer, and fall seasons of 1988 and 1989 in the Brazos River Valley of Burleson County near College Station, TX. Surface meteorological parameters were measured continuously with weather station instrumentation, and radiosondes carried aloft by weather balloons were used to measure upper-air temperatures and wind conditions. Aerial volume density patterns and flight behaviors observed with radar varied nightly because of the many biological and meteorological variables involved, but certain seasonal characteristics of insect flight behavior became apparent during the course of the research. Nightly local dispersal flights at dusk were the norm, especially during the summer. Large numbers of insects were typically airborne for 1 to 2 h beginning about one-half hour after sunset with some of them reaching altitudes of 800 m or more where wind speeds were typically greater than 30 km/h. Several apparent long-range migration-type insect movement events were observed in which insects were concentrated in layers in high-speed, low-level wind jets that were apparently associated with nocturnal upper-air temperature inversions. Migration-type movement of insects tended to be south to north in the spring and early summer and north to south in the fall. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Beerwinkle, K R AU - Lopez, JD Jr AU - Witz, JA AU - Schleider, P G AU - Eyster, R S AU - Lingren, P D AD - Crop Insect Pests Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Rte. 5, Box 808, Coll. Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 676 EP - 683 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - migration KW - insecta KW - seasonal variations KW - USA, Texas KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16928986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+radar+and+meteorological+observations+associated+with+nocturnal+insect+flight+at+altitudes+to+900+meters&rft.au=Beerwinkle%2C+K+R%3BLopez%2C+JD+Jr%3BWitz%2C+JA%3BSchleider%2C+P+G%3BEyster%2C+R+S%3BLingren%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Beerwinkle&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecta; USA, Texas; migration; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residual activity of granular starch-encapsulated Bacillus thuringiensis AN - 16927448; 3603501 AB - Residual insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner encapsulated in cornstarch was determined by using two separate tests. In the first test, granules with various additives were placed in whorls of corn plants in the field, collected over time, and bioassayed against neonate Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner). During a wet year (1990) when 10 cm rain fell during the exposure time, insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis encapsulated in starch granules was higher than that of B. thuringiensis in a commercial formulation. In a dry year (1989), we observed no significant differences in activity. In 1991, when 3 cm rain fell midway through the study, the commercial formulation had less activity than two of the starch formulations. In the second test, field efficacy was measured at two locations. In this study, we examined the effect of an early versus a late application of toxicants when whorl-stage plants were infested with laboratory-reared. O. nubilalis larvae over a 10-d period. Granules were applied either on the 1st d of insect infestation (early) or after the 7th d of infestation (late). The late application was significantly more efficacious than the early application. B. thuringiensis granules consistently prevented damage by O. nubiliasis as well as or better than a chemical insecticide for the length of the study. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - McGuire, M R AU - Shasha, B S AU - Lewis, L C AU - Nelsen, T C AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Polymer Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 631 EP - 637 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - starch KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pathogens KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - Lepidoptera KW - residual effects KW - granules KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16927448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Residual+activity+of+granular+starch-encapsulated+Bacillus+thuringiensis&rft.au=McGuire%2C+M+R%3BShasha%2C+B+S%3BLewis%2C+L+C%3BNelsen%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=McGuire&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Ostrinia nubilalis; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; pathogens; residual effects; biological control; granules ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nucleotide sequence analysis of IS1533 from Leptospira borgpetersenii: Identification and expression of two IS-encoded proteins AN - 16927306; 3602099 AB - The nucleotide sequence of IS1533, an insertion sequence-like element cloned from the spirochete Leptospira borgpetersenii, was determined. IS1533 contains imperfect terminal inverted repeats (IVR) of 31 bp flanking a 1402-bp internal sequence. A putative target sequence was identified, and insertion may result in duplication of 2 bp. The internal sequence has a single open reading frame (ORF). IS1533 encodes two proteins (43.5 and 41 kDa) initiating alternatively at either the first or the second AUG codons of the ORF. These proteins are related to a recently recognized family of IS-encoded transposases and bacterial recombinases, all which share a region of homology with the active site of the HIV reverse transcriptase. The IS1533-encoded proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli. Both the 43.5- and 41-kDa proteins bound IS1533 DNA probes in a Southwestern blot assay. The data suggest that one or both proteins function during transposition of IS1533. JF - Plasmid AU - Zuerner, R L AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 11 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0147-619X, 0147-619X KW - transposase KW - insertion sequence IS1533 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Leptospira borgpetersenii KW - genes KW - prediction KW - nucleotide sequence KW - insertion sequences KW - amino acid sequence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16927306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plasmid&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+analysis+of+IS1533+from+Leptospira+borgpetersenii%3A+Identification+and+expression+of+two+IS-encoded+proteins&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plasmid&rft.issn=0147619X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leptospira borgpetersenii; genes; nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence; prediction; insertion sequences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of pheromone dose, trap height, and septum age on effectiveness of pheromones for Carpophilus mutilatus and C. hemipterus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in a California date garden AN - 16926475; 3606630 AB - Synthetic pheromones for Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson and C. hemipterus (L.) were field tested in a planting of 'Deglet Noor' dates in southern California to determine effects of pheromone dose, trap height, and age of pheromone formulation on trap catch. Fermenting whole-wheat bread dough was the pheromone synergist in all cases. C. mutilatus was the most abundant nitidulid in the date garden, and trap catches were as high as 114,000 beetles per trap per 3-d period. For C. mutilatus, pheromone doses from 50 to 15,000 mu g were significantly more attractive than controls, and trap catch increased with pheromone dose. Catch of C. mutilatus to its pheromone (500 mu g) was significantly greater at a 3-m trap height than at 0.3 m. C. hemipterus responded significantly to its pheromone at all doses (15 to 15,000 mu g). In addition, C. mutilatus, C. obsoletus Erichson, and C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.) responded to the C. hemipterus pheromone, and all four species responded best at the highest doses. With the C. hemipterus pheromone (500 mu g) at trap heights between 0.3 and 3 m, captures of C. hemipterus, C. mutilatus, and C. obsoletus increased with trap height, but those for C. humeralis were greatest near the ground. Rubber septa with pheromone for either species became less effective over time. After 1 wk, septum activity ranged from 18% of its original value (C. mutilatus responding to the C. mutilatus pheromone) to 90% (C. obsoletus responding to the C. hemipterus pheromone). In all experiments and with all species, males and females responded similarly. Trap responses are influenced strongly by the availability of food; in one case, sudden appearance of an abundant food source on the ground decreased responses of C. mutilatus by 99% within 1 wk. Implications of the study for using the pheromones in practical pest management are discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Bartelt, R J AU - Vetter, R S AU - Carlson, D G AU - Baker, T C AD - Bioactive Constituents Res. Group, USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 667 EP - 675 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - aggregation-pheromone KW - pest management KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nitidulidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Carpophilus mutilatus KW - pheromone traps KW - Carpophilus hemipterus KW - USA, California KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16926475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+pheromone+dose%2C+trap+height%2C+and+septum+age+on+effectiveness+of+pheromones+for+Carpophilus+mutilatus+and+C.+hemipterus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Nitidulidae%29+in+a+California+date+garden&rft.au=Bartelt%2C+R+J%3BVetter%2C+R+S%3BCarlson%2C+D+G%3BBaker%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Bartelt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carpophilus mutilatus; Carpophilus hemipterus; Nitidulidae; Coleoptera; USA, California; pheromone traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Examination of an Aspergillus flavus resistant inbred of maize for cross-resistance to sap beetle vectors AN - 16926299; 3602111 AB - Maize genotypes resistant to fungi may also be resistant to insects. However, enhanced resistance to fungi could increase susceptibility to insects due to inadvertent incorporation of factors that promote sap beetle feeding, such as some aromatic alcohols or flavonoids. To explore these possibilities, the comparative response of maize-feeding sap beetles to milk stage kernels of Mp313E and SC212M was examined. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Dowd, P F AD - Mycotoxin Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 177 EP - 180 VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - pest resistance KW - cross-resistance KW - Zea mays KW - Nitidulidae KW - toxins KW - Coleoptera KW - Carpophilus freemani KW - Carpophilus lugubris KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07357:GENERAL KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16926299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=Examination+of+an+Aspergillus+flavus+resistant+inbred+of+maize+for+cross-resistance+to+sap+beetle+vectors&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Aspergillus flavus; Carpophilus lugubris; Carpophilus freemani; Nitidulidae; Coleoptera; toxins; cross-resistance; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increasing CO sub(2): Comparative responses of the C sub(4) grass Schizachyrium and grassland invader Prosopis AN - 16925514; 3600639 AB - The woody C sub(3) Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite) and C sub(4) perennial grass Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem) were grown along a gradient of daytime carbon dioxide concentrations from near 340 to 200 mu mol/mol air in a 38 m long controlled environment chamber. We sought to determine effects of historical and prehistorical increases in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration on growth, resource use, and competitive interactions of a species representative of C sub(4)-dominated grasslands in the southwestern United States and the invasive legume P. glandulosa. Increasing CO sub(2) concentration stimulated N sub(2) fixation by individually grown P. glandulosa and elicited in C sub(3) seedlings a similar relative increase in leaf intercellular CO sub(2) concentration, net assimilation rate, and intrinsic water use efficiency (leaf net assimilation rate/stomatal conductance). Aboveground biomass of P. glandulosa was not altered by CO sub(2) concentration, but belowground biomass and whole-plant water and nitrogen use efficiencies increased linearly with CO sub(2) concentration in seedlings that were grown alone. Biomass produced by P. glandulosa that was grown with S. scoparium was not affected by CO sub(2) concentration. Stomatal conductance declined and leaf assimilation rates of S. scoparium at near maximum incident light increased at higher CO sub(2) concentration, but there was no effect of CO sub(2) concentration on biomass production or whole-plant water use efficiency of the C sub(4) grass. Rising CO sub(2) concentration, especially the 27% increase since the beginning of the 19th century, may have contributed to more abundant P. glandulosa on C sub(4) grasslands by stimulating the shrub's growth or reducing the amount of resources that the C sub(3) required. Much of the potential response of P. glandulosa to CO sub(2) concentration, however, appears to be contingent on the shrub's escaping competition with neighboring grasses. JF - Ecology AU - Polley, H W AU - Johnson, H B AU - Mayeux, H S AD - Grassland, Soil and Water Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 976 EP - 988 VL - 75 IS - 4 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - C sub(3) and C sub(4) pathways KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - water use KW - Schizachyrium scoparium KW - biomass KW - Prosopis glandulosa KW - nitrogen fixation KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16925514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Increasing+CO+sub%282%29%3A+Comparative+responses+of+the+C+sub%284%29+grass+Schizachyrium+and+grassland+invader+Prosopis&rft.au=Polley%2C+H+W%3BJohnson%2C+H+B%3BMayeux%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Polley&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prosopis glandulosa; Schizachyrium scoparium; biomass; nitrogen fixation; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetative propagule production and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by monoecious Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle grown at two photoperiods AN - 16925353; 3605309 AB - Plants of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle were grown under two photoperiods (11 or 15 h) in a greenhouse. Under the 11 h photoperiod, Hydrilla produced geotropic shoots after 34 days, tubers were first observed at 48 days, and turions after 76 days. During this study, Hydrilla plants grown under the 11 h photoperiod produced 317 tubers, and those grown under the 15 h photoperiod produced two tubers. C and N were directed from other plant structures, especially shoots and roots, into newly formed tubers and turions. C was allocated to new tubers at a rate that was about 43 times that for N. After 12 weeks, about 15 times more C and N were allocated to tuber production than to turion production. Nutrient use efficiency for N increased significantly in both photoperiods. N use efficiency was not a good indicator of the onset of tuber or turion production. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Spencer, D AU - Anderson, L AU - Ksander, G AU - Klaine, S AU - Bailey, F AD - USDA-ARS Aquat. Weed Lab., Sect. Plant Biol., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 121 EP - 132 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - carbon KW - nitrogen KW - nutrients (mineral) KW - plant nutrition KW - plant reproductive structures KW - resource allocation KW - tubers KW - turions KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - asexual reproduction KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - reproduction KW - photoperiods KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16925353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Vegetative+propagule+production+and+allocation+of+carbon+and+nitrogen+by+monoecious+Hydrilla+verticillata+%28L.f.%29+Royle+grown+at+two+photoperiods&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D%3BAnderson%2C+L%3BKsander%2C+G%3BKlaine%2C+S%3BBailey%2C+F&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asexual reproduction; plant reproductive structures; carbon; aquatic plants; nutrients (mineral); turions; reproduction; photoperiods; plant nutrition; nitrogen; resource allocation; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement in activity of homologous and heterologous viruses against the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) by an optical brightener AN - 16924891; 3603462 AB - Addition of a selected stilbene optical brightener (Phorwite AR) to the gypsy moth cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus reduced the LC sub(50) from 1.21 x 10 super(5) polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per ml to 1.40 x 10 super(2) PIB per ml in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae. The brightener also reduced the LT sub(50) for this virus from 13.2 to 8.4 d (1 x 10 super(6) PIB per ml). Whereas the gypsy moth is not susceptible to such viruses as the Autographa nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the Amsacta entomopoxvirus, addition of Phorwite AR to suspensions of these viruses resulted in susceptibility. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AU - Dougherty, ME AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA-ARS, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 361 EP - 365 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - optical brightener KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - entomopoxvirus KW - lymantria dispar KW - pathogens KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus KW - biological control KW - viruses KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16924891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+in+activity+of+homologous+and+heterologous+viruses+against+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+by+an+optical+brightener&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M%3BDougherty%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; entomopoxvirus; viruses; pathogens; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Origin of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) migrants as determined by Citrus pollen markers and synoptic weather systems AN - 16924496; 3606629 AB - Pollen on corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), can provide an indication of their host plant visitations and migratory activities. Our study was conducted to determine the origin of Citrus sp. pollen-contaminated moths captured in Atoka County, Oklahoma, during 1990 and the host plant feeding range of moths present in Hidalgo County, Texas, and Atoka County. Captured moths were analyzed for pollen with scanning electron microscopy. H. zea moths captured in January 1989 in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas when citrus was not blooming were not contaminated with Citrus spp. pollen. Sixty percent of those captured on 17 March 1989 during the citrus blooming period were contaminated with Citrus spp. pollen. None of the moths sampled in that area between 21 March and 2 April 1990 were contaminated with Citrus spp. after a major freeze in December 1989. Citrus blooming during 1990 was drastically reduced or eliminated in South Texas, northeastern Mexico, Louisiana, and central Florida. However, Citrus sp. pollen accounted for 3% of all pollen detected on migratory H. zea collected in Atoka County between 27 February and 24 April 1990. Lack of Citrus spp. pollen-contaminated H. zea in Hidalgo County after the severe freeze suggests the H. zea contaminated with Citrus pollen was collected in Atoka County during April 1990 originated elsewhere. Evaluation of calculated trajectories, synoptic weather maps, and upper-air transport opportunities suggests southern Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, Yucatan Peninsula, and northern Central America as potential source areas 1,515 km from the capture site. This would require the moths to be in flight over water for 72 h or have very limited diurnal resting periods on seaweed (Sargassum spp.), ships, oil platforms, or the sea surface. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Lingren, P D AU - Westbrook, J K AU - Bryant, VM Jr AU - Raulston, J R AU - Esquivel, J F AU - Jones, G D AD - USDA-ARS, CIPMRU, Rte. 5, Box 808, Coll. Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 562 EP - 570 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Citrus KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - pests KW - pollen KW - weather KW - Noctuidae KW - migration KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16924496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Origin+of+corn+earworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+migrants+as+determined+by+Citrus+pollen+markers+and+synoptic+weather+systems&rft.au=Lingren%2C+P+D%3BWestbrook%2C+J+K%3BBryant%2C+VM+Jr%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BEsquivel%2C+J+F%3BJones%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Lingren&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; migration; pollen; weather; pests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of avian endogenous provirus - cellular junction sequences using inverse polymerase chain reactions AN - 16922994; 3605128 AB - The inverse polymerase chain reaction (invPCR), based on using sets of oligonucleotide primers oriented in the reverse direction of the usual PCR, was used to amplify cell sequences that flank chicken endogenous virus (ev) genes. Inverse PCR products flanking the 5' region of ev7 and ev12 were cloned and cell nucleotide sequences were determined. Subsequent PCRs were conducted using primers based on cell sequences flanking ev7, ev12, and the proviral long terminal repeat of ev1. In a survey of experimental and commercial lines and breeds, ev12 was found among three broiler lines. This approach facilitates the identification of ev genes in breeding stocks without conducting prior conventional progeny testing. Moreover, specific ev genes may be detected in individuals harboring a variety of other ev genes. JF - Animal Biotechnology AU - Iraqi, F AU - Smith, E J AD - USDA-ARS, Avian Dis. Oncol. Lab., E. Lansing, MI 48823, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 69 EP - 80 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5398, 1049-5398 KW - avian endogenous provirus KW - ev gene KW - sequences KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - breeding KW - genes KW - determination KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W2 32435:Animal breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16922994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+avian+endogenous+provirus+-+cellular+junction+sequences+using+inverse+polymerase+chain+reactions&rft.au=Iraqi%2C+F%3BSmith%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Iraqi&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10495398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - breeding; genes; determination; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a broad-based energy tax on the United States economy AN - 16922303; 3599186 AB - The authors investigate the effects of a broad-based energy tax on the United States economy in general and the agricultural sectors in particular. The analytical approach used in the analysis consisted of a general equilibrium model composed of 14 producing sectors, 14 consuming sectors, 6 household categories classified by income, and a government. The effects of imposing a tax on natural gas, coal, and nuclear power of 25.7 cents per million Btu's and a tax on refined petroleum products of 59.9 cents per million Btu's on prices and quantities are examined. JF - Energy Sources AU - Uri, N D AU - Boyd, R AD - Comm. Econ. Div., Econ. Res. Serv., USDA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 133 EP - 160 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0090-8312, 0090-8312 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - government policies KW - taxation KW - USA KW - energy consumption KW - economics KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16922303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Sources&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+broad-based+energy+tax+on+the+United+States+economy&rft.au=Uri%2C+N+D%3BBoyd%2C+R&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Sources&rft.issn=00908312&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; energy consumption; economics; taxation; government policies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat selection by Mexican Spotted Owls in northern Arizona AN - 16920660; 3600573 AB - We compared use of seven habitat types to availability of those types within the home ranges of eight radio-tagged Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida). When all habitat types were considered simultaneously, habitat use differed from habitat availability for each owl. Patterns of habitat use varied among individuals and with respect to activity. Owls generally foraged more than or as frequently as expected in virgin mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests, and less than expected in managed forests. Owls roosted primarily in virgin mixed-conifer forests. We also compared habitat characteristics among foraging, roosting, and randomly available sites. Habitat characteristics differed significantly among plot types. Both roosting and foraging sites had more big logs, higher canopy closure, and greater densities and basal areas of both trees and snags than random sites. Roosting sites had greater canopy closure, more big logs, and greater densities of both trees and snags than foraging sites. Mature forests appear to be important to owls in this region, and different forest types may be used for different activities. JF - Auk AU - Ganey, J L AU - Balda, R P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exp. Stn., 2500 S. Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 162 EP - 169 VL - 111 IS - 1 SN - 0004-8038, 0004-8038 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Strix occidentalis lucida KW - habitat selection KW - USA, Arizona KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16920660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Habitat+selection+by+Mexican+Spotted+Owls+in+northern+Arizona&rft.au=Ganey%2C+J+L%3BBalda%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Ganey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strix occidentalis lucida; USA, Arizona; habitat selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A biological sensor for iron available to bacteria in their habitats on plant surfaces AN - 16919860; 3599294 AB - A sensor responsive to iron was constructed by fusing a promoterless ice nucleation activity gene (inaZ) to an iron-regulated promoter of a genomic region involved in pyoverdine (fluorescent siderophore) (pvd) production in Pseudomonas syringae. Cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. syringae that contained the pvd-inaZ fusion expressed iron-responsive ice nucleation activity in the bean rhizosphere and phyllosphere, respectively, and in culture. A comparison of the ice nucleation activity conferred by pvd-inaZ with the activity conferred by iceC revealed the bioavailability of iron in culture or natural habitats. The relative ice nucleation activities expressed by strains containing iceC or pvd-inaZ indicated that, while not abundant, Fe(III) is not present at extremely low concentrations at all microsites colonized by bacteria on plant surfaces. Biological sensors that are constructed by fusing inaZ to chemically responsive promoters provide a novel way to characterize chemical constituents of microbial habitats. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Loper, JE AU - Lindow, SE AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 3420 N.W. Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1934 EP - 1941 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - iron KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - nutrient availability KW - phyllosphere KW - plants KW - rhizosphere KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - availability KW - A 01047:General KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16919860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+biological+sensor+for+iron+available+to+bacteria+in+their+habitats+on+plant+surfaces&rft.au=Loper%2C+JE%3BLindow%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Loper&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1934&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutrient availability; phyllosphere; plants; rhizosphere; availability; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pseudomonas syringae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of sterile Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) releases on the target species, a nontarget tephritid, and a braconid parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in commercial coffee fields AN - 16919026; 3603915 AB - A 2-yr program of sterile Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), releases (yr 1:535 million; yr 2: 941 million flies) was conducted on Kauai Island, HI., in commercial coffee (Coffea arabica L.) fields. Fruit collections were used to estimate relative abundances of (1) C. capitata, the target species; (2) oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a potential competing fruit fly species; and (3) a beneficial wasp, Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), that attacks both fruit flies. During season 2, C. capitata abundance in the treatment area was suppressed by as much as 56% compared with the control area. In contrast, the number of B. dorsalis in treated coffee fields was within 6% of that in the control field for both years of the study, indicating that its abundance was not affected by C. capitata sterile releases. Numbers of B. dorsalis were not correlated with those of C. capitata, suggesting that these tephritids were not competitors in that habitat at that time. C. capitata and B. arisanus abundances were correlated positively in two of the four situations studied. Mean numbers of B. arisanus per 100 fruits in treated fields were 5.3 and 3.2 during seasons 1 and 2, respectively. Data suggest that high numbers of B. arisanus remain in a habitat inundated with sterile flies and that sterile C. capitata releases are compatible with B. arisanus parasitism for fruit fly control. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vargas, R I AU - Walsh, WA AU - Hsu, Chiou-Ling AU - Spencer, J AU - Mackey, B AU - Whitehand, L AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 653 EP - 660 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - parasitoids KW - Tephritidae KW - Braconidae KW - sterile-release KW - Hymenoptera KW - Coffea arabica KW - Diptera KW - nontarget organisms KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16919026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+sterile+Mediterranean+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+releases+on+the+target+species%2C+a+nontarget+tephritid%2C+and+a+braconid+parasitoid+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+in+commercial+coffee+fields&rft.au=Vargas%2C+R+I%3BWalsh%2C+WA%3BHsu%2C+Chiou-Ling%3BSpencer%2C+J%3BMackey%2C+B%3BWhitehand%2C+L&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coffea arabica; Ceratitis capitata; Braconidae; Tephritidae; Hymenoptera; Diptera; sterile-release; nontarget organisms; parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed production of wiregrass in central Florida following growing season prescribed burns AN - 16918982; 3597981 AB - Wiregrass (Aristida stricta Michx.) is a major species in the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) sandhills areas of central Florida, providing a major portion of the fuel for the recurring ground fires necessary to maintain the community. Growing season burning promotes flower the seed production. The objective of this study was to assess the seed production potential of wiregrass following prescribed burns from May through August. Four longleaf wiregrass sites were prescribed burned, one each in May, June, July, and August. Information on bunch size, bunch density, seed stalk density, seed density, and seed germination were collected. The four sites differed significantly in the density of wiregrass bunches, average bunch size, wiregrass cover and seed viability. The density of seed stalks was fairly consistent across sites. Viable seed production was lowest on the June burned site and highest on the July burned site. The study shows good quantities of seed are comparatively easy to produce with growing season burns. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Outcalt, K W AD - USDA Forest Serv., P.O. Box 14524, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 123 EP - 125 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aristida stricta KW - seed set KW - USA, Florida KW - burning KW - management KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16918982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Seed+production+of+wiregrass+in+central+Florida+following+growing+season+prescribed+burns&rft.au=Outcalt%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Outcalt&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aristida stricta; USA, Florida; burning; management; seed set ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model accuracy in snowmelt-runoff forecasts extending from 1 to 20 days AN - 16918521; 3601707 AB - This paper examines the performance of snowmelt-runoff models in conditions approximating real-time forecast situations. These tests are one part of an intercomparison of models recently conducted by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Daily runoff from the Canadian snowmelt basin Illecillewaet (1155 km super(2), 509-3150 m a.s.l.) was forecast for 1 to 20 days ahead. The performance of models was better than in a previous WMO project, which dealt with runoff simulations from historical data, for the following reasons: (1) conditions for models were more favorable than a real-time forecast situation because measured input data and not meteorological forecast inputs were distributed to the modelers; (2) the selected test basin was relatively easy to handle and familiar from the previous WMO project; and (3) all kinds of updating were allowed so that some models even improved their accuracy towards longer forecast times. Based on this experience, a more realistic follow-up project can be imagined which would include temperature forecasts and quantitative precipitation forecasts instead of measured data. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Rango, A AU - Martinec, J AD - Hydrol. Lab., USDA/ARS/BARC-W, Build. 007, Rm. 104, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 463 EP - 470 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - forecasting KW - melt water KW - model studies KW - modelling KW - rainfall-runoff relationships KW - snowmelt KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Canada, British Columbia KW - hydrology KW - prediction KW - Freshwater KW - simulation KW - snow KW - runoff KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16918521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Model+accuracy+in+snowmelt-runoff+forecasts+extending+from+1+to+20+days&rft.au=Rango%2C+A%3BMartinec%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; runoff; melt water; snow; prediction; modelling; simulation; model studies; snowmelt; forecasting; rainfall-runoff relationships; Canada, British Columbia; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Markov-recapture population estimates: A tool for improving interpretation of trapping experiments AN - 16918080; 3597335 AB - This paper describes a method of population estimation in which a random, unknown number of individuals is marked using a self-marking bait station (a trap modified for mark and release); animals (both marked and unmarked) may then be captured in an otherwise identical trap, which is available simultaneously. The estimate of the unknown population size is based on the assumption of a closed population and a simple Markov model in which the rates of marking and capture are assumed to be equal. The population size estimator is based on the maximum likelihood technique, and is given by the next integer less than N = (C + R) super(2)/2(R + 1)' where R and C are, respectively, the numbers of marked and unmarked individuals found in the trap. The estimator is almost unbiased for a wide range of true population sizes, and over a wide range of times over which the experiment is run, although it becomes negatively biased when the mean number of recaptures is <5. Confidence limits may be obtained using asymptotic maximum likelihood arguments, although relative likelihood methods perform better when the number of recaptures is small. JF - Ecology AU - Wileyto, E P AU - Ewens, W J AU - Mullen, MA AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv. Stored Prod. Insects Res. and Dev. Lab., 3401 Edwin St., Savannah, GA 31405, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1109 EP - 1117 VL - 75 IS - 4 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - measuring techniques KW - population levels KW - trapping KW - capture-recapture studies KW - Insecta KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16918080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Markov-recapture+population+estimates%3A+A+tool+for+improving+interpretation+of+trapping+experiments&rft.au=Wileyto%2C+E+P%3BEwens%2C+W+J%3BMullen%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Wileyto&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; population levels; measuring techniques; capture-recapture studies; trapping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus nutrition and leaf age effects on sweetpotato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) host selection AN - 16917783; 3603940 AB - The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is a major agricultural pest, causing over $200 million damage to cotton alone in the United States in 1992. To understand sweetpotato whitefly feeding behavior, we examined the effects of phosphorus nutrition and leaf age on sweetpotato whitefly host selection. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings grown either hydroponically in growth chambers or in sand culture in the greenhouse were exposed to sweetpotato whitefly adults when two fully expanded true leaves were present. Phosphorus deficiency reduced oviposition on true leaves by 40% in the growth chamber, and by 38% on the youngest expanded leaf in the greenhouse, but had no effect on oviposition on cotyledons in either environment. When individual leaves from the greenhouse were analyzed, host acceptance was significantly correlated with low leaf sucrose concentration, but appeared to be unrelated to amino acid concentration or amino acid:sucrose ratio. This suggests that host selection was based on minimizing osmotic stress to the insect rather than on maximizing amino acid ingestion. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Skinner, R H AU - Cohen, A C AD - West. Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 693 EP - 698 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - phosphorus KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - leaf characters KW - nutrition KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - host selection KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16917783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+nutrition+and+leaf+age+effects+on+sweetpotato+whitefly+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+host+selection&rft.au=Skinner%2C+R+H%3BCohen%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; nutrition; leaf characters; host selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple method for monitoring dispersal of Heliothis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) backcross sterility genes AN - 16916967; 3606587 AB - Release of sterile backcross males from [Heliothis subflexa (F.) x H. virescens (Guenee) females x H. virescens males] has been suggested as a means of reducing populations of H. virescens. A simple method is needed to measure the persistence or dispersal of the backcross sterility genetic factors. Backcross male sterility is transmitted via maternal inheritance. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) also is inherited maternally; therefore, the mtDNA in the backcross is from H. subflexa. Several regions of the mtDNA were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then were cut with restriction enzymes to generate restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Differences between H. virescens and backcross mtDNA were observed for 16S (ribosomal DNA (rDNA)), 12S-16S rDNA, and the COI-COII (cytochrome oxidase) regions. This is attributed to species-specific differences between H. virescens mtDNA and H. subflexa mtDNA carried by the backcross. Therefore, mtDNA provides a convenient marker for tracking the progress of backcross sterility. Developmental stages from eggs through adults are suitable for use. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Roehrdanz, R L AD - Biosci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, PO Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 676 EP - 679 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - monitoring KW - gene flow KW - Heliothis KW - methodology KW - Lepidoptera KW - sterile-release KW - Noctuidae KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04710:Control KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16916967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Simple+method+for+monitoring+dispersal+of+Heliothis+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+backcross+sterility+genes&rft.au=Roehrdanz%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Roehrdanz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; methodology; monitoring; gene flow; sterile-release ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular gene cloning and nucleotide sequencing and construction of an aroA mutant of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 AN - 16916709; 3600842 AB - The aroA gene of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 was cloned by complementation of the aroA mutation in Escherichia coli K-12 strain AB2829. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.2-kb fragment encoding aroA predicted an open reading frame product 434 amino acids long that shows homology to other bacterial AroA proteins. Several strategies to inactivate aroA were unsuccessful. Gene replacement was finally achieved by constructing a replacement plasmid with aroA inactivated by insertion of a P. haemolytica ampicillin resistance fragment into a unique NdeI site in aroA. Allelic exchange between the replacement plasmid and the chromosome of P. haemolytica gave rise to an ampicillin-resistant mutant which grew on chemically defined P. haemolytica medium supplemented with aromatic amino acids but failed to grow on the same medium lacking tryptophan. Southern blot analysis confirmed that aroA of the mutant was inactivated and that the mutant was without a plasmid. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tatum, F M AU - Briggs, R E AU - Halling, S M AD - Brucellosis Res. Group, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Agric. Res. Cent., USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2011 EP - 2016 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - aroA gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning KW - genes KW - mutants KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - construction KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16916709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+gene+cloning+and+nucleotide+sequencing+and+construction+of+an+aroA+mutant+of+Pasteurella+haemolytica+serotype+A1&rft.au=Tatum%2C+F+M%3BBriggs%2C+R+E%3BHalling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Tatum&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella haemolytica; mutants; cloning; nucleotide sequence; construction; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of recapture patterns of marked and released Aedes vexans and Ae. melanimon (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Sacramento Valley of California AN - 16915803; 3601495 AB - Recapture patterns of Aedes vexans (Meigen) and Aedes melanimon Dyar were compared in a mark-release-recapture study conducted on the Colusa National Wildlife Refuge, Colusa County, California, from 15 August to 2 September 1988. The 2.0% recapture rate for Ae. vexans females was significantly greater than the 0.9% rate for Ae. melanimon females. Daily survivorship of 0.70 for Ae. vexans females was significantly lower than the 0.84 estimate for Ae. melanimon. The two species had different patterns of dispersal. On day 1, when the majority of marked females of both species were recaptured, the mean dispersal distance for Ae. vexans females was significantly greater than that for Ae. melanimon. The cumulative dispersal distance for Ae. vexans females decreased over the study period. In contrast, Ae. melanimon dispersal distances increased gradually over time. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Jensen, T AU - Washino, R K AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 607 EP - 610 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - capture-recapture-studies KW - Aedes melanimon KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aedes vexans KW - Culicidae KW - dispersal KW - USA, California KW - Diptera KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+recapture+patterns+of+marked+and+released+Aedes+vexans+and+Ae.+melanimon+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+in+the+Sacramento+Valley+of+California&rft.au=Jensen%2C+T%3BWashino%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aedes vexans; Diptera; Culicidae; USA, California; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interspecific and intraspecific larval competition between Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and Diabrotica barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 16915540; 3603928 AB - Intraspecific and interspecific competition among northern corn rootworms, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, and western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Densities of both species were varied on potted corn seedlings to determine the effects of competition on adult emergence. The results depended on the initial larval densities of the two species. Intraspecific and interspecific competition significantly affected in adult emergence of both species. Western corn rootworm adult emergence was influenced more by intraspecific competition than interspecific competition, but females were effected by northern corn rootworm densities. Northern corn rootworm was very sensitive to both intraspecific and interspecific competition. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Woodson, W D AD - North. Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, NPA, Rural Route #3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 612 EP - 616 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - larvae KW - interspecific relationships KW - intraspecific relationships KW - Diabrotica virgifera KW - competition KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Interspecific+and+intraspecific+larval+competition+between+Diabrotica+virgifera+virgifera+and+Diabrotica+barberi+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Woodson%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Woodson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica virgifera; Diabrotica barberi; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; competition; intraspecific relationships; interspecific relationships; larvae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of magnetic sector thermal ionization mass spectrometry to studies of erythrocyte iron incorporation in small children AN - 16915533; 157261 AB - The optimal evaluation of iron metabolism requires the administration of two isotopes of iron. However, high-precision measurement of isotopic ratios from blood samples obtained after administration of two stable isotopes of iron to human subjects has not previously been reported. Using a cation-exchange system to isolate iron from blood samples, we found that high-precision (<0.2%) measurements of super(58)Fe/ super(56)Fe and super(57)Fe/ super(56)Fe could be performed using magnetic sector thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Clinical studies in four 1-year-old infants showed that this technique could be used to demonstrate a lower rate of iron absorption in small children given an iron supplement ( super(57)Fe) with milk compared to those given iron ( super(58)Fe and ferrous sulfate) with ascorbic acid. This technique will enable the evaluation of iron metabolism in populations in whom the use of radioactive iron tracers is not appropriate. JF - Biological Mass Spectrometry AU - Abrams, Steven A AU - Wen, Jianping AU - O'Brien, Kimberly O AU - Stuff, Janice E AU - Liang, Lily K AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Cent, Houston, TX, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 771 EP - 775 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, CHICHESTER, (ENGL) VL - 23 IS - 12 SN - 1052-9306, 1052-9306 KW - Ferrous sulfate KW - Ion exchangers KW - Iron KW - Magnetic sector thermal ionization mass spectrometry KW - Precision measurement KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Blood KW - Isotopes KW - Absorption KW - Metabolism KW - W4 801.4:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 802.1:CHEMICAL PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Application+of+magnetic+sector+thermal+ionization+mass+spectrometry+to+studies+of+erythrocyte+iron+incorporation+in+small+children&rft.au=Abrams%2C+Steven+A%3BWen%2C+Jianping%3BO%27Brien%2C+Kimberly+O%3BStuff%2C+Janice+E%3BLiang%2C+Lily+K&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.issn=10529306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Isotopes; Absorption; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating mortality caused by parasites and diseases of insects: Comparisons of the dissection and rearing methods AN - 16915488; 3603925 AB - Because the measurement of insect mortality caused by parasites and disease is fundamental to biological control and related fields, accurate data are of great importance. Most studies rely on the rearing of hosts to determine the incidence of disease and parasitism, and the results are seldom compared with those determined by the dissection method. The examples in the current study show that parasitism measured by dissection was 12 to 44% higher than by rearing, and that dissections are much more accurate than rearing for measuring the effects of parasites and disease, because dissection data are not confounded by the disproportional mortality of parasitized hosts by disease and stress that occurs during the rearing process. Moreover, even parasitism data obtained by dissections underestimate mortality because a considerable proportion of hosts die of oviposition trauma, and in some species, after being fed upon by female parasites before they are sampled. The rearing method is useful for determining parasite species as well as other purposes, and these are listed along with the numerous advantages of dissections. Although dissections provide the most accurate mortality estimates, for the most comprehensive results, both rearing and dissection methods should be used concurrently. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Day, W H AD - Beneficial Insects Res. Lab., USDA, 501 S. Chapel St., Newark, DE 19713, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 543 EP - 550 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - parasites KW - dissection KW - diseases KW - methodology KW - mortality KW - rearing KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Estimating+mortality+caused+by+parasites+and+diseases+of+insects%3A+Comparisons+of+the+dissection+and+rearing+methods&rft.au=Day%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - diseases; parasites; mortality; rearing; dissection; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation between gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations by spectral color discrimination of head capsules AN - 16915284; 3593356 AB - Head capsules of 579 individuals from 28 different population of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were reliably classified with an analysis of their color spectrum. Based on 26 variables, derived from ) 17 million color combinations of red, green, and blue, a set of numeric characteristics permitted discrimination between gypsy moth populations from the former Soviet Union, the northeastern United States, and the laboratory. Discriminant analysis of color spectra also differentiated among laboratory families reared on the same diet as well as instars within the same family. The 26 variables, which were derived from a series of discriminant analyses and tested on head capsules from populations from Japan, China, Yugoslavia, and Maryland, provided separation as well as a high level of correct classification. This procedure may be useful when head capsule or other spectral data are used in studies of biocontrol, behavior, and population dynamics. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Wallner, W E AU - Grinberg, P S AU - Walton, G S AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Northeastern Cent. Forest Health Res., Hamden, CT 06514, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 659 EP - 664 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - body size KW - Lepidoptera KW - population differentiation KW - Lymantriidae KW - coloration KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - Z 05159:Adults KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25863:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Differentiation+between+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+populations+by+spectral+color+discrimination+of+head+capsules&rft.au=Wallner%2C+W+E%3BGrinberg%2C+P+S%3BWalton%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Wallner&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; coloration; body size; population differentiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of erosion and climate interactions on corn yield AN - 16915047; 3601161 AB - An accurate assessment of the impacts of soil erosion on corn production is needed for conservation and management programs. Climatic variability produces a range of crop yield responses on eroded and non-eroded soil profiles and often masks the long-term trends and differences. Short-term corn yield data from representative soils across the North Central region were supplemented with calculated yields from the NTRM model to develop long-term yield responses for the historical climate records at each of seven highly-managed rainfed sites across the region. Results showed that long-term average regional corn yields were reduced by 10% for severely eroded versus control plots. Till-derived soils showed yield reductions averaging 12%, while loess soils lost an average of 7%. Sensitivity runs with the NTRM model made after field validation with 119 plot-years of data suggested that changes in soil physical properties, especially plant-available water holding capacities, probably accounted for most of the yield differences. Mean growing season (May-September) precipitation across all sites for the short-term field study was 35.3 cm, compared with 36.3 cm for the long-term historical record. This resulted in a mean short-term corn yield reduction of 9% for severely eroded soils versus a reduction of 10% for the same soils based on long-term climate projections. However, the close agreement between the short- and long-term studies with regard to mean growing season precipitation and corresponding corn yields should not be used to make the general conclusion that 3 to 6 years is an adequate time period for field research on long-term crop response to eroded soil conditions. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Shaffer, MJ AU - Schumacher, TE AU - Ego, CL AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Res. Unit, Fed. Bldg., P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 272 EP - 275 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - NTRM model KW - cultivated lands KW - soil management KW - climatology KW - loess KW - corn KW - crop yield KW - climate KW - Zea mays KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - precipitation KW - soil erosion KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16915047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+erosion+and+climate+interactions+on+corn+yield&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+MJ%3BSchumacher%2C+TE%3BEgo%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; soil erosion; cultivated lands; agriculture; soil management; climatology; precipitation; loess; corn; crop yield; climate ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of bi-directional fay, omni-directional, CDC, and duplex cone traps for sampling adult Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in North Florida AN - 16914968; 3603938 AB - We compared the number of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti females collected in CDC, duplex cone, bi-directional Fay, and new omni-directional traps in a series of trials in northern Florida during 1992 and 1993. Bi-directional Fay and omni-directional traps collected significantly more Ae. albopictus females than did the other trap tested. The bi-directional Fay trap collected significantly more Ae. aegypti females than did any other trap. The results of these studies indicate that these traps may be useful tools for sampling Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti adults. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Jensen, T AU - Willis, O R AU - Fukuda, T AU - Barnard AD - USDA-ARS, Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab. P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 74 EP - 78 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aedes aegypti KW - population levels KW - USA, Florida KW - Culicidae KW - Aedes albopictus KW - sampling KW - traps KW - Diptera KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16914968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+bi-directional+fay%2C+omni-directional%2C+CDC%2C+and+duplex+cone+traps+for+sampling+adult+Aedes+albopictus+and+Aedes+aegypti+in+North+Florida&rft.au=Jensen%2C+T%3BWillis%2C+O+R%3BFukuda%2C+T%3BBarnard&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aedes albopictus; Aedes aegypti; Culicidae; Diptera; USA, Florida; sampling; traps; population levels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro proliferation and production of gamma interferon by murine CD4 super(+) cells in response to Cryptosporidium parvum antigen AN - 16912471; 3599388 AB - Spleen cells from mice immunized with Cryptosporidium parvum were enriched for T cells by passage over an affinity chromatography column. The proliferative response of these cells was > 2-fold higher than the response of unenriched cells. T-enriched cells were enriched further for either CD4 super(+) cells or CD8 super(+) cells. The proliferative response of CD4-enriched cells was > 4-fold higher than the response by unenriched cells. CD8 super(+) cells were essentially nonresponsive to C. parvum antigen. Culture supernatant fractions from these variously enriched splenocyte populations were assayed for cytokine production. Cultures containing CD4 super(+) cells produced gamma interferon and interleukin-2 following incubation with C. parvum antigen. None of the cultures produced interleukin-4. Production of gamma interferon and interleukin-2, but not interleukin-4, is characteristic of the previously described Th1 helper cell subset. Our data indicate that a subset of murine lymphocytes consistent with the Th1 helper cell phenotype proliferates following in vitro stimulation with C. parvum antigen. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Harp, JA AU - Whitmire, WM AU - Sacco, R AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Metab. Dis. and Immunol. Res. Unit, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 67 EP - 72 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - CD4 antigen KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - helper cells KW - in vitro KW - production KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - lymphocytes T KW - gamma -interferon KW - antigens KW - K 03086:Immunology & vaccination KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16912471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+proliferation+and+production+of+gamma+interferon+by+murine+CD4+super%28%2B%29+cells+in+response+to+Cryptosporidium+parvum+antigen&rft.au=Harp%2C+JA%3BWhitmire%2C+WM%3BSacco%2C+R&rft.aulast=Harp&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidium parvum; gamma -interferon; production; in vitro; antigens; lymphocytes T; helper cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of a diallel cross to estimate effects of crossing on performance of red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii AN - 16912255; 3593056 AB - A complete diallel cross among three populations of red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii, was used to estimate genetic effects for body size traits and dressout percentage. Offspring were grown in 2.4-meter diameter fiberglas pools with rice as forage. Crawfish were harvested after 150 days, sorted by sex and male maturity stage, and measured for dressout percentage and nine body size traits. Estimates of heterosis, line, maternal, reciprocal effects and general combining ability for traits were obtained by forming contrasts among appropriate least squares means. Estimates were made for all animals combined and for mature males, immature males, and females separately. Significant (P < 0.05) heterosis and line effects for dressout percentage indicate identification of strains with higher dressout percentage may be possible. Significant (P < 0.05) maternal effects for body size traits of females and mature males suggest a difference in egg size, egg quality or cytoplasmic inheritance among populations. JF - Aquaculture AU - Bosworth, B G AU - Wolters, W R AU - Saxton, A M AD - USDA/ARS Catfish Genet. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 301 EP - 312 VL - 121 IS - 4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - crayfish culture KW - diallel cross analysis KW - dressout percentage KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Genetics Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Procambarus clarkii KW - genetics KW - body size KW - Freshwater KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - G 07290:Population genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16912255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+a+diallel+cross+to+estimate+effects+of+crossing+on+performance+of+red+swamp+crawfish%2C+Procambarus+clarkii&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+B+G%3BWolters%2C+W+R%3BSaxton%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetics; crayfish culture; body size; Procambarus clarkii; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field applications of Beauveria bassiana for control of the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AN - 16911241; 3600553 AB - A Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin isolate (Bb447), recovered from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, in Brazil was applied to fire ant mounds in Florida pastures. Rice with Bb447 applied to the tops of mounds resulted in a maximum infection of 55% of the live ants sampled; 70% of the treated mounds remained active or formed active new mounds within 8 wk. Injections of conidial powder formulations of Bb447 in late fall and early summer resulted in peak infections of 60 and 52% of live ants sampled, respectively. All of the injected mounds remained active or formed active new mounds within 8 wk after treatment. Injection of Bb447 mixed with a hydrophobic silica carrier resulted in a 52% reduction in active mounds. Injection of the silica carrier alone resulted in a 41% reduction. Foraging by the red imported fire ant was reduced significantly in areas within which mounds were injected with fungal formulations, whereas foraging by other ant species increased in these areas. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Oi, D H AU - Pereira, R M AU - Stimac, J L AU - Wood, LA AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 623 EP - 630 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Formicidae KW - pathogens KW - pest control KW - Hymenoptera KW - pesticide applications KW - biological control KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16911241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Field+applications+of+Beauveria+bassiana+for+control+of+the+red+imported+fire+ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=Oi%2C+D+H%3BPereira%2C+R+M%3BStimac%2C+J+L%3BWood%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Oi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beauveria bassiana; Solenopsis invicta; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; pesticide applications; pest control; pathogens; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal aspects of sperm transfer and spermatophore condition in Mexican rice borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 16909584; 3600955 AB - Sperm transfer and spermatophore disintegration in females and duplex refilling in males of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), were examined by freezing moths at time intervals after mating. Eupyrene sperm location and spermatophore condition in female moths changed with time after mating. Sperm transferred from the spermatophore to the spermatheca between 6 and 8 h after mating. Spermatophores passed through several stages of disintegration and were completely disintegrated after 72 to 96 h. Stages of spermatophore disintegration are described and can be used to estimate time since females have mated. Numbers of sperm bundles in male duplexes increased with increasing time after mating but were too variable to be of practical use in assessing mating status. The best indicator of male mating status was duplex condition (color). Duplex condition can be used to determine mating status for ) 6 h after mating, although estimates using this criterion will be slight underestimates of actual mating activity. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Raulston, J R AU - Lingren, P D AU - Shaver, T N AU - Proshold, F I AU - Gillespie, J M AD - Crop Insects Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 371 EP - 376 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Eoreuma loftini KW - Lepidoptera KW - temporal variations KW - reproductive behavior KW - breeding status KW - spermatozoa KW - spermatophores KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16909584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Temporal+aspects+of+sperm+transfer+and+spermatophore+condition+in+Mexican+rice+borers+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+D+W%3BRaulston%2C+J+R%3BLingren%2C+P+D%3BShaver%2C+T+N%3BProshold%2C+F+I%3BGillespie%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eoreuma loftini; Pyralidae; Lepidoptera; reproductive behavior; temporal variations; spermatozoa; spermatophores; breeding status ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flight orientation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and D. barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) at habitat interfaces AN - 16908970; 3592439 AB - The short-range flight orientation behavior of adult western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, and adult northern corn rootworms, D. barberi (Smith & Lawrence), was observed within plots of corn, Zea mays L. and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., and at the interface between corn and other crop and noncrop habitats. The direction of flight was random within corn and soybeans, but at the interface between early- and late-planted corn, beetles of both species generally oriented more toward flowering corn than vegetative or post-flowering corn. Beetles also oriented toward corn rather than soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.) mixed with weeds, independent of the developmental stage of the corn. In general, flight orientation behavior did not differ with sex, and flight direction was not modified by wind or the presence of the observer. It appears that, although movement within a homogeneous habitat is random, movement at the boundaries of dissimilar habitats is nonrandom. This behavior should be considered in the development of models for predicting large-scale dispersal of these insects within the corn ecosystem. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Naranjo, SE AD - North. Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, RR 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 383 EP - 394 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - orientation KW - Coleoptera KW - ecotones KW - Diabrotica KW - flight activity KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16908970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Flight+orientation+of+Diabrotica+virgifera+virgifera+and+D.+barberi+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+at+habitat+interfaces&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; ecotones; flight activity; orientation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and application of a hive-mounted device that uses honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to disseminate Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus AN - 16908247; 3603825 AB - The honey bee, Apis mellifera L., is a highly efficient forager on numerous flowering plants that host phytophagous insect pests. Because of these associations, honey bees theoretically provide an economical and nonintrusive means of conveying biorational mortality agents against pest species. This hypothesis was tested during April 1989 by employing a specially designed plexiglass and sheet metal applicator that causes honey bees to disseminate a talc formulation of Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HNPV) into fields of crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L. The device when integrated into a specifically designed substructure of a conventional beehive provided separate entry and departure pathways for honey bees, which allowed bees to be surface-contaminated with the HNPV formulation as they exited the hive. The mean percentage of HNPV-induced mortality was significantly higher among Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) larvae that fed on clover heads from fields foraged by HNPV-contaminated A. mellifera and among Heliothis or Helicoverpa spp. larvae collected from those fields than among similarly exposed control larvae. HNPV in honey collected from treatment hives and stored at 26 plus or minus 1 degree C in total darkness remained active for at least 170 d. The extent to which the technology for using A. mellifera to disseminate insect pathogens is applicable for pest control will depend on an improved understanding of the interrelationships among A. mellifera, flowering plants on which they forage, targeted phytophages which reside on the plants, and the availability of pathogens which attack the phytophages. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Gross, H R AU - Hamm, J J AU - Carpenter, JE AD - Insect Biol. and Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 492 EP - 501 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - hives KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - biological control KW - disease transmission KW - Heliothis KW - methodology KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16908247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Design+and+application+of+a+hive-mounted+device+that+uses+honey+bees+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+to+disseminate+Heliothis+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus&rft.au=Gross%2C+H+R%3BHamm%2C+J+J%3BCarpenter%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Heliothis; Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; methodology; disease transmission; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overwintering and establishment potential of Bagous affinis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) in northern California AN - 16908136; 3598949 AB - Bagous affinis Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has potential as a biological control agent for subterranean turions (also called tubers) of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle; Hydrocharitaceae). The ability of B. affinis to overwinter and establish was investigated at 2 sites in northern California; a pond in Calaveras County and the Chowchilla River in Madera County. In cage studies conducted at the pond, B. affinis survived the winter for 2 seasons. After releases at the pond, B. affinis successfully reproduced and survived during the summer of 1992. Weevil larvae had damaged both sentinel and native tubers at the site. In the spring, following the release of B. affinis at the pond, a light trap and baited shelter traps were used to detect weevils that had overwintered naturally at the site. No weevils were recovered. At the Chowchilla River site, B. affinis failed to establish, possibly due to a lack of tubers in the section of the river where the releases were made. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Godfrey, KE AU - Anderson, LWJ AU - Perry, S D AU - Dechoretz, N AD - USDA, ARS, Aquat. Weed Control Res. Lab., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 221 EP - 230 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - aquatic insects KW - freshwater weeds KW - plant control KW - population establishment KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - Freshwater KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - ponds KW - Curculionidae KW - USA, California KW - Bagous affinis KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16908136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Overwintering+and+establishment+potential+of+Bagous+affinis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+on+Hydrilla+verticillata+%28Hydrocharitaceae%29+in+northern+California&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+KE%3BAnderson%2C+LWJ%3BPerry%2C+S+D%3BDechoretz%2C+N&rft.aulast=Godfrey&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ponds; biological control; plant control; aquatic insects; freshwater weeds; population establishment; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Bagous affinis; Hydrilla verticillata; USA, California; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying an empirical model of stomatal conductance to three C-4 grasses AN - 16906135; 3591820 AB - An empirical equation for stomatal conductance has been developed. The equation is based on a linear index, which was modified to represent nonlinear independent effects of CO sub(2) flux and water vapor pressure deficit. The equation was applied to data from caucasian bluestem (Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubb.) and two accessions of Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.), measuring responses of leaves of the three grasses to wide ranges of environmental conditions. The equation accurately predicts stomatal conductance in these C-4 grasses, but requires measured photosynthesis as an input variable. Dependence on only environmental inputs was achieved by including the equation as the conductance submodel in a complete leaf gas exchange model, along with a photosynthesis submodel derived from a biochemically based model. This simplified submodel also describes the data well, as does the integrated model. Comparisons of model results and derived parameter values indicate important differences among gas exchange properties of the three grasses. Implementation details of the model are discussed, along with approaches for adapting it for simulating interleaf variability, water stress effects, and patchy stomatal function. JF - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Dougherty, R L AU - Bradford, JA AU - Coyne, P I AU - Sims, P L AD - Southern Plains Range Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, 2000 18th St., Woodward, OK 73801, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 269 EP - 290 VL - 67 IS - 3-4 SN - 0168-1923, 0168-1923 KW - Bothriochloa caucasia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - conductance KW - stomata KW - Tripsacum dactyloides KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16906135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Applying+an+empirical+model+of+stomatal+conductance+to+three+C-4+grasses&rft.au=Dougherty%2C+R+L%3BBradford%2C+JA%3BCoyne%2C+P+I%3BSims%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=01681923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tripsacum dactyloides; stomata; conductance; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compatible and incompatible responses in alfalfa cotyledons to races 1 and 2 of Colletotrichum trifolii AN - 16905200; 3592152 AB - Specific race interactions between Colletotrichum trifolii and cultivars of resistant and susceptible alfalfa were examined in nonwounded excised cotyledons. Cotyledons in incompatible and compatible interactions exhibited visible differential reactions within 7-10 days after inoculation. C. trifolii infected alfalfa by directly penetrating the epidermis via a penetration peg from the appressorium. Appressoria matured within 20 h on resistant and susceptible cotyledons, but primary hyphae did not develop on resistant cotyledons. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the pterocarpan phytoalexin medicarpin began to increase in resistant tissues after 24 h. Cotyledon tissues apparently became resistant prior to significant increases in medicarpin. Medicarpin concentration in resistant cultivars was highest at 72 h and declined to baseline levels by 120 h. Secondary spores were produced in susceptible tissues after 96 h. Cotyledons appear to be ideal tissues to use in investigations of defense expression in the anthracnose disease of alfalfa. JF - Phytopathology AU - O'Neill, N R AU - Saunders, JA AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 283 EP - 287 VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cotyledons KW - infection KW - Medicago sativa KW - Colletotrichum trifolii KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16905200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Compatible+and+incompatible+responses+in+alfalfa+cotyledons+to+races+1+and+2+of+Colletotrichum+trifolii&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+N+R%3BSaunders%2C+JA&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum trifolii; Medicago sativa; infection; cotyledons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative reproduction and nonparasitic development of Boophilus microplus and hybridized Boophilus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) under natural field conditions in subtropical South Texas AN - 16904351; 3595880 AB - The reproductive biology and nonparasitic development of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) and hybridized Boophilus ticks (B. annulatus (Say) male x B. microplus female) held under natural field conditions in south Texas throughout the year were compared. Comparisons between the two types of ticks indicated that the ovipositional biology (percentage of ovipositing females and number of eggs laid) of the females favored hybrid ticks during some months and B. microplus ticks during other months. However, on a yearlong basis, there was virtually no difference in the percentage of ovipositing females or in the number of eggs deposited by hybrid females as compared to B. microplus. The duration of each nonparasitic development period (preoviposition period, incubation period of eggs, and larval longevity) showed that both types of ticks had very similar developmental and survival rates during the year. Generally the difference in duration of each of the nonparasitic parameters was < 8 days, leading to a high degree of synchrony of the nonparasitic developmental rates between the two types of ticks. On the other hand, egg hatchability of hybrid ticks was consistently lower than pure-strain B. microplus throughout the year with significantly lower hatch rates occuring in April, July, August, October, and November. Thus, results obtained on percentage of ovipositing females, number of eggs laid, preoviposition period, incubation period of eggs, and larval longevity provide positive encouragement for the possible use of sterile hybrid males as a means of eliminating a native B. microplus population. In contrast, results of the egg hatchability of the two types of ticks indicate that the selective advantage afforded to B. microplus could have an adverse affect on the success of a sterile hybrid male program by making the number of hybrid ticks necessary to eliminate a native population prohibitively high. JF - Experimental and Applied Acarology AU - Davey, R B AU - Pound, J M AU - Cooksey, L M AD - USDA-ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res. Lab., P.O. Box 969, Mission, TX 78572, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 185 EP - 200 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0168-8162, 0168-8162 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Ixodidae KW - reproduction KW - Boophilus KW - USA, Texas KW - Acari KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04660:Arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16904351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+and+Applied+Acarology&rft.atitle=Comparative+reproduction+and+nonparasitic+development+of+Boophilus+microplus+and+hybridized+Boophilus+ticks+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+under+natural+field+conditions+in+subtropical+South+Texas&rft.au=Davey%2C+R+B%3BPound%2C+J+M%3BCooksey%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+and+Applied+Acarology&rft.issn=01688162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boophilus; Acari; Ixodidae; USA, Texas; reproduction; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A risk analysis model for experimental veterinary vaccines. A new way of analyzing risk is now available on disk AN - 16903520; 3595332 JF - Bio/Technology (new title: Nature Biotechnology?) AU - Gay, C G AD - Biotechnol. Sect. Vet. Biol., Biol. Environ. Prot., Anim. Plant Health Insp. Serv., USDA, 6505 Belcrest Rd., Rm. 838, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 826 EP - 827 VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 0733-222X, 0733-222X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - models KW - computer programs KW - veterinary medicine KW - vaccines KW - risk assessment KW - A 01096:General KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16903520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.atitle=A+risk+analysis+model+for+experimental+veterinary+vaccines.+A+new+way+of+analyzing+risk+is+now+available+on+disk&rft.au=Gay%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.issn=0733222X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; models; vaccines; veterinary medicine; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diurnal trends in wheat canopy temperature, photosynthesis, and evapotranspiration AN - 16900805; 147407 AB - Canopy temperature, canopy photosynthesis and evapotranspiration of spring wheat irrigated at two levels were measured. The canopy was enclosed by a portable field chamber, CO sub(2) and water vapor concentrations were measured by a gas analyzer operated in differential mode. Canopy temperature was measured with an infra red thermometer mounted on the outside front corner of the chamber CT were also measured from a fixed infrared thermometer at the weather station and low flying aircraft. Diurnal measurements obtained from fully irrigated and deficit-irrigated plots were compared. The differences in ET and CT of the plots were determined. The cumulative daytime photosynthesis of irrigated and deficit-irrigated plots were evaluated with respect to CER, ET values were estimated. Diurnal trends in CT and ET were used to associate the irrigated and deficit irrigated plots. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Reicosky, D C AU - Brown, P W AU - Moran AD - USDA-ARS-MWA, Morris, MN, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 235 EP - 245 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Calibration KW - Canopy photosynthesis KW - Carbon diode exchange rate KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Diurnal measurements KW - Infrared thermometer KW - Microwave measurement KW - Optical variables measurement KW - Plants (botany) KW - Temperature measurement KW - Thermometers KW - Wheat canopy temperature KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Photosynthesis KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Satellites KW - Crops KW - EE 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - EE 454.1:ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GENERAL) KW - W4 942.2:ELECTRIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 944.6:TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - EE 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - EE 944.6:TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 454.1:ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GENERAL) KW - EE 942.2:ELECTRIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16900805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Diurnal+trends+in+wheat+canopy+temperature%2C+photosynthesis%2C+and+evapotranspiration&rft.au=Reicosky%2C+D+C%3BBrown%2C+P+W%3BMoran&rft.aulast=Reicosky&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photosynthesis; Thermometers; Evapotranspiration; Satellites; Crops; Carbon dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical properties of a clayey coastal plain soil as affected by tillage AN - 16900460; 3590016 AB - A 4-year study was conducted to determine the effects of different tillage systems on physical properties of a clayey Coastal Plain soil. The systems no-till (NT), fall moldboard plow-spring disk harrow (MB), and fall chisel plow-spring disk harrow (CP) were used in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), summer grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) rotation on a Greenville sandy clay loam. Bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil moisture retention were determined on soil samples collected from the no traffic interrow areas of plots used concurrently for a rainfall simulator study of surface runoff and N movement. Examination of changes in the physical properties of the top soil zone (2.5-10.1 cm) showed that, after 1-1/2 years of tillage treatment and thereafter, the NT soil was different from the other two treatments. The NT top soil zone had significantly greater bulk density, lower saturated hydraulic conductivity, and held more water than the same soil zone on the other two treatments. Without tillage, the top soil zone of the interrow areas of this sandy clay loam soil hence was denser, harder, and had more smaller sized pores than the same zone on the other two treatments. A final sampling using soil pits showed the NT treatment to be denser and have lower saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 15-38 cm depth zone. The NT had greater soil moisture retention than the other two treatments at depths greater than 30 cm. Rainfall simulator work on these same treatments showed greater infiltration into and less surface runoff from the NT treatment than for the other treatments. With greater water-holding capacity, less surface runoff and more water infiltrating during rainfall events, and reduced evapotranspiration from under the mulch layer, as indicated by observed greater soil surface moisture contents, the NT treatment on this soil was beneficial to soil erosion protection and promoted increased crop production. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Hargrove, W L AU - Lowrance, R R AU - Williams, R G AU - Mullinix, B G AD - USDA-ARS, S.E. Waters. Res. Lab., Tifton GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 276 EP - 283 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - field tests KW - soil horizons KW - clays KW - rainfall simulators KW - soil properties KW - erosion control KW - infiltration KW - permeability coefficient KW - evapotranspiration KW - coastal plains KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16900460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Physical+properties+of+a+clayey+coastal+plain+soil+as+affected+by+tillage&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BHargrove%2C+W+L%3BLowrance%2C+R+R%3BWilliams%2C+R+G%3BMullinix%2C+B+G&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; coastal plains; clays; soil horizons; permeability coefficient; field tests; rainfall simulators; evapotranspiration; infiltration; erosion control; soil properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secondary chemistry of the leaf surface of Flourensia cernua AN - 16899281; 3590908 AB - Epicuticular wax accounted for 9.2% of the dry wt. of whole Flourensia cernua (tarbush) leaves. Leaf surface extracts of tarbush were analyzed for mono- and sesquiterpenoids with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Camphene, beta -myrcene, 3-carene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, borneol, cis-jasmone, beta -caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and globulol were consistently present on the leaf surface of tarbush. Concentrations of several unidentified compounds were estimated. A great deal of plant-to-plant variability was detected in leaf surface mono- and sesquiterpenoid concentration. Information obtained on surface chemistry might be exploited to enhance the use of tarbush as a forage for domestic herbivores. JF - Biochemical Systematics and Ecology AU - Estell, R E AU - Havstad, K M AU - Fredrickson, EL AU - Gardea-Torresdey, J L AD - USDA-ARS-Jornada Exp. Range, Box 30003-Dep. 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 73 EP - 77 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0305-1978, 0305-1978 KW - Fluorensia cernua KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - chemical composition KW - leaves KW - surface area KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16899281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Secondary+chemistry+of+the+leaf+surface+of+Flourensia+cernua&rft.au=Estell%2C+R+E%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BFredrickson%2C+EL%3BGardea-Torresdey%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Estell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.issn=03051978&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - leaves; surface area; chemical composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photosynthesis, water relations, and growth of planted Pinus strobus L. on burned sites in the southern Appalachians AN - 16899240; 3590563 AB - We measured net photosynthesis, leaf conductance, xylem water potential, and growth of Pinus strobus L. seedlings two years after planting on two clear-cut and burned sites in the southern Appalachians. Multiple regression analysis was used to relate seedling net photosynthesis to vapor pressure deficit, seedling crown temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), needle N, xylem water potential, and soil water, and to relate seedling size and growth to physiological measurements (average net photosynthesis, leaf conductance, and cumulative xylem water potential), soil water, needle N, seedling temperature, and PAR. Seedling net photosynthesis was significantly related to vapor pressure deficit, midday water potential, crown temperature, and PAR (r super(2) = 0.70) early in the growing season (May 1992) with vapor pressure deficit alone explaining 42% of the variation. As neighboring vegetation developed, light became more limiting and significantly reduced seedling net photosynthesis later in the growing season (July, August, and September). Final seedling diameter was significantly related to competitor biomass, average photosynthetic rate, and needle N (r super(2) = 0.68). JF - Tree Physiology AU - Elliott, K J AU - Vose, J M AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Coweeta Hydrol. Lab., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 439 EP - 454 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - burnt ground KW - USA, Appalachian Mts. KW - Pinus strobus KW - water relations KW - growth KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16899240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Photosynthesis%2C+water+relations%2C+and+growth+of+planted+Pinus+strobus+L.+on+burned+sites+in+the+southern+Appalachians&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BVose%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus strobus; USA, Appalachian Mts.; photosynthesis; water relations; growth; burnt ground ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and reproduction of stored-product beetles on seeds cached by a desert rodent and by native Americans AN - 16897172; 3582728 AB - We examined the survival and reproduction of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), on seed diets of 16 plants from desert habitats in Arizona. Some of these desert seeds are harvested, stored, and eventually eaten by the banner-tailed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis, or by native American Indians. Seed diets were also prepared from cultivated cereals (e.g., Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays) that become infested with stored-product beetles in grain stores. Few or no adult beetles remained alive after 30 d on diets of intact seeds of a majority of the native plants we tested. Beetle survival was high, with numerous larvae and pupae, on intact seeds of cultivated barley, wheat, or maize. When flour diets were prepared from desert seeds, several also failed to support beetle populations, including species stored by kangaroo rats and native Americans (e.g., Prosopis juliflora and Monolepis nuttaliana). These results help to explain the absence of stored-product beetles in seed stores recovered from kangaroo rat burrows in Arizona. With T. castaneum, the nutritive value of flour prepared from Panicum sonorum, a seed eaten by native Americans, greatly exceeded that of any cultivated cereal we tested. Desert seeds stored by kangaroo rats or native Americans may be sources of safe antiinsectan natural compounds and other novel gene products to be used in protecting cultivated cereals from insect pests while having no or low toxic effects on vertebrates. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Wicklow, D T AU - McAlpin, CE AU - Nelsen, T C AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 414 EP - 419 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - reproduction KW - deserts KW - Tenebrionidae KW - stored products KW - USA, Arizona KW - seeds KW - survival KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16897172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Survival+and+reproduction+of+stored-product+beetles+on+seeds+cached+by+a+desert+rodent+and+by+native+Americans&rft.au=Wicklow%2C+D+T%3BMcAlpin%2C+CE%3BNelsen%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Wicklow&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tenebrionidae; Coleoptera; USA, Arizona; survival; reproduction; stored products; seeds; deserts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct assessment of symbiotically fixed nitrogen in the rhizosphere of alfalfa AN - 16896361; 3589506 AB - Rhizodeposition has been proposed as one mechanism for the accumulation of significant amounts of N in soil during legume growth. The objective of this experiment was to directly quantify losses of symbiotically fixed N from living alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) roots to the rhizosphere. We used super(15)N-labeled N sub(2) gas to tag recently fixed N in three alfalfa lines [cv. Saranac, Ineffective Saranac (an ineffectively nodulated line), and an unnamed line in early stages of selection for apparent N excretion] growing in 1-m long polyvinylchloride drainage lysimeters in loamy sand soil in a greenhouse. Plants were in the late vegetative to flowering growth stage during the 2-day labelling period. We determined the fate of this fixed N in various plant organs and soil after a short equilibration period (2 to 4 days) and after one regrowth period (35 to 37 days). Extrapolated N sub(2) fixation rates (46 to 77 mu g plant super(-1) h super(-1)) were similar to rates others have measured in the field. Although there was significant accretion of total N in rhizosphere compared to bulk soil, less than 1% was derived from newly fixed N and there were no differences between the 'excreting' line and Saranac. Loss of N in percolate water was small. These results provide the first direct evidence that little net loss of symbiotically-fixed N occurs from living alfalfa roots into surrounding soil. In addition, these results confirm our earlier findings, which depended on indirect super(15)N labelling techniques. Net N accumulation in soil during alfalfa growth is likely due to other processes, such as decomposition of roots, nodules, and above ground litter, rather than to N excretion from living roots and nodules. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Russelle, M P AU - Allan, D L AU - Gourley, CJP AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., 439 Borlaug Hall, Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-6028, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 233 EP - 243 VL - 159 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - symbionts KW - rhizosphere KW - nitrogen fixation KW - Medicago sativa KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16896361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Direct+assessment+of+symbiotically+fixed+nitrogen+in+the+rhizosphere+of+alfalfa&rft.au=Russelle%2C+M+P%3BAllan%2C+D+L%3BGourley%2C+CJP&rft.aulast=Russelle&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; rhizosphere; nitrogen fixation; symbionts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of fungal pathogens (imperfect fungi: Hyphomycetes) to pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) AN - 16896340; 3588458 AB - Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, M. flavoviride (Gams & Rozsypal), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wise) Brown & Smith, and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas were evaluated for pathogenicity and virulence to pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), nymphs using a detached-leaf bioassay. Isolates within B. bassiana and P. fumosoroseus were also compared. Conidia suspended in water were applied to first and second instars at various concentrations and evaluated 3, 5, and 7 d after application. All of the fungal isolates tested were pathogenic to pear psylla nymphs. B. bassiana, P. farinosus, and V. lecanii were significantly more virulent than the Metarhizium spp. (mortality range, 92.5-99.6% versus 42.3-54.7%, respectively, on 7 d at 10 super(7) conidia/ml). Similarly, the LC sub(50)s did not significantly differ for all isolates except the Metharhizium spp. and ranged between 1.4 x 10 super(2) - 2.0 x 10 super(4) conidia/ml on 7 d. Metarhizium spp. had significantly lower LC sub(50)s than the other isolates, that ranged from 2.3 x 10 super(7) - 11.7 x 10 super(10) conidia/ml on 7 d. The fastest acting isolate when applied at 10 super(7) conidia/ml was P. fumosoroseus ARSEF #2658 with an LC sub(50) of 1.8d, which was significantly higher than other isolates except B. bassiana. The LC sub(50) could not be calculated for M. anisopliae because percent mortality did not increase with time. Based on LC sub(50), LT sub(50), and percent mortality comparisons, P. fumosoroseus ARSEF #2658 was the most virulent fungal isolate followed by B. bassiana ARSEF #2860. The potential of these isolates as mycoinsecticides for the control of pear psylla nymphs in orchards is discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Puterka, G J AU - Humber, R A AU - Poprawski, T J AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Dr., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 514 EP - 520 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - fungi KW - Psyllidae KW - pathogenicity KW - Homoptera KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - D 04710:Control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16896340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+fungal+pathogens+%28imperfect+fungi%3A+Hyphomycetes%29+to+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29&rft.au=Puterka%2C+G+J%3BHumber%2C+R+A%3BPoprawski%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Puterka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungi; biological control; pathogenicity; Psyllidae; Homoptera; Cacopsylla pyricola ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutralization of antimicrobial chemicals by recovery media AN - 16895982; 3588896 AB - The ability to neutralize a variety of antimicrobial agents by commercially prepared Dey and Engley (D/E) Neutralizing broth and the solid medium with a 2% agar was tested against the broth and the agar formulations of Letheen (LT) and Standard Methods (SM) medium. Paper disc assay of aqueous solutions of 1:50 phenol, 1:750 benzalkonium chloride (Zephiran registered ), 1:100 alkalinized glutaraldehyde (Cidex registered , 1:128 phenol (Mikro-Bac registered ), 1:128 quaternary ammonium compound (Mikro-Quat registered ) and tinctures of 1:1000 mercuric chloride (Merthiolate registered ) and 1:50 iodine did not inhibit Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 growth on D/E agar. Except for 1:100 phenol and 1:128 Mikro-Bac on LT, all agents inhibited organism growth on LT and SM agar. In the presence of all test agents all test organisms grew in D/E broth. Except for 1:100 phenol and 1:128 Mikro-Bac in LT broth, all agents inhibited growth of test organisms in LT and SM broth. The recovery of viable organisms unable to grow in LT broth in the presence of test agents was better with D/E Agar than with LT and SM Agar. Both formulations of D/E medium show promise for studying and evaluating known and unknown compounds, mixtures and formulations of antimicrobial chemicals. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Dey, B P AU - Engley, FB Jr AD - USDA, FSIS, S & T, Building 322, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 51 EP - 58 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - media(culture) KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - neutralization KW - antimicrobial agents KW - evaluation KW - A 01069:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16895982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Neutralization+of+antimicrobial+chemicals+by+recovery+media&rft.au=Dey%2C+B+P%3BEngley%2C+FB+Jr&rft.aulast=Dey&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antimicrobial agents; neutralization; evaluation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of agar gel immunodiffusion serology using caprine and ovine lentiviral antigens for detection of antibody to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus AN - 16895504; 3583044 AB - The sensitivity of the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for the detection of antibody to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was investigated with CAEV or ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) as the source of antigen. A total of 218 goat serum specimens were tested for anti-CAEV antibody by AGID and immunoprecipitation of [ super(35)S]methionine-labeled CAEV. In comparison with that of immunoprecipitation, the sensitivity of the CAEV AGID test was 0.91, and that of the OPPV AGID test was 0.56. The AGID test with either antigen was 100% specific. The lower sensitivity of the OPPV AGID test in detecting caprine antibody to CAEV indicates that OPPV antigen is of limited value for use in CAEV diagnosis and control programs. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Knowles, DP Jr AU - Evermann, J F AU - Shropshire, C AU - VanderSchalie, J AU - Bradway, D AU - Gezon, H M AU - Cheevers, W P AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Vet. Microbiol. and Pathol., Coll. Vet. Med., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-7030, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 243 EP - 245 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus KW - goats KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - antibodies KW - agar KW - gels KW - detection KW - immunodiffusion KW - antigens KW - V 22099:Immune response & immune mechanisms KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16895504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+agar+gel+immunodiffusion+serology+using+caprine+and+ovine+lentiviral+antigens+for+detection+of+antibody+to+caprine+arthritis-encephalitis+virus&rft.au=Knowles%2C+DP+Jr%3BEvermann%2C+J+F%3BShropshire%2C+C%3BVanderSchalie%2C+J%3BBradway%2C+D%3BGezon%2C+H+M%3BCheevers%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=DP&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antigens; agar; gels; immunodiffusion; antibodies; detection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decontamination of poultry skin by sonication AN - 16894992; 3802442 AB - Enteropathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Campylobacter are the cause of foodborne illness in man. These microorganisms have long been associated with poultry and poultry products. One of the top priorities of regulatory agencies, the poultry industry, and consumers is to reduce the incidence and/or level of enteropathogens on processed poultry. Present production practices do not result in Salmonella and Campylobacter-free birds. Lillard (1989a) showed that bacteria are firmly attached to poultry skin when they first arrive at the processing plant. The final step in processing broilers is the immersion chill tank, where fully processed birds are chilled to the requisite temperature. The chill tank was shown to be the point in the processing plant most conducive to cross-contamination with salmonellae (Lillard, 1990). This article will discuss the potential use of ultrasonics to reduce bacteria on poultry carcasses. JF - Food Technology AU - Lillard, H S AD - Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 72 EP - 79 VL - 48 IS - 12 SN - 0015-6639, 0015-6639 KW - sonication KW - poultry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - food contamination KW - decontamination KW - Campylobacter KW - Salmonella KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16894992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Technology&rft.atitle=Decontamination+of+poultry+skin+by+sonication&rft.au=Lillard%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Lillard&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Technology&rft.issn=00156639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Campylobacter; decontamination; food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stronger seafood safety rules proposed AN - 16894985; 3588007 AB - A recently announced plan for a nationally mandated seafood safety system is designed to enhance consumer confidence in the safety of seafood products as well as strengthen standards. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is making changes in the way seafood--fish, shellfish, and mollusks--is handled and inspected through-out production and marketing system. While the new food safety initiative is aimed primarily at seafood processors, the proposed rules apply to almost every sector of the industry, including packers, wholesalers, and importers. Fishermen or aquaculturalists would be affected by the requirements placed on the first-line processors to have knowledge about the product's origin. For retailers, the FDA has developed a "Model Food Code" for states to incorporate in their legislation on methods for maintaining seafood safety in restaurants and stores. JF - Agricultural Outlook AU - Harvey, D AD - Econ. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SN - 0099-1066, 0099-1066 KW - fishery industry KW - human food KW - inspection KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - seafood KW - quality control KW - public health KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16894985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.atitle=Stronger+seafood+safety+rules+proposed&rft.au=Harvey%2C+D&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.issn=00991066&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seafood; fishery industry; quality control; human food; inspection; public health; USA; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chitosan on cucumber plants: Suppression of Pythium aphanidermatum and induction of defense reactions AN - 16894465; 3592147 AB - Biological activity of chitosan on Pythium rot of cucumber was investigated. Growing cucumber plants in the presence of chitosan (100 or 400 mu g/ml) controlled root rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and triggered several host defense responses, including the induction of structural barriers in root tissues and the stimulation of antifungal hydrolases (chitinase, chitosanase, and beta -1,3-glucanase) in both the roots and leaves. Whereas chitosan did not cause any apparent phytotoxicity to cucumber plants, it adversely affected the growth of P. aphanidermatum. A close examination of hyphal cells revealed that chitosan caused wall loosening, vacuolation, and, in some cases, protoplasm disintegration. This may, in part, explain the limited ability of the pathogen to colonize root tissues in the presence of chitosan. Ultrastructural study of root tissue from chitosan-treated plants showed that fungal cells were mainly restricted to root surfaces. The interplay of the antifungal and eliciting properties of chitosan makes chitosan a potential antifungal agent for the control of root rot of cucumber caused by P. aphanidermatum. JF - Phytopathology AU - El Ghaouth, A AU - Arul, J AU - Grenier, J AU - Benhamou, N AU - Asselin, A AU - Belanger, R AD - USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 313 EP - 320 VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - chitosan KW - defense reactions KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - suppression KW - Cucumis sativus KW - induction KW - infection KW - Pythium aphanidermatum KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16894465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chitosan+on+cucumber+plants%3A+Suppression+of+Pythium+aphanidermatum+and+induction+of+defense+reactions&rft.au=El+Ghaouth%2C+A%3BArul%2C+J%3BGrenier%2C+J%3BBenhamou%2C+N%3BAsselin%2C+A%3BBelanger%2C+R&rft.aulast=El+Ghaouth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pythium aphanidermatum; Cucumis sativus; infection; suppression; induction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recognition of B and T cell epitopes by cattle immunized with a synthetic peptide containing the major immunogenic site of VP1 FMDV 01 Campos AN - 16894022; 3589767 AB - The precise location of B and T cell epitopes have been established in a peptide containing the major immunogenic site (residues 135-160) of FMDV strain 01 Campos (01C) VP1. The peptide (p135-160), administered free or conjugated to bovine serum albumin, induced complete protection in guinea pigs and a strong neutralizing antibody (NAb) response in cattle. Using a set of partially overlapping peptides it was shown that although several B cell epitopes were distributed along the p135-160, the residues responsible for the induction of NAb were restricted to the amino acids 135-144. In addition, bovines immunized with the p135-160 showed a strong proliferative response to this peptide but a very poor response against purified virus. Two T-epitopes were located in the 135-160 sequence: one on the region 135-144 and the other in the region 150-160. The immunodominance of these two T cell epitopes was confirmed in cattle immunized with inactivated virus vaccines. JF - Virology AU - Zamorano, P AU - Wigdorovitz, A AU - Chaher, M T AU - Fernandez, F M AU - Carrillo, C AU - Marcovecchio, F E AU - Sadir, A M AU - Borca, M V AD - PIADC, USDA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 383 EP - 387 VL - 201 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - cattle KW - guinea-pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - antigenic determinants KW - lymphocytes T KW - antibodies KW - immunity KW - lymphocytes B KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - V 22092:Viral antigenic properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16894022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Recognition+of+B+and+T+cell+epitopes+by+cattle+immunized+with+a+synthetic+peptide+containing+the+major+immunogenic+site+of+VP1+FMDV+01+Campos&rft.au=Zamorano%2C+P%3BWigdorovitz%2C+A%3BChaher%2C+M+T%3BFernandez%2C+F+M%3BCarrillo%2C+C%3BMarcovecchio%2C+F+E%3BSadir%2C+A+M%3BBorca%2C+M+V&rft.aulast=Zamorano&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antigenic determinants; lymphocytes T; antibodies; immunity; lymphocytes B; foot-and-mouth disease virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the impact of triploid grass carp on sago pondweed in the Byrnes Canal: Implications for biological control in northern California irrigation systems AN - 16893423; 3588716 AB - This paper describes a program which simulates growth of the aquatic plant, Potamogeton pectinatus L. (sago pondweed), and plant consumption by the herbivorous fish, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val (triploid grass carp), under environmental conditions characteristic of a northern California irrigation system. In the program, plant growth is driven by temperature and light intensity, and grass carp feeding and growth by water temperature. The program uses data on these variables collected from the Byrnes Canal using data loggers which recorded temperature and light at 0.5-h intervals on 115 days during the summer of 1989. Less extensive data sets from two other canals were used to construct realistic simulation scenarios for canals with warmer or cooler water temperatures. The program provided reasonable predictions of plant growth, plant consumption by the fish, and fish growth. Simulations showed that using triploid grass carp in northern California irrigation systems that typically have cool water temperatures (12 to 24 degree C) would require more fish (50 or 250 kg vegetated ha super(-1) depending on the management objectives) than previous simulations for lakes in the U.S. would suggest. Evaluation of two management strategies indicated that stocking grass carp at 50 kg vegetated ha super(-1) in the first year, and retrieving and releasing them in subsequent years would be economically competitive with current management practices. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Spencer, D F AD - USDA-ARS Aquat. Weed Lab, UC Davis - Bot. Dep., Davis, CA 95616-8537, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 187 EP - 204 VL - 72 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ctenopharyngodon idella KW - Potamogeton pectinatus KW - biological control KW - models KW - fish KW - irrigation water KW - model studies KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - canals KW - weed control KW - aquatic plants KW - irrigation systems KW - USA, California KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04710:Control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16893423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+impact+of+triploid+grass+carp+on+sago+pondweed+in+the+Byrnes+Canal%3A+Implications+for+biological+control+in+northern+California+irrigation+systems&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ctenopharyngodon idella; Potamogeton pectinatus; aquatic plants; irrigation systems; canals; fish; weed control; irrigation water; model studies; USA, California; biological control; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the abundance of subterranean propagules of submersed aquatic plants AN - 16892892; 3588732 AB - Data on sample means (x super(-)) and variances (s super(2)) of propagule abundance for five types of aquatic plants growing in a variety of habitats were collected. The data set consisted of 379 values for x super(-) and s super(2), based on 4942 individual sample units (sediment samples), drawn from the literature or from data collected as part of this study. Regression analysis relating log s super(2) to log x super(-) yielded an equation which was solved for the number of sample units (n) required to achieve a given degree of precision. For precise estimates (standard error (SE) = 20% of x super(-)), values of n between twenty-seven and 234 are required when propagule density is low (<200 m super(-2)), whereas eight to twenty-six sample units are required when propagule density is high (200-1000 m super(-2)). For larger SE (i.e. 30% of x super(-)), n decreased by about 50%. Sampler area (20 to 1600 cm super(2)) did not affect estimates of n. Time required to collect and process sediment cores (collected with either a 5, 10, or 15 cm corer) was approximately 7, 10, or 13 min, respectively. Combining this information with the required number of samples is useful in planning studies designed to measure changes in the abundance of underground propagules of submersed aquatic plants. JF - Freshwater biology. Oxford AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AU - Whitehand, L C AD - USDA-ARS Aquat. Weed Control Res. Lab., Sect. Plant Biol., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 191 EP - 200 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - measuring techniques KW - aquatic plants KW - abundance KW - propagules KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04300:Aquatic ecosystems - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16892892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+biology.+Oxford&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+abundance+of+subterranean+propagules+of+submersed+aquatic+plants&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G%3BWhitehand%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+biology.+Oxford&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic plants; propagules; abundance; measuring techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor and outdoor foraging locations of Pharaoh ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and control strategies using bait stations AN - 16891915; 3588430 AB - While Pharaoh ants, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), are generally considered indoor pests, we observed these ants foraging at 51.7% of outdoor monitoring sites located on exterior wall surfaces of apartment buildings in contrast to 11.6% of indoor sites. The number of ants per infested monitoring site did not vary significantly with counts averaging from 46 to 118. Commercial bait stations containing a delayed action toxicant placed solely on the exterior walls of buildings, or outdoors, provided a 94% reduction in Pharaoh ant numbers within 1 week in contrast to a 9% reduction in untreated buildings. This was similar to the reductions from buildings treated with bait stations placed both indoors and outdoors. While a total of 3 ants were found indoors in treated apartments, indoor counts from untreated buildings also were low. Initial outdoor ant counts were 2 to 20 times higher than indoor counts, and the significant population reductions were attributed to a reduction in counts from outdoor sites. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Oi, D H AU - Vail, K M AU - Williams, D F AU - Bieman, D N AD - USDA-ARS MAVERL, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 91 VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, Florida KW - foraging behavior KW - Formicidae KW - Monomorium pharaonis KW - chemical control KW - Hymenoptera KW - urban environments KW - baiting KW - monitoring KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16891915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Indoor+and+outdoor+foraging+locations+of+Pharaoh+ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+and+control+strategies+using+bait+stations&rft.au=Oi%2C+D+H%3BVail%2C+K+M%3BWilliams%2C+D+F%3BBieman%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Oi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monomorium pharaonis; Hymenoptera; Formicidae; USA, Florida; urban environments; monitoring; chemical control; baiting; foraging behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of carbofuran and other carbamates using cholinesterase inhibition with N-methylindoxyl acetate as substrate AN - 16890659; 3804517 AB - A screening test was developed to detect trace amounts of carbamate insecticide residues in water and in aqueous extracts of meat. This test considers multiple insecticides with the common ability to inhibit cholinesterase. Assay solutions containing inhibitory insecticides remain colorless upon addition of substrate, while negatives and negative controls exhibit both fluorescence and a yellow color, followed by the formation of a blue precipitate that can serve as a permanent marker for assays judged negative. Phospholipids such as lecithin interfere with the test and must be removed before assay. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Argauer, R J AU - Brown, R T AD - Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1920 EP - 1924 VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - insecticide residues KW - carbofuran KW - carbamates KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - food contamination KW - water sampling KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16890659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Detection+of+carbofuran+and+other+carbamates+using+cholinesterase+inhibition+with+N-methylindoxyl+acetate+as+substrate&rft.au=Argauer%2C+R+J%3BBrown%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Argauer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water sampling; food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induced isoflavonoids in diverse populations of Astragalus cicer AN - 16890409; 3796706 AB - Isoflavonoids were induced in mature leaves of the legume Astragalus cicer L. by spores of the fungus Bipolaris zeicola. The five major elicited compounds included two isoflavans (mucronulatol and astraciceran), two isoflavones (cajanin and acicerone), and a pterocarpan (maackiain). Only occasional traces of these compounds were detected in controls. Among 41 populations originating in Europe or Russia, mean total elicited isoflavonoid content differed 12-fold. Mucronulatol was the predominant compound elicited, comprising 20-70% of total isoflavonoids. Significant interpopulational differences existed for each isoflavonoid, but no geographic patterns of total or relative proportions of the five compounds were discernible. JF - Biochemical Systematics and Ecology AU - Martin, S S AU - Townsend, CE AU - Lenssen, A W AD - USDA-ARS, Nat. Resour. Res. Cent., Crops Res. Lab., 1701 Cent. Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 657 EP - 661 VL - 22 IS - 7 SN - 0305-1978, 0305-1978 KW - isoflavonoids KW - Bipolaris zeicola KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Astragalus cicer KW - leaves KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16890409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Induced+isoflavonoids+in+diverse+populations+of+Astragalus+cicer&rft.au=Martin%2C+S+S%3BTownsend%2C+CE%3BLenssen%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.issn=03051978&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Astragalus cicer; leaves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Steady-state infiltration as a function of measurement scale AN - 16888721; 3801390 AB - Steady-state infiltration rates were measured at three instrument scales within a 4.0 x 4.0-m field plot. The three scales were 4.0 x 4.0 m (scale S sub(L), n = 1), 1.0 x 1.0 m (scale S sub(L/4), n = 16), and 0.25 x 0.25 m (scale S sub(L/16), n = 256). After a 30-day ponding period under a constant hydraulic head, infiltration measurements were made at each measurement scale. Even though the entire area was sampled at each instrument scale, the average infiltration rate decreased with decreasing size of infiltrometer. The infiltration rate measurements were adjusted assuming an "apparent" stagnation zone of 4 cm along the boundaries of each infiltrometer. This adjustment produced average infiltration rates of 1.96 cm/h for each of the smaller measurement scales. This value was in excellent agreement with the final value measured at scale S sub(L) upon completion of the experiment (1.97 cm/h). However, the value for the "apparent" stagnation zone was found to be valid only in an average sense, because the correlation between the adjusted average value of the S sub(L/16) measurements and the adjusted value of the S sub(L/4) measurements was not significant. The 256 measurements at scale S sub(L/6) were neither normal nor lognormally (natural log (ln)) distributed, although the latter provided a somewhat better representation. Too few measurements were available to determine the probability distribution for scale S sub(L/4). The regularized semivariogram (range of 0.7 m) for scale S sub(L/16) was deconvoluted to provide estimates of the point semivariograms for both the actual and adjusted measurement scales, leading to spatial ranges of 0.21 and 0.30 m for actual and adjusted, respectively. With or without adjustment, dispersion variance analyses illustrated that the spatial structure estimate obtained from measurement scale S sub(L/16) was inconsistent with that obtained from measurement scale S sub(L/4). Thus, we conclude that the infiltrometer instrument fundamentally alters the infiltration process in such a way that measurements are only meaningful in a relative sense. JF - Soil Science AU - Shouse, P J AU - Ellsworth, T R AU - Jobes, JA AD - USDA/ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92501, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 129 EP - 136 VL - 157 IS - 3 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - measuring instruments KW - soil properties KW - hydraulic properties KW - flowmeters KW - infiltration rate KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16888721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Steady-state+infiltration+as+a+function+of+measurement+scale&rft.au=Shouse%2C+P+J%3BEllsworth%2C+T+R%3BJobes%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Shouse&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration rate; measuring instruments; soil water; hydraulic properties; soil properties; flowmeters ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using monthly precipitation data to estimate the R-factor in the revised USLE AN - 16888376; 3590006 AB - The methods used to calculate both the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) erosivity factor (R) and the 10 year frequency storm erosion index value (EI sub(10)) are presented. As the calculation methods require long-term rainfall intensity data, and such data are not available for all application sites, an approach used to estimate the R-factor is described. Examples illustrating applications of the estimation technique in Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world are summarized. The method, which establishes correlations between measured R-values and more readily available precipitation data, is used to develop relations for estimating R-values in the USA. Correlations based on average monthly precipitation data and the R-factor values for 155 US stations were initially used to develop estimation relations. The 155 stations were segregated based on the annual distribution of monthly precipitation and the correlations improved. Exclusion of 23 stations with both 'winter-type' precipitation distributions and modified Fournier index values greater than 100 mm improved the relations for the remaining 132 stations (r super(2) = 0.81). An estimation relation for the EI sub(10) is also presented. The R-factor and EI sub(10) estimation relations should facilitate the use of RUSLE for locations with only monthly precipitation data. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Renard, K G AU - Freimund, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Res. Cent., 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719-1596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 287 EP - 306 VL - 157 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USLE KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - rainfall intensity KW - erosion KW - precipitation KW - data collections KW - soil erosion KW - land use KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16888376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Using+monthly+precipitation+data+to+estimate+the+R-factor+in+the+revised+USLE&rft.au=Renard%2C+K+G%3BFreimund%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Renard&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - precipitation; data collections; soil erosion; rainfall intensity; erosion; land use; model studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of neem seed extract upon the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and its nuclear polyhedrosis virus AN - 16887823; 3585566 AB - Neem seed extract inhibited growth and development of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae. Untreated control larvae increased their weight by ) 40-fold by day 14, whereas insects treated with 0.10% neem and 1.00% neem weighed ) 30% and ) 4%, respectively, of the average weight of the untreated larvae. By day 14, 99% of the controls were in the fifth stage and 1% were prepupae. After treatment with 0.10% neem almost one-third of those larvae were still in the fourth stage, whereas larvae treated with 1.00% neem were still in the second and third stages. Neem extracts had little, if any, effect upon viral activity, as measured by LC sub(50)s. The addition of neem extract to the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus, however, resulted in faster virus-caused mortality. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AU - Robertson, J L AU - Webb, R E AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., BARC-W, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 356 EP - 360 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - neem KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - plant extracts KW - Lymantriidae KW - Azadirachta indica KW - toxicity KW - seeds KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+neem+seed+extract+upon+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+and+its+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M%3BRobertson%2C+J+L%3BWebb%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant extracts; toxicity; seeds; Lymantriidae; Azadirachta indica; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology of Pterolonche inspersa (Lep.: Pterolonchidae), a biological control agent for Centaurea diffusa and C. maculosa in the United States AN - 16887808; 3803785 AB - The moth, Pterolonche inspersa (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Pterolonchidae), is widely distributed in southern Europe, north Africa, Turkey and the former Soviet Union. It occurs in both thick and scattered stands of knapweeds in disturbed sites, usually on sandy and/or stony soil. Larvae bore in the roots of diffuse and spotted knapweeds (Centaurea diffusa De Lamarck and C. maculosa De Lamarck). There is one generation per year in northern Greece, and larvae feed in the roots for about 11 months during the growing season (August-September, to the following July-August). In the laboratory garden, emergence took place between the second half of July and the end of August, with peak emergence during mid August. In the field, adults were observed from early to late July. Female moths oviposited on rosettes during the first ten days of July and continued through the end of July. Eggs were laid singly or in groups of five or six, firmly attached to the leaves of the host plant. In the laboratory, females mated within 24 hours of emergence and the preoviposition period lasted 2.6 plus or minus 0.8 days. The oviposition period lasted 7.4 plus or minus 2.2 days and the average number of eggs per female was 142.2 plus or minus 59.2. The incubation period was 12 plus or minus 4.7 days; the pupal stage lasted 14.7 plus or minus 2.4 days; and females lived 15.8 plus or minus 2.4 days, while males lived 10.7 plus or minus 1.4 days. First instar larvae failed to survive on economically important Compositae in the genera Cynara L., Helianthus L., Zinnia L. and Calendula L. (Dunn et al., 1989). JF - Entomophaga AU - Campobasso, G AU - Sobhian, R AU - Knutson, L AU - Pastorino, A C AU - Dunn, PH AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA, ARS, Parc Sci. Agropolis II, 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 377 EP - 384 VL - 39 IS - 3-4 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Pterolonche inspersa KW - Pterolonchidae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Centaurea maculosa KW - biological control KW - life history KW - Centaurea diffusa KW - Lepidoptera KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=Biology+of+Pterolonche+inspersa+%28Lep.%3A+Pterolonchidae%29%2C+a+biological+control+agent+for+Centaurea+diffusa+and+C.+maculosa+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Campobasso%2C+G%3BSobhian%2C+R%3BKnutson%2C+L%3BPastorino%2C+A+C%3BDunn%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Campobasso&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; Centaurea diffusa; Centaurea maculosa; life history; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiological aspects of biosynthesis of lignin peroxidases by Phanerochaete chrysosporium AN - 16887757; 3582413 AB - Methods based on UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were used to study the physiological aspects of lignin-peroxidase biosynthesis by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Here we introduce the use of cytochrome aa sub(3) as an indicator of active fungal biomass and of its redox state to calculate the oxygen mass transport coefficient between the growth medium and the fungal cell interior. When lignin peroxidase biosynthesis was enhanced by the addition of Tween 80 or Tween 20 to the growth medium, a higher proportion of reduced cytochrome aa sub(3) and a higher oxygen diffusion barrier were observed compared with control cultures. In cultures supplemented with Tween 80 or Tween 20, a higher oxygen mass transport coefficient between the growth medium and the interior of the fungal cell was also found. The beginning of the lignin peroxidase activity in these cultures was found to coincide with a temporary cessation in the dry biomass increase and a reduction in the relative active-biomass concentration. During the lignin peroxidase activity, a decrease in the intracellular pH and an increase in the growth medium pH were determined in cultures supplemented with Tween 80. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lestan, D AU - Lestan, M AU - Perdih, A AD - Inst. Microb. Biochem. Technol., USDA Forest Ser., Forest Product Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398 Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 606 EP - 612 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - lignin peroxidase KW - cytochrome aa3 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - physiology KW - oxygen exchange KW - enzymatic activity KW - biosynthesis KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Physiological+aspects+of+biosynthesis+of+lignin+peroxidases+by+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium&rft.au=Lestan%2C+D%3BLestan%2C+M%3BPerdih%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lestan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=606&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; biosynthesis; physiology; oxygen exchange; enzymatic activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring channel and gully cross-sections with an airborne laser altimeter AN - 16886318; 3589852 AB - A laser altimeter, making 4000 measurements per second, was used to measure channel and gully morphology. The laser measurements provide quick, accurate and readily obtained data on the cross-section and morphology of channels and gullies in relation to the adjacent landscape. Although ground based techniques can be used to make these measurements, using a laser altimeter mounted in an aircraft allows data to be collected faster, with greater density and detail, and in areas with limited access for ground surveys. The laser altimeter data are valuable for measuring channel and gully cross-sections and roughness in relation to the surrounding landscape, for assessing soil loss from gullies and channels, and for providing input to the understanding of gully and channel dynamics in the landscape. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Grissinger, E H AU - Murphey, J B AU - Garbrecht, J D AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 237 EP - 243 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - channel morphology KW - environmental engineering KW - fluvial morphology KW - gullies KW - laser altimetry KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - channels KW - mapping KW - Freshwater KW - geography KW - aircraft KW - data collections KW - geomorphology KW - lasers KW - soil erosion KW - remote sensing KW - Q2 09263:Topography and morphology KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16886318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Measuring+channel+and+gully+cross-sections+with+an+airborne+laser+altimeter&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+J+C%3BGrissinger%2C+E+H%3BMurphey%2C+J+B%3BGarbrecht%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fluvial morphology; geography; aircraft; data collections; channels; mapping; lasers; geomorphology; soil erosion; remote sensing; channel morphology; gullies; environmental engineering; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competition between Anisopteromalus calandrae and Choestospila elegans (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at different parasitoid densities on immature maize weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in corn AN - 16886184; 3585524 AB - Immature maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, in corn were exposed to Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) alone, Choetospila elegans Westwood alone, or a combination of both species. Anisopteromalus calandrae was much more efficient at parasitizing immature maize weevils in corn than was C. elegans. The combination of A. calandrae plus C. elegans had similar effects as A. calandrae alone on total maize weevil mortality for equal numbers of parasitoids. Under interspecific competition, the emergence of C. elegans progeny and their sex ratio (percentage female) were significantly reduced in the presence of A. calandrae, but A. calandrae was not affected substantially by C. elegans. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Wen, B AU - Smith, L AU - Brower, J H AD - Stored-Prod. Insects Res. and Dev. Lab., USDA-ARS, 3401 Edwin Street, Savannah, GA 31405, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 367 EP - 373 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Choetospila elegans KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Coleoptera KW - Anisopteromalus calandrae KW - parasitoids KW - Sitophilus zeamais KW - interspecific relationships KW - Zea mays KW - Curculionidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - competition KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16886184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Competition+between+Anisopteromalus+calandrae+and+Choestospila+elegans+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%29+at+different+parasitoid+densities+on+immature+maize+weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+corn&rft.au=Wen%2C+B%3BSmith%2C+L%3BBrower%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Wen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Anisopteromalus calandrae; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; Curculionidae; Coleoptera; Sitophilus zeamais; competition; interspecific relationships; parasitoids; population density ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of age at first mating on the reproductive potential of the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16886004; 3585526 AB - The effect of age at first mating on the reproductive potential of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was studied in the laboratory. The age of females at first mating affected the number of eggs laid, percentage of eggs hatching, number of viable larvae, and longevity. Extending female virginity to an advanced age increased longevity. The age of males at first mating had relatively little influence on the reproductive potential of females. However, the age of the male and female at first mating interacted to affect the reproductive potential of respective pairs. The number of spermatophores harbored by females affected percent daily and total eggs hatching, number of eggs laid, and the number of viable larvae produced. The number of spermatophores harbored by females had no effect on moth longevity. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Rogers, CE AU - Marti, OG Jr AD - Insect Biol. and Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 322 EP - 325 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - mating behavior KW - Lepidoptera KW - age KW - Noctuidae KW - breeding success KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16886004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+age+at+first+mating+on+the+reproductive+potential+of+the+fall+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Rogers%2C+CE%3BMarti%2C+OG+Jr&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera frugiperda; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; age; mating behavior; breeding success ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Lutz, Sitka, and white spruce to attack by Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and blue stain fungi AN - 16885242; 3585633 AB - Mechanical wounding and wounding plus inoculation with a blue-stain fungus, Leptographium abietinum (Peck), associated with the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), caused an induced reaction zone or lesion around the wound sites in Lutz spruce, Picea lutzii Little, Sitka spruce, P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., and white spruce, P. glauca (Moench) Voss, in south-central Alaska. The effects of tree species on lesion length were nonsignificant; however, the effects of wounding versus wounding plus blue-stain inoculate were highly significant. Lesion length was significantly longer in high-flow Lutz spruce compared with low-flow trees that were wounded. There was a significant change in monoterpene composition in the induced reaction zones of wounded phloem compared with unwounded phloem. The total percentage of potential toxic monoterpenes such as limonene, myrcene, 3-carene, and beta phellandrene increased in all three host species. Egg gallery length and the area of phloem consumed by larvae outside of lesions was significantly less for trees with wounds caused by fungal inoculation compared with mechanical wounds only. Trees with fungal inoculations appeared to deter larval feeding. Hydroxystilbenes were not found in the three species of spruce; however, differences were found in the chemical content of the reaction and the nonreaction zones. Two unknown chemicals present in nonreaction zones were not found in the induced reaction zone. One chemical appears to be a dimer with a carbohydrate moeity. A low molecular weight chemical found in the induced reaction zone could not be identified by mass spectroscopy. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Werner, R A AU - Illman, B L AD - Inst. North. For., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., Forest Serv., USDA, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5500, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 472 EP - 478 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Leptographium abietinum KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - host plants KW - Dendroctonus rufipennis KW - Picea KW - pest attack KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16885242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Response+of+Lutz%2C+Sitka%2C+and+white+spruce+to+attack+by+Dendroctonus+rufipennis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+and+blue+stain+fungi&rft.au=Werner%2C+R+A%3BIllman%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Werner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea; Dendroctonus rufipennis; Scolytidae; Coleoptera; pest attack; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of reclamation success on Idaho's phosphate mines AN - 16884924; 3585715 AB - To evaluate reclamation success on the Wooley Valley phosphate mine in southeastern Idaho, we compared vegetation structure and soil physical, chemical, and elemental properties of several different reclamation treatments with those of a nearby reference area (a native Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Festuca idahoensis association) after 14 years. Vegetation data had been collected four years after reclamation, and we were able to compare differences in biomass and species composition between dates on the reclaimed area. Four years after reclamation there were no differences in total biomass between topsoil or spoil or between seed only, seed + mulch, or control treatments on the different soil types. Most treatments were dominated by seeded perennial grasses. Fourteen years after reclamation there were no differences in biomass or cover between spoil and topsoil plots, but on spoil plots the seeded and mulched treatment had higher total biomass and vegetation cover than on control or seed-only treatments. The seeded perennial legume Medicago sativa was codominant with the seeded forage grasses on all of the treatments. High initial fertilization rates probably facilitated the early establishment and dominance of the forage grasses; once nutrient levels, especially nitrogen, began to decline, the legume increased in abundance. Similarity between the reclaimed area and the reference or native area was low. Reclaimed treatments had higher biomass but lower species richness. The topsoil and spoil plots had similar soil texture, bulk density, pH, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, and phosphorus. Differences in organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon:nitrogen ratios, and available moisture were related more to treatments than to soil type. High biomass and, thus, litter input on the seed + mulch treatment on spoil plots resulted in both higher OC and TN than any on other soil/treatment combination. The reclaimed area had lower OC, TN, and available moisture than did the reference area on all but seed + mulch spoil plots. Bulk density was higher on reclaimed plots. The long-term differences observed between the reclaimed and reference areas parallel those obtained for other western reclamation sites. Although successional trajectories depend on the attribute measured, similarity to native reference areas depends on the initial reclamation methods. We discuss reclamation methods that would increase the structural and functional similarity of reclaimed and reference areas on the Wooley Valley phosphate mine. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Chambers, J C AU - Brown, R W AU - Williams, B D AD - USDA Forest Serv., Intermt. Res. Stn., 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4 EP - 16 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - mines KW - USA, Idaho KW - vegetation patterns KW - soil properties KW - land reclamation KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+reclamation+success+on+Idaho%27s+phosphate+mines&rft.au=Chambers%2C+J+C%3BBrown%2C+R+W%3BWilliams%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Idaho; land reclamation; vegetation patterns; soil properties; mines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting spatial distributions of nitrate leaching in northeastern Colorado AN - 16884702; 3587705 AB - Identification of regional problem areas for NO sub(3)-N leached from agriculture is important to farmers, extension, and action agencies to develop efficient management control strategies. A Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) model/Geographic Information System (GIS) combination was tested for regional irrigated agriculture in eastern Colorado. Results indicated that the NLEAP NO sub(3)-N-leached (NL) index, an index of the amount of NO sub(3)-N leached below the rooting zone, was useful for describing the distribution of groundwater NO sub(3)-N concentrations across a 736 km super(2) (248 mi super(2)) area when used in combination with a GIS. Comparison of observed NO sub(3)-N distributions in the South Platte alluvial aquifer with simulated NL distributions gave regional Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.59 and showed that the model could simulate the major observed groundwater NO sub(3)-N patterns. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Wylie, B K AU - Shaffer, MJ AU - Brodahl, M K AU - Dubois, D AU - Wagner, D G AD - Great Plains Syst. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 288 EP - 293 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - NLEAP model KW - Geographic Information System KW - water pollution sources KW - agricultural chemicals KW - root zone KW - irrigation effects KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - groundwater contamination KW - spatial variations KW - agrochemicals KW - nonpoint pollution KW - pollution monitoring KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - geographic information systems KW - nitrates KW - USA, Colorado KW - groundwater pollution KW - leaching KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Predicting+spatial+distributions+of+nitrate+leaching+in+northeastern+Colorado&rft.au=Wylie%2C+B+K%3BShaffer%2C+MJ%3BBrodahl%2C+M+K%3BDubois%2C+D%3BWagner%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Wylie&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water pollution sources; agricultural chemicals; groundwater pollution; nitrates; leaching; root zone; irrigation effects; nonpoint pollution sources; geographic information systems; USA, Colorado; agrochemicals; nonpoint pollution; pollution monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A microsatellite linkage map of the porcine genome AN - 16884656; 3583790 AB - We report the most extensive genetic linkage map for a livestock species produced to date. We have linked 376 microsatellite (MS) loci with seven restriction fragment length polymorphic loci in a backcross reference population. The 383 markers were placed into 24 linkage groups which span 1997 cM. Seven additional MS did not fall into a linkage group. Linkage groups are assigned to 13 autosomes and the X chromosome (haploid n = 19). This map provides the basis for genetic analysis of quantitative inheritance of phenotypic and physiologic traits in swine. JF - Genetics AU - Rohrer, G A AU - Alexander, L J AU - Keele, J W AU - Smith, T P AU - Beattie, C W AD - USDA, ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Res. Cent. (MARC), Clay Cent., NE 68933, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 231 EP - 245 VL - 136 IS - 1 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - pigs KW - repeated sequence KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - linkage analysis KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - loci KW - microsatellites KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - G 07417:Domestic animals (pigs) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16884656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=A+microsatellite+linkage+map+of+the+porcine+genome&rft.au=Rohrer%2C+G+A%3BAlexander%2C+L+J%3BKeele%2C+J+W%3BSmith%2C+T+P%3BBeattie%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Rohrer&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - linkage analysis; restriction fragment length polymorphism; loci; microsatellites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new method for immunologically marking prey and its use in predation studies AN - 16882874; 3803751 AB - We introduce a new method for immunologically examining predator gut contents. It differs from previously described gut content analyses because it does not require the development of prey-specific antibody probes. Instead, insect prey were marked with a readily available antigen, rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG). We then assayed predators that had fed on IgG labeled prey with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using goat anti-rabbit IgG. Of the predator species that fed on the IgG labeled prey, 98.8% of those with chewing mouthparts scored positive for IgG 1 h after feeding. Our prey-labeling ELISA was less efficient for detecting IgG prey remains in predators with piercing/sucking mouthparts. Only 29.5% of these individuals scored positive for rabbit IgG in their guts 1 h after feeding. An additional study was conducted to measure the retention time of IgG-labeled prey in the guts of two species of predators with chewing mouthparts. Results from this experiment showed that the retention time varied depending on the predator and prey species examined. Results from these studies indicate that this marking technique could have widespread use for analyzing the gut contents of predators with chewing mouthparts, but it has limited application for those predators with piercing/sucking mouthparts. JF - Entomophaga AU - Hagler, J R AU - Durand, C M AD - USDA-ARS, West. Cotton Res. Lab., 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 257 EP - 265 VL - 39 IS - 3-4 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - marking and tracking techniques KW - predation KW - prey KW - Insecta KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16882874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=A+new+method+for+immunologically+marking+prey+and+its+use+in+predation+studies&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R%3BDurand%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; prey; predation; marking and tracking techniques ER - TY - CONF T1 - Agricultural waste management planning AN - 16881127; 3800619 AB - An agricultural waste management system (AWMS) is a planned system in which all necessary components are installed and managed to control and use by products of agricultural production in a manner that sustains or enhances the quality of air, water, soil, plant, and animal resources. In the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS), AWMSs are planned under the umbrella of a Resource Management System (RMS). A RMS is a unique combination of practices and management systems that, when applied, will protect the resource base and environment. It provides solutions to all identified resource problems and meets both the decision maker's and public's resource use, conservation, and maintenance objectives. Therefore, an AWMS is a subsystem of a RMS that deals with an agricultural waste problem. In solving an agricultural waste problem, an AWMS will interface or relate to other sub-systems in an RMS, such as a cropping system or a water management system. The major objective in planning an AWMS is to help the producer achieve wise use of natural resources. Because of the number of alternatives to be considered, the planning process is often complex; however, the AWMS selected should be as simple and easily managed as possible. The key to doing this is to involve the decision maker in the planning process. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Boyd, W H Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 VL - t KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - agricultural wastes KW - animal wastes KW - environmental protection KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16881127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Agricultural+waste+management+planning&rft.au=Boyd%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=t&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+2+sulement&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - You need to start with the soil: The Soil Conservation Service experience AN - 16879392; 3800626 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Shaw, R R Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 VL - t KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - nutrients KW - resources management KW - soil conservation KW - ecosystems KW - environmental protection KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16879392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=You+need+to+start+with+the+soil%3A+The+Soil+Conservation+Service+experience&rft.au=Shaw%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=t&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+2+sulement&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field study of plant survival as affected by amendments to bentonite spoil AN - 16878927; 3584165 AB - Efforts to reclaim amended and raw bentonite spoils with six plant species (two forbs, three shrubs, and one tree) were evaluated over a 4-year period. Plant species included fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens [Pursh] Nutt.), big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata tridentata Nutt.), Rocky Mountain jumiper (Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.), Russian [Pursh] Rydb.). Spoil treatments included addition of gypsum, sawdust, perlite, straw, and vermiculite; the control treatment was unamended. Fourwing saltbush had 52% survival across all spoil treatments, with greatest survival occurring on perlite-treated spoil (80%), followed by gypsum (70%) and vermiculite amendments (70%). Survival of other plant species ranged from 0 to 3% averaged across all treatments after 4 years. No differences in plant survival occurred among amendments when all species were considered. JF - Great Basin Naturalist AU - Uresk, D W AU - Yamamoto, T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exp. Stn., Rapid City, SD 57701, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 156 EP - 161 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0017-3614, 0017-3614 KW - bentonite KW - soil amendment KW - cover KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - mining KW - USA, Wyoming KW - plants KW - land reclamation KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16878927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Field+study+of+plant+survival+as+affected+by+amendments+to+bentonite+spoil&rft.au=Uresk%2C+D+W%3BYamamoto%2C+T&rft.aulast=Uresk&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.issn=00173614&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Wyoming; land reclamation; mining; plants; soil amendment; cover ER - TY - CONF T1 - Understanding the nutrient cycling process AN - 16878736; 3800625 AB - Nutrient cycling involves the transformation and availability of nutrients from many sources. Good soil management consists of regulating nutrient cycling in such a manner that nutrient requirements of the growing crop are met but not greatly exceeded at each stage of crop growth. This is accomplished by creating a soil microenvironment (air, water, temperature, and substrate availability within soil pores) through proper choice of management practices that controls the rate of nutrient cycling and availability as dictated by crop needs. Nutrient transformations, especially N and to a lesser extent P, result from soil microbial activity within soil pores, and are therefore mediated by the microenvironment existing within these pores. Through choice of tillage and crop residue practices, cropping systems, fertilizer practices, and related decisions, the farmer exercises some degree of control over the soil microenvironment and thus affects the transformation, availability, and potential loss of nutrients from the soil. While we currently have knowledge of many of the processes involved and factors affecting these processes, integration of all factors into an efficient management system remains very difficult and empirical. Development of an artificial intelligence system will be required to best integrate these myriad factors for all situations. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Power, J F Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 VL - t KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - cycling nutrients KW - soil chemistry KW - agricultural practices KW - land management KW - crops KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16878736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+nutrient+cycling+process&rft.au=Power%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=t&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+2+sulement&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of rhizosphere competent and incompetent Fusarium species from corn on carbon substrates AN - 16878581; 3583160 AB - The ability of Fusarium isolates that are rhizosphere incompetent or competent on corn to grow on types of carbon common in the rhizosphere was examined in culture. When growth of Fusarium species was evaluated on glucose, pectin, carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, xylans, or xylose, F. graminearum produced a significantly greater hyphal dry weight than did F. equiseti, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, or F. solani, whereas F. graminearum produced fewer conidia than did the other species. Intraspecific variation in growth occurred among isolates of F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, and F. proliferatum. When F. graminearum was paired with F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, or F. proliferatum, the numbers of macroconidia and colony-forming units of F. graminearum were lower than those obtained from cultures of F. graminearum grown alone. F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, and F. proliferatum generally yielded no difference in conidial or colony-forming unit production when in dual culture with F. graminearum as when cultured singly. These data suggest that F. graminearum is less competitive than or is suppressed by F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, and F. proliferatum and, therefore, could not be rhizosphere competent. JF - Phytopathology AU - Ocamb, C M AU - Kommedahl, T AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Cent. For. Exp. Stn., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 508 EP - 514 VL - 84 IS - 5 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium KW - carbon sources KW - rhizosphere KW - soil microorganisms KW - Zea mays KW - competence KW - growth KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16878581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Growth+of+rhizosphere+competent+and+incompetent+Fusarium+species+from+corn+on+carbon+substrates&rft.au=Ocamb%2C+C+M%3BKommedahl%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ocamb&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; Zea mays; rhizosphere; carbon sources; soil microorganisms; growth; competence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of atrazine on soil clay components AN - 16876576; 3581072 AB - Distribution coefficients for sorption and desorption of atrazine were determined for all combinations of three chemical treatments and four particle size fractions prepared from a typical soil clay. Organic and inorganic components well 11 and 89% of the mass and contributed 68 and 32% of the affinity of the soil clay for atrazine, respectively. Organic matter associated with the coarse clay had substantially greater affinity for atrazine and exhibited greater sorption-desorption hysteresis than organic matter associated with the fine clay. Silicate minerals had a moderate affinity for atrazine and exhibited little sorption-desorption hysteresis. Free Fe compounds interacted with silicate minerals in the coarse and medium clay to reduce affinity of the silicate minerals for atrazine. The results suggest that atrazine is primarily retained on silicate clays by physical sorption but that both physical sorption and chemisorption contribute to retention of atrazine by soil organic matter. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Laird, DA AU - Yen, P Y AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Steinheimer, T R AU - Dowdy, R H AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1054 EP - 1061 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - clay KW - particle size KW - sorption KW - organic matter KW - atrazine KW - pesticides KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16876576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+atrazine+on+soil+clay+components&rft.au=Laird%2C+DA%3BYen%2C+P+Y%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BSteinheimer%2C+T+R%3BDowdy%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1054&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clay; sorption; atrazine; pesticides; organic matter; particle size ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary silicon affects acid and alkaline phosphatase and super(45)calcium uptake in bone of rats AN - 16876348; 3793384 AB - Silicon (Si) apparently is involved in bone calcification; however, its exact role is unclear. Thus, the effect of Si on bone turnover and bone formation was investigated by utilizing a 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment. Both bone turnover and bone formation as indicated by acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were higher in femurs of Si-adequate than Si-deficient rats. Neither dietary Si nor source of bone for the MB or DB implants affected ectopic bone formation; however, an interaction between Si and implant bone source affected acid phosphatase in both MB and DB implants. Silicon did not affect super(45)Ca uptake by femur, but uptake by both MB and DB implants was increased by dietary Si supplementation. The bone implants significantly decreased calcium and increased copper concentrations in the tibia when the source of bone was animals fed Si-adequate diets. The decreased activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in femur bone, the decreased uptake of super(45)Ca in ectopic bone, and decreased copper concentration in tibia of Si-deprived rats is new evidence confirming that Si affects bone metabolism. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Seaborn, C D AU - Nielsen, F H AD - USDA/ARS/GFHNRC, P.O. Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 11 EP - 18 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - silicon KW - acid phosphatase KW - alkaline phosphatase KW - rats KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - dietary intake KW - bone KW - bone turnover KW - trace elements KW - T 20083:Trace elements KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16876348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dietary+silicon+affects+acid+and+alkaline+phosphatase+and+super%2845%29calcium+uptake+in+bone+of+rats&rft.au=Seaborn%2C+C+D%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Seaborn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bone; dietary intake; bone turnover; trace elements ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Darcy-Weisbach roughness coefficients for selected crops AN - 16875416; 3578165 AB - Total hydraulic resistance on an upland agricultural site may be influenced by several factors including standing vegetation. In this laboratory study, Darcy-Weisbach roughness coefficients were measured for corn, cotton, sorghum, soybeans, sunflower, and wheat vegetation. Experimental variables used in this investigation in addition to crop type included plant population, row spacing, row orientation, and flow rate. For some of the experimental tests, a single row of vegetation was oriented within a flume parallel to the principal flow direction. For the remainder of the tests, rows of vegetation were placed perpendicular to the flow using row spacings and plant populations recommended by crop management specialists. Measurements of discharge rate and flow velocity were used to calculate roughness coefficients for Reynolds number values ranging from approximately 550 to 22,000. Regression equations which relate roughness coefficients to plant population, row spacing, and Reynolds number were developed from the laboratory data. With the exception of wheat placed perpendicular to flow, roughness coefficients produced by standing vegetation were negligible. On upland agricultural areas, total hydraulic roughness will be influenced primarily by frictional drag over the soil surface, and residue and ground cover. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Gilley, JE AU - Kottwitz, E R AD - USDA-ARS, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 467 EP - 471 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Darcey-Weisbach equation KW - Reynold's number KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydraulics KW - flow velocity KW - numerical analysis KW - runoff KW - agriculture KW - crops KW - hydrologic models KW - vegetation KW - discharge measurement KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16875416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Darcy-Weisbach+roughness+coefficients+for+selected+crops&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BKottwitz%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; vegetation; flow velocity; discharge measurement; numerical analysis; runoff; hydraulics; hydrologic models; crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A functional approach to efficient nitrogen use in crop production AN - 16873607; 3579261 AB - Nitrogen fertilization is a critical component of most cropping systems. However, plant recovery of applied N is often only 50% or less. Low N-use efficiency is a contributor to groundwater contamination, eutrophication, acid rain, global warming, and farm insolvency. A method to improve N-use efficiency by plants is proposed where N availability from organic sources is compared with plant N uptake requirement over thermal time. From these relationships, N-use efficiency dynamics and plant N uptake from mineralized organic sources can be predicted. This will provide growers with information on the quantity and time to apply additional N for optimal yield and improved N-use efficiency. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Honeycutt, C W AU - Clapham, WM AU - Leach, S S AD - USDA-ARS, New England Plant, Soil and Water Lab., Univ. Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 51 EP - 61 VL - 73 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - efficiency KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - fertilizer applications KW - crop production KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16873607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=A+functional+approach+to+efficient+nitrogen+use+in+crop+production&rft.au=Honeycutt%2C+C+W%3BClapham%2C+WM%3BLeach%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Honeycutt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crop production; fertilizer applications; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects on honey bees of insecticides applied to snap beans in Wisconsin: Chemical and biotic factors AN - 16872984; 3579217 AB - Studies were conducted to determine the role of snap beans as a food resource for honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), bee mortality resulting from pesticides, and the long-term effects on bees of such insecticide exposure. Aerial application of microencapsulated methyl parathion induced elevated levels of bee mortality and reduced total pollen collection rates, whereas treatment with acephate did not. Honey bees did not forage snap beans for pollen or nectar under conditions of extreme resource dearth. Bee mortality following application of insecticides was caused by foraging either on blooming weeds in the field or among flowering plants within the spray-drift zone. Thus, such bee losses in snap beans could be avoided almost entirely through clean cultivation. High intercolony variability obscured possible differences in winter survival after exposure and in subsequent honey production. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Erickson, EH Jr AU - Erickson, B J AU - Wyman, JA AD - Honey Bee Res. Unit, Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 596 EP - 600 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - insecticides KW - Apis mellifera KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - nontarget organisms KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16872984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+on+honey+bees+of+insecticides+applied+to+snap+beans+in+Wisconsin%3A+Chemical+and+biotic+factors&rft.au=Erickson%2C+EH+Jr%3BErickson%2C+B+J%3BWyman%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=EH&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=596&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phaseolus vulgaris; Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; USA, Wisconsin; insecticides; nontarget organisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drainage load-flow relationships in arid irrigated areas AN - 16871695; 3578133 AB - The load-flow relationship of salt in drainage water was studied using drainage water flow and salinity data from an irrigation district on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley of California. Flow and salinity data were collected from the main district drain, individual drainage sumps, and two field sites. Linear regression was used to describe the salt load-flow relationship at each drainage site. The slope of the regression line for the salt flow in the main drain was different compared to the subsurface drainage sites because of the inclusion of surface runoff from irrigation in the main drain. The EC in the water from the subsurface drains was not correlated with the flow rate. Cluster analysis of the load-flow relationships of 45 individual drainage sumps indicated that the load-flow relationship for flow from the district could be characterized by one of three relationships. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Ayars, JE AU - Meek, D W AD - USDA-ARS, Water Manage. Res. Lab., Fresno, CA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 431 EP - 437 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - arid regions KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - solute transport KW - water quality KW - statistical analysis KW - water management KW - flow KW - salinity KW - irrigation KW - subsurface drainage KW - agricultural runoff KW - drainage water KW - USA, California, Central Valley KW - salts KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16871695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Drainage+load-flow+relationships+in+arid+irrigated+areas&rft.au=Ayars%2C+JE%3BMeek%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drainage water; salts; flow; salinity; irrigation; statistical analysis; solute transport; subsurface drainage; water quality; agricultural runoff; water management; USA, California, Central Valley ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vulnerability to drought-induced cavitation of riparian cottonwoods in Alberta: A possible factor in the decline of the ecosystem? AN - 16871319; 3579173 AB - Vulnerability of xylem to loss of hydraulic conductivity caused by drought-induced cavitation was determined for three riparian cottonwood species in Lethbridge, Alberta: Populus deltoides Bartr., P. balsamifera L., and P. angustifolia James. These species suffered 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity in one-year-old stem segments when xylem pressure potential fell to -0.7 MPa for P. deltoides and -1.7 MPa for P. balsamifera and P. angustifolia, making them the three most vulnerable tree species reported so far in North America. The possible contribution of drought-induced xylem dysfunction to the decline of riparian ecosystems in dammed rivers is discussed. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Tyree, M T AU - Kolb, K J AU - Rood, S B AU - Patino, S AD - Aiken For. Sci. Lab., USDA Forest Serv., 705 Spear St., P.O. Box 968, Burlington, VT 05402, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 455 EP - 466 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Populus deltoides KW - Populus balsamifera KW - Populus angustifolia KW - xylem KW - riparian environments KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - drought KW - riparian vegetation KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - plants KW - cavitation KW - water stress KW - Canada, Alberta KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16871319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Vulnerability+to+drought-induced+cavitation+of+riparian+cottonwoods+in+Alberta%3A+A+possible+factor+in+the+decline+of+the+ecosystem%3F&rft.au=Tyree%2C+M+T%3BKolb%2C+K+J%3BRood%2C+S+B%3BPatino%2C+S&rft.aulast=Tyree&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Populus deltoides; Populus balsamifera; Populus angustifolia; water stress; cavitation; plants; drought; riparian vegetation; Canada, Alberta; xylem; riparian environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A device for monitoring populations of larval mosquitoes in container habitats AN - 16868735; 3579095 AB - A device was developed for repetitive sampling of mosquito larvae without undue disruption of the larval habitat. The sampler is a 3-oz. (ca. 100-ml capacity) transparent plastic cup with a hole in the center of its convex bottom. The device is buoyed by corks so that the water level is 15 mm above the bottom rim of the cup and 5 mm above the hole. There was significant correlation between 24-h sample samples of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus 4th-instar larvae in the larval sampling device and populations in tires. Greater numbers of immature mosquitoes were found per unit surface area of the sampling device than the tire as a whole, demonstrating the immature mosquitoes were trapped by the sampler. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Undeen, AH AU - Becnel, J AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res., Lab., USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 101 EP - 103 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - biological sampling KW - insect larvae KW - measuring devices KW - measuring techniques KW - population levels KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Culex quinquefasciatus KW - population density KW - Brackish KW - Culicidae KW - developmental stages KW - Freshwater KW - Aedes albopictus KW - sampling KW - Diptera KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - Q1 08301:General KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16868735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=A+device+for+monitoring+populations+of+larval+mosquitoes+in+container+habitats&rft.au=Undeen%2C+AH%3BBecnel%2C+J&rft.aulast=Undeen&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - population density; biological sampling; sampling; measuring devices; developmental stages; insect larvae; measuring techniques; population levels; Culex quinquefasciatus; Culicidae; Diptera; Aedes albopictus; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fertilizer solution placement with a coulter-nozzle applicator AN - 16867241; 3578148 AB - Coulter-nozzle applicator implements have been introduced to cut residues and inject fertilizer solutions into shallow coulter slots for protection from rainfall runoff and increased nutrient use efficiency. Highly adhesive clay soils require the use of smooth coulters on these applicators, thereby producing a very narrow slot for deposition of the fertilizer. An experimental coulter-nozzle applicator was improved for use under these conditions and the fertilizer deposition pattern was established. The major improvement was selection of an industrial-type solid stream hydraulic nozzle to provide a coherent solid stream over the range of application pressures normally produced by common field spraying systems. Field test results indicated that fertilizer solution was placed deeper into the coulter slot by a thinner coulter blade, operating at a slower travel speed, in higher water content silty clay soil. Nozzle pressure was not a significant variable. There were no significant interactions between the test variables. The improved applicator and operational performance data will be used to quantify effects of fertilizer application techniques on surface runoff water quality. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Morrison, JE Jr AU - Potter, K N AD - USDA-ARS, Temple, TX, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 7 EP - 11 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - irrigation practices KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - agriculture KW - surface runoff KW - water quality control KW - irrigation KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16867241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Fertilizer+solution+placement+with+a+coulter-nozzle+applicator&rft.au=Morrison%2C+JE+Jr%3BPotter%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - runoff; fertilizers; erosion control; irrigation; surface runoff; water quality control; irrigation practices; agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A genetic linkage map for cattle AN - 16866946; 3578029 AB - We report the most extensive physically anchored linkage map for cattle produced to date. Three-hundred thirteen genetic markers ordered in 30 linkage groups, anchored to 24 autosomal chromosomes (n = 29), the X and Y chromosomes, four unanchored syntenic groups and two unassigned linkage groups spanning 2464 cM of the bovine genome are summarized. The map also assigns 19 type I loci to specific chromosomes and/or syntenic groups and four cosmid clones containing informative microsatellites to chromosomes 13, 25 and 29 anchoring syntenic groups U11, U7 and U8, respectively. This map provides the skeletal framework prerequisite to development of a comprehensive genetic map for cattle and analysis of economic trait loci (ETL). JF - Genetics AU - Bishop, MD AU - Kappes, S M AU - Keele, J W AU - Stone, R T AU - Sunden, SLF AU - Hawkins, G A AU - Solinas Toldo, S AU - Fries, R AU - Grosz, MD AD - USDA, ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Cent., Clay Cent., NE 68933-0166, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 619 EP - 639 VL - 136 IS - 2 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - cattle KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - linkage analysis KW - gene mapping KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16866946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=A+genetic+linkage+map+for+cattle&rft.au=Bishop%2C+MD%3BKappes%2C+S+M%3BKeele%2C+J+W%3BStone%2C+R+T%3BSunden%2C+SLF%3BHawkins%2C+G+A%3BSolinas+Toldo%2C+S%3BFries%2C+R%3BGrosz%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - linkage analysis; gene mapping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of crystal protein composition of Bacillus thuringiensis strains on cross-resistance in indianmeal moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 16864546; 3579226 AB - Cross-resistance spectra of colonies of Plodia interpunctella (Huebner) resistant to strains of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subspp. kurstaki, aizawai, and entomocidus reflected the toxin composition of the B. thuringiensis isolates used for selection. Subsp. kurstaki caused relatively narrow-spectrum resistance to CryIA(b) and CryIA(c) toxins. The subspp. aizawai and entomocidus strains caused broader-spectrum resistance to CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIB, CryIC, and CryIIA toxins. Thus, some isolates of subspp. aizawai and entomocidus can elicit resistance to half of the known B. thuringiensis toxins active against Lepidoptera. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - McGaughey, W H AU - Johnson, DE AD - U.S. Grain Market. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 535 EP - 540 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Plodia interpunctella KW - cross-resistance KW - Pyralidae KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pesticide resistance KW - proteins KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16864546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+crystal+protein+composition+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+strains+on+cross-resistance+in+indianmeal+moths+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=McGaughey%2C+W+H%3BJohnson%2C+DE&rft.aulast=McGaughey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cross-resistance; biological control; pesticide resistance; proteins; Plodia interpunctella; Pyralidae; Bacillus thuringiensis; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses to aggregation pheromones for five Carpophilus species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in a California date garden AN - 16861339; 3789914 AB - The nitidulid species, Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson, C. hemipterus (L.), C. freemani Dobson, and C. obsoletus Erichson, responded to their aggregation pheromones during a 17-mo study in a California date garden. The pheromones were dramatically synergized by volatiles from fermenting whole-wheat bread dough; pheromones alone attracted only 1.0-29% as many beetles as the combinations with dough, and dough alone attracted only 0-2.9% as many as the combinations. Unbaited controls caught no Carpophilus. C. mutilatus was the most abundant species, and individual trap catches were as high as 63,500 per week. Cross attraction was significant in some cases, especially for C. mutilatus responding to the pheromones of C. hemipterus and C. obsoletus but was minimal compared with responses to the species' own pheromones. The pheromone of C. lugubris Murray was also tested, but no C. lugubris were detected in the date garden. Two additional nitidulid species were caught consistently: C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.) and Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson). C. humeralis responded significantly to all of the pheromones but especially to those for C. hemipterus, C. lugubris, and C. obsoletus in combination with dough. H. luteolus was attracted only to the dough. Adult beetles were present in the dates on the ground throughout the year, but flight activity, as measured by trap catch, occurred erratically. All species had an intense period of flight activity in April and May, following a winter with favorable rains and an abundant food supply. This flight terminated abruptly when dates spilled to the ground during harvest and were hydrated by a rain storm. Flights of C. freemani, C. obsoletus, C. humeralis, and H. luteolus were more frequent in summer than for C. mutilatus or C. hemipterus. Flight activity during December and January was low for all species, but there was great variability in patterns of flight activity. The use of these pheromones is discussed in relation to pest management. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Bartelt, R J AU - Vetter, R S AU - Carlson, D G AU - Baker, T C AD - Bioactive Constituents Unit, USDA-ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1534 EP - 1543 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - USA, California KW - Nitidulidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Carpophilus KW - attractancy KW - aggregation pheromone KW - Phoenix dactylifera KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16861339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Responses+to+aggregation+pheromones+for+five+Carpophilus+species+%28Coleoptera%3A+Nitidulidae%29+in+a+California+date+garden&rft.au=Bartelt%2C+R+J%3BVetter%2C+R+S%3BCarlson%2C+D+G%3BBaker%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Bartelt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1534&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phoenix dactylifera; Nitidulidae; Coleoptera; Carpophilus; USA, California; aggregation pheromone; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of host plant, Gossypium hirsutum L., on sexual attraction of cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Huebner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16859492; 3789907 AB - Unmated female or male cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Huebner), were attracted more often in a flight tunnel to a cage with moths of the opposite sex and a bouquet of cotton foliage. Increased sexual attractiveness of females with plants may be a result of stimulation of pheromone release in response to plant odor, since more males were attracted when odor of cotton foliage was passed over females than when odor of females was passed over cotton foliage before venting into the flight tunnel. Increased sexual attractiveness of males with plants is due in part to host odor enhancement of female attraction to male pheromone, since more females were attracted to synthetic male pheromone (a blend of enantiomers of linalool and isomers of cresol) and a cotton leaf extract than were attracted to male pheromone alone. A short synthesis procedure was developed for (S)-(+)-linalool, the major component of the male sex pheromone, isolated from hair pencils, used in these tests. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Landolt, P J AU - Heath, R R AU - Millar, J G AU - Davis-Hernandez, K M AU - Dueben, B D AU - Ward, KE AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Attractants, Behav., and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 14565, 1700 S.W. 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2959 EP - 2974 VL - 20 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - sexual behavior KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - host plants KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - attractancy KW - kairomones KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16859492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+host+plant%2C+Gossypium+hirsutum+L.%2C+on+sexual+attraction+of+cabbage+looper+moths%2C+Trichoplusia+ni+%28Huebner%29+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Landolt%2C+P+J%3BHeath%2C+R+R%3BMillar%2C+J+G%3BDavis-Hernandez%2C+K+M%3BDueben%2C+B+D%3BWard%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Trichoplusia ni; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; host plants; attractancy; kairomones; sexual behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethanol and ambrosia beetles in Douglas fir logs with and without branches AN - 16859085; 3789603 AB - November-felled Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) logs with and without branches were left lying on the forest floor through August. In May, as the logs were being colonized by ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte), the ethanol, acetaldehyde, and water concentrations in the delimbed logs were significantly higher than in the branched logs. Since both log types received the same rainfall, lower water contents in branched logs was probably the result of absorbed water being transported through the branches via capillary movement and evaporation. Lower tissue water levels could have prevented the establishment and maintenance of anaerobic conditions, thus limiting the synthesis of acetaldehyde and ethanol in the branched logs. By late August, the beetle densities in delimbed logs were 9-16 times greater than in the branched logs. Log ethanol concentrations could be a key chemical factor affecting the ambrosia beetle attack densities. Acetaldehyde concentrations in the logs also may have affected the attack densities. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Kelsey, R G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3307 EP - 3320 VL - 20 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - ethanol KW - Gnathotrichus retusus KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - attraction KW - Trypodendron lineatum KW - host selection KW - population density KW - Coleoptera KW - volatiles KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16859085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Ethanol+and+ambrosia+beetles+in+Douglas+fir+logs+with+and+without+branches&rft.au=Kelsey%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; Trypodendron lineatum; Scolytidae; Coleoptera; attraction; population density; host selection; volatiles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-chain free fatty acids: Semiochemicals for host location by western corn rootworm larvae AN - 16859032; 3789602 AB - A bioassay-driven sequential fractionation scheme was used to isolate fractions of a crude dichloromethane maize seedling extract behaviorally active to larvae of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic (linoleic) acid, (Z)-9-octadecenoic (oleic) acid, and octadecanoic (stearic) acid were identified from a purified fraction of maize extract that was attractive to western corn rootworm larvae in choice tests with equal levels of carbon dioxide on both sides of the choice. When synthetic linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids were tested together in the amounts and proportions found in the attractive fraction (1000, 800, and 300 ng of linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids, respectively), significantly more western corn rootworm larvae were found on the side with synthetic free fatty acids plus carbon dioxide than on the side with carbon dioxide alone. Results of the choice-test bioassays were not significantly different when the synthetic blend of free fatty acids was substituted for the purified maize fraction. Neither the purified extract nor the synthetic blend was behaviorally active in preliminary single-choice experiments without carbon dioxide. Linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids were also tested individually in the choice test bioassay with carbon dioxide on both sides of the choice to determine a dose-response curve. Linoleic and oleic acid each had one dose that was significantly attractive in conjunction with carbon dioxide on both sides of the choice, but stearic acid was not active in the doses tested. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Hibbard, B E AU - Bernklau, E J AU - Bjostad, L B AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Genet. Res. Unit, RM. 101 Curtis Hall, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3335 EP - 3344 VL - 20 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - semiochemicals KW - Coleoptera KW - fatty acids KW - larvae KW - attraction KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - host selection KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32455:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16859032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Long-chain+free+fatty+acids%3A+Semiochemicals+for+host+location+by+western+corn+rootworm+larvae&rft.au=Hibbard%2C+B+E%3BBernklau%2C+E+J%3BBjostad%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Hibbard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - semiochemicals; larvae; fatty acids; attraction; host selection; Coleoptera; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Chrysomelidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 4-Allylanisole as an inhibitor of bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) aggregation AN - 16858166; 3789910 AB - To assess the extent of inhibitory activity of the host compound 4-allylanisole, we conducted field studies with three scolytid species. These species are geographically widespread and economically important. Trials were completed with Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (California), D. ponderosae Hopkins (Oregon), and Ips pini (Say) (Wisconsin) by using multiple-funnel traps with appropriate pheromone-based attractants. With the Dendroctonus species, the effects of 4-allylanisole were compared with verbenone, an aggregation inhibitor produced by beetles themselves. We also determined effects of the treatments on the most abundant coleopterous predators in each trial. Inhibition of bark beetle aggregation behavior by 4-allylanisole was demonstrated for D. ponderosae (Oregon) and I. pini (Wisconsin). In Oregon, 4-allylanisole reduced the catch of D. ponderosae at attractant-baited traps by 77%, whereas verbenone reduced the catch by 91% compared with attractant alone. Although both reductions were significant, the effect of verbenone was significantly greater than that of 4-allylanisole. In Wisconsin, addition of 4-allylanisole attractant-baited traps resulted in a significant reduction (43%) in numbers of I. pini caught, compared with attractant alone. In the California trials, mean trap catches of D. brevicomis were reduced by both 4-allylanisole (35%) and verbenone (27%) compared with attractant alone, but neither reduction was significant. Sex ratios of target scolytids were not affected by inhibitory treatments in any trial. The predator Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae) was not affected by 4-allylanisole in California; however, verbenone significantly reduced the number caught. Although captures were low, numbers of T. chlorodia caught by traps containing 4-allylanisole in Oregon were significantly higher than those containing verbenone or attractant alone (numbers in verbenone and attractant traps were not significantly different). Numbers of the predatory beetles counted in Wisconsin-Thanasimus dubius (F.) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), Platysoma parallelum Say (Coleoptara: Histeridae), and P. (Cylistix) cylindrica (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Histeridae)-were not affected by elution of 4-allylanisole with attractant. Implications of these results for protection of individual trees and management of bark beetle populations are discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Hayes, J L AU - Strom, B L AD - Southern Forest Exp. Stn., USDA-FS, Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1586 EP - 1594 VL - 87 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - 4-allylanisole KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - aggregation behavior KW - inhibitors KW - pest control KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16858166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=4-Allylanisole+as+an+inhibitor+of+bark+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+aggregation&rft.au=Hayes%2C+J+L%3BStrom%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleoptera; Scolytidae; inhibitors; aggregation behavior; pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbivore-induced volatile emissions from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings AN - 16857125; 3789605 AB - The effect of herbivory on the composition of the volatile blends released by cotton seedlings was investigated by collecting volatiles from undamaged, freshly damaged (0-2 hr after initiation of feeding), and old damaged (16-19 hr after initiation of feeding) plants on which corn earworm caterpillars (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) were actively feeding. A blend of 22 compounds was consistently observed to be emitted by the old damaged plants with nine occurring either only in, or in significantly greater amounts in old damaged, as compared with freshly damaged plants. These were (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, hexyl acetate, (E)- beta -ocimene, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-non-atriene, (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, (Z)-3-hexenyl 2-methylbutyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl 2-methylbutyrate, and indole. The nature of this response is compared with other studies where herbivore-induced volatile responses are also known. The presence of large amounts of terpenes and aldehydes seen at the onset of feeding and the appearance of other compounds hours later suggest that cotton defense mechanisms may consist of a constitutive repertoire that is augmented by an induced mechanism mobilized in response to attack. A number of the induced compounds are common to many plants where, in addition to an immediate defensive function, they are known to be involved in the attraction of natural enemies. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - McCall, P J AU - Turlings, TCJ AU - Loughrin, J AU - Proveaux, A T AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - Insect Attractants, Behav. and Basic Biol. Res. Lab. ARS/USDA, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3039 EP - 3050 VL - 20 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - phytoalexin KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - feeding KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - herbivory KW - Noctuidae KW - chemical composition KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - volatiles KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - R 18063:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16857125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Herbivore-induced+volatile+emissions+from+cotton+%28Gossypium+hirsutum+L.%29+seedlings&rft.au=McCall%2C+P+J%3BTurlings%2C+TCJ%3BLoughrin%2C+J%3BProveaux%2C+A+T%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=McCall&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; Gossypium hirsutum; volatiles; herbivory; feeding; chemical composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative studies of the effects of nutrient-based phagostimulants on six lepidopterous insect pests AN - 16856658; 3572596 AB - The effects of five commercial, nutrient-based phagostimulants-Pheast (AgriSense), Coax (CCT), Gusto (Atochem North America), Entice (Custom Chemicides), and Mo-Bait (Loveland Industries)-on the feeding behavior of six lepidopteran insect species were compared. The species were gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae); corn earworm, Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea (Boddie); fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); beet armyworm, S. exigua (Huebner) (Noctuidae); European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner) (Pyralidae); and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Plutellidae). Consumption of cellulose-agar media containing phagostimulants and of leaf disks treated with phagostimulants was measured. Comparisons of responses of larvae in terms of attraction and arrestancy were made with untreated filter paper or filter paper treated with phagostimulant. Large differences in consumption between phagostimulants were found when we used cellulose-agar media. However, differences in consumption were smaller when plant material was used as a substrate, especially in choice (treated versus control) tests. The four phagostimulants that contained high percentages of protein generally elicited stronger responses than the phagostimulant containing primarily sugars (Mo-Bait). Overall, Pheast tended to elicit the greatest response; Mo-Bait, elicited the least. Some attractancy and arrestancy were noted, except with L. dispar, but no differences between phagostimulants were found. The methods used here for the comparative evaluation of phagostimulants should be useful in developing practical applications of feeding stimulants to increase the efficacy of microbial and other insect control agents under practical field conditions. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Farrar, RR Jr AU - Ridgway, R L AD - Beltsville Agri. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 44 EP - 52 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - phagostimulants KW - Lepidoptera KW - nutrients KW - pests KW - feeding behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16856658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Comparative+studies+of+the+effects+of+nutrient-based+phagostimulants+on+six+lepidopterous+insect+pests&rft.au=Farrar%2C+RR+Jr%3BRidgway%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=RR&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepidoptera; phagostimulants; nutrients; pests; feeding behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oviposition on vegetables by Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): Temporal and leaf surface factors AN - 16856274; 3571774 AB - Selection of ovipositional site of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), strain B, was studied under field, greenhouse, and laboratory conditions on early vegetative growth of commercial cultivars of 10 vegetable crops: cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ssp. annuum), collard (Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala de Condolle), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers ssp. unguiculata), snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L. ssp. melopepo) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum. & Nakai ssp. lanatus. Feeding and oviposition started on the cotyledon stage and populations of immature B. tabaci increased over time on all crops in field and greenhouse trials. On most plants, from 90 to 95% of the eggs were laid on the lower surface, with no definitive change over time or among leaves of a given crop. In a laboratory choice test using detached leaves facing downward, the lower leaf surface of cantaloupe, squash, and watermelon, was preferred for oviposition as compared with the upper surface. However, the upper surface was preferred in cowpea. There was no preference for egg-laying between leaf surfaces on the six other vegetables in the laboratory. Four crops, cantaloupe, cowpea, snap bean, and squash were evaluated for whitefly geotropic response for oviposition, and there was a strong negative response. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Simmons, A M AD - U.S. Veg. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2875 Savannah Hgw., Charleston, SC 29414, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 381 EP - 389 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - vegetables KW - leaf characters KW - temporal variations KW - oviposition KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16856274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Oviposition+on+vegetables+by+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29%3A+Temporal+and+leaf+surface+factors&rft.au=Simmons%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; oviposition; temporal variations; leaf characters; vegetables ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in tree species diversity after successive clearcuts in the southern Appalachians AN - 16855079; 3780226 AB - A 16 ha watershed in the Coweeta Basin was clearcut in 1939 and 1962. Vegetation was inventoried in 1934 and at about 7-year intervals to 1991. After the first clearcut, tree diversity remained high until after the second cut. Diversity based on density and basal area decreased significantly 14 years after the second clearcut and remained low through 1991. Diversity was highest in the early establishment stage of stand development, then declined at the intermediate stage with canopy closure. Evenness based on basal area declined more than evenness based on density because basal area of Liriodendron tulipifera increased substantially from 1977 to 1991. Trends in diversity were due to changes in evenness rather than changes in species richness. JF - Vegetatio AU - Elliott, K J AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn., Coweeta Hydrol. Lab., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 0042-3106, 0042-3106 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA, North Carolina KW - species richness KW - clear cutting KW - species diversity KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16855079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=Changes+in+tree+species+diversity+after+successive+clearcuts+in+the+southern+Appalachians&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, North Carolina; forests; clear cutting; species diversity; species richness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of African horse sickness virus by reverse transcription-PCR AN - 16852250; 3569544 AB - Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect African horse sickness virus (AHSV). A single primer pair which amplified a 423-bp fragment of the S8 gene which encodes the NS2 protein of AHSV was identified. Amplification of this fragment from all nine serotypes of AHSV was achieved with these primers. Between 10 super(1) and 10 super(2) copies of AHSV genomic double-stranded RNA could be detected by RT-PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. Application of RT-PCR to blood samples from AHSV-infected horses resulted in earlier detection of viremia than virus isolation did. Furthermore, viremia was detected by RT-PCR in blood samples from horses infected with an avirulent isolate of AHSV which were negative by virus isolation. AHSV was also detected by RT-PCR in spleen and lung samples from horses which died of AHSV infection. These results indicate that RT-PCR is a rapid and sensitive method for the identification of horses infected with AHSV. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Stone-Marschat, M AU - Carville, A AU - Skowronek, A AU - Laegreid, W W AD - USDA ARS, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 697 EP - 700 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - NS2 protein KW - amplification KW - horses KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - detection KW - African horse sickness virus KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - reverse transcription KW - W2 32410:Veterinary Medicine: Diagnosis KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16852250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+African+horse+sickness+virus+by+reverse+transcription-PCR&rft.au=Stone-Marschat%2C+M%3BCarville%2C+A%3BSkowronek%2C+A%3BLaegreid%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Stone-Marschat&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription; African horse sickness virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canopy cover and tree regeneration in old-growth cove forests of the Appalachian Mountains AN - 16852122; 3780225 AB - Relationships between canopy cover and tree regeneration were determined for various species in cove forests of the Great Smoky Mountains. Old-growth stands were sampled with six plots covering a total area of 4.8 ha. Each plot was subdivided into contiguous 10 x 10 m quadrats. Canopy cover overlying each of the 480 quadrats was characterized with three different indices based on visual estimates of cover. Influences of: (1) overlying cover, (2) proximate openings, and (3) total area of proximate openings on quadrat regeneration densities were determined. Most species reproducing by seed and some species reproducing by vegetative means had higher densities in quadrats with openings, but only the intolerants were highly dependent on gaps. Tsuga canadensis, a very shade-tolerant species, was one of the few species with abundant regeneration beneath dense canopy cover. In general, understory areas near gaps had somewhat higher regeneration densities than other areas with overlying cover. Several shade-tolerant species showed a positive regeneration density response to canopy openings and an ability to regenerate in gaps 0.01-0.03 ha in area. These openings were too small for intolerant species. Many species exhibited a positive response to total size of the proximate opening(s). A sharp increase in regeneration density with area of the opening(s) was evident at approximately 0.04 ha for the shade-intolerant species. JF - Vegetatio AU - Busing, R T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 19 EP - 27 VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 0042-3106, 0042-3106 KW - USA, Great Smoky Mts. KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - gaps KW - regeneration KW - old growth KW - canopies KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16852122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=Canopy+cover+and+tree+regeneration+in+old-growth+cove+forests+of+the+Appalachian+Mountains&rft.au=Busing%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Busing&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; old growth; regeneration; canopies; gaps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - White-belted coloration in a masked shrew, Sorex cinereus, from Massachusetts AN - 16852086; 3780229 AB - A Masked Shrew (Sorex cinereus) with white-belted coloration pattern was captured in a mixed deciduous-coniferous forest in central Massachusetts. Only one other published record of this pelage condition in S. cinereus was found in an intensive search of the literature and no similarily colored specimens were found in collections of several national or regional museums. JF - Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa ON AU - Brooks, R T AU - Doyle, K L AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Northeast. Forest Exp. Stn., Holdsworth Hall, Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 491 EP - 492 VL - 108 IS - 4 SN - 0008-3550, 0008-3550 KW - Sorex cinerus KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - coloration KW - pelage KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16852086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+field-naturalist.+Ottawa+ON&rft.atitle=White-belted+coloration+in+a+masked+shrew%2C+Sorex+cinereus%2C+from+Massachusetts&rft.au=Brooks%2C+R+T%3BDoyle%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+field-naturalist.+Ottawa+ON&rft.issn=00083550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Massachusetts; coloration; pelage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of two sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Artemisia annua on physiology of Lemna minor AN - 16851567; 3571367 AB - The effects of artemisinin and arteannuic acid extracted from Artemisia annua on the physiology of Lemna minor were evaluated. Changes in frond production, growth, dry weight, and chlorophyll content of L. minor were determined. Photosynthesis and respiration were evaluated with a differential respirometer. Artemisinin (5 mu M) inhibited L. minor frond production and dry weight 82 and 83%, relative to methanol controls. Chlorophyll content was reduced 44% by artemisinin (2.5 mu M). Arteannuic acid (10 mu M) was less active, inhibiting frond production 61% and reducing chlorophyll content 66% at 5 mu M. Artemisinin (1 mu M) reduced L. minor photosynthesis 30% and 2.5 mu M reduced respiration 39%. Arteannuic acid had no significant effect on photosynthesis or respiration at the levels tested. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Stiles, L H AU - Leather, G R AU - Chen, P K AD - USDA-ARS, Frederick, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 969 EP - 977 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - allelopathy KW - botanical resources KW - growth inhibition test KW - lactones KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - metabolites KW - Lemna minor KW - inhibitors KW - Freshwater KW - Artemisia annua KW - growth KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08625:Non-edible products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16851567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+two+sesquiterpene+lactones+isolated+from+Artemisia+annua+on+physiology+of+Lemna+minor&rft.au=Stiles%2C+L+H%3BLeather%2C+G+R%3BChen%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - botanical resources; metabolites; inhibitors; growth; allelopathy; growth inhibition test; Lemna minor; Artemisia annua; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population structure of a predatory beetle: The importance of gene flow for intertrophic level interactions AN - 16850757; 3568939 AB - Migration and gene flow of natural enemies play an important role in the stability of predator-prey interactions and community organization in both natural and managed systems. Yet, relative to that of their herbivorous insect prey, the genetic structure of natural enemy populations has been little studied. We present evidence that populations of the predatory coccinellid beetle Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), are not genetically subdivided and that levels of gene flow among these populations are extremely high. Furthermore, in the same geographical area, gene flow of C. maculata was significantly (one order of magnitude) greater than that of an abundant prey species, the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The high mobility of this natural enemy relative to the insect herbivores on which it feeds may contribute to its effectiveness as a biological control agent in agricultural systems. JF - Heredity AU - Coll, M AU - Garcia de Mendoza, L AU - Roderick, G K AD - USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab., BARC-E., Build. 402, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 228 EP - 236 VL - 72 IS - 3 SN - 0018-067X, 0018-067X KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - migration KW - predator-prey interactions KW - Coleoptera KW - gene flow KW - Coleomegilla maculata KW - population structure KW - Coccinellidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects KW - G 07290:Population genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heredity&rft.atitle=Population+structure+of+a+predatory+beetle%3A+The+importance+of+gene+flow+for+intertrophic+level+interactions&rft.au=Coll%2C+M%3BGarcia+de+Mendoza%2C+L%3BRoderick%2C+G+K&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Heredity&rft.issn=0018067X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleomegilla maculata; Coccinellidae; Coleoptera; gene flow; migration; predator-prey interactions; population structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of nonhost plants on an insect herbivore in diverse habitats AN - 16850380; 3567375 AB - Vegetation texture (i.e., plant density, species diversity, and structural complexity) may influence the abundance of a herbivore by affecting its movement, altering the suitability of host plants, and by changing the herbivore's vulnerability to attack by natural enemies. We investigated these effects on the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) on snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) growing in high- and low-density monocultures and intercropped with short (0.5 m) or tall (1.2 m) corn plants (Zea mays). Beetle populations consistently reached higher densities on beans in monocultures than on beans intercropped with tall corn. Neither bean plant density nor plant species diversity alone significantly affected beetle abundance. Instead, the presence of tall corn plants contributed most to lower bean beetle density in the tall corn-bean intercrop, primarily by reducing adult colonization. However, the tall corn also increased the suitability of intercropped bean plants to the beetles because adults preferred to feed on and larvae developed faster on beans in the tall corn-bean habitat. Host plant effects were independent of the influence of microclimate and risk of predation. Abundance of natural enemies of the bean beetle was low, and overall, predator density and bean beetle larval survival did not differ significantly among habitats. However, it is difficult to predict the effect of mortality factors, such as natural enemies, on bean beetle populations because larval mortality over time was affected by habitat type (i.e., there was a significant interaction between habitat type and time). Our results were partially consistent with the resource concentration hypothesis. Whereas Mexican bean beetles colonized bean monocultures more readily than they did tall corn-bean diculture, the presence of more suitable host plants in the diculture acted to increase, rather than decrease, bean beetle density in the tall corn-bean habitat. However, higher adult feeding preference and faster larval development on beans in the tall corn-bean habitat did not offset lower adult colonization in this habitat. JF - Ecology AU - Coll, M AU - Bottrell, D G AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab., Build. 402, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 723 EP - 731 VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Epilacha varivestis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Coleoptera KW - host plants KW - habitat utilization KW - Coccinellidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+nonhost+plants+on+an+insect+herbivore+in+diverse+habitats&rft.au=Coll%2C+M%3BBottrell%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coccinellidae; Coleoptera; population density; habitat utilization; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consideration of the taxonomy and biodiversity of Australian ectomycorrhizal fungi AN - 16850305; 3567332 AB - Mycorrhiza management in forestry must be predicated on an understanding of fungal biology and ecology. A fundamental building block of the biology and ecology of any organism is accurate identification and an understanding of its relationship to other organisms. The taxonomy of the larger fungi has been largely based on morphological classification of sexual structures but now Taxonomy routinely incorporates mating studies, and biochemical and molecular data. Taxonomy may not revolutionize theories on mycorrhiza but can clarify some of the inconsistencies due to misrepresentation or over-generalizations and inappropriate conclusions drawn from studies with inaccurately identified fungi. To illustrate this, we discuss an example where incorrect fungal names were repeatedly erroneously applied in morphological and physiological research reports on this fungus, e.g. Laccaria laccata. In this case subsequent taxonomic study revealed the reason for the conflicting research results reported for this fungus. We discuss the status of identifying the ectomycorrhizal fungi in various forest communities in Australia and the relationships of this process to assessing their use in forestry. Recent intensive efforts to collect, isolate and identify Australian ectomycorrhizal fungi have revealed an enormous and unique species diversity, e.g., for truffle-like fungi, over 2000 collections from the last five years alone have yielded 2 new families, 24 new genera, and about 184 new species. Nearly 95% of the described and undescribed fungi from Australia are novel, with some 22 genera and 3 families endemic. In most cases the current systematic knowledge of mycorrhizal fungi is inadequate to support clear framework for Australian taxa. This reflects the traditional Northern Hemisphere view of the world, the uniqueness of the Australian fungal flora, and how poorly it is known. For example, the genus Hymenogaster had been widely acknowledged as the most reduced member of the Cortinariaceae. However recent work on Hymenogaster species from the Southern Hemisphere has offered a number of alternative affinities to various species. We also discuss the role proper identification of the organisms involved plays in understanding the ecosystem. Emphasis should be placed on how species diversity equates with physiological and genetic diversity and how a sound taxonomic understanding of species and their systematic position is essential to properly manage them. Accurate taxonomic information will continue to be required as the basis for assessing the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in sustained ecological development. Of particular significance is the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in maintenance of plant diversity in natural ecosystems and those disturbed by management. In conclusion, we present some key research areas involving the use of taxonomy that need priority attention. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Castellano, MA AU - Bougher, N L AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., For. Sci. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 46 VL - 159 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - mycorrhizas KW - Australia KW - taxonomy KW - species diversity KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Consideration+of+the+taxonomy+and+biodiversity+of+Australian+ectomycorrhizal+fungi&rft.au=Castellano%2C+MA%3BBougher%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=Castellano&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australia; mycorrhizas; taxonomy; species diversity; forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental response of nymphs of Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) reared with low numbers of prey AN - 16850251; 3568886 AB - Effects of maternal diet, maternal age, and nymphal diet on developmental time and survivorship of nymphs of Podisus maculiventris (Say) were studied using Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant as prey. Developmental time of nymphs was shorter if nymphs were well fed and came from well fed and young mothers than if nymphs were poorly fed and came from poorly fed and older mothers. Nymphal survival was related to nymphal diet. Well-fed nymphs showed higher survivorship than poorly fed nymphs. Nymphs supplied prey at the lowest rates failed to reach adulthood and died, usually in the act of molting. Body sizes of adults from well-fed nymphs were larger than those from poorly fed nymphs. Impact of maternal effects on population dynamics of P. maculiventris is discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Legaspi, J C AU - O'Neil, R J AD - Biol. Control Pests Res. Unit, BCPRU-USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 374 EP - 380 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - nymphs KW - food availability KW - development KW - feeding KW - prey KW - Pentatomidae KW - Hemiptera KW - Podisus maculiventris KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Developmental+response+of+nymphs+of+Podisus+maculiventris+%28Heteroptera%3A+Pentatomidae%29+reared+with+low+numbers+of+prey&rft.au=Legaspi%2C+J+C%3BO%27Neil%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Legaspi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Podisus maculiventris; Pentatomidae; Hemiptera; food availability; development; prey; feeding; nymphs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative assessment of groundwater quality using a biological indicator: Some preliminary observations AN - 16849416; 3572429 AB - The genotoxicity of groundwater was evaluated, using a novel application of the SOS microplate assay (SOSMA). Organic residues were extracted from groundwater samples from Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware by using C-18 bonded silica solid phase extraction tubes. Total organic carbon content (TOC) of water samples was also determined. The genotoxicity of the extracts was determined by the SOSMA. Relative activity (RA) as determined by the SOSMA is a quantitative measure of genotoxicity based on a comparison to the activity of the mutagen, 4-nitroquinoline oxide. Low levels of RA (about 2x background) were detected in waters from sites within these states. There was considerable temporal and spatial variation in the observed RA, but no definite patterns were observed in the variation. Between sampling sites there was a positive correlation between RA and TOC; however, this relationship appeared to be reversed occasionally within a sampling site. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Pfeil, R M AU - Venkat, JA AU - Plimmer, J R AU - Sham, S AU - Davis, K AU - Nair, P P AD - Environ. Chem. Lab., Nat. Resour. Inst., USDA-ARS, Build. 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 201 EP - 207 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - SOS microplate assay KW - ground water KW - quality KW - assessment KW - bioassays KW - genotoxicity testing KW - SOS repair KW - bioassay KW - groundwater KW - bioindicators KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - water quality KW - drinking water KW - water analysis KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16849416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+assessment+of+groundwater+quality+using+a+biological+indicator%3A+Some+preliminary+observations&rft.au=Pfeil%2C+R+M%3BVenkat%2C+JA%3BPlimmer%2C+J+R%3BSham%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+K%3BNair%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Pfeil&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - groundwater; water quality; drinking water; water analysis; bioassay; bioindicators; bioassays; genotoxicity testing; ground water; quality; SOS repair ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The functioning of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field: Linkages in space and time AN - 16848860; 3567354 AB - Individual trees, either of the same or different species, can be linked spatially and temporally by the hyphae of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi that allow carbon and nutrients to pass among them and promote forest establishment following disturbance. Spatial and temporal linkages between plants influence the function of ECM fungi in the field. Studies indicate that ECM linkages can reduce plant competition for resources, promote forest recovery, and influence the pattern of plant succession. The degree of influence depends on many factors, including the composition and arrangement of the vegetative community and soil and climatic conditions. Management practices that create intense disturbance and loss of organic matter or promote the introduction of non-ectomycorrhizal host species can decrease the ability of plants to form linkages with ECM fungi. Management practices that retain living trees and shrubs and input of organic matter provide the energy source and substrate necessary for ECM linkages. More research is needed to determine the degree to which ECM fungal linkages occur in the field and their role in ecosystem function and long-term health. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Amaranthus, M P AU - Perry, DA AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Portland, OR 97208-3890, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 133 EP - 140 VL - 159 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - hyphal linkages KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - nutrient transport KW - trees KW - ectomycorrhizas KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16848860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=The+functioning+of+ectomycorrhizal+fungi+in+the+field%3A+Linkages+in+space+and+time&rft.au=Amaranthus%2C+M+P%3BPerry%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Amaranthus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trees; ectomycorrhizas; nutrient transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Periplasmic location of Brucella abortus Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase AN - 16848840; 3570909 AB - Two types of superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been found in Brucella abortus, a cytosolic Mn-SOD and a Cu/Zn-SOD of unknown location. We sought to determine the subcellular location of Cu/Zn-SOD in B. abortus ST 19. We report a modified spheroplasting procedure for the release of periplasmic contents from B. abortus cells using a dipolar ionic detergent, Zwittergent 316. This detergent, used in place of EDTA, destabilizes the outer membrane sufficiently to allow penetration of lysozyme and the subsequent selective release of periplasmic proteins by osmotic shock. Cytoplasmic cross-contamination of periplasmic fractions was assessed by assaying for malate dehydrogenase activity. Cyanide-sensitive and cyanide-insensitive SOD activity was measured by both the xanthine oxidase-cytochrome c method and a hematoxylin assay. Results suggest that B. abortus Cu/Zn-SOD activity is periplasmic. This swittergent-lysozyme extraction procedure may be applicable to the separation, isolation and characterization of many other periplasmic proteins of B. abortus and other Gram-negative organisms especially when cytosolic contamination is undesirable. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Stabel, T J AU - Sha, Z AU - Mayfield, JE AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 307 EP - 314 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - periplasm KW - superoxide dismutase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - localization KW - Brucella abortus KW - osmotic shock KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16848840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Periplasmic+location+of+Brucella+abortus+Cu%2FZn+superoxide+dismutase&rft.au=Stabel%2C+T+J%3BSha%2C+Z%3BMayfield%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; localization; osmotic shock ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Avian heterophils and monocytes: Phagocytic and bactericidal activities against Salmonella enteritidis AN - 16848803; 3570908 AB - The ability of heterophils and monocytes from domestic chickens and turkeys to phagocytize and kill Salmonella enteritidis (SE) was investigated using both a standard plate count (chickens only) and direct microscopic examination by staining with acridine orange (both chickens and turkeys). Optimal phagocytosis of SE by both chicken and turkey phagocytes required opsonization of the bacteria by antibodies as determined by both assays. However, heterophils from both the turkeys and chickens phagocytized more SE than did monocytes from either type of fowl. Regardless of the presence or absence of antibodies, heterophils were more efficient bactericidal cells than were the monocytes since only heterophils killed the intracellular bacteria while the majority of nonopsonized SE survived in the monocytes. Phagocytosis of SE did not result in an increase in the amount of superoxide anion released by the heterophils suggesting that the ultimate fate of the bacteria in these cells was not related to an oxygen-dependent mechanism. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Stabler, J G AU - McCormick, T W AU - Powell, K C AU - Kogut, M H AD - USDA-ARS, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Rte. 5, Box 810, College Station, TX, 72701, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 293 EP - 305 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - leukocytes (phagocytic) KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - poultry KW - bactericidal activity KW - killing KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16848803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Avian+heterophils+and+monocytes%3A+Phagocytic+and+bactericidal+activities+against+Salmonella+enteritidis&rft.au=Stabler%2C+J+G%3BMcCormick%2C+T+W%3BPowell%2C+K+C%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Stabler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; bactericidal activity; poultry; killing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foreign gene expression in transgenic cereals AN - 16847389; 3562280 AB - Recent advances in transformation technology have resulted in the routine production of transgenic plants for an increasing number of cereal species. With a view to improving cereal quality and agronomic performance by genetic engineering, attention is beginning to focus on the characterization of those molecular elements that will be used to regulate foreign gene expression in transgenic cereals. JF - Trends in Biotechnology AU - McElroy, D AU - Brettell, RIS AD - USDA/ARS Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 62 EP - 68 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7799, 0167-7799 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - transgenic plants KW - gene expression KW - cereals KW - transformation KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16847389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Foreign+gene+expression+in+transgenic+cereals&rft.au=McElroy%2C+D%3BBrettell%2C+RIS&rft.aulast=McElroy&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01677799&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transgenic plants; gene expression; cereals; transformation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water stability of shrimp pellet: A review AN - 16846922; 3781801 AB - The quality of shrimp diets is determined not only by their nutritional make-up but also by their physical properties, especially water stability. Shrimp pellets should be physically stable to minimize disintegration and loss of water-soluble nutrients upon exposure to water, and during the ingestion process. Water stability can be improved through the use of binders. A wide variety of natural modified or synthetic products have been tested as binders with varying degrees of success. The water stability of pellets can also be greatly improved by proper selection of feed ingredients, processing techniques and the use of proper processing equipment. However, the degree and duration of water stability required can be lower if diets possess suitable texture, size or shape and contain chemotactically-attractive substances (attractants) which enhance feed consumption. Proper feed distribution and daily feeding schedule, and more frequent feeding decrease the time in which feeds must remain in the water, and thereby reduce the duration of pellet water stability required. JF - Asian fisheries science. Metro Manila AU - Lim, C AU - Cuzon, G AD - USDA-ARS-PWA, Trop. Aquacult. Res. Unit, Hawaii Inst. Mar. Biol., P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 115 EP - 127 VL - 7 IS - 2-3 SN - 0116-6514, 0116-6514 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - artificial feeding KW - feed preparation KW - diets KW - shrimp culture KW - pellet feeds KW - aquaculture techniques KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16846922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+fisheries+science.+Metro+Manila&rft.atitle=Water+stability+of+shrimp+pellet%3A+A+review&rft.au=Lim%2C+C%3BCuzon%2C+G&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Asian+fisheries+science.+Metro+Manila&rft.issn=01166514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - artificial feeding; feed preparation; diets; aquaculture techniques; pellet feeds; shrimp culture; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lachnospira pectinoschiza sp. nov., an anaerobic pectinophile from the pig intestine AN - 16846882; 3562065 AB - Pectinophiles are bacteria that utilize pectin and only a few related compounds as substrates. Obligately anaerobic pectinophiles have been isolated from the intestinal tracts and gingivae of humans and from the rumina of cattle. We isolated three strains of pectinophilic bacteria from colonic contents of pigs but were unable to isolate pectinophiles from the rumen contents of four sheep, even when the animals were fed a high-pectin diet. The pectinophiles isolated from pigs were strictly anaerobic, motile, gram-positive rods (0.36 to 0.56 by 2.4 to 3.1 mu m). Pectin, polygalacturonic acid, and gluconate were the only substrates that supported rapid growth. All three strains grew slowly on either lactose or cellobiose and fermented fructose after a lag of several days. Pectin was degraded by means of an extracellular pectin methylesterase and a Ca super(2+)-dependent exopectate lyase. A comparison of the 16S rRNA sequences of these isolates with the 16S rRNA sequences of other gram-positive bacteria revealed a specific relationship with Lachnospira multipara (level of similarity, 94%). The Gram reaction, formation of spore-like structures, and the utilization of lactose and cellobiose differentiated the pig isolates from previously described pectinophiles. The pig isolates represent a previously undescribed species of the genus Lachnospira, for which we propose the name Lachnospira pectinoschiza. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Cornick, NA AU - Jensen, N S AU - Stahl, DA AU - Hartman, P A AU - Allison, MJ AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 87 EP - 93 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Lachnospira pectinoschiza KW - sp. nov. KW - rRNA 16S KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - fatty acid composition KW - base composition KW - intestine KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16846882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Lachnospira+pectinoschiza+sp.+nov.%2C+an+anaerobic+pectinophile+from+the+pig+intestine&rft.au=Cornick%2C+NA%3BJensen%2C+N+S%3BStahl%2C+DA%3BHartman%2C+P+A%3BAllison%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Cornick&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fatty acid composition; base composition; nucleotide sequence; intestine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in stored wheat under fall and winter temperature conditions AN - 16846652; 3568924 AB - Cold temperature survivorship of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) populations with a natural age structure in stored wheat was estimated for a natural fall cooling rate of 2 degree C per week and winter temperatures of 17, 13, 9, and 5 degree C. Logistic equations were fitted to the data to predict the survivorships of the adults outside kernels and immatures and preemergent adults inside kernels as a function of exposure time over the 5-17 degree C temperature range. During the acclimation period, many insects died and roughly 80, 55, and 25% of the insects were alive after temperatures had decreased at a rate of 2 degree C per week from 17 degree C to 13, 9, and 5 degree C, respectively. At the end of cold temperature exposure period, many R. dominica survived at 17 degree C, a few at 13 degree C, but none at 5 or 9 degree C. The colder the temperature the more rapidly survivorship decreased. The mostly immature insect population inside kernels was killed less rapidly than the external adult population at 5 and 9 degree C and more rapidly at 13 and 17 degree C. Daily survival rates decreased and then increased again indicating that those insects surviving short exposures to cold temperatures had a greater chance of surviving long exposures to cold temperatures. These equations will help extend our population model to predict the survival of R. dominica populations in sotred wheat through the winter. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hagstrum, D W AU - Flinn, P W AD - U.S. Grain Market. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 390 EP - 395 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Rhyzopertha dominica KW - Coleoptera KW - Bostrichidae KW - stored products KW - Triticum aestivum KW - seasonal variations KW - survival KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16846652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Rhyzopertha+dominica+%28Coleoptera%3A+Bostrichidae%29+in+stored+wheat+under+fall+and+winter+temperature+conditions&rft.au=Hagstrum%2C+D+W%3BFlinn%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Hagstrum&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhyzopertha dominica; Bostrichidae; Coleoptera; Triticum aestivum; survival; stored products; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental effects on wetlands of Queletox registered applied to ploceid roosts in Kenya AN - 16844473; 3569286 AB - Queletox registered (Fenthion) is widely used in Africa to kill birds that eat cereal crops. Applications of Queletox have been reported to kill nontarget animals and contaminate areas used by livestock and humans. In 1988, we evaluated Queletox treatments to wetland roosts at the Njoro dam (2.88 kg/ha) and Gicheha farm (12.0 kg/ha) near Nakuru, Kenya. Fenthion deposits measured in the roosts ranged up to 1,100 g/ha, but were >1.0 g/ha at distances of 100 m or more from roosts. Following applications, 61 birds of 14 species at the Njoro dam and 22 birds of eight species at the Gicheha farm were found dead or severely debilitated. However, the general abundance of waterfowl, wading birds, plovers, doves, and passerines seemed unaffected. Residues in crop contents of 11 dead birds ranged up to 11.0 ppm, substantiating death from fenthion. Fenthion residues (2.2-750 mu g) recovered from skin and feathers of 36 dead birds were sufficient to have been hazardous to predators and scavengers. Neither amphibians nor fishes were affected by treatments. At the Njoro dam, scarabids, dytiscids, and notonectids were killed, and their numbers decreased; many insects also were killed at the Gicheha farm. The abundance of these groups, however, had increased within 6 d post-treatment. Fenthion residues of 1.8 to 17 ppb were found in positive water samples for up to 5 d post-treatment. All sampled vegetation had temporarily hazardous residues; levels ranged up to 83 ppm on grasses but had decreased to <1.0 after 3 d. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Keith, JO AU - Ngondi, J G AU - Bruggers, R L AU - Kimball, BA AU - Elliott, CCH AD - Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., USDA/APHIS, P.O. Box 25266, Denver, CO 80225-0266, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 333 EP - 341 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Queletox registered KW - chemcontrol KW - Kenya, Nakuru KW - birds KW - organophosphates KW - fenthion KW - pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - environmental effects KW - nontarget organisms KW - residues KW - Aves KW - Ecology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - insecticides KW - water sampling KW - wetlands KW - water analysis KW - pesticides KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16844473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Environmental+effects+on+wetlands+of+Queletox+registered+applied+to+ploceid+roosts+in+Kenya&rft.au=Keith%2C+JO%3BNgondi%2C+J+G%3BBruggers%2C+R+L%3BKimball%2C+BA%3BElliott%2C+CCH&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; environmental effects; chemcontrol; pesticides; water sampling; water analysis; wetlands; birds; insecticides; organophosphates; residues; nontarget organisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of organic solvents on use of tarbush by sheep AN - 16844034; 3564681 AB - Tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC) is a native perennial shrub prevalent in many parts of the Chihuahuan Desert. Ruminants have exhibited limited use of tarbush leaves and new leaders as a forage during the summer growing season. Efforts to increase use of tarbush by lambs through spraying with various organic solvents were unsuccessful, probably because of the highly variable response. However, complete immersion of tarbush in organic solvents (acetone and ethanol) increased (P < 0.01) tarbush use by ram lambs when compared to unaltered tarbush. Data suggest that removal of secondary compounds from the leaf surface of tarbush using organic solvents enhanced acceptability of tarbush to sheep. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Estell, R E AU - Anderson, D M AU - Havstad, K M AD - USDA-ARS, Jornada Exp. Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1137 EP - 1142 VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - sheep KW - organic solvents KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - foraging behavior KW - Flourensia cernua KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25887:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16844034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+organic+solvents+on+use+of+tarbush+by+sheep&rft.au=Estell%2C+R+E%3BAnderson%2C+D+M%3BHavstad%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Estell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flourensia cernua; foraging behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cottage cheese (acid) whey effects on sodic soil aggregate stability AN - 16841006; 3564270 AB - Whey applications reduce a sodic soil's exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and increase its infiltration rate. Whey's effects on aggregate stability (AS), however, have been less well documented. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine: (1) AS response to whey additions, (2) the profile depth to which surface-applied whey affected AS, and (3) the relationship between AS and SAR for an illitic soil. Greenhouse lysimeters packed with a Freedom silt loam (Xerollic Calciorthid) received either 0, 25, 50, or 100 mm of whey (equivalent to 0, 253, 505, and 1010 Mg ha super(-1) of liquid whey). After drying, the surface 150 mm was removed, mixed, and replaced. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Ludd') was then planted and grown to maturity by irrigating weekly. After harvest, AS was measured by wet sieving. A companion field study was conducted to determine the effects of whey applications and flood irrigations on AS. In Declo silt loam (Xerollic Calciorthid), 2 x 2 m basins received 0, 25, 50, or 100 mm of whey, followed by 100, 75, 50, or 0 mm of water, respectively. One week later, each basin was cultivated (to z = 100 mm) and smoothed. After four 150-mm irrigations, AS was measured on the 0- to 10-, 10- to 50-, and 50- to 150-mm depth increments. Greenhouse results indicated that AS increased significantly with whey additions, though only in the tilled 0- to 150-mm depth increment. Over two ranges, AS increased linearly with SAR decreases resulting from whey applications. In the upper 50 mm of soil in the field basins, AS also increased linearly from 33 to 75% with whey additions up to 50 mm. Cottage cheese whey improved the AS of sodic soil horizons into which it was incorporated. JF - Arid Land Research and Management AU - Lehrsch, G A AU - Robbins, C W AU - Hansen, CL AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Unit, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83341-5076, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 19 EP - 31 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0890-3069, 0890-3069 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - soil structure KW - soil amendment KW - land reclamation KW - whey KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16841006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arid+Land+Research+and+Management&rft.atitle=Cottage+cheese+%28acid%29+whey+effects+on+sodic+soil+aggregate+stability&rft.au=Lehrsch%2C+G+A%3BRobbins%2C+C+W%3BHansen%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Lehrsch&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arid+Land+Research+and+Management&rft.issn=08903069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil structure; land reclamation; soil amendment; whey ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass propagation of Archytas marmoratus (Diptera: Tachinidae) AN - 16834583; 3559841 AB - Opportunities to advance natural enemy augmentation rapidly against major insect pests of American agriculture are primarily limited by the inability to mass propagate quality entomophages efficiently and economically. Efforts to advance mass propagation of Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) on the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), are reported. When maggots of A. marmoratus were mechanically extracted from fecund females and applied in aqueous suspension into corrugated cardboard disks (13 cm diameter by 2 cm depth) (19.5 maggots per cm super(2)) against ) 600 mature larvae of G. mellonella, a mean of 375.3 adult A. marmoratus (62.8% recovery) were subsequently produced. The highest percentage recovery of A. marmoratus adults (87.3%) occurred when individually exposed G. mellonella larvae ranged from 250 to 299 mg in weight. A. marmoratus maggots contained within corrugated cardboard disks were effectively stored for 72 h at 10 and 18 degree C before G. mellonella larvae were introduced for parasitism without significantly affecting the percentage recovery of A. marmoratus adults. A. marmoratus held for development on larvae and pupae of G. mellonella within corrugated cardboard disks at 29 degree C, 65% RH, and 14:10 (L:D) photophase emerged over 9 d, with initial emergence of males preceding females by 1 d and peak emergence of males and females occurring on days 4 and 5, respectively. Opportunities for augmentation of A. marmoratus are also discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Gross, H R AD - Insect Biol. and Popul. Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 183 EP - 189 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - mass rearing KW - Tachinidae KW - laboratories KW - Archytas marmoratus KW - Diptera KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16834583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Mass+propagation+of+Archytas+marmoratus+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29&rft.au=Gross%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Archytas marmoratus; Tachinidae; Diptera; mass rearing; laboratories; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tolerance of bitter compounds by an herbivore, Cavia porcellus AN - 16833900; 3559088 AB - Many plant defensive chemicals are bitter to humans. Because of this taste characteristic, and because bitter compounds are often toxic, such substances, and the plants that contain them, are regarded as generally unpalatable to wildlife. These assumptions may be unwarranted. To test the hypothesis that herbivores are indifferent to `bitter' tastants, we investigated the responsiveness of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) to denatonium benzoate, denatonium saccharide, limonene, L-phenylalanine, naringin, quebracho, quinine, Ro-Pel (a commercial animal repellent containing denatonium saccharide) and sucrose octaacetate. Only quinine and sucrose octaacetate slightly but significantly reduced feeding (P < 0.05). Our findings are inconsistent with the notion that herbivores generally avoid what humans describe as bitter tastes. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Nolte, D L AU - Mason, J R AU - Lewis, S L AD - USDA, Anim. and Plant Health Insp. Serv., Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 1835 Black Lake Blvd. SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 303 EP - 308 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - guinea-pigs KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - plants KW - antifeedants KW - bitterness KW - tolerance KW - feeding behavior KW - Cavia porcellus KW - Y 25497:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - R 18059:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16833900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Tolerance+of+bitter+compounds+by+an+herbivore%2C+Cavia+porcellus&rft.au=Nolte%2C+D+L%3BMason%2C+J+R%3BLewis%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cavia porcellus; feeding behavior; tolerance; bitterness; antifeedants; plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical and genetic map of the Serpulina hyodysenteriae B78 super(T) chromosome AN - 16831925; 3562503 AB - A combined physical and genetic map of the Serpulina hyodysenteriae B78 super(T) genome was constructed by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and DNA blot hybridizations. The S. hyodysenteriae genome is a single circular chromosome about 3.2 Mb in size. The physical map of the chromosome was constructed with the restriction enzymes BssHII, EclXI, NotI, SalI, and SmaI. The physical map was used to construct a linkage map for genes encoding rRNA, flagellum subunit proteins, DNA gyrase, NADH oxidase, and three distinct hemolysins. Several flaB2-related loci, encoding core flagellum subunit proteins, were detected and are dispersed around the chromosome. The rRNA gene organization in S. hyodysenteriae is unusual. S. hyodysenteriae has one gene each for 5S (rrf), 16S (rrs), and 23S (rrl) rRNAs. The rrf and rrl genes are closely linked (within 5 kb), while the rrs gene is about 860 kb from the other two rRNA genes. Using a probe for the S. hyodysenteriae gyrA gene, we identified a possible location for the chromosomal replication origin. The size and genetic organization of the S. hyodysenteriae chromosome are different from those of previously characterized spirochetes. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Zuerner, R L AU - Stanton, T B AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1087 EP - 1092 VL - 176 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - swine dysentary KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - mapping KW - analysis KW - chromosomes KW - DNA KW - hybridization KW - Serpulina hyodysenteriae KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16831925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Physical+and+genetic+map+of+the+Serpulina+hyodysenteriae+B78+super%28T%29+chromosome&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R+L%3BStanton%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1087&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serpulina hyodysenteriae; mapping; chromosomes; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; DNA; hybridization; analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supercritical fluid extraction and HPLC analysis of benzimidazole fungicides in potato, apple, and banana AN - 16831269; 3772367 AB - An analytical method employing supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the benzimidazole fungicides thiabendazole, benomyl/carbendazim, and thiophanate-methyl was developed and tested with potato, banana, and apple matrices. Ion-pairing HPLC coupled with UV absorbance or fluorescence detection was used for analysis. Sample preparation involved shredding a 100 g sample, mixing a 3 g subsample with 2 g of Hydromatrix, and packing a 10 mL vessel. Optimal SFE conditions were determined by varying the amount, density, and flow rate of CO sub(2), extraction temperature, type and amount of solvent modifier, and trapping/elution conditions of the extracted pesticides. Optimal conditions for extraction were obtained at 400 atm, 60 degree C, 90 g of CO sub(2), 3% methanol modifier, and 2 mL/min flow rate. The extracts were collected on a 1 mL C sub(18) trap at 25 degree C and eluted with 10 mL of methanol. Potato, apple, and banana extracts were analyzed by HPLC without additional cleanup. Recoveries were 90 plus or minus 12% for the benzimidazole fungicides in fortified samples. Incurred potato and banana samples were also analyzed. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Aharonson, N AU - Lehotay, S J AU - Ibrahim, MA AD - Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2817 EP - 2823 VL - 42 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - benzimidazole KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - fruits KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - liquid chromatography KW - pesticide residues KW - agriculture KW - fungicides KW - food contamination KW - crops KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24136:Environmental impact KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - H SE2.20:CROP CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16831269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Supercritical+fluid+extraction+and+HPLC+analysis+of+benzimidazole+fungicides+in+potato%2C+apple%2C+and+banana&rft.au=Aharonson%2C+N%3BLehotay%2C+S+J%3BIbrahim%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Aharonson&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungicides; pesticide residues; crops; liquid chromatography; agriculture; food contamination; high-performance liquid chromatography; fruits ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of water management models to approaches for determining soil hydraulic properties AN - 16831143; 3558370 AB - Data that define the relationships between the soil-water content ( theta ), hydraulic conductivity (K), and tension (h) are important inputs to hydrologic models, however, they are difficult to measure and are often estimated from more easily determined soil physical properties. This article presents comparisons of using measured versus estimated theta (h) and K(h) data to simulate evapotranspiration, infiltration, runoff, and drainage with the PREFLO and DRAINMOD water management models. Both models reacted similarly to the estimated data by altering the simulated volumes of ET and drainage. The models were most sensitive to differences in the K(h) data at tensions between 0 and 1.5 m. PREFLO was more sensitive than DRAINMOD to the saturated water content estimated from soil texture. The ability to simulate soil-water storage and movement with PREFLO or DRAINMOD was more a function of input data accuracy than the model. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Workman AU - Skaggs, R W AD - USDA-ARS, Soil Drainage Res. Unit, Columbus, OH, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 95 EP - 102 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - model studies KW - soil properties KW - water management KW - hydraulic properties KW - hydrologic models KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16831143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+water+management+models+to+approaches+for+determining+soil+hydraulic+properties&rft.au=Workman%3BSkaggs%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Workman&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water management; model studies; soil properties; hydraulic properties; soil water; hydrologic models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Software utilizing Imhoff cone volumes to estimate furrow-irrigation erosion AN - 16830805; 3768325 AB - Data analysis required for furrow-irrigation induced erosion research is greatly facilitated with the aid of computational software. Several programs have been developed at Kimberly, Idaho, that compute infiltration, runoff, and sediment loss from the following inputs: inflow and runoff rates, sediment concentration in runoff determined by Imhoff cones, sampling times, furrow spacing, and row length. We found that more than one program type was required to meet various user needs. Two PC-based programs are presented for intense furrow monitoring, one employs spreadsheet software and the other is a PASCAL program. They produce accurate estimates and display output in formats suited to quantitative evaluation or for further data reductions needed in research applications. An HP-IIC hand calculator program provides coarse diagnostic information that can easily be used by farm advisors to assess potential severity of furrow erosion in farmer's fields. The software have been extensively tested and are reliable. They can be used to quantify any component of runoff removal. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Sojka, R E AU - Lentz, R D AU - Foerster, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Soil Water Manage. Res. Unit, 3793N-3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 400 EP - 406 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Imhoff cone volumes KW - PASCAL program KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - furrow irrigation KW - computer programs KW - field tests KW - agricultural runoff KW - infiltration KW - data processing KW - data interpretation KW - soil erosion KW - farming KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16830805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Software+utilizing+Imhoff+cone+volumes+to+estimate+furrow-irrigation+erosion&rft.au=Sojka%2C+R+E%3BLentz%2C+R+D%3BFoerster%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Sojka&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; soil erosion; farming; field tests; furrow irrigation; data processing; data interpretation; infiltration; agricultural runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetics of resistance to peanut stunt, clover yellow vein, and alfalfa mosaic viruses in white clover AN - 16829721; 3768338 AB - Peanut stunt virus (PSV), clover yellow vein virus (CYVV), and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) reduce white clover (Trifolium repens L.) yield and persistence in the southeastern U.S. Southern regional virus resistant (SRVR) germplasm is the only white clover with resistance to these viruses, but little is known about the genetics of this resistance. Our objective was to determine the relative importance of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), maternal effects, and nonmaternal reciprocal effects in the inheritance of resistance to PSV, CYVV, and AMV in a diallel cross of one 'Tillman' and seven SRVR plants with differing virus susceptibilities. Progeny were grown in the greenhouse in three separate experiments and were inoculated with PSV, CYVV, or AMV. Plants were evaluated for resistance by visual symptoms and either inoculation of 'California Blackeye' cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata (for PSV and AMV) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA: for CYVV). Differences among crosses for PSV, CYVV, and AMV resistance were due to GCA, SCA, and nonmaternal reciprocal effects. For PSV and CYVV resistance, additive genetic effects were more important than any other effects. For AMV resistance, nonadditive genetic effects and nonmaternal reciprocal effects were also important. Direction in which a cross is made is not important, because there were no consistent male or female effects of parents involved in more than one significant reciprocal effect. For this group of parents, breeding procedures utilizing additive genetic effects should be the most effective in improving the PSV, CYVV, and possibly AMV resistance of white clover. JF - Crop Science AU - Pederson, G A AU - McLaughlin, M R AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Sci. Res. Lab., For. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 896 EP - 900 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - alfalfa mosaic virus KW - clover yellow vein virus KW - peanut stunt virus KW - plant breeding KW - inheritance KW - Trifolium repens KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16829721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Genetics+of+resistance+to+peanut+stunt%2C+clover+yellow+vein%2C+and+alfalfa+mosaic+viruses+in+white+clover&rft.au=Pederson%2C+G+A%3BMcLaughlin%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Pederson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=896&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; plant breeding; inheritance; alfalfa mosaic virus; peanut stunt virus; clover yellow vein virus; Trifolium repens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An iconoclastic view of Bacillus thuringiensis ecology AN - 16829291; 3770789 JF - American Entomologist AU - Martin, PAW AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab. (USDA-ARS) Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 90 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1046-2821, 1046-2821 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - ecology KW - pathogenicity KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16829291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Entomologist&rft.atitle=An+iconoclastic+view+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+ecology&rft.au=Martin%2C+PAW&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=PAW&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Entomologist&rft.issn=10462821&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; pathogenicity; ecology; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimizing agricultural nonpoint-source impacts: A symposium overview AN - 16828444; 3560830 AB - Increased public awareness of the role of agriculture and associated chemical use in nonpoint-source pollution has prompted an urgency in obtaining information on the impact of current and proposed agricultural management practices on water quality. Because of easier identification and control of point sources of pollution, agricultural nonpoint sources now account for a larger share of all discharges than a decade ago. Consequently, there is a need to identify critical sources for control; target specific controls for different water quality objectives within different watersheds; and evaluate and implement cost-effective management practices that minimize the potential loss of agricultural chemicals to surface and groundwaters. This paper provides a brief overview of agricultural nonpoint-source issues and options presented at a special symposium, "Minimizing Agricultural Nonpoint-Source Impact," held during the American Society of Agronomy meetings in November 1992. Several papers that were given at this symposium and presented in this issue are introduced. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, A AU - Meyer, M AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Agric. Water Qual. Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702-1430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - agricultural pollution KW - chemical pollution KW - environmental effects KW - environmental impact KW - environmental policy KW - freshwater pollution KW - groundwater contamination KW - nonpoint pollution KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - pollution control KW - pollution legislation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - watersheds KW - Freshwater KW - agricultural runoff KW - water quality control KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16828444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Minimizing+agricultural+nonpoint-source+impacts%3A+A+symposium+overview&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+A%3BMeyer%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; chemical pollution; water quality; pollution legislation; groundwater pollution; agricultural runoff; environmental impact; freshwater pollution; watersheds; water quality control; environmental effects; pollution control; environmental policy; nonpoint pollution; nonpoint pollution sources; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the safety of high-dose, short-term supplementation with vitamin E in healthy older adults AN - 16825465; 3769520 AB - The effect of daily supplementation of 800 mg dl alpha -tocopheryl acetate for 30 d on general health, nutrient status, hepatic and renal function, intermediary metabolism, hematological status, plasma nutrients and antioxidant status, thyroid hormones, and urinary creatinine concentrations was studied in 32 healthy elderly (>60 y) people who participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, residential trial. The subjects reported no side effects due to the supplements. Supplementation had no effect on body weight, plasma total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides, conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, indicators of hepatic and renal function, hematologic status, thyroid hormones, or serum and urinary creatinine concentrations and creatinine clearance. Supplementation did cause a significant increase in serum vitamin E, and a small (5%) but significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma zinc in the vitamin E-supplemented group. Thus, short-term supplementation with 800 mg vitamin E/d has no adverse effect on healthy older adults. JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition AU - Meydani, S N AU - Meydani, M AU - Rall, L C AU - Morrow, F AU - Blumberg, J B AD - USDA Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent. Aging, Tufts Univ., 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 704 EP - 709 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - alpha -tocopherol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - geriatrics KW - age KW - man KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16825465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+safety+of+high-dose%2C+short-term+supplementation+with+vitamin+E+in+healthy+older+adults&rft.au=Meydani%2C+S+N%3BMeydani%2C+M%3BRall%2C+L+C%3BMorrow%2C+F%3BBlumberg%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=McGaughey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - man; age; geriatrics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insecticide distribution through an irrigated corn canopy AN - 16824647; 3558374 AB - Center pivot sprinkler systems can apply chemicals as well as water to crops. This study was conducted to determine the horizontal and vertical distribution of an insecticide applied with a center pivot irrigation system to a corn crop. The experiment was conducted at Tifton, Georgia, using a 140 m long, three-span center pivot system equipped with conventional impact sprinklers operating at 487-kPa pressure. An insecticide formulated with peanut oil was injected at a rate of 0.56 kg/ha with a calibrated metering pump into the irrigation mainline of the center pivot system with a gross irrigation application of 2.54 mm. Irrigation and chemical application uniformity were measured with glass collectors spaced 6.1 m apart along the lateral on bare soil. At three sites along the lateral at the midpoint of each span, the vertical chemical concentration was measured from above the canopy, at the third, sixth, and ninth leaf below the top of the corn plants. The mean irrigation application depth was 3.00 mm with a distribution uniformity of 93.5%. The mean chemical application amount was 0.79 kg/ha with a distribution uniformity of 83.9%. Chemical concentrations in relation to that in the water above the canopy declined 59, 49, and 39% at the third, sixth, and ninth leaf from the top of the plant with approximately 50% of the applied chemical retained on the corn foliage. The chemical distribution was less uniform than the water distribution and indicates the necessity of uniform irrigation applications to achieve high-chemical application uniformity. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Stone, K C AU - Stansell, J R AU - Young, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Florence, SC, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 135 EP - 138 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - insecticides KW - mechanical equipment KW - agriculture KW - chemcontrol KW - corn KW - irrigation KW - SW 6030:Hydraulic machinery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16824647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Insecticide+distribution+through+an+irrigated+corn+canopy&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BStansell%2C+J+R%3BYoung%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecticides; irrigation; mechanical equipment; corn; agriculture; chemcontrol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of otolith microchemistry to discriminate Oncorhynchus nerka of resident and anadromous origin AN - 16824383; 3552924 AB - Authors used a wavelength dispersive microprobe to describe patterns in otolith microchemistry of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Patterns in Sr/Ca ratios in transects across otoliths were consistent with changes in environmental chemistry associated with life history. The patterns we observed were consistent with those described for other salmonids. We found that Sr/Ca ratios in otolith primordia of fish of known anadromous origin were significantly higher than those in otolith primordia of fish of known resident origin. However, variation among samples was associated with differences in chemistry of the freshwater environments. These differences could confound attempts to discriminate sympatric resident and anadromous forms in lakes where Sr/Ca ratios are high. Samples used to discriminate origin of emigrants from Redfish Lake, Idaho, confirmed the presence of both resident and anadromous fish, but the two groups were not clearly resolved. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Rieman, B E AU - Myers, D L AU - Nielsen, R L AD - USDA For. Serv., Intermountain Res. Stn., 316 E. Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 68 EP - 77 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - chemical analysis KW - anadromous species KW - ranching KW - Oncorhynchus nerka KW - otoliths KW - microscopy KW - USA, Idaho, Redfish L. KW - endemic species KW - Freshwater KW - stock identification KW - Q1 08443:Population genetics KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q1 08341:General KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16824383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Use+of+otolith+microchemistry+to+discriminate+Oncorhynchus+nerka+of+resident+and+anadromous+origin&rft.au=Rieman%2C+B+E%3BMyers%2C+D+L%3BNielsen%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Rieman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical analysis; ranching; anadromous species; microscopy; otoliths; endemic species; stock identification; Oncorhynchus nerka; USA, Idaho, Redfish L.; Marine; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visualization of trends and fluctuations in climatic records AN - 16823621; 3558090 AB - Small systematic changes in climatic records are often poorly visualized by standard time series plots because they are usually hidden by the magnitude and variability of the data values themselves. A visualization approach based on the rescaled adjusted partial sums (RAPS) which overcomes the above-stated short-comings is presented. This visualization highlights trends, shifts, data clustering, irregular fluctuations, and periodicities in the record. Additional information on the number, magnitude, shape, frequency, and timing of fluctuations and trends can also be inferred. The visualization approach can be used for preliminary visual inspection of a time series, to gain a feel for the data, and/or to guide and focus subsequent statistical tests and analyses. It is not intended as a substitute for standard statistical analysis. Alternatively, the visualization approach can be used to display findings of a time series analysis. The capabilities and limitations of the approach are discussed and illustrated for two time series of annual rainfall values. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Garbrecht, J AU - Fernandez, G P AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Agric. Water Qual. Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 297 EP - 306 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - climatic data KW - data collection KW - graphical analysis KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - climatic changes KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q2 09241:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16823621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Visualization+of+trends+and+fluctuations+in+climatic+records&rft.au=Garbrecht%2C+J%3BFernandez%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Garbrecht&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climatic data; graphical analysis; climatic changes; data collection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Areal extent of seasonal snow cover in a changed climate AN - 16823180; 3765503 AB - In mountain snow basins, a change in climate will likely cause a change in the basin snow cover extent. A procedure for evaluating whether a given climate change scenario will speed up or slow down the seasonal decrease of snow covered area is outlined with hypothetical examples for a simple basin. This procedure has two main purposes. First, it can be used to generate snow covered area data in a new climate for input to runoff models such as the Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM). Second, it could potentially be used to provide input to climate models that require knowledge of the land area covered by snow at a given time. A computer program is now operational for use on real basins and is demonstrated on the Rio Grande basin in Colorado and the Illecillewaet River basin in British Columbia. JF - Nordic Hydrology AU - Rango, A AU - Martinec, J AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrol. Lab., Build. 007, Rm. 104, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 233 EP - 246 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0029-1277, 0029-1277 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - snow cover KW - snowmelt KW - runoff KW - seasonal variations KW - climatic changes KW - SW 0810:General KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16823180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nordic+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Areal+extent+of+seasonal+snow+cover+in+a+changed+climate&rft.au=Rango%2C+A%3BMartinec%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nordic+Hydrology&rft.issn=00291277&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - snow cover; climatic changes; runoff; snowmelt; hydrology; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial statistics of snowmelt flow: Data from lysimeters and aerial photos AN - 16821891; 3767421 JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Sommerfeld, R A AU - Bales, R C AU - Mast, A AD - USDA Forest Serv., Fort Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2821 EP - 2824 VL - 21 IS - 25 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Wyoming KW - snowpack KW - snowmelt KW - runoff KW - aerial photography KW - lysimeters KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Spatial+statistics+of+snowmelt+flow%3A+Data+from+lysimeters+and+aerial+photos&rft.au=Sommerfeld%2C+R+A%3BBales%2C+R+C%3BMast%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sommerfeld&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=2821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - snowmelt; runoff; lysimeters; aerial photography; snowpack; USA, Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil loss from contoured ridge-till AN - 16821884; 3558375 AB - Soil loss from ridge-till sorghum was measured on 22.1 m long, up-and-down slope erosion plots and on contour tilled plots 45.8 m wide x 22.1 m long with the slope; both sets of plots were on a 5% slope. Contour factors (P) that represent the conservation benefit of supporting practices were computed as ratios of soil loss rates from these field plots. Four-year average P values for crop stages varied from 0.22 to 0.52; the average annual P value was 0.31. The P values computed from annual totals ranged from 0.58 for low rainfall erosivity to 0.22 for the highest erosivity. These values add to the database of soil loss throughout the year that demonstrates the value of contour farming. They are also useful for validation of the P values computed by RUSLE (revised USLE) that considers slope, ridge height, storm severity, and off-grade contouring. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Mutchler, C K AU - McGregor, K C AU - Cullum, R F AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Sedimentation Lab., Oxford, MS, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 139 EP - 142 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - conservation KW - erosion control KW - slopes KW - watershed management KW - agriculture KW - erosion rates KW - soil erosion KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Soil+loss+from+contoured+ridge-till&rft.au=Mutchler%2C+C+K%3BMcGregor%2C+K+C%3BCullum%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Mutchler&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil erosion; slopes; erosion rates; erosion control; agriculture; conservation; watershed management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrograph time parameters for flatland watersheds AN - 16821858; 3558371 AB - Available procedures for estimating storm hydrograph time parameters performed poorly in applications on low-gradient drainage systems of the Coastal Plain and Flatwoods regions of the southeastern United States. Existing empirical relationships generally underpredicted observed hydrograph time parameters on nine Coastal Plain and Flatwoods watersheds, with the standard error of estimate ranging from 63 to 132% of observed means. Hydrograph time parameters from flatland study areas were related to watershed physical characteristic and geomorphic data. The simple parameter, length of main channel, proved superior to all other simple or complex watershed characteristics for explaining observed variations in watershed time-of-concentration and hydrograph time-to-peak. Simple empirical relationships developed for estimating hydrograph time parameters for flatland areas provide needed information for watershed scale hydrologic design and environmental resource modeling applications on low-gradient drainage basins similar to those of the coastal regions of the southeastern United States. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Sheridan, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., Coastal Plain Exp. Stat., Tifton, GA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 103 EP - 114 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA KW - topography KW - hydrographs KW - unit hydrographs KW - watersheds KW - geomorphology KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Hydrograph+time+parameters+for+flatland+watersheds&rft.au=Sheridan%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Sheridan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrographs; watersheds; geomorphology; topography; unit hydrographs; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic relationships among plant introductions for resistance to soybean cyst nematode Race 5 AN - 16821703; 3768750 AB - Three soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant introductions (PI) 399061, PI 424595, and PI 438342 were recently identified as resistant to Race 5 of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines Ichinohe. Plant breeders need to know if these plant introductions have the same or different genes for resistance than those in previously identified resistant plant introductions. Crosses were made between the Race 5 resistant plant introductions and progenies were tested for segregation for resistance to the nematode. Crosses between the three plant introductions and susceptible 'Tracy-M' soybean were made to estimate the number of genes involved in resistance to SCN Race 5. There was no segregation in F sub(3) progenies in crosses among resistant PI 424595, PI 438342, 'Peking', PI 90763, and PI 437654. A few susceptible progenies were found from crosses of resistant genotypes 'Cordell' or PI 399061 with the other resistant genotypes. All the resistant genotypes appear to have the same genes for SCN Race 5 resistance at most loci, but PI 399061 probably differs in resistance genes from other resistant genotypes at one or more loci. Data from crosses of Tracy-M with PI 399061, PI 424595, and PI 438342 indicate resistance is controlled by three or more genes. JF - Crop Science AU - Young, L D AU - Kilen, T C AD - USDA-ARS, Nematol. Res., 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN 38301, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 936 EP - 939 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - Heterodera glycines KW - cross-breeding KW - plant breeding KW - Glycine max KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Genetic+relationships+among+plant+introductions+for+resistance+to+soybean+cyst+nematode+Race+5&rft.au=Young%2C+L+D%3BKilen%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=936&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; cross-breeding; plant breeding; Heterodera glycines; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Codling moth (Cydia pomonella): Disruptants of sex pheromonal communication AN - 16820209; 3556758 AB - In a small section of an apple orchard, six traps were placed each in control and test areas and baited with live virgin female codling moths. Gray elastomer septa were used to dispense communication disruptants around the traps. Dyed male codling moths were released in control and test areas, and the numbers of males captured in control and test traps were compared. In 1991, linear regression curves of percent communication disruption versus logarithm of dose were obtained for three compositions: (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, codlemone (1); codlemone + dodecan-1-ol + tetradecan-1-ol (2); and an equilibrium mixture of the four isomers of 8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (30, (61% EE, 14% ZE, 20% EZ, and 5% ZZ). All three regressions gave r super(2) values greater than 0.90. At the 95% confidence limits, slopes and intercepts of compositions 1 and 2 were equivalent, and different from that of composition 3, which produced the greatest percentages of disruption at all doses. In 1992, five treatments were compared at a single dose: 1, 3, none (4), (Z,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (5), (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (6). Compositions 5 and 6 gave the greatest and similar percentages of disruption and were different from codlemone (1) and 4 (95% confidence), but not from composition 3. Communication disruption produced by composition 3 was greater than (codlemone), which was greater than 4. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - McDonough, L M AU - Davis, H G AU - Chapman, P S AU - Smithhisler, CL AD - USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd. Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 171 EP - 181 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - chemical communication KW - disruption KW - Lepidoptera KW - biological control KW - Tortricidae KW - Cydia pomonella KW - sex pheromone KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25883:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16820209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Codling+moth+%28Cydia+pomonella%29%3A+Disruptants+of+sex+pheromonal+communication&rft.au=McDonough%2C+L+M%3BDavis%2C+H+G%3BChapman%2C+P+S%3BSmithhisler%2C+CL&rft.aulast=McDonough&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cydia pomonella; Tortricidae; Lepidoptera; sex pheromone; chemical communication; biological control; disruption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of four cotton genotypes for resistance to Heliothis virescens AN - 16819672; 3766201 JF - Crop Science AU - Jenkins, J N AU - McCarty, JC Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Sci., Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, 39762, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1231 EP - 1233 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - pest resistance KW - genotypes KW - Noctuidae KW - plant breeding KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Lepidoptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16819672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+four+cotton+genotypes+for+resistance+to+Heliothis+virescens&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+J+N%3BMcCarty%2C+JC+Jr&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest resistance; disease resistance; genotypes; plant breeding; Noctuidae; Heliothis virescens; Lepidoptera; Gossypium hirsutum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compressed condensation of water vapor on chilled brine AN - 16818296; 3558539 AB - Inexpensive removal of low-pressure water vapor is an essential requirement for economically attractive direct freeze concentration. The currently used method is condensation on a chilled metal surface rinsed by a recirculating saline solution. Although simple condensation is inexpensive on a large scale, the requirement of a large condensing surface and low capital cost lead to poor heat transfer, especially for facilities less than about 20 kg/h. An alternative approach is to combine condensation with mechanical compression, but little information is publicly available that can be used to determine the feasibility of this approach. Our measurements of condensation rate in a chilled liquid ring (LR) vacuum pump show that correlations for smooth films do not describe condensation in these pumps. The measured condensation rates indicate that LR pump compression does not substantially increase condensation. JF - International Journal of Multiphase Flow AU - Dickey, L C AU - Radewonuk, E R AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Region. Res. Cent., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0301-9322, 0301-9322 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - condensation KW - brines KW - water vapor KW - freezing KW - economic aspects KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16818296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Multiphase+Flow&rft.atitle=Compressed+condensation+of+water+vapor+on+chilled+brine&rft.au=Dickey%2C+L+C%3BRadewonuk%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Multiphase+Flow&rft.issn=03019322&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water vapor; brines; condensation; economic aspects; freezing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of early flowering in Pinus banksiana AN - 16817608; 3555963 AB - Seedlings of three families of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were subjected to 16 combinations of photoperiod, growth environment (outdoors, greenhouse and biotron) and gibberellin (GA sub(4/7)) treatment. After 14 months, which included two dormancy induction periods, ovulate flowering was observed. There was a strong positive correlation between flowering and seedling height; female flower production was stimulated by both a declining photoperiod during bud development and GA sub(4/7) treatment; and there was an interaction between GA sub(4/7) treatment and family, such that the difference in flowering intensity between a late-flowering and an early-flowering family was eliminated by GA sub(4/7) treatment. The results suggest that the genetic control over the time of onset of flowering, and GA sub(4/7)-induction of flowering depend on a common mechanism. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Cecich, R A AU - Kang, H AU - Chalupka, W AD - North Cent. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA-Forest Serv., Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 275 EP - 284 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - gibberellin KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - flowering KW - growth conditions KW - regulation KW - Pinus banksiana KW - photoperiods KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+early+flowering+in+Pinus+banksiana&rft.au=Cecich%2C+R+A%3BKang%2C+H%3BChalupka%2C+W&rft.aulast=Cecich&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus banksiana; flowering; regulation; photoperiods; growth conditions ER - TY - CONF T1 - Water resource implications of Midwest agroecosystems AN - 16816820; 3555329 AB - Agriculture contributes to nonpoint-source pollution of the nation's water resources through leaching and runoff of crop nutrients, pesticides, and animal wastes, and through soil erosion from cropland. Development of effective solutions to water quality problems resulting from agricultural activities requires input of information synthesized from many disciplines, and coordination and integration of various scientific and technical programs. This article describes a program for synthesizing information resulting from USDA, USEPA, and USGS projects into evaluations of the regional impact of existing and innovative agroecosystems on surfacewater and groundwater quality. The program involves two facets with equal function and importance: assembling and analyzing information to characterize Midwest agroecosystems and to estimate water quality response; and developing effective systems for disseminating information and technology to end users. Four phases are presented as sequential, interdependent components of the program: (i) information acquisition and assessment; (ii) synthesis and systems development; (iii) education and technology transfer; and (iv) evaluation. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Oberle, S L AU - Burkart, M R Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4 EP - 8 VL - 23 IS - 1 KW - freshwater pollution KW - data bases KW - government programs KW - information technology KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - data acquisition KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - USA, Midwest KW - environmental policy KW - agricultural runoff KW - water quality control KW - animal wastes KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Water+resource+implications+of+Midwest+agroecosystems&rft.au=Oberle%2C+S+L%3BBurkart%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Oberle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riprap design downstream of submerged pipe outlets AN - 16816006; 3558369 AB - Submerged pipe spillway outlet flow conditions can damage the downstream end of the spillway and the downstream channel. This study was conducted to determined the size and horizontal placement of riprap to stabilize the downstream channel geometry below pipe spillways with submerged flow conditions. Dimensionless relationships were developed to estimate the riprap size and its design size variation with distance from the outlet in the downstream channel using a laboratory scaled physical model with the following test conditions: pipe diameter (D sub(o); 0.0628 and 0.0884 m); three submergence levels (TW/D sub(0); 0.7, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0); five plunge depths (Z/D sub(o); -2.5, -1.75, -1.0, -0.5, and 0.0); and flows varying from 0 to 7.2 Q super(2)/gD sub(o) super(5). The resulting equations were tested and validated with additional laboratory studies with the following conditions: D sub(o) of 0.0884 and 0.0628 m; W/D sub(o) of 4.0, 8.0, and 11.3; Q super(2)/gD sub(o) super(5) of 1.04, 1.13, 1.64, 1.99, 2.21, 5.37, and 3.18; TW/D sub(o) of 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0; and Z/D sub(o) of -2.5, -1.75, -1.0, -0.5, and 0.0 for selected cases. These validation tests resulted in minor changes in the design equations over the range of the variables. An example design problem is presented to illustrate the use of the recommended design method. The design equations and method will result in stable riprap without scour for submerged pipe outlet flow conditions over a wide range of flow conditions. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Rice, CE AU - Kadavy, K C AD - Hydraulic Eng. Res. Unit, Plant Sci. and Water Conserv. Lab., USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 94 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - outfalls KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - riprap KW - erosion control KW - design criteria KW - spillways KW - pipes KW - engineering KW - SW 6020:Hydraulics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Riprap+design+downstream+of+submerged+pipe+outlets&rft.au=Rice%2C+CE%3BKadavy%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - riprap; pipes; design criteria; spillways; erosion control; engineering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and distribution of pathotoxin-enhanced proteins in Sorghum AN - 16814169; 3763938 AB - The synthesis of a group of four 16 kDa proteins in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] roots is enhanced by treatment with peritoxin, the host-selective toxin produced by the root rot fungus Periconia circinata (Mangin) Sacc. The proteins were purified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and partially characterized, and their distribution within the sorghum plant and in other plant species was determined. The four proteins were found to be charge isomers indistinguishable by electrophoretic analysis of the products of protease digestion and CNBr cleavage. In Western blots with polyclonal antibodies, the proteins were detected in all organs of mature sorghum plants in quantities that decreased from the roots upward toward the inflorescence. Multiple cross-reacting proteins from 15-21 kDa were also detected in all grass species tested and in some other monocotyledons. None of the dicotyledons analysed contained cross-reacting proteins. The results suggest that the 16 kDa proteins are conserved proteins whose constitutive synthesis is regulated and whose function is important in several plant species, especially grasses. The presence of these proteins in other plant species suggests that they are not the direct cause of disease symptoms and plant cell death in peritoxin-treated sorghum plants. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Ransom, R F AU - Wilder, J AU - Dunkle, L D AD - ARS-USDA, Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 385 EP - 395 VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - peritoxin KW - Periconia circinata KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - plant diseases KW - pathogenesis-related proteins KW - root rot KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16814169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+distribution+of+pathotoxin-enhanced+proteins+in+Sorghum&rft.au=Ransom%2C+R+F%3BWilder%2C+J%3BDunkle%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Ransom&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorghum bicolor; root rot; plant diseases; pathogenesis-related proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hessian fly-resistance gene H26 transferred from Triticum tauschii to common wheat AN - 16813788; 3756275 AB - There is a continuing need for enhanced genetic diversity in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for resistance to the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say). The objectives of this study were (i) to transfer a gene for Hessian fly resistance from the accession TA 2473 of the wild diploid goatgrass T. tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. into an elite, hexaploid wheat genotype and (ii) to determine the chromosomal location of the gene. The F sub(1) and BC sub(1) progenies from the cross "Karl"/TA 2473 were male-sterile and set very few backcross seed, but seven BC sub(2)F sub(2)-derived lines were resistant or segregating for resistance to Biotype L of Hessian fly. Homozygous resistant BC sub(2)F sub(4) and BC sub(2)F sub(5) progeny within those lines were crossed to "Wichita"-based stocks monosomic for six of the seven D-genome chromosomes and to tester stocks carrying the genes H13, H22, H23, H24, and an unnamed gene, all transferred previously from T. tauschii. Segregation of F sub(2) plants from those crosses showed that resistance derived from TA 2473 is governed by one dominant gene located on chromosome 4D. This gene, designated herein as H26, is the only Hessian fly-resistance gene known to be located on 4D. Gene H26 conditions a high level of antibiosis to Biotype L and has been transferred into a germplasm line, KS92WGRC26, which has most of the desirable agronomic traits of its recurrent parent, Karl. Therefore, H26 is expected to be a useful addition to the set of Hessian fly-resistance genes available to wheat breeders. JF - Crop Science AU - Cox, T S AU - Hatchett, J H AD - USDA-ARS and Dep. Agron., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 958 EP - 960 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - H26 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - pest resistance KW - gene transfer KW - Mayetiola destructor KW - Triticum tauschii KW - plant breeding KW - Anthomyiidae KW - Diptera KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16813788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Hessian+fly-resistance+gene+H26+transferred+from+Triticum+tauschii+to+common+wheat&rft.au=Cox%2C+T+S%3BHatchett%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=958&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest resistance; disease resistance; gene transfer; plant breeding; Triticum tauschii; Mayetiola destructor; Diptera; Anthomyiidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inheritance of rust resistance in a source of MC29 sunflower germplasm AN - 16813339; 3761275 JF - Crop Science AU - Lambrides, C J AU - Miller, J F AD - USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Sci. Lab., Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1225 EP - 1230 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Puccinia helianthi KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - germplasm KW - Helianthus annuus KW - plant breeding KW - inheritance KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16813339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Inheritance+of+rust+resistance+in+a+source+of+MC29+sunflower+germplasm&rft.au=Lambrides%2C+C+J%3BMiller%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Lambrides&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; germplasm; plant breeding; inheritance; Helianthus annuus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from the tonsils of cattle AN - 16812933; 3553893 AB - During our studies on tonsillar colonization by Pasteurella haemolytica, we consistently found Escherichia coli to be one of the most prominent and prevalent bacterial species in the tonsils of healthy cattle. Since tonsillar isolates have not been characterized, we grouped 124 isolates from 87 healthy cattle from eight sources by hemolytic zone size and by carbon source utilization and probed them for selected virulence genes. They formed 3 groups by hemolytic zone size and 18 groups (of 2 to 31 isolates) by their metabolic patterns. Most groups included isolates from more than one source. Two isolates contained the Shiga-like toxin gene, and nine others contained the F41 accessory gene. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Frank, G H AU - Briggs, R E AU - Schneider, R A AD - USDA, ARS, Natl. Animal Dis. Cent., 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 256 EP - 258 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - cattle KW - beta -glucuronidase KW - SLT-gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pasteurella haemolytica KW - isolation KW - genes KW - Escherichia coli KW - tonsillitis KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16812933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Escherichia+coli+isolated+from+the+tonsils+of+cattle&rft.au=Frank%2C+G+H%3BBriggs%2C+R+E%3BSchneider%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Pasteurella haemolytica; tonsillitis; isolation; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Areawide management of cotton bollworm and tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through application of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus on early-season alternate hosts AN - 16812448; 3547162 AB - A field trial was done in 1990 using aircraft to treat all vegetation in a 259-km super(2) area with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), to control the first generation of bollworm and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Bioassays of early-season hosts from the treated area indicated that ) 12% as much virus and 8% as many spray droplets were deposited on the plants compared with results of a previous small-area study. Although the area-wide viral coverage on target plants was inadequate, results of pheromone trap data indicated that populations of emerging adults were reduced 19-38% compared with adults from untreated areas. The virus remained active on the host plants (i.e., 47% of the original virus activity remained 9 d after treatment). In cage testing areas where bioassays indicated that somewhat more virus was deposited, we detected a 41% average reduction in adult emergence in cages placed over treated wild hosts compared with untreated areas. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Bell, M R AU - Hayes, J L AD - Southern Insect Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 53 EP - 57 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - pest control KW - hosts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16812448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Areawide+management+of+cotton+bollworm+and+tobacco+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+through+application+of+a+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus+on+early-season+alternate+hosts&rft.au=Bell%2C+M+R%3BHayes%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest control; hosts; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Heliothis virescens; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrous oxide flux from a shrub-steppe ecosystem: Sources and regulation AN - 16811401; 3549978 AB - The semi-arid shrub-steppe is the largest grassland-type ecosystem of North America and may make significant contributions to the global atmospheric N sub(2)O budget. However, little information is available concerning sources and regulation of N sub(2)O flux in this ecosystem. Experiments were made to determine the relative importance of nitrification, denitrification and abiotic sources to total N sub(2)O flux and to investigate the factors regulating N sub(2)O flux rates from an undisturbed shrub-steppe ecosystem. The contributions to N sub(2)O flux by nitrification and denitrification were estimated using acetylene (10 Pa) to selectively inhibit N sub(2)O production by nitrifiers. Abiotic sources of N sub(2)O were evaluated using sterilized soil. Factors limiting N sub(2)O production were evaluated by monitoring N sub(2)O flux rates from soil-cores amended with combinations of NO sub(3) super(-)-N, NH sub(4) super(+)-N, soluble C and water. The effect of wet-dry cycles on N sub(2)O flux was determined by wetting field dry soil to field capacity and monitoring N sub(2)O flux rates, soil NH sub(4) super(+)-N, NO sub(3) super(-)-N and water content throughout a drying period. Our results showed that nitrification accounts for 61-98% of the N sub(2)O produced from soil at water contents below saturation and that denitrification is the primary N sub(2)O source at saturated water contents. No detectable N sub(2)O was produced by abiotic sources. In intact soil cores N sub(2)O flux rates were found to be most limited by water and N availability. Wetting of dry soil resulted in a pulse of N sub(2)O flux due to increased N availability. It is likely that this ecosystem exhibits relatively low N sub(2)O flux rates for much of the year due to low soil moisture and inorganic N contents. Since soil moisture content is generally well below field capacity in this ecosystem, nitrification must be the dominant N sub(2)O source. These results suggest that conditions favorable for substantial N sub(2)O production in shrub-steppe ecosystems probably exist only at times following precipitation events. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Mummey, D L AU - Smith, J L AU - Bolton, H Jr AD - USDA-ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6421, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 279 EP - 286 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - shrub-steppe ecosystem KW - nitrous oxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - flux KW - North America KW - nitrogen cycle KW - nitrification KW - source KW - denitrification KW - regulation KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04130:Arid zones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16811401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Nitrous+oxide+flux+from+a+shrub-steppe+ecosystem%3A+Sources+and+regulation&rft.au=Mummey%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+L%3BBolton%2C+H+Jr&rft.aulast=Mummey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - North America; flux; source; regulation; nitrogen cycle; nitrification; denitrification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of the whitefly predator Delphastus pusillus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with parasitized sweetpotato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) AN - 16810011; 3550089 AB - Delphastus pusillus (LeConte), an indigenous coccinellid predator of whiteflies, including sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), feeds on all stages of whiteflies. In laboratory tests, fourth-instar and adult female D. pusillus exhibited a marked tendency to avoid fourth-instar B. tabaci parasitized by the aphelinid endoparasitoids Encarsia transvena (Timberlake) and Eretmocerus sp. nr. californicus Howard in favor of unparasitized whiteflies. The age of the parasitoid within the whitefly influenced the extent of the avoidance. Whiteflies with first-instar parasitoids were not avoided, but those containing third instars and pupal parasitoids were significantly avoided. The presumed causes of the avoidance include parasitism-induced hardening of the whitefly cuticle and introduction of air into the whitefly around maturing parasitoids. D. pusillus and parasitoids tend to attack different stages of the whitefly. This attribute increases temporal separation, enhancing the options for the use of D. pusillus in pest management programs in conjunction with parasitoids. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hoelmer, KA AU - Osborne, L S AU - Yokomi, R K AD - Phoenix Plant Methods Cent., c/o Irrigated Desert Res. Stn., USDA-APHIS, 4151 Highw. 86, Brawley, CA 92227, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 136 EP - 139 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Bemicia tabaci KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - predator-prey interactions KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Coccinellidae KW - Coleoptera KW - parasitism KW - predatory behavior KW - Delphastus pusillus KW - Homoptera KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16810011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+the+whitefly+predator+Delphastus+pusillus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Coccinellidae%29+with+parasitized+sweetpotato+whitefly+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29&rft.au=Hoelmer%2C+KA%3BOsborne%2C+L+S%3BYokomi%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Hoelmer&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphastus pusillus; Coccinellidae; Coleoptera; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; predator-prey interactions; parasitism; predatory behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of early-season baculovirus treatment for suppression of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) over a wide area AN - 16808679; 3547192 AB - Pheromone trap counts of F sub(1) male cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), were used to assess the effect of areawide suppression achieved by early-season application of a Helicoverpa/Heliothis-specific nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Eggs (F sub(2)) were collected from cotton and other hosts to characterize the surviving reproductive populations. Trap and egg collection sites were established at 1.6-km intervals (n = 5) in four cardinal directions from the center of control and treated plots (259 km super(2) similar to 10 by 10 mi). Traps also were placed at five additional intervals in four cardinal directions beyond the treated plot to assess the effect of dispersal. The effect of treatment was demonstrated by deviations in trap capture patterns within a year between treated and control plots and between years in the treated plot. Rates of increase between generations were calculated from the number of moths captured in one generation divided by the number from the previous generation. The rate of increase for the first field generation of H. virescens in the treated plot (1990) was 13% compared with 38% in the control plot (1990) and 38% in the treated plot in the year before treatment (1989). JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Hayes, J L AU - Bell, M AD - Southern Forest Exp. Stn., Forest Serv., USDA, Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 58 EP - 66 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - baculovirus KW - biological control KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - pathogens KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22187:Control & treatment KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16808679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+early-season+baculovirus+treatment+for+suppression+of+Heliothis+virescens+and+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+over+a+wide+area&rft.au=Hayes%2C+J+L%3BBell%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; pathogens; baculovirus; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Heliothis virescens; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of optical brighteners on the efficacy of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus in forest plots with high or low levels of natural virus AN - 16808609; 3547114 AB - Doses of a standard formulation of Gypchek (gypsy moth NPV) containing the sunscreen Orzan and a sticker were evaluated against gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), along with experimental aqueous formulations of Gypchek in which Orzan was replaced by stilbene disulfonic acid optical brighteners, Phorwite AR (1991) or Blankophor BBH (1992), that had acted as potentiating agents for the virus in laboratory tests. The treatments were applied to gypsy-infested small (0.02 ha) forest plots where preliminary studies had demonstrated high (1991) or low (1992) levels of natural gypsy moth NPV. In 1991, treatments included two lower concentrations of Gypchek with the formulation containing Orzan as well as the formulation containing Phorwite AR. In 1992, treatments were the lower dose of Gypchek with two levels of Blankophor BBH, one dose of cell-culture-produced gypsy moth NPV with one level of Blankophor BBH, Blankophor BBH alone, and untreated control plots. The 1991 treatments containing Phorwite AR had significantly higher levels of gypsy moth larval mortality and significantly reduced LT sub(50)s compared with equivalent treatments containing Orzan. The Phorwite AR increased the mortality of gypsy moths (caused by the natural virus) to that of the high dose of applied virus without Phorwite AR. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Webb, R E AU - Shapiro, M AU - Podgwaite, J D AU - Ridgway, R L AU - Venables, L AU - White, G B AU - Argauer, R J AU - Cohen, D L AU - Witcosky, J AU - Kester, K M AU - Thorpe, K W AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 402, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent. East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 134 EP - 143 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lymantriidae KW - optical properties KW - viruses KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16808609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+optical+brighteners+on+the+efficacy+of+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus+in+forest+plots+with+high+or+low+levels+of+natural+virus&rft.au=Webb%2C+R+E%3BShapiro%2C+M%3BPodgwaite%2C+J+D%3BRidgway%2C+R+L%3BVenables%2C+L%3BWhite%2C+G+B%3BArgauer%2C+R+J%3BCohen%2C+D+L%3BWitcosky%2C+J%3BKester%2C+K+M%3BThorpe%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - optical properties; viruses; pathogens; Lymantriidae; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory evaluation of diets of processed corncob, torula yeast, and wheat germ on four developmental stages of Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16806948; 3550077 AB - Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), larvae were reared on five diets (wheat millfeed [standard], processed corncob [PCC] + torula yeast, PCC + torula yeast + 1% wheat germ [WG], PCC + torula yeast + 3% WG, and PCC + torula yeast + 6% WG) through five consecutive generations to obtain measurements of the following five life history traits: duration of larval development, pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult fecundity, and egg fertility. The PCC + torula yeast diets produced insects with shorter larval developmental times and higher pupal recovery than the standard millfeed diet. In contrast, the millfeed diet produced the highest pupal weight and adult fecundity. PCC diets fortified with wheat germ produced Mediterranean fruit flies with the highest egg fertility. These results suggest that PCC/wheat germ diets produce Mediterranean fruit flies of comparable quality to those commonly used in sterile insect programs. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Vargas, R I AU - Mitchell, S AU - Hsu, Chiou-Ling AU - Walsh, WA AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 91 EP - 95 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - development KW - Tephritidae KW - artificial diets KW - laboratories KW - Diptera KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16806948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Laboratory+evaluation+of+diets+of+processed+corncob%2C+torula+yeast%2C+and+wheat+germ+on+four+developmental+stages+of+Mediterranean+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Vargas%2C+R+I%3BMitchell%2C+S%3BHsu%2C+Chiou-Ling%3BWalsh%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Diptera; artificial diets; laboratories; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of intertunnel distance and nest-surface aspect on progeny production rate and sex ratio in the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) AN - 16806851; 3550024 AB - Populations of the alfalfa pollinator, Megachile rotundata (F.), nest in dense aggregations in artificial shelters in alfalfa fields. The closeness of the nest tunnels in these shelters (5-10 mm apart) fosters what appear to be numerous counterproductive interactions among females. By increasing the distance between nest tunnels and patterning the nest-block surface to help orient bees returning from foraging trips, we sought to reduce interactions and to increase both the number of progeny produced and the proportion of female progeny. Only the nest-block surface aspect affected progeny production rate; progeny were produced at a significantly faster rate in patterned blocks than in plain blocks. Intertunnel distance did not affect progeny production rate. Nest blocks with tunnels 5 mm apart contained a significantly greater proportion of female progeny than did nest blocks with tunnels spaced farther apart. Sex ratio of progeny was unaffected by surface patterning of blocks. Females strongly preferred patterned to plain blocks and preferred 5-mm and 2-cm intertunnel distances to those of 4 cm. Beekeepers and alfalfa growers can increase bee productivity by supplying patterned nest blocks with intertunnel distances between 5 and 10 mm. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Tepedino, V J AU - Frohlich AU - Baird, C R AD - Bee Biol. and Syst. Lab., USDA-ARS, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5310, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 27 EP - 30 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - progeny KW - sex ratio KW - Megachilidae KW - Megachile rotundata KW - nesting behavior KW - Hymenoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16806851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+intertunnel+distance+and+nest-surface+aspect+on+progeny+production+rate+and+sex+ratio+in+the+alfalfa+leafcutting+bee+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Megachilidae%29&rft.au=Tepedino%2C+V+J%3BFrohlich%3BBaird%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Tepedino&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Megachile rotundata; Megachilidae; Hymenoptera; nesting behavior; progeny; sex ratio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diurnal behavior of the spotted owl in Washington AN - 16806152; 3550141 AB - Although the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis) is primarily nocturnal, it does forage occasionally during the day. The extent of diurnal foraging is not known, but Miller and Laymon suggested that spotted owls with fledged young frequently foraged during the day. Forsman suggested a more limited role for diurnal foraging, arguing that it was a largely opportunistic response to prey observed near daytime roosts. We investigated the amount and types of diurnal activity engaged in by Spotted Owls, including differences in diurnal activity based on reproductive status. JF - Condor AU - Sovern, S G AU - Forsman, ED AU - Biswell, B L AU - Rolph, D N AU - Taylor, M AD - USDA For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 S.W. Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 200 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - foraging behavior KW - activity patterns KW - reproductive status KW - USA, Washington KW - daytime KW - Strix occidentalis KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25536:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16806152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Diurnal+behavior+of+the+spotted+owl+in+Washington&rft.au=Sovern%2C+S+G%3BForsman%2C+ED%3BBiswell%2C+B+L%3BRolph%2C+D+N%3BTaylor%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sovern&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strix occidentalis; USA, Washington; foraging behavior; reproductive status; activity patterns; daytime ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host-seeking of blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs and adults at the woods-pasture interface AN - 16805882; 3550019 AB - To clarify the risk of pastured livestock for exposure to Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), we estimated the host-seeking activity of nymph and adult blacklegged ticks at the woods-pasture interface on horse farms in Maryland. Parallel linear transects of 100 m length and 1 m width were sampled repeatedly in pastures and adjacent woodland locations during periods of nymph (early summer) and adult (fall and spring) host-seeking activity. Data collected over two successive years indicated that adults were most abundant in ecotonal vegetation at the wood's edge, median values of 6.4 and 2.2 ticks per 100 m super(2) sample during fall and 1.2 and 0.5 ticks per 100 m super(2) sample for spring periods. Nymphs were most abundant in the shallow woods location, median values of 4.2 and 35 ticks per 100 m super(2) sample, followed by the deep woods and wood's edge locations. Host-seeking nymph and adult black-legged ticks also were collected repeatedly in pasture vegetation, median values ranging from 0.2-0.8 ticks per 100 m super(2) sample, with a progressive decrease in abundance from the fenceline into pasture. Adults and nymphs both were uncommon more than 5 m into pastures, where only two adults and one nymph were captured in 84 (fall and spring) and 24 (summer) 100-m super(2) samples, respectively. Levels of adult and nymph host-seeking in pasture vegetation were spatially correlated with tick abundance in adjacent woodlands when ticks were numerous; this condition presumably reflects a spillover of ticks from the woodlands-based population. These findings expand knowledge of blacklegged tick host-seeking behavior and establish a basis for the exposure of pastured livestock to nymphs and adults. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Schmidtmann, E T AU - Carroll, J F AU - Potts, WJE AD - Livest. Insects Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 291 EP - 296 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodidae KW - activity patterns KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - ecological distribution KW - Acari KW - USA, Maryland KW - host searching behavior KW - Z 05202:Parasitism: non-entomophagous KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Y 25502:Invertebrates (excluding insects) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16805882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host-seeking+of+blacklegged+tick+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+nymphs+and+adults+at+the+woods-pasture+interface&rft.au=Schmidtmann%2C+E+T%3BCarroll%2C+J+F%3BPotts%2C+WJE&rft.aulast=Schmidtmann&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ixodes scapularis; Acari; Ixodidae; USA, Maryland; activity patterns; host searching behavior; ecological distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative effectiveness of Lymantria nuclear polyhedrosis and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses against the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) AN - 16805793; 3550199 AB - Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae were susceptible to both a Connecticut isolate of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and a Korean isolate of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV). The NPV was considerably more virulent (LC sub(50) = 18,115 polyhedral inclusion bodies [PIB] per ml) than the CPV (LC sub(50) = 95,489 PIB per ml). Larvae infected with NPV also died more quickly than those infected with CPV. Larval weight was affected differently by the two viruses. In the case of NPV, larval weight among survivors at d 7 was not affected adversely until virus-caused mortality exceeded 70%. For CPV, larval weight was affected adversely before mortality caused by the virus had occurred. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shapiro, M AU - Im, D J AU - Adams, J R AU - Vaughn, J L AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent.-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 72 EP - 75 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lymantriidae KW - cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus KW - pathogenicity KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16805793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Comparative+effectiveness+of+Lymantria+nuclear+polyhedrosis+and+cytoplasmic+polyhedrosis+viruses+against+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M%3BIm%2C+D+J%3BAdams%2C+J+R%3BVaughn%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenicity; Lymantriidae; cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A mutation in the indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis pathway of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affects growth in Phaseolus vulgaris and syringomycin production AN - 16803683; 3547673 AB - Homologs of the genes for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis from Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi were retrieved from a genomic library of P. syringae pv. syringae, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Sequence relatedness between the P. syringae pv. syringae and P. syringae pv. savastanoi iaa operons is greater than 90% within the iaaM and iaaH loci but declines dramatically at a position approximately 200 bp 5' of the iaaM translation initiation codon. A third open reading frame was detected downstream of iaaH. Production of IAA was undetectable in mutant strain Y30-53.29, which was generated by transposition of Tn5 into the iaaM gene of P. syringae pv. syringae Y30. The IAA-deficient (IAA super(-)) mutant retained the ability to colonize the bean phylloplane and induced disease symptoms on bean which were similar to those produced by the parental strain. However, the population dynamics of the IAA super(-) strain during the parasitic phase in leaves differed from those of both the parental strain and the mutant genetically restored for IAA biosynthesis. The mutant was capable of inducing disease symptoms when established in bean tissues at a lower initial cell density than either IAA-producing strain. Syringomycin biosynthesis by the IAA super(-) strain was diminished in comparison with the parental strain or the mutant genetically restored for IAA production. The results indicate that bacterially derived IAA, or its biosynthesis, is involved in the regulation of in planta growth and in the expression of other factors that affect the host-pathogen interaction. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Mazzola, M AU - White, F F AD - USDA-ARS, Root Dis. Biol. Control Res. Unit, 365 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1374 EP - 1382 VL - 176 IS - 5 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae KW - syringomycin KW - indole-3-acetic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - mutation KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - production KW - growth KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - J 02786:Macrolide antibiotics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16803683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=A+mutation+in+the+indole-3-acetic+acid+biosynthesis+pathway+of+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+syringae+affects+growth+in+Phaseolus+vulgaris+and+syringomycin+production&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BWhite%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phaseolus vulgaris; mutation; growth; production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration of protective and serologic responses in BALB/c mice vaccinated with chemically modified versus nonmodified proteins of Brucella abortus 19 AN - 16803032; 3755892 AB - A study was conducted to determine whether the covalent chemical modification of Brucella abortus 19 salt-extractable proteins (BCSP) and BCSP derivatives would modulate the immune responses in BALB/c mice. Salt-extractable proteins BCSP 0-70 and BCSP 70-100 were modified with acetoacetic anhydride, and recombinant proteins rBCSP20 (20 kDa), rBCSP31 (31 kDa), and rBCSP45 (45 kDa) were modified with succinic and dodecanoyl anhydrides. Four weeks after mice were vaccinated with the different preparations, principal and control mice were challenge exposed with a virulent culture of B. abortus 2308, and mice were necropsied 2 weeks later. Serum samples were obtained immediately before mice were challenge exposed and at necropsy. Sera were tested for specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acylation decreased the immune responses (increased IgG antibodies and reduced spleen CFU and splenomegaly) induced by both BCSP 0-70 and BCSP 70-100. Modification of the recombinant proteins by dodecanoyl and succinic anhydrides had no effect on the protection induced; however, the IgG serologic responses to the homologous and heterologous proteins were altered. Monophosphoryl lipid A markedly enhanced the immunogenicity of BCSP 0-70. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Pugh, GW Jr AU - Tabatabai, L B AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5327 EP - 5334 VL - 62 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - brucellosis KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response KW - proteins KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16803032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Alteration+of+protective+and+serologic+responses+in+BALB%2Fc+mice+vaccinated+with+chemically+modified+versus+nonmodified+proteins+of+Brucella+abortus+19&rft.au=Pugh%2C+GW+Jr%3BTabatabai%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Pugh&rft.aufirst=GW&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; vaccines; immune response; proteins; brucellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deer and diversity in Allegheny hardwood forests: Managing an unlikely challenge AN - 16802573; 3542425 AB - High white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) density and interfering vegetation were identified as factors affecting the regeneration of hardwood forests in the Allegheny National Forest and surrounding forests in northwestern Pennsylvania. Research was designed by Forest Service scientists to quantify these effects. A high degree of interest in the impact of these effects on the diversity of forest resources led to additional research. Scientists, natural resource managers, and private timber interests used the research findings on the impacts of deer and interfering vegetation on regeneration and diversity to produce newsletters, tours, symposia, and to make presentations to groups of legislators, environmentalists and other influential segments of the public. This combined research-educational effort has been associated with the enactment of hunting regulations designed to reduce deer density and for registration and continued use of herbicides to control interfering vegetation. Both actions have the potential to increase the diversity of songbirds and woody and herbaceous vegetation in forest lands. The challenge is to sustain directed management of deer density and interfering vegetation until these factors are controlled to the point where they no longer negatively impact the diversity of forest resources. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - DeCalesta, D S AD - Northeast. For. Exp. Stn., USDA For. Serv., PO Box 928, Warren, PA 16365, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 47 EP - 53 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - USA, Pennsylvania, Allegheny Natl. Forest KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - regeneration KW - herbicides KW - hardwoods KW - management KW - species diversity KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16802573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Deer+and+diversity+in+Allegheny+hardwood+forests%3A+Managing+an+unlikely+challenge&rft.au=DeCalesta%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=DeCalesta&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus virginianus; forests; hardwoods; species diversity; regeneration; herbicides; management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Qualitative survey of two coleopteran predators of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) using a multiple prey gut content ELISA AN - 16802483; 3550082 AB - A multiple serodiagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MS ELISA) is described that facilitated the simultaneous examination of insect predation on two economically important cotton pests, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). Using this MS ELISA in combination with specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to both B. tabaci and P. gossypiella, we assayed 663 collops beetles, Collops vittatus (Say), and 613 convergent ladybird beetles, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, for the presence of prey remains in the gut. A large proportion of each beetle population tested positive, suggesting that collops and ladybird beetles are active predators on both B. tabaci and P. gossypiella. The advantages and limitations of our multiple prey gut content assay (MS ELISA) are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hagler, J R AU - Naranjo, SE AD - West. Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 193 EP - 197 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coccipellidae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Gelechiidae KW - gut KW - prey KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - predators KW - Lepidoptera KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Homoptera KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16802483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Qualitative+survey+of+two+coleopteran+predators+of+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+and+Pectinophora+gossypiella+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechiidae%29+using+a+multiple+prey+gut+content+ELISA&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R%3BNaranjo%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Pectinophora gossypiella; Aleyrodidae; Homoptera; Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera; Coleoptera; predators; prey; gut; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural characteristics of old-growth hemlock-hardwood forests in relation to age AN - 16802293; 3550005 AB - We characterized the structure of 25 old-growth hemlock-hardwood forests in northern Wisconsin and adjacent Michigan in order to examine our working hypotheses that differences in their structure are related to stand age (i.e., stage of development) and that changes in stand structure continue after old-growth status is achieved. Estimates of stand age, i.e., age of oldest tree cored, based on 10 cores taken from hemlocks of a range of diameters in each stand, ranged from 177 to 374. By investigating the patterns of live tree structure, coarse woody debris (CWD), tip-up mounds, and canopy gaps in relation to stand age, we were able to infer changes that occur during stand development. Along the gradient of old-growth stand development, some changes in structural features, including total volume of CWD, snag (standing dead tree) basal area, and total area and average size of canopy gaps were continuous, linear increases over time. In contrast, changes in live tree and snag density, density of large trees, volume of well-decayed hemlock logs, and diameter-age relationships occurred after a threshold stand age of 275-300 yr was reached. Area and density of tip-up mounds and density of large seedlings and saplings were not correlated with stand age. Old-growth hemlock-hardwood stands at the upper end of the age continuum (>275-300 yr) have accumulated both gradual and threshold structural changes, acquiring most of the following characteristics: (1) a strong correlation between age and diameter of trees, (2) low densities of live trees distributed across all size classes, (3) tress >70 cm dbh (diameter at breast height), (4) dead wood >120-150 m super(3)/ha, with logs >80 m super(3)/ha, (5) hemlock logs present in all decay classes, and (6) canopy gaps occupying >10% of the stand, with the average gap size >50 m super(2), some gaps >200 m super(2), and no more than 30% of the gaps <10 m super(2). The two oldest stands may be at or near equilibrium, where maximum volumes of CWD are maintained through a balance of tree growth and mortality, and wood decay; and oldest tree age approaches 400 + yr, the maximum longevity typical for hemlock. JF - Ecology AU - Tyrrell, LE AU - Crow, T R AD - USDA Forest Serv., North Central Forest Exp. Stn., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 370 EP - 386 VL - 75 IS - 2 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - succession KW - age KW - USA, Midwest KW - stand structure KW - old growth KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16802293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Structural+characteristics+of+old-growth+hemlock-hardwood+forests+in+relation+to+age&rft.au=Tyrrell%2C+LE%3BCrow%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Tyrrell&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Midwest; old growth; forests; stand structure; age; succession ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Penetration and development of Meloidogyne incognita in roots of resistant and susceptible corn genotypes AN - 16799806; 3550043 AB - Rates of penetration and development of Meloidogyne incognita race 4 in roots of resistant (inbred Mp307, and S4 lines derived from the open-pollinated varieties Tebeau and Old Raccoon) and susceptible (Pioneer 3110) corn genotypes were determined. Seedlings grown in styrofoam containers were inoculated with 5,000 eggs of M. incognita. Roots were harvested at 3-day intervals starting at 3 days after inoculation (DAI) to 27 DAI and stained with acid fuchsin. Penetration of roots by second-stage juveniles (J2) at 3 DAI was similar for the four corn genotypes. Meloidogyne incognita numbers in Tebeau, Old Raccoon, Mp307, and Pioneer 3110 peaked at 12, 12, 15, and 27 DAI, respectively. Nematode development in the resistant genotypes was greatly suppressed compared to Pioneer 3110. Resistance to M. incognita in these genotypes appears to be expressed primarily as slower nematode development rather than differences in J2 penetration. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Windham, G L AU - Williams, W P AD - USDA ARS, Crop Sci. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 80 EP - 85 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - hybrids KW - Zea mays KW - roots KW - growth rate KW - Meloidogyne incognita KW - D 04656:Nematodes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16799806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Penetration+and+development+of+Meloidogyne+incognita+in+roots+of+resistant+and+susceptible+corn+genotypes&rft.au=Windham%2C+G+L%3BWilliams%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Windham&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meloidogyne incognita; Zea mays; USA; growth rate; roots; hybrids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rhizosphere competence of Fusarium species colonizing corn roots AN - 16798791; 3547706 AB - We examined colonization of corn roots and rhizosphere soil by Fusarium species, corn root and rhizosphere colonization by Fusarium graminearum in competition with F. oxysporum or F. proliferatum in the growth chamber, and variability in corn root and rhizosphere colonization among isolates of F. graminearum and F. oxysporum. When corn kernels were infested with individual Fusarium species then planted in the field, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, and F. proliferatum were isolated from root tissue and rhizosphere soil along the entire portion of root sampled. F. solani was isolated from nearly the entire root length and accompanying rhizosphere soil. F. equiseti and F. graminearum, however, were isolated from a very limited portion of the root and rhizosphere soil. Colonization patterns in a growth chamber were similar to the field study. Moreover, F. graminearum colonized a smaller portion of the root and rhizosphere in the presence of F. oxysporum or F. proliferatum than alone. Isolates of F. graminearum and F. oxysporum varied in degrees of root and rhizosphere colonization. We suggest that F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. solani are rhizosphere competent on corn, whereas F. graminearum and F. equiseti are not rhizosphere competent. JF - Phytopathology AU - Ocamb, C M AU - Kommedahl, T AD - USDA Forest Serv., N. Central Forest Exp. Stat., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 166 EP - 172 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - roots KW - Fusarium proliferatum KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - rhizosphere KW - colonization KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - Zea mays KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16798791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Rhizosphere+competence+of+Fusarium+species+colonizing+corn+roots&rft.au=Ocamb%2C+C+M%3BKommedahl%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ocamb&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium proliferatum; Zea mays; colonization; roots; rhizosphere ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding behavior of Melipotis indomita (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a herbivore of mesquite (Prosopis spp.) AN - 16797763; 3550064 AB - The mesquite cutworm, Melipotis indomita (Walker), is the major defoliator of mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa Torrey, in central Texas. Larvae consumed an average 181 cm super(2) of foliage during their development and active last instars consumed 20-30 cm super(2) per day. Early instars fed and developed only on young mesquite leaves. The ability to feed on mature leaves increased with age, but only last instars developed normally when provided with mature leaves only. In an outdoor insectary, larvae fed mostly at night, a tendency that was much stronger during the later instars. In the field, large larvae fed in the tree at night and hid in crevices or holes in the tree or under litter on the ground during the day. The possible relationship between this feeding behavior and predator avoidance is discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - DeLoach, C J AD - Grassland, Soil and Water Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 808 East Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 161 EP - 166 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Melipotis indomita KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - herbivores KW - host plants KW - Lepidoptera KW - Prosopis glandulosa KW - feeding behavior KW - Noctuidae KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16797763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Feeding+behavior+of+Melipotis+indomita+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29%2C+a+herbivore+of+mesquite+%28Prosopis+spp.%29&rft.au=DeLoach%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=DeLoach&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prosopis glandulosa; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; feeding behavior; herbivores; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultraviolet-B radiation and ozone effects on growth, yield, and photosynthesis of soybean AN - 16797070; 3546242 AB - The projected increase in solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation due to depletion of stratospheric ozone (O sub(3)) has caused concern regarding possible UV-B damage to crops. At the same time, tropospheric O sub(3) is projected to remain at concentrations that are known to damage crops. Since these two stressors may co-occur, experiments were performed to determine their separate and joint effects on crop growth, yield, and photosynthesis. Open-top chambers, equipped with filtered UV-B lamp systems, were used in 3 yr of field studies to treat soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.; "Coker 6955", "Essex", and "S 53-34"] with supplemental UV-B radiation and/or O sub(3) from emergence through physiological maturity. Ultraviolet-B radiation did not affect soybean seed yield in any of the 3 yr of the study. On the other hand, O sub(3) treatment consistently induced visible injury, suppressed NCER and water use efficiency, accelerated reproductive development, and suppressed growth and yield. It is concluded that tropospheric O sub(3) poses a greater threat to soybean production than projected levels of UV-B radiation. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Miller, JE AU - Booker, F L AU - Fiscus, EL AU - Heagle, A S AU - Pursley, WA AU - Vozzo, S F AU - Heck, W W AD - USDA-ARS, North Carolina State Univ., 1509 Varsity Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 83 EP - 91 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - Glycine max KW - air pollution KW - ultraviolet radiation KW - ozone KW - solar radiation KW - crops KW - pollution effects KW - growth KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16797070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Ultraviolet-B+radiation+and+ozone+effects+on+growth%2C+yield%2C+and+photosynthesis+of+soybean&rft.au=Miller%2C+JE%3BBooker%2C+F+L%3BFiscus%2C+EL%3BHeagle%2C+A+S%3BPursley%2C+WA%3BVozzo%2C+S+F%3BHeck%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; ultraviolet radiation; ozone; pollution effects; photosynthesis; growth; crops; solar radiation; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of female Mediterranean fruit flies to the five major components of male-produced pheromone in a laboratory flight tunnel AN - 16795570; 3542503 AB - Attraction and pheromonal activity of five major identified components of the male-produced sex pheromone of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata to virgin laboratory-reared females was assessed in a laboratory flight tunnel. Dual-choice competitive assays were run to establish a baseline response of virgin females to live male pheromone, individual components, and an ensemble of all five compounds alone (air control) and competitively against one another. Approximately 50% of the females released in the tunnel were captured on leaf models emitting pheromonal odors from five live males. Over 37% of released females responded to an ensemble of five major identified components presented in individual capillaries. Response of females to individual components was less than 10%. Competitive assays showed the live male-produced pheromone to be more attractive than either the five major component ensemble (FMCE) or individual components. Further research is likely to identify other male-produced compounds with pheromonal activity that could improve development of a pheromone-based trap for monitoring Mediterranean fruit fly populations. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Jang, E B AU - Light, D M AU - Binder, R G AU - Flath, R A AU - Carvalho, LA AD - USDA-ARS Trop. Fruit & Veg. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 9 EP - 20 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - anemotaxis KW - females KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Tephritidae KW - attractancy KW - Diptera KW - flight activity KW - sex pheromone KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16795570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+female+Mediterranean+fruit+flies+to+the+five+major+components+of+male-produced+pheromone+in+a+laboratory+flight+tunnel&rft.au=Jang%2C+E+B%3BLight%2C+D+M%3BBinder%2C+R+G%3BFlath%2C+R+A%3BCarvalho%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Jang&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Diptera; attractancy; sex pheromone; anemotaxis; flight activity; females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postdiapause development and mating status of pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) affected by pear and nonhost species AN - 16795499; 3543947 AB - Large numbers of winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, leave the pear orchard in the fall, overwinter in diapause in nonpear habitats, and return to pear orchards the following spring. Postdiapause development of overwintering forms, including oogenesis and mating (indicated by spermatophore numbers in females), was more advanced in early spring for insects collected from pear than for those collected from apple, a nonhost but an important species for overwintering. These results were confirmed by caging psylla on pear and apple in the field and laboratory. Psylla were also caged on a number of ornamental species in fall, and mortality and postdiapause development were monitored. Some insects, with the exception of those placed on a dead pear tree, survived the winter on all plant species. Postdiapause development on most species lagged behind that on pear. Psylla collected from pear trees on the orchard perimeter were often less advanced than those collected from the orchard interior, suggesting that psylla tended to colonize orchard edges. These effects were most pronounced in orchards and during years in which reentry rates were highest. Ovarian development of psylla was similar in insects removed from yellow sticky traps and from clear sticky traps. Females removed from yellow traps had more spermatophores than those removed from clear traps on two sampling dates. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AU - Higbee, B S AU - Krysan, J L AD - USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 241 EP - 249 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - post-diapause KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - development KW - dispersal KW - host plants KW - breeding status KW - Psyllidae KW - mating KW - Homoptera KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05188:Growth & regeneration KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16795499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Postdiapause+development+and+mating+status+of+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29+affected+by+pear+and+nonhost+species&rft.au=Horton%3BHigbee%2C+B+S%3BKrysan%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Psyllidae; Homoptera; development; mating; breeding status; host plants; dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): A statistical model of the role of temperature, photoperiod, and geography in the induction of egg diapause AN - 16794253; 3545390 AB - Aedes albopictus (Skuse) lays eggs refractory to hatching in response to several environmental cues. The goal of this statistical treatment was to quantify the role and interaction of latitude and country of origin (Japan and the United States), photoperiod, rearing/holding temperature, and a newly identified element, elevation of the site of origin, with critical photoperiod (C sub(pp)). We also describe the development of an equation relating the incidence of diapause to daylength, rearing/holding temperature, and latitude and elevation of the site of origin, an equation useful in the development of a simulation model of the population dynamics and distribution of Ae. albopictus in North America. The analysis indicated that elevation from 0 to 300 m is significantly correlated with C sub(pp). The results also corroborate earlier conclusions that, on the basis of a shallower geographical cline in photoperiodic response in the United States, North America strains of Ae. albopictus have a temperate origin in Asia and indicate that the rapid spread of this mosquito within the United States via the distribution of used tires resulted in founder populations that were only partially adapted in diapause response to local conditions. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Focks, DA AU - Linda, S B AU - Craig, GB Jr AU - Hawley, WA AU - Pumpuni, C B AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 278 EP - 286 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - aquatic insects KW - diapause induction KW - geographical variations KW - insect eggs KW - statistical models KW - temperate effects KW - temperature KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - geographical distribution KW - Culicidae KW - diapause KW - Aedes albopictus KW - photoperiods KW - models KW - USA KW - latitude KW - Diptera KW - Japan KW - Z 05189:Diapause KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16794253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Aedes+albopictus+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29%3A+A+statistical+model+of+the+role+of+temperature%2C+photoperiod%2C+and+geography+in+the+induction+of+egg+diapause&rft.au=Focks%2C+DA%3BLinda%2C+S+B%3BCraig%2C+GB+Jr%3BHawley%2C+WA%3BPumpuni%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Focks&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; insect eggs; geographical distribution; diapause; latitude; statistical models; aquatic insects; photoperiods; temperature; geographical variations; diapause induction; Culicidae; Diptera; Aedes albopictus; USA; Japan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relation of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) leaf-feeding resistance and DIMBOA content in maize AN - 16793872; 3546520 AB - European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner), is a major insect pest of maize, Zea mays L., in the northern Corn Belt, which affects production through physiological yield reduction and harvest losses. Four maize inbreds (two resistant [CI31A and B75] and two susceptible [C103 and CI21E] to first-generation European corn borer along with all possible F sub(1)s [6 each] and F sub(2)s [6 each] plus the double crosses [15 each] from the F sub(1)s) were evaluated for resistance to leaf feeding by the European corn borer and 2,4-dihydrox-7-methoxy-1, 4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) concentration in the leaf tissue. The two objectives of our study were: (1) to compare the traditional visual leaf feeding rating scale to a chemical analysis of the concentration of DIMBOA and (2) to determine the concentration and persistence of DIMBOA among these genotypes in relation to resistance. The leaf-feeding resistant inbreds, CI31A and B75, had initial ratings of 1.0 on a scale of 1-9 (1, highly resistant to 9, highly susceptible) and they had a concentration of DIMBOA of 704 and 433 mu g/g, respectively. The susceptible inbreds, C103 and C121E, had ratings of 7.5 and 3.8 and DIMBOA concentrations of 91 and 70 mu g/g, respectively. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Barry, D AU - Alfaro, D AU - Darrah, L L AD - Plant Genet. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS and Dep. Entomol., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 177 EP - 182 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - DIMBOA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - insecticides KW - Pyralidae KW - feeding KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - Lepidoptera KW - pest resistance KW - Zea mays KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16793872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Relation+of+European+corn+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29+leaf-feeding+resistance+and+DIMBOA+content+in+maize&rft.au=Barry%2C+D%3BAlfaro%2C+D%3BDarrah%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Pyralidae; Lepidoptera; feeding; pest resistance; insecticides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pheromone deposition on leaf territories by male Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16790614; 3546178 AB - Male Caribbean fruit flies apply everted and membranes associated with pheromone glands to the substrate while on leaf territories. There is a peak in abdominal dipping at the onset of the photoperiod, followed by a decline and then a more extensive period of activity in the second half of the photoperiod. During peak signaling periods, most males had a distinct set of lateral abdominal pheromone glands protruded for most of the time. However, the frequency of anal pheromone gland dipping varied considerably over time. Episodes of wing fanning (which may disperse pheromones) and abdomen dipping coincide during a male's tenure on a host leaf. Host-plant leaves were contained for 48 h with signaling males or immature females or kept without insects. Several, though not all, of the constituents of the pheromone were found on leaves within 1 h of removing signaling males. None of these compounds occurred on either type of control leaf. Mature virgin female flies were more likely to be found in contract with host leaves that had been previously exposed for 48 h to the activities of sexually mature males than with unexposed control leaves. There was no difference in the reaction of mature virgin female flies to unexposed control leaves or leaves previously exposed to the activities of other sexually immature female or male flies for 48 h. Presumably, the deposition of pheromones by mature males accounts for the difference in reactions. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Sivinski, J M AU - Epsky, N AU - Heath, R R AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 43 EP - 51 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Caribbean fruit flies KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - territory KW - leaves KW - lek KW - Tephritidae KW - Anastrepha suspensa KW - pheromones KW - Diptera KW - sex pheromone KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05194:Communication KW - Y 25363:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16790614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Pheromone+deposition+on+leaf+territories+by+male+Caribbean+fruit+flies%2C+Anastrepha+suspensa+%28Loew%29+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J+M%3BEpsky%2C+N%3BHeath%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha suspensa; Tephritidae; Diptera; leaves; territory; pheromones; lek; sex pheromone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-opsonic attachment of Bordetella bronchiseptica mediated by CD11/CD18 and cell surface carbohydrates AN - 16790243; 3745029 AB - Porcine atrophic rhinitis associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica is characterized by a severe inflammatory response in the mucosa of the nasal turbinates. Initial infiltrates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are followed by accumulations of mononuclear cells. In this report, we have investigated the interaction between porcine PMN and B. bronchiseptica. PMN incubated in PBS with a fluorescently labeled hemagglutinating porcine isolate, but not a non-hemagglutinating variant, had high levels of cell-associated fluorescence as determined by flow cytometry. Light microscopy indicated that most cell-associated bacteria were ingested. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intracellular bacteria, which were contained within membrane-bound phagosomes. A monoclonal antibody specific for the leukocyte integrin polypeptide CD18 partially inhibited attachment of B. bronchiseptica to normal PMN but not to PMN genetically deficient in CD11/CD18 integrins. Higher levels of inhibition occurred when bacteria and normal PMN were co-incubated in the presence of galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, mannose and methyl alpha -D-mannopyranoside. D-glucose, L-fucose, alpha -lactose and sialic acid had no inhibitory effect. We conclude that B. bronchiseptica is readily ingested by porcine PMN in the absence of complement and antibody and that internalization is mediated by multiple adhesion mechanisms, including CD18- and carbohydrate-dependent ones. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Register, K B AU - Ackermann, M R AU - Kehrli, ME Jr AD - USDA/ARS/MWA, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 375 EP - 385 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - cd11 integrins KW - cd18 integrins KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - leukocytes (polymorphonuclear) KW - carbohydrates KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16790243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Non-opsonic+attachment+of+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+mediated+by+CD11%2FCD18+and+cell+surface+carbohydrates&rft.au=Register%2C+K+B%3BAckermann%2C+M+R%3BKehrli%2C+ME+Jr&rft.aulast=Register&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; leukocytes (polymorphonuclear); carbohydrates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population suppression and sterility rates induced by variable sex ratio, sterile insect releases of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii AN - 16789465; 3543946 AB - Sterile insect releases of a pupal color-based genetic sexing strain of the Mediterranean fruitfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were made during the summer and fall of 1991 in coffee plantations in Kauai, HI. Four treatments compared with respect to trap recapture and sterility rates induced in native populations were: (1) genetic sexing strain () 99% males = males only), (2) genetic sexing strain (males and females), (3) genetic sexing strain (high % female female), and (4) standard strain (males and females). Each week either 2 liters () 120,000) of irradiated pupae for the bisexual populations or 1 liter of irradiated pupae for the unisexual populations were dye-marked and ground released in buckets. Adult flies emerged and dispersed throughout individual () 1 ha) coffee fields. Flies were trapped weekly in standard dry traps or in liquid protein traps. Coffee berry samples were collected weekly to determine egg sterility rates, and females trapped in liquid protein were dissected for presence of sperm and sperm type. A new technique was developed to type sperm as either sterile (irradiated) or wild in mated females. An estimate of sterile fly competitiveness based on relative degrees of egg hatch suppression indicated an overall three- to five-fold increase in competitiveness of the males-only strain compared with the standard bisexual strain. Significantly, however, this difference even widened to a qualitative degree by the end of the test. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - McInnis, DO AU - Tam, S AU - Grace, C AU - Miyashita, D AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 231 EP - 240 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - biological control KW - Coffea KW - USA, Hawaii KW - sex ratio KW - Tephritidae KW - plantations KW - sterile-release KW - population regulation KW - Diptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+method+to+determine+bioavailable+phosphorus+loss+in+agricultural+runoff&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J+S%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Coffea; Tephritidae; Diptera; USA, Hawaii; population regulation; biological control; sterile-release; sex ratio; plantations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supercritical fluid extraction and enzyme immunoassay for pesticide detection in meat products AN - 16789041; 3747437 AB - Two techniques supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were integrated into an analytical method for the rapid detection of pesticide residues in meat samples. The pesticides of interest were extracted from meats using supercritical CO sub(2). A pumpless SFE system, which was designed in our laboratory, and commercial equipment were used in SFE experiments. The presence of pesticide residues in the extract was quantitatively determined using the magnetic bead-based EIA kits. Several types of pesticides (alachlor, carbofuran, atrazine, benomyl, and 2,4-D), spiked in the meat samples (bovine liver, ground beef, and lard), were extracted and analyzed. Interferences caused by the coextracted substances from these complex sample matrices required the use of a cleanup step prior to the EIA test. The described techniques are potentially portable and could be used for the rapid screening of meat samples in plant environments. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Nam, Ki-Souk AU - King, J W AD - Food Qual. and Saf. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., ARS/USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1469 EP - 1474 VL - 42 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - sampling methods KW - meat KW - meat products KW - sampling KW - enzyme immunoassay KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - pesticide residues KW - food contamination KW - immunoassays KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24136:Environmental impact KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Supercritical+fluid+extraction+and+enzyme+immunoassay+for+pesticide+detection+in+meat+products&rft.au=Nam%2C+Ki-Souk%3BKing%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Nam&rft.aufirst=Ki-Souk&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food contamination; pesticide residues; immunoassays; sampling methods; meat; meat products; sampling; enzyme immunoassay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil organic matter and available water capacity AN - 16788934; 3548485 AB - For the last 50 years, the consensus view among researchers has been that organic matter (OM) has little or no effect on the available water capacity (AWC) of soil. The historical development of this viewpoint is traced. It is argued that the literature on this subject has been misconstrued and that the consensus view is wrong. In addition to a critical review of the literature, published data were evaluated to assess the effect of OM content on the AWC of surface soil within three textural groups. Within each group, as OM content increased, the volume of water held at field capacity increased at a much greater rate than that held at the permanent wilting point. As a result, highly significant positive correlations were found between OM content and AWC for sand, silt loam and silty clay loam texture groups. In all texture groups, as OM content increased from 0.5 to 3%, AWC of the soil more than doubled. Soil OM is an important determinant of AWC because, on a volume basis, it is a significant soil component. In this study, one to 6% OM by weight was equivalent to approximately 5 to 25% by volume. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Hudson, B D AD - USDA-SCS, For. Sci. Lab. P.O. Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 189 EP - 193 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - soil types KW - available water KW - organic matter KW - literature review KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16788934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Soil+organic+matter+and+available+water+capacity&rft.au=Hudson%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic matter; available water; soil water; soil types; literature review ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioregions: An ecological and evolutionary perspective and a proposal for California AN - 16788859; 3747368 AB - Bioregions are natural assemblages of plants and animals with discernible but dynamic boundaries existing simultaneously along both spatial and temporal trajectories. I argue that the designation of bioregions should be based on the study of biogeography and must adhere to the tenets of this discipline; they are not spatial designations of political convenience. Bioregions are defined by physiographic and climatic limits that define the natural communities of organisms in space and time through interactions with the physiological and behavioral capabilities of these organisms. Plants are less vagile than animals and therefore lend themselves better to describing such natural communities. Despite the fluctuation of biotic communities in both time and space, and the anthropogenic bias inherent in defining their composition, such natural assemblages do exist on the landscape and they are of scientific interest and have useful management applications. I propose sixteen bioregions for the state of California and include definitions of geographic boundaries, dominant plant communities, and lists of vertebrate species typical of these bioregions. JF - California Fish and Game AU - Welsh, HH Jr AD - USDA Forest Serv., Redwood Sci. Lab., 1700 Bayview Dr., Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 97 EP - 124 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0008-1078, 0008-1078 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Chordata KW - plant communities KW - biogeography KW - USA, California KW - evolution KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16788859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.atitle=Bioregions%3A+An+ecological+and+evolutionary+perspective+and+a+proposal+for+California&rft.au=Welsh%2C+HH+Jr&rft.aulast=Welsh&rft.aufirst=HH&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.issn=00081078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chordata; USA, California; biogeography; plant communities; evolution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation of Staphylococcus species by polymerase chain reaction-based DNA fingerprinting AN - 16788222; 3748284 AB - Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Staphylococcus species was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-based (PCR-based) DNA fingerprinting to distinguish between species. A total of 123 staphylococci isolated from bovine mammary secretions, and nine type strains representing eight species were evaluated. Amplified DNA fragments were categorized as either primary, secondary or variable fragments. Primary [optical density > 0.3 absorbance units (AU)] and secondary fragments (optical density > 0.12 AU) were observed in all isolates within a species. Infrequent DNA fragments were designated as variable fragments (optical density > 0.12 AU). Profiles were discrete and reproducible for each species. A simple identification scheme was developed based on the occurrence of primary and secondary DNA fragments for a species. A computer integrated scanning laser densitometer was utilized to store, retrieve, compare and evaluate DNA fingerprint profiles. This permitted rapid and accurate evaluation of staphylococcal isolates. Results of this study suggest that PCR-based DNA fingerprinting is suitable for typing Staphylococcus species of bovine origin. This technique could be of value to researchers and clinicians involved in the study of bacteria isolated from food, humans and animals. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Matthews, K R AU - Oliver, S P AD - USDA-ARS, 2460 Morgan Circle, Room 109, McCord Hall, Univ. Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 486 EP - 489 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Staphylococcus KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16788222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Differentiation+of+Staphylococcus+species+by+polymerase+chain+reaction-based+DNA+fingerprinting&rft.au=Matthews%2C+K+R%3BOliver%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus; polymerase chain reaction; DNA fingerprinting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between molecular properties and log P and soil sorption (K sub(oc)) of substituted phenylureas: QSAR models AN - 16787493; 3747476 AB - Molecular modeling techniques were used to establish relationships between the molecular properties of 45 substituted phenylureas and their octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) and soil sorption normalized to organic carbon (K sub(oc)). Log P and K sub(oc) values were obtained from the literature. The molecular properties were calculated using MOPAC-MNDO molecular orbital methods. The QSAR models based on van der Waals volume, dipole moment, and energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital produced estimates of log P and K sub(oc) that correlate well with experimental values. The QSAR models appear to be specific to structurally similar chemicals. JF - Chemosphere AU - Reddy, K N AU - Locke, MA AD - Southern Weed Sci. Lab., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1929 EP - 1941 VL - 28 IS - 11 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - phenylureas KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - sorption KW - herbicides KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16787493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+molecular+properties+and+log+P+and+soil+sorption+%28K+sub%28oc%29%29+of+substituted+phenylureas%3A+QSAR+models&rft.au=Reddy%2C+K+N%3BLocke%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; sorption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyclopiazonic acid residues in milk and eggs AN - 16787440; 3748334 AB - The mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was detected in the milk from ewes and the eggs from chickens that were given oral doses of the toxin. Three lactating ewes were given CPA for 2 days at a rate of 5 mg/kg of live weight. Thin-layer chromatographic analyses of dried, defatted milk samples showed that CPA was present in milk at an average concentration of 236 ng/g within 24 h of the first dose. The concentration of CPA reached a high of 568 ng/g, but none was detectable by the ninth day after the first dose. Laying hens were given oral doses of CPA in two separate studies: an acute study over 9 days with dose groups of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg of live weight and a chronic study over 4 weeks with dose groups of 0.0, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/kg of live weight. Eggs from birds in all dose groups throughout both studies contained CPA. The concentrations of CPA were much higher in egg whites than in egg yolks, averaging approximately 100 and 10 ng/g, respectively. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Dorner, J W AU - Cole, R J AU - Erlington, D J AU - Suksupath, S AU - McDowell, G H AU - Bryden, W L AD - Natl. Peanut Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 1011 Forrester Dr. S.E., Dawson, GA 31742, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1516 EP - 1518 VL - 42 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - cyclopiazonic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Penicillium KW - food contamination KW - eggs KW - milk KW - mycotoxins KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16787440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Cyclopiazonic+acid+residues+in+milk+and+eggs&rft.au=Dorner%2C+J+W%3BCole%2C+R+J%3BErlington%2C+D+J%3BSuksupath%2C+S%3BMcDowell%2C+G+H%3BBryden%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Dorner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Penicillium; mycotoxins; milk; eggs; food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of trisodium phosphate on salmonellae attached to chicken skin AN - 16787204; 3748286 AB - Processed carcasses from a commercial plant were inoculated with 10 super(8) or 10 super(2) colony forming units (CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium 14028. Inoculated carcasses were dipped in a 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP) solution for 15 min. Whole carcass rinses and skin homogenates were tested with and without a 2 L water rinse to remove residual TSP, using unbuffered or buffered peptone solutions. High pH values in test solutions resulting from TSP treatments could interfere with the efficient recovery of Salmonella. Salmonellae levels were reduced by 2 logs, but decreases in total aerobic counts were much smaller as a result of TSP treatments. Salmonellae were recovered from skin and carcasses inoculated with 10 super(8) or 10 super(2) CFU when a 2 L water rinse followed the TSP treatment, and buffered peptone was used for bacterial recovery. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Lillard, H S AD - USDA-ARS, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 465 EP - 469 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - sodium phosphate, tribasic KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - skin KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16787204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+trisodium+phosphate+on+salmonellae+attached+to+chicken+skin&rft.au=Lillard%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Lillard&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; skin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning, characterization and construction of htrA and htrA-like mutants of Brucella abortus and their survival in BALB/c mice AN - 16786944; 3750809 AB - A genomic library of Brucella abortus S2308 was screened for expression of recombinant proteins recognized by sera from mice and from cattle infected with B. abortus. A positive clone, BA1, expressing a 50 kDa peptide was recognized by both sera. Plasmid pBA1, isolated from BA1, was shown by restriction enzyme digestion to possess a 1.9 kb insert. The nucleotide sequence of the pBA1 insert revealed an open reading frame with of 1539 bases with a coding capacity of 513 amino acids and a predicted molecular weight of 50 992. The predicted amino acid sequence showed 37% identity to E. coli HtrA, a temperature inducible serine protease. A second B. abortus htrA gene, designated htrA-like, was identified on a different cloned fragment that also encoded B. abortus recA. The nucleotide sequence of the htrA-like gene revealed an open reading frame of 1422 nucleotides with a coding capacity of 474 amino acids and a predicted molecular weight of 50 155. The deduced amino acid sequence of the htrA-like gene showed 42% and 36% identity with B. abortus and E. coli HtrAs respectively. Western blotting of E. coli lysate containing the htrA-like gene was not recognized by sera from B. abortus-infected cattle or mice. B. abortus htrA but not htrA-like relieved the temperature sensitive phenotype and permitted growth of an E. coli htrA mutant at 42 degree C. B. abortus htrA and htrA-like mutants were constructed and their survival and growth in BALB/c mice was compared to the parental strain S2308. Splenic levels of htrA or htrA-like mutants were initially lower but after 60 days post-infection both were higher than the parental strain. Histologic analysis of hepatic inflammatory responses suggested that an initial intense granuloma formation in the htrA group was the basis for early low splenic titers of bacteria, but that failure to maintain granulomas, as did mice given the parental strain, resulted in a marked secondary rise in splenic bacterial titers. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Tatum, F M AU - Cheville, N F AU - Morfitt, D AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Brucellosis Unit, USDA/ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 23 EP - 36 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - HtrA protein KW - htrA gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - cloning KW - Escherichia coli KW - Brucella abortus KW - mutants KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16786944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Cloning%2C+characterization+and+construction+of+htrA+and+htrA-like+mutants+of+Brucella+abortus+and+their+survival+in+BALB%2Fc+mice&rft.au=Tatum%2C+F+M%3BCheville%2C+N+F%3BMorfitt%2C+D&rft.aulast=Tatum&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning; mutants; Escherichia coli; Brucella abortus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal antibody for multiresidue ELISA of benzimidazole anthelmintics in liver AN - 16786793; 3748332 AB - A monoclonal antibody has been prepared that binds the major benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs, including albendazole, fenbendazole, oxfendazole, and several of their metabolites. In addition, the antibody binds methyl benzimidazolecarbamate, a metabolite and breakdown product of the pesticide benomyl. The antibody was elicited from mice using the novel hapten methyl 5(6)-[(carboxypentyl)-thio]-2-benzimidazolecarbamate and was used to develop an ELISA method that can detect multiple benzimidazole drug and pesticide residues at concentrations between 1 and 8 ppb. The ELISA provided the basis for quantification of drug residues in bovine liver using aqueous extraction. The sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites of albendazole and fenbendazole were readily extractable and quantifiable by this method. ELISA of liver tissue from cows treated with fenbendazole produced excellent agreement with the results of HPLC analysis. In bovine liver samples fortified with equal amounts of benzimidazole drug and sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites, the limits of detection were 58 ppb for the albendazole group and 120 ppb for the fenbendazole compounds. This sensitivity enables rapid identification of samples requiring residue-specific quantitative analysis. Since the ELISA method employs stable nonhazardous materials and reagents, it could be performed in the field for rapid screening of meat products for undesired residues. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Brandon, D L AU - Binder, R G AU - Bates, AH AU - Montague, WC Jr AD - Food Saf. and Health Res. Unit, West. Reg. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1588 EP - 1594 VL - 42 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - benzimidazole KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - residues KW - liver KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - anthelmintic agents KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - X 24114:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16786793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+antibody+for+multiresidue+ELISA+of+benzimidazole+anthelmintics+in+liver&rft.au=Brandon%2C+D+L%3BBinder%2C+R+G%3BBates%2C+AH%3BMontague%2C+WC+Jr&rft.aulast=Brandon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1588&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - monoclonal antibodies; liver; anthelmintic agents; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; residues ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Passive trap for monitoring codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) flight activity AN - 16786451; 3538683 AB - A new passive trap, constructed of rigid, clear plastic panes (0.3 m by 0.3 m), coated with an STP Oil Treatment film as an adhesive, was developed for monitoring codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), movement within and between orchard canopies. Tests showed that the trap was effective in recapturing released codling moth adults, that the adhesive was not attractive to moths, and that the adhesive was still effective after remaining on a trap for 1 wk in the field. Field experiments demonstrated that the passive pane-trap method is as efficient for catching moths as molasses-baited traps but that it is less efficient than pheromone-baited and blacklight traps placed in an orchard at equal densities. However, total capture of moths in plots treated with pane traps increased with trap density. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Weissling, T J AU - Knight, AL AD - Yakima Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 103 EP - 107 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - technology KW - monitoring KW - Lepidoptera KW - Tortricidae KW - traps KW - Cydia pomonella KW - flight activity KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16786451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Passive+trap+for+monitoring+codling+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+flight+activity&rft.au=Weissling%2C+T+J%3BKnight%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Weissling&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cydia pomonella; Tortricidae; Lepidoptera; flight activity; monitoring; traps; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineralization of alachlor by lignin-degrading fungi AN - 16783688; 3742207 AB - White rot fungi were able to mineralize the aromatic ring carbon of alachlor to CO sub(2). After 122 days, 14 and 12% of the alachlor that was initially present in malt extract cultures supplemented with a wood substrate was mineralized at room temperature by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Phlebia tremellosa, respectively. Although Phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized alachlor at 25 degree C, it did so more slowly than the other two white rot fungi. The brown rot fungus Fomitopsis pinicola did not mineralize alachlor. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Ferrey, M L AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Blanchette, R A AU - Burnes, T A AD - Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 795 EP - 798 VL - 40 IS - 9 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - alachlor KW - lignin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - biodegradation KW - Ceriporiopsis subvermispora KW - Phlebia tremellosa KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16783688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=Mineralization+of+alachlor+by+lignin-degrading+fungi&rft.au=Ferrey%2C+M+L%3BKoskinen%2C+W+C%3BBlanchette%2C+R+A%3BBurnes%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Ferrey&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=795&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceriporiopsis subvermispora; Phlebia tremellosa; Phanerochaete chrysosporium; biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation on the horn fly by three exotic species of Philonthus AN - 16783046; 3538693 JF - Journal of Agricultural Entomology AU - Fincher, G T AU - Summerlin, J W AD - Vet. Entomol. Res. Unit, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., USDA, ARS, Rt. 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 45 EP - 48 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0735-939X, 0735-939X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - Philonthus KW - predation KW - Staphylinidae KW - Haematobia irritans KW - Diptera KW - Muscidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16783046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Entomology&rft.atitle=Predation+on+the+horn+fly+by+three+exotic+species+of+Philonthus&rft.au=Fincher%2C+G+T%3BSummerlin%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Fincher&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Entomology&rft.issn=0735939X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haematobia irritans; Staphylinidae; Philonthus; Coleoptera; Muscidae; Diptera; predation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of mycorrhizal fungal isolates stored in sterile water at two temperatures and retrieved on solid and liquid nutrient media AN - 16781878; 3742044 AB - Vegetatively colonized agar cores of 169 reputed mycorrhizal fungal isolates, representing 18 Ascomycotina, 141 Basidiomycotina, and 10 Deuteromycotina fungi, were stored at 4 and 18 degree C in tubes of sterile deionized water. Viability, based on growth on solid and liquid nutrient media at 18 degree C, was determined after a 20-month storage period. Ninety-five percent of the isolates were retrieved in at least one of three treatments: 89% in liquid nutrient media and 84% on solid media after storage at 18 degree C, and 78% on solid media after storage at 4 degree C. Nearly all Ascomycotina and Deuteromycotina isolates were retrieved regardless of the storage temperature or form of retrieval medium. Basidiomycotina isolates differed more in survival and percentage of viability than Ascomycotina or Deuteromycotina. For example, storage temperature influenced the viability of Laccaria isolates and the form of retrieval medium influenced the viability of Rhizopogon isolates. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Smith, JE AU - McKay, D AU - Molina, R AD - USDA, For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 736 EP - 742 VL - 40 IS - 9 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fungi KW - media (culture) KW - mycorrhizas KW - storage KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16781878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=Survival+of+mycorrhizal+fungal+isolates+stored+in+sterile+water+at+two+temperatures+and+retrieved+on+solid+and+liquid+nutrient+media&rft.au=Smith%2C+JE%3BMcKay%2C+D%3BMolina%2C+R&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=736&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycorrhizas; fungi; storage; media (culture) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential of the Combined use of inherited sterility and a parasitoid, Archytas marmoratus (Diptera: Tachinidae), for managing Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16781298; 3538990 AB - The potential for combining inherited sterility with Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) (Diptera: Tachinidae) to manage the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was examined in the laboratory and in the field. Larvae from crosses of irradiated males with normal females, irradiated females with normal males, and normal males with normal females were exposed to maggots of A. marmoratus in the laboratory and the field. Emergence of parasitoids from larvae of irradiated female and normal male crosses was significantly less than that of larvae from normal parents and of larvae from irradiated male and normal female crosses, but there were no differences between emergence from larvae from normal crosses and irradiated male by normal female crosses. Mortality of unparasitized larvae was greater when male or female parents were irradiated, than when they were unirradiated. Larvae of irradiated parents developed more slowly than did larvae of normal parents, at the time of collection from the field, larvae resulting from irradiated male by normal female crosses were predominantly fourth and early fifth instars, while larvae resulting from normal male by normal female crosses were predominantly late fifth instars. Among larvae resulting from normal crosses, parasitoid emergence was greater from hosts collected as fifth instars than from hosts collected as fourth and early fifth instars. Combining inherited sterility and A. marmoratus may be feasible for managing the early season population of H. zea. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Mannion, C M AU - Carpenter, JE AU - Gross, H R AD - Insect Biol. and Pest Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 41 EP - 46 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - heredity KW - biological control KW - parasitoids KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - sterility KW - Lepidoptera KW - Tachinidae KW - Noctuidae KW - Archytas marmoratus KW - Diptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16781298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Potential+of+the+Combined+use+of+inherited+sterility+and+a+parasitoid%2C+Archytas+marmoratus+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29%2C+for+managing+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Mannion%2C+C+M%3BCarpenter%2C+JE%3BGross%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Mannion&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Archytas marmoratus; Tachinidae; Diptera; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; biological control; parasitoids; heredity; sterility ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytophagous insect faunas of Baccharis salicina, B. pteronioides, and B. bigelovii (Asteraceae) in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico AN - 16780572; 3539025 AB - Phytophagous insect faunas of Baccharis salicina Torr. & Gray, B. pteronioides DC, and B. bigelovii Gray were studied in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Phytophagous insects representing 61 species, 31 families, and seven orders were collected on B. salicina. About 43% of these species were polyphagous; 13% were oligophagous, apparently restricted to the family Asteraceae; and 15% were monophagous, apparently restricted to the genus Baccharis. Sixteen percent of the insects collected were economically important pests. Phytophagous insects representing 55 species, 26 families, and seven orders fed on B. pteronioides. About 25% of the species were polyphagous, 13% were oligophagous, and 2% were monophagous. Phytophagous insects of 32 species, 22 families, and seven orders fed on B. bigelovii. About 28% were polyphagous, 16% were oligophagous, and 13% were monophagous. Months of the year that immature and adult insects were present on the host plant, relative frequency, and associated plant parts are reported. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Boldt, P E AU - Robbins, TO AD - Grassland, Soil and Water Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 808 E. Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 47 EP - 57 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - herbivores KW - USA, Southwest KW - host plants KW - entomofauna KW - Mexico KW - Baccharis KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16780572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Phytophagous+insect+faunas+of+Baccharis+salicina%2C+B.+pteronioides%2C+and+B.+bigelovii+%28Asteraceae%29+in+the+southwestern+United+States+and+northern+Mexico&rft.au=Boldt%2C+P+E%3BRobbins%2C+TO&rft.aulast=Boldt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Baccharis; USA, Southwest; Mexico; entomofauna; herbivores; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility of point-nonpoint source trading for managing agricultural pollutant loadings to coastal waters AN - 16780415; 3738759 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Crutchfield AU - Letson, D AU - Malik, A S AD - Resour. Tech. Div., Econ. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2825 EP - 2836 VL - 30 IS - 10 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - coastal water KW - coastal zone management KW - cost analysis KW - environmental impact KW - feasibility studies KW - nonpoint pollution KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - point-nonpoint source trading KW - pollution control KW - stormwater runoff KW - water policy KW - water pollution control KW - water pollution sources KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Freshwater KW - coastal waters KW - agricultural runoff KW - water quality control KW - USA Coasts KW - water pollution KW - Marine KW - agriculture KW - regional planning KW - Brackish KW - land use KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16780415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Feasibility+of+point-nonpoint+source+trading+for+managing+agricultural+pollutant+loadings+to+coastal+waters&rft.au=Crutchfield%3BLetson%2C+D%3BMalik%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Crutchfield&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water policy; water quality; environmental impact; regional planning; agriculture; coastal waters; agricultural runoff; cost analysis; coastal zone management; water quality control; water pollution; land use; stormwater runoff; pollution control; feasibility studies; water pollution control; nonpoint pollution; water pollution sources; nonpoint pollution sources; USA Coasts; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat use by sympatric female mallards and American black ducks breeding in a forested environment AN - 16778692; 3743550 AB - There has been much speculation regarding whether breeding mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and American black ducks (A. rubripes) use similar habitat types in forested areas, which could lead to increased interspecific contact. To study this issue, we used radiotelemetry during 1990-1991 on sympatric female mallards and black ducks breeding in the western Adirondack Mountains of New York. Mallard and black duck pairs occupied the general area at a density of 0.7 and 0.6/km super(2), respectively. Black duck home ranges tended to be larger than those of mallards, although the difference was not significant. Habitat composition within the home ranges of mallards and black ducks was similar, upland forest being the dominant habitat type, followed by wetlands, disturbed areas, and active residential sites. Within home ranges, mallards and black ducks were similar in their use of four major wetland habitat types. Our data suggest that undisturbed forest and habitat use within such areas may not serve as an isolating mechanism between breeding mallards and black ducks. JF - Canadian Journal of Zoology/Revue Canadienne de Zoologie AU - Dwyer, C P AU - Baldassarre, G A AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 6100 Columbus Ave., Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1538 EP - 1542 VL - 72 IS - 9 SN - 0008-4301, 0008-4301 KW - aquatic birds KW - habitat utilization KW - sympatric species KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - home range KW - breeding sites KW - Freshwater KW - USA, New York KW - Anas rubripes KW - Anas platyrhynchos KW - wetlands KW - habitat selection KW - sympatric populations KW - niches KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25386:Birds KW - Q1 08264:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16778692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Zoologie&rft.atitle=Habitat+use+by+sympatric+female+mallards+and+American+black+ducks+breeding+in+a+forested+environment&rft.au=Dwyer%2C+C+P%3BBaldassarre%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1538&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Zoologie&rft.issn=00084301&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; wetlands; habitat selection; home range; breeding sites; niches; sympatric populations; habitat utilization; Anas platyrhynchos; Anas rubripes; USA, New York; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasitoid aggregation and the stabilization of a salt marsh host-parasitoid system AN - 16778409; 3538665 AB - We examine a salt marsh host-parasitoid system, consisting of the planthopper Prokelisia marginata and its egg parasitoid Anagrus delicatus, for evidence of stabilizing parasitoid behavior. We first determine if there is sufficient parasitoid aggregation to potentially stabilize the Prokelisia-Anagrus interaction, using methods that infer parasitoid behavior from the spatial pattern of parasitism. We then test a basic assumption implicit in theory, that the degree of parasitoid aggregation is invariant with respect to changes in overall host and parasitoid density, and through time. Our results suggest that Anagrus behavior should, in theory, exert a consistent stabilizing effect on Prokelisia-Anagrus dynamics. Using field experiments, and direct sampling of the spatial distribution of parasitoids, we then try to determine if parasitoid aggregation is in fact responsible for the heterogeneous pattern of parasitism observed in the field. The results of these studies indicate that there is insufficient parasitoid aggregation to account for this heterogeneity. Instead, factors such as the degree of tidal inundation, or the age of host eggs, may cause host patches to differ in their vulnerability to parasitoid attack. JF - Ecology AU - Reeve, J D AU - Cronin, J T AU - Strong AD - For. Insect Res., USDA For. Serv., P.O. Box 5500, 2500 Shreveport Highw., Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 288 EP - 295 VL - 75 IS - 2 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - host parasite interactions KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - parasitoids KW - Mymaridae KW - Delphacidae KW - Prokelisia marginata KW - spatial distribution KW - salt marshes KW - Anagrus delicatus KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16778409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Parasitoid+aggregation+and+the+stabilization+of+a+salt+marsh+host-parasitoid+system&rft.au=Reeve%2C+J+D%3BCronin%2C+J+T%3BStrong&rft.aulast=Reeve&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prokelisia marginata; Anagrus delicatus; Mymaridae; Hymenoptera; Delphacidae; Homoptera; parasitoids; spatial distribution; salt marshes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of the uptake hydrogenase-positive (Hup super(+)) bean rhizobia as Rhizobium tropici AN - 16777234; 3536158 AB - Phenotypic and genetic characterization indicated that Hup super(+) bean rhizobial strains are type IIA and type IIB Rhizobium tropici. The Hup super(+) strain USDA 2840, which did not cluster with either of the two types of R. tropici in a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, had electrophoretic patterns of PCR products generated with primers for repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus sequences similar to those of three reference strains of R. tropici type IIA. The Hup super(+) strain USDA 2738, which clustered with the reference strain of R. tropici IIB in a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, had electrophoretic patterns of PCR products generated with primers for repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus sequences more closely resembling those of the reference strains of R. tropici type IIA than those of type IIB. DNA amplification with the Y1 and Y2 primers to generate a portion of the 16S rDNA operon was useful to distinguish R. tropici type IIA strains from other bean rhizobial strains. The phylogenetic position of the type IIA strain of R. tropici USDA 2840, determined from the partial 16S rDNA sequence, indicated a more distant relationship with the type IIB strain of R. tropici CIAT899 than with the as yet unnamed rhizobial species of Leucaena leucocephala, TAL 1145. Therefore, we suggest that it may be appropriate either to separate R. tropici types IIA and IIB into two different species or to identify TAL 1145 to the species level as a third type of R. tropici. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Van Berkum, P AU - Navarro, R B AU - Vargas, AAT AD - Soybean Alfalfa Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, HH-19, Build., 011, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 554 EP - 561 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - hydrogenase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - symbiosis KW - Rhizobium tropici KW - classification KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - nitrogen fixation KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16777234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Classification+of+the+uptake+hydrogenase-positive+%28Hup+super%28%2B%29%29+bean+rhizobia+as+Rhizobium+tropici&rft.au=Van+Berkum%2C+P%3BNavarro%2C+R+B%3BVargas%2C+AAT&rft.aulast=Van+Berkum&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=554&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium tropici; Phaseolus vulgaris; symbiosis; nitrogen fixation; classification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative metabolism and elimination of acetanilide compounds by rat AN - 16771097; 3733761 AB - super(14)C-labelled propachlor, alachlor, butachlor, metolachlor, methoxypropachlor and some of their mercapturic acid pathway metabolites (MAP) were given to rat either by gavage or by perfusion into a renal artery. MAP metabolites were isolated from bile and urine. Rat gavaged with propachlor and methoxypropachlor eliminated super(14)C mostly in urine, whereas rat gavaged with alachlor, butachlor and metolachlor eliminated super(14)C about equally divided between urine and faeces. When bile ducts were cannulated, the gavaged rat eliminated most of the super(14)C in bile for all compounds. The amount of super(14)C in bile from the propachlor-gavaged rat was less than that for the other acetanilides, with the difference being in the urine. The mercapturic acid metabolites 2-methylsulphinyl N-(1-methylhydroxyethyl) N-phenylacetamide and 2-methylsulphinyl N-(1-methylmethoxyethyl) N-phenylacetamide were isolated from the urine and bile of the methoxypropachlor-gavaged rat. Bile was the major route for super(14)C elimination when MAP metabolites of alachlor, butachlor and metolachlor were perfused into a renal artery. Urine was the major route for super(14)C elimination when MAP metabolites of propachlor and methoxypropachlor were perfused. Mercapturic acid conjugates were major metabolites in bile and urine when MAP metabolites were perfused. We conclude that alkyl groups on the phenyl portion of the acetanilide causes biliary elimination to be favoured over urinary elimination. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Davison, K L AU - Larsen, G L AU - Feil, V J AD - USDA-ARS, Biosc. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5674, Univ. Stn. Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1003 EP - 1012 VL - 24 IS - 10 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - acetanilide KW - rats KW - propachlor KW - alachlor KW - butachlor KW - metolachlor KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolism KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16771097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Comparative+metabolism+and+elimination+of+acetanilide+compounds+by+rat&rft.au=Davison%2C+K+L%3BLarsen%2C+G+L%3BFeil%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Davison&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1003&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolism ER - TY - CONF T1 - Plant responses to atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment with emphasis on roots and the rhizosphere AN - 16763133; 3527181 AB - Empirical records provide incontestable evidence of global changes; foremost among these changes is the rising concentration of CO sub(2) in the earth's atmosphere. Plant growth is nearly always stimulated by elevation of CO sub(2). Photosynthesis increases, more plant biomass accumulates per unit of water consumed, and economic yield is enhanced. The profitable use of supplemental CO sub(2) over years of greenhouse practice points to the value of CO sub(2) for plant production. Plant responses to CO sub(2) are known to interact with other environmental factors, e.g. light, temperature, soil water, and humidity. Important stresses including drought, temperature salinity, and air pollution have been shown to be ameliorated when CO sub(2) levels are elevated. In the agricultural context, the growing season has been shortened for some crops with the application of more CO sub(2); less water use has generally, but not always, been observed and is under further study; experimental studies have shown that economic yield for most crops increases by about 33% for a doubling of ambient CO sub(2) concentration. However, there are some reports of negligible or negative effects. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Rogers, H H AU - Runion, G B AU - Krupa, S V Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 155 EP - 189 VL - 83 IS - 1-2 KW - carbon dioxide KW - air quality KW - rhizosphere KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - plants KW - vegetation KW - physiology KW - agriculture KW - atmosphere KW - climatic changes KW - growth KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16763133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Plant+responses+to+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment+with+emphasis+on+roots+and+the+rhizosphere&rft.au=Rogers%2C+H+H%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BKrupa%2C+S+V&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: Host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance AN - 16762996; 3528802 AB - An intensive population census of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) identified 15 species of suitable host plants (11 solanaceous, 4 cucurbitaceous), 6 of them new host records. Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill., Solanum nigrescens Mart. & Galeotti, Solanum sodomeum L., and Solanum torvum Sw. were the most heavily infested host plants in feral habitats. Under backyard and commercial cultivations, Capsicum annuum L., Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex Farw., and Solanum melongena L. were the most heavily infested (larval density and percentage infestation). B. latifrons appears to outcompete melon fly, oriental fruit fly, and Mediterranean fruit fly in C. annuum, Capsicum frutescens L., L. pimpinellifolium, Physalis peruviana L., S. melongena, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. sodomeum, and S. torvum. Extremely low (<1%) larval parasitization by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) was observed. Larval parasitization by Tetrastichus sp. was also observed. More than 250 cm average annual cumulative rainfall probably excluded B. latifrons populations from areas where suitable host plants were abundant. Over the study period, the relative abundance of B. latifrons populations decreased as the elevation increased. B. latifrons population density levels were consistently low, and there was no discernible pattern of population fluctuation over time (months of collection). Comprehensive lists of all recorded host plants (world review) and natural enemies of B. latifrons are presented. The ecological attributes of B. latifrons populations and their adaptive significance in colonizing and establishing in new geographic areas are discussed. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Liquido, N J AU - Harris, E J AU - Dekker, LA AD - Trop. Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Biocontrol, Biol., and Field Oper. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 71 EP - 84 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bactrocera latifrons KW - geographical distribution KW - host plants KW - Tephritidae KW - natural enemies KW - Diptera KW - abundance KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Ecology+of+Bactrocera+latifrons+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+populations%3A+Host+plants%2C+natural+enemies%2C+distribution%2C+and+abundance&rft.au=Liquido%2C+N+J%3BHarris%2C+E+J%3BDekker%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Liquido&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bactrocera latifrons; Tephritidae; Diptera; host plants; natural enemies; geographical distribution; abundance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature responses and potential range of the grass weed, serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) in the United States AN - 16762992; 3734313 AB - In controlled-environment chambers, serrated tussock achieved maximum growth in temperature regimes of 18/11, 18/23, 24/23, or 24/17 C day/night. Growth was significantly reduced at 30/11 C, and no plants survived at 36/29 C. Serrated tussock seedlings grew slowly at first but eventually produced vigorous tussocks with as many as 2800 tillers after 140 d in the 24/17 C regime. Comparisons of climatic conditions in New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States revealed that similar temperature conditions occur during the warmest eight mo of the year in areas as diverse as Oregon, Washington, the Sierran Nevada foothills of California, upper elevation rangelands in Arizona, and the southern Appalachian highlands. None of these areas has a precipitation pattern similar to those of the sites of serrated tussock weed infestation in the Southern Hemisphere. However, poorly managed pastures and unimproved rangelands in these diverse areas may be vulnerable to invasion by serrated tussock, should the weed become established in the United States. JF - Weed Technology AU - Patterson, D T AD - Plant Physiol., USDA-ARS, Dep. Bot., Duke Univ., Box 90340, Durham, NC 27708-0340, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 703 EP - 712 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Nassella trichotoma KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - invasiveness KW - weeds KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Temperature+responses+and+potential+range+of+the+grass+weed%2C+serrated+tussock+%28Nassella+trichotoma%29+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Patterson%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; weeds; invasiveness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil environment and temperature affect germination and seedling growth of mayweed chamomile (Anthemis cotula) AN - 16762925; 3734312 AB - Mayweed chamomile is an increasing weed problem in cropping systems of the Pacific Northwest. Modern farming practices that utilize conservation tillage systems and heavy application of nitrogen fertilizers have been associated with increased soil surface water potential and decreased soil pH. Therefore, soil water potential, soil pH, and temperature effects on germination and growth of mayweed chamomile were determined in controlled laboratory tests. Germination of mayweed chamomile in soil was greatest at 30 C and a soil water potential of -25 kPa. Germination and seedling growth were similar in soils with pH 4.7, 5.1, and 6.2. Total plant weight was greatest at 20 C and reduced at 10 and 30 C. Shoot dry weight, as a percent of total dry weight, ranged from a low of 54% at 10 C to 78% at 30 C. A soil moisture potential of -10 000 kPa reduced germination and total plant weight by as much as 95% and 80%, respectively. JF - Weed Technology AU - Gealy AU - Squier, SA AU - Ogg, AG Jr AD - Plant Physiol., USDA-ARS, 165 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 668 EP - 672 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Anthemis cotula KW - soil pH KW - weeds KW - seedlings KW - growth KW - germination KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16762925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Soil+environment+and+temperature+affect+germination+and+seedling+growth+of+mayweed+chamomile+%28Anthemis+cotula%29&rft.au=Gealy%3BSquier%2C+SA%3BOgg%2C+AG+Jr&rft.aulast=Gealy&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthemis cotula; germination; growth; soil pH; seedlings; weeds ER - TY - CONF T1 - Time series analyses of global change data AN - 16761508; 3527132 AB - The hypothesis that statistical analyses of historical time series data can be used to separate the influences of natural variations from anthropogenic sources on global climate change is tested. Point, regional, national, and global temperature data are analyzed. Trend analyses for the period 1901-1987 suggest mean annual temperatures increased (in degree C per century) globally at the rate of about 0.5, in the USA at about 0.3, in the south-western USA desert region at about 1.2, and at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in south-eastern Arizona at about 0.8. However, the rates of temperature change are not constant but vary within the 87-year period. Serial correlation and spectral density analysis of the temperature time series showed weak periodicities at various frequencies. The only common periodicity among the temperature series is an apparent cycle of about 43 years. The temperature time series were correlated with the Wolf sunspot index, atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations interpolated from the Siple ice core data, and atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration data from Mauna Loa measurements. Given the inconclusive correlation between temperature and solar activity, the significant intercorrelation between time, temperature, and atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations, and the suggestion of weak periodicity in the temperature data, additional research is needed to separate the anthropogenic component from the natural variability in temperature when assessing local, regional, and global warming trends. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Lane, L J AU - Nichols, M H AU - Osborn, H B Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 63 EP - 68 VL - 83 IS - 1-2 KW - temperature KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - climatic changes KW - historical account KW - global warming KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04500:Atmosphere UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16761508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Time+series+analyses+of+global+change+data&rft.au=Lane%2C+L+J%3BNichols%2C+M+H%3BOsborn%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seedling resistance in Hordeum to barley stripe rust from Texas AN - 16759931; 3725683 AB - Stripe rust of barley was recently found in Texas, and the pathogen has been reported to be virulent to U.S. barley cultivars. The stripe rust isolate collected in Texas was used to evaluate the resistance of barley cultivars, germ plasm, and other Hordeum species. Limited sources of resistance were found; most were from two of the five primary barley-growing areas. The resistance traces to Czechoslovakia and Ethiopia land cultivars and to the cultivar Derr Winter of unknown origin. The U.S. cultivars with seedling resistance were Barsoy, Betzes, Boxer, Clayton, Compana, Custer, Hazen, Hudson, Kamiak, Kenate, Keowee, Maury, Norbert, and Vanguard. These cultivars represent a range of types that could be a starting point in breeding for resistance. No resistance was found in the economically valuable six-row spring malting type of the north central states. The two most common wild barleys of the Great Plains, H. jubatum and H. pusillum, were both susceptible to the stripe rust culture used; neither is likely to be a host during the non-crop-growing season. JF - Plant Disease AU - Roelfs, A P AU - Huerta-Espino, J AD - USDA-ARS, Cereal Rust Lab., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1046 EP - 1049 VL - 78 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - Puccinia striiformis KW - Hordeum KW - stripe rust KW - USA, Texas KW - rust KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16759931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Seedling+resistance+in+Hordeum+to+barley+stripe+rust+from+Texas&rft.au=Roelfs%2C+A+P%3BHuerta-Espino%2C+J&rft.aulast=Roelfs&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1046&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hordeum; Puccinia striiformis; USA, Texas; disease resistance; stripe rust; rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symbiotic competence and genetic diversity of Rhizobium strains used as inoculants for alfalfa and berseem clover AN - 16759818; 3730008 AB - To provide the necessary information for strain improvement and the development of competitive strains, characterization of some agronomically important inoculant Rhizobium strains specific for either alfalfa or berseem clover is an ongoing project in this laboratory. Plasmid DNA content and identification of symbiosis-controlling plasmids were previously determined. In this study, to determine their symbiotic competence and their apparent genetic diversity, plant tests and RFLP analysis of total DNAs were conducted. Symbiotic effectiveness varied significantly among the R. meliloti strains but not among the berseem clover symbionts. Only one strain, R. meliloti ARC 104, was symbiotically ineffective. RFLP analysis using a ribosomal RNA operon probe, with three different enzyme digests, produced four related groups which correlated with plasmid profiles. The use of a nifHD gene probe produced similar results which clustered the berseem clover microsymbionts but more clearly separated two distinct groups of R. meliloti. A cosmid clone, from a R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii T24 gene library, distinguished each strain. This new information will be useful in identifying and producing improved recombinant strains by plasmid transfer. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Kuykendall, L D AU - Abdel-Wahab, S M AU - Hashem, F M AU - van-Berkum, P AD - USDA/ARS, Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 477 EP - 482 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - symbiosis KW - Rhizobium KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - DNA KW - probes KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02725:DNA KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16759818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Symbiotic+competence+and+genetic+diversity+of+Rhizobium+strains+used+as+inoculants+for+alfalfa+and+berseem+clover&rft.au=Kuykendall%2C+L+D%3BAbdel-Wahab%2C+S+M%3BHashem%2C+F+M%3Bvan-Berkum%2C+P&rft.aulast=Kuykendall&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - symbiosis; restriction fragment length polymorphism; DNA; probes; Rhizobium ER - TY - CONF T1 - A coupled carbon-water-energy-vegetation model to assess responses of temperate forest ecosystems to changes in climate and atmospheric CO sub(2). Part I. Model concept AN - 16757990; 3527207 AB - Predictions of forest ecosystem response to changes in climate and atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration require hierarchically structured process models. Present forest simulation models have conceptual limitations that restrict their application to climate-change studies. A major drawback of forest succession models is that they often lack physiological details in the simulation of annual tree growth. On the other hand, aggregated ecosystem models assume spatially homogeneous forests, and do not account for successional changes in forest composition and canopy structure. The concept of a new coupled carbon-water-energy-forest vegetation model is presented which attempts to overcome the main limitations of existing models by implementing a modern view of ecological hierarchy and a robust approach for scaling ecological processes in space and time. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Nikolov, N T AU - Fox, D G Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 251 EP - 262 VL - 83 IS - 1-2 KW - carbon dioxide KW - models KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - ecosystems KW - vegetation KW - simulation KW - physiology KW - forests KW - atmosphere KW - mathematical models KW - climatic changes KW - trees KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16757990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=A+coupled+carbon-water-energy-vegetation+model+to+assess+responses+of+temperate+forest+ecosystems+to+changes+in+climate+and+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29.+Part+I.+Model+concept&rft.au=Nikolov%2C+N+T%3BFox%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Nikolov&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a 14 kDa component with low expression in a unique Nod super(+) Fix super(-) Bradyrhizobium japonicum AN - 16757926; 3725594 AB - A pronase-sensitive, 14 kDa component of bacteroids of Bradyrhizobium japonicum I-110ARS was identified and characterized using monoclonal antibodies. This component was weakly synthesized or was missing in bacteroids of a unique Nod super(+) Fix super(-) mutant, ARS2525. Both the 14 kDa component and poly- beta -hydroxybutyrate (PHB) were located in the same protein peak after sucrose density gradient separation of lysed bacteroids. Thirty-five-day-old bacteroids of B. japonicum I-110ARS contained up to 10 times more PHB than B. japonicum ARS2525 bacteroids. Immunocytochemistry of ultra-thin nodule sections showed that the component was associated with PHB granules in the bacteroids, possibly with the limiting membrane around the granules. This observation implies that the component may be similar to other storage lipid body proteins. Whether low synthesis of the 14 kDa component or low PHB content was a cause, a consequence or related to the Fix super(-) phenotype was not established. JF - Microbiology AU - Sikora, L J AU - Kuykendall, L D AU - Dwivedi, R S AU - Herman, E M AU - Enkiri, N K AD - Soybean Alfalfa Res. Lab., PSI, USDA-ARS, Build. 318, BARC-EAST, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2761 EP - 2767 VL - 140 IS - 10 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - poly- beta -hydroxybutyrate KW - Nod super(+) gene KW - Fix super(-) gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16757926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+14+kDa+component+with+low+expression+in+a+unique+Nod+super%28%2B%29+Fix+super%28-%29+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum&rft.au=Sikora%2C+L+J%3BKuykendall%2C+L+D%3BDwivedi%2C+R+S%3BHerman%2C+E+M%3BEnkiri%2C+N+K&rft.aulast=Sikora&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2761&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bradyrhizobium japonicum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of soil properties on degradation and sorption of methyl bromide in soil AN - 16757390; 3727895 AB - Methyl bromide (CH sub(3)Br) is currently the most widely used soil fumigant, and its emission into the atmosphere after application reportedly contributes to ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Irreversible degradation and partially reversible sorption reactions affect the quantity of this fumigant reaching the soil surface and escaping into the atmosphere. Incubation studies in closed headspace vials under controlled conditions showed that degradation of CH sub(3)Br was highly dependent on soil organic matter content, and to a lesser extent, on the moisture level in the soil. Methylation of CH sub(3)Br on organic matter was suggested to be the major reaction that CH sub(3)Br undergoes in the soil environment. Other soil constituents such as clay did not contribute to the degradation under moist or air-dried conditions, though enhanced degradation was observed on oven-dried montmorillonite and kaolinite clays. Within soil profiles, degradation of CH sub(3)Br decreased with soil depth mainly due to the reduction of soil organic matter content with depth. In both Greenfield and Wasco sandy loams, the degradation rate of CH sub(3)Br in soil layers from 0 to 270 cm could be estimated from soil organic matter content. Sorption of CH sub(3)Br on moist soils was generally limited, and varied with soil depth. The degree of sorption could be predicted from soil moisture alone or soil moisture and organic matter content. JF - Chemosphere AU - Gan, J AU - Yates AU - Anderson, MA AU - Spencer, W F AU - Ernst, F F AU - Yates, M V AD - Pestic. and Water Qual. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-USSL, Riverside, CA 92521, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2685 EP - 2700 VL - 29 IS - 12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - methyl bromide KW - soils KW - fumigation KW - soil properties KW - soil treatment KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - sorption KW - physicochemical properties KW - organic matter KW - air pollution KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16757390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Effect+of+soil+properties+on+degradation+and+sorption+of+methyl+bromide+in+soil&rft.au=Gan%2C+J%3BYates%3BAnderson%2C+MA%3BSpencer%2C+W+F%3BErnst%2C+F+F%3BYates%2C+M+V&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sorption; physicochemical properties; organic matter; biodegradation; soil properties; soil treatment; air pollution; fumigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canal-control needs: Example AN - 16755541; 3725725 AB - The operation of a new irrigation canal system in central Arizona is described. Water is relatively expensive, and thus farmers pressure the irrigation district to improve delivery service and keep water losses to a minimum. The system was designed and constructed to function with supervisory (remote-manual) control, with the potential for automatic (remote-computer) control. Experiences with hardware and software difficulties are described. While water control and delivery service are currently very good, further improvements through automation are possible. Real-world operating conditions are described that are somewhat different from the assumptions made for the development of canal-control algorithms. Field data collection and canal-flow computer simulation were used to develop a test case for developers of automatic control algorithms. A set of canal-control performance measures is suggested. For the conditions studied, upstream manual control performed better than a simple local downstream controller. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Ciemmens, A J AU - Sloan, G AU - Schuurmans, J AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., 4331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1067 EP - 1086 VL - 120 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - operating systems KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - computers KW - canals KW - water loss KW - automation KW - water districts KW - water control KW - water costs KW - irrigation water KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16755541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Canal-control+needs%3A+Example&rft.au=Ciemmens%2C+A+J%3BSloan%2C+G%3BSchuurmans%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ciemmens&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1067&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - canals; irrigation water; water districts; water loss; water costs; water control; automation; computers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of an amino acid on VP2 that affects neutralization of bluetongue virus serotype 10 AN - 16754247; 3727243 AB - Genome segment 2, coding for the VP2 protein, of a neutralization resistant variant was compared to segment 2 of the bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 10 parent from which the variant was derived. Full-length double-stranded cDNA of BTV segment 2 RNA, which was prepared by reverse transcription, was used as template to prepare overlapping subgenomic cDNA products by PCR. Purified PCR cDNA fragments were sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination reaction. Each base was determined an average of 3.7 times. Comparison of the sequence of segment 2 of the neutralization resistant variant with segment 2 of the parental virus showed two base changes, one of which resulted in a changed amino acid. This change was in a different region of VP2 than those previously reported in other neutralization resistant variants of BTV. In addition to this change, both the parental virus and the variant virus differed in two amino acids from the previously published sequence of VP2 of BTV serotype 10. JF - Virus Research AU - Jewell, JE AU - Mecham, JO AD - USDA-ARS, Arthropod-borne Anim. Dis. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 3965, Univ. Stn., Laramie, WY 82071, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 139 EP - 144 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1702, 0168-1702 KW - VP2 protein KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - antigenic determinants KW - neutralization KW - cDNA KW - amino acid sequence KW - mutation KW - bluetongue virus KW - V 22032:Viral proteins KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16754247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virus+Research&rft.atitle=Identification+of+an+amino+acid+on+VP2+that+affects+neutralization+of+bluetongue+virus+serotype+10&rft.au=Jewell%2C+JE%3BMecham%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Jewell&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virus+Research&rft.issn=01681702&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; antigenic determinants; neutralization; cDNA; amino acid sequence; mutation; bluetongue virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protein variation accompanies leaf dedifferentiation in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and is influenced by genotype AN - 16752235; 3725140 AB - Tissue culture lines (morphogenic and nonmorphogenic) were established in five genotypes of Saccharum officinarum L. Changes in protein expression after dedifferentiation of leaf tissue into callus were investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cellular proteins. The findings demonstrated that protein expression was regulated both quantitatively and qualitatively in all five genotypes of sugarcane. Sixty-three dedifferentiation-proteins were identified, of which thirty-three were common to all genotypes. The expression of the remainder was dependent on the genotype, suggesting that the genotype within the same sugarcane species plays an important role in dedifferentiation. Three of the dedifferentiation-proteins were specific to morphogenic callus lines and one to nonmorphogenic callus lines. These proteins can be useful in characterizing the biochemical, molecular, and genetic properties of cultured cells in sugarcane, and in understanding the influence of genotype in the induction of dedifferentiation-proteins and their role in morphogenesis. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Ramagopal, S AD - USDA/ARS, Plant Mol. Biol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 692 EP - 696 VL - 13 IS - 12 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - protein synthesis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Saccharum officinarum KW - differentiation KW - leaves KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16752235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Protein+variation+accompanies+leaf+dedifferentiation+in+sugarcane+%28Saccharum+officinarum%29+and+is+influenced+by+genotype&rft.au=Ramagopal%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ramagopal&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=692&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - differentiation; leaves; Saccharum officinarum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for adults of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) AN - 16752056; 3727552 AB - Conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were evaluated for activity against adults of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, under laboratory conditions. The LC sub(50) values 7 days after exposure to M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were 0.7 and 0.026 mg of conidia/100 adults, respectively at 22-24 degree C. A sharp increase in on mortality was observed 3 and 4 days after treatment with either 10 mg of B. bassiana/100 adults or 10 109 mg of M. anisopliae/100 adults, respectively. The LT sub(50) values at 10 mg/100 beetles for M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were 4.2 and 3.1 days, respectively. Onset of mortality was further delayed at lower dosages of both fungi. Mortality of adults that were exposed to beetles treated with 10 mg of conidia of M. anisopliae/100 adults immediately following application of conidia or 24 hrs posttreatment was an average of 60 and 43% cumulative mortality, respectively, within 9 days of exposure. Similar exposures of healthy adults to beetles that had been treated with 10 mg of B. bassiana conidia/100 adults resulted in an average of 79 and 43% cumulative mortality, respectively. Beetles killed either by M. anisopliae or B. bassiana and subsequently placed on damp soil manifested signs of patent infection with the fungi, with subsequent production of conidia. The infectivity of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana for adult Japanese beetles and the delay in mortality following treatment provide potential for dispersal of these entomopathogens within populations of P. japonica. JF - European Journal of Entomology AU - Lacey, LA AU - Martins, A AU - Ribeiro, C AD - European Biol. Control Lab., USDA/ARS, B.P. 4168 - Agropolis, 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 313 EP - 319 VL - 91 IS - 3 SN - 1210-5759, 1210-5759 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Coleoptera KW - Popillia japonica KW - Scarabaeidae KW - pathogenicity KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - Metarhizium anisopliae KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16752056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=The+pathogenicity+of+Metarhizium+anisopliae+and+Beauveria+bassiana+for+adults+of+the+Japanese+beetle%2C+Popillia+japonica+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scarabaeidae%29&rft.au=Lacey%2C+LA%3BMartins%2C+A%3BRibeiro%2C+C&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Entomology&rft.issn=12105759&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenicity; entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana; Coleoptera; Popillia japonica; Scarabaeidae; Metarhizium anisopliae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of 1985 Food Security Act and 1990 Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act on the 1993 flooding on the upper Mississippi and Missouri River basins AN - 16751047; 3727724 AB - Flooding was unusually sever throughout the Upper Midwest during the spring and summer of 1993. These floods resulted in locally great economic damages, but provided an ideal "field laboratory" for evaluation of national erosion control programs. This article documents the amount of runoff reduction and corresponding flood damage reduction resulting from the Food Security Act (FSA) and the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act (FACTA) to agricultural areas and rural infrastructure. Specifically, the impact on runoff and flooding of single storms with 1-, 5; 25-, and 100-year frequency probabilities was calculated using existing, commonly accepted methods of determining runoff. This procedure was applied to nine midwestern states (Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin) on a county basis. Conservation practices studied were those applied through FSA and FACTA. Results indicate the FSA and FACTA total programs were consistently more successful in reducing runoff than was the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) alone. Runoff reductions range from a high of 39 per cent for the one-year storm, to a low of 2 per cent for the 100-year storm for the FSA and FACTA programs. Runoff reductions for the CRP range from 20 per cent for the one-year storm to 3 per cent for the 100-year storm. Additionally, FSA and FACTA programs were shown to be highly successful in reducing flood damage to agricultural areas and rural infrastructure. Damage reduction to agricultural areas ranges from 10 per cent to 45 per cent for the FSA and FACTA programs. For CRP, this reduction ranges from 4 per cent to 25 per cent. Rural infrastructure damages are estimated to be reduced from 15 per cent to 56 per cent with the total program, and 7 to 34 per cent by CRP alone. These conservation programs are effectively reducing runoff and flood damages. JF - Water International AU - Miller, D G AU - Shirley, CE AU - Chenoweth, J W AD - USDA, Soil Conserv. Serv., Federal Build., 201 Walnut St., Suite 693, Des Moines, IA 50309-2180, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 207 EP - 211 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0250-8060, 0250-8060 KW - environmental legislation KW - flood damage KW - government policy KW - historic floods KW - stormwater runoff KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - flooding KW - USA, Midwest KW - Freshwater KW - environmental protection KW - evaluation KW - conservation KW - floods KW - soil conservation KW - soil erosion KW - legislation KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q2 09123:Conservation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16751047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+International&rft.atitle=Effects+of+1985+Food+Security+Act+and+1990+Food%2C+Agriculture%2C+Conservation%2C+and+Trade+Act+on+the+1993+flooding+on+the+upper+Mississippi+and+Missouri+River+basins&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+G%3BShirley%2C+CE%3BChenoweth%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+International&rft.issn=02508060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flooding; conservation; erosion control; runoff; floods; legislation; soil conservation; soil erosion; environmental protection; environmental legislation; stormwater runoff; evaluation; historic floods; flood damage; USA, Midwest; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Steam surface pasteurization of beef frankfurters AN - 16750598; 3725314 AB - Meat and poultry products are sources of foodborne bacterial contamination. We used flash steam heating followed by evaporative cooling to quickly reduce bacterial contamination on the surface of beef frankfurters without degrading appearance. The rate of heat transfer was studied by measuring surface temperature in a pressure chamber during steam heating. Quality changes were determined by measuring color and weight as functions of steam temperature and treatment time. Efficacy of the process was verified by microbiological experiments using L. innocua. Treatment times of 30-40 sec at 115-136 degree C gave a 4 log reduction in bacterial counts on the surface without severely affecting color or weight. After long-term storage at 6 degree C and at 19 degree C, levels of bacteria on inoculated frankfurters remained reduced and there was no difference between treated and untreated products in color or weight. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Cygnarowicz-Provost, M AU - Whiting, R C AU - Craig, JC Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 5 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - foods KW - bacterial contamination KW - steam heat treatment KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - poultry KW - beef KW - Listeria innocua KW - pasteurization KW - storage KW - J 02803:Antiseptics and disinfectants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16750598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Steam+surface+pasteurization+of+beef+frankfurters&rft.au=Cygnarowicz-Provost%2C+M%3BWhiting%2C+R+C%3BCraig%2C+JC+Jr&rft.aulast=Cygnarowicz-Provost&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria innocua; pasteurization; beef; poultry; storage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of channel incision on base flow stream habitats and fishes AN - 16749857; 3726638 AB - Channel incision is a widespread phenomenon that results in stream and riparian habitat degradation. Fishes and physical habitat variables were sampled at base flow from three incised stream channels and one reference stream in northwest Mississippi, USA, to quantify incision effects on fish habitat and provide a basis for habitat rehabilitation planning and design. Incised channels were sampled in spring and autumn; the reference channel was sampled only in the autumn. Incised channel habitat quality was inferior to the reference channel despite the presence of structures designed to restore channel stability. Incised channels had physical habitat diversity levels similar to a nonincised reference channel, but contained fewer types of habitat. At base flow, incised channels were dominated by shallow, sandy habitats, moderate to high mean local Froude numbers, and had relatively little organic debris in their beds. In contrast, the reference stream had greater mean water depth, contained more woody debris, and provided more deep pool habitat. Fish assemblages in incised channels were composed of smaller fishes representing fewer species relative to the reference site. Fish species richness was directly proportional to the mean local Froude number, an indicator of the availability of pool habitat. JF - Environmental Management AU - Shields, FD Jr AU - Knight, S S AU - Cooper, C M AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Sediment. Lab., P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 43 EP - 57 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pisces KW - base flow KW - channeling KW - debris KW - fish KW - freshwater fish KW - habitat KW - habitats KW - population characteristics KW - riparian environments KW - stream flow rate KW - streamflow KW - streams KW - water depth KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - erosion KW - Freshwater KW - species diversity KW - hydrology KW - population density KW - sedimentation KW - channels KW - rivers KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16749857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+channel+incision+on+base+flow+stream+habitats+and+fishes&rft.au=Shields%2C+FD+Jr%3BKnight%2C+S+S%3BCooper%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=FD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; population density; erosion; fish; sedimentation; channels; rivers; riparian environments; habitat; freshwater fish; water depth; stream flow rate; population characteristics; species diversity; streams; habitats; base flow; channeling; streamflow; Pisces; USA, Mississippi; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and evaluation of aquatic conservation strategies AN - 16748450; 3726640 AB - All Options Considered in the FEMAT report, with the exception of Option 7, used one of three variants of an aquatic conservation strategy first described in Thomas et al. (1993). The conservation strategy was designed to provide a scientific basis for protecting aquatic ecosystems and enable planning for sustainable resource management. It sought to restore and maintain the ecological health of watersheds (Karr et al. 1986, Karr 1991, Naiman et al. 1992) throughout the region by retaining, restoring, and protecting those processes and landforms that contribute habitat elements to streams and promote good habitat conditions for fish and other aquatic and riparian-dependent organisms. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Sedell, J R AU - Reeves, G H AU - Burnett, K M AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 28 EP - 31 VL - 92 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - aquatic habitats KW - ecosystem management KW - fishery management KW - fishery protection KW - nature conservation KW - resources management KW - streams KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - ecosystems KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - water conservation KW - land use KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08601:General KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16748450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Development+and+evaluation+of+aquatic+conservation+strategies&rft.au=Sedell%2C+J+R%3BReeves%2C+G+H%3BBurnett%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Sedell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nature conservation; water conservation; ecosystem management; fishery protection; watersheds; fishery management; ecosystems; land use; aquatic habitats; resources management; streams; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling of snow melting and uniform wetting front migration in a layered subfreezing snowpack AN - 16741134; 3720048 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Tseng, Peng-Hsiang AU - Illangasekare, TH AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., ARS-USDA, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2363 EP - 2376 VL - 30 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - model studies KW - porous media KW - snow cover KW - snowmelt KW - heat flow KW - boundaries KW - freeze-thaw tests KW - wetting KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16741134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+snow+melting+and+uniform+wetting+front+migration+in+a+layered+subfreezing+snowpack&rft.au=Tseng%2C+Peng-Hsiang%3BIllangasekare%2C+TH&rft.aulast=Tseng&rft.aufirst=Peng-Hsiang&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; snow cover; snowmelt; freeze-thaw tests; porous media; boundaries; heat flow; wetting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-thermal inactivation models for Listeria monocytogenes AN - 16738919; 3720155 AB - The effects of temperature, lactic acid (or pH), sodium chloride, and sodium nitrite on the non-thermal inactivation of a three strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes were examined in brain heart infusion broth. A total of 249 survivor curves representing 157 combinations of the four variables were generated. The survivor curves were described mathematically by fitting data using linear and nonlinear primary models. Supplemental studies demonstrated that (1) preculturing the microorganism in an acidic environment or in media containing glucose increased acid tolerance, (2) survivor curve tailing was not due to the presence of a more resistant subpopulation, and (3) the rate of nonthermal inactivation was independent of initial population density. Response surface models were developed for predicting the effects and interactions of the four independent variables on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes under adverse environmental conditions. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Golden, M H AU - Whiting, R C AU - Phillips, J G AU - Smith, J L AD - Microb. Food Safety Res. Unit, USDA-ARS Eastern Regional Res. Cent., 600 East Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 179 EP - 188 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - non-thermal inactivation KW - microbes KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - mathematical models KW - antimicrobial agents KW - J 02803:Antiseptics and disinfectants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16738919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Non-thermal+inactivation+models+for+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BGolden%2C+M+H%3BWhiting%2C+R+C%3BPhillips%2C+J+G%3BSmith%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; mathematical models; antimicrobial agents ER - TY - CONF T1 - Toxicity and role of fumonisins in animal diseases and human esophageal cancer AN - 16737984; 3716762 AB - Fumonisins are secondary metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium proliferatum and several other Fusaria that commonly contaminate corn. Only recently discovered in 1988, these mycotoxins appear to be the causative agents of several toxicoses in animals that result from ingestion of moldy corn or corn-based feeds. The syndromes observed vary considerably among the different species affected and include brain lesions in equids, lung edema in swine, and nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and hepatocellular carcinoma in laboratory rats. There is also evidence that suggests that F. moniliforme and fumonisins may also be responsible for esophageal cancer in humans in certain areas of the world where moldy corn is frequently consumed. Studies are currently underway to determine the extent of the hazards posed by fumonisins, and whether controls in the form of regulatory action levels may be necessary. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Norred, W P AU - Voss, KA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 522 EP - 527 VL - 57 IS - 6 KW - fumonisins KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - esophagus KW - Fusarium KW - man KW - cancer KW - mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16737984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+role+of+fumonisins+in+animal+diseases+and+human+esophageal+cancer&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P%3BVoss%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic relationships and variation among ecotypes of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers AN - 16737697; 3722056 AB - Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic relationships and variation among ecotypes of the turfgrass seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz). Vegetative tissues or seeds of 46 seashore paspalum ecotypes were obtained from various locations in the United States, Argentina, and South Africa. Leaf DNA extracts were screened for RAPD markers using 34 10-mer random primers. A total of 195 reproducible RAPD fragments were observed, with an average of six fragments per primer. One hundred and sixty-nine fragments (87% of the total observed) were polymorphic, among which 27 fragments (16%) were present in three of less ecotypes, indicating the occurrence of a high level of genetic variation among the examined accessions of this species. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) and principal coordinates analysis were performed on the RAPD data set. The results illustrate genetic relationships among the 46 ecotypes, and between ecotypes and their geographical origins. Ecotypes from southern Africa could be differentiated from the U.S. and most of the Argentinean ecotypes. With a few exceptions, ecotypes collected from Argentina, Hawaii, Florida, and Texas were separated into distinct clusters. JF - Genome AU - Liu, Zhao-Wei AU - Jarret, R L AU - Duncan, R R AU - Kresovich, S AD - USDA-ARS, Genet. Resour. Unit, Georgia Exper. Stn., Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1011 EP - 1017 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0831-2796, 0831-2796 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - gene mapping KW - phenotypes KW - Paspalum vaginatum KW - ecological genetics KW - genetic variance KW - ecotypes KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16737697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome&rft.atitle=Genetic+relationships+and+variation+among+ecotypes+of+seashore+paspalum+%28Paspalum+vaginatum%29+determined+by+random+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+markers&rft.au=Liu%2C+Zhao-Wei%3BJarret%2C+R+L%3BDuncan%2C+R+R%3BKresovich%2C+S&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Zhao-Wei&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genome&rft.issn=08312796&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paspalum vaginatum; random amplified polymorphic DNA; genetic variance; gene mapping; phenotypes; ecotypes; ecological genetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential band wear for male and female laughing gulls AN - 16736494; 3718137 AB - Mass loss and wear of sizes 4A and 5 bands on male and female Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla) collected at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York in 1991-1993 were analyzed. For band size 4A, there were significant differences in band mass between sexes for ages 2-6 yr. Bands on females lost a mean of 51 mg of mass per year (7.6% of original mass), greater than the 46 mg (6.8%) per year for bands on males. At age 6, size 4A bands on females averaged 2.43 numerals (of eight) showing edge wear compared to 0.68 numerals for males. In contrast to the findings for band size 4A on gulls 2-6 yr old, no significant differences in band mass or numeral wear were noted between sexes for band size 5 on gulls 7-8 yr old. The rate of mass loss for size 5 bands for years 6-8 (49 mg per year) is intermediate to that for size 4A bands on males and females for years 2-6. At age 8, size 5 bands averaged 45.0% of their original mass. The significantly smaller diameters of female tarsi compared to males probably allowed size 4A bands to move and abrade more freely, causing the difference in band wear between Laughing Gull sexes. That no differences in wear were detected between sexes in size 5 bands might be related to these larger diameter bands allowing for equal movement on the tarsi of males and females. Extensive band loss for Laughing Gulls banded as chicks should begin at about age 9 or 10. Females wearing size 4A bands should begin losing bands 1 or 2 yr earlier than males. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Dolbeer, R A AU - Belant, J L AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., 6100 Columbus Ave., Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 543 EP - 550 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - band longevity KW - bands KW - capture-recapture studies KW - sex differences KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - tags KW - males KW - Freshwater KW - females KW - USA, New York KW - Larus atricilla KW - longevity KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Q1 08361:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16736494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Differential+band+wear+for+male+and+female+laughing+gulls&rft.au=Dolbeer%2C+R+A%3BBelant%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Dolbeer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tags; males; females; longevity; bands; sex differences; capture-recapture studies; Larus atricilla; USA, New York; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mechanism of fumonisin toxicity and carcinogenesis AN - 16736472; 3716761 AB - What are the molecular events that fumonisin-induced porcine pulmonary edema syndrome and equine leucoencephalomalacia have in common? Do these animal diseases relate mechanistically to fumonisin toxicity in laboratory rats? There is considerable data indicating that disruption of sphingolipid metabolism plays an important early role in all of these diseases. In vitro studies have revealed that fumonisins and structurally related Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici-toxin (AAL-toxin) are potent inhibitors of the enzyme sphinganine (sphingosine) N-acyl transferase (ceramide synthase). Soon after cultured cells or animals are exposed to fumonisins there is a dramatic increase in the free sphingoid base, sphinganine, in tissues, serum and/or urine. Also, free sphingosine concentration increases, complex sphingolipid concentration decreases, and sphingoid base degradation products and other lipid products also increase. It is hypothesized that disruption of sphingolipid metabolism is an early molecular event in the onset and progression of cell injury and the diseases associated with consumption of fumonisins. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the diseases will not be easily revealed since the role of sphingolipids in cellular regulation is very complex and not yet fully understood. While fumonisin B sub(1) is non-genotoxic it is a complete carcinogen in rat liver. Recent studies indicate that fumonisins inhibit hepatocyte proliferation in rat liver. It has been hypothesized that hepatotoxicity and effects on hepatocyte proliferation are critical determinants for fumonisin B sub(1) cancer initiation and promotion. Alternatively, recent studies have found that fumonisin B sub(1) has mitogenic activity in cultured fibroblasts. It is conceivable that the mitogenic, cytostatic and cytotoxic potential of fumonisin may all contribute to the animal diseases including liver cancer in rats. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Riley, R T AU - Voss, KA AU - Yool, Hwan-Soo AU - Gelderblom, WCA AU - Merrill, AH Jr Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 528 EP - 535 VL - 57 IS - 6 KW - fumonisins KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium KW - carcinogenesis KW - Zea mays KW - man KW - mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16736472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+fumonisin+toxicity+and+carcinogenesis&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BVoss%2C+KA%3BYool%2C+Hwan-Soo%3BGelderblom%2C+WCA%3BMerrill%2C+AH+Jr&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of four aphid prey species on development, survival, and adult size of Cycloneda ancoralis AN - 16736329; 3716818 AB - The effects of aphid prey species on immature development and survival of Cycloneda ancoralis (Germar) were studied. Cycloneda ancoralis larvae fed Aphis gossypii Glover and Aphis helianthi (Monell) had longer developmental times than those fed Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) or Lypaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach). Development times did not differ significantly between sexes. Percent survival from egg hatch to adult eclosion did not differ significantly among larvae fed different aphids. The weight of newly eclosed adults differed significantly among C. ancoralis fed different aphids and also differed between sexes; females weighed more than males. Individuals fed A. gossypii weighed least, while those fed L. erysimi weighed most. The total number of aphids eaten by C. ancoralis larvae differed significantly among individuals fed different aphid species. Larvae fed A. gossypii consumed more aphids than larvae fed other aphid species. Larvae fed D. noxia consumed the fewest aphids. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Elliott, N C AU - French, B W AU - Michels, GJ Jr AU - Reed, D K AD - USDA-ARS, SPA, Plant Sci. Res. Lab., 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 57 EP - 62 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Cycloneda ancoralis KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Coleoptera KW - Aphididae KW - body size KW - Coccinellidae KW - survival KW - Homoptera KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16736329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Influence+of+four+aphid+prey+species+on+development%2C+survival%2C+and+adult+size+of+Cycloneda+ancoralis&rft.au=Elliott%2C+N+C%3BFrench%2C+B+W%3BMichels%2C+GJ+Jr%3BReed%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Homoptera; Aphididae; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae; development; survival; body size ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aphid host effects on the biology of Diaeretiella rapae AN - 16736171; 3716821 AB - Mated female Diaeretiella rapae M'Intosh, maintained in the laboratory on Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), feeding on Brassica oleracea L. for 12 generations parasitized 8 of 14 aphid species to which they were exposed for 24 h on caged host plants. Diaeretiella rapae parasitized four small grain (barley) feeding, two crucifer feeding, one cotton feeding, and one sunflower feeding aphid species. The total time required for immature development, the proportion of aphids parasitized, and the dry weight of newly eclosed adults differed significantly among host species. A greater percentage of B. brassicae than of other species were parasitized (94%), and the dry weight of adults eclosing from B. brassicae was greater than for other species. Results are discussed in terms of the potential utility of habitat diversification for improving biological control of small grain aphid pests in the Southern Great Plains. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Elliott, N C AU - Reed, D K AU - French, B W AU - Kindler, S D AD - USDA-ARS, SPA, Plant Sci. Res. Lab., 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 279 EP - 284 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Diaeretiella rapae KW - Aphididae KW - Brevicoryne brassicae KW - Aphidiidae KW - habitat KW - host-parasite interactions KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16736171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Aphid+host+effects+on+the+biology+of+Diaeretiella+rapae&rft.au=Elliott%2C+N+C%3BReed%2C+D+K%3BFrench%2C+B+W%3BKindler%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphididae; Diaeretiella rapae; Brevicoryne brassicae; Hymenoptera; Aphidiidae; Homoptera; host-parasite interactions; habitat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxic effects of fumonisin B sub(1) on maize seedling growth AN - 16735251; 3719571 AB - Fumonisin B sub(1) toxin is produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, which is systemic to maize (Zea mays L.) and maize seeds. The effects of zero to 100 parts per million fumonisin B sub(1) on the germination process of maize seeds was determined. The presence of fumonisin had no effect on percent seed germination, but fumonisin inhibited radicle elongation by up to 75% after 48 hours of imbibition. An analysis of amylase secretion in the maize endosperm indicated that fumonisins inhibited amylase production in the germinating seed. Isoelectric focusing of endosperm extracts indicated that secretion of the low pI class of amylases was affected more that other amylase isozymes. The results suggested that the presence of high levels of fumonisin in maize seed may have deleterious effects on seedling emergence. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Doehlert, D C AU - Knutson, CA AU - Vesonder, R F AD - USDA/ARS Wheat Qual. Lab., Harris Hall, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 117 EP - 121 VL - 127 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - fumonisin B1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Zea mays KW - seed germination KW - phytotoxins KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16735251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Phytotoxic+effects+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+on+maize+seedling+growth&rft.au=Doehlert%2C+D+C%3BKnutson%2C+CA%3BVesonder%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Doehlert&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; Zea mays; phytotoxins; mycotoxins; seed germination ER - TY - CONF T1 - Methods for detection and quantitation of fumonisins in corn, cereal products and animal excreta AN - 16734465; 3716760 AB - Fumonisins are a group of naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by strains of several different mating populations of Gibberella fujikori (Fusarium section Liseola). Fumonisins have been shown experimentally to be the causative agent of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), porcine pulmonary edema (PPE) syndrome, and to produce liver cancer in rats. Epidemiological evidence also indicates a possible correlation between the fumonisins and human esophageal cancer. The analytical method of choice for most samples has been high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence detection. The present work describes the baseline resolution using an isocratic mobile phase of the o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatives of fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)), fumonisin B sub(2) (FB sub(2)) and fumonisin B sub(3) (FB sub(3)). The separation of the hydrolyzed forms of FB sub(1), partially hydrolyzed FB sub(1) (PHFB sub(1)) and fully hydrolyzed FB sub(1) (HFB sub(1)) is also described. Results of analyses of corn from 1992 crop year in both Iowa (mean = 0.05 mu g/g, N = 80) and Pennsylvania (mean = 0.37 mu g/g, N = 91) were significantly lower than mean levels reported for 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991. Significant levels of FB sub(1) were found in commercially prepared rat (2 mu g/g) and horse (37 mu g/g) feed. Levels of FB sub(1), (0.05 to 1.2 mu g/g) found in corn meal purchased from local groceries indicated a possible source of low level exposure of humans to fumonisins. The simultaneous isocratic separation of FB sub(1), FB sub(2), FB sub(3) and the hydrolysis products of FB sub(1), PHFB sub(1) and HFB sub(1) from fecal samples indicated a possible difference in metabolism of FB sub(1) in ruminants and nonruminants. In ruminants, the hydrolyzed forms of FB sub(1) composed a significant (60 to 90%) portion of the total FB sub(1) concentration found in the feces. In nonruminants, the parent compound, FB sub(1), was the dominant (90%) species present. Both ruminants and nonruminants showed limited excretion of FB sub(1) in their urine (<1 to 7% total FB sub(1) in excreta). JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Rice, L G AU - Ross, P F Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 536 EP - 540 VL - 57 IS - 6 KW - fumonisins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - grain KW - cereals KW - mycotoxins KW - feces KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16734465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Methods+for+detection+and+quantitation+of+fumonisins+in+corn%2C+cereal+products+and+animal+excreta&rft.au=Rice%2C+L+G%3BRoss%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=536&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating N leaching in furrow irrigated corn AN - 16734399; 3718425 AB - Crop simulation models are increasingly used to evaluate the effect of alternative agricultural practices on crop yields and the environment. Difficulty in obtaining concise field data often requires that simulation results reflect a single point assumed to represent average field condition. Results of this study indicate that the single point analysis can have significant effects upon estimates of nitrogen leaching and crop yield under various surface irrigation practices. Practices considered illustrate the effects of differences in infiltration along the row, between irrigations, and between irrigated sets. Attempts to add intermediate realism in describing the irrigation system may not improve yield and leaching estimates over the single point simulation when compared to simulation results where even more realism is introduced. JF - Irrigation Science AU - Zara, P M AU - Selley, R AU - Cahoon, JE AU - Ferguson, R AD - USDA-ARS-ECL, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 167 EP - 172 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - agricultural chemicals KW - agricultural pollution KW - agricultural practices KW - agrochemicals KW - corn KW - crop yield KW - crops KW - furrow irrigation KW - irrigation water KW - tilling practices KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - Freshwater KW - simulation KW - nitrogen KW - irrigation KW - agriculture KW - groundwater pollution KW - leaching KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16734399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Simulating+N+leaching+in+furrow+irrigated+corn&rft.au=Zara%2C+P+M%3BSelley%2C+R%3BCahoon%2C+JE%3BFerguson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Zara&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; fertilizers; groundwater pollution; agriculture; leaching; simulation; irrigation; irrigation water; nitrogen; agrochemicals; crops; agricultural practices; agricultural chemicals; crop yield; corn; furrow irrigation; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the effects of selected agricultural materials on an ELISA for s-triazines AN - 16732938; 3718463 AB - Immunoassay technology offers many advantages over conventional analytical methods for pesticide analysis in the field, and in this study enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to the analysis of s-triazine herbicides in pesticide waste and rinsate mixtures. This sample type usually contains a mixture of pesticide active ingredients, formulating agents, fertilizers and debris. Therefore it was necessary to study the effects of these potential matrix components on the ELISA. This was done by evaluating ELISA standard curve parameters in the presence of matrix components. The assay tolerated fertilizer concentrations up to 1% (w/v) in the sample and had a wide pH range (2-9). MgCl sub(2) produced effects at 0.009% (w/v) which could result in a false negative result, but all other matrix effects implied false positive results and overestimates of analyte concentration. Ionic surfactants affected the assay above 0.156% (v/v). Non-ionic surfactants had little effect on the assay, but commercial agricultural formulations interfered with it above 0.156% (v/v). A rapid solid-phase extraction method for s-triazine herbicides was tested on actual rinsate samples and improved assay precision. JF - Food and Agricultural Immunology AU - Muldoon, M T AU - Nelson, JO AD - Food Anim. Res. Protect. Lab., USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 357 EP - 370 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0954-0105, 0954-0105 KW - s-triazines KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - herbicides KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - F 06723:Other labelling methods KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16732938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+effects+of+selected+agricultural+materials+on+an+ELISA+for+s-triazines&rft.au=Muldoon%2C+M+T%3BNelson%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Muldoon&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.issn=09540105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-dependent parasitization and production of female progeny for Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) AN - 16732070; 3715909 AB - Age-dependent parasitization and production of female progeny by adult females of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), a parasitoid of Heliothis virescens F. and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), were determined under laboratory conditions at a constant temperature of 30 plus or minus 1 degree C. M. croceipes females (n=22) parasitized 186.8 plus or minus 36.9 (mean plus or minus SD) hosts and had a longevity of 11.5 plus or minus 1.7 d. The mean daily parasitization (ranging from 0.05 to 24.0 hosts/day) and production of female progeny (ranging from 0 to 14.7 females/day) were inversely related to the females' age from 6-d old until death. The range in female age of peak parasitization, from 2 to 6 d of age of the females, coincided with that of peak production of female progeny. These results indicate that M. croceipes females should be released at this peak reproductive period in order to achieve maximum effect in a program for management of H. virescens and H. zea. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Tillman, P G AD - Southern Insect Manage. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 335 EP - 338 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - parasitoids KW - Braconidae KW - sex determination KW - Microplitis croceipes KW - age KW - Hymenoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16732070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Age-dependent+parasitization+and+production+of+female+progeny+for+Microplitis+croceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microplitis croceipes; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; parasitoids; age; sex determination; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of black terns (Chlidonias niger) to glyphosate-induced habitat alterations on wetlands AN - 16731945; 3719423 AB - The Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) is considered an endangered species in some states and is a category two species for listing as a federally threatened or endangered species. In the northern Great Plains, cattails (Typha spp.) have over-grown many wetlands, contributing to the decline in numbers of Black Terns. We aerially sprayed wetlands with glyphosate herbicide to assess the influence of habitat changes on Black Terns. In 1990 and 1991, two separate experiments were initiated in northeastern North Dakota whereby wetlands were randomly assigned one of three spray coverages with glyphosate. In one experiment, Black Terns used treated wetlands more than untreated wetlands (P 0.1). A stepwise multiple regression indicated a significant positive relationship between the number of Black Terns and hectares of water and dead emergent vegetation in the wetland (r super(2) = 0.51). Black Terns use of a wetland may be positively influenced by floating mats of dead cattails, live emergent vegetation, and open water. JF - Colonial Waterbirds AU - Linz, G M AU - Bergman, D L AU - Blixt, D C AU - Bleier, W J AD - USDA, Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., North Dakota Field Stn., North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105-5517, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 160 EP - 167 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0738-6028, 0738-6028 KW - Black terns KW - Chlidonias niger KW - Typha KW - aquatic birds KW - birds KW - freshwater weeds KW - habitat improvement (biological) KW - habitat selection KW - habitat utilization KW - habitats KW - plant control KW - populations KW - rare species KW - vegetation KW - vegetation cover KW - weed control KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - USA, North Dakota KW - herbicides KW - wetlands KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04671:Birds KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16731945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Response+of+black+terns+%28Chlidonias+niger%29+to+glyphosate-induced+habitat+alterations+on+wetlands&rft.au=Linz%2C+G+M%3BBergman%2C+D+L%3BBlixt%2C+D+C%3BBleier%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Linz&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Colonial+Waterbirds&rft.issn=07386028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; wetlands; plant control; habitat selection; vegetation cover; habitat improvement (biological); herbicides; freshwater weeds; rare species; populations; weed control; habitat utilization; vegetation; habitats; birds; Typha; Chlidonias niger; USA, North Dakota; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing inventory and monitoring programs based on multiple objectives AN - 16730883; 3719478 AB - Resource inventory and monitoring (I&M) programs in national parks combine multiple objectives in order to create a plan of action over a finite time horizon. Because all program activities are constrained by time and money, it is critical to plan I&M activities that make the best use of available agency resources. However, multiple objectives complicate a relatively straightforward allocation process. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) offers a structure for multiobjective decision making so that decision-makers' preferences can be formally incorporated in seeking potential solutions. Within the AHP, inventory and monitoring program objectives and decision criteria are organized into a hierarchy. Pairwise comparisons among decision elements at any level of the hierarchy provide a ratio scale ranking of those elements. The resulting priority values for all projects are used as each project's contribution to the value of an overall I&M program. These priorities, along with budget and personnel constraints, are formulated as a zero/one integer programming problem that can be solved to select those projects that produce the best program. An extensive example illustrates how this approach is being applied to I&M projects in national parks in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The proposed planning process provides an analytical framework for multicriteria decisionmaking that is rational, consistent, explicit, and defensible. JF - Environmental Management AU - Schmoldt, D L AU - Peterson, D L AU - Silsbee, D G AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn., Brooks Forest Prod. Cent., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0503, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 707 EP - 727 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - biological surveys KW - ecosystem management KW - national parks KW - planning KW - regional planning KW - resource evaluation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - environmental monitoring KW - resource management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16730883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Developing+inventory+and+monitoring+programs+based+on+multiple+objectives&rft.au=Schmoldt%2C+D+L%3BPeterson%2C+D+L%3BSilsbee%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Schmoldt&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental monitoring; ecosystem management; planning; regional planning; biological surveys; resource management; national parks; resource evaluation; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Encapsulation of Streptococcus uberis: Influence of storage and cultural conditions AN - 16730552; 3715365 AB - Streptococcus uberis (n = 100) isolated from bovine mammary secretions were assessed by India ink for expression of capsule. Organisms were evaluated under four conditions; (1) after primary culture on blood agar, (2) following 5 passages on blood agar, (3) after 5 passages in Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB), and (4) after storage in 10% skim milk. Strains from primary culture (44 of 100) were positive for an unstained halo (capsule) by the India ink method. Number of strains expressing capsule decreased greatly after passage and following storage. Freeze-etching followed by electron microscopy confirmed results of India ink preparations. Strains were also cultured in various media to determine influence of medium components on capsule expression. Todd-Hewitt medium supplemented with either serum or egg yolk enhanced the size of capsule expressed. Results of this study may aid researchers investigating the pathogenicity of S. uberis. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Matthews, K R AU - Jayarao, B M AU - Guidry, A J AU - Erbe, E F AU - Wergin, W P AU - Oliver, S P AD - USDA, ARS, Dep. Anim. Sci., 109 McCord Hall, Univ. Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 361 EP - 367 VL - 39 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - secretions KW - media (culture) KW - Streptococcus uberis KW - mammary gland KW - electron microscopy KW - storage conditions KW - encapsulation KW - J 02703:Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16730552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Encapsulation+of+Streptococcus+uberis%3A+Influence+of+storage+and+cultural+conditions&rft.au=Matthews%2C+K+R%3BJayarao%2C+B+M%3BGuidry%2C+A+J%3BErbe%2C+E+F%3BWergin%2C+W+P%3BOliver%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus uberis; encapsulation; media (culture); storage conditions; electron microscopy; secretions; mammary gland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic diversity and systematic relationships in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) and related species as revealed by RAPD analysis AN - 16728941; 3719548 AB - Fifteen 10mer primers, in combination with the Stoffel fragment, were used to detect random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) among 26 accessions of sweetpotato (I. batatas (L.) Lam.) from Oceania, Peru, the Philippines, and the United States and between 8 Ipomoea species from section Batatas. Phenetic and principal coordinate analysis of the 56 polymorphisms detected within the hexaploid I. batatas clearly delineated the South Pacific and the Peruvian sweetpotato lines. The two U.S. cultivars clustered with the Oceanic materials. Cladistic and phenetic analysis of 8 Ipomoea species supports previously published phylogenies based on morphological and RFLP data. Among the species examined, I. tabascana, I. trifida and the tetraploid forms of I. batatas from Mexico and Ecuador, including I. batatas var. apiculata, are the taxa most closely related to the cultivated hexaploid. I. batatas. These findings support the utility of RAPD markers for evaluating genetic diversity in sweetpotato and for establishing taxonomic and evolutionary relationships in Ipomoea. JF - Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution AU - Jarret, R L AU - Austin, D F AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Reg. Plant Introd. Stn., 1109 Exp. St., Griffin, GA 30223, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 165 EP - 173 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0025-9864, 0025-9864 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Philippines KW - Ipomoea batatas KW - evolutionary genetics KW - Oceania KW - Peru KW - genetic variance KW - taxonomy KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16728941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+and+systematic+relationships+in+sweetpotato+%28Ipomoea+batatas+%28L.%29+Lam.%29+and+related+species+as+revealed+by+RAPD+analysis&rft.au=Jarret%2C+R+L%3BAustin%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Jarret&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.issn=00259864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; evolutionary genetics; taxonomy; genetic variance; Ipomoea batatas; Philippines; Oceania; Peru ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case study of resources management planning with multiple objectives and projects AN - 16728534; 3719479 AB - Each National Park Service unit in the United States produces a resources management plan (RMP) every four years or less. The plans commit budgets and personnel to specific projects for four years, but they are prepared with little quantitative and analytical rigor and without formal decision-making tools. We have previously described a multiple objective planning process for inventory and monitoring programs (Schmoldt and others 1994). To test the applicability of that process for the more general needs of resources management planning, we conducted an exercise on the Olympic National Park (NP) in Washington State, USA. Eight projects were selected as typical of those considered in RMPs and five members of the Olympic NP staff used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to prioritize the eight projects with respect to their implicit management objectives. By altering management priorities for the park, three scenarios were generated. All three contained some similarities in rankings for the eight projects, as well as some differences. Mathematical allocations of money and people differed among these scenarios and differed substantially from what the actual 1990 Olympic NP RMP contains. Combining subjective priority measures with budget dollars and personnel time into an objective function creates a subjective economic metric for comparing different RMP's. By applying this planning procedure, actual expenditures of budget and personnel in Olympic NP can agree more closely with the staff's management objectives for the park. JF - Environmental Management AU - Peterson, D L AU - Silsbee, D G AU - Schmoldt, D L AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn., Brooks Forest Prod. Cent., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0503, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 729 EP - 742 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - economic analysis KW - models KW - national parks KW - planning KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - mathematical models KW - USA, Washington, Olympic Natl. Park KW - nature conservation KW - economics KW - resource management KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16728534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=A+case+study+of+resources+management+planning+with+multiple+objectives+and+projects&rft.au=Peterson%2C+D+L%3BSilsbee%2C+D+G%3BSchmoldt%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; nature conservation; planning; mathematical models; economics; resource management; economic analysis; national parks; USA, Washington, Olympic Natl. Park ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Finding good food and avoiding bad food: Does it help to associate with experienced flockmates? AN - 16728513; 3713328 AB - Flocks of male red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus, were observed as they foraged on 9 x 12-m tilled plots within a 0.2-ha flight pen. One of the plots contained rice seed treated with the bird repellent methiocarb; a second plot received untreated rice. When each flock displayed a consistent avoidance of the treated plot, the number of experienced birds in the 12-bird flock was sequentially reduced to six, three, one and zero. Latency to use of the untreated plot and time spent foraging in the treated plot by naive birds were greatly reduced when at least one experienced bird was present. Throughout the 4-day trials, use of the treated seed plot by naive birds was greater than that of experienced birds. The naive flock members benefited by following experienced birds to the untreated seed plot, thereby discovering and using it more quickly than when no experienced birds were present. The naive birds did not avoid the treated seed plot, however, and many ate the treated seed and became sick. Thus, the benefit of associating with experienced birds was in learning where to forage, not where to avoid. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Avery, M L AD - USDA, Denver Wildl., Res. Cent., Florida Field Stn., 2820 E. Univ. Ave., Gainesville, FL 32601, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1371 EP - 1378 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - methiocarb KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - foraging behavior KW - observational learning KW - taste aversion learning KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16728513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Finding+good+food+and+avoiding+bad+food%3A+Does+it+help+to+associate+with+experienced+flockmates%3F&rft.au=Avery%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agelaius phoeniceus; foraging behavior; taste aversion learning; observational learning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic systematic analysis of the Trichostrongylidae (Nematoda), with an initial assessment of coevolution and biogeography AN - 16727449; 3713501 AB - Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamilies of the Trichostrongylidae based on 22 morphological transformation series produced a single cladogram with a consistency index (CI) = 74.2%. Monophyly for the family was supported by the structure of the female tail and copulatory bursa. Two major clades are recognized: the Cooperiinae clade with the basal Cooperiinae and Libyostrongylinae + Trichostrongylinae, and the Graphidiinae clade with the basal Graphidiinae and Ostertagiinae + Haemonchinae. Dendrograms presented by Durette-Desset (1985) (CI = 56.1%) and Lichtenfels (1987), based on the key to the Trichostrongylidae by Gibbons and Khalil (1982) (CI = 59.0%), were found to be relatively inefficient in describing character evolution and in supporting putative relationships among the subfamilies. Based on the current analysis, the intestine appears to have constituted the ancestral habitat for the trichostrongylids with the stomach/abomasum having been independently colonized in each clade. Assessment of host associations suggests extensive colonization but also a high degree of coevolution with Bovidae and Cervidae for Ostertagiinae + Haemonchinae. Biogeography for this assemblage is complex, but this analysis is compatible with a Palearctic or Eurasian origin for Cooperiinae, Haemonchinae, and Ostertagiinae. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Hoberg, E P AU - Lichtenfels, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Biosyst. Parasitol. Lab., BARC East, Build. 1180, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 976 EP - 996 VL - 80 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Trichostrongylidae KW - coevolution KW - phylogeny KW - biogeography KW - Nematoda KW - D 04656:Nematodes KW - G 07260:Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16727449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+systematic+analysis+of+the+Trichostrongylidae+%28Nematoda%29%2C+with+an+initial+assessment+of+coevolution+and+biogeography&rft.au=Hoberg%2C+E+P%3BLichtenfels%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hoberg&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nematoda; Trichostrongylidae; biogeography; phylogeny; coevolution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monoclonal antibody to pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) egg antigen: A tool for predator gut analysis AN - 16725541; 3517126 AB - We describe the development, selection, and application of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to eggs of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). We tested this MAb against all pink bollworm life stages and the egg stage of 10 other insect species using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In all cases, the MAb was highly specific to pink bollworm egg and adult female antigens. A Western blot analysis showed that the MAb reacted with two egg polypeptides with molecular weights between 46 and 60 kDa. Predation studies were conducted in the laboratory to test the usefulness of this MAb for studying predator-prey interactions. Most predators fed either one or two pink bollowrm eggs responded positively to the MAb in a serological analysis of gut contents. These data suggest that this MAb can be used as a diagnostic probe for gut content analysis of potential predators of pink bollworm eggs under field conditions. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Hagler, J R AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Bradley-Dunlop, D AU - Enriquez, F J AU - Henneberry, T J AD - West. Cotton Res. Lab., USDA-ARS Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 90 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - Gelechiidae KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - methodology KW - predators KW - Lepidoptera KW - eggs KW - identification KW - antigens KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+monoclonal+antibody+to+pink+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechiidae%29+egg+antigen%3A+A+tool+for+predator+gut+analysis&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R%3BNaranjo%2C+SE%3BBradley-Dunlop%2C+D%3BEnriquez%2C+F+J%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pectinophora gossypiella; Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera; eggs; antigens; monoclonal antibodies; identification; predators; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a method to determine bioavailable phosphorus loss in agricultural runoff AN - 16725420; 3517245 AB - The loss of bioavailable P (BAP) in agricultural runoff can accelerate the eutrophication of receiving water bodies. Although several algal and chemical extractions have been proposed to estimate BAP, procedural and theoretical limitations have restricted their widespread use. This study evaluates the use of iron-oxide impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) to estimate the BAP content of runoff from 20 agricultural watersheds in the Southern Plains during 1988-1990. In the proposed method, BAP is determined by shaking 50 ml of unfiltered runoff with one Fe-oxide strip for 16 h. Phosphorus is removed from the strip by 0.1 M H sub(2)SO sub(4) and measured. The BAP content of runoff sediment was related (r super(2) = 0.92-0.95) to the growth of P-starved algae incubated for 29 days with runoff as the sole source of P. Acting as a P sink, the strips have a stronger theoretical basis than chemcial extraction in estimating BAP in agricultural runoff. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Robinson, J S AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Smith, S J AD - Soil Sci., USDA-ARS, Natl. Agric. Water Quality Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702-1430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 287 EP - 297 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - iron-oxide strips KW - bioavailability KW - measuring techniques KW - phosphorus KW - agricultural runoff KW - bioassay KW - surface runoff KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - runoff KW - eutrophication KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+method+to+determine+bioavailable+phosphorus+loss+in+agricultural+runoff&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J+S%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phosphorus; agriculture; runoff; agricultural runoff; eutrophication; watersheds; bioassay; surface runoff; chemical analysis; bioavailability; measuring techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymically produced cyclic alpha -1,3-linked and alpha -1,6-linked oligosaccharides of D-glucose AN - 16722384; 3707675 AB - A new type of bacterial enzyme hydrolyzed alternan (Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355 fraction S dextran, an alternating alpha -1,3- alpha -1,6-D-glucan) to give rise to a series of oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharide formed in the greatest proportion was a cyclic tetrasaccharide of D-glucosyl residues linked in an alternating alpha -1,3- alpha -1,6 fashion. Other saccharide products included isomaltose and alpha -D-glucopyranosyl-1,3- alpha -D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-D-glucose. Oligosaccharides of higher degrees of polymerization were also formed, and included alpha -D-glucosylated derivatives of the cyclic tetrasaccharide. This is the first report of a naturally produced cyclic tetrasaccharide. JF - European Journal of Biochemistry AU - Cote, G L AU - Biely, P AD - ARS-USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 641 EP - 648 VL - 226 IS - 2 SN - 0014-2956, 0014-2956 KW - oligosaccharides KW - isomaltose KW - alpha -D-glucopyranosyl-1,3- alpha -D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-D-glucose KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - enzymes KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16722384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Enzymically+produced+cyclic+alpha+-1%2C3-linked+and+alpha+-1%2C6-linked+oligosaccharides+of+D-glucose&rft.au=Cote%2C+G+L%3BBiely%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cote&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00142956&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leuconostoc mesenteroides; enzymes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spiders of an old field habitat in the delta of Mississippi AN - 16720218; 3706860 AB - Over a 14-month period, 2785 spiders of 70 species were collected by 114 pitfall trap samples and 68 sweepnet samples in a 2.5 ha abandoned horse pasture adjacent to a cotton field in Washington County, Mississippi. Mean numbers of spiders per sample were approximately equal by pitfall (x super(-) = 15) and sweepnet (x super(-) = 16) methods. Individuals of the Lycosidae (42.6%), Thomisidae (16.2%), and Salticidae (14.4%) comprised almost three-fourths of all spiders collected. Individuals of 13 other families were also collected. Web-spinners comprised 21.4% of the species (n = 15) and 13.9% of the individuals (n = 386), whereas wanderers comprised 78.6% of the species (n = 55) and 86.1% of the individuals (n = 2399). Eighteen species occurred only in the sweepnet (foliage) samples, 31 species only in the pitfall (ground) samples, and 21 species occurred in both sampled strata. Foliage spiders (mostly immatures) reached peak population levels in June and July and again in October and November. Very low densities occurred in August and September, with intermediate levels throughout the winter and spring leading to peak adult densities in April. Ground spiders reached peak population levels in March (mostly adults) and July (mostly immatures). A comparison of the composition and structure of this spider community with other old field sites and other potentially adjacent crop and non-crop habitats suggests considerable similarity. A possible role for spiders in cotton pest management is considered. JF - Journal of Arachnology AU - Young, O P AU - Lockley, C T AD - USDA-APHIS-BBEP, Environ. Anal. and Doc., 6505 Belcrest, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 114 EP - 130 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0161-8202, 0161-8202 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - old fields KW - Lycosidae KW - species composition KW - Salticidae KW - Thomisidae KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Araneae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16720218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arachnology&rft.atitle=Spiders+of+an+old+field+habitat+in+the+delta+of+Mississippi&rft.au=Young%2C+O+P%3BLockley%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arachnology&rft.issn=01618202&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Araneae; Lycosidae; Thomisidae; Salticidae; USA, Mississippi; old fields; species composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and properties of alternanase, a novel endo- alpha -1,3- alpha -1,6-D-glucanase AN - 16719516; 3707676 AB - A newly isolated soil bacterium strain NRRL B-21195, tentatively identified as a Bacillus species, was found to be a constitutive producer of a novel type of glycanase that hydrolyses in an endo-fashion the polysaccharide alternan, an alpha -1,3- alpha -1,6-D-glucan, referred to in the literature as B-1355 dextran (fraction S), synthesized from sucrose by alternansucrase of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The glycanase, named alternanase, has been purified to homogeneity from a cell-free culture fluid of the bacillus grown in a liquid medium containing D-glucose, and has been characterized. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 110000 Da (SDS/PAGE) and an isoelectric point of approximately 4.0. Optimum activity occurs at pH 7 and at a temperature of 40 degree C. The enzyme is stable up to 50 degree C but loses activity rapidly at 60 degree C. Its action is inhibited by EDTA and stimulated by Ca super(2+). The enzyme requires, for its action, D-glucan chains in which alpha -1,3-linkages alternate with alpha -1,6-linkages; i.e., it is specific for alternan. Monitoring of alternan hydrolysis by determination of liberated reducing sugars pointed to an unusually low extent of hydrolysis and a low specific activity of the enzyme. JF - European Journal of Biochemistry AU - Biely, P AU - Cote, G L AU - Burgess-Cassler, A AD - ARS-USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 633 EP - 639 VL - 226 IS - 2 SN - 0014-2956, 0014-2956 KW - endo- alpha -1,3- alpha -1,6-D-glucanase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - molecular weight KW - isoelectric points KW - Bacillus KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16719516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Purification+and+properties+of+alternanase%2C+a+novel+endo-+alpha+-1%2C3-+alpha+-1%2C6-D-glucanase&rft.au=Biely%2C+P%3BCote%2C+G+L%3BBurgess-Cassler%2C+A&rft.aulast=Biely&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00142956&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus; molecular weight; isoelectric points ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial analysis of hydraulic conductivity measured using disc infiltrometers AN - 16715685; 3711079 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Ankeny, MD AU - Horton, R AU - Kanwar, R S AD - U.S. Salinity Lab., ARS-USDA, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2489 EP - 2498 VL - 30 IS - 9 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - measuring instruments KW - soil properties KW - infiltration KW - hydraulic properties KW - permeability coefficient KW - infiltrometers KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16715685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Spatial+analysis+of+hydraulic+conductivity+measured+using+disc+infiltrometers&rft.au=Mohanty%2C+B+P%3BAnkeny%2C+MD%3BHorton%2C+R%3BKanwar%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - permeability coefficient; measuring instruments; infiltrometers; hydraulic properties; infiltration; soil water; soil properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nest association in fishes: Evidence for mutualism AN - 16712646; 3711935 AB - Nest association, or the habit of spawning in the nest of another species, is a widespread reproductive strategy among North American fishes, especially minnows. The hosts of nest associates include sunfishes and nest-building minnows. Previous experiments demonstrated that nest associates benefited from the parental care of hosts. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nest associates on hosts, and thereby characterize the relationship as parasitic, mutualistic or commensal. Since hosts with associates had higher reproductive success than those without associates in this experiment, I characterize nest association as a mutualistic relationship, at least in some systems. The dilution effect is the proposed mechanism responsible for the higher reproductive success of hosts with associates. JF - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology AU - Johnston, CE AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest Hydrol. Lab., P.O. Box 947, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 379 EP - 383 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0340-5443, 0340-5443 KW - mutualism KW - parental behavior KW - reproductive behavior KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - breeding sites KW - nests KW - Freshwater KW - spawning KW - Pisces KW - parasitism KW - symbiosis KW - breeding success KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - Y 25425:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16712646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+Ecology+and+Sociobiology&rft.atitle=Nest+association+in+fishes%3A+Evidence+for+mutualism&rft.au=Johnston%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+Ecology+and+Sociobiology&rft.issn=03405443&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - parasitism; symbiosis; breeding sites; nests; breeding success; spawning; parental behavior; reproductive behavior; mutualism; Pisces; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ontogenetic changes in foraging behaviour and habitat use by the Oregon garter snake, Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus AN - 16712438; 3703079 AB - Foraging behaviour, stream habitat use and food habits of a population of the aquatic, Oregon garter snake were studied in the field during the spring and summer of 1987 and 1988. Continuous records of behaviour and habitat use were obtained for each snake. Adults foraged more actively and in a wider variety of stream habitats than juveniles or neonates. Adults also fed on a wider variety of prey types and sizes, especially concentrating on large, Pacific giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosis, larvae and neotenes, in the mid-stream substrates. Juvenile and neonate snakes fed on relatively smaller prey that inhabited shallow stream margins. Consumption of relatively large prey by adults and smaller prey by juveniles indicated a shift in foraging 'strategy' from frequent feeding on small prey to infrequent feeding on large prey. These ontogenetic changes in foraging behaviour, habitat use and food habits of Oregon garter snakes are probably the result of a combination of proximate ecological, morphological and physiological constraints. Ultimately, these behavioural shifts may have a phylogenetic origin that reflects the strong advantage of single large meals versus many small meals for many modern snake lineages. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Lind, A J AU - Welsh, HH Jr AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., Redwood Sci. Lab., USDA Forest Serv., 1700 Bayview Dr., Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1261 EP - 1273 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - foraging behavior KW - food selection KW - Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus KW - ontogeny KW - habitat utilization KW - streams KW - USA, California KW - D 04670:Reptiles KW - Y 25554:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16712438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Ontogenetic+changes+in+foraging+behaviour+and+habitat+use+by+the+Oregon+garter+snake%2C+Thamnophis+atratus+hydrophilus&rft.au=Lind%2C+A+J%3BWelsh%2C+HH+Jr&rft.aulast=Lind&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus; USA, California; foraging behavior; habitat utilization; food selection; streams; ontogeny ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling crown rise in even-aged stands of Sitka spruce or loblolly pine AN - 16711350; 3702990 AB - A 'crown-rise' model that estimates average height to the base of a crown in an even-aged, monospecific stand is derived and fitted to loblolly pine and Sitka spruce data. Estimated standard errors are less than 1 m. The driving variables are average tree height and either tree count per unit area or average inter-tree distance. Two potential uses of the crown-rise model are: (1) a component of an empirical or mechanistic forest model, and (2) an alternative to stocking charts for stand density management. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Valentine, H T AU - Ludlow, A R AU - Furnival, G M AD - USDA Forest Serv., Louis C. Wyman Forest Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 640, Durham, NH 03824-0640, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 189 EP - 197 VL - 69 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - forest management KW - Pinus taeda KW - Picea sitchensis KW - canopies KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16711350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Modeling+crown+rise+in+even-aged+stands+of+Sitka+spruce+or+loblolly+pine&rft.au=Valentine%2C+H+T%3BLudlow%2C+A+R%3BFurnival%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea sitchensis; Pinus taeda; models; canopies; forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal degradation of recalcitrant non-phenolic lignin structures without lignin peroxidase AN - 16711233; 3703228 AB - Lignin peroxidases (LiPs) are likely catalysts of ligninolysis in many white-rot fungi, because they have the unusual ability to depolymerize the major, recalcitrant, nonphenolic structures of lignin. Some white-rot fungi have been reported to lack LiP when grown on defined medium, but it is not clear whether they exhibit full ligninolytic competence under these conditions. To address this problem, we compared the abilities of a known LiP producer, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, with those of a reported nonproducer, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, to degrade a synthetic lignin with normal phenolic content, a lignin with all phenolic units blocked, and a dimer, 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,3-diol, that represents the major nonphenolic structure in lignin. P. chrysosporium mineralized all three models rapidly in defined medium, but C. subvermispora showed appreciable activity only toward the more labile phenolic compound under these conditions. However, in wood, its natural environment, C. subvermispora mineralized all of the models as rapidly as P. chrysosporium did. Defined media therefore fail to elicit a key component of the ligninolytic system in C. subvermispora. A double-labeling experiment with the dimeric model showed that a LiP-dependent pathway was responsible for at least half of dimer mineralization in wood by P. chrysosporium but was responsible for no more than 6-7% of mineralization by C. subvermispora in wood. Therefore, C. subvermispora has mechanisms for degradation of nonphenolic lignin that are as efficient as those in P. chrysosporium but that do not depend on LiP. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Srebotnik, E AU - Jensen, KA Jr AU - Hammel, KE AD - Inst. Microb. Biochem. Technol., Forest Prod. Lab., USDA, Madison, WI 53705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 12794 EP - 12797 VL - 91 IS - 26 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - lignin KW - mechanism KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - biodegradation KW - Ceriporiopsis subvermispora KW - mineralization KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16711233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Fungal+degradation+of+recalcitrant+non-phenolic+lignin+structures+without+lignin+peroxidase&rft.au=Srebotnik%2C+E%3BJensen%2C+KA+Jr%3BHammel%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Srebotnik&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=12794&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Ceriporiopsis subvermispora; biodegradation; mineralization ER - TY - CONF T1 - Reproductive potential of once-mated moths of the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16711002; 3703039 AB - A laboratory study of the effects of age at a single mating on the reproductive potential of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), revealed that of 389 pairs of moths tested, 106, 281, and 2 pairs transferred 0, 1, or 2 spermatophores, respectively. Pairs that did not transfer a spermatophore mated when males and females averaged 7.0 and 8.8 days of age, respectively. Pairs transferring a single spermatophore mated when males and females averaged 5.9 and 6.3 days of age, respectively. The pairs transferring two spermatophores during one-night's pairing averaged 8 and 9 days of age at mating for males and females, respectively. The age of females at a single mating significantly affected their fecundity (r = -0.92; P<0.01), fertility (r = -0.61; P<0.01), and longevity (r = 0.83; P<0.01). Male age at a single mating significantly influenced only the fertility of eggs laid by their respective female partner (r = -0.92; P<0.01). Two days post-emergence was the optimum age for mating by both male and female moths for maximum fecundity and fertility. Delaying mating by females significantly lengthened their survival. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Rogers, CE AU - Marti, OG Jr Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 402 EP - 410 VL - 77 IS - 4 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - fertility KW - reproductive status KW - Lepidoptera KW - fecundity KW - age KW - Noctuidae KW - mating KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16711002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Reproductive+potential+of+once-mated+moths+of+the+fall+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Rogers%2C+CE%3BMarti%2C+OG+Jr&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive chronology of the northern flying squirrel on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington AN - 16710639; 3706425 AB - The timing and frequency of breeding by northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington were inferred from seasonal changes in the occurrence of juvenile flying squirrel remains in the pellets of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina). Juvenile flying squirrels were uncommon or absent in the diet of spotted owls except during late August to early November. This suggested that breeding was largely concentrated in late May and early June, and that most females produced only a single litter in years when they bred. Infrequent breeding did occur outside the primary breeding season, as evidenced by the occasional occurrence of juvenile remains in pellets during mid-summer, late fall, and winter. Quantitative information on the population dynamics of flying squirrels and other arboreal mammals is important to our understanding of forest communities in the Pacific Northwest. JF - Northwest Science AU - Forsman, ED AU - Otto, IA AU - Aubuchon, D AU - Lewis, J C AU - Sovern, S G AU - Maurice, K J AU - Kaminski, T AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 273 EP - 276 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - chronology KW - Glaucomys sabrinus KW - reproduction KW - Y 25427:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16710639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Reproductive+chronology+of+the+northern+flying+squirrel+on+the+Olympic+Peninsula%2C+Washington&rft.au=Forsman%2C+ED%3BOtto%2C+IA%3BAubuchon%2C+D%3BLewis%2C+J+C%3BSovern%2C+S+G%3BMaurice%2C+K+J%3BKaminski%2C+T&rft.aulast=Forsman&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glaucomys sabrinus; USA, Washington; reproduction; chronology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of antibodies to fungal endoglucanase in murine ascitic fluid AN - 16710451; 3699294 AB - Polyclonal antibodies to endoglucanase of the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta were produced in murine ascitic fluid. The mice produced a mean volume of 17.7 mL ascites and a mean reciprocal antibody titer of 419 by ELISA. Anti-endoglucanase antibody inhibited 100 percent of the endoglucanase activity extracted from P. placenta-decayed wood. JF - Biotechnology Techniques AU - Clausen, CA AD - USDA-ARS, For. Serv., For. Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 739 EP - 742 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 0951-208X, 0951-208X KW - Postia placenta KW - endoglucanase KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - antibodies KW - W2 32375:Antibodies KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16710451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.atitle=Production+of+antibodies+to+fungal+endoglucanase+in+murine+ascitic+fluid&rft.au=Clausen%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Techniques&rft.issn=0951208X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An empirical evaluation of a three-dimensional crown model for predicting volume growth AN - 16710263; 3702989 AB - A three-dimensional geometric model of crown competition was developed which can be used for empirical distance-dependent individual-tree models or biologically based process models. The crown model calculates the shape of a subject tree's crown based on the positions of its competitors' crowns and the rules of competition. It is necessary to use a crown profile equation to use the crown model. The crown profile equation was estimated from the crown width of open-grown trees at the base of the live crown. Ten replicates of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) progeny study planted in a variable density Nelder's wheel layout re-measured annually from Ages 6 to 10 and at Age 12 were used for the analysis. The use of two different rules of competition and two different methods of calculating crown volume, surface area, and exposed surface area resulted in eight different estimates related to the geometry of each crown. The relationships of the natural logarithm of periodic annual wood volume growth of different time lengths were fit to geometric estimates generated from the crown model. These relationships were compared with crown length and wood volume relationships to evaluate the utility of the three-dimensional crown model. Exposed surface area of the crown was the best predictor of volume growth produced by the crown model. Wood volume was the single best predictor of growth until Age 9, when exposed surface area became superior. The best model of all possible models was wood volume, exposed surface area, and surface area. Wood volume, exposed surface area, and total surface area length accounted for 1-11% more of the variability than crown length and wood volume. This indicated that the crown model offered benefits over the use of the raw data. The relative performance of the crown model compared with wood volume and crown length improved as competition increased. The crown model appears to offer potential for growth and yield modeling; it must be further evaluated, however, for use in mature stands. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Smith, W R AD - USDA Forest Serv., P.O. Box FR, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 199 EP - 209 VL - 69 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - Pinus taeda KW - competition KW - growth KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16710263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=An+empirical+evaluation+of+a+three-dimensional+crown+model+for+predicting+volume+growth&rft.au=Smith%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; models; growth; competition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptation of Picea engelmannii populations to the heterogeneous environments of the Intermountain West AN - 16710216; 3702977 AB - Seedlings from 104 natural populations of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and 10 blue spruce (Picea pungens) populations from the Intermountain West, U.S.A., were compared in common gardens. Comparisons involved 16 characters that described growth, development, and cold hardiness plus nine monoterpenes. Canonical discriminant analyses detected one population of blue spruce that had been misidentified, readily separated populations of blue and Engelmann spruce, suggested that three Southwest populations differed markedly from Intermountain populations of Engelmann spruce, but identified no Intermountain populations that reflected introgression with blue spruce. Genetic differences were detected among populations of Engelmann spruce for 16 of the morphometric characters, and multiple regression models accounted for as much as 70% of the variance among populations. The regressions described genetic variation occurring along clines that were dominated by elevational and latitudinal effects. The slope of the clines, however, was relatively gentle; populations located within the same physiographic province must be separated by at least 420 m in elevation before genetic differentiation becomes a reasonable possibility. By providing a means for assessing the degree by which similar genotypes recur across the landscape, the regression models have direct practical application in programs ranging from land management to conservation biology. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Rehfeldt, GE AD - Intermt. Res. Stn., USDA, Forest Serv., 1221 S. Main Str., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1197 EP - 1208 VL - 72 IS - 8 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - Picea engelmannii KW - adaptations KW - genetic variance KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16710216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Adaptation+of+Picea+engelmannii+populations+to+the+heterogeneous+environments+of+the+Intermountain+West&rft.au=Rehfeldt%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Rehfeldt&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea engelmannii; USA; genetic variance; adaptations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the Tecra VIA kit, Oxoid BCET-RPLA kit and CHO cell culture assay for the detection of Bacillus cereus diarrhoeal enterotoxin AN - 16710076; 3700864 AB - Two commercial serological kits (Oxoid BCET-RPLA and Tecra VIA) and a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cytotonicity assay for the detection of Bacillus cereus diarrhoeal enterotoxin were compared. Eleven B. cereus strains and one enterotoxigenic B. thuringiensis strain were evaluated. Both kits and the CHO cell assay yielded positive toxin responses for cell-free culture filtrates from eight out of 11 diarrhoeal enterotoxigenic strains. An emetic enterotoxin producing strain was negative with all three assays. Two B. cereus strains were negative using the BCET-RPLA kit, but positive with the Tecra VIA kit and CHO cell assay. The BCET-RPLA indicated significant levels of enterotoxin after samples were boiled, whereas the CHO cell and Tecra assays were negative. Overall, the cell culture assay was the most sensitive. However, the Tecra VIA kit provided similar results and was better suited for the rapid detection of B. cereus diarrhoeal enterotoxin. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Schultz, F J AD - USDA-ARS Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., Microbial Food Saf. Res. Unit, 600 Memorial Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 353 EP - 356 VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cell culture KW - diarrhea KW - CHO cells KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Bacillus cereus KW - serology KW - enterotoxins KW - J 02821:Assays UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16710076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+Tecra+VIA+kit%2C+Oxoid+BCET-RPLA+kit+and+CHO+cell+culture+assay+for+the+detection+of+Bacillus+cereus+diarrhoeal+enterotoxin&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BSchultz%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacillus cereus; diarrhea; enterotoxins; cell culture; CHO cells; serology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of herpetofaunal sampling effectiveness of pitfall, single-ended, and double-ended funnel traps used with drift fences AN - 16709068; 3708156 AB - We assessed the relative effectiveness of pitfalls, single-ended, and double-ended funnel traps at 12 replicate sites in sand pine scrub using drift fence arrays. Pitfalls captured fewer species but yielded more individuals of many species and higher average species richness than funnel traps. Pitfalls and funnel traps exhibited differential capture bias probably due to differences in behavior or morphology. More surface-active lizards, frogs, and small semifossorial herpetofaunal species were captured in pitfalls whereas captures of large snake species were restricted to funnel traps. Double-ended funnel traps captured twice as many large snakes as single-ended funnel traps. All three trap types yielded similar estimates of relative abundance of lizards and frogs but not snakes. Estimates of relative abundance of large snakes were higher for double-ended funnel traps than pitfalls or single-ended funnel traps. Pitfall and funnel traps yield complementary results, and choice of type(s) depends on target species and sampling goals. JF - Journal of Herpetology AU - Greenberg, CH AU - Neary, D G AU - Harris, L D AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn., Intensive Manage. Pract. Assess. Cent., P.O. Box 14524, Gainesville, FL 32604-4524, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 319 EP - 324 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1511, 0022-1511 KW - Herpetofauna KW - biological surveys KW - performance assessment KW - population surveys KW - scrub KW - soils (sandy) KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - census KW - USA, Florida KW - samplers KW - Reptilia KW - Amphibia KW - catching methods KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - D 04666:Chordates - general KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16709068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+herpetofaunal+sampling+effectiveness+of+pitfall%2C+single-ended%2C+and+double-ended+funnel+traps+used+with+drift+fences&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH%3BNeary%2C+D+G%3BHarris%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.issn=00221511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - census; catching methods; performance assessment; samplers; biological surveys; scrub; Herpetofauna; soils (sandy); Reptilia; Amphibia; USA, Florida ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest fragmentation and red-cockaded woodpecker population: An analysis at intermediate scale AN - 16708617; 3634863 AB - The Red-cockaded Woodpecker population on the Sam Houston National Forest in Texas was surveyed during 1988. The 128 active clusters present make this population one of the largest in existence. Pine stand ages varied considerably across the forest. Correlation analysis indicated that stand area in excess of 60 yr of age is positively correlated with measures of woodpecker density. This relationship is present across a range of areas from individual compartments (= 520 ha) to blocks of 10-15 compartments. A positive correlation of area in pines of 60 yr of age and number of woodpeckers per group suggests that the causes of these relationships are still operating. It is hypothesized that the fragmentation of forest in excess of 60 yr of age by younger stands is impacting the demographics of this population. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Conner, R N AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silvic. Lab., South. For. Exp. Stn., USDA-ARS, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 365 EP - 375 VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - succession KW - population density KW - Picoides borealis KW - habitat utilization KW - USA, Texas KW - habitat fragmentation KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16708617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Forest+fragmentation+and+red-cockaded+woodpecker+population%3A+An+analysis+at+intermediate+scale&rft.au=Rudolph%2C+D+C%3BConner%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; USA, Texas; population density; habitat utilization; forests; succession; habitat fragmentation ER - TY - CONF T1 - Field tests with a fluorescent brightener to enhance infectivity of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus AN - 16708506; 3700942 AB - The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was applied in combination with Fluorescent Brightener 28 (Calcofluor White M2R, Tinopal LPW) to whorl-stage corn. Concentrations of NPV ranged from 5 larval equivalents (1 LE = 6 x 10 super(9) polyhedral occlusion bodies) to 1235 LE per ha. Concentrations of fluorescent brightener ranged from 0.1 to 5% by weight in water and the water volume ranged from 234 to 926 liters per ha. Two days after treatment, fall armyworm larvae were collected from the treated plants and held on bean diet to observe mortality due to NPV, parasitoids, and ascovirus. The fluorescent brightener interacted significantly with virus concentration and with water volume to increase larval mortality. There was no increase in mortality due to NPV as the percent fluorescent brightener increased beyond 1%. In the higher volumes of water, 0.25% fluorescent brightener resulted in the highest percent mortality due to NPV. Cotesia marginiventris was the most abundant parasitoid recovered from fall armyworm in these tests, and as the percent mortality due to NPV increased, the percent mortality due to parasitoids and ascovirus decreased. Thus, the total mortality was not affected as greatly as the percent mortality due to NPV by changes in water volume or fluorescent brightener concentration. The reduction in mortality due to parasitoids did not appear to be a direct effect of the fluorescent brightener on the parasitoids. However, increased infectivity of the NPV and earlier mortality from NPV associated with the fluorescent brightener resulted in more host larvae dying of NPV before the parasitoids could complete development. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Hamm, J J AU - Chandler, L D AU - Sumner, H R Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 425 EP - 437 VL - 77 IS - 4 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - fluorescence KW - infectivity KW - Noctuidae KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22181:Detection KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16708506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Field+tests+with+a+fluorescent+brightener+to+enhance+infectivity+of+fall+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus&rft.au=Hamm%2C+J+J%3BChandler%2C+L+D%3BSumner%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Hamm&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding by Bagous affinis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) inhibits germination of hydrilla tubers AN - 16708419; 3704136 AB - Bagous affinis Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae feed inside subterranean turions or tubers of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Hydrocharitaceae) during low water conditions. This results in reduced germination of the tubers. To determine the number of B. affinis required to reduce tuber germination, dioecious hydrilla tubers were exposed to various B. affinis egg to tuber ratios. The tubers were then held for germination. The number of adults produced and the number of tubers germinating for each treatment and damage category were recorded. In all treatments, tuber germination was significantly reduced compared with the controls. The proportion of tubers germinating tended to decrease with an increase in the number of eggs initially placed in the treatment. This reduction in germination resulted from an increase in feeding damage. The results of this study suggest that B. affinis should be released in the field with an egg to tuber ratio of 2:1 or greater. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Godfrey, KE AU - Anderson, LWJ AD - USDA, ARS, Aquat. Weed Cont. Res. Lab., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 480 EP - 488 VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - freshwater weeds KW - tubers KW - weed control KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - feeding KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - vegetative reproduction KW - Curculionidae KW - weeds KW - Bagous affinis KW - germination KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08221:General KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q1 08301:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16708419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Feeding+by+Bagous+affinis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+inhibits+germination+of+hydrilla+tubers&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+KE%3BAnderson%2C+LWJ&rft.aulast=Godfrey&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=480&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; aquatic plants; feeding; weeds; vegetative reproduction; freshwater weeds; germination; weed control; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Bagous affinis; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of an Escherichia coli formate dehydrogenase assay for selenium compounds AN - 16708088; 3703954 AB - A microbiological assay to detect different chemical compounds of selenium for potential future use in the study of the distribution of these chemical forms in foods is being developed. This assay is based on the detection, by infrared analysis, of CO sub(2) in a culture of Escherichia coli when the bacteria are grown in the presence of various selenium compounds. The CO sub(2) production is the result of selenium-dependent formate dehydrogenase activity, which catalyzes oxidation of formic acid produced during glucose metabolism. Smooth response curves were generated over several orders of magnitude for selenocystine, selenite, and selenomethionine. The assay detects selenium concentrations (above background) as low as 1.5 nM for selenocystine and selenite and 4 nM for selenomethionine in minimal medium. Detection of selenomethionine was enhanced (to a sensitivity of 1.5 nM) by the addition of methionine to minimal medium and was enhanced even further (to a sensitivity of 0.8 nM) by the addition of a defined mixture of amino acids. Selenomethionine could be assayed in the presence of an amino acid concentration which is proportional to the amino acid/elemental selenium ratio found in a wheat gluten reference material (NIST SRM 8418). This implies that the assay can detect selenium compounds in a variety of foods at low concentrations, avoiding the background CO sub(2) production caused by high concentrations of non-selenium-containing amino acids. The observation that methionine enhanced selenomethionine availability for formate dehydrogenase synthesis supports studies in animals demonstrating that methionine controls selenomethionine incorporation into selenoenzymes. Although determination of selenium by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry is more sensitive for detecting elemental selenium in biological materials, the microbiological assay detects metabolically utilized selenium, which is currently of interest in nutrition research. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tschursin, E AU - Wolf, W R AU - Lacroix, D AU - Veillon, C AU - Patterson, KY AD - Food Composition Lab., Beltsville Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4310 EP - 4318 VL - 60 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - formate dehydrogenase KW - selenium KW - carbon dioxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - bioassays KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16708088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+an+Escherichia+coli+formate+dehydrogenase+assay+for+selenium+compounds&rft.au=Tschursin%2C+E%3BWolf%2C+W+R%3BLacroix%2C+D%3BVeillon%2C+C%3BPatterson%2C+KY&rft.aulast=Tschursin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; bioassays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foliar nutrient concentrations of insect susceptible and resistant soybean germplasm AN - 16707831; 3703649 AB - Differences in host plant quality to insect herbivores may be explained by variations in secondary plant compounds and plant nutrients. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm resistant to foliar feeding insect pests have been identified and developed. Investigations into the chemical basis of this resistance have met with limited success. The objectives of this study were to determine the foliar concentrations of 12 nutrients in 18 field-grown soybean lines with known quantitative levels of resistance or susceptibility to the Mexican bean beetle (MBB) (Epilachna varivestis Mulsant) and to determine if a relationship exists between nutrient concentrations and resistance. Eighteen soybean genotypes were evaluated. The six MBB-resistant lines of Group 1 included PI 171451 or lines derived therefrom. The six MBB-resistant lines of Group 2 included PI 229358 or lines derived therefrom. The six Group 3 lines were MBB-susceptible commercial cultivars. The MBB feeding damage and foliar concentrations of P, Ca, and Fe in resistant Groups 1 and 2 were significantly less (P < 0.01) than in susceptible Group 3. Significant positive linear contrasts indicated that as damage increased, foliar concentrations of P, Ca, and Fe increased. Results indicate that none of the foliar nutrients analyzed in this study have a direct cause-effect relationship with MBB resistance. However, the foliar concentrations of three nutrients (P, Ca, and Fe) are significantly lower in MBB-resistant soybean genotypes using PI 171451 or PI 229358 as the resistant parent, which suggests that these nutrients are associated or linked to the true cause of resistance. JF - Crop Science AU - Elden, T C AU - Kenworthy, W J AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 467, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 695 EP - 699 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - pest control KW - germplasm KW - host plants KW - nutrient concentrations KW - Coccinellidae KW - Epilachna varivestis KW - Glycine max KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Foliar+nutrient+concentrations+of+insect+susceptible+and+resistant+soybean+germplasm&rft.au=Elden%2C+T+C%3BKenworthy%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Elden&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; pest control; germplasm; nutrient concentrations; host plants; Coleoptera; Epilachna varivestis; Coccinellidae; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drought and rangeland grasshopper species diversity AN - 16707809; 3703705 AB - Rangeland grasshopper species richness was monitored at 10 sites in Montana, U.S.A., during 1986 through 1992, which included an extreme drought year (1988). We observed significant post-1988 drought reductions in rangeland grasshopper species richness in the eastern and south-central region of Montana where drought intensity has been increasing during the past 20 years. In the north-central region, which also experienced the 1988 drought but showed no long-term drought trend, we did not observe a post-drought reduction in overall rangeland grasshopper species richness. Thus, in terms of rangeland grasshopper species richness, the potential impact of a severe drought in a given year may depend on the timing of such an event within longer-term climatic cycles. Our findings suggest that as regional drought intensity increases temporally, there may be an increased likelihood that a single extreme drought year will not only have a profound impact on abundance but may also result in significant long-term reduction of grasshopper species richness. Our results support the hypothesis that resource limitation is a very important factor in structuring rangeland grasshopper communities in space and time. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Kemp, W P AU - Cigliano, M M AD - USDA/ARS, Rangeland Insect Lab., Bozeman, MT, USA 59717-0366 Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1075 EP - 1092 VL - 126 IS - 4 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - droughts KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - rangelands KW - species diversity KW - USA, Montana KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Drought+and+rangeland+grasshopper+species+diversity&rft.au=Kemp%2C+W+P%3BCigliano%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1075&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Orthoptera; USA, Montana; species diversity; droughts; rangelands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone descriptors for an air quality standard to protect vegetation AN - 16707689; 3701226 AB - Exposure of plants to ozone (O sub(3)) causes injury and reduced growth. Describing the form and function of the O sub(3) exposure in relation to plant response is important in the regulatory process. Research has shown that plants show greater response to O sub(3) as concentration increases. The duration of the O sub(3) exposure is also important in the ability of vegetation to maintain O sub(3) repair mechanisms. The O sub(3) entering the leaf is important in plant response, thus O sub(3) fluxes are more important than ambient concentrations. However, at this time an air quality standard useful for the regulatory process should be based on ambient O sub(3) exposures. The selection of O sub(3) exposure descriptors should incorporate factors pertinent to plant response. Research suggests that exposure descriptors which give greater weight to peak concentrations, and those which account for cumulative exposure, show the closest relationship to plant response. Ozone exposure summaries using concentration averages do not adequately relate plant response with ambient exposures. Although the use of cumulative exposure indices may be preferable to seasonal means, it appears that the use of a single-parameter exposure index will not guarantee that the most important components of exposure have been captured. An appropriate alternative approach might use a combination of indices, such as a cumulative index and the number of hourly average concentrations above a threshold. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Musselman, R C AU - McCool, P M AU - Lefohn, A S AD - Rocky Mountain For. and Range Exper. Stn., USDA, For. Serv., Fort Collins, CO 80526-2098, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1383 EP - 1390 VL - 44 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ozone KW - plants KW - pollution effects KW - growth KW - air pollution KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Ozone+descriptors+for+an+air+quality+standard+to+protect+vegetation&rft.au=Musselman%2C+R+C%3BMcCool%2C+P+M%3BLefohn%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Musselman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; pollution effects; ozone; plants; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of burning and brush treatments on nutrient and soil physical properties in young longleaf pine stands AN - 16707666; 3700498 AB - Over a period of 16 years, unburned longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) pole stands grew an average of 27% more volume than similar stands regularly burned. Treatments included biennial burns in winter, spring, and summer plus an unburned check, each of which was combined with three supplemental treatments, namely, initial herbicide injection of all hardwoods, repeated handclearing of all woody stems, and no treatment. All unburned and winter-burned plots were paired to study this growth reduction relative to treatments. The status of nitrogen, phosphorus, available moisture holding capacity, bulk density, and macropore space was determined in both surface and subsurface soils. Foliage from pines on sampled plots was analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn. Burning did not significantly affect either soil N and P or foliar nutrients. However, burning reduced available moisture holding capacity and macropore space and increased the bulk density of surface soils, and also reduced the moisture-holding capacity of subsurface soils. The results from this and other studies suggest that growth losses are due, at least in part, to increased moisture stress associated with changes in soil physical properties. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Boyer, W D AU - Miller, J H AD - USDA For. Serv., Southern Forest Exp. Stn., George W. Andrews For. Sci. Lab., Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL 36849, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 311 EP - 318 VL - 70 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - nutrient status KW - soil properties KW - Pinus palustris KW - burning KW - growth KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Effect+of+burning+and+brush+treatments+on+nutrient+and+soil+physical+properties+in+young+longleaf+pine+stands&rft.au=Boyer%2C+W+D%3BMiller%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus palustris; burning; soil properties; nutrient status; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of the fungal soybean pathogen Cercospora kikuchii with the selectable marker bar AN - 16707665; 3703835 AB - An improved transformation protocol, utilizing selection for resistance to the herbicide bialaphos, has been developed for the plant pathogenic fungus Cercospora kikuchii. Stable, bialaphos-resistant transformants are recovered at frequencies eight times higher than those achieved with the previous system that was based on selection for benomyl resistance. In addition to C. kikuchii, this improved method can also be used to transform other species of Cercospora. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Upchurch, R G AU - Meade, MJ AU - Hightower, R C AU - Thomas, R S AU - Callahan, T M AD - ARS-USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4592 EP - 4595 VL - 60 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Cercospora kikuchii KW - bar gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - transformation KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - N 14674:Transformation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+the+fungal+soybean+pathogen+Cercospora+kikuchii+with+the+selectable+marker+bar&rft.au=Upchurch%2C+R+G%3BMeade%2C+MJ%3BHightower%2C+R+C%3BThomas%2C+R+S%3BCallahan%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Upchurch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transformation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Light and electron microscopic investigations on the histopathology of the midgut of gypsy moth larvae infected with LdMNPV plus a fluorescent brightener AN - 16707648; 3703780 JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Adams, J R AU - Sheppard, CA AU - Shapiro, M AU - Tompkins, G J AD - USDA-ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab., BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 156 EP - 159 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lymantriidae KW - larvae KW - histopathology KW - viruses KW - midgut KW - electron microscopy KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05171:Alimentary system & nutrition KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Light+and+electron+microscopic+investigations+on+the+histopathology+of+the+midgut+of+gypsy+moth+larvae+infected+with+LdMNPV+plus+a+fluorescent+brightener&rft.au=Adams%2C+J+R%3BSheppard%2C+CA%3BShapiro%2C+M%3BTompkins%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - larvae; viruses; histopathology; midgut; electron microscopy; Lymantriidae; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eight new species of Microsporidia (Microspora) from Argentine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) AN - 16707644; 3703773 AB - Seven new species of Amblyospora and one of Parathelohania are described from larvae of neotropical mosquitoes: Aedes albifasciatus, Aedes crinifer, Anopheles evansae, Culex dolosus, Culex tramazayguesi, Mansonia indubitans, Psorophora ferox, and Uranotaenia nataliae. This is the first formal description of microsporidia from mosquitoes in Argentina and the first report of an Amblyospora sp. from the genus Uranotaenia. New species were distinguished on the basis of meiospore morphology and presumed host specificity. The proposed new species are Amblyospora albifasciati n. sp., Amblyospora criniferis n. sp., Amblyospora dolosi n. sp., Amblyospora ferocis n. sp., Amblyospora indubitantis n. sp., Amblyospora nataliae n. sp., Amblyospora tramazayguesi n. sp., and Parathelohania evansae n. sp. A complete list of all of the described species of Parathelohania from mosquitoes is given. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Garcia, J J AU - Becnel, J J AD - USDA-ARS, Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 243 EP - 252 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Amblyospora KW - Parathelohania legeri KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Microsporidia KW - Argentina KW - Culicidae KW - pathogens KW - Diptera KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Eight+new+species+of+Microsporidia+%28Microspora%29+from+Argentine+mosquitoes+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29&rft.au=Garcia%2C+J+J%3BBecnel%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogens; Microsporidia; Culicidae; Diptera; Argentina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An iridescent virus from Popillia japonica (Col.: Scarabaeidae) AN - 16707439; 3703650 AB - A very low incidence (< 0.01%) of a blue iridovirus (IV) was found in larvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, that were sampled over a two year period on Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal). In the most heavily infected larvae, a deep blue iridescence was observed, particularly in the fat body. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the characteristic crystalline arrays of the hexagonal virus particles in the cytoplasm of fat body cells, tracheal matrix, muscle, hypodermis and blood cells. Crystals of the virus particles were also observed freely circulating in the hemolymph. The average diameter of negatively stained purified virus particles was 157 nm. Similarities and differences with other IVs found in the Scarabaeidae are discussed. Considering the broad host range of some of the iridescent viruses, the relatively recent invasion of Terceira by P. japonica and the rarity of the virus in the beetle, it is probable that the infection was the result of transmission from another species of soil-inhabiting arthropod. Its value as a potential biological control agent of P. japonica is negligible. JF - Entomophaga AU - Lacey, LA AU - Adams, J R AD - USDA, ARS, European Biol. Cont. Lab., B.P. 4168-Agropolis, 34092 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 131 EP - 136 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8959, 0013-8959 KW - blue iridovirus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Portugal KW - Coleoptera KW - Popillia japonica KW - Scarabaeidae KW - viruses KW - pathogenicity KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01030:General KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomophaga&rft.atitle=An+iridescent+virus+from+Popillia+japonica+%28Col.%3A+Scarabaeidae%29&rft.au=Lacey%2C+LA%3BAdams%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomophaga&rft.issn=00138959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - viruses; pathogenicity; Coleoptera; Popillia japonica; Scarabaeidae; Portugal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flight morphology, energetic condition, and the stopover biology of migrating thrushes AN - 16707215; 3700642 AB - Flight morphology affects aerodynamic performance and the energetic demand for migration. We investigated the relationship between flight morphology and energetic condition of Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), Veery (Catharus fuscescens), Swainson's Thrush (C. ustulatus), and Gray-cheeked Thrush (C. minimus) during migration and the consequences for stopover behavior following spring trans-Gulf passage. Differences in morphological variables were found among Catharus thrushes, and between Wood Thrush and Catharus thrushes. Species with longer migratory distances have longer, more pointed wings and higher aspect ratios. The relatively larger wing area and lower body mass of Gray-cheeked Thrush and Veery result in lower wing loadings. Whereas wing size increased with increasing lean body mass in all species, the interrelations of wing span and wing area with lean body mass were allometrical (i.e. deviated from expected isometric relationship). Larger individuals in each species have disproportionately large wings. Wing size was negatively related to amount of stored fat, which indicated that larger individuals within each species have smaller fat stores remaining after trans-Gulf migration. Species or individuals with relatively long, pointed wings are more efficient migrants, and their energetic demand per unit distance travelled is lower. The consequences vis-a-vis stopover biology are considered. JF - Auk AU - Yong, Wang AU - Moore AD - USDA Forest Serv., 2205 Columbia, SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 683 EP - 692 VL - 111 IS - 3 SN - 0004-8038, 0004-8038 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - migration KW - fitness KW - Hylocichla mustelina KW - morphology KW - Catharus KW - aerodynamic properties KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25656:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16707215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Flight+morphology%2C+energetic+condition%2C+and+the+stopover+biology+of+migrating+thrushes&rft.au=Yong%2C+Wang%3BMoore&rft.aulast=Yong&rft.aufirst=Wang&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hylocichla mustelina; Catharus; morphology; aerodynamic properties; migration; fitness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pityophthorus orarius Bright (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in a northern California Douglas-fir seed orchard: Effect of clone, tree vigor, and cone crop on rate of attack AN - 16706967; 3703710 AB - The geographic range of the Douglas-fir twig beetle Pityophthorus orarius Bright, was extended beyond the original provenance of southern British Columbia to northern California. A survey of 457 Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] trees in 1985 revealed that those with heavy cone crops were more likely to be infested by twig beetles than were those with a light crop. Furthermore, attack rates differed among clones. A second survey done in 1987 confirmed the importance of clone and cone crop in attack rate. In this survey, stressed trees were attacked at a higher rate than unstressed trees. Beetle distributions appeared clumped in both surveys, possibly because of semio-chemicals or oviposition behavior. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Rappaport, NG AU - Wood, D L AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., Berkeley, CA, USA 9470 Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1111 EP - 1118 VL - 126 IS - 5 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Pityophthorus orarius KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - USA, California KW - pest attack KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16706967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Pityophthorus+orarius+Bright+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+in+a+northern+California+Douglas-fir+seed+orchard%3A+Effect+of+clone%2C+tree+vigor%2C+and+cone+crop+on+rate+of+attack&rft.au=Rappaport%2C+NG%3BWood%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Rappaport&rft.aufirst=NG&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scolytidae; Coleoptera; Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, California; pest attack ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testicular microorganisms in Heliothis: Ultrastructure and distribution in H. virescens, H. subflexa, F sub(1) hybrid, and backcross males AN - 16706873; 3703768 AB - Bacterial microorganisms were found in the testis lumen of three groups of F sub(1) hybrid males and in first and second generation backcross (BC sub(1) and BC sub(2)) males involving the interspecific cross Heliothis subflexa (female) x Heliothis virescens (male). Three pleomorphic forms (dense bodies, initial bodies, and intermediate bodies) were identified in adult moths of these groups, but only dense bodies were present in H. virescens and H. subflexa males. The intermediate form was not observed in either of the parental species and was only rarely seen in late-generation BC males. Intermediate bodies were absent from larval and pupal testes in each of the groups examined (F sub(1), H. subflexa, H. virescens), but cytoplasmic forms in various developmental stages were observed in developing spermatids in pupal as well as adult testes. Spherical to oblong mitochondrial derivative bodies (MD bodies) were found associated with sperm of both species as well as in late-generation BC males. A hypothesis is presented to account for the presence of intermediate bodies in F sub(1) and early BC testes and for their absence in the parental species. According to this hypothesis, each of the parental species harbors a similar but genetically distinct organism whose development is inhibited within its own host but not in a foreign host environment. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Degrugillier, ME AD - USDA-ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., State Univ. Stn., Fargo, N.D. 58105, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 77 EP - 88 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - symbionts KW - males KW - Heliothis KW - Heliothis subflexa KW - Lepidoptera KW - bacteria KW - testes KW - Noctuidae KW - electron microscopy KW - Heliothis virescens KW - microorganisms KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05200:Symbiosis & commensalism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16706873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Testicular+microorganisms+in+Heliothis%3A+Ultrastructure+and+distribution+in+H.+virescens%2C+H.+subflexa%2C+F+sub%281%29+hybrid%2C+and+backcross+males&rft.au=Degrugillier%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Degrugillier&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Heliothis subflexa; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; Heliothis; bacteria; testes; males; microorganisms; electron microscopy; symbionts ER - TY - CONF T1 - Enhanced root system C-sink activity, water relations and aspects of nutrient acquisition in mycotrophic Bouteloua gracilis subjected to CO sub(2) enrichment AN - 16706535; 3699916 AB - In order to better elucidate fixed-C partitioning, nutrient acquisition and water relations of prairie grasses under elevated [CO sub(2)], we grew the C sub(4) grass Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) lag ex Steud. from seed in soil-packed, column-lysimeters in two growth chambers maintained at current ambient [CO sub(2)] (350 mu L/L) and twice enriched [CO sub(2)] (700 mu L L super(-1)). Once established, plants were deficit irrigated; growth chamber conditions were maintained at day/night temperatures of 25/16 degree C, relative humidities of 35%/90% and a 14-hour photoperiod to simulate summer conditions on the shortgrass steppe in eastern Colorado. After 11 weeks of growth, plants grown under CO sub(2) enrichment had produced 35% and 65% greater total and root biomass, respectively, and had twice the level of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infection (19.8% versus 10.8%) as plants grown under current ambient [CO sub(2)]. The CO sub(2)-enriched plants also exhibited greater leaf water potentials and higher plant water use efficiencies. Plant N uptake was reduced by CO sub(2) enrichment, while P uptake appeared little influenced by CO sub(2) regime. Under the conditions of the experiment, CO sub(2) enrichment increased root biomass and VAM infection via stimulated growth and adjustments in C partitioning below-ground. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Morgan, JA AU - Knight, W G AU - Dudley, L M AU - Hunt, H W Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 139 EP - 146 VL - 165 IS - 1 KW - carbon dioxide KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - nutrient uptake KW - Bouteloua gracilis KW - mycorrhizas KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - grasses KW - water relations KW - water use KW - roots KW - nutrients KW - growth KW - A 01047:General KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16706535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Enhanced+root+system+C-sink+activity%2C+water+relations+and+aspects+of+nutrient+acquisition+in+mycotrophic+Bouteloua+gracilis+subjected+to+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment&rft.au=Morgan%2C+JA%3BKnight%2C+W+G%3BDudley%2C+L+M%3BHunt%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - White clover seed production: II. Soil and plant water status on yield and yield components AN - 16706418; 3700180 AB - White clover (Trifolium repens L.) seed yield is reduced by environmental conditions that favor vegetative growth and that consequently reduce flower density. White clover seed yields in western Oregon can be highly variable and often are low. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of soil and plant water status on white clover flower production, seed yield, and seed yield components. Five supplemental irrigation treatments were applied in 1990 and 1991 to first- and second-year white clover grown on a Woodburn silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixeroll) near Corvallis, OR. Seed yield in 1990 was greatest when water application was delayed until 68% of the available soil-water was used by the crop. This treatment restricted vegetative growth but maintained an even flush of flower production during the reproductive phase of growth. In 1991, all irrigation treatments yielded the same or less than the nonwatered control because vegetative stolon growth between the planted rows reduced the number of flowers produced by greater than 50%. In both years, a twice weekly irrigated treatment that matched evaporative demand increased vegetative growth and reduced seed yield. A single irrigation application later than the optimum 68% soil-water depletion increased total above ground phytomass, but decreased seed yield due to an interruption in flower production compared to irrigation at 68% soil-water depletion. Flower density was the yield component that most affected seed yield in both years. In 1990, effective control of soil-water depletion increased seed yield 69% and potential seed yield 4%, compared to the nonirrigated control. Under conditions that promote stolon development prior to the second reproductive season, aggressive vegetation management may be needed to increase inflorescence density and seed yield. JF - Crop Science AU - Oliva, R N AU - Steiner, J J AU - Young, WC III AD - Natl. Forage Seed Prod. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 768 EP - 774 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - water deficit KW - yield KW - seeds KW - plant water potential KW - environmental effects KW - irrigation KW - growth KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16706418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=White+clover+seed+production%3A+II.+Soil+and+plant+water+status+on+yield+and+yield+components&rft.au=Oliva%2C+R+N%3BSteiner%2C+J+J%3BYoung%2C+WC+III&rft.aulast=Oliva&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=768&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant water potential; seeds; soil water; water deficit; growth; yield; environmental effects; irrigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water status and development of the maize endosperm and embryo during drought AN - 16706254; 3700172 AB - Drought during grain filling decreases final kernel mass in maize (Zea mays L.). Lack of assimilates or an unfavorable water status within the embryo or endosperm could limit kernel development. To test these possibilities, remobilization of reduced C and N as well as kernel and embryo water status were measured in plants exposed to a water deficit during grain fill. Irrigation was withheld from field-grown plants after final kernel number was established. This treatment resulted in a soil moisture deficit of 224 mm and decreased endosperm and embryo mass by 16%, compared with controls. The water deficit shortened the effective filling period, but did not alter the rate of dry matter accumulation in either the endosperm or embryo. Carbohydrate reserves in leaf and stalk tissues as well as N stored in the leaves were remobilized to support kernel growth. However, grain filling ceased before these reserves were depleted completely. Grain filling continued in both well-watered and water-deficient plants until the moisture content of the endosperm and embryo decreased to 280 and 430 g/kg fresh wt., respectively. Water-deficient plants reached these values 10 d earlier because water loss from the endosperm began sooner after anthesis and maximum water content of the embryo was lower, compared with the controls. Kernel and embryo osmotic potentials ( psi sub(s)) decreased rapidly late in grain filling and were -2.2 to -2.6 MPa when growth ceased. The results indicate that kernel water status is affected directly by drought and may be an important determinant of kernel development. They suggest that a water deficit after anthesis shortens the duration of grain filling by causing premature desiccation of the endosperm and by limiting embryo volume. JF - Crop Science AU - Westgate, ME AD - USDA-ARS, North Central Soil Conserv. Res. Lab., North Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 76 EP - 83 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - kernels KW - endosperm KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water use KW - drying KW - irrigation effects KW - plant water potential KW - corn KW - growth KW - drought KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16706254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Water+status+and+development+of+the+maize+endosperm+and+embryo+during+drought&rft.au=Westgate%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Westgate&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant water potential; water use; drought; corn; irrigation effects; growth; drying ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial alpha -amylases from pond larvae attached to starch-plastic films AN - 16705671; 3699833 AB - Starch-containing plastic films exposed to a natural freshwater environment were shown previously to undergo significant depletion of the starch components. The culture media from a number of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria that had been collected from larvae attached to these films were found to have alpha -amylase activity. Levels of amylase activity increased with culture age. Most of the activity was found to be cell-associated, and correlated on starch zymograms with an activity at about 55 kDa, in the >50% ammonium sulfate fractionation sample. The pH optimum for these amylases was just at or slightly above neutral, with a temperature optimum of about 65 degree C. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Burgess-Cassler, A AU - Imam, SH AU - Kinney, M P AD - Biopolym. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 565 EP - 568 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - alpha -amylase KW - starch KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - plastics KW - bacteria KW - fresh water KW - films KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16705671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Microbial+alpha+-amylases+from+pond+larvae+attached+to+starch-plastic+films&rft.au=Burgess-Cassler%2C+A%3BImam%2C+SH%3BKinney%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Burgess-Cassler&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plastics; bacteria; fresh water; films ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Eh and pH on phosphorus geochemistry in sediments of Lake Okeechobee, Florida AN - 16705070; 3697203 AB - Increases in total P levels in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, have given rise to concern over eutrophication. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of redox potential and pH on the solubility of P in lake sediments. Bulk sediment samples were obtained from the mud zone of Lake Okeechobee and were equilibrated under controlled conditions at fixed Eh and pH levels. The pH levels evaluated were 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5; the Eh levels studied were 500, 250, 0, and -250 mV. Redox reactions were very important in the regulation of P in Lake Okeechobee sediments. Under oxidized conditions, soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations were low ( approximately 0.1 mg P/L), whereas under reducing conditions SRP increased to over 1 mg P/L. Soluble reactive P was extremely high (18 mg P/L) under acidic (pH 5.5), reducing (Eh < 0 mV) conditions. Water soluble Fe was highly correlated to water soluble P, implicating it as a possible agent governing P behavior. Sodium hydroxide-extractable P (Fe and Al bound) increased with increases in Eh, which indicated Fe phosphate precipitation or adsorption of P by Fe oxides or hydroxides. This was supported by mineral equilibria calculations, which showed porewaters were supersaturated with respect to strengite under oxidized conditions. Calcium-bound P was higher under reducing conditions. The results suggest that Fe phosphate precipitation controls the behavior of P in Lake Okeechobee sediments under oxidizing conditions, whereas Ca phosphate mineral precipitation governs P solubility under reducing conditions. These results also suggest that large fluxes of P from the sediment could occur if the lake water column were to experience low dissolved O sub(2) levels, due to the reduction and subsequent solubilization of ferric phosphate minerals in surficial sediments. Measurements of P fluxes from intact sediment cores and porewater SRP profiles taken in situ supported this hypothesis. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Moore, PA Jr AU - Reddy, K R AD - USDA-ARS, Agron. Dep., Plant Sci. 115, Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 955 EP - 964 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Eh KW - chemical limnology KW - chemical speciation KW - freshwater pollution KW - hydrogen ion concentration KW - oxidation-reduction potential KW - pH KW - pollutant persistence KW - pollution effects KW - redox potential KW - redox reactions KW - sediment chemistry KW - sediment-water interface KW - sediment-water interfaces KW - water pollution effects KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - sediments KW - water pollution KW - geochemistry KW - phosphorus KW - USA, Florida, Okeechobee L. KW - eutrophication KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16705070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Role+of+Eh+and+pH+on+phosphorus+geochemistry+in+sediments+of+Lake+Okeechobee%2C+Florida&rft.au=Moore%2C+PA+Jr%3BReddy%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=PA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=955&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sediment-water interface; redox reactions; phosphorus; redox potential; sediment chemistry; chemical limnology; freshwater pollution; eutrophication; sediments; pollutant persistence; chemical speciation; pollution effects; geochemistry; water pollution; pH; sediment-water interfaces; oxidation-reduction potential; hydrogen ion concentration; water pollution effects; USA, Florida, Okeechobee L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced maize (Zea mays L.) pericarp browning: Associations with insect resistance and involvement of oxidizing enzymes AN - 16704967; 3696609 AB - The kernel pericarp of a maize (Zea mays L.) inbred, Mp313E, that browns rapidly at milk stage when damaged and that is resistant to Aspergillus flavus Link and the dusky sap beetle Carpophilus lugubris Murray compared to a susceptible inbred, SC212M, was examined for differing oxidizing enzymes (peroxidases) and their substrate specificity. Additional pericarp enzymes were constitutively produced by the Mp313E inbred compared to the SC212M inbred, as indicated by gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. These enzymes oxidized relevent pericarp substrates such as ferulic acid. Similar results were seen with two varieties of maize containing the Ch mutant gene, which brown upon senescence in that enhanced oxidation of ferulic acid was seen in homogenates of browned pericarp compared to that which was cold-shocked and did not brown. Corn powder that was browned by mixing oxidizing enzymes with corn pericarp components ferulic acid and coumaric acid were typically less preferred/more toxic to caterpillars such as Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and sap beetles such as C. lugubris. Thus, enhanced browning of maize pericarp can promote resistance to insects and is at least partly influenced by the presence of oxidizing enzymes. This mechanism may also promote resistance to maize pathogens, including those that produce mycotoxins. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Dowd, P F AD - Mycotoxin Res. Unit, USDA/ARS, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2777 EP - 2804 VL - 20 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nitidulidae KW - Coleoptera KW - oxidation KW - enzymatic activity KW - pest resistance KW - Zea mays KW - Carpophilus lugubris KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16704967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+maize+%28Zea+mays+L.%29+pericarp+browning%3A+Associations+with+insect+resistance+and+involvement+of+oxidizing+enzymes&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2777&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Carpophilus lugubris; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae; pest resistance; oxidation; enzymatic activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life history of immature maize weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on corn stored at constant temperatures and relative humidities in the laboratory AN - 16704957; 3696611 AB - Life history of immature maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, was studied at 10-40 degree C and 43-76% RH. The optimal quantity of corn for minimizing density effects and the optimal observation frequency for minimizing disturbance effects were determined at 30 degree C and 75% RH. The quantity of corn (32-256 g) provided to five females ovipositing for 24 h did not affect duration of development, but the number of progeny produced increased asymptotically as the quantity of corn provided increased. Frequency of observation (from 1- to 14-d intervals) did not affect duration of development or number of progeny produced. Using moisture contents measured in the life history study, an equation was developed for predicting equilibrium moisture content of corn from temperature and relative humidity. Duration of immature development did not vary with sex, but did vary with test. This suggests that insect strain or chemical composition of the corn must be included as factors in a model predicting effects of environment on duration of immature development. Survival from egg to adult emergence was greatest at 25 degree C. Sex ratio of emerging adults did not differ from 1:1. The number of multiply-infested kernels was low at all environmental conditions, and survival from egg to adult emergence in these kernels averaged 18%. Maximum daily rate of fecundity, duration of development, and number of progeny produced were optimal at 30 degree C and 75% RH. An index of environmental suitability indicated that 30 degree C and 75% RH was the optimal environment for growth of maize weevil populations on corn. Implications of the results for managing maize weevil populations are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Throne, JE AD - Stored-Prod. Insects Res. and Dev. Lab., USDA-ARS, 3401 Edwin St., Savannah, GA 31405, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1459 EP - 1471 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - life history KW - Sitophilus zeamais KW - stored products KW - immature stages KW - relative humidity KW - Zea mays KW - Curculionidae KW - laboratories KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16704957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Life+history+of+immature+maize+weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+on+corn+stored+at+constant+temperatures+and+relative+humidities+in+the+laboratory&rft.au=Throne%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Throne&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Sitophilus zeamais; Curculionidae; Coleoptera; life history; immature stages; stored products; laboratories; relative humidity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of pocket gophers, bracken fern, and western coneflower on survival and growth of planted conifers AN - 16704703; 3697075 AB - This study was part of investigations on the Grand Fir Mosaic Ecosystem in northern Idaho that were undertaken because of poor regeneration success in harvested forests. Lack of regeneration appears to be related to high populations of northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), and western coneflower (Rudbeckia occidentalis). This study quantified the effects of four treatments on survival and growth of planted conifers: unweeded with gophers, weeded with gophers, unweeded without gophers, and weeded without gophers. Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), grand fir (Abies grandis), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) were planted at four study sites. After 3 years, Engelmann spruce and lodgepole pine had the lowest mortality from gophers, whereas grand fir and subalpine fir had the highest mortality. Most mortality caused by gophers occurred during the first summer and the first two winters after planting. Lodgepole pine was the tallest of the four species after 3 years; however, lodgepole pine appears to be susceptible to snow damage. Engelmann spruce is the recommended species for planting because of its good growth rate (even when growing with bracken fern and coneflower), low mortality from gophers, and its ability to withstand snowloads and senescing bracken fern. JF - Northwest Science AU - Ferguson, DE AU - Adams, D L AD - Intermt. Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 241 EP - 249 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Idaho KW - planting KW - survival KW - allelopathy KW - Thomomys talpoides KW - conifers KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16704703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+pocket+gophers%2C+bracken+fern%2C+and+western+coneflower+on+survival+and+growth+of+planted+conifers&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+DE%3BAdams%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thomomys talpoides; USA, Idaho; conifers; planting; survival; allelopathy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in the Heterodera glycines female index as affected by ten-year cropping sequences AN - 16704284; 3697055 AB - The objective of this experiment was to measure the change in female index (FI) of Heterodera glycines from bioassays on Bedford, Peking, PI 89772, and PI 90763 soybean (Glycine max) for 12 cropping sequence treatments over a 10-year period. Cropping sequences included continuous plantings of Forrest, Peking, and D72-8927 soybean (all resistant to race 3); Bedford, Nathan, and D75-10710 soybean (all resistant to races 3 and 14); a Bedford-corn (Zea mays) rotation; a rotation of Bedford, Essex (susceptible), and Forrest; and a 70:30 blend of Bedford and Forrest. The FI from bioassays with PI 89772 and PI 90763 decreased over time from 24.3 to 1.6 with treatments involving continuous Bedford, Nathan, and D75-10710 and the Bedford-corn rotation. The FI increased in bioassays using Bedford with treatments involving Bedford, Nathan, D75-10710, the Bedford-Forrest blend, and the two rotations. Results of this field experiment confirm greenhouse experiments in which reciprocal changes occur in FI on PI 89772 and PI 90673 compared with FI on Bedford. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Young, L D AD - USDA/ARS, Nematol. Res. 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN 38301-3201, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 505 EP - 510 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - glycine max KW - Heterodera glycines KW - females KW - abundance KW - D 04656:Nematodes KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16704284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+the+Heterodera+glycines+female+index+as+affected+by+ten-year+cropping+sequences&rft.au=Young%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heterodera glycines; glycine max; abundance; females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population fluctuations of three nematode genera in putting greens in northern Illinois AN - 16704257; 3697054 AB - Field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to examine the population fluctuation patterns of Tylenchorhynchus nudus, Criconemella curvata, and Helicotylenchus cornurus in mixed bentgrass and annual bluegrass putting greens on two golf courses near Chicago, Illinois, to determine if fluctuation patterns could be extrapolated to unsampled greens. Fenamiphos-treated and untreated plots were established on seven putting greens on two golf courses. Greens were sampled intensively five times during the growing season, and statistical comparisons of population levels per gram of root were made among dates for each green. Population levels per gram of root changed significantly on all greens in both years for each of the three nematode populations. Within a putting green in either year, population fluctuation patterns in fenamiphos-treated and untreated plots were similar. Population fluctuation patterns were different between years, however. Within a year, population fluctuation patterns among greens showed similarities indicating that carefully monitoring a few locations may allow extrapolation of population fluctuation data to other locations within that year. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Davis, R F AU - Kane, R T AU - Wilkinson, H T AU - Noel, G R AD - USDA-ARS, Nematodes, Weeds and Crops Res. Unit, Coast. Plain Exp. Stn., Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 522 EP - 530 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Illinois KW - population dynamics KW - Nematoda KW - fields KW - D 04656:Nematodes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16704257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Population+fluctuations+of+three+nematode+genera+in+putting+greens+in+northern+Illinois&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+F%3BKane%2C+R+T%3BWilkinson%2C+H+T%3BNoel%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nematoda; USA, Illinois; population dynamics; fields ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations and modeling of interactions between barley yield and evapotranspiration in the subarctic AN - 16704215; 3635971 AB - Management of cropping systems and conservation of water resources requires a knowledge of crop evapotranspiration (ET). Yet, ET from field-grown crops and the association among yield, ET, and water stress are virtually unknown in the subarctic region of North America. Irrigated and nonirrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) treatments were established in 1989 at Delta Junction and 1990 at Fairbanks, Alaska, to ascertain yield-ET relations and to validate a model which simulates relative yield (relative to potential yield) based on the transpiration (T) to potential transpiration (T sub(p)) ratio. Barley development, soil water content (by neutron attenuation), pan evaporation, precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, and global radiation were monitored at each location. Regression analysis indicated that grain yield increased 26 kg/ha for every mm of water evapotranspired over a range of 180 to 260 mm in seasonal ET. Modeled and measured available water in the soil profile and relative yield were in good agreement. Based on 9 years of measured barley yield and climate data at Fairbanks, modeled ET ranged from 120 to 250 mm and yield decreased as the modeled transpiration deficit (1 - T/T sub(p)) increased. This study indicated that water stress occurs frequently in the subarctic. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Sharratt, B S AD - USDA-ARS, North Cent. Soil Conserv. Res. Lab., North Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 109 EP - 119 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water stress KW - climatic data KW - water use KW - agricultural hydrology KW - subarctic zone KW - model studies KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - crop yield KW - evapotranspiration KW - USA, Alaska, Fairbanks KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16704215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Observations+and+modeling+of+interactions+between+barley+yield+and+evapotranspiration+in+the+subarctic&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; agricultural hydrology; evapotranspiration; crop yield; subarctic zone; soil-water-plant relationships; water use; climatic data; water stress; USA, Alaska, Fairbanks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical distribution of three nematode genera in a bentgrass putting green in central Illinois AN - 16704202; 3697053 AB - A study was conducted to determine the vertical distribution of Tylenchorhynchus nudus, Criconemella curvata, and Helicotylynchus cornurus in the upper 5 cm of bentgrass (Agrostis palustris cv. Penncross) putting green turf. The effect of fenamiphos on the vertical distribution of these species also was examined. Experimental design was a split-plot in which whole-plots were fenamiphos treated (0.11 kg a.i./100 m super(2)) or untreated, and sub-plots were two strata (depths of 0-2.5 cm and 2.5-5.0 cm). Soil samples were collected during the growing season for 2 years after treatment to determine root weight and number of nematodes. Root weight was greater in the upper stratum on all sampling dates in both years. When differences between strata in population density were observed, T. nudus, C. curvata, and H. cornurus were more concentrated in the upper stratum. Vertical distribution of T. nudus, C. curvata, and H. cornurus was similar to the distribution of root weight. The difference in population density of H. cornurus between upper and lower strata was affected by fenamiphos on some dates, whereas differences between strata were unaffected for T. nudus and C. curvata. Double arcsine transformed proportions of the total populations of T. nudus, C. curvata, and H. cornurus in the upper stratum on each sampling date indicated no differences between fenamiphos treated and untreated plots in 1989 or 1990. JF - Journal of Nematology AU - Davis, R F AU - Wilkinson, H T AU - Noel, G R AD - USDA-ARS, Nematodes, Weeds and Crops Res. Unit, Coast. Plain Exp. Stn., Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 518 EP - 521 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0022-300X, 0022-300X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Illinois KW - vertical distribution KW - Agrostis palustris KW - Nematoda KW - fields KW - D 04656:Nematodes KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16704202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.atitle=Vertical+distribution+of+three+nematode+genera+in+a+bentgrass+putting+green+in+central+Illinois&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+F%3BWilkinson%2C+H+T%3BNoel%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=518&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nematology&rft.issn=0022300X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nematoda; Agrostis palustris; USA, Illinois; fields; vertical distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of reproductive honey bee swarms to artificial nests by Nasonov pheromone AN - 16700153; 3635351 AB - A crossover experimental design was established to test the attractancy of Nasonov pheromone to reproductive swarms of honey bees. Nineteen swarms were attracted to artificial nest cavities containing a slow-release blend of the Nasonov components citral, geraniol, and nerolic + geranic acids, and only four swarms were attracted to pheromone-free artificial nests. The results indicate that Nasonov pheromone plays a key role in the attraction of honey bee swarms to nest cavities. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Schmidt, JO AD - Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1053 EP - 1056 VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Nasonov pheromone KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - nests KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - reproductive behavior KW - attractancy KW - swarming behavior KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16700153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+reproductive+honey+bee+swarms+to+artificial+nests+by+Nasonov+pheromone&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1053&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; attractancy; reproductive behavior; swarming behavior; nests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Permeabilization of Streptococcus thermophilus and the expression of beta-galactosidase AN - 16690268; 3698926 AB - Studies were carried out to determine the efficacy of several permeabilizing agents in inducing high-level expression of beta -galactosidase in Streptococcus thermophilus. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, sodium deoxycholate, and one commercial bile acid preparation were effective as membrane destabilizing agents allowing lactose influx and hydrolysis by cytoplasmic beta -galactosidase in treated cells. Cells exposed to Oxgall or Triton X-100 displayed 15 times higher levels of beta -galactosidase activity than control cells. Detergent treatment also induced extensive cell death or significant injury to cell populations resulting in long delays before resumption of growth. A permeabilized suspension of S. thermophilus corresponding to 10 super(8)cfu ml super(-1) released 87% of glucose available in a 5% lactose solution within 10 min at 50 degree C. JF - Enzyme and Microbial Technology AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Steinberg, D H AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 573 EP - 576 VL - 16 IS - 7 SN - 0141-0229, 0141-0229 KW - beta -galactosidase KW - permeabilization KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Streptococcus thermophilus KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16690268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Enzyme+and+Microbial+Technology&rft.atitle=Permeabilization+of+Streptococcus+thermophilus+and+the+expression+of+beta-galactosidase&rft.au=Somkuti%2C+G+A%3BSteinberg%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Somkuti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Enzyme+and+Microbial+Technology&rft.issn=01410229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus thermophilus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xylanolytic activities of Spirochaeta thermophila AN - 16689695; 3690529 AB - Spirochetes capable of degrading xylan or cellulose have not been commonly isolated, nor have their polysaccharolytic activities been characterized. Spirochaeta thermophila strain RI 19.B1 is xylanolytic and grows well at 65 degree C with oatspelt (OX), birchwood (BX), corncob (CCX-A) xylans, or glucuronoxylan (MGX) as the energy source. All xylans were extensively degraded and utilized during growth. About 72-82% of the initial hexuronic acids and 57-79% of initial pentoses disappeared during growth. S. thermophila possessed xylanase, xylosidase, and arabinofuranosidase enzyme activities. Low levels of these activities were detected with growth on glucose, but high expression of these activities occurred during growth on OX. All three activities were cell-associated and were more stable in cells than cell extracts. Xylan-degrading activities were measured with cells or cell extracts exposed (60 min) to a variety of temperatures (65 degree -85 degree C) and pHs (5.0-8.0). More than 50% loss of activities occurred at temperatures above 75 degree C. Although pH stability was affected by buffer, the optimal range was pH 6.5-7.5. These temperature and pH profiles for xylan-degrading activities coincide with those found for the growth of S. thermophila. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Hespell, R B AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., USDA/ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 343 EP - 347 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Spirochaeta thermophila KW - xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase KW - xylan xylosidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - thermal stability KW - lytic enzymes KW - pH KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16689695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Xylanolytic+activities+of+Spirochaeta+thermophila&rft.au=Hespell%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Hespell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lytic enzymes; thermal stability; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cesium-137, a way to confirm reservoir sedimentation estimates from water depth surveys AN - 16688286; 3690202 AB - Water depth surveys are the conventional way to determine sedimentation, but results from previous surveys must be relied upon to make the determination. Since most previous surveys have been conducted with methods that can not be duplicated, an indeterminable amount of uncertainty is introduced into survey results. Uncertainty occurred in sedimentation estimates for Lago Loiza, the 261 ha reservoir completed in 1953 which serves as the main water supply reservoir for San Juan, Puerto Rico. The reservoir has been investigated five times in the past with widely varying results. To alleviate confusion, a water depth survey was conducted in 1990 at the same time sediment core profiles were collected for dating with Cs-137, a fallout product of nuclear tests. The 1990 water depth survey compared to data of the original 1953 survey indicated a average sedimentation fill rate of 1.17 percent of the original volume of the reservoir annually since 1953. Cesium-137 analysis confirmed the survey rate indicating a rate of 1.15 percent per year since 1953. Cesium-137 also indicated average fill rates of 1.23 percent per year from 1953 to 1964 and 1.12 percent per year from 1964 to 1990. Study results indicate the most efficient way to obtain reliable estimates of sedimentation in an entire reservoir is to employ both methods. JF - Lake and Reservoir Management AU - McIntyre, S C AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Water Qual. Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 98 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0743-8141, 0743-8141 KW - Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico, San Juan KW - cesium KW - cesium radioisotopes KW - methodology KW - reservoirs KW - reservoirs (water) KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - data acquisition KW - sedimentation KW - Freshwater KW - water depth KW - radioactive tracers KW - surveys KW - radioisotopes KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16688286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=Cesium-137%2C+a+way+to+confirm+reservoir+sedimentation+estimates+from+water+depth+surveys&rft.au=McIntyre%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Abstract only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - radioactive tracers; water depth; data acquisition; sedimentation; surveys; radioisotopes; methodology; cesium radioisotopes; cesium; reservoirs; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An efficient technique for capturing swimming deer AN - 16687803; 3696113 AB - We developed a technique to capture Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) swimming to Clair Engle Reservoir in Trinity County, California. The materials required were inexpensive and readily available. Construction can be accomplished within 30 minutes, and three people can execute the technique. Pursuit time was less than 2 minutes and handling time of deer captured to attach radio-collars averaged 5.5 minutes (n = 8, SE = 0.6). The probability of pseudoreplicated data sets was reduced by capturing deer from groups moving independently of one another. The technique is an efficient method for capturing deer to attach radio-collars or ear-tags in areas where deer swim waterways. JF - California Fish and Game AU - Boroski, B B AU - McGlaughlin, P L AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2081 E. Sierra Ave., Fresno, CA 93710, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 36 EP - 42 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0008-1078, 0008-1078 KW - sonic tags KW - biotelemetry KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - tagging KW - Freshwater KW - Odocoileus hemionus columbianus KW - swimming KW - catching methods KW - swimming behavior KW - Y 25867:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16687803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.atitle=An+efficient+technique+for+capturing+swimming+deer&rft.au=Boroski%2C+B+B%3BMcGlaughlin%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Boroski&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.issn=00081078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; swimming behavior; catching methods; tagging; swimming; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetative cover for low level radioactive waste sites AN - 16687363; 3696004 AB - Low level radioactive waste (LLRW), hazardous, and mixed waste disposal sites normally require some form of plant material to prevent erosion of the soil cover cap. Waste disposal sites are closed and capped in a complex scientific manner to minimize water infiltration and percolation down into the waste material. Turf type grasses are normally used as the principal vegetative cover for most sites. Consequently, the sites require periodic mowing and other expensive annual maintenance practices. The purpose of the 5 year study was to evaluate alternative plant material for use on LLRW sites that can be quickly and easily established and economically maintained, retards water infiltration, provides maximum year-round evapotranspiration, is ecological acceptable and does not harm the closure cap. The results of the study suggest that two species of bamboo (Phyllostachys bissetii and Phyllostachys rubromarginata) could be utilized to quickly establish a long lived, low maintenance, final vegetative cover for the waste sites. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Salvo, S K AD - USDA Soil Conserv. Serv., 4405 Bland Rd., Raleigh, NC 27609, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 25 EP - 29 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - vegetation patterns KW - Phyllostachys bissetii KW - Phyllostachys rubromarginata KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - radioactivity KW - radioactive wastes KW - waste disposal sites KW - USA KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16687363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Vegetative+cover+for+low+level+radioactive+waste+sites&rft.au=Salvo%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Salvo&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; waste disposal sites; radioactivity; radioactive wastes; vegetation patterns ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships among enzyme activities and virulence parameters in Beauveria bassiana infections of Galleria mellonella and Trichoplusia ni AN - 16685887; 3635203 AB - The host range of the mycoinsecticide Beauveria bassiana includes the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni). Larvae of G. mellonella and T. ni were infected individually with five diverse strains of B. bassiana and mortality was followed over time. Mathematical analyses of these data indicated that the conventional parameter of LT sub(50) was the product of two strain-specific parameters that may be described as "onset" of mortality and subsequent "rate" of mortality. These parameters were compared with quantitative data on the production of enzymes from the same strains cultured in vitro on defined medium containing purified cuticle from either G. mellonella or T. ni. Levels of specific cuticle-degrading enzymes such as chitinase, chymoelastase, chymotrypsin, and esterase showed relationships with specific virulence parameters. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Gupta, S C AU - Leathers, T D AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AD - Biopolym. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 13 EP - 17 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - enzymatic activity KW - pathogenicity KW - enzymes KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - cuticles KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - biological control KW - mortality KW - virulence KW - Galleria mellonella KW - A 01014:Others KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16685887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Relationships+among+enzyme+activities+and+virulence+parameters+in+Beauveria+bassiana+infections+of+Galleria+mellonella+and+Trichoplusia+ni&rft.au=Gupta%2C+S+C%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BEl-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beauveria bassiana; Galleria mellonella; Trichoplusia ni; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; Noctuidae; pathogenicity; mortality; enzymatic activity; virulence; enzymes; biological control; cuticles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in unique runs of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River basin AN - 16683511; 3632669 AB - Electrophoretic data from California fish have been unable to provide within-basin resolution of genotypes at the temporal spawning-run level in the Central Valley chinook populations. In an effort to gain such resolution, we examined mtDNA polymorphisms in fish collected from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from 312 samples of fin tissue taken from 7 populations of Central Valley chinook. Six chinook mtDNA types were identified by sequencing a highly variable segment of the maternally inherited mitochondrial molecule. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Nielsen, J L AU - Tupper, D AU - Thomas, W K AD - USDA For. Serv., Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 882 EP - 884 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - USA, California, Sacramento-San Joaquin R. KW - anadromous migrations KW - biopolymorphism KW - mitochondrial inheritance KW - polymorphism KW - seasonality KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Genetics Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - river basins KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - subpopulations KW - DNA KW - USA, California KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08345:Genetics and evolution KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08443:Population genetics KW - G 07205:Mitochondria inheritance KW - D 04668:Fish KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16683511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+DNA+polymorphism+in+unique+runs+of+chinook+salmon+%28Oncorhynchus+tshawytscha%29+from+the+Sacramento-San+Joaquin+River+basin&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+J+L%3BTupper%2C+D%3BThomas%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=882&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biopolymorphism; anadromous migrations; river basins; subpopulations; DNA; seasonality; polymorphism; mitochondrial inheritance; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; USA, California; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Free-air CO sub(2) enrichment of cotton: Vertical and lateral root distribution patterns AN - 16681011; 3692297 AB - The objective of this investigation was to determine how free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) affects root distribution in a natural soil environment. For two years cotton was grown on a Trix clay loam under two atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations (370 and 550 mu mol mol super(-1)) and two water treatments [wet, 100% of evapotranspiration (ET) replaced and dry, 75% (1990) and 67% (1991) of ET replaced] at Maricopa, AZ. At early vegetative and mid-reproductive growth, 90 cm soil cores were taken at 0, 0.25, and 0.5 m perpendicular to row center; root variables were ascertained at three 30 cm depth increments. The effect of water stress alone or its interaction with CO sub(2) on measured variables during both samplings were rare and showed no consistent pattern. There was a significant CO sub(2) x position interaction for root length density at the vegetative stage (both years) and reproductive stage (1990 only); the positive effects of extra CO sub(2) were more evident at interrow positions (0.25 and 0.5 m). A CO sub(2) x depth x position interaction at the vegetative phase (1990) indicated that FACE increased root dry weight densities for the top soil depth increment at all positions and at the middle increment at the 0.5 m position. Similar trends were seen at the reproductive sampling for this measure as well as for root length density at both sample dates in 1990. In 1991, a CO sub(2) x depth interaction was noted at both periods; CO sub(2) enhancement of root densities (i.e., both length and dry weight) were observed within the upper and middle depths. Although variable in response, increases for root lineal density under high CO sub(2) were also seen. In general, results also revealed that the ambient CO sub(2) treatment had a higher proportion of its root system growing closer to the row center, both on a root length and dry weight basis. On the other hand, the FACE treatment had proportionately more of its roots allocated away from row center (root length basis only). Results from this field experiment clearly suggest that increased atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration will alter root distribution patterns in cotton. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Prior, SA AU - Rogers, H H AU - Runion, G B AU - Hendrey, G R Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 33 EP - 44 VL - 165 IS - 1 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - roots KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16681011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Free-air+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment+of+cotton%3A+Vertical+and+lateral+root+distribution+patterns&rft.au=Prior%2C+SA%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BHendrey%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uncertain climate change and the international policy response AN - 16680411; 3692201 AB - The implications of alternative policy responses to uncertain climate change are analyzed within the context of a simple dynamic economic model. The analysis emphasizes two sources of uncertainty that surround climate change - scientific uncertainty about how greenhouse gas emissions affect the climate and natural climatic variability. The analysis also incorporates an economy's ability to mitigate climate changes through emissions reductions as well as its ability to adapt to such changes through adjusting production decisions. While the model is very stylized, and excludes some broader issues of social optimality and the allocation of rights to resources across generations, basic implications of uncertainty in a dynamic world are highlighted that have not been previously discussed. These results suggest that analysts will have a difficult time trying to determine whether a certain emissions strategy improves economic efficiency - whether the benefits are greater than the costs - when uncertainty is explicitly incorporated into the analysis. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Larson, BA AU - Tobey, JA AD - Econ. Res. Serv., USDA, Room 537G, 1301 New York Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20005-4788, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 77 EP - 84 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - pollution avoidance KW - government policy KW - socioeconomic aspects KW - models KW - government policies KW - socioeconomics KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - international cooperation KW - climatic changes KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16680411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Uncertain+climate+change+and+the+international+policy+response&rft.au=Larson%2C+BA%3BTobey%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climatic changes; international cooperation; government policies; socioeconomics; pollution avoidance; government policy; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparisons of particulate emissions and smoke impacts from presettlement, full suppression, and prescribed natural fire periods in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness AN - 16679664; 3686379 AB - Total particulate matter (PM) emissions were estimated for recent fires (1979-1990) and the presettlement period (prior to 1935) in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness (SBW) in Idaho and Montana. Recent period emissions were calculated by 10-day periods for surface fire and crown fire based on estimates of percentage fuel consumption and emission factors applied to fuel models constructed for each of eight fire regime types. Presettlement emissions were derived from estimates of historical fire occurrence. The occurrence and duration of smoke episodes in a large adjoining valley were documented for a 30-year period (1960-1990). During the presettlement period, smoke emissions were 1.3 times greater than during the recent period. Dispersion modeling indicated that during presettlement, visibility averaged 25% less than during the recent period. Valley smoke episodes ranged from 2 to 10 days in length and were 1.3 times more likely to occur during the presettlement period. Regression analysis indicated that a valley smoke event was likely above a 10-day PM threshold of 1,500 Mg. Characteristics of smoke episodes were described for none, minor, moderate, and extreme smoke categories. Occurrence of smoke did not differ between periods of full fire suppression and prescribed natural fire management. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Brown, J K AU - Bradshaw, L S AD - USDA, For. Serv., Intermt. Res. Stn., Intermt. Fire Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 143 EP - 155 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - forest management KW - particulate pollution KW - wildfire KW - particulates KW - air quality KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - smoke KW - fires KW - USA, Idaho KW - USA, Montana KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16679664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Comparisons+of+particulate+emissions+and+smoke+impacts+from+presettlement%2C+full+suppression%2C+and+prescribed+natural+fire+periods+in+the+Selway-Bitterroot+Wilderness&rft.au=Brown%2C+J+K%3BBradshaw%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Idaho; USA, Montana; fires; smoke; particulates; air quality; forests; forest management; particulate pollution; wildfire ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasitism, adult emergence, sex ratio, and size of Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) on several aphid species AN - 16677465; 3690444 AB - Aphidius colemani Viereck parasitizes several economically important aphid pests of small grain crops including the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum and the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia. The ability of A. colemani to switch from S. graminum to several species of aphids common to agricultural and associated non-agricultural ecosystems in the Great Plains, and the effects of host-change on several biological parameters that influence population growth rate were determined. Female A. colemani parasitized and developed to adulthood in nine of 14 aphid species to which they were exposed in the laboratory. All small grain feeding aphids except Sipha flava were parasitized. Two sunflower feeding species (Aphis nerii and A. helianthi) and two crucifer feeding species (Lipaphis erysimi and Brevicoryne brassicae) were parasitized, as was the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. The average percentage of aphids parasitized differed significantly among host aphid species, as did the percentage of parasitoids surviving from the mummy to the adult stage and the time required for immature development. The sex ratio of adults that eclosed from the various hosts did not differ significantly among species. Dry weights of adult parasitoids differed significantly among host species. Adults from S. graminum weighed most (0.054 mg) while those emerging from A. helianthi weighed least (0.020 mg). Results are discussed in terms of strategies for classical biological control of aphid pests of cereals. JF - Great Lakes Entomologist AU - Elliott, N C AU - French, B W AU - Burd, J D AU - Kindler, S D AU - Reed, D K AD - USDA-ARS, SPA, Plant Sci. Res. Lab., 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 137 EP - 142 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0090-0222, 0090-0222 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aphididae KW - body size KW - sex ratio KW - emergence KW - Aphidiidae KW - parasitism KW - Aphidius colemani KW - Hymenoptera KW - Homoptera KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16677465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Parasitism%2C+adult+emergence%2C+sex+ratio%2C+and+size+of+Aphidius+colemani+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphidiidae%29+on+several+aphid+species&rft.au=Elliott%2C+N+C%3BFrench%2C+B+W%3BBurd%2C+J+D%3BKindler%2C+S+D%3BReed%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Lakes+Entomologist&rft.issn=00900222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphidius colemani; Homoptera; Aphididae; Hymenoptera; Aphidiidae; parasitism; emergence; sex ratio; body size ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 10(R)-hydroxystearic acid production by a novel microbe, NRRL B-14797, isolated from compost AN - 16677392; 3686009 AB - A bacterium, NRRL B-14797, isolated from composted manure, converted oleic acid exclusively to 10(R)-hydroxystearic acid in 3-day batch cultures. 9(Z)-Unsaturated fatty acids in a lipid extract from soybean soapstock were also hydrated effectively. Aerobic bioconversions by isolate B-14797 were compared with those by Pseudomonas B-2994 and Nocardia 5767, which produce mixtures of 10-hydroxy- and 10-ketostearic acids. The results of studies with resting cells and cell-free extracts were consistent with action of a hydratase and absence of secondary alcohol dehydrogenase in strain B-14797. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Kaneshiro, T AU - Huang, J-K AU - Weisleder, D AU - Bagby, MO AD - Oil Chem. Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS/USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 351 EP - 355 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - 10(R)-hydroxystearic acid KW - bioconversion KW - hydratase KW - oleic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16677392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=10%28R%29-hydroxystearic+acid+production+by+a+novel+microbe%2C+NRRL+B-14797%2C+isolated+from+compost&rft.au=Kaneshiro%2C+T%3BHuang%2C+J-K%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BBagby%2C+MO&rft.aulast=Kaneshiro&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of commercial immunoassays for the detection of alachlor in milk, eggs and liver AN - 16677183; 3687390 AB - For regulatory purposes, there is a need for rapid, uncomplicated, and inexpensive methods to monitor pesticide residues in food. Commercial immunoassay kits from 3 manufacturers were evaluated for the detection of alachlor in cow milk and urine, and one kit was chosen for assay of chicken eggs and livers. Milk and urine were analyzed after a 1:2 dilution in water, and a rapid extraction procedure was developed for eggs and liver samples. Assays of incurred samples were performed after dosing a cow and several chickens with alachlor. Alachlor was detected in milk and eggs, but not in livers from hens dosed up to 12 mg/kg body weight. The ELISA detection limits were 0.3 ng/mL in milk, 2 ng/g in eggs, and 3 ng/g in liver. The major drawback with the kits was the low cross-reactivity of the antibodies for some of the alachlor metabolites. JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART B: PESTIC., FOOD CONTAM., AGRIC. WASTES AU - Lehotay, S J AU - Miller, R W AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 395 EP - 414 VL - B29 IS - 3 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - alachlor KW - cattle KW - measuring methods KW - pesticides (organochlorine) KW - poultry KW - measuring techniques KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - food contamination KW - milk KW - immunoassays KW - eggs KW - liver KW - pesticides KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24136:Environmental impact KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16677183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+B%3A+PESTIC.%2C+FOOD+CONTAM.%2C+AGRIC.+WASTES&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+commercial+immunoassays+for+the+detection+of+alachlor+in+milk%2C+eggs+and+liver&rft.au=Lehotay%2C+S+J%3BMiller%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Lehotay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=B29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+B%3A+PESTIC.%2C+FOOD+CONTAM.%2C+AGRIC.+WASTES&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pesticides; immunoassays; milk; eggs; liver; cattle; measuring methods; food contamination; poultry; measuring techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non water-stressed baselines for sunflowers AN - 16672730; 3688531 AB - Effective use of the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) to quantify water stress requires knowledge of a non-stressed baseline (NWSB). This study was conducted to determine effects of plant population, plant development, leaf temperatures, canopy temperatures, and time of measurement on NWSB for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., "Triumph 560-A, 822B-R"). Measurements of canopy and single leaf temperatures were made with an infrared thermometer (IRT) throughout the growing season on plants in three populations (2.6, 5.3, and 7.9 plants/m super(2)) grown under full irrigation to provide a range of ground cover conditions. Plant population only affected NWSB based on canopy temperatures when leaf area index (LAI) was less than 2.0. Non water-stressed baselines based on single leaf temperatures were not affected by plant population. Slopes of NWSBs were similar during vegetative and flowering growth stages, but declined in absolute value during grain-filling. Non water-stressed baselines derived from midday temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) measurements were not different from NWSBs derived from diurnal measurements. Measurements of single leaves of sunflower plants made with an IRT can be used to evaluate water stress early in the growing season before canopy closure occurs, or in non-irrigated production areas where canopy closure may not occur, and during grain-filling when heads become very warm and disrupt canopy temperature measurements. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Nielsen, D C AD - USDA-ARS, Cent. Great Plains Res. Stn., P.O. Box 400, Akron, CO 80720, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 265 EP - 276 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - sunflower KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water stress KW - canopy KW - plants KW - baseline studies KW - irrigation KW - temperature KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16672730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Non+water-stressed+baselines+for+sunflowers&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water stress; plants; temperature; irrigation; canopy; baseline studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of recirculating surface water and biological filtration for aquaculture AN - 16671743; 3680635 AB - NASA Space research which gave us velcro and the microwave oven is now improving water quality and catfish production in Mississippi. Research on waste water treatment for long-term space travel uses plant roots as a filter. Now several towns in Mississippi and catfish farmer, Truman Roberts, have adapted this research to their needs. This paper will deal with the details of using various plant, "constructed wetlands" to filter Mr. Roberts catfish ponds and improve water quality. It will also discuss the cost of this type of operation compared to the conventional method of raising catfish in the Mississippi Delta. We are located in southeastern Mississippi, which is in the lower coastal plains. Our water supply is very limited and the cost of putting a deep will down is cost prohibitive. We need to look at alternative methods of utilizing water as we enter the 21st century. Therefore, we are using a constructed wetland to filter out various nutrients, and recycling the same water throughout the catfish ponds to improve water quality. We think we have a viable solution that will solve our problems of limited water supply and impaired water quality. The artificial wetlands not only improve water quality, but increase certain wildlife species drastically, such as: wood duck, blue and green wing teal, all types of non-game birds, and fur -bearing animals. JF - Lake and Reservoir Management AU - Thomas AU - Davis, W B AD - USDA, Soil Conserv. Serv., 701 N. Main St., Suite 323, Hattiesburg, MS 39401-3497, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 119 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0743-8141, 0743-8141 KW - Ictalurus KW - aquaculture effluents KW - biofiltration KW - biological filtration KW - constructed wetlands KW - fish culture KW - fish management KW - habitats KW - nutrients KW - pollution control KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - wastewater treatment KW - Freshwater KW - aquaculture KW - water quality control KW - water use KW - aquatic plants KW - fish ponds KW - wetlands KW - USA, Mississippi KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16671743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=Use+of+recirculating+surface+water+and+biological+filtration+for+aquaculture&rft.au=Thomas%3BDavis%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Abstract only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water use; wetlands; fish culture; wastewater treatment; aquaculture; aquatic plants; water quality control; fish ponds; aquaculture effluents; pollution control; nutrients; habitats; fish management; biofiltration; Ictalurus; USA, Mississippi; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic diversity in overwintered and non-overwintered Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Idaho AN - 16670959; 3678700 AB - The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), has two generations per year in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson) in Idaho, one that develops in pine slash in the spring and one that develops in live trees in the summer. The summer generation overwinters to produce the spring generation the following year. Non-overwintered and overwintered beetles were sampled from two sites. Average heterozygosity was significantly higher in overwintered beetles in both groups. While the proportion of homozygous individuals did not differ significantly between overwintered and non-overwintered beetles from either site, the proportion of heterozygous individuals was significantly greater after overwintering in beetles from one of the two sites. The increase in genetic diversity after overwintering is consistent with observations that heterozygosity is favored by severe environmental conditions. JF - Pan-Pacific Entomologist AU - Gast, S J AU - Stock, M W AD - USDA Forest Serv., 1201 Ironwood Dr., Coeur Alene, ID 83814, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 259 EP - 266 VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 0031-0603, 0031-0603 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - USA, Idaho KW - Ips pini KW - overwintering KW - genetic variance KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16670959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+in+overwintered+and+non-overwintered+Ips+pini+%28Say%29+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+in+Idaho&rft.au=Gast%2C+S+J%3BStock%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.issn=00310603&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ips pini; Coleoptera; Scolytidae; Pinus ponderosa; USA, Idaho; genetic variance; overwintering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of high-intensity wildfire and silvicultural treatments on reptile communities in sand-pine scrub AN - 16670646; 3674379 AB - We tested whether the herpetofaunal response to clearcutting followed by site preparation was similar to high-intensity wildfire followed by salvage logging in sandpine scrub. Herpetofaunal communities were compared in three replicated 5- to 7-year post-disturbance treatments and mature sand-pine forest. The three disturbance treatments were (1) high-intensity wildfire, salvage-logging, and natural regeneration; (2) clearcutting, roller-chopping, and broadcast-seeding; and (3) clearcutting and bracke-seeding. Animals were trapped over a 14-month period using pitfall traps with drift fences. Microhabitat features were measured along line transects. Because amphibian (frog) occurrence appeared to be unaffected by treatment, this paper focuses only on reptile communities. Six species of lizards and one snake species were numerically dominant. Reptile species richness, diversity, and evenness did not differ among treatments or mature forest. Species composition differed markedly, however, between mature forest and disturbance treatments. Typical open scrub species such as Cnemidophorus sexlineatus, Sceloporus woodi, and Eumeces egregius, were dominant in high-intensity burn, roller-chopped, and bracke-seeded stands but scarce in mature forest, and they were positively correlated with bare sand and other microhabitat features typical of open scrub. Conversely, Eumeces inexpectatus was most abundant in mature forest and was correlated with ground litter and other features typical of mature forest. With respect to the species sampled, especially the lizards (including endemic species) of open scrub, clearcutting appeared to mimic high-intensity wildfire followed by salvage-logging by creating microhabitat features such as bare sand. In a mirror image of the usual concept, forest maturation historically served as the fragmenting agent of an extensive open-scrub landscape matrix that was maintained by high-intensity wildfire. Hence, the patchwork of age classes created by current clearcutting patterns could serve as a barrier to lizard dispersal and impede metapopulation dynamics. The absence of a true control (unsalvaged burns) suggests caution in interpreting the results of this study. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Greenberg, CH AU - Neary, D G AU - Harris, L D AD - USDA For. Serv., Southeast. For. Exp. Stn., Intensive Manage. Pract. Assess. Cent., P.O. Box 14524, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1047 EP - 1057 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - scrub KW - Reptilia KW - wildfire KW - Pinus clausa KW - USA, Florida KW - clear cutting KW - community structure KW - population status KW - D 04670:Reptiles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16670646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+high-intensity+wildfire+and+silvicultural+treatments+on+reptile+communities+in+sand-pine+scrub&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH%3BNeary%2C+D+G%3BHarris%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reptilia; Pinus clausa; USA, Florida; community structure; population status; wildfire; clear cutting; scrub ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incompatibility conditioned by the Mla gene in powdery mildew of barley: Timing of the effect of cordycepin on hypersensitive cell death AN - 16670195; 3683258 AB - The effect of cordycepin, an inhibitor of mRNA synthesis, on the hypersensitive host cell death response (HR), was tested with epidermal tissues from barley coleoptiles containing the Mla gene for resistance, inoculated with incompatible race 3 of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. In untreated control tissues, HR occurred 18-30 h after inoculation in 61-91% of cells with haustoria. The percentage of HR was strongly reduced by cordycepin at 10-31 mu M but only if applied 4 h after inoculation or before; not if applied 8 h or later. Effective cordycepin treatments had no inhibitory effect on the development of germ tubes or appressoria and usually increased the development of haustoria and hyphae. The results indicate that mRNA required for the HR are synthesized in the host within the first 0-8 h after inoculation and that mRNA synthesis is not required thereafter. The timing of protein synthesis required for the HR in the host could not be determined because the inhibitors of protein synthesis used, blasticidin S and cycloheximide, inhibited parasite development at concentrations required to inhibit the HR. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Bushnell, W R AU - Liu, Z AD - Cereal Rust Lab., ARS-USDA, Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 389 EP - 402 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - Mla gene KW - coleoptiles KW - cordycepin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - hypersensitivity KW - Hordeum KW - Erysiphe graminis hordei KW - powdery mildew KW - mRNA KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16670195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Incompatibility+conditioned+by+the+Mla+gene+in+powdery+mildew+of+barley%3A+Timing+of+the+effect+of+cordycepin+on+hypersensitive+cell+death&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+W+R%3BLiu%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; hypersensitivity; powdery mildew; mRNA; Hordeum; Erysiphe graminis hordei ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of channel catfish in mixed sex and monosex pond culture AN - 16670175; 3680669 AB - Growth of male and female channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) was monitored for 6 months in triplicate 0.04-ha ponds (7500 fish/ha) stocked with mixed sexes (60-65% male), monosex males (90-98% male) or monosex females (98-100% female). Average weight and length and total weight were not different among treatment groups at any of the monthly samples. Harvest size of males was similar in ponds stocked with mixed sexes (mean plus or minus s.e.; 579 plus or minus 10 g and 324 plus or minus 2 mm, n = 184), monosex males (596 plus or minus 9 g and 326 plus or minus 2 mm, n = 282) and monosex females (607 plus or minus 48 g and 333 plus or minus 6 mm, n = 3), parallel to the pattern observed for females in ponds stocked with mixed sexes (474 plus or minus 10 g and 305 plus or minus 2 mm, n = 116), monosex males (458 plus or minus 21 g and 302 plus or minus 5 mm, n = 18) and monosex females (494 plus or minus 7 g and 311 plus or minus 1 mm, n = 297). Males were significantly heavier and longer than females in ponds with mixed sexes and with monosex males, but females and the small number of males in monosex female ponds were not statistically different in size. Feed conversion efficiencies were similar among treatment groups at each monthly sample, but the overall average for ponds with monosex males (0.743 plus or minus 0.01) was significantly higher than ponds with mixed sexes (0.670 plus or minus 0.02) and monosex females (0.676 plus or minus 0.01). Intrinsic growth patterns for both sexes were retained in monosex and mixed sex culture, demonstrating that the superior growth of males has a genetic component and is not due simply to more aggressive feeding behavior. The average weight of channel catfish harvested from monosex male ponds was about 8.5% higher than fish in mixed sex ponds and 15% higher than fish in monosex female ponds, suggesting that culture of monosex male channel catfish could provide an economic benefit. JF - Aquaculture AU - Goudie, CA AU - Simco, BA AU - Davis, K B AU - Carmichael, G J AD - USDA-ARS, Catfish Genet. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 97 EP - 104 VL - 128 IS - 1-2 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - fish culture KW - monosex culture KW - aquaculture techniques KW - aquaculture economics KW - Freshwater KW - fish ponds KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - pond culture KW - growth KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16670175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Growth+of+channel+catfish+in+mixed+sex+and+monosex+pond+culture&rft.au=Goudie%2C+CA%3BSimco%2C+BA%3BDavis%2C+K+B%3BCarmichael%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Goudie&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fish culture; monosex culture; aquaculture techniques; aquaculture economics; fish ponds; growth; pond culture; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clonal diversity in overwintering populations of Schizaphis graminum (Homoptera: Aphididae) AN - 16669121; 3678694 AB - The intergenic spacer region of the rRNA cistron was used as a molecular fingerprinting probe to study clonal diversity in Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). A high degree of clonal diversity was found in overwintering populations on wheat from Kansas, Texas and Oklahoma. Out of 184 individuals tested, 132 unique maternal lineages were identified. Overall, clonal diversity of overwintering populations was no less than in spring and summer populations. However, in some fields there were more instances where individuals of the same genotype were identified. By partitioning the total population diversity into various sampling components (fields, counties and states), 93.1% of the total diversity was found among individual S. graminum within fields. Overwintering of many genetically distinct clones as parthenogenetic morphs is one mechanism by which clonal diversity is maintained in populations of S. graminum. The incidence of clonal diversity further substantiates the importance of the S. graminum holocycle for generating genetic heterogeneity in the USA. JF - Bulletin of Entomological Research AU - Shufran, KA AU - Wilde, GE AD - USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 105 EP - 114 VL - 84 IS - 1 SN - 0007-4853, 0007-4853 KW - rRNA KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Schizaphis graminum KW - Aphididae KW - overwintering KW - clones KW - population genetics KW - USA KW - spacer region KW - Homoptera KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects KW - G 07290:Population genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16669121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Entomological+Research&rft.atitle=Clonal+diversity+in+overwintering+populations+of+Schizaphis+graminum+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29&rft.au=Shufran%2C+KA%3BWilde%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Shufran&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Entomological+Research&rft.issn=00074853&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Schizaphis graminum; Homoptera; Aphididae; USA; clones; population genetics; overwintering; spacer region ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of AT-125 on the metabolism of propachlor and the glutathione conjugates of propachlor and bromobenzene in rat AN - 16669046; 3689656 AB - Dosing rats with the gamma -glutamyl-transpeptidase inhibitor AT-125 results in the excretion of free glutathione in the urine of rat: this treatment did not lead to the excretion of glutathione conjugates of orally dosed xenobiotics, neither did AT-125 increase the biliary excretion of glutathione conjugates. Dosing rat with AT-125 prior to dosing with 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide decreased the excretion of 2-methylsulphonylacetanilide metabolites from 23% of the dose to <0.5%. We conclude that glutathione and glutathione-xenobiotic conjugates are probably not processed in vivo by the same pathway, and that AT-125 can alter the in vivo transport of mercapturic acid pathway metabolites. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Bakke, JE AU - Larsen, G L AU - Davison, K L AD - USDA-ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 909 EP - 919 VL - 24 IS - 9 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - AT-125 KW - propachlor KW - bromobenzene KW - glutathione KW - rats KW - gamma -glutamyltransferase KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - inhibitors KW - metabolism KW - herbicides KW - urine KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16669046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Effect+of+AT-125+on+the+metabolism+of+propachlor+and+the+glutathione+conjugates+of+propachlor+and+bromobenzene+in+rat&rft.au=Bakke%2C+JE%3BLarsen%2C+G+L%3BDavison%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Bakke&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolism; inhibitors; urine; herbicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing the prescribed natural fire program with presettlement fires in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness AN - 16668876; 3674352 AB - The severity and extent of recent fires (1979-1990) were compared with that of presettlement fires (pre-1935) by eight major forest types in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness (SBW) in Idaho and Montana. Presettlement fire intervals were determined for estimating area burned. Presettlement annual area burned for the entire SBW was 4,290 ha by stand replacement fire and 4,310 ha by nonlethal understory fire. All recent period fires>4 ha were mapped using a GIS system. Area burned was determined by the fire severity classes: crowning, lethal surface, nonlethal surface, and no burning. Annual area burned averaged 2,780 ha by stand replacement and 2,270 by understory fire. Area burned during presettlement was 1.7 times that during the recent period. During the presettlement period, area burned by stand replacement and nonlethal understory fire was 1.5 and 1.9 times greater respectively than during the recent period. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Brown, J K AU - Arno, S F AU - Barrett, S W AU - Menakis, J P AD - Intermt. Res. Stn., USDA For. Serv., P. O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 157 EP - 168 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - ecosystem analysis KW - wildfire KW - forest management KW - USA, Idaho KW - USA, Montana KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04150:High altitude environments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16668876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Comparing+the+prescribed+natural+fire+program+with+presettlement+fires+in+the+Selway-Bitterroot+Wilderness&rft.au=Brown%2C+J+K%3BArno%2C+S+F%3BBarrett%2C+S+W%3BMenakis%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Montana; USA, Idaho; forest management; wildfire; ecosystem analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overseas and quarantine research on biological control of aquatic plants AN - 16668121; 3676339 AB - Many foreign surveys for biological control agents of aquatic plants have been conducted in the past 35 years since the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the United States Department of Agriculture began cooperative research studies. The first survey was conducted in 1964 in south America for biological control agents of alligatorweed, Althernanthera philoxeroides, and water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes. Since then, foreign surveys have been conducted in over twenty-five countries by contracted foreign researchers and United States researchers from many agencies. Target weeds have included hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata, Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum, water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes, Melaleuca, Melaleuca quinquenervia and Brazilian pepper tree, Schinus terebinthefolius. Screening of potential candidates was done in their native countries and quarantine facilities in the United States to determine their safety for release as biological control agents. Through the cooperative efforts of the Army Corps of Engineers, the USDA, and many universities and state agencies twelve insects have been released and established in the United States as biological control agents of the previously mentioned plants. JF - Lake and Reservoir Management AU - Bennett, CA AD - USDA/ARS, Aquat. Plant Manage. Lab., 1911 Southwest 34th St., Gainesville, FL 32614-7100, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 56 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0743-8141, 0743-8141 KW - Insecta KW - aquatic weed control KW - biocontrol KW - biological control KW - control agents KW - foreign research KW - insects KW - introduced species KW - plant control KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - surveys KW - weeds KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16668121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=Overseas+and+quarantine+research+on+biological+control+of+aquatic+plants&rft.au=Bennett%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Abstract only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; plant control; aquatic plants; surveys; weeds; introduced species; biocontrol; aquatic weed control; insects; foreign research; Insecta; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioaerosols associated with composting facilities AN - 16667070; 3681660 AB - Composting is one of the major treatment processes used to transform wastes into agriculturally useful products. The potential health risks associated with exposure to biological aerosols (hereafter referred to as bioaerosols) generated from the processing and handling of composted organic materials are a major concern in jurisdictions evaluating existing compost installations or planning new ones. Bioaerosols of concern during composting are like those from other organic dusts and they consist of microorganisms (actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi), arthropods, protozoa and organic constituents of microbial and plant origin. Major concerns are the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (AF), cell walls of gram-negative bacteria (endotoxins), beta -1,3 glucans from the cell walls of fungi and mycotoxins. These biological materials are found in aerosols generated from a wide variety of organic wastes including grass clippings, wood chips, food and household wastes, agricultural wastes and sewage sludge. This report describes the dispersion of inhalable organic dust in and around composting facilities as well as the possible health effects of the microbial constituents as they relate to infection, allergy, inflammation and annoyance. JF - Compost Science & Utilization AU - Millner, P D AU - Olenchock, SA AU - Epstein, E AU - Rylander, R AU - Haines, J AU - Walker, J AU - Ooi, B L AU - Horne, E AU - Maritato, M AD - USDA-ARS, Soil Microbial Syst. Lab., Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 8 EP - 57 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1065-657X, 1065-657X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - endotoxins KW - composting KW - waste treatment KW - fungi KW - organic wastes KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - dust KW - aerosols KW - pollution dispersion KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16667070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.atitle=Bioaerosols+associated+with+composting+facilities&rft.au=Millner%2C+P+D%3BOlenchock%2C+SA%3BEpstein%2C+E%3BRylander%2C+R%3BHaines%2C+J%3BWalker%2C+J%3BOoi%2C+B+L%3BHorne%2C+E%3BMaritato%2C+M&rft.aulast=Millner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.issn=1065657X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus fumigatus; composting; waste treatment; fungi; aerosols; organic wastes; dust; pollution dispersion; endotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal variation of sap beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) populations in central Illinois cornfield-oak woodland habitat and potential influence of weather patterns AN - 16663883; 3667584 AB - Species of sap beetles present at a central Illinois cornfield-oak woodland habitat were determined by spring to fall collections from can traps baited with fermenting wheat dough and banana. Carpophilus lugubris Murray was the dominant species. Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say) and Stelidota geminata (Say) were also collected frequently. Other species collected commonly were C. antiquus Melsheimer, C. freemani Dobson, and Colopterus truncatus Randall, which were generally encountered only in the early spring and late fall. Peak collections of C. lugubris were in late April, early June, and throughout the fall. A similar trend was noted for G. quadrisignatus, but S. geminata only had late spring and fall peaks. The peaks occurred at fairly consistent intervals over all 3 yr for G. quadrisignatus and S. geminata, but the spring first generation peak for C. lugubris was retarded by 3-4 wk during 1988. This change in population distribution might have resulted from the long dry period that occurred during this time. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Dowd, P F AU - Nelsen, T C AD - Natl. Cent. Agric. Utiliz. Res., USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1215 EP - 1223 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1045-1356, 1045-1356 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nitidulidae KW - population levels KW - Coleoptera KW - USA, Illinois KW - weather KW - seasonal variations KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16663883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+variation+of+sap+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Nitidulidae%29+populations+in+central+Illinois+cornfield-oak+woodland+habitat+and+potential+influence+of+weather+patterns&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F%3BNelsen%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=10451356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitidulidae; Coleoptera; USA, Illinois; seasonal variations; population levels; weather ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of fire and its management on southwestern (USA) fishes and aquatic habitats AN - 16662304; 3676525 AB - Based on case histories from 5 headwater streams on two National Forests in Arizona and New Mexico, the effects of naturally-caused wildfire on aquatic habitats, fishes and their food supply may be marked and long-lasting. Hydrologic events following recent (1989-1990) wildfires in Arizona and New Mexico effectively extirpated two population of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), one of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and one of Gila trout (O. gila). Aquatic macroinvertebrates densities effectively declined to zero within a month after the Dude Fire, and diversities 25 to 70% a year later. Trout re-introduced one year after the fire declined 85 to 97% in a two-year period. Suppression of fire in forests of the Southwest has resulted in increased fuel loading on watersheds and more large, hot, crowing wildfires. Removal of 60% of more of forest vegetation, extensive exposure of bare soil, and large accumulations of ash, followed by annual summer monsoon storms (July-September), result in flow events that have a high probability of totally removing a stream fish population and/or dramatically altering a potential food source, aquatic macroinvertebrates. JF - Lake and Reservoir Management AU - Rinne, J H AD - USDA, For. Serv., Rocky Mountain For. Range Exp. Stn., Southwest For. Sci. Complex, 2500 S. Pineknoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 108 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0743-8141, 0743-8141 KW - Salmonidae KW - aquatic communities KW - aquatic habitats KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - ecosystem resilience KW - environmental impact KW - fire KW - foods KW - forest fires KW - headwaters KW - macroinvertebrates KW - trout KW - vegetation cover KW - water pollution effects KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Southwest KW - erosion KW - fish KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - soil erosion KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16662304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+fire+and+its+management+on+southwestern+%28USA%29+fishes+and+aquatic+habitats&rft.au=Rinne%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Rinne&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Abstract only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecosystem resilience; aquatic communities; erosion; fish; environmental impact; vegetation cover; ecosystem disturbance; soil erosion; fire; headwaters; aquatic habitats; foods; water pollution effects; macroinvertebrates; trout; forest fires; Salmonidae; USA; USA, Southwest; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Streamflow generation on a small agricultural catchment during autumn recharge: I. Nonstormflow periods AN - 16661538; 3663342 AB - Some sources and controls on nonstorm streamflow from a 19.8 ha agricultural hill land catchment located in east-central Pennsylvania were hypothesized and identified based on super(18)O, Si, NO sub(3), Cl and SO sub(4) concentration patterns. Streamflow, springflow, soil water, seepage and shallow groundwater were sampled routinely from 16 October to 20 November 1989, which included three storms (17-20 October, 9 November and 14 November). The first storm caused this catchment to shift from a low to high flow regime typical of the late autumn period. The chemical patterns in streamflow followed a three-part sequence - stormflow, early post-storm drain-down period, and subsequent post-storm base flow period. The stormflow period was characterized by dilution of NO sub(3), Cl, SO sub(4), Si and super(18)O, whereas the highest NO sub(3), Cl and SO sub(4) concentrations and flow rates occurred during the early post-storm period, suggesting that additional subsurface sources were temporarily activated by the storms. The chemical patterns and concentrations during base flow periods tended to be similar irrespective of preceding rainfall, which suggests that subsurface storage is a key control on streamflow chemistry. Nonstorm streamflow included discharge from springs, and near-stream seepage, and groundwater sampling sites located upstream. The spring and stream chemistry were most similar, but differed from the shallow groundwater and seepage, which were nearly twice as concentrated in NO sub(3). Thus, these sampling sites did not represent all nonstorm streamflow sources. The chemical indices most useful for characterizing the sources and behavior of nonstorm streamflow were NO sub(3) (agricultural land), SO sub(4), Cl and NO sub(3) (storm-activated subsurface source areas), SO sub(4) (spring contributions), Cl and super(18)O (dilution or mixing), Si (geochemically controlled and stable - latter nonstorm period; dilution controlled - storm period; kinetically controlled - early post-storm). The ratios of these chemical parameters were examined as indices; Si/Cl and SO sub(4)/NO sub(3) were the most interesting and provided additional tools and insights for characterizing hydrologic source areas. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Pionke, H B AU - DeWalle AD - USDA-ARS, 101 U.S. Reg. Pasture Res. Lab., Curtin Rd., Univ. Park, PA 16802-3702, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 22 VL - 163 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - water storage KW - groundwater recharge KW - storm water KW - streamflow KW - agricultural runoff KW - water sampling KW - geochemistry KW - catchment areas KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16661538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Streamflow+generation+on+a+small+agricultural+catchment+during+autumn+recharge%3A+I.+Nonstormflow+periods&rft.au=Pionke%2C+H+B%3BDeWalle&rft.aulast=Pionke&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - streamflow; catchment areas; storm water; agricultural runoff; water sampling; geochemistry; groundwater recharge; hydrology; water storage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expansion of response surface models for the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to include sodium nitrite as a variable AN - 16661220; 3670003 AB - The previously published (Buchanan et al., 1993) response surface models for estimating the aerobic and anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a function of temperature, initial pH, and sodium chloride content have been expanded to include sodium nitrite as a further variable. A fractional factorial design was employed to quantitate the effect of NaNO sub(2) in conjunction with the four other variables by culturing a three-strain mixture in brain heart infusion broth. The activity of NaNO sub(2) was strongly pH-dependent, with inhibition being significant at pH values less than or equal to 5.5 and enhanced by lowering the incubation temperature. The effects of the variables on Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth kinetics were modeled by response surface analysis using quadratic and cubic polynomial models of the natural logarithm transformation of both the Gompertz B and M parameters (Gompertz parameters) and the lag phase duration (LPD) and generation time (GT) values (kinetics parameters) calculated for individual growth curves. All models provided reasonable estimates for most variable combinations; however, comparisons of predicted versus observed values indicated that overall the most useful models were the cubic models based on LPD and GT values. Although additional validation of the models is required, comparisons of predicted times to a 1000-fold increase in population density against those calculated from previously published growth studies indicate that the models are an effective means for acquiring 'first estimates' of the growth characteristics of E. coli O157:H7. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Bagi, L K AD - Microb. Food Saf. Res. Unit, Eastern Regl. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 317 EP - 332 VL - 23 IS - 3-4 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - O157:H7 KW - predictive microbiology KW - nitrite KW - temperature KW - sodium nitrite KW - sodium chloride KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - meat products KW - Escherichia coli KW - mathematical models KW - pH KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16661220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Expansion+of+response+surface+models+for+the+growth+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+to+include+sodium+nitrite+as+a+variable&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BBagi%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Predictive Modelling. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; mathematical models; meat products; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Damage and recovery in southern Sierra Nevada foothill oak woodland after a severe ground fire AN - 16658464; 3669179 AB - Mortality, epicormic sprouting, basal sprouting, and fire scar formation were evaluated in 148 tagged oak trees in a blue oak woodland in Sequoia National Park, California, for two years after a severe ground fire. Fire-caused mortality was low 6% in Quercus douglasii and 11% in Quercus wislizenii. Epicormic sprouts developed in 65% of Q. douglasii and were most frequent in trees with more than 50% of the crown scorched. Quercus wislizenii showed less epicormic sprouting but developed basal sprouts more frequently. New fire scars developed on a majority of the Q. douglasii trees, even in areas of low fire intensity. Despite the severity of the fire, Quercus douglasii crown recovery was almost complete within two years of the fire. Quercus wislizenii was reduced in importance on the site but will regain in canopy cover as basal sprouts develop from shrub form into trees. JF - Madrono AU - Haggerty, P K AD - For. Sci. Lab., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., USDA For. Serv., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 185 EP - 198 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0024-9637, 0024-9637 KW - regeneration KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Quercus douglasii KW - fires KW - mortality KW - USA, California KW - Quercus wislizenii KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - H SE8.27:FIRES IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16658464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Madrono&rft.atitle=Damage+and+recovery+in+southern+Sierra+Nevada+foothill+oak+woodland+after+a+severe+ground+fire&rft.au=Haggerty%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Haggerty&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Madrono&rft.issn=00249637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus douglasii; Quercus wislizenii; USA, California; fires; mortality; regeneration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptation in intermittently flooded swamps by Anopheles quadrimaculatus species C1 (Diptera: Culicidae) AN - 16657104; 3661888 AB - Anopheles quadrimaculatus species C1 is a member of the recently described A. quadrimaculatus complex and has been collected from temporary pools in intermittently flooded swamps in north Florida. We examined the hypothesis that species C1 uses persistence in the eggs stage as a survival strategy. Species C1 larvae appeared in 40 of 153 samples of dry substrate collected from the floor of four in intermittently flooded swamps and flooded with distilled water. Cohorts of first-instar species C1 were collected from temporary pools < 24 h after the pools formed and at the same time as first instars of the floodwater mosquitoes Aedes infirmatus and Psorophora ferox appeared. In the laboratory, eggs of species C1 were successfully hatched after storage for up to 28 d on moist filter paper. Survival of species C1 eggs allows this species to exploit a niche used by floodwater mosquitoes. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Jensen, T AU - Kaiser, P AU - Barnard AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1150 EP - 1154 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1045-1356, 1045-1356 KW - temporary ponds KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - flooding KW - USA, Florida KW - disease transmission KW - Culicidae KW - adaptations KW - Anopheles quadrimaculatus KW - Freshwater KW - ecological distribution KW - swamps KW - habitat selection KW - Diptera KW - public health KW - niches KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08301:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16657104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Adaptation+in+intermittently+flooded+swamps+by+Anopheles+quadrimaculatus+species+C1+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29&rft.au=Jensen%2C+T%3BKaiser%2C+P%3BBarnard&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=10451356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flooding; disease transmission; ecological distribution; habitat selection; swamps; temporary ponds; adaptations; niches; public health; Culicidae; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; Diptera; USA, Florida; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment of Urophora sirunaseva (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae) for biological control of yellow starthistle in the western United States AN - 16656360; 3661419 AB - Urophora sirunaseva (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a capitulum-galling natural enemy of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis (Asteraceae). The fly was first introduced into the United States for biological control of yellow starthistle in the mid-1980s. As of 1992, field establishment of U. sirunaseva is known from California (five sites), Oregon (six sites), and Washington (one site). Field sample data for four populations of U. sirunaseva from California and Oregon in 1992 yielded a range of galled host capitula from 22.1 to 44.0%, and a range of mean galls per galled capitulum from 1.8 to 2.1. JF - Pan-Pacific Entomologist AU - Turner, CE AU - Sobhian, R AU - Joley, D B AU - Coombs, E M AU - Piper, G L AD - USDA-ARS, Western Reg. Res. Cent., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 206 EP - 211 VL - 70 IS - 3 SN - 0031-0603, 0031-0603 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Centaurea solstitialis KW - biological control KW - weed control KW - Urophora sirunaseva KW - Tephritidae KW - USA KW - Diptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16656360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+Urophora+sirunaseva+%28Hering%29+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+for+biological+control+of+yellow+starthistle+in+the+western+United+States&rft.au=Turner%2C+CE%3BSobhian%2C+R%3BJoley%2C+D+B%3BCoombs%2C+E+M%3BPiper%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.issn=00310603&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Centaurea solstitialis; Urophora sirunaseva; Diptera; Tephritidae; USA; biological control; weed control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - BIOCONTROL-PARASITE: Parasitoid-host and crop loss assessment simulation model AN - 16655890; 3658121 AB - A model (BIOCONTROL-PARASITE) that simulates host and parasitoid population interactions, parasitism rates, and plant damage is described. BIOCONTROL-PARASITE can simulate many different species of phytophagous insects, parasitoids, and plants because specifics of the insect and plant biology are entered through menus at the beginning of a simulation. Augmentative releases of egg and nymphal parasitoids also can be simulated. The accuracy of BIOCONTROL-PARASITE predictions was tested by comparing them with field estimates of Lygus hesperus (Knight), in an alfalfa agroecosystem with Anaphes iole (Girault), and Leiophron uniformis (Gahan) as egg and nymphal parasitoids, respectively. BIOCONTROL-PARASITE predicted L. hesperus nymphal and adult populations, egg and nymphal parasitism rates, and plant state with reasonable accuracy. Simulations with and without parasitoids predicted that egg and nymphal parasitoid populations created by way of augmentative releases would reduce the L. hesperus population, but would not greatly decrease feeding damage and subsequent loss of alfalfa seed. Simulations predicted that releasing both egg and nymphal parasitoids would decrease L. hesperus egg, nymphal, and adult populations slightly below levels achieved by releasing only egg parasitoids. Estimates of seed yields from simulations with and without L. hesperus indicated that about one-third of the alfalfa seed crop would be eaten by L. hesperus. Using BIOCONTROL-PARASITE as a tool for identifying parasitoid species that might be candidates for mass rearing and release as biocontrol agents and to test the applicability and realism of data collected from laboratory experiments of host-parasitoid interactions is discussed. The assumptions and limitations of the model also are described. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - DeGrandi-Hoffman, G AU - Diehl, J AU - Li, D AU - Flexner, L AU - Jackson, G AU - Jones, W AU - Debolt, J AD - Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1045 EP - 1060 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1045-1356, 1045-1356 KW - host KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - models KW - biological control KW - parasitoids KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16655890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=BIOCONTROL-PARASITE%3A+Parasitoid-host+and+crop+loss+assessment+simulation+model&rft.au=DeGrandi-Hoffman%2C+G%3BDiehl%2C+J%3BLi%2C+D%3BFlexner%2C+L%3BJackson%2C+G%3BJones%2C+W%3BDebolt%2C+J&rft.aulast=DeGrandi-Hoffman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=10451356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; parasitoids; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regeneration patterns in canopy gaps of mixed-oak forests of the southern Appalachians: Influences of topographic position and evergreen understory AN - 16655759; 3657114 AB - Canopy gaps in southern Appalachian mixed-oak forests were assessed for the effects of topographic, gap and stand variables on density of wood seedlings. Seedling density was significantly correlated with percent slope and positively with gap age (1-5 yr). Density varied substantially among topographic positions and increased with gap size. Species richness decreased over time and increased with gap size. Regeneration was dominated by Acer rubrum L. Other important species included Quercus coccinea Muench., Q. rubra L., Q. velutina Lamarck, Liriodendron tulipifera L. and Cornus florida L. Some known gap species increased in density with increasing gap size. Competitive inhibition effects of the evergreen understory (Rhododendron maximum L. and Kalmia latifolia L.) were also examined. Gaps containing over 50% cover of R. maximum had significantly lower densities than all other gaps, including gaps with >50% K. latifolia cover. Height distributions of major regenerating species were skewed away from small (<15 cm) height classes. Species establishment was a function of gap area, gap age, topographic position and cover of R. maximum. In addition, species of varying degrees of tolerance of understory conditions are capable of establishment in small to medium size canopy openings in the absence of an evergreen shrub understory. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Clinton, B D AU - Boring, L R AU - Swank, W T AD - USDA SE Forest Exp. Stn., Coweeta Hydrol. Lab., Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 308 EP - 319 VL - 132 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - undergrowth KW - USA, Appalachian Mts. KW - regeneration KW - Quercus KW - canopies KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16655759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Regeneration+patterns+in+canopy+gaps+of+mixed-oak+forests+of+the+southern+Appalachians%3A+Influences+of+topographic+position+and+evergreen+understory&rft.au=Clinton%2C+B+D%3BBoring%2C+L+R%3BSwank%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; USA, Appalachian Mts.; forests; canopies; undergrowth; regeneration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature influences functional response of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitizing maize weevil larvae in shelled corn AN - 16655525; 3661709 AB - The functional response of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) attacking Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky on shelled corn was measured at constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35 degree C. Separate random parasite equations (Rogers, D. J. 1972. Random search and insect population models. J. Anim. Ecol. 41:369-383) were fit to the number of progeny produced in 1 d. Temperature was incorporated into Rogers' equation by making both the attack coefficient (a) and handling time (T sub(h)) functions of temperature. The attack coefficient was fitted as an exponential function and handling time as an inverse function of temperature. The resulting four-parameter composite model fit the data as well as the separate Rogers' equations, although the predicted functional response plateau at temperatures > 20 degree C tended to be lower than those of the Rogers' equations. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Smith, L AD - Stored-Prod. Insects Res. and Dev. Lab., USDA-ARS, 3401 Edwin St., Savannah, GA 31405, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 849 EP - 855 VL - 87 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - temperature KW - functional response KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Zea mays KW - Hymenoptera KW - Coleoptera KW - Anisopteromalus calandrae KW - Sitophilus zeamais KW - models KW - parasitism KW - Curculionidae KW - Pteromalidae KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Y 25843:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16655525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Temperature+influences+functional+response+of+Anisopteromalus+calandrae+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%29+parasitizing+maize+weevil+larvae+in+shelled+corn&rft.au=Smith%2C+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Anisopteromalus calandrae; Sitophilus zeamais; Pteromalidae; Hymenoptera; Curculionidae; Coleoptera; parasitism; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency of seedlings from natural self-fertilization in Pacific Northwest ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) AN - 16655382; 3661658 AB - Phenotypic mutant markers were used to estimate natural selfing (S) in 112 trees in 4 regions of the Pacific Northwest: 1) Siskiyou Mountains in southwest Oregon, 2) east side of the Cascade in Oregon, 3) Ochoco Mountains east of the Cascades in Oregon, and 4) east side of the Cascades near Wenatchee, Washington. In region 2, stands were classified by whether they were part of the main distribution, part of the forest-high desert ecotone, or disjunct populations. Estimated selfing was also related to filled seed percent in a sample of trees from regions 2 and 3 and to seed survival after several months of storage at room temperature in trees from region 1. Effects of crown position were examined in 6 trees. Mean S was 0.091 and 0.076 if trees were excluded that were in disjunct stands and in stands with ponderosa pine as a minor component. Median S was 0.056. Difference among regions was not significant; difference among stand types was. Heterogeneity among trees-in-regions was large and significant in all regions. S was significantly, but weakly and inversely, correlated with filled seed percent and with seed storability. Seeds from upper crown had lower estimates of selfing than seeds from mid and lower crown, but the difference was not significant. JF - Silvae Genetica AU - Sorensen, F C AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 100 EP - 108 VL - 43 IS - 2-3 SN - 0037-5349, 0037-5349 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - genetic markers KW - plant breeding KW - mutants KW - self-fertilization KW - seedlings KW - G 07350:Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16655382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Silvae+Genetica&rft.atitle=Frequency+of+seedlings+from+natural+self-fertilization+in+Pacific+Northwest+ponderosa+pine+%28Pinus+ponderosa+Dougl.+ex+Laws.%29&rft.au=Sorensen%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Sorensen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Silvae+Genetica&rft.issn=00375349&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; plant breeding; seedlings; self-fertilization; mutants; genetic markers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cropping system influences on extractable water for mono- and double-cropped soybean AN - 16649937; 3654539 AB - For rain-fed agriculture in the southeastern United States, efficient soil water use when double-cropping is essential. Water use by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is, however, poorly documented. Winter wheat may deplete soil water, thus limiting subsequent soybean yield. Cropping system variables, such as soybean planting date and row spacing, may also affect water use. Therefore, a 4-year field experiment in northeastern Mississippi was conducted on Leeper (Vertic Haplaquept) and Catalpa (Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) silty clays. The objectives were to (1) determine the influence of soybean planting date, cropping system (monocropped versus double-cropped), and row spacing on extractable water (similar to available water) for soybean, and (2) identify a production system to improve the use of extractable water over a growing season. In mid- to late-May (the first soybean planting date), "Centennial" soybean in 38- or 76-cm rows was planted either between rows of standing wheat or in bare (monocropped) plots. After the wheat was harvested and the straw chopped, soybean was planted into bare soil or planted no-till into wheat stubble in mid-June for the second planting and in early July for the third. Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe from soybean emergence to maturity. Differences between each water content profile and a dry profile (constructed using the lowest recorded water content at each depth) were regarded as extractable water. Neither soybean planting date nor cropping system, as a main effect, exerted much influence on extractable water for soybean. As interacting factors later in the season, however, they were important. Plots with soybean in 38- rather than 76-cm rows contained more extractable water throughout the 1982 and 1983 seasons, and yielded over 9% more seed. Canopies closed about 20 days sooner with narrow rows than with wide rows. These full canopies protected and shaded the soil surface, probably reducing crusting and decreasing water losses by evaporation. We concluded that double-cropped soybean in 38-cm rows planted either into standing wheat in late May or into wheat stubble not later than mid-June utilized extractable water efficiently in silty clay soils in northeastern Mississippi. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Lehrsch, G A AU - Whisler, F D AU - Buehring, N W AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Service, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83341, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 13 EP - 25 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - soil types KW - agriculture KW - available water KW - plants KW - crops KW - water use efficiency KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16649937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Cropping+system+influences+on+extractable+water+for+mono-+and+double-cropped+soybean&rft.au=Lehrsch%2C+G+A%3BWhisler%2C+F+D%3BBuehring%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Lehrsch&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil water; water use efficiency; plants; soil types; available water; agriculture; crops ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mechanism of fumonisin toxicity and carcinogenesis AN - 16648739; 3653304 AB - What are the molecular events that fumonisin-induced porcine pulmonary edema syndrome and equine leucoencephalomalacia have in common? Do these animal diseases relate mechanistically to fumonisin toxicity in laboratory rats? There is considerable data indicating that disruption of sphingolipid metabolism plays an important early role in all of these diseases. In vitro studies have revealed that fumonisins and structurally related Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici-toxin (AAL-toxin) are potent inhibitors of the enzyme sphinganine (sphingosine) N-acyl transferase (ceramide synthase). Soon after cultured cells or animals are exposed to fumonisins there is a dramatic increase in the free sphingoid base, sphinganine, in tissues, serum and/or urine. Also, free sphingosine concentration increases, complex sphingolipid concentration decreases, and sphingoid base degradation products and other lipid products also increase. It is hypothesized that disruption of sphingolipid metabolism is an early molecular event in the onset and progression of cell injury and the diseases associated with consumption of fumonisins. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Riley, R T AU - Voss, KA AU - Yool, Hwan-Soo AU - Gelderblom, WCA AU - Merrill, AH Jr Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 528 EP - 535 VL - 57 IS - 6 KW - fumonisins KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium KW - carcinogenesis KW - mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16648739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+fumonisin+toxicity+and+carcinogenesis&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BVoss%2C+KA%3BYool%2C+Hwan-Soo%3BGelderblom%2C+WCA%3BMerrill%2C+AH+Jr&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crop coefficients for irrigating cotton in the presence of groundwater AN - 16648621; 3651228 AB - A cotton crop coefficient was modified to account for the contribution of shallow groundwater to crop water use. The data used in the modification were developed using weighing column lysimeters. The percentage groundwater contribution to crop water use, expressed as a function of growing degree days for several salinities and two water table depths, was used in the regression analysis. Use of the modified coefficient was demonstrated by scheduling a subsurface drip irrigation system installed in an area with shallow saline groundwater. Use of the modified crop coefficient resulted in 25% of the cotton water requirement being extracted from shallow groundwater with a salinity of 5 dS/m without any adverse effects on vegetative plant growth and yield. Groundwater depth dropped from 1.2 to 2.2 m during the growing season. JF - Irrigation Science AU - Ayars, JE AU - Hutmacher, R B AD - USDA, ARS, Water Manage. Res. Lab., 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 45 EP - 52 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water use KW - cotton KW - groundwater management KW - saline water KW - water table decline KW - cropland KW - lysimeters KW - irrigation water KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16648621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Crop+coefficients+for+irrigating+cotton+in+the+presence+of+groundwater&rft.au=Ayars%2C+JE%3BHutmacher%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - groundwater management; irrigation water; cotton; cropland; water use; water table decline; lysimeters; saline water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Additional male Mediterranean fruitfly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) attractants from angelica seed oil (Angelica archangelica L.) AN - 16646042; 3678054 AB - Two sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, beta -copaene and beta -ylangene, were isolated from bioactive fractions of angelica seed oil and were shown by field bioassays to be attractive to the male Mediterranean fruit fly. Their relative attractiveness, compared with the (+)- and (-)- alpha -copaene enantiomers, are: (+)- alpha -copaene > angelica beta -copaene > angelica beta -ylangene > (-)- alpha -copaene. The enantiomer ratios for the two compounds are: beta -copaene, 61.4% (+), 38.6% (-); beta -ylangene, 91.9% (+), 8.1% (-). Trans- alpha -bergamotene was also isolated from the same fractions, but in insufficient quantity for bioassay [enantiomer ratio: 95.7% (+), 4.3% (-)]. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Flath, R A AU - Cunningham, R T AU - Mon, T R AU - John, JO AD - USDA-ARS, West. Reg. Res. Cent., 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1969 EP - 1984 VL - 20 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - copaene KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Angelica archangelica KW - oils KW - chemical composition KW - attractants KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - males KW - Tephritidae KW - Diptera KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16646042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Additional+male+Mediterranean+fruitfly+%28Ceratitis+capitata+Wied.%29+attractants+from+angelica+seed+oil+%28Angelica+archangelica+L.%29&rft.au=Flath%2C+R+A%3BCunningham%2C+R+T%3BMon%2C+T+R%3BJohn%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Flath&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Angelica archangelica; Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Diptera; attractants; oils; males; chemical composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of an inducible sucrase activity by Serpulina hyodysenteriae AN - 16643439; 3642738 AB - Strains of Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens produced a cell-associated sucrase activity when grown in a medium containing sucrose. S. hyodysenteriae B204 sucrase activity cleaved sucrose and, to a lesser extent, raffinose and had a pH optimum of 5.7 to 6.2. This is the first report of an inducible enzyme produced by either S. hyodysenteriae or S. innocens. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jensen, N S AU - Stanton, T B AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3429 EP - 3432 VL - 60 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - sucrase KW - Serpulina innocens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - induction KW - enzymatic activity KW - Serpulina hyodysenteriae KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16643439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+an+inducible+sucrase+activity+by+Serpulina+hyodysenteriae&rft.au=Jensen%2C+N+S%3BStanton%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serpulina hyodysenteriae; enzymatic activity; induction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization of chicks by non-culturable Campylobacter spp. AN - 16643018; 3642641 AB - Six suspensions of non-culturable Campylobacter spp. were administered by gavage to day-of-hatch chicks. Four non-culturable isolates of Campylobacter spp. were found to colonize low numbers (5/79) of 1-week-old chicks, while two isolates did not (0/30). The original and recovered Campylobacter spp. isolates were serotyped and examined by restriction enzyme analysis. Evidence of clonality of two Camp. jejuni isolates was demonstrated. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Stern, N J AU - Jones, D M AU - Wesley, I V AU - Rollins, D M AD - Poult. Microbiol. Saf. Res. Unit, Richard Russell Agric. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 333 EP - 336 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - experimental infection KW - Campylobacter KW - colonization KW - J 02841:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16643018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Colonization+of+chicks+by+non-culturable+Campylobacter+spp.&rft.au=Stern%2C+N+J%3BJones%2C+D+M%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BRollins%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter; colonization; experimental infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between lower-crown sampling and midcrown sampling for Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) after treatment with Bacillus thuringiensis AN - 16642920; 3641452 AB - We found no change in the relation between densities of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, determined by lower-crown sampling and densities determined by conventional midcrown sampling on host trees in a suppression project with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. The relationship was tested on units treated with B. thuringiensis and on untreated units. We present an equation that provides an improved means to predict midcrown densities based on lower-crown population estimates. Analysis of larval densities before treatment and densities 1 yr after treatment broadens application of the equation to include the full range of fourth to final instars for natural, untreated budworm populations, as well as for sampling before treatment and sampling after treatment with B. thuringiensis. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Torgersen, T R AU - Scott, D W AU - Gillespie, AJR AU - Hosman, K P AD - For. and Range Sci. Lab., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., La Grande, OR 97850, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1022 EP - 1026 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - Choristoneura occidentalis KW - Tortricidae KW - sampling KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16642920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+lower-crown+sampling+and+midcrown+sampling+for+Choristoneura+occidentalis+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+after+treatment+with+Bacillus+thuringiensis&rft.au=Torgersen%2C+T+R%3BScott%2C+D+W%3BGillespie%2C+AJR%3BHosman%2C+K+P&rft.aulast=Torgersen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1022&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Choristoneura occidentalis; Tortricidae; Lepidoptera; pathogens; biological control; sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a genetically modified endophytic bacterium on chemical properties and decomposition of colonized corn plants AN - 16642780; 3646261 AB - The present study was conducted to determine whether the presence of an endophytic bacterium altered the chemical properties of inoculated corn (Zea mays L.) plants and the subsequent decomposition of plant residues in soil. Fourteen-day-old greenhouse grown corn (proprietary hybrid) plants were inoculated with either the endophytic bacterium Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis wild-type strain (MDE1) or a genetically engineered construction of C. xyli subsp. cynodontis recombinant strain (MDR1.586), which was transformed by inserting a gene encoding for production of a delta -endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The plants were harvested near maturity (62 days old) at grain formation when MDE1 and MDR1.586 populations had reached 1.57 x 10 super(8) and 6.48 x 10 super(6) CFU g super(-1), respectively. The harvested plant residues were separated into stalks and leaves before being subjected to various chemical and physical analyses. In addition, leaf and stalk residues were incorporated into soil to determine the extent of their decomposition in a 71-day laboratory incubation study. Leaf residues from plants colonized with MDR1.586 retained significantly more water than the controls which were inoculated with buffer, but stalk residues from MDR1.586-colonized plants retained significantly less water. Leaves of MDR1.586-colonized plants contained significantly more carbon (C) than did leaves of buffer-inoculated plants. Stalks of plants colonized with either endophyte contained significantly less C than did stalks of buffer-inoculated plants. Inoculation with either MDR1.586 or MDE1 significantly increased the quantity of nitrogen (N), reducing sugars, and some polyamines present in all plant parts; colonization with MDE1 significantly increased the amount of soluble protein in stalk residues when compared with the buffer-inoculated stalks. Presence of either endophyte caused no significant differences in decomposition of leaf substrates. In contrast, corn stalks colonized with either strain decomposed significantly more than those inoculated with buffer. On average ca. 37% of corn leaf residues and ca. 32% of corn stalk residues were decomposed during the 71-day incubation period. JF - Microbial Releases AU - Tester, C F AD - Soil-Microbial Systems Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 217 EP - 222 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 0940-9653, 0940-9653 KW - Clavibacter xyli cynodontis KW - polyamines KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - genetic engineering KW - recombinants KW - pest control KW - decomposition KW - endophytes KW - Zea mays KW - chemical properties KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16642780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Releases&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+genetically+modified+endophytic+bacterium+on+chemical+properties+and+decomposition+of+colonized+corn+plants&rft.au=Tester%2C+C+F&rft.aulast=Tester&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Releases&rft.issn=09409653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; recombinants; genetic engineering; chemical properties; decomposition; endophytes; pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mating potential of feral and laboratory-reared Eoreuma loftini (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 16642352; 3677543 AB - When Mexican rice borers, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), were provided a surplus of mates, an average of 91.0% and 88.3% of laboratory-reared Mexican rice borer males and females, respectively, mated on the night following eclosion. Males mated as many as five times each, but only 4.3% of females mated as many as two times and none mated more than twice. Of the 250 mated feral females captured with sweep nets or light traps, none contained more than one spermatophore. Captures of feral male Mexican rice borers in pheromone traps in sugarcane fields were initiated at approximately the same time with baits of synthetic lures and virgin females. Fewer males were caught in traps baited with mated females than ones baited with either pheromone lures or virgin females (0.1 males per trap per night versus 8.9 and 4.9 males per trap per night, respectively). JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shaver, T N AU - Brown, HE AU - Raulston, J R AD - Crop Insect Pests Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1213 EP - 1216 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 1129-1376, 1129-1376 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pyralidae KW - Eoreuma loftini KW - Lepidoptera KW - mating behavior KW - traps KW - sex pheromone KW - rearing KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16642352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Mating+potential+of+feral+and+laboratory-reared+Eoreuma+loftini+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Shaver%2C+T+N%3BBrown%2C+HE%3BRaulston%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Shaver&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=11291376&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eoreuma loftini; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; mating behavior; rearing; sex pheromone; traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mating disruption of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in cabbage: Reduction of mating and suppression of larval populations AN - 16642332; 3677542 AB - An 8.1-ha field of 2-wk-old cabbage within an area of general cabbage production received a single treatment with 8100 m of a continuous-rope formulation of a 70:30 mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, two components of the sex pheromone of the female diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Captures of males in synthetic pheromone-baited traps, mating of laboratory-reared sentinel females, and the mated status of native moths taken from the plots demonstrated suppression of mating activity by the pheromone treatment relative to that in the control area for 9 wk. Cabbage in this farm was planted sequentially. Fifteen insecticide treatments were applied during production of the block of cabbage, planted 13 d before the pheromone-treated cabbage, and 13 applications were made to the adjacent (control) block of cabbage planted 3 d after that in the pheromone plot. Two insecticide treatments were applied to plants in the pheromone-treated block to control diamondback moth larvae resident at the time of the pheromone application, and one spray was applied to this block 10 wk later at harvest. Cabbage at the extreme perimeter of the pheromone-treated area was damaged heavily by diamondback larvae; however, larval and pupal counts throughout most of this plot remained comparable to those in the control area. Cabbage at the interior of the pheromone area was graded as U.S. no. 1 quality. The results indicate that mating disruption can be used to protect cabbage from diamondback moth if pheromones are applied to areas of at least 8.1 ha with some supplemental application of insecticide. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - McLaughlin, J R AU - Mitchell, E R AU - Kirsch, P AD - West. Integ. Cropping Systems Res., USDA-ARS, 17053 N. Shafter Ave., Shafter, CA 93263, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1198 EP - 1204 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 1129-1376, 1129-1376 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Brassica oleracea capitata KW - Lepidoptera KW - Plutellidae KW - pest control KW - mating behavior KW - Plutella xylostella KW - population dynamics KW - sex pheromone KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25883:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16642332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Mating+disruption+of+diamondback+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Plutellidae%29+in+cabbage%3A+Reduction+of+mating+and+suppression+of+larval+populations&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+J+R%3BMitchell%2C+E+R%3BKirsch%2C+P&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=11291376&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brassica oleracea capitata; Plutella xylostella; Lepidoptera; Plutellidae; mating behavior; sex pheromone; pest control; population dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasitism and generation cycles in a salt-marsh planthopper AN - 16641498; 3650643 AB - In warm climates many insects exhibit discrete generations, in the absence of obvious factors that could synchronize their age structure. It has been hypothesized that parasitoid wasps might be responsible for these oscillations in the host age structure, known as generation cycles. We examine the role of the parasitoid Anagrus delicatus in the dynamics of the salt-marsh planthopper Prokelisia marginata. In particular, we evaluate the hypothesis that Anagrus contributes to the formation of generation cycles in the hopper, in the subtropical climate of Florida. Two kinds of evidence are presented. First, we construct continuous-time models of the system that incorporate what is known about Anagrus foraging behaviour, the life cycles of host and parasitoid, and their movements. We then examine the behaviour of these models to determine if Anagrus has the potential to induce generation cycles. We also show how spatial variation in the risk of parasitism can generate 'pseudo-interference' in our continuous-time framework. Secondly, we examine the temporal pattern of host and parasitoid abundance, and parasitism rates in the field. If Anagrus were contributing to the formation of generation cycles, we would expect to see a characteristic pattern of abundance and mortality from parasitism. Both our modelling and empirical results suggest that Anagrus contributes to generation cycles in Prokelisia. Anagrus has the theoretical prerequisites for generation cycles to occur and in the field generates a cyclic pattern of parasitism that would help induce generation cycles in the planthopper. The existence of an adult host stage that is invulnerable to parasitism strongly influences the stability of our models. Without this stage Anagrus cannot fully stabilize the system, even if the risk of parasitism varies greatly from patch to patch. JF - Journal of Animal Ecology AU - Reeve, J D AU - Cronin, J T AU - Strong AD - Forest Insect Res., USDA-Forest Serv., PO Box 5500, 2500 Shreveport Highw., Pineville, LA 7136, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 912 EP - 920 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8790, 0021-8790 KW - host-parasite KW - interactions KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Florida KW - Mymaridae KW - Delphacidae KW - models KW - Prokelisia marginata KW - Anagrus delicatus KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - population dynamics KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16641498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&rft.atitle=Parasitism+and+generation+cycles+in+a+salt-marsh+planthopper&rft.au=Reeve%2C+J+D%3BCronin%2C+J+T%3BStrong&rft.aulast=Reeve&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&rft.issn=00218790&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prokelisia marginata; Hymenoptera; Anagrus delicatus; Mymaridae; Delphacidae; Homoptera; USA, Florida; population dynamics; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenology of fall dispersal by winterform pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in relation to leaf fall and weather AN - 16641381; 3650608 AB - Phenology of fall dispersal into apple orchards is described for winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, in orchards located in Yakima and Wenatchee, Washington. Psylla in both regions first appeared on pear in mid to late September, reaching peak densities in late October or early to mid November, and then decreased in numbers to a low in December. Movement onto apple began in October; peak counts on apple occurred in late November to early December. There was considerable variation among years in phenology of leaf fall in pear and numbers of psylla entering apple. Leaf fall in pear was delayed in a cool, wet fall (1991) compared with warmer and drier years (1990 and 1992), and temperatures during leaf fall were consequently lower in 1991. Numbers of psylla moving onto apple were considerably lower in 1991 than 1990 or 1992. Catch on sticky traps and dispersal rates onto apple were both positively correlated with rates of leaf fall in pear, temperature, and density of psylla on pear. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Horton AU - Burts, E C AU - Unruh, T R AU - Krysan, J L AU - Coop, L B AU - Croft, BA AD - USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 111 EP - 120 VL - 126 IS - 1 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - dispersal KW - USA, Washington KW - weather KW - Malus domestica KW - Psyllidae KW - phenology KW - Homoptera KW - leaf fall KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16641381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Phenology+of+fall+dispersal+by+winterform+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29+in+relation+to+leaf+fall+and+weather&rft.au=Horton%3BBurts%2C+E+C%3BUnruh%2C+T+R%3BKrysan%2C+J+L%3BCoop%2C+L+B%3BCroft%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Cacopsylla pyricola; Homoptera; Psyllidae; USA, Washington; phenology; dispersal; leaf fall; weather ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The benefit to some minnows of spawning in the nests of other species AN - 16640439; 3652483 AB - Fishes that act as nest associates spawn simultaneously with nest-building hosts and then abandon their eggs. The proposed benefit for this behavior is increased brood survivorship, arising from the physical environment provided by the nest or the parental care provided by the host. Field and enclosure experiments indicated that associates benefit from the parental care provided by the host, and not from the physical environment provided by the nests of hosts. This information, along with the effect of nest association on host reproductive success, is necessary before the nature of this nesting symbiosis can be characterized. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Johnston, CE AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest Hydrol. Lab., P.O. 947, Oxford, MS 38655, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 213 EP - 218 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Centrarchidae KW - brood care KW - symbiosis KW - Cyprinidae KW - survival KW - nesting behavior KW - Y 25505:Fish KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16640439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=The+benefit+to+some+minnows+of+spawning+in+the+nests+of+other+species&rft.au=Johnston%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyprinidae; Centrarchidae; symbiosis; nesting behavior; brood care; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abortion caused by Brucella abortus biovar 1 in a free-ranging bison (Bison bison) from Yellowstone National Park AN - 16640408; 3643745 AB - A near-term aborted bison (Bison bison) fetus was collected near Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (USA). On necropsy, the fetus liver had a small capsular tear, and there was a small quantity of blood in the peritoneal cavity. Microscopic lesions included mild, purulent bronchopneumonia and mild, multifocal, interstitial pneumonia. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from fetal abomasal contents, lung, and heart blood. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Rhyan, J C AU - Quinn, W J AU - Stackhouse, L S AU - Henderson, J J AU - Ewalt AU - Payeur, J B AU - Johnson, M AU - Meagher, M AD - USDA, Anim. and Plant Health Insp. Serv., Natl. Vet. Serv. Lab., P.O. Box 844, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 445 EP - 446 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - fetus KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - bison KW - abortion KW - brucellosis KW - Brucella abortus KW - USA, Yellowstone Natl. Park KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16640408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Abortion+caused+by+Brucella+abortus+biovar+1+in+a+free-ranging+bison+%28Bison+bison%29+from+Yellowstone+National+Park&rft.au=Rhyan%2C+J+C%3BQuinn%2C+W+J%3BStackhouse%2C+L+S%3BHenderson%2C+J+J%3BEwalt%3BPayeur%2C+J+B%3BJohnson%2C+M%3BMeagher%2C+M&rft.aulast=Rhyan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; bison; USA, Yellowstone Natl. Park; abortion; brucellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of bacterial leaf spot resistance in peach regenerants under in vitro, greenhouse and field conditions AN - 16640306; 3652767 AB - Phenotypic stability of bacterial leaf spot resistance in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) regenerants, either selected at the cellular level for insensitivity to a toxic culture filtrate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni or screened at the whole plant level for resistance to X. campestris pv. pruni, was investigated. A detached-leaf bioassay was used to evaluate the original regenerants again after three years in the greenhouse and also after a two to three year cycle of tissue culture propagation. Peach trees derived through micropropagation from the original regenerants were also evaluated after one to three years growth in the field. Although leaf spot resistance was retained in some regenerants over time in the greenhouse, following in vitro propagation, and under field conditions, resistance was either lost or not expressed in others. Regenerants # 19-1 and #156-6, derived from embryo callus of bacterial spot susceptible 'Sunhigh', were significantly more resistant than 'Sunhigh'. High levels of resistance were exhibited in greenhouse plants and field-grown trees of regenerant # 122-1, derived from embryo callus of moderately resistant 'Redhaven'. This research provides additional evidence that selecting or screening for somaclonal variants with disease resistance is a feasible approach to obtaining peach trees with increased levels of bacterial spot resistance. JF - Euphytica AU - Hammerschlag, F A AU - Werner, D J AU - Ritchie, D F AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Mol. Biol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 101 EP - 106 VL - 76 IS - 1-2 SN - 0014-2336, 0014-2336 KW - Xanthomonas campestris pruni KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - somaclonal variation KW - Prunus persica KW - selection KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16640306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euphytica&rft.atitle=Stability+of+bacterial+leaf+spot+resistance+in+peach+regenerants+under+in+vitro%2C+greenhouse+and+field+conditions&rft.au=Hammerschlag%2C+F+A%3BWerner%2C+D+J%3BRitchie%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Hammerschlag&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Euphytica&rft.issn=00142336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - somaclonal variation; selection; Prunus persica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Report of dwarf bunt from California erroneous AN - 16640301; 3653031 JF - Plant Disease AU - Rossman, A Y AD - Syst. Bot. and Mycol. Lab., USDA-ARS, Rm. 304, B011A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 755 EP - 756 VL - 78 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - dwarf bunt KW - Tilletia controversa KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - fungi KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16640301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Report+of+dwarf+bunt+from+California+erroneous&rft.au=Rossman%2C+A+Y&rft.aulast=Rossman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of corn steep liquor with other nutrients in the fermentation of D-xylose by Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 AN - 16637842; 3640544 AB - Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 ferments D-xylose to ethanol in a medium containing corn steep liquor as the only source of nitrogen, amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients. The ethanol yield and fermentation rate compare favorably to those obtained with media containing more expensive sources of nitrogen, vitamins and amino acids. Corn steep liquor is a good source of nutrients that can support growth and fermentation activity of this xylose fermenting yeast. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Amartey, S AU - Jeffries, T W AD - Inst. Microb. and Biochem. Technol., USDA, For. Serv., For. Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 211 EP - 214 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - D-xylose KW - corn steep liquor KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nutrients KW - Pichia stipitis KW - fermentation KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16637842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+corn+steep+liquor+with+other+nutrients+in+the+fermentation+of+D-xylose+by+Pichia+stipitis+CBS+6054&rft.au=Amartey%2C+S%3BJeffries%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Amartey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutrients; fermentation; Pichia stipitis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Japanese honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae): Newly discovered host of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16637803; 3639993 AB - Flowers of Japanese honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica Thunb., were found to support larval populations of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in southwestern Georgia and northern Florida. However, larvae were not detected in samples taken during 1990 in southeastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas. This discovery constitutes a new host record for both H. virescens and H. zea. Studies conducted at 10 different sites in Tift County, Georgia, during 1988-1990 revealed that H. virescens populations peaked on Japanese honeysuckle during the F1 generation of April through May and again during August through September. H. zea larval populations occurred principally during August through September. Peak F1 larval populations of H. virescens on Japanese honeysuckle occurred at the same time as those on crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L., and wild geranium, Geranium carolinianum L. Both H. virescens and H. zea larvae were capable of developing on Japanese honeysuckle flowers in the laboratory. Although survivorship was lower, H. virescens also developed on Japanese honeysuckle leaves and berries. Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck was the principal species parasitizing H. virescens; parasitism of H. zea was negligible and Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) was the only species detected. M. croceipes was the primary parasitoid of H. virescens and H. zea larvae collected from crimson clover. Results of this study indicate that Japanese honeysuckle is an important early season host of H. virescens and an important late-season host for both H. virescens and H. zea when overwintering populations are developing. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Pair, S D AD - South Centr. Agric. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 159, Lane, OK 74525, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 906 EP - 911 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lonicera japonica KW - host plants KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - new records KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16637803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Japanese+honeysuckle+%28Caprifoliaceae%29%3A+Newly+discovered+host+of+Heliothis+virescens+and+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Pair%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Pair&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=906&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Helicoverpa zea; Lonicera japonica; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; new records; host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular diagnosis of mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) in plants. A review AN - 16637734; 3640533 AB - Worldwide, yellows diseases impact plants important in human nutrition, the natural environment, and the culture and commerce of humans. Since the presumed pathogens, mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs), have not been isolated in pure culture in vitro, their study must proceed by other experimental approaches. In a study of disease affecting grapevines in Europe and North America, polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and restriction analyses of PCR-amplified DNA were used to detect and differentiate strains of MLOs associated with grapevine yellows. MLOs were detected both in naturally diseased grapevines and in experimentally inoculated host plants. The data indicated an unexpected genomic diversity among grapevine-infecting MLOs, and supported their classification with MLOs in the aster yellows, X-disease, and elm yellows groups. The presence of diverse MLOs in grapevines provokes consideration that these MLOs may be present in overlapping geographic ranges and that multiple MLO infections may occur in individual plants, increasing the complexity of grapevine yellows epidemiology and control and the significance of sensitive MLO detection in planting stock and phytosanitary-regulated germplasm. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Davis, R E AU - Prince, J P AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., Agric. Res. Serv.-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 23 EP - 26 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycoplasma-like organisms KW - reviews KW - gene amplification KW - yellows KW - plant diseases KW - DNA KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16637734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Molecular+diagnosis+of+mycoplasma-like+organisms+%28MLOs%29+in+plants.+A+review&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BPrince%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; Mycoplasma-like organisms; yellows; gene amplification; DNA; plant diseases; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of amino acid substitutions in a potential metal-binding site of AnfA on expression from the anfH promoter in Azotobacter vinelandii AN - 16637397; 3640582 AB - AnfA, an activator required for transcription of the structural genes encoding nitrogenase 3 (anfHDGK) in Azotobacter vinelandii, has a potential metal-binding site [(S19)H(C21)FTGE(C26)R] in its N terminus. Growth studies and expression of an anfH-lacZ fusion in mutants containing amino acid substitutions in this site indicate that Ser-19 is not required for AnfA activity whereas Cys-21 and Cys-26 are required. Residual expression of the anfH-lacZ fusion in AnfA super(-) mutants was found to be due to activation by VnfA, the activator required for expression of genes encoding nitrogenase 2. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Premakumar, R AU - Loveless, T M AU - Bishop, P E AD - ARS-USDA, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7615, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 6139 EP - 6142 VL - 176 IS - 19 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - anfH gene KW - AnfA protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - metals KW - amino acids KW - binding KW - substitution KW - promoters KW - Azotobacter vinelandii KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16637397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+amino+acid+substitutions+in+a+potential+metal-binding+site+of+AnfA+on+expression+from+the+anfH+promoter+in+Azotobacter+vinelandii&rft.au=Premakumar%2C+R%3BLoveless%2C+T+M%3BBishop%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Premakumar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=6139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Azotobacter vinelandii; promoters; amino acids; substitution; metals; binding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant and oxidative enzyme effects on the inactivation of inclusion bodies of the Heliothis baculovirus by simulated sunlight-UV AN - 16637362; 3639936 AB - The sunlight-UV (SUV) inactivation of field-applied viral and other microbial insecticides has been attributed to a direct effect on DNA or generation of highly reactive radicals, or both. Therefore, it may be possible to inhibit this inactivation by use of antioxidants or oxidative enzymes. Our objective was to determine whether antioxidants and oxidative enzymes would inhibit the UV inactivation of Baculovirus heliothis, a singly enveloped nucleopolyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV) of larvae of the Helicoverpa/Heliothis complex. A series of blacklight fluorescent lamps, built into a temperature-control cabinet, were used to simulate the ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B spectrum of sunlight. Three antioxidants (propyl gallate, ascorbic acid, phenylthiocarbamide) all provided some level of UV protection of polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) of HzSNPV. Propyl gallate, however, provided the best protection of HzSNPV (0.2 mg/ml propyl gallate gave 99% UV protection of PIB). Fifty percent UV protection with propyl gallate, ascorbic acid or phenylthiocarbamide was obtained at 0.01 mg/ml, 1.0 mg/ml, or 0.068 mg/ml, respectively. Catalase was the best of three oxidative enzymes tested. The enzyme concentration required to provide 50% UV protection of HzSNPV with either catalase, superoxide dismutase, or peroxidase was 0.4 mg/ml, 2.3 mg/ml, or 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The increased UV stability provided by an antioxidant or oxidative enzyme supports the hypothesis that reactive radicals, generated by SUV, can cause inactivation of field-applied viral and other microbial insecticides. Although the materials we used increased persistence of HzSNPV, none could be used practically to provide UV protection of commercial microbial insecticides. Others, however, might be used as spray-tank additives, or physically bonded to PIB to provide protection against SUV. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Garcia, C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO 65205, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1025 EP - 1029 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - baculoviruses KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - enzymatic activity KW - enzymes KW - Lepidoptera KW - baculovirus KW - U.V. radiation KW - antioxidants KW - Noctuidae KW - biological control KW - Heliothis KW - inclusion bodies KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16637362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+and+oxidative+enzyme+effects+on+the+inactivation+of+inclusion+bodies+of+the+Heliothis+baculovirus+by+simulated+sunlight-UV&rft.au=Ignoffo%2C+C+M%3BGarcia%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ignoffo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1025&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; baculovirus; biological control; antioxidants; enzymatic activity; U.V. radiation; enzymes; inclusion bodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between hyphal and arbuscular colonization and sporulation in a mycorrhiza of Paspalum notatum Flugge AN - 16637336; 3643861 AB - Experiments were conducted to determine correlation between sporulation by an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus to proliferation of arbuscules or intercellular hyphae. Paspalum notatum Flugge seedlings were inoculated with the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall and treated with either tap water, nutrient solution without P, or nutrient solution with P to manipulate colonization levels. Plants receiving the nutrient solution without P tended to have greater colonization than plants receiving water only (e.g. 62 vs 54%, respectively at week 7) but lesser percentage root length with arbuscules (e.g. 27 vs 38%, respectively at week 7). Mycorrhizas receiving the nutrient solution without P sporulated sooner (week 7) than the water only treatment and had larger spore populations (e.g. 20.9 vs 14.2 spores cm super(-3) at week 13). Nutrient solution with P did not completely inhibit colonization, and though these plants had total colonized root lengths similar to those of the water treatment, spore populations were much less (2.9 cm super(-3) at week 13). Spore populations correlated equally well with total root length as with root length colonized and root length with arbuscules in the water and nutrient solution without P treatments. Populations were not correlated to these measures for the nutrient solution with P, indicating that the host may have limited the ability of a unit length of colonization to produce spores in this treatment. JF - New Phytologist AU - Douds, DD Jr AD - USDA-ARS ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 233 EP - 237 VL - 126 IS - 2 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - nutrient availability KW - mycorrhizas KW - Gigaspora margarita KW - Paspalum notatum KW - colonization KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - sporulation KW - USA KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16637336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+hyphal+and+arbuscular+colonization+and+sporulation+in+a+mycorrhiza+of+Paspalum+notatum+Flugge&rft.au=Douds%2C+DD+Jr&rft.aulast=Douds&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gigaspora margarita; Paspalum notatum; USA; nutrient availability; colonization; sporulation; mycorrhizas; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perennial weed populations after 14 years of variable tillage and cropping practices AN - 16636859; 3643919 AB - Management of perennial weeds is a major concern in reduced-tillage cropping systems. Field research was conducted at Nashua, IA, from 1977 through 1990 to evaluate the long-term impacts of tillage and cropping patterns on perennial weed populations in corn and soybean production. Continuous corn and a corn/soybean rotation were conducted utilizing moldboard plow, chisel plow, ridge tillage, and no-tillage systems. The research area was free of established perennial weed species at the initiation of the experiment in 1977. Hemp dogbane was observed by 1980, with the greatest densities in no-tillage. By 1990, continuous corn had greater hemp dogbane densities with no-tillage than other tillage system by crop rotation treatments. American germander densities were not affected by tillage systems in 1980 and 1981, but by 1990, corn/soybean rotations had greater densities in moldboard plow than other tillage systems. Field bindweed developed primarily in the corn/soybean rotations with the greatest densities occurring in no-tillage. Greater and more diverse populations of perennial weeds developed in reduced-tillage systems than in the moldboard plow system. However, practices used to control annual weeds and environmental factors interacted with tillage to regulate perennial weed populations. JF - Weed Science AU - Buhler, D D AU - Stoltenberg, DE AU - Becker, R L AU - Gunsolus, J L AD - Nat. Soil Tilth Lab., USDA/ARS, 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 205 EP - 209 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - crop rotation KW - weed control KW - USA, Iowa KW - Zea mays KW - tillage KW - Glycine max KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16636859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Perennial+weed+populations+after+14+years+of+variable+tillage+and+cropping+practices&rft.au=Buhler%2C+D+D%3BStoltenberg%2C+DE%3BBecker%2C+R+L%3BGunsolus%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Buhler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Glycine max; USA, Iowa; weed control; crop rotation; tillage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low temperature effects on hatch of northern corn rootworm eggs (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 16635530; 3649962 AB - This study determined the survival of northern corn rootworm eggs exposed to different experimental low temperatures for up to 16 weeks. Eggs were obtained from adults collected in maize fields that had been in continuous maize for greater than or equal to 2 years. Eggs were placed in the field in September to simulate soil temperatures experienced by feral eggs. In November they were brought into the laboratory and subjected to temperatures of 0, -2.5, -5, -7.5, or -10 degree C for 2 to 16 weeks. Percent egg hatch following treatment declined as temperature decreased and as duration of exposure at reduced temperature increased. This relationship was described by the equation HATCH = 42.70 - 5.51*TP + 5.67*TM - 0.54*(TP) super(2) - 0.26*(TM) super(2) + 0.42*TP*TM (r super(2) = 0.70), where TP and TM denote exposure temperature ( degree C) and temperature duration (weeks), respectively. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Woodson, W D AU - Ellsbury, M M AD - North Grain Insects Res. Lab., ARS-USDA-NPA, Rural Route 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 102 EP - 106 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Coleoptera KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - hatching KW - eggs KW - cold KW - Chrysomelidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16635530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Low+temperature+effects+on+hatch+of+northern+corn+rootworm+eggs+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Woodson%2C+W+D%3BEllsbury%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Woodson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; Diabrotica barberi; cold; eggs; hatching ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship among sampling methods in density estimates of pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae): Implications of sex, reproductive maturity, and sampling location AN - 16635199; 3649974 AB - Correlations among three sampling methods in counts of summerform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, were determined. Counts obtained using yellow sticky traps, beat trays, and open-ended organdy bags were linearly and positively related. Factors that affected correlations among methods included sex, height in the three canopy from which the sample was obtained, and reproductive maturity of the insects. For a given beat tray count or bag count, sticky trap catches were larger for males than females, were larger in the upper canopy than in the lower canopy, and were reduced during sampling intervals in which most females were reproductively immature. These results suggest that males were more active than females, that psylla in the upper canopy were more active than those in the lower canopy, and that reproductively immature psylla were inactive comparatively. Absolute densities (psylla per leaf) were estimated by dropping open-ended organdy bags over pear shoots. This method proved to be time consuming, and therefore a regression equation that transformed beat tray counts into numbers of psylla per leaf was fitted; the model explained 49.3% of the variation. Sex ratios varied with sampling method and height in the canopy. Sticky trap counts were more male-biased than the other two sampling methods. Male bias was larger in the upper canopy than in the lower canopy. Percentage of female psylla that were reproductively mature varied with sampling method and height in the canopy. Females collected with sticky traps and in the upper canopy were often older than those collected with bags or in the lower canopy. Wing size of males and females did not differ between canopy heights. Wing size decreased between subsequent generations. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AD - USDA-ARS, 3706 West Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, WA 98902, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 583 EP - 591 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - Psyllidae KW - reproduction KW - sampling KW - Homoptera KW - Cacopsylla pyricola KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16635199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Relationship+among+sampling+methods+in+density+estimates+of+pear+psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29%3A+Implications+of+sex%2C+reproductive+maturity%2C+and+sampling+location&rft.au=Horton&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cacopsylla pyricola; Homoptera; Psyllidae; population density; reproduction; sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the rehydration method for biomass determination to fumigation-incubation and substrate-induced respiration method AN - 16633125; 3649300 AB - Our objective was to compare the rehydration method for biomass determination to that of fumigation-incubation and substrate-induced respiration methods. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Sikora, L J AU - Yakovchenko, V AU - Kaufman, D D AD - Soil-Microbial Syst. Lab., USDA-ARS: Build. 318, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1443 EP - 1445 VL - 26 IS - 10 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - fumigation KW - soil microorganisms KW - biomass KW - methodology KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - A 01113:General KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16633125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+rehydration+method+for+biomass+determination+to+fumigation-incubation+and+substrate-induced+respiration+method&rft.au=Sikora%2C+L+J%3BYakovchenko%2C+V%3BKaufman%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Sikora&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biomass; methodology; soil microorganisms; fumigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inoculation of broiler chicks with a continuous-flow derived bacterial culture facilitates early cecal bacterial colonization and increases resistance to Salmonella typhimurium AN - 16632352; 3642952 AB - Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of a continuous-flow (CF) derived bacterial culture and of dietary lactose on colonization level by anaerobic bacteria in the ceca of broiler chicks. Cecal facultative and strictly anaerobic bacteria colony forming units (CFU), total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), lactic and propionic acid concentrations in 3-d-old chicks, and cecal log sub(10) Salmonella typhimurium colonization and propionic acid concentrations in 10-d-old chicks were measured. Treatment groups were control diet, 2% lactose diet, CF culture + control diet, and CF culture + 2% lactose diet. Groups inoculated with CF culture had decreased Salmonella in cecal contents at 10 d of age. The level of Salmonella protection was significantly correlated with increased cecal bacteria CFU, TVFA, and propionic acid concentrations in 3-d-old chicks. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Ricke, S C AU - Scanlan, C M AU - Corrier, DE AU - Hollister, A G AU - Deloach, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 12 EP - 15 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - infection KW - resistance KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - methodology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16632352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Inoculation+of+broiler+chicks+with+a+continuous-flow+derived+bacterial+culture+facilitates+early+cecal+bacterial+colonization+and+increases+resistance+to+Salmonella+typhimurium&rft.au=Nisbet%2C+D+J%3BRicke%2C+S+C%3BScanlan%2C+C+M%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BHollister%2C+A+G%3BDeloach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Nisbet&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; infection; resistance; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations on foraging, population and nest biology of the Mexican honey wasp, Brachygastra mellifica (Say) in Texas [Vespidae: Polybiinae] AN - 16631383; 3677489 AB - Nests and individual behavior of Brachygastra mellifica (Say), a swarm-founding, honey storing, tropical/subtropical polybiine wasp were studied in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Sucrose syrup and water, provided in feeding dishes, were taken readily in a flight cage containing a live nest. Significant differences were observed in various foraging behavior parameters between syrup and water foragers and between food uptake and transport behaviors within these groups. Liquid food appears to be transferred routinely from foragers to nestmates on the nest surface. The latter then take provisions into the nest. Other behaviors regularly observed include guarding and water removal from the nest surface. Larval wax moths were successfully fed to wasps in the flight cage. Wasps from free-flying colonies foraged on a number of common native and exotic flower species for nectar and to collect honeydew from aphids and psyllids. Predation was observed on flower-mining larvae of the weevil Anthonomus aeneolus and on a moth, Alucitidae sp. Robber flies and spiders regularly preyed on adult B. mellifica. Nests were attacked by woodpeckers and probably small mammals that consume brood and honey-containing combs. Nest architecture is phragmocyttarous with combs of zero displacement, originating from a sessile attachment on a limb. Large nests assume a capsule form with downward extension; their lower combs appear as vertically stacked tiers supported at their edges by the envelope and centrally by inter-comb pedestals. Nest-founding swarms with several hundred individuals are capable of building 10-15 cm diameter nests in a few days. Nest placement is in the midcanopy of a tree or shrub from 1 to 9 m above ground level. Nests are sparse and difficult to find in native brush but relatively common in suburban settings where they are easily spotted in deciduous trees in winter. Gas chromatographic analysis of honey samples taken from natural nests confirm that common floral sources such as sunflower and mesquite as well as honeydew provide the material for stored honey. Most of the nectar and honeydew sources examined as B. mellifica forage are also utilized by honey bees. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Sugden, E A AU - McAllen, R L AD - USDA-ARS Subtrop. Agric. Res. Lab., Honey Bee Unit, 2413 E. Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 141 EP - 155 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Brachygastra mellifica KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - foraging behavior KW - nests KW - Vespidae KW - USA, Texas KW - nesting behavior KW - Hymenoptera KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16631383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Observations+on+foraging%2C+population+and+nest+biology+of+the+Mexican+honey+wasp%2C+Brachygastra+mellifica+%28Say%29+in+Texas+%5BVespidae%3A+Polybiinae%5D&rft.au=Sugden%2C+E+A%3BMcAllen%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Sugden&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hymenoptera; Vespidae; USA, Texas; foraging behavior; nesting behavior; nests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aluminum accumulation and associated effects on super(15)NO sub(3) super(-) influx in roots of two soybean genotypes differing in Al tolerance AN - 16630941; 3673528 AB - A study was conducted to examine aluminum (Al) exclusion by roots of two differentially tolerant soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) lines, Pl-416937 (Al-tolerant) and Essex (Al-sensitive). Following exposure to 80 mu M Al for up to 2 h, roots were rinsed with a 10 mM potassium citrate solution and rapidly dissected to allow estimation of intracellular Al accumulation in morphologically distinct root regions. Using 10 min exposures to 300 mu M super(15)NO sub(3) super(-) and dissection, accompanying effects on NO sub(3) super(-) uptake were measured. With Al exposures of 20 min or 2 h, there was greater Al accumulation in all root regions of Essex than in those of Pl-416937. The genotypic difference in Al accumulation was particularly apparent at the root apex, both in the tip and in the adjacent root cap and mucilage. Exposure of roots to Al inhibited the uptake of super(15)NO sub(3) super(-) to a similar extent in all root regions. The results are consistent with Al exclusion from cells in the root apical region being an important mechanism of Al tolerance. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Lazof, D B AU - Rincon, M AU - Rufty, T W AU - Mackown, C T AU - Carter, TE AD - USDA-ARS, Crops Res. Lab., Box 1168, Oxford, NC 27565, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 291 EP - 297 VL - 164 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - aluminum KW - nitrate KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - glycine max KW - roots KW - genotypes KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16630941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Aluminum+accumulation+and+associated+effects+on+super%2815%29NO+sub%283%29+super%28-%29+influx+in+roots+of+two+soybean+genotypes+differing+in+Al+tolerance&rft.au=Lazof%2C+D+B%3BRincon%2C+M%3BRufty%2C+T+W%3BMackown%2C+C+T%3BCarter%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Lazof&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - glycine max; roots; genotypes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrasonic decomposition of atrazine and alachlor in water AN - 16630767; 3675859 AB - The collapse of ultrasonically-generated cavitation bubbles can result in sonochemical reactions. The kinetics of sonochemical decomposition of alachlor and atrazine in water are determined using a sonicator operating in the continuous mode at maximum output. Alachlor and atrazine solutions, 3.1 nmol L super(-1), were kept at constant temperature during the sonication. Decomposition at 30 degree C followed first-order kinetics: k = 8.01 X 10 super(-3) min super(-1) and 2.10 X 10 super(-3) min super(-1) for alachlor and atrazine, respectively. It is not clear from the product analysis whether the decomposition was due to a thermal or free radical reaction. However, regardless of the decomposition mechanisms, the extrapolated half-lives (86 and 330 min for alachlor and atrazine, respectively) support the potential development of ultrasonic waves to decompose herbicides in contaminated water. JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART B: PESTIC., FOOD CONTAM., AGRIC. WASTES AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Sellung, KE AU - Baker, J M AU - Barber, B L AU - Dowdy, R H AD - Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 581 EP - 590 VL - B29 IS - 3 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Atrazine KW - alachlor KW - atrazine KW - chemical treatment KW - degradation KW - pollution control KW - sonochemical reaction KW - water purification KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - wastewater treatment KW - Freshwater KW - chemical degradation KW - water treatment KW - water quality control KW - ultrasonics KW - herbicides KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16630767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+B%3A+PESTIC.%2C+FOOD+CONTAM.%2C+AGRIC.+WASTES&rft.atitle=Ultrasonic+decomposition+of+atrazine+and+alachlor+in+water&rft.au=Koskinen%2C+W+C%3BSellung%2C+KE%3BBaker%2C+J+M%3BBarber%2C+B+L%3BDowdy%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Koskinen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=B29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+B%3A+PESTIC.%2C+FOOD+CONTAM.%2C+AGRIC.+WASTES&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - degradation; chemical degradation; wastewater treatment; water treatment; herbicides; water quality control; ultrasonics; pollution control; water purification; atrazine; chemical treatment; alachlor; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viviparity and larval development of Platyphora quadrisignata (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Brazil AN - 16629346; 3658703 AB - Viviparity is reported for the first time in Platyphora quadrisignata (Germar). Four larval instars were observed during laboratory rearing. Optimal larval development occurs at 25 degree C and pupal development ceases at 30 degree C. The minimal temperatures at which larval and pupal development ceased is 8 degree C, respectively. Viviparity is also noted for the first time in P. sp., prob. fasciatomaculata Staal. JF - Coleopterists Bulletin AU - Schroder, RFW AU - Puttler, B AU - Izhevsky, S S AU - Gandolfo, D AD - USDA, ARS, PSI, Insect Biocontrol Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 237 EP - 243 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0010-065X, 0010-065X KW - Platyphora quadrisignata KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - Coleoptera KW - Brazil KW - viviparity KW - Chrysomelidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16629346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coleopterists+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Viviparity+and+larval+development+of+Platyphora+quadrisignata+%28Germar%29+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+in+Brazil&rft.au=Schroder%2C+RFW%3BPuttler%2C+B%3BIzhevsky%2C+S+S%3BGandolfo%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schroder&rft.aufirst=RFW&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Coleopterists+Bulletin&rft.issn=0010065X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Brazil; viviparity; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model for the combined effects of temperature, initial pH, sodium chloride and sodium nitrite concentrations on anaerobic growth of Shigella flexneri AN - 16628976; 3669965 AB - A fractional factorial design was used to measure the effects and interactions of temperature (12-37 degree C), initial pH (5.5-7.5), NaCl (0.5-4.0%) and NaNO sub(2) (0-1000 ppm) on the anaerobic growth kinetics of Shigella flexneri in Brain-Heart Infusion broth. Anaerobic conditions were established by flushing the culture flasks with N sub(2). A total of 375 cultures representing 124 variable combinations were analyzed, with growth curves being generated using the Gompertz equation. Growth rates decreased with decreasing temperature, decreasing pH and increasing NaCl level. NaNO sub(2) in combination with low temperature, low pH and high NaCl content effectively inhibited S. flexneri. Response surface analysis was used to obtain models for estimating the growth of S. flexneri in terms of temperature, initial pH, and NaCl and NaNO sub(2) concentrations. A third-order equation using the natural logarithm transformations for the Gompertz B and M terms gave reasonable estimates of bacterial growth in response to any combination of the variables studied within the specified ranges. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Zaika, L L AU - Moulden, E AU - Weimer, L AU - Phillips, J G AU - Buchanan, R L AD - Microb. Food Saf. Res. Unit, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 345 EP - 358 VL - 23 IS - 3-4 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - response surface model KW - temperature KW - sodium chloride KW - sodium nitrite KW - nitrite KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Shigella flexneri KW - mathematical models KW - growth rate KW - anaerobic conditions KW - pH KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16628976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Model+for+the+combined+effects+of+temperature%2C+initial+pH%2C+sodium+chloride+and+sodium+nitrite+concentrations+on+anaerobic+growth+of+Shigella+flexneri&rft.au=Zaika%2C+L+L%3BMoulden%2C+E%3BWeimer%2C+L%3BPhillips%2C+J+G%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Zaika&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Predictive Modelling. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shigella flexneri; growth rate; anaerobic conditions; pH; mathematical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mathematical models to evaluate retention and transport of chromium (VI) in soil AN - 16628667; 3664931 AB - Modeling the transport of reactive heavy metals in soils requires a mathematical description of the kinetics of various sorption processes. A family of models has been developed that can potentially describe the retention and transport of heavy metals in soils. These models include MRM (a multireaction model applicable to batch studies that includes parallel, reversible, nonlinear kinetic and equilibrium retention reactions), MRTM (MRM incorporated into the convection-dispersion equation for solute transport in soils under steady-state water flow), and SOTS (a two-site model applicable to batch and column studies that includes two parallel, reversible, second-order kinetic retention reactions). All the models include an irreversible, first-order kinetic reaction. Batch kinetic and column transport studies were conducted to evaluate the ability of these models to describe the retention and transport of Cr(VI) in three soils. Both MRM and SOTS described kinetic Cr(VI) retention data from batch experiments equally well. However, MRM rate coefficients from batch experiments could not be used to predict Cr(VI) breakthrough curves (BTCs) from column transport experiments when the soil retained a significant amount of solute. This was because MRM rate coefficients were pseudo rate coefficients that varied with initial solute concentration. SOTS rate coefficients from batch experiments could be used to approximate BTCs for Cr(VI). The second-order kinetic model, which accounts for the concentrations of reaction sites on soils, is a more realistic description of apparent retention processes. However, differences in mass transfer processes between batch and column studies will continue to limit the usefulness of batch-derived rate coefficients in predicting transport of reactive solutes in soils. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Amacher, M C AU - Selim, H M AD - Forest. Sci. Lab., Intermountain Res. Stn., Forest Serv., USDA, Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 205 EP - 230 VL - 74 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - models KW - chromium (VI) KW - soil KW - transport processes KW - soils KW - solute transport KW - heavy metals KW - chromium KW - soil contamination KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - mathematical models KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16628667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Mathematical+models+to+evaluate+retention+and+transport+of+chromium+%28VI%29+in+soil&rft.au=Amacher%2C+M+C%3BSelim%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Amacher&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - heavy metals; chromium; mathematical models; solute transport; soil contamination; soil; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early detection of insects in stored wheat using sticky traps in bin headspace and prediction of infestation level AN - 16628133; 3667587 AB - Insect populations in 14 bins of newly harvested wheat on eight farms in Kansas were monitored with sticky traps in the bin headspace and with grain samples. Sticky trap catches during the first 3 wk of storage were used to provide an estimate of the species and densities of insects that were present in the headspace. Grain samples were taken every 2 wk during the first 3 mo of storage to provide an estimate of population growth under the grain temperature and moisture conditions in the bins. The sticky traps correctly predicted whether lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), would be found in the grain samples in 85.8 and 78.6% of the bins, respectively. Traps were less reliable for foreign grain beetle, Ahasverus advena (Waltl), and hairy fungus beetle, Typhaea stercorea (L.), with correct predictions in 57.1 and 42.9% of bins, respectively. Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Huebner), was found in both traps and grain samples in only one bin and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), were not found in both traps and grain samples in any of the bins. The traps in the center of the bin caught 4.7-14.2 times more beetles than those on the bin walls, but only 1.3 times more P. interpunctella adults. The total numbers of C. ferrugineus adults in the grain samples could be predicted better from the product of mean grain temperature times maximum grain moisture than from sticky trap catch. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Hagstrum, D W AU - Dowdy, A K AU - Lippert, GE AD - U.S. Grain Market. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1241 EP - 1244 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1045-1356, 1045-1356 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - monitoring KW - population density KW - Coleoptera KW - stored products KW - sampling KW - traps KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16628133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Early+detection+of+insects+in+stored+wheat+using+sticky+traps+in+bin+headspace+and+prediction+of+infestation+level&rft.au=Hagstrum%2C+D+W%3BDowdy%2C+A+K%3BLippert%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Hagstrum&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=10451356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleoptera; monitoring; sampling; population density; traps; stored products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biases of chamber methods for measuring soil CO sub(2) efflux demonstrated with a laboratory apparatus AN - 16627557; 3667322 AB - This study compared the responses of two commonly used chamber methods to known effluxes from the surface of a simulated soil. Our known effluxes are based on calculations using Fick's law of diffusion. The two methods we tested were a static-chamber method with soda lime as a CO sub(2) absorbent and a dynamic-chamber method consisting of an infrared gas analyzer in a closed air-circulation loop. Because the absorption rate of alkali materials used in static chambers is thought to be a source of bias (Freijer and Bouten 1991, Nakadai et al. 1993), we were also interested in how the soda-lime absorbent affected the headspace CO sub(2) concentration of the static chambers. JF - Ecology AU - Nay, S M AU - Mattson, K G AU - Bormann, B T AD - USDA For. Serv. Res., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2460 EP - 2463 VL - 75 IS - 8 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - measuring techniques KW - efflux KW - soil KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16627557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Biases+of+chamber+methods+for+measuring+soil+CO+sub%282%29+efflux+demonstrated+with+a+laboratory+apparatus&rft.au=Nay%2C+S+M%3BMattson%2C+K+G%3BBormann%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Nay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil; efflux; measuring techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupling normal and shearing stresses to use in finite element analysis of soil compaction AN - 16626619; 3660205 AB - A finite element model was modified to use a constitutive relationship of soil compaction that included the effects of both normal and shearing stresses. Predicted values of soil stress were compared against results from a laboratory experiment. All predicted values at final deformed depths less than 0.3 m were within the 95% confidence intervals of the measured values, but at deeper depths most of the predictions fell outside the 95% confidence intervals of the measured values. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Raper, R L AU - Johnson, CE AU - Bailey, A C AD - Natl. Soil Dyn. Lab. (NSDL), USDA-Agric. Res. Service, Auburn, AL, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1417 EP - 1422 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil mechanics KW - model studies KW - finite element method KW - strain KW - soil compaction KW - stress KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16626619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Coupling+normal+and+shearing+stresses+to+use+in+finite+element+analysis+of+soil+compaction&rft.au=Raper%2C+R+L%3BJohnson%2C+CE%3BBailey%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Raper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - stress; finite element method; soil compaction; model studies; soil mechanics; strain ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population dynamics of woolly apple aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in West Virginia apple orchards AN - 16626461; 3658135 AB - Woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), populations were studied in eastern West Virginia from 1985 to 1989. In an unsprayed orchard, peak abundance of arboreal populations was 22-24 colonies per tree in early June each year. Spraying the orchard with a pyrethroid three times during 1989 had little effect on the population behavior, demonstrating the resilience of the woolly apple aphid and its natural enemy guild. Nearly 20% of the aphid colonies in Jue syrphid larvae present and parasitism by Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) was > 50% in July. Age structure of arboreal woolly apple aphid colonies varied through the summer with a significant reduction in first instars in July, signalling a return of aphids to the edaphic from the arboreal environment at the time. Samples of arboreal populations were not useful for predicting year-to-year population abundance or the extent of root infestations in a managed orchard. Microhabitat preference of arboreal colonies during the spring was for would sites and other protected feeding sites on the tree branches and trunk. Leaf axils were the predominant microhabitat (51% of the colonies observed) from the end of May through August. Cicada oviposition sites were also highly preferred, with one orchard having 98% of the colonies in cicada oviposition scars. Woolly apple aphid colonies were observed more often in wounds and protected sites on branches in sprayed orchards and in high density populations than in unsprayed or low density populations. We suggest that these protected sites act as refugia for woolly apple aphid populations in apple orchards. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Brown, M W AU - Schmitt, J J AD - Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1182 EP - 1188 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1045-1356, 1045-1356 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aphididae KW - USA, West Virginia KW - orchards KW - Eriosoma lanigerum KW - Homoptera KW - Malus domestica KW - population dynamics KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16626461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Population+dynamics+of+woolly+apple+aphid+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+in+West+Virginia+apple+orchards&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+W%3BSchmitt%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=10451356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Eriosoma lanigerum; Homoptera; Aphididae; USA, West Virginia; population dynamics; orchards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving Markov-recapture population estimation with multiple marking AN - 16626450; 3658129 AB - Markov-recapture population size estimates rely on insects (or other animals) marking themselves before arrival in a trap. Assumptions about rates of marking and capture are based upon the sampling scheme, and the estimate is based on the resulting multinomial probability distribution. The original scheme used one marking station per trap, yielding an assumption of equal rates of marking and capture. This paper explores more general schemes that provide better resolution, sometimes with added degrees of freedom, and which provide estimates more quickly than the original scheme (reducing the risk of violating assumptions). The alternative schemes involve varying the ratio of marking stations to traps and multiple marking. The paper continues to describe the maximum likelihood estimates of population size based on these sampling schemes and gives a rough correction for the bias of the population estimate, found by using a jackknife technique. Two standard error confidence limits are explicit expressions obtained using asymptotic maximum likelihood arguments; these work well in conjunction with the corrected estimate if trapping has continued for an extended period. Relative likelihood-based confidence intervals perform better than two standard error intervals over a wide range of parameter values, especially where trapping has not continued for an extended period. The method tends to become biased when used in an open or growing population. Goodness-of-fit tests are possible with the added degree of freedom but are not very powerful. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Wileyto, E P AD - Stored Prod. Insects Res. and Dev. Lab., USDA-ARS, 3401 Edwin St., Savannah, GA 31405, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1129 EP - 1137 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1045-1356, 1045-1356 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - marking KW - capture-recapture studies KW - population dynamics KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16626450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Improving+Markov-recapture+population+estimation+with+multiple+marking&rft.au=Wileyto%2C+E+P&rft.aulast=Wileyto&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=10451356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - population dynamics; marking; capture-recapture studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape characterization of forest susceptibility to gypsy moth defoliation AN - 16626349; 3658800 AB - This paper seeks to relate defoliation by the gypsy month, Lymantria dispar (L.), to components of the landscape in order to elucidate processes operating at the regional scale. Aerial sketch maps of gypsy moth-caused defoliation in Pennsylvania from 1969-1989 were assembled in a raster-based geographical information system (GIS). These images were manipulated using Boolean algebra to determine the total defoliation frequency for each 2 x 2 km grid cell over the 21-yr study period. Because the gypsy moth became established in different parts of Pennsylvania at different times, the defoliation frequency for each cell was corrected by dividing the raw frequency by the total number of years at risk to defoliation. The number of years at risk to defoliation was calculated as the number of years each areas was considered within the generally infested area minus a constant lag term, to correct for the period in years between first designation of quarantine until first defoliation. For Pennsylvania the lag was estimated as 5 yr. Average defoliation frequencies were calculated for each of six major forest type groups occurring in Pennsylvania. Pine, oak-pine, and oak-hickory type groups were the most susceptible to defoliation; maple-birch-beech, aspen-birch, and nonforest-type groups were the least susceptible. The high defoliation frequency in pine types reflects heavy feeding on oaks in these areas since gypsy moth larvae rarely feed on most pine species. Forest type group areas were further cross-tabulated by elevation classes. The three most susceptible forest type groups exhibited decreased susceptibility at elevations lower than 200 m. JF - Forest Science AU - Liebhold, AM AU - Elmes, G A AU - Halverson, JA AU - Quimby, J AD - USDA Forest Serv. NE Forest Exp. Stn., 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 18 EP - 29 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0015-749X, 0015-749X KW - geographical information systems KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - defoliation KW - Lymantriidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16626349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Science&rft.atitle=Landscape+characterization+of+forest+susceptibility+to+gypsy+moth+defoliation&rft.au=Liebhold%2C+AM%3BElmes%2C+G+A%3BHalverson%2C+JA%3BQuimby%2C+J&rft.aulast=Liebhold&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Science&rft.issn=0015749X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae; forests; defoliation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-related resistance to 987P fimbria-mediated colonization correlates with specific glycolipid receptors in intestinal mucus in swine AN - 16625603; 3656612 AB - Strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that produce 987P fimbriae (987P super(+) strains) colonize the small intestines and cause diarrhea in neonatal (<6-day-old) pigs but not in weaned pigs. However, 987P super(+) E. coli strains adhere in vitro to intestinal epithelial cells from pigs of both ages. Two intestinal components, designated 987R and 987M, bind 987P fimbriae (987P) on Western blots (immunoblots). We examined brush borders (BB) and intestinal washes (IW) from pigs to determine if they contain glycolipids which bind 987P. Total glycolipid extracts from BB and IW of 4-week-old pigs were separated on thin-layer chromatograms and overlaid with purified 987P. Bound 987P were detected with 987P-specific antiserum. 987P bound to at least one moiety in both BB and IW glycolipids and also bound to several purified glycolipids, including gangliotetraosylceramide, lactosylceramide (CDH), sulfatide (SFT), gangliotriaosylceramide, and galactosylceramide (listed in order of decreasing affinity). Strain 987, but not the isogenic 987P super(-) strain 136, bound to these same glycolipids, indicating that the fimbriae contain the adhesin required for binding to these lipids. Glycolipids extracted from BB and IW isolated from 3- and 4-week-old pigs and from BB isolated from 1-day-old pigs contained similar amounts of glycolipids like CDH and SFT that bound 987P. Finally, 987P bound to CDH, SFT, and total BB glycolipids separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to Immobilon, and these glycolipids had mobilities similar to that of 987M. Thus, 987M may contain 987P-binding glycolipids. We hypothesize that glycolipid receptors for 987P, most likely CDH or SFT, in the mucus of older pigs bind 987P and inhibit 987P-mediated intestinal colonization by preventing the attachment of 987P super(+) E. coli to 987P receptors on the intestinal epithelium. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Samuel, JE AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4789 EP - 4794 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - 987P pili KW - glycolipid receptors KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - mucosa KW - age KW - Escherichia coli KW - intestine KW - pili KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16625603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Age-related+resistance+to+987P+fimbria-mediated+colonization+correlates+with+specific+glycolipid+receptors+in+intestinal+mucus+in+swine&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BSamuel%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; intestine; mucosa; age; pili ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and yield responses of almond (Prunus amygdalus) to trickle irrigation AN - 16623393; 3651220 AB - Growth and yield responses of developing almond trees (Prunus amygdalus, Ruby cultivar) to a range of trickle irrigation amounts were determined in 1985 through 1987 (the fifth through seventh year after planting) at the University of California's West Side Field Station in the semi-arid San Joaquim Valley. The treatments consisted of six levels of irrigation, ranging from 50 through 175% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ET sub(c)), applied to a clean-cultivated orchard using a line source trickle irrigation system with 6 emitters per tree. JF - Irrigation Science AU - Hutmacher, R B AU - Nightingale, H I AU - Rolston, DE AU - Biggar, J W AU - Dale, F AU - Vail, S S AU - Peters, D AD - Water Manage. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 117 EP - 126 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - growth rates KW - orchards KW - water conservation KW - irrigation efficiency KW - evapotranspiration KW - trickle irrigation KW - irrigation water KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16623393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Growth+and+yield+responses+of+almond+%28Prunus+amygdalus%29+to+trickle+irrigation&rft.au=Hutmacher%2C+R+B%3BNightingale%2C+H+I%3BRolston%2C+DE%3BBiggar%2C+J+W%3BDale%2C+F%3BVail%2C+S+S%3BPeters%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hutmacher&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water conservation; irrigation water; trickle irrigation; irrigation efficiency; evapotranspiration; growth rates; orchards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using individual tree growth projection models to estimate stand-level gains attributable to genetically improved stock AN - 16623333; 3657364 AB - Information needed to make estimates of stand-level gains anticipated from genetically improved stock is frequently unavailable. Methods developed in this paper combine the existing knowledge on stand development that should form the basis of a growth model with estimates of individual tree gains predicted by quantitative genetic theory. This combination provides estimates of anticipated stand-level gains based on the best available sources of information. An example uses the Stand Prognosis Model to estimate stand-level gains expected from genetically improved ponderosa pine being developed by the Inland Empire Tree Improvement Cooperative. A series of hypotheses are made concerning the expected response of the genetically improved stock to competition when grown in an operational plantation. The model is used to simulate stand development under each of the alternative hypotheses. Results suggest that one generation of tree improvement may lead to gains in yield of 1-15% or reduce rotations by 1-20 years depending on which of the hypotheses future research proves to be most correct. Studies to test and refine the hypotheses are described. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hamilton, DA Jr AU - Rehfeldt, GE AD - USDA, For. Serv., Intermt. Res. Stn., For. Sci. Lab., 1221 S. Main St., Moscow, ID 83843, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 189 EP - 207 VL - 68 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - trees KW - stand structure KW - genetic factors KW - growth KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16623333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Using+individual+tree+growth+projection+models+to+estimate+stand-level+gains+attributable+to+genetically+improved+stock&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+DA+Jr%3BRehfeldt%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trees; growth; genetic factors; stand structure; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorophyll measurements in the presence of suspended sediment using broad band spectral sensors aboard satellites AN - 16622879; 3653469 AB - Concentrations of chlorophyll-a in waters with high average annual Concentrations of suspended sediment were measured in three lakes and compared with broad band Landsat MSS satellite digital data for 104 dates between December 1976 and August 1988. Concentrations of chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.3 to 211 mg/m super(3) for 452 measurements. Concentrations of suspended sediment ranged from 1 to 867 mg/l in the same samples. In general, chlorophyll-a concentrations were inversely related to suspended sediment concentrations. Radiance and reflectance calculated from the four MSS bands increased as a function of increasing concentrations of suspended sediment. Radiance and reflectance were inversely related to the concentrations of chlorophyll-a, but the relationships were not statistically significant. This study indicated that the measurement of chlorophyll-a with broad band (100 nanometer) MSS data in waters dominated by suspended sediments is not effective since the detection of the increased absorption or reflectance of radiation due to chlorophyll-a is masked by the spectral reflectance due to suspended sediments. In order to quantitatively determine chlorophyll by remote sensing in systems dominated by suspended sediments high spectral resolution information (10 to 15 nm band widths) at approximately 675 and 705 nanometers (nm) will be required. JF - Journal of freshwater ecology. La Crosse, WI AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Schiebe AU - Cooper, C M AU - Harrington, JA Jr AD - USDA-ARS Hydrol. Lab., BARC-W Build. 007, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 197 EP - 206 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - chlorophyll KW - chlorophyll a KW - chlorophylls KW - freshwater lakes KW - primary production KW - satellite sensing KW - suspended load KW - suspended matter KW - suspended sediments KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - phytoplankton KW - lakes KW - USA, Mississippi R. KW - Freshwater KW - sediments KW - Landsat KW - reflectance KW - remote sensing KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q2 09393:Remote geosensing KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - K 03049:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16622879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+freshwater+ecology.+La+Crosse%2C+WI&rft.atitle=Chlorophyll+measurements+in+the+presence+of+suspended+sediment+using+broad+band+spectral+sensors+aboard+satellites&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+J+C%3BSchiebe%3BCooper%2C+C+M%3BHarrington%2C+JA+Jr&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+freshwater+ecology.+La+Crosse%2C+WI&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phytoplankton; freshwater lakes; sediments; lakes; primary production; satellite sensing; reflectance; suspended load; chlorophylls; remote sensing; suspended matter; suspended sediments; chlorophyll a; chlorophyll; Landsat; USA, Mississippi R.; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Fumonisin production in corn by toxigenic strains of Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum AN - 16622542; 3653301 AB - The fungi Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon and Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg produce a series of toxins on corn which include the fumonisins of which fumonisin B sub(1) and B sub(2) are considered to have cancer promoting activity. Both fungi produce similar ratios of the fumonisins B sub(1) to B sub(2). Other mycotoxins produced include moniliformin, fusarin C and fusaric acid. Fumonisin B sub(1) has been shown to be responsible for most of the toxicological affects observed from ingesting corn infected by toxigenic isolates of these fungi. The distribution of the two fungi is generally similar, although F. proliferatum is isolated more frequently from sorghum than corn. They occur worldwide on other food crops, such as rice, sorghum, millet, several fruits and vegetables. Both fungi are ear rot pathogens of corn, thus, mycotoxin production occurs under field conditions, although it also may occur in storage. One or both fungi may have a frequency of occurrence of 90% or higher in corn; 90% of the F. moniliforme isolates produce the fumonisins. On corn and corn products the range of concentrations reported is 0.3 to 330 mu g/g of corn-based product. These concentrations include both corn-based animal feed and human foods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Bacon, C W AU - Nelson, P E Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 514 EP - 521 VL - 57 IS - 6 KW - fumonisins KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium proliferatum KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - fungi KW - Zea mays KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16622542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+production+in+corn+by+toxigenic+strains+of+Fusarium+moniliforme+and+Fusarium+proliferatum&rft.au=Bacon%2C+C+W%3BNelson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ag pollution: A new generation of rules? AN - 16619306; 3645332 AB - Society has legitimate concerns about surface- and groundwater pollution from agricultural operations. The question is, what is the best approach to limiting agricultural pollution? Some have characterized the options as either regulatory or voluntary approaches. The reality will probably be a combination. JF - Agricultural Outlook AU - Burt, J AD - Soil Conserv. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SN - 0099-1066, 0099-1066 KW - agricultural pollution KW - pollution control KW - groundwater contamination KW - nonpoint pollution sources KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - watersheds KW - environmental protection KW - water pollution control KW - agricultural runoff KW - surface water KW - legislation KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16619306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.atitle=Ag+pollution%3A+A+new+generation+of+rules%3F&rft.au=Burt%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Outlook&rft.issn=00991066&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - legislation; watersheds; environmental protection; agricultural runoff; groundwater pollution; surface water; water pollution control; nonpoint pollution sources; agricultural pollution; pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitive detection of grapevine virus A, B, or leafroll-associated III from viruliferous mealybugs and infected tissue by cDNA amplification AN - 16618587; 3643548 AB - DNA primers specific for grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine virus B (GVB) or grapevine leafroll-associated virus III (GLRaV-III) were constructed based on the nucleotide sequence of a segment of each viral genome. DNA primers were utilized for cDNA synthesis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 430 bp fragment from extracts of GVA-infected grapevine tissue or viruliferous mealybugs and 450 bp and 340 bp DNA fragments from extracts of GVB and GLRaV-III-infected grapevine tissues, respectively. The amplified DNA fragment of each virus was identified by Southern hybridization analysis with a cRNA probe of cloned viral genome. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, immunocapture (IC)-RT-PCR and/or multiplex (M)-RT-PCR assays were developed for the detection of GVA, GVB, and/or GLRaV-III in extracts of infected grapevine leaves, dormant cuttings and/or in viruliferous mealybugs. Viral specific DNA was absent from amplified extracts of uninfected grapevine tissue or nonviruliferious mealybugs. IC-RT-PCR was easier to perform than RT-PCR for the detection of GVA from viruliferous mealybugs. M-RT-PCR was easier and faster than IC-RT-PCR for the detection of GLRaV-III from infected grapevine tissue and it allows the sensitive detection of GVB, for which a high titer antiserum is not yet available. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Minafra, A AU - Hadidi, A AD - Natl. Germplasm Res. Lab., ARS/USDA, Build. 011A, Room 106, BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 175 EP - 188 VL - 47 IS - 1-2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - grapevine virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - plant extracts KW - Vitis vinifera KW - cDNA KW - hybridization analysis KW - genes KW - Pseudococcidae KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - reverse transcription KW - V 22181:Detection KW - W2 32250:Others KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16618587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Sensitive+detection+of+grapevine+virus+A%2C+B%2C+or+leafroll-associated+III+from+viruliferous+mealybugs+and+infected+tissue+by+cDNA+amplification&rft.au=Minafra%2C+A%3BHadidi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Minafra&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant extracts; nucleotide sequence; hybridization analysis; cDNA; genes; polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription; Vitis vinifera; Pseudococcidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repellent properties of the host compound 4-allylanisole to the southern pine beetle AN - 16617630; 3637515 AB - The phenylpropanoid 4-allylanisole is a compound produced by loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.), an abundant species in southern pine forests and a preferred host of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann). Repellency of individual beetles was demonstrated in laboratory behavioral assays of D. frontalis and other scolytids. Inhibition was demonstrated in natural populations of D. frontalis using baited traps. In both tests, response to the inhibitory pheromone verbenone was used for comparison. In the laboratory, a higher proportion of newly emerged and reemerged D. frontalis responded negatively to 4-allylanisole than to verbenone. However, fewer reemergent than newly emerged individuals responded to either compound. In all field trials, the response of D. frontalis to its attractant pheromone in funnel traps was significantly reduced by simultaneous release of 4-allylanisole. In most trials total reduction did not differ from verbenone; however, unlike verbenone, 4-allylanisole reduced male and female catches proportionally. Both compounds together did not significantly further reduce trap catch. The response of a major predator, Thanasimus dubius (F.), to the attractant pheromone of D. frontalis, did not differ with the simultaneous release of either verbenone or 4-allylanisole. The results of preliminary field applications are presented and discussed. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Hayes, J L AU - Strom, B L AU - Roton, L M AU - Ingram, LL Jr AD - South. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Pineville, LA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1595 EP - 1616 VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 4-allylanisole KW - loblolly pines KW - southern pine beetles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - pheromone traps KW - Coleoptera KW - Pinus taeda KW - host plants KW - repellents KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16617630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Repellent+properties+of+the+host+compound+4-allylanisole+to+the+southern+pine+beetle&rft.au=Hayes%2C+J+L%3BStrom%2C+B+L%3BRoton%2C+L+M%3BIngram%2C+LL+Jr&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; Dendroctonus frontalis; Scolytidae; Coleoptera; repellents; host plants; pheromone traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to differing ozone regimes having identical total exposure AN - 16617531; 3639430 AB - Protocols were designed to test for differences in response of plants to ozone treatments having equal total exposure (concentration x time) but different exposure profiles. Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. California Dark Red) were exposed to ozone in controlled fumigation chambers within a greenhouse. Four different ozone exposure profiles were used, each having the same total cumulative exposure (SUM00) and the same 7, 12, and 24 h seasonal means. The three exposure profiles which incorporated peak concentrations more severely impacted response parameters compared to a steady-state profile which did not exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Significant differences were found in percent necrotic leaf area, number of pods and top dry weight between exposure profiles. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Musselman, R C AU - Younglove, T AU - McCool, P M AD - USDA For. Serv., 240 W. Prospect, Ft. Collins, CO 80562, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2727 EP - 2731 VL - 28 IS - 16 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - pollution effects KW - seasonal variations KW - air pollution KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16617531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Response+of+Phaseolus+vulgaris+L.+to+differing+ozone+regimes+having+identical+total+exposure&rft.au=Musselman%2C+R+C%3BYounglove%2C+T%3BMcCool%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Musselman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=2727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phaseolus vulgaris; seasonal variations; air pollution; pollution effects ER - TY - CONF T1 - Problems of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis AN - 16616208; 3633117 AB - Insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been a recognised problem for only about 6 years. It now seriously threatens both conventional and gene transfer uses for this environmentally safe biological insecticide. Since 1985, the potential for resistance has been demonstrated in at least five insect species, and high levels of resistance among field populations have been reported in one species. In two moth species, Plodia interpunctella and Plutella xylostella, the potential for resistance is widespread among diverse populations and laboratory studies suggest that it can progress to high levels within only a few generations. The mechanism of resistance in these species involves a change in binding affinity of the insects' midgut membrane that is specific for the particular toxin type used in selecting the resistant population. Recognition of the inevitability of Bt resistance in insects has led to increased research on deployment strategies that might delay or prevent its evolution. Although resistance to Bt toxins expressed in genetically engineered plants has not been reported yet, it is imperative that resistance management tactics be developed before resistance reduces the pest control value of Bt. Currently, the focus of strategies for managing resistance is on techniques that minimise selection pressure, such as providing untreated refuges, and on the use of multiple toxins in various mixture, mosaic, rotational, or sequential patterns. Experimental data are needed to support the value of these approaches in different pest and cropping systems. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - McGaughey, W H Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 95 EP - 102 VL - 49 IS - 1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - pest control KW - toxins KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pesticide resistance KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16616208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Problems+of+insect+resistance+to+Bacillus+thuringiensis&rft.au=McGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=McGaughey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ponderosa pine needle-induced abortion in beef cattle: Identification of isocupressic acid as the principal active compound AN - 16615661; 3640600 AB - A crude acid fraction isolated from the needles of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws) induced abortions when fed to late-term pregnant beef cows. The major components identified in this abortifacient fraction were four long-chain fatty acids (palmitic, linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids), four abietane diterpene acids (isopimaric, dehydroabietic, abietic, and neoabietic acids), and two labdane diterpene acids (imbricataloic and isocupressic acids). From this crude acid fraction isocupressic acid was isolated and dosed by gavage to five pregnant cows starting on day 250 of pregnancy. Four of the five cows aborted calves when administered isocupressic acid at dosages between 99 and 152 mg/kg (twice daily). At a lower dosage of 66 mg/kg no abortion occurred. No abortifacient activity was observed after a mixture of the abietane diterpene acids was gavaged at dosages of 77 and 120 mg/kg (twice daily); but at higher dosages (238 and 255 mg/kg) these compounds were toxic, and two cows died. It was concluded that the primary abortifacient constituent in ponderosa pine is isocupressic acid and that a separate toxic syndrome may occur from ingestion of high levels of some abietane diterpene acids in pine needles. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Gardner AU - Molyneux, R J AU - James, L F AU - Panter, KE AU - Stegelmeier, B L AD - Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84321, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 756 EP - 761 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - cattle KW - isocupressic acid KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - ingestion KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - abortion KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16615661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Ponderosa+pine+needle-induced+abortion+in+beef+cattle%3A+Identification+of+isocupressic+acid+as+the+principal+active+compound&rft.au=Gardner%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BPanter%2C+KE%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=756&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; ingestion; abortion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen transformations associated with earthworm casts AN - 16615431; 3640026 AB - Earthworms are intimately involved in the cycling of C and N in soil. Earthworm casts are enriched in mineral N; however, there have been few studies of the dynamics of microbial N transformations associated with earthworm casts. We evaluated the N-transformations in earthworm casts as affected by organic residues used as a food source by earthworms. Denitrification rate, nitrification potential and mineral N content of the casts of two earthworm species (Octolasian tyrtaeum Savigny and Aporrectodea tuberculata Eisen) were assessed in laboratory trials. Trials were made in plastic chambers (600 g soil) with three organic-C treatments: 20 g fresh hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), 5.5 g air-dried hairy vetch or 5.5 g air-dried horse (Equus caballus) manure. Earthworm casts were enriched in mineral N, relative to surrounding soil, and that the amount of N accumulated in earthworm casts was a reflection of the N content of the organic matter used as a food source by the earthworms. Casts had elevated denitrification rates, compared to soil, however, rates were low relative to the elevated NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations in the casts (80-100 mu g NO sub(3) super(-)-Ng super(-1) dry wt). Observed denitrification rates appeared to be related to the quality of organic matter available to the earthworms, but were not significantly affected by species of worm. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Parkin, T B AU - Berry, E C AD - USDA-ARS-Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1233 EP - 1238 VL - 26 IS - 9 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Octolasian tyrtaeum KW - nitrogen KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aporrectodea tuberculata KW - nutrient cycles KW - soil KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04657:Annelids KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16615431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+transformations+associated+with+earthworm+casts&rft.au=Parkin%2C+T+B%3BBerry%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Parkin&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aporrectodea tuberculata; soil; nutrient cycles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial model of territorial competition and population dynamics in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AN - 16615371; 3639992 AB - We developed a simulation model of monogyne red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, populations that operates by competitive interactions of individual colony territories. This model describes six major aspects of colony life history: nest founding, brood raiding, territory expansion, queen death, possible requeening, and colony death. Individual colony territories are represented by rectangles, whose sides change independently depending upon the presence and size of neighboring colonies. Growing colonies try to occupy free space, while retaining square territorial dimensions whenever possible. The growth of fire ant populations in the model compared well with available field data. The model predicted that competitive exclusion caused by territorial interactions should occur when areas reach 70-90% territory coverage. Several computer experiments were conducted with the model to examine the importance of colony growth rate, brood raiding activity, and other parameters on the relative success of sequentially founding colony cohorts. A 1-wk advantage in founding generally increased the long-term survival of young colonies by 40-80%. We also examined the factors affecting average coverage of an area by colony territories. Maximum coverage was achieved under a continuous influx of 50 queens/(ha/wk) or a single settlement of 1000 queens/ha; both values were much less than actual magnitudes of queen influx observed in the field. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Korzukhin, MD AU - Porter, S D AD - Med. and Vet. Entomol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 912 EP - 922 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Formicidae KW - mathematical models KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - territorial behavior KW - Hymenoptera KW - population dynamics KW - competition KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16615371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Spatial+model+of+territorial+competition+and+population+dynamics+in+the+fire+ant+Solenopsis+invicta+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=Korzukhin%2C+MD%3BPorter%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Korzukhin&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; mathematical models; competition; territorial behavior; population dynamics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effect on postdiapause development and survival of embryos of three species of Melanoplus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) AN - 16613841; 3649977 AB - Postdiapause development and survival of embryos to hatch were studied at 10 constant temperatures (12, 15, 18, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, and 42 degree C) for three species of North American grasshoppers: Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), M. bivittatus (Say), and M. differentialis (Thomas). M. sanguinipes and M. bivittatus had similar development curves (rate versus temperature) with developmental thresholds of 10.4 and 9.8 degree C, respectively. M. differentialis had a slower development curve, but the developmental threshold was 8.8 degree C. Even though M. differentialis had a lower developmental threshold, mean hatch days, the time to the first day of hatch, and the respective thermal units were nearly double those of M. sanguinipes or M. bivittatus. Percentage of hatch was greatest at 26.8 degree C for M. sanguinipes, at 24 degree C for M. bivittatus, and at 26.3 degree C for M. differentialis; thermal death points were reached at 43, 42, and 42.3 degree C, respectively. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Fisher, J R AD - Rangeland Insect Lab., USDA-ARS-North. Plains Area, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 604 EP - 608 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - temperature KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - diapause KW - Melanoplus KW - embryos KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - survival KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05191:Physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16613841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Temperature+effect+on+postdiapause+development+and+survival+of+embryos+of+three+species+of+Melanoplus+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29&rft.au=Fisher%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Melanoplus; Acrididae; Orthoptera; development; diapause; survival; embryos ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogeny of mycoplasmalike organisms (phytoplasmas): A basis for their classification AN - 16613669; 3643075 AB - A global phylogenetic analysis using parsimony of 16S rRNA gene sequences from 46 mollicutes, 19 mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) (new trivial name, phytoplasmas), and several related bacteria placed the MLOs definitively among the members of the class Mollicutes and revealed that MLOs form a large discrete monophyletic clade, paraphyletic to the Acholeplasma species, within the Anaeroplasma clade. Within the MLO clade resolved in the global mollicutes phylogeny and a comprehensive MLO phylogeny derived by parsimony analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences from 30 diverse MLOs representative of nearly all known distinct MLO groups, five major phylogenetic groups with a total of 11 distinct subclades (monophyletic groups or taxa) could be recognized. These MLO subclades (roman numerals) and designated type strains were as follows: i, Maryland aster yellows AY1; ii, apple proliferation AP-A; iii, peanut witches'-broom PnWB; iv, Canada peach X CX; v, rice yellow dwarf RYD; vi, pigeon pea witches'-broom PPWB; vii, palm lethal yellowing LY; viii, ash yellows AshY; ix, clover proliferation CP; x, elm yellows EY; and xi, loofah witches'-broom LfWB. The designations of subclades and their phylogenetic positions within the MLO clade were supported by a congruent phylogeny derived by parsimony analyses of ribosomal protein L22 gene sequences from most representative MLOs. On the basis of the phylogenies inferred in the present study, we propose that MLOs should be represented taxonomically at the minimal level of genus and that each phylogenetically distinct MLO subclade identified should represent at least a distinct species under this new genus. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Gundersen, DE AU - Lee, I-M AU - Rehner, SA AU - Davis, R E AU - Kingsbury, D T AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5244 VL - 176 IS - 17 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Anaeroplasma KW - rRNA 16S KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mollicutes KW - phylogeny KW - Acholeplasma laidlawii KW - taxonomy KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - G 07260:Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16613669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+of+mycoplasmalike+organisms+%28phytoplasmas%29%3A+A+basis+for+their+classification&rft.au=Gundersen%2C+DE%3BLee%2C+I-M%3BRehner%2C+SA%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BKingsbury%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Gundersen&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acholeplasma laidlawii; Mollicutes; phylogeny; taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of 10-ketostearic acid from oleic acid by Flavobacterium sp. strain DS5 (NRRL B-14859) AN - 16613041; 3641006 AB - A microbial isolate, Flavobacterium sp. strain DS5, produces 10-ketostearic acid (10-KSA) from oleic acid in 85% yield. This is the first report on this type of reaction catalyzed by a Flavobacterium strain. The product was purified to give white, plate-like crystals melting at 79.2 degree C. The optimum time, pH, and temperature for the production of 10-KSA are 36 h, 7.5, and 30 degree C, respectively. A small amount of 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA) (about 10% of the amount of the main product, 10-KSA) is also produced during the bioconversion. 10-KSA is not further metabolized by strain DS5 and accumulates in the medium. In contrast to growing cells, a resting-cell suspension of strain DS5 produces 10-HSA and 10-KSA in a ratio of 1:3. The crude cell extract obtained from ultrasonic disruption of the cells converts oleic acid mainly to 10-HSA (10-HSA/10-KSA ratio, 97:3). This result strongly suggested that oleic acid is converted to 10-KSA via 10-HSA. Enzymes catalyzing the hydration and secondary alcohol dehydrogenation are cell associated. Product 10-HSA from strain DS5 is 66% enantiomeric excess in the 10(R) form. The oleic acid conversion enzyme(s) reacts with unsaturated fatty acids in the order oleic acid > palmitoleic acid > linoleic acid > linolenic acid > gamma -linolenic acid > myristoleic acid. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hou, C T AD - Oil Chemical Res., NCAUR/ARS/USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3760 EP - 3763 VL - 60 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 10-ketostearic acid KW - oleic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Flavobacterium KW - production KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - J 02729:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16613041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+10-ketostearic+acid+from+oleic+acid+by+Flavobacterium+sp.+strain+DS5+%28NRRL+B-14859%29&rft.au=Hou%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flavobacterium; production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte proliferation in response to immunodominant antigens of Brucella abortus 2308 and RB51 in strain 2308-infected cattle AN - 16612620; 3636510 AB - Lymphocyte proliferation in response to proteins from the Brucella abortus strain 2308 (S2308) and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen-deficient mutant of S2308, strain RB51 (SRB51), was measured in S2308-infected cattle following abortion. Supramammary and superficial cervical lymph node lymphocytes from infected cattle proliferated most when incubated with 27- to 18-kDa proteins of S2308 or SRB51. Proteins of SRB51, which contained no LPS O antigens, induced lymphocyte proliferation similar to that induced by S2308 proteins, which contained LPS O antigens. These results indicate that 27- to 18-kDa proteins, but not LPS O antigens, of S2308 and SRB51 are immunodominant in S2308-infected cattle as assessed by lymphocyte proliferation assays. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Cheville, N F AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4646 EP - 4649 VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cell proliferation KW - lymphocytes T KW - Brucella abortus KW - antigens KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06753:Activation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16612620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+proliferation+in+response+to+immunodominant+antigens+of+Brucella+abortus+2308+and+RB51+in+strain+2308-infected+cattle&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; lymphocytes T; cell proliferation; antigens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Graded furrow irrigation of winter wheat with blocked ends AN - 16612027; 3630536 AB - Winter wheat is widely irrigated by graded furrow application on the Central and Southern High Plains of the United States. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of blocking furrow ends and cutting-off furrow inflow earlier to eliminate runoff and save water, rather than using the common practice of 4- to 6-h runoff to wet the beds on the lower ends of fields. Earlier cutoff is feasible with wheat because flow retardance by the plants in furrows increases transient flow volume, thus causing soil wetting to closely follow furrow advance. Both adequate (3 to 4 applications) and deficit (1 to 2 applications) irrigation regimes were evaluated during the study. With adequate irrigation, the elimination of runoff with blocked furrows and earlier cutoff reduced average gross irrigation applications from 430 to 335 mm (16.9 to 13.2 in.) or 22% without reducing grain yield. Seasonal water use savings averaged 95 mm (3.8 in.) with adequate irrigation. With deficit irrigation, water savings were 17% or 48 mm (2 in.). Grain yields averaged 5.6 Mg/ha (83 bu/acre) and 4.2 Mg/ha (63 bu/acre), respectively, with adequate and deficit irrigation on blocked furrows. JF - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AU - Allen, R R AU - Musick, J T AD - USDA-ARS, Conserv. Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 687 EP - 692 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 0883-8542, 0883-8542 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water use KW - wheat KW - furrow irrigation KW - USA KW - water conservation KW - runoff KW - agriculture KW - crops KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16612027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Graded+furrow+irrigation+of+winter+wheat+with+blocked+ends&rft.au=Allen%2C+R+R%3BMusick%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=687&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Engineering+in+Agriculture&rft.issn=08838542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - furrow irrigation; wheat; crops; runoff; water conservation; water use; agriculture; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of plotless density estimators using Monte Carlo simulation AN - 16611615; 3635829 AB - We conducted an extensive simulation study to compare the performance of a large group of plotless density estimators (PDEs) to obtain clarification of their relative performance in a diversity of sampling situations. The PDEs studied included well-known ones from the literature plus some extensions and modifications introduced here. The simulations cover 96 combinations of 6 spatial patterns, 4 sample sizes, and 4 population densities. We made comparisons within classes of similar estimators, and we indicate the best-performing PDEs out of the complete set studied. Over all spatial patterns, the angle-order estimator with measurements to the third-closest individual in each quadrant had the lowest relative root-mean-squared error (RRMSE), followed by the same estimation method with measurements to the second closest individual in each quadrant. Also performing well were the variable area transect, the ordered distance estimator using the third closest individual, and an extension of the Kendall-Moran estimator that searches for the second nearest neighbor and pools search areas from all sample points. Opinions and recommendations are given as to which PDEs perform well enough and are practical enough to deserve strong consideration for use in the field. JF - Ecology AU - Engeman, R M AU - Sugihara, R T AU - Pank, L F AU - Dusenberry, W E AD - Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., USDA/APHIS, P.O. Box 25266, Denver, CO 80225-0266, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1769 EP - 1779 VL - 75 IS - 6 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - spatial distribution KW - game theory KW - D 04615:Ecology studies - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16611615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+plotless+density+estimators+using+Monte+Carlo+simulation&rft.au=Engeman%2C+R+M%3BSugihara%2C+R+T%3BPank%2C+L+F%3BDusenberry%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - game theory; spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limited mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in North American populations of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16611191; 3686977 AB - Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction-site variability was surveyed in geographically divergent collections of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Two types of mtDNA analysis were employed, total DNA was digested with restriction enzymes and Southern blots probed with labeled purified mtDNA, and polymerase chain reaction amplified portions of the mtDNA (16S ribosomal DNA and the COI-COII regions) were subjected to digestion with restriction enzymes and the fragments visualized directly. Individuals from four locations in the United States and Mexico were used (Georgia, California, and two in Sonora). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was also used on a smaller number of individuals from Tennessee, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas. For the total mtDNA, 11 restriction enzymes cleaved approximately 65 sites. Seven restriction enzymes cleaved approximately 30 restriction sites using PCR-RFLP. Seven haplotypes were identified with each technique. Haplotype 1 (total mtDNA) comprised 85% of individuals. The other six haplotypes were found only once or twice. Haplotype 1 (PCR) was found in 91% of the individuals. The other five haplotypes were rare. Population distributions show that the rare haplotypes are scattered among the geographical locations. No major geographically distinct populations were discovered. This suggests that the overall population passed through a bottleneck and expanded from a small population in recent evolutionary history, or that it annually expands from a common reservoir population, or that incoming migrants breed freely with those that may have overwintered locally, or a combination of the three. The findings are consistent with the reported migratory nature of the species, distribution of morphometric types in the western hemisphere, and a survey of enzymatic polymorphisms in the southern United States. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Roehrdanz, R L AU - Lopez, J D AU - Loera, J AU - Hendricks, DE AD - Biosci. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 856 EP - 866 VL - 87 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lepidoptera KW - polymorphism KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - geographical variations KW - mitochondrial DNA KW - population genetics KW - USA KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects KW - G 07290:Population genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16611191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Limited+mitochondrial+DNA+polymorphism+in+North+American+populations+of+Heliothis+virescens+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Roehrdanz%2C+R+L%3BLopez%2C+J+D%3BLoera%2C+J%3BHendricks%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Roehrdanz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; USA; mitochondrial DNA; population genetics; polymorphism; geographical variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple and rapid preparation of infected plant tissue extracts for PCR amplification of virus, viroid, and MLO nucleic acids AN - 16611113; 3681480 AB - A rapid, simple method for preparing plant tissues infected with viruses, viroids, or MLOs using a commercial product known as Gene Releaser super(TM) is described. The Gene Releaser super(TM) polymeric matrix method produced plant extracts suitable for PCR amplification without the use of organic solvents, ethanol precipitation, or additional nucleic acid purification techniques. Modification of maceration methods and/or extraction buffers resulted in the PCR amplification of potato spindle tuber, apple scar skin, and dapple apple viroids, as well as, genomic segments of plum pox potyvirus, grapevine virus B, grapevine leafroll-associated virus III, and elm yellows MLO. These pathogens were amplified from tissue of woody and herbaceous hosts such as peach, apricot, apple, grapevine, elm, periwinkle and potato. The application of this product for use with intractable tissue avoids lengthy and laborious extraction procedures. In our hands, about 20 samples could be prepared for PCR or RT-PCR in 1-2 h versus 1-3 days. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Levy, L AU - Lee, I-M AU - Hadidi, A AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Germplasm Res. Lab., 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-W, Build. 011A, Rm 106, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 295 EP - 304 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - nucleic acids KW - potato spindle tuber virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - potyvirus KW - plant extracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - grapevine virus B KW - detection KW - isolation KW - infection KW - V 22181:Detection KW - W2 32250:Others KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16611113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Simple+and+rapid+preparation+of+infected+plant+tissue+extracts+for+PCR+amplification+of+virus%2C+viroid%2C+and+MLO+nucleic+acids&rft.au=Levy%2C+L%3BLee%2C+I-M%3BHadidi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; plant extracts; detection; isolation; infection; potyvirus; grapevine virus B ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extended survival of the parasitic honey bee mite Tropilaelaps clareae on adult workers of Apis mellifera and Apis dorsata AN - 16611047; 3681336 AB - The survival of adult female Tropilaelaps clareae of unknown age on caged adult workers of Apis mellifera was investigated in ambient conditions during the rainy season in northern Thailand and in an incubator maintained at 35 degree C and 60% RH. Under both conditions, a small percentage of T. clareae survived for three days. A similar experiment using adult T. clareae on caged adult workers of Apis dorsata produced similar results: a small percentage of mites survived for three days. The observed survival of T. clareae, whether on A. mellifera or A. dorsata, is about one day longer than previously reported. It is now clear that the highly pestiferous T. clareae could easily survive even the longest of international airline flights. JF - Journal of Apicultural Research AU - Rinderer, TE AU - Oldroyd, B P AU - Lekprayoon, C AU - Wongsiri, S AU - Boonthai, C AU - Thapa, R AD - USDA-ARS, Honey-Bee Breeding, Genet. and Physiol. Res. Lab., 1157 Ben Hur Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 171 EP - 174 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8839, 0021-8839 KW - Tropilaelaps clareae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - parasites KW - Thailand KW - Laelapidae KW - Apis mellifera KW - workers KW - Apis dorsata KW - survival KW - Hymenoptera KW - Acari KW - Apidae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16611047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Apicultural+Research&rft.atitle=Extended+survival+of+the+parasitic+honey+bee+mite+Tropilaelaps+clareae+on+adult+workers+of+Apis+mellifera+and+Apis+dorsata&rft.au=Rinderer%2C+TE%3BOldroyd%2C+B+P%3BLekprayoon%2C+C%3BWongsiri%2C+S%3BBoonthai%2C+C%3BThapa%2C+R&rft.aulast=Rinderer&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Apicultural+Research&rft.issn=00218839&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apis dorsata; Acari; Hymenoptera; Apidae; Laelapidae; Thailand; survival; workers; parasites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of the effect of chitosan on decay of bell pepper fruit AN - 16610755; 3683257 AB - Effect of chitosan treatment on the infection process of bell pepper fruit by Botrytis cinerea was investigated at the ultrastructural level. In inoculated control tissues, fungal colonization proceeded rapidly, causing extensive degradation of host walls and middle lamellae. Such alterations were also observed over walls distant from invading hyphae. In chitosan-treated tissue, however, fungal cells were mainly restricted to wound cavities and ruptured epidermal cells. Host walls, even when appressed against invading hyphae, appeared well preserved and showed no sign of alteration. While in inoculated control tissues, invading hyphae appeared normal, the fungal cells detected in chitosan-treated tissue displayed various degrees of cellular disorganization from wall loosening to protoplasm degradation. Structural host defence responses such as formation of wall appositions and plugging of intercellular spaces with fibrillar material were frequently observed in chitosan-treated tissues. Such structure reacted intensely with an Aplysia gonad lectin-gold complex, indicating the presence of pectic residues. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - El Ghaouth, A AU - Arul, J AU - Wilson, C AU - Benhamou, N AD - USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Res. Stn., 45 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 417 EP - 432 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - chitosan KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - ultrastructure KW - fruits KW - post-harvest decay KW - Capsicum KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16610755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Ultrastructural+and+cytochemical+aspects+of+the+effect+of+chitosan+on+decay+of+bell+pepper+fruit&rft.au=El+Ghaouth%2C+A%3BArul%2C+J%3BWilson%2C+C%3BBenhamou%2C+N&rft.aulast=El+Ghaouth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Botrytis cinerea; Capsicum; post-harvest decay; fruits; ultrastructure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chronic alcohol ingestion on hepatic folate distribution in the rat AN - 16609983; 3678862 AB - The mechanism by which ethanol impairs folate metabolism remains uncertain. In the present study, we used our new technique (affinity/HPLC) for folate analysis to study the effect of chronic alcohol ingestion on the content and distribution of folates in livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The data are discussed in relation to the possibility that alcohol exerts its effect through: (1) inhibition of B12-dependent methyl transfer from methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine; (2) diversion of formylated tetrahydrofolates toward serine synthesis; and (3) interaction of acetaldehyde with tetrahydrofolates, thereby interfering with folate coenzyme metabolism. JF - Biochemical Pharmacology AU - Hidiroglou, N AU - Camilo, ME AU - Beckenhauer, H C AU - Tuma, D J AU - Barak, A J AU - Nixon, P F AU - Selhub, J AD - USDA Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent. Aging, Tufts Univ., Boston, MA 02111, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1561 EP - 1566 VL - 47 IS - 9 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - ethanol KW - folic acid KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - liver KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16609983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chronic+alcohol+ingestion+on+hepatic+folate+distribution+in+the+rat&rft.au=Hidiroglou%2C+N%3BCamilo%2C+ME%3BBeckenhauer%2C+H+C%3BTuma%2C+D+J%3BBarak%2C+A+J%3BNixon%2C+P+F%3BSelhub%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hidiroglou&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - liver ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of settlements and NEPA in deciding the "best public interest" in hydro licensing, Consumers Power projects, Michigan AN - 16608705; 3676305 AB - Consumers Power owns and operates 11 hydroelectric projects on the Au Sable, Manistee and Muskegon Rivers in lower Michigan that were part of more than 180 projects in the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) relicensing class of 1993. In 1992, Consumers, the U.S. Forest Service (FS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Michigan Department of Natural resources negotiated a Settlement Agreement (SA) that resolved all major issues related to future operation of the projects. The Commission staff, with the FS as a cooperating agency, the developed three river basin Environmental Assessments (EA) to evaluate the licenses and the SA. This presentation examines the comprehensive nature of the SA and offers insights into the negotiation dynamics. The relationship between the SA and the joint agency EA process will also be explored to aid in the understanding of the role these elements play in the Commission's final determination of the "best public interest". JF - Lake and Reservoir Management AU - Bernier, J R AU - Solomon, MJ AU - Schaeffer, K AU - Battige, D S AD - USDA Forest Serv., Huron-Manistee Natl. Forests, 421 S. Mitchell St., Cadillac, MI 49601, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 56 EP - 57 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0743-8141, 0743-8141 KW - development projects KW - environmental impact KW - environmental impact statement KW - environmental legislation KW - government policy KW - hydroelectric plants KW - hydroelectric power plants KW - interagency cooperation KW - public participation KW - sociological aspects KW - utilities KW - water resources management KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Michigan KW - licensing KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - Q2 09126:Sociology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16608705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=The+role+of+settlements+and+NEPA+in+deciding+the+%22best+public+interest%22+in+hydro+licensing%2C+Consumers+Power+projects%2C+Michigan&rft.au=Bernier%2C+J+R%3BSolomon%2C+MJ%3BSchaeffer%2C+K%3BBattige%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Bernier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Abstract only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - licensing; environmental impact; sociological aspects; hydroelectric power plants; development projects; environmental legislation; interagency cooperation; water resources management; public participation; hydroelectric plants; utilities; environmental impact statement; USA, Michigan; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A framework for regional agroecosystems characterization using the National Resources Inventory AN - 16606249; 3673168 AB - An agroecological framework is used to examine the relations among natural resources and agriculture. Spatial representation of selected agroecosystems characteristics was accomplished using the National Resources Inventory (NRI). Natural resource and anthropogenic variables from the NRI were spatially aggregated to produce maps showing the regional variability in area-weighted values of agroecosystem components. Maps of natural vegetation, agricultural land use, crop diversity, artificial drainage, irrigation, net soil loss, and conservation practices show the extent to which resources have been modified to support agriculture in the Midwest. The frequency of land used for crops and pasture exceeds 70% in much of the region. Natural vegetation occupies less than 10% of the land in many areas. Subsurface and surface drainage, more than 35% of some areas, has contributed to loss of wetlands having a direct effect on water quality. Irrigation has diverted water from natural ecosystems and increased the potential for leaching of agrichemicals. Excess erosion may threaten long-term productivity in parts of the region even though conservation practices have been implemented. Examination of these and other elements in an agroecosystem framework may be useful in the search for systems to sustain agriculture and natural resources in the region. Such a framework can also be used to locate areas where mitigation of degraded resources is most needed; identify areas where research into causes of degradation can yield the most information; and where policies to improve off-site damage may be most effectively implemented. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Burkart, M R AU - Oberle, S L AU - Hewitt, MJ AU - Pickus, J AD - USDA-ARS, 232 Natl. Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 866 EP - 874 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - sustainable development KW - mapping KW - land use KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16606249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=A+framework+for+regional+agroecosystems+characterization+using+the+National+Resources+Inventory&rft.au=Burkart%2C+M+R%3BOberle%2C+S+L%3BHewitt%2C+MJ%3BPickus%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burkart&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural practices; mapping; land use; sustainable development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sunflower seed weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their parasitoids from native sunflowers (Helianthus) in the northern Great Plains AN - 16606149; 3672765 AB - Seed weevils and their associated parasitoids were collected from sunflower heads of eight Helianthus spp. in seven states of the northern Great Plains. Native Helianthus annuus L. constituted the majority of the populations. Weevil larvae collected included both the red and gray sunflower seed weevils, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte and S. sordidus LeConte, respectively. The gray sunflower seed weevils represented 92.4% of the adults collected. Weevil larvae occurred in most samples of sunflower heads; usually more than one-half of the samples contained one or both weevil species. Density of weevil larvae was low, usually less than one larva per sunflower head. Each native species of sunflower, except H. annuus, had a lower incidence of the red sunflower seed weevil than gray sunflower seed weevil. Populations of some sunflower species may possess genes offering resistance to the red sunflower seed weevil and should be evaluated further for resistance to the species. We identified five species of endoparasitic Hymenoptera from the two weevil species, Eutrichosoma mirabile Ashmead (Pteromalidae) and four species of Braconidae; and Urosigalphus femoratus Crawford, Nealiolus rufus (Riley), N. curculionis (Fitch), and Triaspis aequoris Martin. U. femoratus was the most prevalent parasitoid species, representing approximately 45% of the adults reared from the weevil larvae. These parasitoid species, except N. curculionis, represent new host records from the red and gray sunflower seed weevils. Parasitization rates averaged 0-18.0%. Weevil larvae in seeds of native sunflowers were parasitized more heavily than others have reported for larvae from seeds of cultivated sunflower. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Charlet, L D AU - Seiler, G J AD - North. Crop Sci. Lab., USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 831 EP - 835 VL - 87 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - Coleoptera KW - parasitoids KW - USA KW - Curculionidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Helianthus KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16606149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Sunflower+seed+weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+and+their+parasitoids+from+native+sunflowers+%28Helianthus%29+in+the+northern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Charlet%2C+L+D%3BSeiler%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Charlet&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helianthus; Curculionidae; Coleoptera; Hymenoptera; USA; parasitoids; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of foundational research AN - 16604097; 3676596 AB - New biological agents, at the time of their discovery, are often unknown entities. Virtually nothing is known about many aspects of their biology and behavior prior to laboratory testing or subsequent implementation. Also, lack of critical information on the biology of target plant or the ecology of the aquatic system into which use of the agent is contemplated can preclude attainment of key objectives. When these obstacles are encountered, it may become necessary to delay the overall program until this critical foundational information is acquired. Foundational research may also be needed to enhance the effectiveness of established biological agents. For example, it might be possible to attain quicker or better control by augmenting existent insect bioagent populations. Augmentation is usually difficult, however, because of the problems associated with acquiring large numbers of the organism. Basic research to identify semiochemical attractants that could be used to trap large quantities of the bioagent or to lure them to target areas could overcome this obstacle. Because of the complexities involved, interagency cooperation is essential to identify operational problems, define critical questions, and design and conduct the research needed to overcome these obstacles when they are encountered. JF - Lake and Reservoir Management AU - Center, T D AD - USDA-ARS, Aquat. Weed Res., 3205 College Ave., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 63 EP - 64 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0743-8141, 0743-8141 KW - behaviour KW - biocontrol KW - biological agents KW - hazard assessment KW - interagency cooperation KW - pest control KW - research priorities KW - research programs KW - water resources management KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - aquatic plants KW - ecosystems KW - laboratories KW - public health KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16604097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=Application+of+foundational+research&rft.au=Center%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Center&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Abstract only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest control; behaviour; aquatic plants; research programs; ecosystems; hazard assessment; laboratories; public health; biocontrol; interagency cooperation; water resources management; research priorities ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of acidic hydrolases with chitinase and chitosanase activities from sweet orange callus tissue AN - 16603391; 3669711 AB - Acidic chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) were isolated and characterized from 4-week-old nonembryogenic Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv 'Valencia' callus tissue. The enzymes were purified using size exclusion, anion exchange, and chromatofocusing HPLC techniques. Eleven isoforms were isolated with M sub(r)s between 26,000 and 37,400. Eight of the isoforms were purified to homogeneity, and all but one cross-reacted with a polyclonal antibody raised against a basic class I potato leaf chitinase. The isoelectric points (determined by chromatofocusing) were from pH 4.5 to 5.4. All hydrolases degraded chitin and four were capable of hydrolyzing solubilized shrimp shell chitosan suggesting they may be chitosanases (EC 3.2.1.99). Apparent chitosanase activity generally decreased with decreasing acetylation of the chitosan (i.e. from 20% to 0% acetylation). The chitinases and chitinases/chitosanases are predominantly endochitinases. Chitosanase activity was optimal at pH 5 while the pH optimum for chitinase activity ranged between pH 3.5 and 5.5. The chitinases and chitinases/chitosanases were stable up to 60 degree C and showed their highest enzyme activity at that temperature. N-terminal sequences were obtained on three of the isoforms. One of the isoforms was identified as a class II chitinase and the other two as class III chitinases. JF - Plant & Cell Physiology AU - Osswald, W F AU - Shapiro, J P AU - Doostdar, H AU - McDonald, R E AU - Niedz, R P AU - Nairn, C J AU - Hearn, C J AU - Mayer, R T AD - U.S. Horticult. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, 2120 Camden Rd., Orlando, FL 32803-1419, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 811 EP - 820 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0032-0781, 0032-0781 KW - chitinase KW - chitosan KW - chitosanase KW - hydrolase KW - temperature KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Citrus sinensis KW - chitin KW - isolation KW - callus culture KW - characterization KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16603391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+%26+Cell+Physiology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+acidic+hydrolases+with+chitinase+and+chitosanase+activities+from+sweet+orange+callus+tissue&rft.au=Osswald%2C+W+F%3BShapiro%2C+J+P%3BDoostdar%2C+H%3BMcDonald%2C+R+E%3BNiedz%2C+R+P%3BNairn%2C+C+J%3BHearn%2C+C+J%3BMayer%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Osswald&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+%26+Cell+Physiology&rft.issn=00320781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chitin; isolation; characterization; callus culture; Citrus sinensis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population levels of tarnished plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) and beneficial arthropods following early-season treatments of Geranium dissectum for control of bollworms and tobacco budworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16603335; 3667580 AB - Wild geranium, Geranium dissectum L., was treated between late March and early April to control the F sub(1) larval generation of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Treatments were a single mowing, a single application of the herbicide (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D), four applications of Heliothis nuclear-polyhedrosis virus (Elcar) formulated with Bacillus thuringiensis (Thuricide) and Gustol (a feeding stimulant), and an untreated check. Tarnished plant bugs, Lugus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) and beneficial arthropods were sampled weekly during a 7-wk period to determine effects of the treatments on their numbers. The Elcar (virus) treatment had no significant effect on numbers of beneficial arthropods or L. lineolaris. Beneficial arthropod numbers were reduced by the mowing and 2,4-D treatments by an average 56.5 and 45.6% (as compared with those in the untreated check), respectively. Tarnished plant bug numbers were reduced by an average 40.5% for adults and 78.8% for nymphs by the mowing treatment, while reductions averaged 65.3% for adults and 72.9% for nymphs after the 2,4-D treatment. The effectiveness of mowing and 2,4-D treatment in reducing numbers of L. lineolaris, along with their previously reported effectiveness against F sub(1) larvae of H. virescens and H. zea found in G. dissectum, make these treatments potentially valuable control options for the three pests during the early season before their movement into cotton. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Snodgrass, G L AU - Stadelbacher, E A AD - South. Insect Manag. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1091 EP - 1096 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1045-1356, 1045-1356 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - geranium dissectum KW - biological control KW - population levels KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - beneficial arthropods KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16603335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Population+levels+of+tarnished+plant+bugs+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29+and+beneficial+arthropods+following+early-season+treatments+of+Geranium+dissectum+for+control+of+bollworms+and+tobacco+budworms+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Snodgrass%2C+G+L%3BStadelbacher%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Snodgrass&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1091&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=10451356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geranium dissectum; Heliothis virescens; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; population levels; beneficial arthropods; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling guidelines for old-growth forests in the Midwest, USA AN - 16602387; 3665634 AB - Old-growth forests in the Midwest occur in tracts ranging from a few to a few hundred hectares in size. As more resources are directed toward understanding the unique features of these old forests, there will be new opportunities to inventory the vegetation on these areas and to compare the observed composition and structure with that of other old-growth and second-growth forests. Such comparisons are meaningful only if the sampling procedures are sufficiently sensitive to detect differences that are of practical importance. Based on detailed inventories of five upland old-growth tracts in Missouri, Indiana, and Illinois, we examine the relation between sampling intensity in old forests and precision of estimates for (1) measures of stand density, (2) coarse woody debris, and (3) species richness/diversity. Sample sizes necessary to estimate mean basal area and number of trees per hectare within plus or minus 10% of the mean can often be accomplished with 30 or fewer 0.1-ha plots. Estimating the density of dead trees, the volume of coarse woody debris, or the density of trees by individual species groups within plus or minus 10% of the mean can require several hundred 0.1-ha plots. Effects of plot size are discussed, and some practical aspects of inventorying midwestern old-growth forests are addressed. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Shifley AU - Schlesinger, R C AD - N. Cent. Forest, Exp. Stn., USDA, Forest Serv., 1-26 Agric. Build., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 258 EP - 268 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA KW - sampling KW - vegetation surveys KW - old growth KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16602387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Sampling+guidelines+for+old-growth+forests+in+the+Midwest%2C+USA&rft.au=Shifley%3BSchlesinger%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Shifley&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; forests; old growth; vegetation surveys; sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizal colonization, hyphal lengths, and soil moisture associated with two Artemisia tridentata subspecies AN - 16600829; 3662497 AB - Mycorrhizal fungi are thought to benefit associated plant species via enhanced nutrient uptake and/or improved water relations. However, detailed descriptions of the components of mycorrhizal colonization and mycorrhizal hyphal growth are not available for Artemisia tridentata. This species occupies sites characterized by relatively low levels of both soil nutrients and moisture. We studied patterns of vesicular, arbuscular, and hyphal mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal hyphal lengths, and soil moisture associated with two subspecies of A. tridentata over a 2-year period. A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana (ATV) is generally associated with more mesic and slightly higher elevation sites compared to A. tridentata spp. tridentata (ATT). Nearly twice as much precipitation was received the first year compared to the second. In general, there were higher levels of colonization and hyphal lengths associated with ATV than with ATT. The ATV site received slightly more precipitation and was lower in available nutrients than the ATT site. Hyphal lengths and arbuscular colonization appeared more responsive to precipitation than were either vesicular or hyphal colonization. Hyphal colonization did not necessarily follow the same temporal pattern as hyphal lengths. Thus, mycorrhizal activity was greater for the subspecies that received slightly more precipitation and occupied a site lower in available nutrients. Arbuscular colonization and hyphal lengths appeared to be most closely associated with soil moisture and thus plant activity. JF - Great Basin Naturalist AU - Trent, J D AU - Svejcar, T J AU - Blank, R R AD - USDA-ARS, HC 71, 4.51 Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 291 EP - 300 VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 0017-3614, 0017-3614 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Artemisia tridentata KW - soil moisture KW - mycorrhizas KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16600829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizal+colonization%2C+hyphal+lengths%2C+and+soil+moisture+associated+with+two+Artemisia+tridentata+subspecies&rft.au=Trent%2C+J+D%3BSvejcar%2C+T+J%3BBlank%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Trent&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.issn=00173614&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Artemisia tridentata; mycorrhizas; soil moisture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interference between mayweed chamomile (Anthemis cotula) and pea (Pisum sativum) is affected by form of interference and soil water regime AN - 16600560; 3666927 AB - Effects of root-shoot interference, soil water regimes, and soil nitrogen were evaluated to determine aggressivity for pea relative to mayweed chamomile in the greenhouse using replacement series experiments. Interference between pea and mayweed chamomile occurred mainly below ground, and soil water was more important than soil nitrogen in controlling the outcome of interference. Pea was a stronger competitor than mayweed chamomile under all conditions investigated. Leaf area, root weight, and shoot weight of mayweed chamomile were reduced 55 to 87% by full interference and 27 to 60% by root only interference from pea. Full interference from mayweed chamomile for 53 days after planting released the remaining pea from intraspecific interference and it grew 80% larger and produced 100% more pod weight compared to a pea in monoculture. Low soil water potential (-175 kPa) compared to high water potential (-33 kPa) reduced the height, leaf area, and shoot weight of pea in 1:1 mixtures, but had no effect on mayweed chamomile. Decreasing soil water increased the aggressivity of mayweed chamomile relative to pea. Nitrogen added at 20 mg/wk compared to no added nitrogen had no effect on peas, but more than doubled the size of mayweed chamomile in monoculture and in mixtures with pea. Added nitrogen did not increase the aggressivity of mayweed chamomile relative to pea. JF - Weed Science AU - Ogg, AG Jr AU - Stephens, R H AU - Gealy AD - ARS-USDA, 165 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 579 EP - 585 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - mayweed chamomile KW - pea KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - plant growth KW - weeds KW - plant water potential KW - legumes KW - nitrogen KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16600560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Interference+between+mayweed+chamomile+%28Anthemis+cotula%29+and+pea+%28Pisum+sativum%29+is+affected+by+form+of+interference+and+soil+water+regime&rft.au=Ogg%2C+AG+Jr%3BStephens%2C+R+H%3BGealy&rft.aulast=Ogg&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant water potential; soil-water-plant relationships; nitrogen; weeds; legumes; plant growth; USA, Pacific Northwest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnosis of African horsesickness AN - 16598788; 3681486 AB - African horsesickness (AHS) is a very serious, non-contagious disease of horses and other solipeds caused by an arthropod-borne orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The epizootic nature of the disease makes rapid, accurate diagnosis of AHS absolutely essential. Currently, diagnosis of AHS is based on typical clinical signs and lesions, a history consistent with vector transmission and confirmation by laboratory detection of virus and/or anti-AHS virus antibodies. The clinicopathologic presentation of AHS, current and next generation laboratory diagnostic methods are discussed. JF - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AU - Laegreid, W W AD - Mol. Pathol. Unit, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA/ARS, Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 297 EP - 303 VL - 17 IS - 3-4 SN - 0147-9571, 0147-9571 KW - horses KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vectors KW - antibodies KW - reovirus KW - orbivirus KW - African horse sickness KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - W2 32410:Veterinary Medicine: Diagnosis KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16598788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+of+African+horsesickness&rft.au=Laegreid%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Laegreid&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=01479571&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: The Reoviridae. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vectors; antibodies; African horse sickness; polymerase chain reaction; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; reovirus; orbivirus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of drift of discrete sizes of water droplets from field sprayers AN - 16598478; 3660218 AB - The drift distances of water droplets from field sprayers were determined for several variables with a computational fluid dynamics computer program. The simulation variables for drift distances up to 200 m included: droplet size (10 to 2000 mu m), wind velocity (0.5 to 10.0 m/s), initial droplet velocity (0 to 50 m/s), discharge height (0.25 to 4.0 m), temperature (10 degree to 30 degree C), relative humidity (10 to 100%), and 20% turbulence intensity. Except at low temperature and high relative humidity, all 50- mu m-diameter and smaller droplets completely evaporated before depositing 0.5 m below the point of discharge for all simulated conditions. Drift distances increased with increasing wind velocity and discharge height, but decreased with increasing initial downward droplet velocity for 100- mu m-diameter and larger water droplets. Changes in ambient temperature and relative humidity had much greater influence on drift distances of water droplets less than 100- mu m-diameter than on 200- mu m-diameter and larger droplets. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Zhu, H AU - Reichard, D L AU - Fox, R D AU - Brazee, R D AU - Ozkan, HE AD - USDA-ARS, Applic. Technol. Res. Unit, OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1401 EP - 1408 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - computer programs KW - relative humidity KW - air temperature KW - water distribution KW - pesticides KW - simulation KW - irrigation water KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16598478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+drift+of+discrete+sizes+of+water+droplets+from+field+sprayers&rft.au=Zhu%2C+H%3BReichard%2C+D+L%3BFox%2C+R+D%3BBrazee%2C+R+D%3BOzkan%2C+HE&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water distribution; irrigation water; air temperature; relative humidity; pesticides; simulation; computer programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monoclonal antibody against the plant growth regulator, abscisic acid AN - 16596880; 3681008 AB - Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against the plant growth regulator abscisic acid (ABA) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin through C-4. One of these antibodies was characterized for use in a competition fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (F-ELISA). The antibody detected femtomole quantities of ABA when used in the F-ELISA and showed minimal cross-reactivity with ABA metabolites and structural analogs. Dilution analysis suggested that the F-ELISA could be used to determine the ABA content of methanolic extracts of crude samples of wheat seeds without further purification. The F-ELISA was used to determine the effect of seed priming on ABA levels in wheat seeds. The antibody also was used in a modified noncompetitive indirect ELISA to measure ABA content of wheat caryopses. The noncompetitive ELISA was more sensitive than the F-ELISA, although the F-ELISA had a broader measuring range. When our anti-ABA antibody and a commercially available anti-ABA antibody were compared by indirect ELISA, there were no significant differences between the ABA estimates. JF - Hybridoma AU - Banowetz, G M AU - Hess, J R AU - Carman, J G AD - USDA-ARS, 3450 S.W. Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 537 EP - 542 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0272-457X, 0272-457X KW - abscisic acid KW - wheat caryopses KW - wheat seeds KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - W2 32375:Antibodies KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16596880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hybridoma&rft.atitle=A+monoclonal+antibody+against+the+plant+growth+regulator%2C+abscisic+acid&rft.au=Banowetz%2C+G+M%3BHess%2C+J+R%3BCarman%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Banowetz&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hybridoma&rft.issn=0272457X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - monoclonal antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of light, nitrogen, and phosphorus on red pine seedling growth and nutrient use efficiency AN - 16596571; 3657393 AB - Growth and nutrient use efficiency were determined for red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings grown at various levels of light, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nutrient use efficiency was estimated for nitrogen (NUE) and phosphorus (PUE) and was calculated as biomass production divided by total nutrient content. Seedlings grown in high light had four to five times more biomass than those in the low light treatment. Nitrogen supply had a significant effect on total biomass as well as other biomass components. Phosphorus supply did not have a significant effect on any of the biomass components. NUE and PUE decreased with increased supply of N and P, respectively. The results of this study suggest that red pine seedlings can adjust their nutrient use efficiency, particularly for N, when light and nutrient availability are varied. NUE was highest with high light and low N-high P supply in nutrient solutions. JF - Forest Science AU - Elliott, K J AU - White, A S AD - Coweeta Hydrol. Lab., Southeast. For. Exp. Stn., USDA For. Serv., Otto, NC 287637, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 47 EP - 58 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0015-749X, 0015-749X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - nutrient availability KW - light intensity KW - USA, Maine KW - Pinus resinosa KW - seedlings KW - growth KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16596571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+light%2C+nitrogen%2C+and+phosphorus+on+red+pine+seedling+growth+and+nutrient+use+efficiency&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BWhite%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Science&rft.issn=0015749X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus resinosa; USA, Maine; nutrient availability; light intensity; growth; seedlings ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The importance of nutrient pulses in tropical forests AN - 16596176; 3657152 AB - Recent research shows that nutrient fluxes are often pulsed in tropical forests, and that pulsed versus gradual inputs have different effects on the fates of nutrients in the ecosystem. Synchrony of nutrient mineralization with plant uptake can lower competition between microbes and plants for limiting nutrients while maintaining tight nutrient cycling, whereas asynchrony can lead to losses of nutrients from the system. Thus, nutrient pulses may play a critical role in maintaining productivity in tropical forests with tight nutrient cycling. JF - Trends in Ecology & Evolution AU - Lodge, D J AU - McDowell, W H AU - McSwiney, C P AD - Cent. Forest Mycol. Res., USDA-Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., P.O. Box B, Palmer, 00721 Puerto Rico Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 384 EP - 387 VL - 9 IS - 10 SN - 0169-5347, 0169-5347 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - tropical environment KW - soil microorganisms KW - primary production KW - nutrient cycles KW - D 04126:Tropical forests KW - A 01044:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16596176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+nutrient+pulses+in+tropical+forests&rft.au=Lodge%2C+D+J%3BMcDowell%2C+W+H%3BMcSwiney%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.issn=01695347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nutrient cycles; tropical environment; forests; primary production; soil microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of targeted erythrocytes coated with recombinant human interleukin 2 on T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro AN - 16595009; 3679168 AB - Mouse red blood cells (RBC) were incubated with recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL 2) in protein-free media. Of the added cytokine, about 20% was bound to the cells. Dissociation of rIL 2 from RBC commenced when the carrier cells were transferred into fresh media. The release from the RBC vehicle was enhanced in the presence of soluble protein. When rIL 2-coated RBC (RBC-IL2) were incubated in protein-containing media for 24 h to release the majority of bound rIL 2, and then were subsequently incubated in fresh media with an IL 2-dependent cytotoxic T cell line (CTLL), residual bound rIL 2 was still released as demonstrated by CTLL proliferation. RBC were covalently coupled to specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) towards the lymphocyte cell-surface marker Thy1.2, coated with rIL 2, subsequently exposed to the target CTLL cells, then evaluated for CTLL/RBC rosette formation. The attachment of mAb to the RBC's surface did not markedly change the succeeding rIL 2 adsorption, and the bound rIL 2 did not impair antigen recognition by the mAb. At higher rIL 2 concentrations (1200-1500 i.u./10 super(8) cells), RBC-IL2 plus Thy1.2 mAb provided higher CTLL response than when RBC-IL2 plus non-specific mAb was used thus demonstrating enhancement by targeting. However, the targeting effects were not seen with lower rIL 2 concentrations (80-110 i.u./10 super(8) cells). JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Kirch, HJ AU - Moyes, R B AU - Chiarantini, L AU - DeLoach, J R AD - Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, Rt. 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 331 EP - 340 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - interleukin 2 KW - erythrocytes KW - lymphocytes T KW - proliferation KW - immune response KW - W3 33330:Cytokines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16595009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+targeted+erythrocytes+coated+with+recombinant+human+interleukin+2+on+T-lymphocyte+proliferation+in+vitro&rft.au=Kirch%2C+HJ%3BMoyes%2C+R+B%3BChiarantini%2C+L%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Kirch&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - interleukin 2; erythrocytes; proliferation; lymphocytes T; immune response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enteric septicemia resistance in blue catfish and three channel catfish strains AN - 16593897; 3680591 AB - Seven full-sib families in each of three strains of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (mean weight, 10.7 g; SD, 2.6 g) and one family of blue catfish I. furcatus (mean, 10.9 g; SD, 0.4 g) were challenged by immersion with the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of enteric septicemia, to evaluate variation in disease resistance. Blue catfish were resistant to infection and had only 0.7% mortality. Significant (P < 0.001) variation in channel catfish resistance was found among strains, families, and body weights. Red River strain channel catfish were the most resistant (14.9% mortality), followed by Mississippi-select fish (67.1%) and Mississippi-normal fish (72.3%). Mean family mortality of channel catfish ranged from 1.3% in a Red River family to 95.3% in a Mississippi-select family. Although weight had a significant effect on survival, the regression slope of survival on weight was -0.10 (SE, 0.02). Sources of variation in channel catfish mortality adjusted for weight were 67.3% from strains, 29.7% from families, and 3.0% from replicate tanks. The mechanism for differential resistance presently is unknown. Results indicate considerable potential for reducing disease losses by using E. ictaluri-resistant catfish strains in aquaculture and for genetic improvement in resistance via selective breeding programs. JF - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AU - Wolters, W R AU - Johnson, M R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Catfish Genet. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 329 EP - 334 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0899-7659, 0899-7659 KW - bacterial diseases KW - cultured organisms KW - enteric septicemia KW - fish diseases KW - selective breeding KW - septicemia KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - disease transmission KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - USA KW - Ictalurus furcatus KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16593897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.atitle=Enteric+septicemia+resistance+in+blue+catfish+and+three+channel+catfish+strains&rft.au=Wolters%2C+W+R%3BJohnson%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Wolters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.issn=08997659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; cultured organisms; disease transmission; fish diseases; selective breeding; bacterial diseases; septicemia; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus furcatus; Ictalurus punctatus; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural variants of methyl eugenol and their attractiveness to the Oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16593630; 3678086 AB - Eight of 44 selected analogs of veratrole showed promise as attractants for male, oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, in week-long field tests when compared with a standard methyl eugenol (ME) lure. 4-Propyl- and 4(and 5)-allyl-2-ethoxy-1-methoxybenzene were the most effective of the eight promising lures showing high levels of initial and persistent attraction. 4-Ethyl-2-ethoxy-1-methoxybenzene showed a high level of initial attraction but lacked persistence as did its corresponding dimethoxy analog. High levels of attractancy demonstrated by several analogs evaluated in this study suggest that they could serve as potential alternatives to ME, if a critical need arises and their toxicity is acceptable. Despite previous studies showing that 889 chemicals were attractive to D. dorsalis in olfactometer tests, only three of the chemicals showed promise in the field. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - DeMilo, AB AU - Cunningham, R T AU - McGovern, T P AD - Insect Chem. Ecol. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 957 EP - 964 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - methyl eugenol KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - pest control KW - attractants KW - Tephritidae KW - attractancy KW - Dacus dorsalis KW - Diptera KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16593630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Structural+variants+of+methyl+eugenol+and+their+attractiveness+to+the+Oriental+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=DeMilo%2C+AB%3BCunningham%2C+R+T%3BMcGovern%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=DeMilo&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dacus dorsalis; Tephritidae; Diptera; attractants; attractancy; pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scent-station visits as an index to abundance of raccoons: An experimental manipulation AN - 16592491; 3677144 AB - We tested the premise that rates of visitation by raccoons (Procyon lotor) to scent stations vary directly with population density by manipulating the density of an island population of this carnivore in middle Tennessee. Despite its widespread use, the scent-station index to population size has not been validated. General protocol for scent stations followed previous investigators; radiotelemetry was used to monitor individual behavior of raccoons. We determined minimum population size from the records of known captures and compared them with visits to scent stations recorded twice monthly during an initial period with no manipulation (May 1987-August 1988); similar procedures were used during an experimental period (September 1988-August 1989) when raccoons were removed and held on the mainland for ca. 1 month during each season and then returned to the island. Abundance of raccoons on the island ranged from 32 to 42 when estimated twice each month; computed indices of relative abundance varied from zero to 286. Rates of visitation by raccoons were highest in spring and summer during both the baseline and experimental period. Visits to scent stations were independent of density throughout the study. During the experimental period, both the largest and smallest observed indices of relative abundance occurred when an estimated 25% of the population had been removed and when all known animals (n = 40) occurred on the island. Local fluctuations of populations may precipitate changes in behavior of raccoons that preclude the use of scent stations to index abundance, particularly in heterogeneous habitats. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Smith, W P AU - Borden, D L AU - Endres, K M AD - USDA, For. Serv., South. For. Exp. Stn., South. Hardwoods Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 637 EP - 647 VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - USA Tennessee KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - behavior KW - scents KW - counting methods KW - Procyon lotor KW - seasonal variations KW - Y 25867:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - R 18057:Group behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16592491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Scent-station+visits+as+an+index+to+abundance+of+raccoons%3A+An+experimental+manipulation&rft.au=Smith%2C+W+P%3BBorden%2C+D+L%3BEndres%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Procyon lotor; population levels; counting methods; seasonal variations; behavior; scents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production, purification, and properties of a thermostable beta -glucosidase from a color variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans AN - 16591953; 3639733 AB - A color variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans (NRRL Y-12974) produced beta -glucosidase activity when grown in liquid culture on a variety of carbon sources, such as cellobiose, xylose, arabinose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, glucose, xylitol, xylan, cellulose, starch, and pullulan. An extracellular beta -glucosidase was purified 129-fold to homogeneity from the cell-free culture broth of the organism grown on corn bran. The purification protocol included ammonium sulfate treatment, CM Bio-Gel A agarose column chromatography, and gel filtrations on Bio-Gel A-0.5m and Sephacryl S-200. The beta -glucosidase was a glycoprotein with native molecular weight of 340,000 and was composed of two subunits with molecular weights of about 165,000. The enzyme displayed optimal activity at 75 degree C and pH 4.5 and had a specific activity of 315 mu mol / min / mg of protein under these conditions. The purified beta -glucosidase was active against p-nitrophenyl- beta -D-glucoside, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, cellohexaose, and celloheptaose, with K sub(m) values of 1.17, 1.00, 0.34, 0.36, 0.64, 0.68, and 1.65 mM, respectively. The enzyme activity was competitively inhibited by glucose (K sub(i) = 5.65 mM), while fructose, arabinose, galactose, mannose, and xylose (each at 56 mM) and sucrose and lactose (each at 29 mM) were not inhibitory. The enzyme did not require a metal ion for activity, and its activity was not affected by p-chloromercuribenzoate (0.2 mM), EDTA (10 mM), or dithiothreitol (10 mM). Ethanol (7.5%, vol/vol) stimulated the initial enzyme activity by 15%. Glucose production was enhanced by 7.9% when microcrystalline cellulose (2%, wt/vol) was treated for 48 h with a commercial cellulase preparation (5 U/ml) that was supplemented with the purified beta -glucosidase (0.21 U/ml) from A. pullulans. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Saha, B C AU - Freer, S N AU - Bothast, R J AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR-FBR, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3774 EP - 3780 VL - 60 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - beta -glucosidase KW - ethanol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aureobasidium pullulans KW - heat tolerance KW - color KW - purification KW - production KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16591953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production%2C+purification%2C+and+properties+of+a+thermostable+beta+-glucosidase+from+a+color+variant+strain+of+Aureobasidium+pullulans&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BFreer%2C+S+N%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - heat tolerance; color; purification; production; Aureobasidium pullulans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preservation of primary forests in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico AN - 16591617; 3677770 AB - The Caribbean National Forest, a National Forest under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service and a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Biosphere Reserve, contains the only primary tropical forests in Puerto Rico. The planning for future uses of the Caribbean National Forest has been controversial and serves as a case study of the application of federal regulations designed for continental temperate zones to insular tropical conditions. This article contains a description of the environmental and historical setting of the Caribbean National Forest and presents arguments for and against the preservation of its primary forests. Given the history of custodial management of the forest by the U.S. Forest Service, it appears unlikely that the agency will advocate conversion of the only primary tropical forests under U.S. Government jurisdiction in order to satisfy requirements of the National Wilderness Act and/or the National Forest Planning Act. The planning, management, and conservation of the Caribbean National Forest can be a model for such activities elsewhere in the Caribbean and the American tropics but only if it demonstrates a balance between intensive use of suitable stands and absolute protection of primary forests. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Lugo, A E AD - Int. Inst. Trop. For., USDA Forest Serv., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00928-2500 Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1122 EP - 1131 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - conservation KW - montane environments KW - old growth KW - D 04126:Tropical forests KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16591617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Preservation+of+primary+forests+in+the+Luquillo+Mountains%2C+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; old growth; conservation; montane environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment of the brown citrus aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Central America and the Caribbean Basin and transmission of citrus tristeza virus AN - 16591598; 3641457 AB - The brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), is distributed widely on citrus but is not known to occur in the Mediterranean region or, until recently, in North America. The brown citrus aphid is an important pest of citrus because it is an efficient vector of citrus tristeza virus. Surveys have shown that the brown citrus aphid has rapidly expanded its distribution in the Caribbean Basin and Central America. In September 1991, the brown citrus aphid was found widespread on citrus in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama but was not found in Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, or Mexico. In 1992, it was found in the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Thomas, Trinidad, and the U.S. Virgin Islands and, in 1993, in Cuba and Jamaica. The aphid was not found in the Bahamas or Bermuda in the survey. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests from citrus trees indicated that citrus tristeza virus incidence was low (<15%) in most areas and probably was caused by the use of infected budwood, rather than by aphid vectors, because of its random pattern of a few infected fields separated by tristeza-free fields. Most citrus tristeza virus isolates detected did not react with the severe-strain discriminating monoclonal citrus tristeza virus antibody, MCA13, and, thus, are probably mild strains. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Yokomi, R K AU - Lastra, R AU - Stoetzel, M B AU - Damsteegt, V D AU - Lee, R F AU - Garnsey, S M AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Rocha-Pena, MA AU - Niblett, CL AD - Hortic. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2120 Camden Rd., Orlando, FL 32803-1419, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1078 EP - 1085 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aphididae KW - Toxoptera citricida KW - citrus tristeza virus KW - disease transmission KW - crop protection KW - vectors KW - Homoptera KW - Central America KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16591598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+the+brown+citrus+aphid+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+in+Central+America+and+the+Caribbean+Basin+and+transmission+of+citrus+tristeza+virus&rft.au=Yokomi%2C+R+K%3BLastra%2C+R%3BStoetzel%2C+M+B%3BDamsteegt%2C+V+D%3BLee%2C+R+F%3BGarnsey%2C+S+M%3BGottwald%2C+T+R%3BRocha-Pena%2C+MA%3BNiblett%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Yokomi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1078&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - citrus tristeza virus; Toxoptera citricida; Aphididae; Homoptera; Central America; vectors; disease transmission; crop protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of immunization of pigs with Ascaris suum cuticle components on the development of resistance to parenteral migration during a challenge infection AN - 16591097; 3652887 AB - The development of immunity to Ascaris suum was studied in pigs immunized with isolated cuticle fragments from A. suum second and third stage larvae (L2/L3) and adult worms, and compared with other methods that stimulate a strong protective response in pigs. A significant protective response was seen in animals immunized with isolated cuticle fragments from A. suum L2/L3 and adults, but it was less than that seen in animals inoculated with UV-irradiated eggs or naturally exposed to eggs on a dirt lot. Significant IgG responses to 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME)-soluble cuticle components were seen in all groups, but the level of the antibody response did not relate to protection. Group differences in antibody and lymphocyte blastogenic responses to cuticle proteins indicated quantitative and qualitative stage specific differences in 2ME-soluble and insoluble cuticular proteins. Intestinal immunity was notably absent from cuticle immunized pigs because a marked liver white spot response was observed following the challenge inoculation. Thus, cuticle fragments from larval and adult A. suum are capable of inducing a protective response to larval migration; however, the development of intestinal immunity is not a direct function of exposure to these antigens. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Hill, DE AU - Fetterer, R H AU - Romanowski, R D AU - Urban, JF Jr AD - Biosystemat. Parasitol. Lab., Livestock & Poult. Sci. Inst., ARS/USDA, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent.-E., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 161 EP - 169 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - cuticles KW - lymphocytes KW - Ascaris suum KW - blastogenesis KW - antibody response KW - vaccination KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16591097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+immunization+of+pigs+with+Ascaris+suum+cuticle+components+on+the+development+of+resistance+to+parenteral+migration+during+a+challenge+infection&rft.au=Hill%2C+DE%3BFetterer%2C+R+H%3BRomanowski%2C+R+D%3BUrban%2C+JF+Jr&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cuticles; lymphocytes; blastogenesis; antibody response; vaccination; Ascaris suum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of leaf conductance and transpiration in Juniperus occidentalis AN - 16591077; 3637672 AB - Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) is a conifer species well adapted to semi-arid rangelands in portions of the western United States. Over a 2-yr period (1983-1984), water relations of mature western juniper trees were observed and soil temperature, soil water, air temperature, vapor density deficit (D sub(a)), and solar radiation were recorded. Data from 1983 were used to develop and calibrate a leaf conductance model for western juniper. The model was then tested against 1984 data. A daily soil water budget was maintained by coupling the conductance model with the hydrology component of the model SPUR (Simulation of Production and Utilization of Rangelands). Results indicate that the model successfully simulated seasonal conductance trends. Conductance was strongly affected by soil temperature and D sub(a) in spring, while soil water pressure and D sub(a) were important during summer. Simulated western juniper conductance rose to maximum in spring and was usually within one standard deviation of observed values. In the 1984 simulation, western juniper transpired 141 mm of water, 47% of the total evapotranspiration for the site, and 44% of 1984 precipitation. Simulated western juniper conductance increased whenever environmental conditions moderated in late winter and spring. Juniper withdrew 37 mm of water between January and May 1984, suggesting it has potential to significantly alter watershed value and site productivity. JF - Forest Science AU - Angell, R F AU - Miller, R F AD - USDA-ARS, Burns, OR 97720, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5 EP - 17 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0015-749X, 0015-749X KW - rangelands KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - soil temperature KW - conductance KW - transpiration KW - computer models KW - trees KW - simulation KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16591077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Science&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+leaf+conductance+and+transpiration+in+Juniperus+occidentalis&rft.au=Angell%2C+R+F%3BMiller%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Angell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Science&rft.issn=0015749X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transpiration; simulation; conductance; trees; soil temperature; soil water; computer models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Cooperia, and Oesophagostomum: Construction and characterization of genus-specific DNA probes to differentiate important parasites of cattle AN - 16590567; 3631454 AB - Partial genomic DNA libraries for four common cattle parasites, Ostertagia ostertagi (Oo), Haemonchus placei (Hp), Cooperia oncophora (Co), and Oesophagostomum radiatum (Or), were generated and differentially screened with radiolabeled homologous and heterologous genomic DNA. Clones were identified from each parasite species which did not cross react with DNA from the heterologous genera by Southern blot or slot-blot analyses. Four clones, pOo2, pHp2.1, pCo2, and pOr14 were chosen for further examination. Genomic DNA from other species within the genera were screened with the cloned segments, and the clones were shown to be genus specific. The cloned fragments ranged in size from 195 to 669 base pairs and were approximately 50% in AT content. The cloned segments, pOo2 and pCo2, were approximately equally represented within their parasite genomes at 0.40 and 0.62%, respectively, whereas pHp2.1 and pOr14 were significantly higher at 1.61 and 3.39%, respectively. JF - Experimental Parasitology AU - Christensen, C M AU - Zarlenga, D S AU - Gasbarre, L C AD - Helminthic Dis. Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 93 EP - 100 VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 0014-4894, 0014-4894 KW - Cooperia oncophora KW - Oesophagostomum radiatum KW - Ostertagia ostertagi KW - cattle KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - parasites KW - DNA probes KW - differentiation KW - DNA KW - Haemonchus placei KW - W2 32410:Veterinary Medicine: Diagnosis KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16590567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Ostertagia%2C+Haemonchus%2C+Cooperia%2C+and+Oesophagostomum%3A+Construction+and+characterization+of+genus-specific+DNA+probes+to+differentiate+important+parasites+of+cattle&rft.au=Christensen%2C+C+M%3BZarlenga%2C+D+S%3BGasbarre%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+Parasitology&rft.issn=00144894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - parasites; DNA probes; differentiation; DNA; Haemonchus placei ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in body weight and water consumption in black-tailed prairie dogs and rock doves following red phosphorus smoke exposures AN - 16590229; 3631245 AB - Effects of red phosphorus/butyl rubber (RP/BR) smoke on two wildlife species, black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and rock doves (Columba livia), were evaluated in laboratory range-finding experiments. Body weight losses were severe and protracted in male rock doves, and these were correlated with significant mortality rates. Male doves exposed to 6.0 mg/L smoke concentration level never recovered their lost body weights to preexposure levels during the 28-day observation period. Prairie dogs, in contrast, only showed a 1-day body weight loss postexposure and a rapid recovery to their preexposure weight levels. Both species showed depressed water intakes for 1-2 days, followed by significantly elevated, sustained water consumption levels on days 10-28 postexposure, with the higher consumption levels directly related to the total number of daily smoke exposure sessions in rock doves. These protracted periods of elevated water consumption late in postexposure could have been due to lung irritation, inflammation, and edema effects previously indicated in albino rat studies. JF - Inhalation Toxicology AU - Shumake, SA AU - Sterner, R T AU - Engeman, R M AD - USDA/APHIS/ADC Res., Denver Wildl. Res. Cent., Build. 16, Fed. Cent., Denver, CO 80225-0266, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 407 EP - 425 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - red phosphorus KW - water consumption KW - phosphorus KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - water KW - Cynomys ludovicianus KW - body weight KW - smoke KW - Columba livia KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16590229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+body+weight+and+water+consumption+in+black-tailed+prairie+dogs+and+rock+doves+following+red+phosphorus+smoke+exposures&rft.au=Shumake%2C+SA%3BSterner%2C+R+T%3BEngeman%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Shumake&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cynomys ludovicianus; Columba livia; smoke; body weight; water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of soil erosion on crop yield in Indiana: Results of a 10 year study AN - 16590212; 3653107 AB - The effect of soil erosion on crop yield is influenced by soil properties, particularly available water capacity and soil depth. This study details completion of a 10 year study of this effect under field conditions on three soils. Crop yield information was gathered to quantify the effect of soil erosion on productivity. Yield data were collected for corn and soybeans in three Indiana counties on three important Indiana Corn Belt soils (Corwin, a fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiudoll; Miami, a fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludalf; and Morley, a fine, illitic, mesic, Typic Hapludalf). Slight, moderate, and severe erosion phases were used to distinguish differing degrees of erosion. Corn yield reduction was 18% for the Miami soil (significant at the 5% level using Duncans multiple range test), 14% for the Morley soil, and 99% for the Corwin soil when severely eroded sites were compared to slightly eroded sites over the 10-year period of study. Soybean yield reduction (significant for all soils at the 5% level using Duncans multiple range test), was 17% for the Miami soil, 24% for the Morley soil, and 20% for the Corwin soil when severely eroded sites were compared to slightly eroded sites over the 10-year period of study. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Weesies, G A AU - Livingston, S J AU - Hosteter, W D AU - Schertz, D L AD - Soil Conserv. Serv., USDA, Natl. Soil Erosion Res. Lab. (NSERL), 1196 SOIL Build., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 597 VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Indiana KW - rill erosion KW - soil types KW - soil properties KW - crop yield KW - soil conservation KW - soil erosion KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16590212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Effect+of+soil+erosion+on+crop+yield+in+Indiana%3A+Results+of+a+10+year+study&rft.au=Weesies%2C+G+A%3BLivingston%2C+S+J%3BHosteter%2C+W+D%3BSchertz%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Weesies&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil erosion; crop yield; soil properties; soil types; rill erosion; soil conservation; USA, Indiana ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Spodoptera exigua and S. eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) males to synthetic pheromone and S. exigua females AN - 16589673; 3637533 AB - The seasonal occurrence of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner), and the southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania (Cramer), was monitored over a 2-year period using International Pheromones, Ltd. Moth Traps registered baited with rubber septa impregnated with pheromone blends identified from conspecific females and also with pheromone emitted by live female beet armyworm moths. The pheromone blend for beet armyworm was (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (2.5%), (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien 1-ol acetate (87.2%), and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (10.3%). The pheromone blend used for southern armyworm was (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (55.78%), (Z,E)-9-12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (21.23%), (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (8.67%), and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (14.32%). Although subtropical in habit, both species apparently can survive in North-Central Florida even when temperatures drop below freezing for several days. The response of male southern armyworm moths to traps baited with beet armyworm females was remarkably similar to that recorded for southern armyworm males to their synthetic pheromone. This response was consistent over two years. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Mitchell, E R AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - Insect Attractants, Behav. and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., ARS-USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 237 EP - 247 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lepidoptera KW - pheromone traps KW - Noctuidae KW - Spodoptera eridania KW - attractancy KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - R 18061:Synthetic pheromones KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16589673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Response+of+Spodoptera+exigua+and+S.+eridania+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+males+to+synthetic+pheromone+and+S.+exigua+females&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+E+R%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera exigua; Spodoptera eridania; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; pheromone traps; attractancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of creatine phosphokinase activity as a means of determining cooking end-point temperature AN - 16589005; 3638313 AB - The influence of cooking end-point temperatures (EPTs) of 62.8, 66.7, 67.8, 68.9, 70.0, 71.1, 73.9, and 76.7 degree C on residual creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in laboratory prepared model systems of ground chicken and turkey breast meat was determined. CPK activity was also assayed in commercially prepared chicken, turkey, and meat products using a Sigma #661 CPK test kit. Three tenths milliliter of 0.9% saline extracts obtained from the chicken, turkey, and meat products was substituted for 0.3 ml serum specified in the test kit procedure. For the model samples, there was a marked decrease in CPK activity as EPT increased from 66.7 to 76.7 degree C; however, model samples heated to 76.7 degree C did retain low amounts of CPK activity. In general, very low levels of CPK were found in commercially prepared chicken and turkey products (0 to 10.6 Sigma units/ml). Results of CPK activity in commercially prepared meat products would indicate that the test is product dependent, with values ranging from zero for beef franks to 258 Sigma units/ml for hard salami. The prevalence of foodborne bacteria is important to the safety of meat and poultry products. Therefore regulations were established for prescribed thermal treatment. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Townsend, W E AU - Searcy, G K AU - Davis, CE AU - Wilson, RL Jr AD - Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv. Cent., USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 159 EP - 162 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - creatine phosphokinase KW - end-point KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - heat treatments KW - cooking KW - activity KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16589005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+creatine+phosphokinase+activity+as+a+means+of+determining+cooking+end-point+temperature&rft.au=Townsend%2C+W+E%3BSearcy%2C+G+K%3BDavis%2C+CE%3BWilson%2C+RL+Jr&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - activity; cooking; food contamination; heat treatments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human values and biological diversity: Are we wasting our time? AN - 16588335; 3638603 AB - The issue of biodiversity is examined from the viewpoint of human values and three questions are posed: What kinds of human values affect biological diversity? Why do humans think about the loss and conservation of biological diversity? Does it really matter? The conclusion is that human values are contributing to the loss of biological diversity and could lead to massive extinctions in the future just as major natural events did in the past. However, as it did in the past, evolution will continue, so will speciation, and so will biological diversity. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - McFadden, M W AU - Parker, J K AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Radnor, PA 19087, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 471 EP - 474 VL - 126 IS - 3 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - extinction KW - environmental perception KW - evolution KW - biological diversity KW - Z 05100:General KW - D 04692:Environmental perception UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16588335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Human+values+and+biological+diversity%3A+Are+we+wasting+our+time%3F&rft.au=McFadden%2C+M+W%3BParker%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological diversity; extinction; evolution; environmental perception ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative nesting behavior and immature development of Megachile rotundata (Fabricius) and Megachile apicalis Spinola (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) AN - 16587505; 3650623 AB - Comparative results were obtained on in-nest biology, late embryogenesis, and immature development of two leafcutting bee species (Megachile rotundata (Fabricius) and Megachile apicalis Spinola) to determine how these closely related species are partitioned. M. apicalis applied nectar to the nest tube prior to constructing each leaf cell and also added nectar to the lip of the cell prior to cell capping whereas M. rotundata did not. M. apicalis also constructed cells with fewer leaf pieces (6-10 versus 14 in M. rotundata) but used fewer leaf pieces per cell (6-8) near the end of the nesting cycle while M. rotundata utilized the same number of leaves throughout nesting periods. The embryos of both species actively twisted in rotating 180 degree on their long axis which is similar to rotation methods observed by us in other megachilid taxa but different from other families (i.e., Colletidae). Both species developed through 5 instars even though M. apicalis eclosed from the chorion as a second instar and M. rotundata eclosed as a first or second instar. We conclude that Apoidea undergoes four larval molts and 5 instars and suggest that one or more instars were missed in previous studies reporting fewer than 5 instars. Variability in embryonic and larval developmental rates at constant temperatures indicate genetic plasticity. However, developmental rates were not found to be correlated with diapause induction with either species. JF - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society AU - Trostle, G AU - Torchio, P F AD - Dep. Biol., USDA-ARS Bee Biol. & Syst. Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5310, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 53 EP - 72 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0022-8567, 0022-8567 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - development KW - immature stages KW - Megachilidae KW - Megachile rotundata KW - nesting behavior KW - Hymenoptera KW - Megachile apicalis KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16587505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.atitle=Comparative+nesting+behavior+and+immature+development+of+Megachile+rotundata+%28Fabricius%29+and+Megachile+apicalis+Spinola+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Megachilidae%29&rft.au=Trostle%2C+G%3BTorchio%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Trostle&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Kansas+Entomological+Society&rft.issn=00228567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Megachile rotundata; Megachile apicalis; Megachilidae; Hymenoptera; nesting behavior; development; immature stages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strains of sorghum mosaic virus causing sugarcane mosaic in Louisiana AN - 16587331; 3650445 AB - The viruses found causing sugarcane mosaic in Louisiana during 1978-1988, 1990, and 1992 were strains H, I, and M of sorghum mosaic virus. The percentages of plant samples that were infected with the three strains within the three production areas of the sugarcane belt were determined (because approximately 4% of all plants sampled were infected by more than one strain, incidences totaled more than 100%). In the Bayou Lafourche area, strain H was found in 99% of infected plants, strain I in 1%, and strain M in 2%; in the Mississippi River area, strain H was found in 98% of infected plants, strain I in 1%, and strain M in 2%; and in the Bayou Teche area, strain H was found in 90% of infected plants, strain I in 12%, and strain M in 5%. Strains were identified annually by inoculating differential host plants (sugarcane cultivars CP 31-294 and CP 31-588, sweet sorghum cultivar Rio, and johnsongrass) with leaf juice from diseased sugarcane plants. JF - Plant Disease AU - Grisham, M P AD - Sugarcane Res. Unit, ARS-USDA, Houma, LA 70361, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 729 EP - 732 VL - 78 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - sugarcane mosaic KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Saccharum officinarum KW - sorghum mosaic virus KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16587331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Strains+of+sorghum+mosaic+virus+causing+sugarcane+mosaic+in+Louisiana&rft.au=Grisham%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Grisham&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sorghum mosaic virus; Saccharum officinarum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape assessment of the decline of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex, Montana, USA AN - 16586793; 3645959 AB - Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) provides important food for wildlife and important cover for snow retention and watershed protection in high-elevation ecosystems of the northwestern United States. In the northern Rocky Mountains, this species is being reduced at accelerated rates by blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (Dentroctonous ponderosae), and advancing succession resulting from fire exclusion. This study evaluates the extent and severity of the decline of whitebark pine in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex (BMWC) of Montana. Results of an extensive field survey of various whitebark pine communities were used to evaluate past and current whitebark pine population levels. Satellite imagery (LANDSAT TM) data were used in conjunction with field data to classify 14 BMWC subalpine cover types and 3 forest decline classes to detect extent of whitebark mortality in the study area. Results indicate whitebark pine population levels are rapidly decreasing, mostly as a result of the exotic disease blister rust. Field results show 83% of the 2,503 sampled whitebark pine trees are infected with blister rust. Field results show 83% of the 2,503 sampled whitebark pine trees are infected with blister rust and an average of 33% of their crowns have been killed by the disease. Results of the satellite image classification show whitebark pine dominant on 56% of the 311,257 hectares comprising the BMWC subalpine analysis area. Subalpine fir dominated a high proportion (14%) of this landscape, about 7% greater than its historical landscape composition. Approximately 22% of this landscape containing whitebark pine is now experiencing high mortality and 39% is experiencing moderate mortality. Classification accuracy was 60% for the vegetation cover types and 78% for the forest decline classes. JF - Northwest Science AU - Keane, R E AU - Morgan, P AU - Menakis, J P AD - USDA For. Serv., Intermt. Res. Stn., Intermt. Fire Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 213 EP - 229 VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - fires KW - succession KW - disease spread KW - Pinus albicaulis KW - mortality KW - USA, Montana KW - pest attack KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16586793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Landscape+assessment+of+the+decline+of+whitebark+pine+%28Pinus+albicaulis%29+in+the+Bob+Marshall+Wilderness+Complex%2C+Montana%2C+USA&rft.au=Keane%2C+R+E%3BMorgan%2C+P%3BMenakis%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus albicaulis; USA, Montana; mortality; disease spread; pest attack; succession; fires ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides) germination affected by irrigation and bagging during seed production AN - 16586502; 3649163 AB - Seed dormancy is the primary factor limiting stand establishment of Indian ricegrass [Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker] in rangeland reseedings in western North America. Our objective was to determine if irrigation or bagging of plants during seed production affected dormancy of two Indian ricegrass accessions, the cultivar Paloma and the experimental population PI 478833. Bagging of inflorescences for research purposes is practiced because of susceptibility to shattering. In 1989, irrigated and nonirrigated treatments were applied, and seed was harvested on 28 July. In 1990, irrigation was applied as in 1989, but approximately half of each plant's panicles were enclosed in a brown paper bag. Seed was harvested 5 July from spring growth [seed production interval (SPI) 1], 10 August from regrowth since 7 June (SPI 2), and for Paloma unbagged only, on 10 August from regrowth since 5 July (SPI 3). In 1989, germination of Paloma relative to PI 478833 was greater (P < 0.01) with irrigation (76% versus 39%) than without (63% versus 51%). In 1990, SPI 1 irrigation and accession did not interact, but at SPI 2, germination of Paloma relative to PI 478833 was again greater (P < 0.05) with irrigation (74 versus 50%) than without (60 versus 46%). Irrigation did not affect germination of Paloma at SPI 3. In 1990, SPI 1 germination of PI 478833 relative to Paloma was greater (P < 0.01) with bagging (61% versus 40%) than without (41% versus 39%). The same trend was evident at SPI 2, where germination of PI 478833 relative to Paloma was greater (P < 0.01) with bagging (52% versus 62%) than without (44% versus 72%). Germination of Paloma was enhanced by irrigation, while germination of PI 478833 was favored by bagging. Researchers should be aware that these environmental factors may interact with accession to affect seed dormancy in Indian ricegrass. JF - Arid Land Research and Management AU - Jones, T A AU - Nielson, D C AD - Forage Range Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 269 EP - 275 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0890-3069, 0890-3069 KW - Oryzopsis hymenoides KW - seed germination KW - seed production KW - range grasses KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - plants KW - seeds KW - irrigation KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16586502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arid+Land+Research+and+Management&rft.atitle=Indian+ricegrass+%28Oryzopsis+hymenoides%29+germination+affected+by+irrigation+and+bagging+during+seed+production&rft.au=Jones%2C+T+A%3BNielson%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arid+Land+Research+and+Management&rft.issn=08903069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oryzopsis hymenoides; irrigation; plants; seeds; range grasses; seed germination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of trunk barriers on larval gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) density in isolated- and contiguous-canopy oak trees AN - 16585430; 3639997 AB - The impact of sticky trunk barriers on the density of larval gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), in oak (Quercus spp.) trees with isolated and contiguous canopies was studied. Measurements of frass drop per unit of area and frass yield per larva were used to estimate larval density. The trunk barriers reduced larval density by an average of ) 27%. The effect of the trunk barriers was the same on isolated- and contiguous-canopy trees on the first sample date, when larvae were predominantly fourth instars. On the second sample date, when larvae were predominantly fifth and sixth instars, the effect of trunk barriers on larval density was greater on contiguous-canopy trees. These results indicate that reinfestation of trees from the canopy of adjacent trees is minimal at low to moderate gypsy moth larval densities (up to ) 80 larvae per square meter). Defoliation levels and subsequent egg-mass density were not affected by trunk barriers. While sticky trunk barriers appear to consistently reduce larval density on both isolated- and contiguous-canopy oak trees, they do not provide adequate foliage protection. Frass drop (number of frass pellets per square meter) was the most sensitive measure of treatment effects. The estimation of larval density by incorporating information about frass yield per larva introduced additional variability which made this a less sensitive measure of treatment effects. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Thorpe, K W AU - Ridgway, R L AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 402, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 832 EP - 836 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population density KW - host plants KW - Lepidoptera KW - Lymantriidae KW - pest control KW - Quercus KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16585430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+trunk+barriers+on+larval+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+density+in+isolated-+and+contiguous-canopy+oak+trees&rft.au=Thorpe%2C+K+W%3BRidgway%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=832&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Lymantria dispar; Lymantriidae; Lepidoptera; pest control; population density; host plants ER - TY - CONF T1 - Estimating crop water deficit using the relation between surface-air temperature and spectral vegetation index AN - 16585246; 3640013 AB - The crop water stress index (CWSI), developed at the USDA-ARS U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, is a commonly used index for detection of plant stress based on the difference between foliage and air temperature. Application of CWSI at local and regional scales has been hampered by the difficulty of measuring foliage temperature of partially vegetated fields. Most hand-held, airborne, and satellite-based infrared sensors measure a composite of both the soil and plant temperatures. The concept proposed here, termed the vegetation index/temperature (VIT) trapezoid, is an attempt to combine spectral vegetation indices with composite surface temperature measurements to allow application of the CWSI theory to partially-vegetated fields without knowledge of foliage temperature. Based on this approach, a new index [water deficit index (WDI)] was introduced for evaluating evapotranspiration rates of both full-cover and partially vegetated sites. By definition, WDI is related to the ratio of actual and potential evapotranspiration; in practice, WDI can be computed using remotely sensed measurements of surface temperature and reflectance (red and near-infrared spectrum) with limited on-site meteorological data (net radiation, vapor pressure deficit, wind speed, and air temperature). Both the VIT trapezoid and WDI concepts were evaluated using 1) a simulation of a two-component (soil and vegetation) energy balance model and 2) existing data from an experiment in an alfalfa field in Phoenix, Arizona. Results from both studies showed that the WDI provided accurate estimates of field evapotranspiration rates and relative field water deficit for both full-cover and partially vegetated sites. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Moran AU - Clarke, T R AU - Inoue, Y AU - Vidal, A Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 246 EP - 263 VL - 49 IS - 3 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - meteorological data collection KW - water stress KW - air temperature KW - crops KW - vegetation KW - reflectance KW - evapotranspiration KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16585246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Estimating+crop+water+deficit+using+the+relation+between+surface-air+temperature+and+spectral+vegetation+index&rft.au=Moran%3BClarke%2C+T+R%3BInoue%2C+Y%3BVidal%2C+A&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural and synthetic oviposition stimulants for Catolaccus grandis (Burks) females AN - 16585120; 3670644 AB - Oviposition behavior was elicited from Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) females, an ectoparasitoid of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), by smears of freshly cut cotton bolls or smears of extracts prepared with boll weevil damaged or undamaged cotton boll tissues. Oviposition behavior was also elicited from C. grandis females by smears made with n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and isooctane. This is the first report of oviposition behavior elicited for any parasitoid by these short-chain saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes), introducing a new concept on the chemical mediation of parasitoid behavior during host selection. Oviposition behavior was also elicited from C. grandis females by volatiles emanating from an artificial diet devoid of insect components that was specifically developed for the in vitro rearing of ectoparasitoids. The possible use of a synergistic combination of n-hexane and diet to optimize the mechanized production of noncontaminated eggs is also discussed. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Guerra, A A AU - Martinez, S AU - Del Rio, HS AD - USDA, ARS BCPRU, 2413 E. Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1583 EP - 1594 VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - females KW - Catolaccus grandis KW - stimulants KW - Hymenoptera KW - kairomones KW - oviposition KW - Pteromalidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16585120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Natural+and+synthetic+oviposition+stimulants+for+Catolaccus+grandis+%28Burks%29+females&rft.au=Guerra%2C+A+A%3BMartinez%2C+S%3BDel+Rio%2C+HS&rft.aulast=Guerra&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catolaccus grandis; Pteromalidae; Hymenoptera; oviposition; stimulants; females; kairomones ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Corn steepwater as protein bait for Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 16584581; 3639996 AB - Field trials were conducted to determine the potential use of corn steepwater, an acid-hydrolyzed corn product, as a liquid bait for the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), in Florida. Preference tests compared relative attractiveness among aqueous solutions of standard torula yeast plus sodium borate pellets or 10% steepwater (vol:vol) plus 1, 3, 5, and 10% (wt:vol) borax in traps. Total number of females trapped decreased from 474 in fresh bait solution to 197 and 154 in 2-3-d old and 4-6-d old bait solutions, respectively. When freshly prepared solutions were tested, the torula yeast-borax solution was the most attractive and the 10% steepwater with 1% borax the second most attractive bait formulation, capturing 45 and 23% of the trapped females, respectively. After 2-3 d of field-use, there was less discrimination among the baits, although the 10% steepwater with 1% borax and with 10% borax each captured 29% of the trapped flies. By the last 4-6 d of field use, the 10% steepwater with 1% borax was most preferred and captured 45% of the trapped flies. Dissections of subsamples of trapped females indicated that only 50% of the females from tortula yeast-borax traps were unmated, while 80-95% of the females caught in any of the steepwater traps were unmated. The addition of 1, 3, 5, and 10% borax increased the initial pH of the acidic steepwater to 5.95, 7.76, 8.44, and 8.76, respectively. The relative attractiveness of the 10% steepwater with 1% borax increased as this bait approached a neutral pH over the 6 d of field use. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Epsky, N D AU - Heath, R R AU - Holler, T C AU - Harris, D L AU - Mullins, T AD - Insect Attractants Behav. and Basic Biol. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 827 EP - 831 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - baits KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Tephritidae KW - Anastrepha suspensa KW - pest control KW - Zea mays KW - proteins KW - Diptera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16584581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Corn+steepwater+as+protein+bait+for+Anastrepha+suspensa+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Epsky%2C+N+D%3BHeath%2C+R+R%3BHoller%2C+T+C%3BHarris%2C+D+L%3BMullins%2C+T&rft.aulast=Epsky&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Anastrepha suspensa; Tephritidae; Diptera; proteins; pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial relationships of soil microbial biomass and C and N mineralization in a semi-arid shrub-steppe ecosystem AN - 16584007; 3640059 AB - Microbial mineralization of both C and N in the shrub-steppe soils of central Washington influence plant productivity and ecosystem stability. Microbial processes in arid ecosystems are in turn influenced by heterogeneously-spaced plants and abiotic variables. Our objective was to determine the spatial relationships of C and N mineralization and microbial biomass to plant location. We measured inorganic N pools, microbial biomass and C and N mineralization potentials (C sub(o), N sub(o)) from 205 soil samples positioned around five Artemisia tridentata shrub plants. Most variables showed log normal distributions and all were significantly correlated to each other. Microbial biomass had the highest positive correlation with C mineralization and soluble C. The metabolic C quotient (qCO sub(2)) was twice that of other natural forest and grassland ecosystems. In addition the metabolic N quotient (qN) was lower in the shrub-steppe soil compared to other ecosystems. The coupled metabolic quotients indicate the shrub-steppe soil has low substrate quality with a high N immobilization capacity. Geostatistical analysis of spatial relationships showed that samples were spatially related with each other to a distance of 0.5-1.0 m. At sample locations where microbial biomass was high C sub(o) was also high. In contrast, N sub(o) was low in these areas. Cross-correlation with plants showed that C sub(o) was spatially related to shrubs and not to grass plants and that N sub(o) was not related to any plant location. Cross-correlation analysis revealed that variables that are linearly correlated may not necessarily be spatially correlated. Our study showed that the resource island effect of nutrients and microbial biomass in the shrub-steppe ecosystem is important when estimating microbial processes at the landscape level. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Smith, J L AU - Halvorson, J J AU - Bolton, H Jr AD - USDA-ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1151 EP - 1159 VL - 26 IS - 9 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - carbon KW - nitrogen KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - spatial distribution KW - USA, Washington KW - soil microorganisms KW - semiarid environments KW - mineralization KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16584007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Spatial+relationships+of+soil+microbial+biomass+and+C+and+N+mineralization+in+a+semi-arid+shrub-steppe+ecosystem&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L%3BHalvorson%2C+J+J%3BBolton%2C+H+Jr&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Washington; spatial distribution; soil microorganisms; mineralization; semiarid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory and field olfactory attraction of the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) to metabolites of bacterial species AN - 16583797; 3645581 AB - Bacteria isolated from the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Loew, were identified and found to be similar to bacteria isolated from other fruit fly species. Bacteria of the same species as those identified from A. ludens were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). These bacteria were cultured and attractiveness to A. ludens adults was determined for the whole beer, and for filtered and autoclaved supernatants in laboratory bioassays. All bacterial cultures were attractive to A. ludens, and some were significantly more attractive than others. Autoclaved supernatants were significantly more attractive than the whole beer or filtered supernatants. Two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (serovars finitimus and kurstaki), not previously reported to attract fruit flies, were attractive to A. ludens. In field studies, metabolites from bacterial fermentation of two cultures (ATCC #8090 and #13883) captured as many A. ludens adults as Torula yeast/borate pellets. Metabolites from these two cultures caught nearly twice as many females as males compared to about equal numbers of males and females captured by Torula yeast/borate pellets and Nulure super(R). Consistent with laboratory bioassays, metabolites from RGM-1 caught significantly fewer A. ludens adults than the metabolites from #8090 and #13883. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Martinez, A J AU - Robacker, D C AU - Garcia, JA AU - Esau, K L AD - Mission Methods Dev. Cent., Anim. and Plant Health Insp. Serv., USDA, Route 3, Box 1000, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 117 EP - 126 VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - metabolites KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - pest control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Tephritidae KW - attractancy KW - bacteria KW - Diptera KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16583797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Laboratory+and+field+olfactory+attraction+of+the+Mexican+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+to+metabolites+of+bacterial+species&rft.au=Martinez%2C+A+J%3BRobacker%2C+D+C%3BGarcia%2C+JA%3BEsau%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Anastrepha ludens; Diptera; Tephritidae; bacteria; attractancy; metabolites; pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection criteria for forested natural areas in New England, USA AN - 16583524; 3665631 AB - The selection of forested natural areas for research and educational purposes is discussed. Five factors are important: sufficient size; representation of typical communities and sites; documented disturbance histories; acceptable current condition in terms of age, tree size, and successional stage; and administrative feasibility. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Leak, W B AU - Yamasaki, M AU - Smith, M-L AU - Funk, D T AD - NE Forest Exp. Stn., USDA, Forest Serv., P.O. Box 640, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 300 EP - 305 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA KW - nature reserves KW - management KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16583524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Selection+criteria+for+forested+natural+areas+in+New+England%2C+USA&rft.au=Leak%2C+W+B%3BYamasaki%2C+M%3BSmith%2C+M-L%3BFunk%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Leak&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; forests; nature reserves; management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of indomethacin on the development of proliferative of gill disease AN - 16583522; 3645494 AB - After parenteral treatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were exposed to mature spores of an Aurantiactinomyxon sp. demonstrated to be the etiological agent of proliferative gill disease (PGD). Fish that received indomethacin at a dose of 2.0 or 5.0 mg/kg body weight within 0.5 h before exposure to the myxozoan and again at 24 h postexposure had significantly (P < 0.05) less severe gill lesions 7 d after exposure than fish that received the drug vehicle alone. Fish that received 0.5 mg indomethacin/kg had moderately severe lesions. All fish were confirmed to be infected with the organism associated with PGD by microscopic examination of gills 4 or 7 d postexposure. These results suggest that products of the cyclooxygenase pathway (e.g., prostaglandins) participate in the pathophysiologic host response to PGD. JF - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AU - Davis, S W AD - USDA-ARS, Fish Dis. and Parasites Res. Lab., P.O. Box 952, Auburn, AL 36830, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 122 EP - 125 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0899-7659, 0899-7659 KW - Aurantiactinomyxon KW - cyclooxygenase KW - experimental infection KW - gill disease KW - indomethacin KW - proliferative gill disease KW - prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - disease resistance KW - prophylaxis KW - inhibitors KW - gills KW - Freshwater KW - disease control KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - spores KW - Myxozoa KW - Q1 08201:General KW - Q1 08341:General KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16583522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.atitle=Effect+of+indomethacin+on+the+development+of+proliferative+of+gill+disease&rft.au=Davis%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.issn=08997659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; spores; prophylaxis; inhibitors; gills; disease control; gill disease; experimental infection; Myxozoa; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of fatty acid hydroperoxide in the presence of organic solvent using immobilized lipoxygenase AN - 16582996; 3669684 AB - Lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12) catalyses the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, forming their corresponding hydroperoxides. The ability of immobilized lipoxygenase to introduce oxygen derived from air into linoleic acid in a medium containing organic solvent and aqueous buffer was investigated. Reaction medium parameters such as the level of aqueous buffer, buffer pH, type of organic solvent, reaction temperature and lipoxygenase level were altered to test their influence upon the degree of oxygenation. The time course of oxygenation was followed, and the resulting data were analysed by non-linear regression to determine the maximum hydroperoxide that could be generated, as well as the reaction half-time. The results demonstrated that the highest efficiency in hydroperoxide formation occurs when the oxygenation reaction is conducted relatively rapidly, although not so rapidly as to cause the reaction milieu to become anaerobic. In an optimized reaction medium at 15 degree C containing 15 ml of water-saturated octane, 6 ml (35%, v/v) 0.2 M borate buffer, pH 9.0, 40 mg of linoleic acid, and immobilized lipoxygenase containing 3.0 mg of protein, a yield of hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid greater than 80% was obtained from linoleic acid in 2 h. H.p.l.c. analysis showed that approx. 97% of the product was 13-hydroperoxy-octadeca-9,11(Z,E)-dienoic acid. The procedure developed is an improvement over those previously published, in that lipoxygenase and the hydroperoxide product are easily separated, only air at atmospheric pressure is needed as the source of oxygen and no surfactant is required. JF - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry AU - Piazza, G J AU - Brower, D P AU - Parra-Diaz, D AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., ARS, USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 243 EP - 252 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - lipoxygenase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - fatty acids KW - oxygenation KW - immobilization KW - synthesis KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16582996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+fatty+acid+hydroperoxide+in+the+presence+of+organic+solvent+using+immobilized+lipoxygenase&rft.au=Piazza%2C+G+J%3BBrower%2C+D+P%3BParra-Diaz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Piazza&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Applied+Biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fatty acids; oxygenation; immobilization; synthesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microsatellite fingerprinting and mapping of soybean AN - 16582918; 3649419 AB - Morphology, pigmentation, disease resistance, and other traits have long been used to identify plant genotypes and to develop genetic linkage maps. These maps have been limited by the number of markers available. DNA-based markers have allowed an almost limitless supply of genetic loci for identification and mapping. In particular, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) have been useful in numerous plant species. In soybean, however, the level of genetic polymorphism associated with RFLP is limited. The discovery of microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in humans and their highly polymorphic nature was recently followed by the elucidation of similar loci in soybean and other plant species. A set of simple protocols is described to allow the development of microsatellite markers in a target species. The steps include the construction of a genomic DNA library, screening to identify clones containing SSR, sequencing of positive clones, and selection of PCR primers flanking the microsatellite. A standard procedure to assess each set of PCR primers, followed by a general approach to the use of SSR markers for fingerprinting and genetic map development, is described. The detection of microsatellite DNA markers using agarose or DNA-sequencing gels is commonly used. However, a number of increasingly sophisticated techniques for the detection of SSR-containing PCR products are now available or will be soon. These include the multiplexing of 10-15 markers per lane on sequencing gels, the detection of fluorescent labeled products, and multi-channel capillary electrophoresis. These and other developing technologies will allow the rapid and efficient molecular genotyping of large numbers of plant genotypes at multiple loci. JF - Methods in Molecular and Cellular Biology AU - Cregan, P B AU - Bhagwat, A A AU - Akkaya AU - Rongwen, Jiang AD - USDA-ARS, Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Range 1, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 49 EP - 61 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 0898-7750, 0898-7750 KW - repeated sequence KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - gene mapping KW - microsatellites KW - Glycine max KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16582918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+Molecular+and+Cellular+Biology&rft.atitle=Microsatellite+fingerprinting+and+mapping+of+soybean&rft.au=Cregan%2C+P+B%3BBhagwat%2C+A+A%3BAkkaya%3BRongwen%2C+Jiang&rft.aulast=Cregan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+Molecular+and+Cellular+Biology&rft.issn=08987750&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA fingerprinting; gene mapping; microsatellites; Glycine max ER - TY - CONF T1 - Residue effects on radiometric reflectance measurements of Northern Great Plains rangelands AN - 16582513; 3670230 AB - The diversity of rangeland ecosystems makes application of remote sensing data difficult. This study was conducted to determine the effects of plant surface residue on rangeland canopy radiometric measurements. Measurements were made on moderately and heavily grazed native rangeland pastures. Standing senesced plant residue was collected and spread in the autumn to establish treatments of 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% ground cover. Canopy radiometric measurements were made weekly the following grazing season using the red (RED) (0.63-0.69 mu m) and near infrared (NIR) (0.76-0.90 mu m) wavebands of a Mark II radiometer. We examined relationships between wavebands, ratio vegetation index (R=NIR / RED), the normalized difference vegetation index [ND=(NIR-RED) / (NIR + RED)] and forage dry matter accumulation and surface plant residue. All wavebands and indices were significantly related to dry matter accumulation on both moderately and heavily grazed pastures. Separation of residue treatments by radiometric measurements was more evident on moderately grazed than on heavily grazed pastures. Red reflectance was most sensitive to surface residue treatments and separated residue from no residue plots until early June when green growth became dominant. Vegetation indices R and ND tended to be lower for the 100% surface residue treatment for both pastures and higher for the 0% treatment for the moderately grazed pasture. Results suggest that different amounts of surface residue would not greatly interfere with using radiometric measurements to predict dry matter accumulation on Northern Great Plains native rangeland. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Frank, AB AU - Aase, J K Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 195 EP - 199 VL - 49 IS - 3 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Great Plains KW - radiometry KW - rangelands KW - remote sensing KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16582513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Residue+effects+on+radiometric+reflectance+measurements+of+Northern+Great+Plains+rangelands&rft.au=Frank%2C+AB%3BAase%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Photographic and videographic observations for determining and mapping the response of cotton to soil salinity AN - 16582148; 3648240 AB - Better ways are needed to assess the extent and severity of soil salinity in fields in terms of economic impact on crop production and effectiveness of reclamation efforts. Procedures to help meet these needs were developed from soil salinity, plant height and boll counts, and digitized color infrared aerial photography and videography acquired during midboll set development stage for four salt-affected cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.) fields in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Unsupervised classification procedures were used to produce seven-category spectral maps by field. Regression equations were developed from salinity measurements in the surface 30 cm (EC1) at 100-200 sample sites per field and the photography and videography digital counts at those same sites. The equations were used to estimate the salinity of each of the approximately 100,000 pixels per field, and the salinity categories corresponding to the spectral ones were mapped. The spectral classification maps and the estimated salinity maps corresponded well. Boll counts, made at about 20 sites per field, were converted to lint yield and regressed on NDVI from both the photography and videography; the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.72 for video and 0.73 for the photographic data. Lint yields decreased by 43 plus or minus 10 kg/ha per dS/m increase in EC1, or $52 plus or minus 12/ha at current market prices. Our results illustrate very practical ways to combine image analysis capability, spectral observations, and ground truth to map and quantify the severity of soil salinity and its effects on crops. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Wiegand, CL AU - Rhoades, J D AU - Escobar, DE AU - Everitt, J H Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 212 EP - 223 VL - 49 IS - 3 KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - soil salinity KW - saline soils KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, California, San Joaquin Valley KW - mapping KW - photography KW - tolerance KW - aerial photography KW - crops KW - remote sensing KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - D 04600:Soil KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16582148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Photographic+and+videographic+observations+for+determining+and+mapping+the+response+of+cotton+to+soil+salinity&rft.au=Wiegand%2C+CL%3BRhoades%2C+J+D%3BEscobar%2C+DE%3BEveritt%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Wiegand&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changing forest values and ecosystem management AN - 16581154; 3667719 AB - There is substantial evidence that we are currently in a period of rapid and significant change in forest values. Some have charged that managing forests in ways that are responsive to diverse and changing forest values is the main challenge faced by public forest managers. To tackle this challenge, we need to address the following questions: (1) What is the nature of forest values? That is, can all forest values be reduced to a single dimension, as assumed in utilitarian-based traditional forestry and economics, or are these values multidimensional and incommensurate? (2) What specific values are involved? (3) What is the structure of forest values? That is, how are they related to each other in value systems? (4) How and why have forest values changed over time? and (5) What do changing forest values imply for ecosystem management approaches? This article discusses key issues related to these questions. JF - Society and Natural Resources AU - Bengston, D N AD - Ecol. Econ., USDA Forest Serv., N. Cent. Exp. Stn., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 515 EP - 533 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 0894-1920, 0894-1920 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - economics KW - resource management KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04120:Woodlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16581154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+and+Natural+Resources&rft.atitle=Changing+forest+values+and+ecosystem+management&rft.au=Bengston%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Bengston&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society+and+Natural+Resources&rft.issn=08941920&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; resource management; economics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Founding and usurping: Equally efficient paths to nesting success in Osmia lignaria propinqua (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) AN - 16580726; 3673457 AB - We examined usurpation of nest holes of four diameters in a greenhouse population of the xylophilous bee, Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson. Although vacant holes were always in unlimited supply, approximately 25% of all nests made were usurped. Of all females, approximately 75% usurped at least one nest, 65% lost at least one nest to usurpation, and half were both usurpers and usurpees. Females tended to choose holes of the same diameter and in the same general area as their previous nest whether they were usurping or founding. Females usurped only when they encountered an active, but unattended, nest while they were searching for a new hole. Current occupants of a hole, whether founders or usurpers, were always successful in defending the hole, apparently because of the positional advantage of fighting from within the nest. Although no founder ever succeeded in regaining a nest that had been usurped, all founders contested ownership with intruders intermittently for approximately 30 min before conceding defeat. In some cases, founders appeared to incur injury during their assaults on the intruder. The ratio of usurped to founded nests did not differ significantly from the ratio of occupied to vacant holes. Females differed greatly in the proportion of nests that they usurped. Large females were usurpers significantly more often than were small females. Usurping and founding were equivalent ways of producing progeny and either method yielded approximately 1.5 live progeny per day. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Tepedino, V J AU - Torchio, P F AD - Bee Biol. & Syst. Lab., USDA-ARS, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5310, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 946 EP - 953 VL - 87 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Osmia lignaria propinqua KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - nest usurpation KW - reproductive strategy KW - Megachilidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - breeding success KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16580726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Founding+and+usurping%3A+Equally+efficient+paths+to+nesting+success+in+Osmia+lignaria+propinqua+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Megachilidae%29&rft.au=Tepedino%2C+V+J%3BTorchio%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Tepedino&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=946&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Megachilidae; Hymenoptera; breeding success; reproductive strategy; nest usurpation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response surface model of the effect of pH, sodium chloride and sodium nitrite on growth of Yersinia enterocolitica at low temperatures AN - 16579335; 3669964 AB - A fractional factorial design was used to measure the effects and interactions of temperature (5, 12, 19 degree C), pH (4.5-8.5), sodium chloride (0.5-5%) and sodium nitrite (0-200 mu g/ml) on the aerobic growth of Y. enterocolitica in brain heart infusion broth. Growth curves were modeled by fitting plate count data to the Gompertz equation. Quadratic models of natural logarithm transformations of the Gompertz B and M values and the derived values for lag phase durations and generation times were obtained using response surface analysis. Predictions based on the models for B and M values were comparable to predictions based on the derived values. These models provide a means for rapidly estimating how the bacterium is likely to respond to any combination of the four variables within the specified ranges. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Bhaduri, S AU - Turner-Jones, C O AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Phillips, J G AD - Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 333 EP - 343 VL - 23 IS - 3-4 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - sodium chloride KW - sodium nitrite KW - nitrite KW - temperature KW - predictive microbiology KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - cold KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - mathematical models KW - growth rate KW - pH KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16579335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Response+surface+model+of+the+effect+of+pH%2C+sodium+chloride+and+sodium+nitrite+on+growth+of+Yersinia+enterocolitica+at+low+temperatures&rft.au=Bhaduri%2C+S%3BTurner-Jones%2C+C+O%3BBuchanan%2C+R+L%3BPhillips%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Bhaduri&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Predictive Modelling. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yersinia enterocolitica; mathematical models; pH; growth rate; cold ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drain spacing effects on water table control and cane sugar yields AN - 16578547; 3660215 AB - An experiment was conducted in Southern Louisiana during 1980 through 1990 to determine soil and crop response to subsurface drainage. Three subsurface drain spacings, 14, 28, and 42 m, were tested on Jeanerette silty clay loam soil. The 14 and 28 m spacings were most effective in controlling the water table: average annual SEW sub(30) values were 46 and 122 cm-d, respectively. Average annual SEW sub(30) value for the 42 m spacing was 242 cm-d while that from the nondrained check was 642 cm-d. Sugarcane responded favorably to subsurface drainage. Average annual sugar yields were 6041 kg/ha from the 14 m spacing, 6029 kg/ha from the 28 m spacing, 5788 kg/ha from the 42 m spacing, and 4990 kg/ha from the check. Yields among the three drained treatments were not significantly different, but yields from the drained treatments were significantly greater than those from the nondrained check. The value of the average sugar yield increases from both the 28 m and the 42 m spacings more than justified the cost of installing subsurface drainage systems. The drainage costs included 10% interest and a 10-year amortization period. Since there was no statistically significant crop yield advantage to subsurface drains spaced closer than 42 m, the drain spacing recommended for draining Jeanerette silty clay loam soil in Louisiana is 42 m. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Carter, CE AU - Camp, C R AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Res. Unit, Baton Rouge, LA, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1509 EP - 1514 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - groundwater management KW - water table KW - drainage KW - drains KW - crop yield KW - surface drainage KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16578547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Drain+spacing+effects+on+water+table+control+and+cane+sugar+yields&rft.au=Carter%2C+CE%3BCamp%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drains; water table; surface drainage; groundwater management; crop yield; drainage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An expert advisory system for wheat disease management AN - 16578528; 3663920 AB - An expert system for managing diseases of wheat that is both predictive and managerial has been developed for use in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States and is referred to by the acronym MoreCrop (Managerial Options for Reasonable Economical Control of Rusts and Other Pathogens). The acronym MoreCrop was selected because it describes the concept of how the system should be used. The purpose of MoreCrop is to present outcomes that may happen and give options for control, not to make specific recommendations. The user evaluates the information that is provided when certain environmental conditions and managerial practices are selected and, by a process of reasoning, determines the most economical control. MoreCrop was developed using the vast information available on wheat diseases together with tools from recent technological advances in the computer industry. Visual programming and object-oriented programming approaches made the system visually appealing, easy to use, flexible, extendable, and powerful. JF - Plant Disease AU - Cu, R M AU - Line, R F AD - USDA-ARS, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 209 EP - 215 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - computer programs KW - Triticum aestivum KW - agriculture KW - disease control KW - management KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16578528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=An+expert+advisory+system+for+wheat+disease+management&rft.au=Cu%2C+R+M%3BLine%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Cu&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; disease control; management; agriculture; computer programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - super(14)C allocation in tree-soil systems AN - 16578313; 3667762 AB - We studied whole-tree C allocation with special emphasis on the quantification of C allocation to roots and root respiration. To document seasonal patterns of C allocation, 2-year-old hybrid poplar trees greater than 3 m tall were labeled with super(14)CO sub(2) in a large Plexiglas chamber in the field, in July and September. Climate and CO sub(2) concentration were controlled to track ambient conditions during labeling. Individual tree canopy CO sub(2) assimilation averaged 3.8 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1) (12.9 g C day super(-1) tree super(-1)) in July and 6.2 mu mol CO sub(2) m super(-2) s super(-1) (9.8 g C day super(-1) tree super(-1)) in September. Aboveground dark respiration was 12% of net daytime C fixation in July and 15% in September. Specific activity of root-soil respiration peaked 2 days after labeling and stabilized to less than 5% of maximum 2 weeks later. Low specific activity of root-soil respiration and a labeled pool of root C demonstrated that current photosynthate was the primary source of C for root growth and maintenance during the growing season. Root respiration averaged 20% of total soil respiration in both July and September based on the proportion of labeled C respired to labeled C fixed. In July, 80% of the recovered super(14)C was found above ground and closely resembled the weight distribution of the growing shoot. By September, 51% of the recovered super(14)C was in the root system and closely resembled the weight distribution of different size classes of roots. The finding that the distribution of biomass and super(14)C were similar verified that the C introduced during labeling followed normal seasonal translocation pathways. Results are compared to smaller scale labeling studies and the suitability of the approach for studying long-term C fluxes is discussed. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Horwath, W R AU - Pregitzer, K S AU - Paul, E A AD - Dep. Bioresour. Eng., USDA/ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1163 EP - 1176 VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - resource allocation KW - roots KW - trees KW - growth KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16578313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=super%2814%29C+allocation+in+tree-soil+systems&rft.au=Horwath%2C+W+R%3BPregitzer%2C+K+S%3BPaul%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Horwath&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - resource allocation; trees; growth; roots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest composition, structure, and disturbance history of the Alan Seeger Natural Area, Huntington County, Pennsylvania AN - 16578309; 3660029 AB - Ten forest stands sampled in the Alan Seeger Natural Area, Huntington County, in central Pennsylvania were represented as Tsuga-Betula on wet stream bottoms, Tsuga-Pinus on wet to mesic stream terraces, mixed mesophytic species within a mesic upland cove, and mixed Quercus on mesic to dry upland slopes. Based on tree recruitment and radial growth patterns, low-intensity exogenous disturbances occurred every 30-60 yr during the presettlement era. Extensive logging during the mid-1840s was evident throughout the area, and, along with subsequent disturbances, had a profound effect on current forest composition and structure. Tree species responded differently to major anthropogenic disturbance, in terms of growth rate and canopy positioning. In general, Pinus strobus L., Liriodendron tulipifera L. and Quercus responded favorably to disturbance, whereas Acer, Betula alleghaniensis Britton and Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr recovered more slowly. Current forest age structures reflect different disturbance patterns and rates of recovery, and were categorized as either even-aged, uneven-aged consisting of 2 distinct even-aged cohorts, or uneven-aged with extended recruitment (multiple small-scale disturbances). Successional patterns currently exhibited in all forests may be drastically altered in the future from overbrowsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and/or intense shrub competition on tree regeneration. JF - Torrey Botanical Society. Journal AU - Nowacki, G J AU - Abrams, MD AD - USDA Forest Serv., Alaska Reg., P.O. Box 21628, Juneau, AK 99802, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 277 EP - 291 VL - 121 IS - 3 SN - 0040-9618, 0040-9618 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - disturbance KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - community structure KW - historical ecology KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16578309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Torrey+Botanical+Society.+Journal&rft.atitle=Forest+composition%2C+structure%2C+and+disturbance+history+of+the+Alan+Seeger+Natural+Area%2C+Huntington+County%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Nowacki%2C+G+J%3BAbrams%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Nowacki&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Torrey+Botanical+Society.+Journal&rft.issn=00409618&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Pennsylvania; forests; community structure; disturbance; historical ecology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An integer programming approach for spatially and temporally optimizing wildlife populations AN - 16575146; 3657397 AB - This paper presents mixed integer linear programming formulations that optimize the spatial layout of management actions for providing wildlife habitat, over time. The formulations focus on wildlife growth and dispersal as a dynamic, probabilistic process. Habitat fragmentation/connectivity is thus modeled indirectly. Multiple timber age classes are accounted for as different wildlife habitat types, which define carrying capacity limitations that are tracked spatially. A variety of objective functions are specified, including ones based on piecewise-approximated nonlinear functions that relate wildlife populations to the probability of species viability. All of the formulations and objective functions are demonstrated with a case example. JF - Forest Science AU - Hof, J AU - Bevers, M AU - Joyce, L AU - Kent, B AD - Rocky Mt. For. and Range Exp. Stn., USDA For. Serv., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 177 EP - 191 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0015-749X, 0015-749X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - species richness KW - habitat utilization KW - wildlife KW - habitat fragmentation KW - D 04615:Ecology studies - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16575146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Science&rft.atitle=An+integer+programming+approach+for+spatially+and+temporally+optimizing+wildlife+populations&rft.au=Hof%2C+J%3BBevers%2C+M%3BJoyce%2C+L%3BKent%2C+B&rft.aulast=Hof&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Science&rft.issn=0015749X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wildlife; species richness; habitat fragmentation; habitat utilization; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation management in Arizona using satellites and airplanes AN - 16574032; 3651224 AB - Agriculture has long been promoted as a prime beneficiary of remotely sensed data and satellite data are now routinely used in crop production forecasts and for resource surveys. However the potential for using satellite data for irrigation management has not been realized. An experiment was conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, Arizona, to test the feasibility of using satellite and aircraft data for crop monitoring and irrigation management. This experiment identified several shortcomings of present satellite systems with respect to providing timely information for irrigation management. On the other hand, a preliminary evaluation of aircraft data showed some potential for application to irrigation scheduling. A simple cost/benefit analysis suggested that profits could be achieved through the communal use of remotely sensed information from both satellites and aircraft in moderate-size irrigation districts. JF - Irrigation Science AU - Moran AD - U.S.D.A. Agric. Res. Service, U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 35 EP - 44 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - USA, Arizona, Maricopa KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - satellite technology KW - resources management KW - cost-benefit analysis KW - cropland KW - aircraft KW - water management KW - aerial photography KW - irrigation KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16574032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Irrigation+management+in+Arizona+using+satellites+and+airplanes&rft.au=Moran&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - remote sensing; irrigation; satellite technology; aerial photography; resources management; cropland; cost-benefit analysis; aircraft; water management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a biotinylated DNA probe for detection of the aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism in Dalbulus maidis and Macrosteles fascifrons (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) AN - 16573396; 3639455 AB - A DNA probe was used to detect aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism acquisition by the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott), an insect that does not transmit aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism, as well as by Macrosteles fascifrons (Staal), a vector insect. Results show the effectiveness of the probe for pathogen detection in both the non-vector and the vector insect. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Vega, F E AU - Davis, R E AU - Dally, EL AU - Barbosa, P AU - Purcell, AH AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AD - Subtropical Insects Res. Unit, U.S. Hortic. Res. Lab., USDA, ARS, 2120 Camden Rd., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 330 EP - 334 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Macrosteles fascifrons KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Cicadellidae KW - DNA probes KW - probes KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - yellows KW - cloning vectors KW - aster yellows KW - biotinylation KW - Dalbulus maidis KW - DNA KW - Homoptera KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16573396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+biotinylated+DNA+probe+for+detection+of+the+aster+yellows+mycoplasmalike+organism+in+Dalbulus+maidis+and+Macrosteles+fascifrons+%28Homoptera%3A+Cicadellidae%29&rft.au=Vega%2C+F+E%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BDally%2C+EL%3BBarbosa%2C+P%3BPurcell%2C+AH%3BLee%2C+Ing-Ming&rft.aulast=Vega&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dalbulus maidis; Homoptera; Cicadellidae; DNA probes; yellows; biotinylation; cloning vectors; DNA; probes; aster yellows; mycoplasma-like organisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intermolecular relationships of major surface proteins of Anaplasma marginale AN - 16572855; 3646085 AB - Immunization with Anaplasma marginale membranes containing major surface proteins (MSPs) induces protective immunity against clinical disease (N. Tebele, T. C. McGuire, and G. H. Palmer, Infect. Immun. 59:3199-3204, 1991). For use in design of a recombinant antigen subunit vaccine for A. marginale, intermolecular relationships of known A. marginale MSPs were analyzed. Under nonreducing conditions, MSP-2 and MSP-5 occur as multimers. A large (>300-kDa-molecular-mass), nonreduced protein complex contained MSP-1a linked by disulfide bonds to MSP-1b and by noncovalent bonds to MSP-5. MSP-2 was also noncovalently bound to this complex. The nearest neighbor membrane proteins were identified by cross-linking reactions followed by immunoblotting with anti-MSP antibodies. A cross-linked aggregate retained in the stacking gel contained MSP-1a, MSP-1b, MSP-2, MSP-3, MSP-4, and MSP-5. Collectively, the data indicate that MSP-2 and MSP-5 occur as monomers and disulfide-bonded multimers. The MSP-1 complex occurs as both disulfide-bonded and noncovalently associated MSP-1a and MSP-1b, and MSP-2 and MSP-5 are noncovalently associated with MSP-1. Also, MSP-1, MSP-2, MSP-3 and MSP-4 are nearest neighbors, and MSP-5 is noncovalently associated with this cross-linked complex. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Vidotto, M C AU - McGuire, T C AU - McElwain, T F AU - Palmer, G H AU - Knowles, DP Jr AD - USDA/ARS, Dep. Vet. Microbiol. and Pathol., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-7030, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2940 EP - 2946 VL - 62 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - membrane proteins KW - cross-linking KW - disulfide bonds KW - cell surface KW - Anaplasma marginale KW - immunoblotting KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16572855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Intermolecular+relationships+of+major+surface+proteins+of+Anaplasma+marginale&rft.au=Vidotto%2C+M+C%3BMcGuire%2C+T+C%3BMcElwain%2C+T+F%3BPalmer%2C+G+H%3BKnowles%2C+DP+Jr&rft.aulast=Vidotto&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2940&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anaplasma marginale; cell surface; membrane proteins; disulfide bonds; cross-linking; immunoblotting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of two sex pheromone trap designs for monitoring corn earworm and tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16572777; 3648531 AB - Two sizes of the Texas Pheromone (TP) trap and the International Pheromone Systems' (IP) Universal Moth trap with (IP1) and without (IP2) an insecticide strip were compared season-long for monitoring adult activity of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Diameters of the bottom opening of the outer cone and top opening of the inner cone of two sizes of the TP trap that were evaluated were 75 and 50 cm (TP75-50) and 50 and 25 cm (TP50-25), respectively. Based on the means for the number of males of both species caught per trap per week, the ranking of the traps was TP75-50 > TP50-25 > IP1 equal to IP2. Mean efficiency ratios (calculated as the number of males caught per week divided by the number caught in the TP75-50) for the TP50-25, IP1, and IP2 traps were 0.47, 0.04, and 0.03 for Heliothis virescens and 0.55, 0.28, and 0.12 for Helicoverpa zea, respectively. The difference in mean efficiency ratios between species was not significant for the TP50-25 trap, but the differences were significant for the IP1 and IP2 traps. The results indicated that TP trap efficiencies were similar for Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens, IP trap efficiency was very low for Heliothis virescens, and the presence of insecticide strips in the IP traps had no detrimental effects on catches of either species. Linear regression equations were derived among all possible combinations of trap types. Highest r-squares were obtained for TP75-50 and TP50-25 traps for weekly and daily catches for Helicoverpa zea (r super(2) = 0.955 and 0.816, respectively) and for Heliothis virescens (r super(2) = 0.926 and 0.830, respectively). JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Lopez, JD Jr AU - Goodenough, J L AU - Beerwinkle, K R AD - Crop Insect Pests Manage. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Route 5, Box 808, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 793 EP - 801 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Lepidoptera KW - pheromone traps KW - Noctuidae KW - Heliothis virescens KW - monitoring KW - sex pheromone KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects KW - Y 25863:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16572777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+sex+pheromone+trap+designs+for+monitoring+corn+earworm+and+tobacco+budworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Lopez%2C+JD+Jr%3BGoodenough%2C+J+L%3BBeerwinkle%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=JD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=793&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliothis virescens; Helicoverpa zea; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; monitoring; sex pheromone; pheromone traps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viewer preference for spatial arrangement of park trees: An application of video-imaging technology AN - 16572094; 3650645 AB - Research on perception of parks and recreation settings has examined several important tree attributes that influence people's visual preferences. This research, however, has usually not considered the spatial arrangement of the trees, partly because of the lack of adequate methods for representing tree arrangements with systematically manipulated geometries. In the study reported here, computer video-imaging techniques were used to construct simulated landscape scenes that varied on specific dimensions of the spatial configuration of trees. The simulations were rated for visual preference by three respondent groups: a university class, a bicycle club, and a women's civic group. Preference ratings were significantly influenced by the number of trees in the scene, by the number of clumps into which trees were grouped, and by the diameter of the clumps. The video-imaging technology implemented in this study offers important methodological advantages for the design of carefully controlled experiments to study human response to variation in landscape treatments. JF - Environmental Management AU - Schroeder, H W AU - Orland, B AD - USDA For. Serv., North Cent. For. Exp. Stn., 5801 N. Pulaski Rd., Bldg. C, Chicago, IL 60646, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 119 EP - 128 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - visual perception KW - planning KW - trees KW - recreation sites KW - environmental perception KW - methodology KW - D 04902:Recreation/landscaping KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16572094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Viewer+preference+for+spatial+arrangement+of+park+trees%3A+An+application+of+video-imaging+technology&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+H+W%3BOrland%2C+B&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; trees; recreation sites; environmental perception; visual perception; planning; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in residual myoglobin content and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity in cooked bovine semimembranosus tissue as related to temperature of cooking media above end-point temperature and sample size AN - 16572050; 3650462 AB - The variables, sample size and temperature of cooking media, were tested to determine their influence on myoglobin content and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities in bovine semimembranosus tissue thermally processed in a model heat treatment system. Data were obtained from 2.9 and 5.5 x 8.0 cm samples that were thermally processed to end-point temperatures (EPTs) of 62.8, 71.1 and 79.4 degree C in a water bath that exceeded EPTs by 2 and 20 degree C. Myoglobin denaturation differed by EPTs within samples, by sample size at the specified EPTs and by temperature of the heating media used to attain the EPTs within sample sizes. Similar variations at this probability level were observed in the analyses for residual GOT activities of the samples. Data indicate the inadequacies of analysis of these parameters in model systems that do not duplicate the actual process being evaluated. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Senter, S D AU - Townsend, W E AU - Searcy, G K AD - USDA-ARS, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., Poult. Proc. and Meat Qual. Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 502 EP - 504 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - myoglobin KW - glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - meat KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16572050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Variability+in+residual+myoglobin+content+and+glutamic+oxaloacetic+transaminase+%28GOT%29+activity+in+cooked+bovine+semimembranosus+tissue+as+related+to+temperature+of+cooking+media+above+end-point+temperature+and+sample+size&rft.au=Senter%2C+S+D%3BTownsend%2C+W+E%3BSearcy%2C+G+K&rft.aulast=Senter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - meat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of temperature and relative humidity on development of Cercosporidium personatum on peanut in Georgia AN - 16572013; 3650488 AB - In controlled environment experiments, a minimum of 4 hr of relative humidity greater than or equal to 95% per day was required for conidial production by Cercosporidium personatum, and the highest numbers of conidia were produced when lesions were subjected to daily periods of 16 or more hours of relative humidity greater than or equal to 95%. The optimum temperature for spore production was near 20 C. In field studies, numbers of airborne conidia of C. personatum, the causal agent of peanut late leaf spot, were monitored with Burkard 7-day recording volumetric spore traps at Athens, Plains, and Tifton, Georgia, in 1986-1988. Trapping of conidia was initiated in mid-July to early August, when late leaf spot lesions were first detected. A diurnal periodicity in spore release was observed, with peak spore catches occurring between 10 A.M. and 6 P.M. Conidia were detected on most days during the trapping period. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alderman, S C AU - Nutter, FW Jr AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Forage Seed Prod. Res. Cent., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 690 EP - 694 VL - 78 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - temperature KW - Cercosporidium personatum KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - humidity KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16572013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effect+of+temperature+and+relative+humidity+on+development+of+Cercosporidium+personatum+on+peanut+in+Georgia&rft.au=Alderman%2C+S+C%3BNutter%2C+FW+Jr&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=690&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arachis hypogaea; humidity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing of bob calf fecal swabs for the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 16571945; 3638305 AB - Rectal swabs were collected from 304 bob calves (calves under 10 d old) brought to slaughter in the states of Washington (77 swabs), California (127 swabs), and Wisconsin (100 swabs). The swab samples were tested for the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by the use of a direct smear method, enrichment method, and the use of the Petrifilm super(TM) Test Kit-HEC-for hemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (3M Company, St. Paul, MN). The organism was not isolated from any of the samples by any method, though the 3M test kit did give 21 positive signals. Of these positive signals, three were shown to be caused by sorbitol-positive, O157-positive, H7-negative E. coli. The cause of the other 18 signals was not determined. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Martin AU - Uhler, P M AU - Okrend, AJG AU - Chiu, J Y AD - Food Saf. and Insp. Serv., Western Lab., USDA, P.O. Box 4008, Alameda, CA 94501-0408, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 70 EP - 72 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - cattle KW - calves KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - USA KW - Escherichia coli KW - testing KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16571945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Testing+of+bob+calf+fecal+swabs+for+the+presence+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Martin%3BUhler%2C+P+M%3BOkrend%2C+AJG%3BChiu%2C+J+Y&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; USA; testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of L-arabinose, D-xylose and D-glucose by ethanologenic recombinant Klebsiella oxytoca strain P2 AN - 16571803; 3646239 AB - Recombinant Klebsiella oxytoca strain P2 carrying genes for pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase from Zymomonas mobilis was evaluated for its ability to ferment arabinose, xylose and glucose alone and in mixtures in pH-controlled batch fermentations. This organism produced 0.34-0.43 g ethanol/g sugar at pH 6.0 and 30 degree C on 8% sugar substrate and demonstrated a preference for glucose. Sugar utilization was glucose > arabinose > xylose and ethanol production was xylose > glucose > arabinose. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Bothast, R J AU - Saha, B C AU - Flosenzier, A V AU - Ingram, LO AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 401 EP - 406 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - D-xylose KW - alcohol dehydrogenase KW - arabinose KW - glucose KW - pyruvate decarboxylase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - recombinants KW - fermentation KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16571803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+L-arabinose%2C+D-xylose+and+D-glucose+by+ethanologenic+recombinant+Klebsiella+oxytoca+strain+P2&rft.au=Bothast%2C+R+J%3BSaha%2C+B+C%3BFlosenzier%2C+A+V%3BIngram%2C+LO&rft.aulast=Bothast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recombinants; fermentation; Zymomonas mobilis; Klebsiella pneumoniae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age and crowding affects the amount of sex pheromone and the oviposition rates of virgin and mated females of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 16571235; 3635564 AB - The quantity of sex pheromone and the egg-deposition rate was recorded for mated and virgin adult females of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) for 2 wk following eclosion. When a female was mated, the amount of pheromone in the pheromone gland decreased and remained low. The rate of oviposition increased the day after mating, peaked 2 d following mating, and then gradually declined. This inverse correlation between pheromone quantity and oviposition rate also was seen in aging virgin females. The amount of sex pheromone present in the glands of virgin females decreased during the 1st wk after eclosion and then increased during the 2nd wk to about half the amount found in 1-d-old females. Egg deposition by virgin females held singly increased steadily during adult life. The number of eggs laid when 2, 5, or 10 females were combined into one cage was the same, but these groups of females laid 3.5 times more eggs on average per female than single females. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Abernathy, R L AU - Teal, PEA AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 350 EP - 354 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - females KW - Lepidoptera KW - crowding KW - age KW - Noctuidae KW - rates KW - oviposition KW - sex pheromone KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16571235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Age+and+crowding+affects+the+amount+of+sex+pheromone+and+the+oviposition+rates+of+virgin+and+mated+females+of+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Abernathy%2C+R+L%3BTeal%2C+PEA%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Abernathy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicoverpa zea; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; sex pheromone; age; crowding; oviposition; rates; females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field and greenhouse investigations on winter bud production by Potamogeton gramineus L AN - 16571095; 3639445 AB - Potamogeton gramineus L. winter buds were present in the Byrnes Canal in northern California from August through October. Density (number m super(-2)) of winter buds increased during this period and was inversely related to photoperiod. Density varied from year to year (1985-1991) and maximum average density of 761 m super(-2) was recorded in 1986. In greenhouse experiments, winter buds were present on plants after 8-10 weeks of growth at a 10 h photoperiod, but not at a 14 h photoperiod. Plants grown at a 10 photoperiod but with the dark period interrupted with either 20 or 60 min of dim light at 13 mu M m super(-2)/s did not produce winter buds. Similar plants grown at a 10 h photoperiod with no interruption of the dark period produced winter buds. Plants grown with interruption of the dark period displayed dry matter allocation patterns similar to plants grown at a 16 h photoperiod. This information confirms earlier reports with other species about in importance of photoperiod for initiating vegetative propagule formation, and will improve capabilities for predicting vegetative reproduction by rooted aquatic plants. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Spencer, D F AU - Anderson, LWJ AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Aquatic Weed Control Res. Lab., Sect. Plant Biol., Robbins Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 285 EP - 295 VL - 48 IS - 3-4 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - USA, California, Solano Cty., Byrnes Canal KW - freshwater weeds KW - plant control KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - light effects KW - Potamogeton gramineus KW - budding KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - buds KW - photoperiods KW - vegetative reproduction KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16571095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Field+and+greenhouse+investigations+on+winter+bud+production+by+Potamogeton+gramineus+L&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BAnderson%2C+LWJ%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - light effects; plant control; budding; aquatic plants; buds; photoperiods; freshwater weeds; vegetative reproduction; Potamogeton gramineus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on basidiospore germination and on infection of slash pine seedlings by Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme AN - 16570971; 3639727 AB - In vitro germination of basidiospores of 10 isolates of Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme occurred within 24 h at temperatures of 8-32 C. At 32 C, only very short germ tubes developed. Germination was frequent at temperatures of 12-28 C, and 90% of the maximum germination occurred at 14.6-29.6 C. On the basis of second-degree polynomial regressions, the optimum temperatures during 24 h of moist incubation for the infection of pines were 17.7 and 19 C in two experiments. Moist incubation for 24 h at 11.6-23.4 C resulted in greater than or equal to 90% of the maximum infection rate for susceptible slash pine seedlings. Basidiospores were able to initiate infections over a broad temperature range of 8-28 C during a 24-h period of moist incubation. The shape and height of curves for germination of each rust isolate or infection of each pine family did not differ significantly, indicating neither factor interacted with temperature. JF - Phytopathology AU - Kuhlman, E G AU - Pepper, W D AD - Southeastern Forest Exp. Stat., USDA, Forest Serv., 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 735 EP - 739 VL - 84 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Cronartium quercuum fusiforme KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - spores KW - infection KW - rust KW - germination KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16570971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+basidiospore+germination+and+on+infection+of+slash+pine+seedlings+by+Cronartium+quercuum+f.+sp.+fusiforme&rft.au=Kuhlman%2C+E+G%3BPepper%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Kuhlman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - germination; infection; spores; rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology of the ectomycorrhizal genus, Rhizopogon: I. Host associations, host-specificity and pure culture syntheses AN - 16570443; 3643854 AB - Twenty nine isolates of Rhizopogon from 20 spp. differed markedly in their ability to form ectomycorrhizas with Douglas fir, western hemlock and lodgepole pine in pure-culture syntheses. Within the four sections of Rhizopogon there were similarities in ectomycorrhizal appearance and range of potential hosts. Intermediate and overlapping ectomycorrhizal characters were evident in closely related species complexes. Although the host-specificity of many species, based on field observations of sporocarps, often correlated with their host range in the syntheses, some fungi formed well-developed ectomycorrhiza on hosts with which they appear not to be associated in the field. The specificity of host associations is suggested as a major contributor to the speciation and diversification of Rhizopogon in the Pacific Northwest of the USA and Canada. JF - New Phytologist AU - Molina, R AU - Trappe, J M AD - USDA, For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., For. Sci. Lab., 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 653 EP - 676 VL - 126 IS - 4 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - host preferences KW - ectomycorrhizas KW - mycorrhizas KW - Rhizopogon KW - conifers KW - speciation KW - host specificity KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16570443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Biology+of+the+ectomycorrhizal+genus%2C+Rhizopogon%3A+I.+Host+associations%2C+host-specificity+and+pure+culture+syntheses&rft.au=Molina%2C+R%3BTrappe%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Molina&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizopogon; host preferences; host specificity; conifers; speciation; ectomycorrhizas; mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on meridic diet containing silks from a resistant corn genotype on Archytas marmoratus (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Ichneumon promissorius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) AN - 16570155; 3639998 AB - Larvae of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) fed on a meridic diet containing silks of a resistant corn genotype, 'Zapalote Chico 2451# (PC3)', were examined as suitable hosts for a larval-pupal parasitoid, Archytas marmoratus (Townsend), and a pupal parasitoid, Ichneumon promissorius (Erich). Host pupal weight, parasitoid weight, and developmental time were significantly reduced when host larvae were reared on a diet containing resistant silks compared with diet without resistant silks. Weight of A. marmoratus was strongly correlated with host weight for both host diets. Parasitoid developmental time for both parasitoids was also correlated with host pupal weight for hosts fed on a diet containing resistant silks. Fecundity of both parasitoids was not affected by host diet. Adult longevity of I. promissorius was significantly reduced when reared from hosts fed the diet containing resistant silks compared with hosts reared on the diet without resistant silks. Longevity of female A. marmoratus was not affected by host diet, but male A. marmoratus lived longer when reared from hosts fed the resistant diet. Despite a few negative effects (lower percentage emergence of A. marmoratus) of a resistant host diet on the parasitoids, these strategies could be compatible because the negative effects did not result in lower parasitoid fecundity or increased parasitoid developmental time. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Mannion, C M AU - Carpenter, JE AU - Wiseman, B R AU - Gross, H R AD - Insect Biol. and Pest Manage. Res. Lab, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 837 EP - 845 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ichneumon promissorius KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ichneumonidae KW - pest resistance KW - Zea mays KW - artificial diets KW - Tachinidae KW - Archytas marmoratus KW - Hymenoptera KW - Diptera KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16570155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Host+corn+earworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+reared+on+meridic+diet+containing+silks+from+a+resistant+corn+genotype+on+Archytas+marmoratus+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29+and+Ichneumon+promissorius+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Ichneumonidae%29&rft.au=Mannion%2C+C+M%3BCarpenter%2C+JE%3BWiseman%2C+B+R%3BGross%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Mannion&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Archytas marmoratus; Ichneumonidae; Hymenoptera; Tachinidae; Diptera; artificial diets; pest resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil compaction effect on corn rootworm populations in maize artificially infested with eggs of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 16570146; 3639990 AB - Controlled infestation with eggs of western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, was used in a 2-yr study on the effects of wheel traffic-induced soil compaction on corn rootworm establishment, survival, and larval injury to the roots of maize, Zea mays L. Root injury ratings and cumulative emergence of adults of western corn rootworms, as taken from emergence cages, were lowest in plots where eggs had been infested into compacted interrows. Measurements of soil bulk density, air-filled porosity, and air permeability were taken on core samples to characterize soil physical properties in relation to soil compaction. Lowest rootworm survival and injury coincided with higher bulk density, lower air-filled porosity, and lower air permeability values characteristic of soil from the compacted interrow plots. Survival and establishment of western corn rootworm larvae were associated with greater soil pore continuity in uncompacted plots. Soil compaction induced by controlled wheel traffic may have potential as a management strategy for reducing larval corn rootworm movement into strip intercropped maize adjacent to areas previously planted to maize and rotated into a crop that is not a host for corn rootworms. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Ellsbury, M M AU - Schumacher, TE AU - Gustin, R D AU - Woodson, W D AD - North. Grain Insects Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, North. Plains Area, Rural Rte. 3, Brookings, SD 57006, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 943 EP - 948 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - agricultural practices KW - Coleoptera KW - infestation KW - eggs KW - Zea mays KW - Diabrotica virgifera KW - soil KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16570146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Soil+compaction+effect+on+corn+rootworm+populations+in+maize+artificially+infested+with+eggs+of+western+corn+rootworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Ellsbury%2C+M+M%3BSchumacher%2C+TE%3BGustin%2C+R+D%3BWoodson%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Ellsbury&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica virgifera; Zea mays; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; agricultural practices; soil; population levels; infestation; eggs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mo-independent nitrogenase 3 is advantageous for diazotrophic growth of Azotobacter vinelandii on solid medium containing molybdenum AN - 16570094; 3642879 AB - Competition experiments between wild-type Azotobacter vinelandii and a mutant lacking Mo-independent nitrogenase 3 indicate that nitrogenase 3 provides an advantage during diazotrophic growth on agar media containing 100 to 500 nM Na sub(2)MoO sub(4) but not in liquid media under the same conditions. Expression of nitrogenase 3 in wild-type cells growing on agar surfaces was verified with an anfH-lacZ fusion and by detection of nitrogenase 3 subunits. These results show that nitrogenase 3 is important for diazotrophic growth on agar medium at molybdenum concentrations that are not limiting for Mo-dependent diazotrophic growth in liquid medium. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Maynard, R H AU - Premakumar, R AU - Bishop, P E AD - USDA-ARS, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5583 EP - 5586 VL - 176 IS - 17 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - nitrogenase 3 KW - molybdenum KW - diazotrophy KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - micronutrients KW - media (culture) KW - Azotobacter vinelandii KW - J 02703:Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16570094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Mo-independent+nitrogenase+3+is+advantageous+for+diazotrophic+growth+of+Azotobacter+vinelandii+on+solid+medium+containing+molybdenum&rft.au=Maynard%2C+R+H%3BPremakumar%2C+R%3BBishop%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Azotobacter vinelandii; media (culture); micronutrients ER - TY - CONF T1 - Using satellite remote sensing to extrapolate evapotranspiration estimates in time and space over a semiarid rangeland basin AN - 16569100; 3638624 AB - Remote sensing data from the NOAA-11 AVHRR satellite were collected over the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeastern Arizona during the MONSOON 90 field campaigns. An energy balance model which relies primarily on remotely sensed inputs was used to extrapolate evapotranspiration (ET) estimates from one location containing near-surface meteorological data to other areas in the basin. Satisfactory results were obtained under a wide range of environmental conditions. However, the ET values are essentially instantaneous and therefore do not necessarily provide reliable estimates of daytime or daily ET fluxes required for many hydrological and resource management applications. An operational technique was developed to extrapolate one time of day ET estimates to daytime averages using the evaporative fraction concept and empirical methods for converting midday available energy to daytime average values. Model derived daytime average ET fluxes were in reasonable agreement with local ground-based measurements. The technique also was used to estimate daily ET at the basin scale. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Kustas, W P AU - Perry, E M AU - Doraiswamy, P C AU - Moran Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 275 EP - 286 VL - 49 IS - 3 KW - satellites KW - semiarid environments KW - satellite technology KW - meteorological data collection KW - hydrologic budget KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - river basins KW - evapotranspiration KW - remote sensing KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16569100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Using+satellite+remote+sensing+to+extrapolate+evapotranspiration+estimates+in+time+and+space+over+a+semiarid+rangeland+basin&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BPerry%2C+E+M%3BDoraiswamy%2C+P+C%3BMoran&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil core and minirhizotron comparison for the determination of root length density AN - 16568982; 3634568 AB - Detailed knowledge of the distribution of roots in the soil is important in understanding the extraction of water and nutrients from soil. Various techniques have been developed to monitor root-length density under field conditions. Excavation techniques, including soil cores, have long been considered to give reliable estimates of root-length density, but these techniques are laborious in sample collection and tedious in determination of root lengths. An attractive alternative for monitoring root-length density has been the minirhizotron whereby a periscope is inserted into a clear tube permanently installed in the soil for repeated and rapid measures of root development. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of the minirhizotron technique to measure root-length density as compared to the root-core technique. As in previous studies, substantial disagreement existed between the two techniques in the top 30-cm of the soil. The results from the minirhizotron consistently indicated a much lower root population than the root-core technique in the surface layer of soil. This is especially worrisome because more than 45% of the root-length density was found in this layer with the root-core technique. At deeper soil layers, the minirhizotron data proved to be no less variable than the root-core technique making the determination of statistically significant results difficult. Finally, the relationship between the minirhizotron and soil-core results varied with time even when the observations from the soil surface layer were ignored. Attempts to directly translate minirhizotron observations into a root-length density using a correlation approach would be suspect based on the results of this experiment. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Samson, B K AU - Sinclair, T R AD - USDA-ARS, Agron. Physiol. Lab., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0840, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 225 EP - 232 VL - 161 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Zea mays KW - soil-water-plant relationships KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - nutrients KW - soil properties KW - roots KW - plants KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16568982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Soil+core+and+minirhizotron+comparison+for+the+determination+of+root+length+density&rft.au=Samson%2C+B+K%3BSinclair%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Samson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; roots; soil-water-plant relationships; nutrients; plants; soil properties ER - TY - CONF T1 - Carbon allocation, gas exchange, and needle morphology of Pinus ponderosa genotypes known to differ in growth and survival under imposed drought AN - 16568971; 3634563 AB - Seedlings from 27 open-pollinated families of ponderosa pine representing nine geographically diverse origins were screened for drought tolerance based on survival and growth under imposed drought. Seedlings that had been preconditioned to drought survived 14 days longer than seedlings that had been well watered before being subjected to drought. Seed sources varied in their ability to survive drought and this variation was accentuated by drought preconditioning. Seedlings from a South Dakota source and a Nebraska source generally survived the longest under drought. Seedlings from a Montana source and a New Mexico source succumbed the fastest after water was withheld. Significant family within source variation in drought survival was observed for some sources. In general, drought survival was poorly correlated to climate indices of the seed sources. Allocation of biomass to roots, stems, and needles varied significantly among the seed sources with the most drought-sensitive sources (Montana and New Mexico) showing the most divergent allocation patterns. The relation between drought survival and shoot/root ratio suggested that there is an optimum pattern of allocation for drought survival. A comparison of the most and least drought-tolerant sources indicated that needle gas exchange (net photosynthesis and needle conductance to water vapor) and predawn needle water potential were similar among the sources regardless of their relative ability to survive drought. Needle morphology traits often associated with variation in drought tolerance, such as stomatal density and specific leaf area, did not differ among the seed sources. However, seedlings from the drought-tolerant sources had shorter needles, less surface area per needle, and fewer stomata per needle than seedlings from the drought-sensitive sources. The results suggest that drought tolerance of ponderosa pine may be improved through seed source selection and, within certain sources, family selection. Allocation patterns and needle morphology appear to play a larger role than needle gas exchange patterns in determining drought tolerance in this species. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Cregg, B M Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 883 EP - 898 VL - 14 IS - 7-9 KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - gas exchange KW - droughts KW - carbon KW - drought KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - leaves KW - seedlings KW - water stress KW - trees KW - survival KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16568971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Carbon+allocation%2C+gas+exchange%2C+and+needle+morphology+of+Pinus+ponderosa+genotypes+known+to+differ+in+growth+and+survival+under+imposed+drought&rft.au=Cregg%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Cregg&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7-9&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wood decomposition of Cyrilla racemiflora in a tropical montane forest AN - 16567885; 3636065 AB - Changes in wood density, nutrient content, and invertebrate populations throughout the decay of Cyrilla racemiflora (Cyrillaceaea) were compared with those observed in temperate woody tree species. Wood density tended to remain constant as decay advanced except in the late stages. Nutrients (N, P, Ca, Mg) were in highest concentrations in intact bark, surface wood, and wood in advanced decay. Concentrations of N and P were highly correlated, as were concentrations of Ca and Mg. The C/N ratio was determined mainly by changes in N because C tended to remain constant as decay proceeded. The C/N ratio of wood in advanced decay was 79, one of the lowest reported, and the concentration of N was one of the highest reported (0.69%) in studies of wood decomposition. Nitrogen and P were in greater concentrations in the feces of the cerambycid Parandra cribata than in surrounding wood. A total of 138 invertebrate species was identified. The number of species increased as decay progressed. Termites (Parvitermes discolor and Glyptotermes pubescens) and ants (Pheidole moerens, Paratrechina spp. and Solenopsis spp.) were the most abundant invertebrates, with ants more abundant in snags than in logs. The scarcity of bark beetles and wood borers such as carpenter ants and bees in the wood of C. racemiflora contrasted with reports of their presence in dead wood from other tree species. JF - Biotropica AU - Torres, JA AD - Intl. Inst. Trop. For., U.S.D.A. For. Serv., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00928-2500, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 124 EP - 140 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0006-3606, 0006-3606 KW - USA, Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - community composition KW - Cyrilla racemiflora KW - Invertebrata KW - nutrient content KW - decay KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16567885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=Wood+decomposition+of+Cyrilla+racemiflora+in+a+tropical+montane+forest&rft.au=Torres%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotropica&rft.issn=00063606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyrilla racemiflora; Invertebrata; decay; nutrient content; community composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology and host preference of Oxicesta geographica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) candidate agent for biological control of Euphorbia esula complex (Euphorbiaceae) in North America AN - 16567663; 3630599 AB - The biology and host specificity of Oxicesta geographica F. from Romania, Hungary, and Southwest Russia were studied to evaluate the potential of this moth as a new biological control agent of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L., "complex" in North America. This oligophagous, multivoltine tent caterpillar is common on perennial spurges in southeastern Europe and Asia Minor and prefers dry, open sites. Results of no-choice feeding tests with first instars on 93 plant species and biotypes, distributed in 33 families show that O. geographica completed its life cycle mainly on plants of Euphorbia, subgenus Esula, and occasionally fed and developed on species in other subgenera of the genus. Studies of late instars did not show any important extensions of the host range. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Cristofaro, M AU - Gassmann, A AU - Pecora, P AD - USDA-ARS European Biol. Control Lab., Int. Inst. Biol. Control, Batiment B1, Parc Sci. Agropolis II Blvd. Lironde 34980, Montferrier sur Lez, France Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1006 EP - 1012 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Oxicesta geographica KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - biological control KW - host preferences KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - Euphorbia esula KW - biology KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16567663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Biology+and+host+preference+of+Oxicesta+geographica+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+candidate+agent+for+biological+control+of+Euphorbia+esula+complex+%28Euphorbiaceae%29+in+North+America&rft.au=Cristofaro%2C+M%3BGassmann%2C+A%3BPecora%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cristofaro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1006&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Euphorbia esula; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; biology; host preferences; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Macroinvertebrates of the northern Everglades: Species composition and trophic structure AN - 16567330; 3634469 AB - Macroinvertebrates of the northern Everglades are adapted to temporary waters with fluctuating oxygen concentrations, and periodic high (>35.0C) temperatures. Despite harsh conditions, the macroinvertebrate assemblage was surprisingly diverse with species richness values similar to well-oxygenated, lotic ecosystems. One hundred and forty-eight taxa of macroinvertebrates were identified from sloughs in the northern Everglades. Although the diversity and density of macroinvertebrates in sloughs were dominated by Chironomidae, Gastropoda, and Coleoptera, the amphipod Hyallella azteca was the most abundant species collected. Macroinvertebrate diversity and density was reduced in dense sawgrass. Almost all taxa, however, were well represented within man-made canals where amphipods and the freshwater shrimp Palaemonetes paludosus were extremely abundant. Trophic categories were dominated by grazers and collector-gatherers. Energy flow was equally distributed through grazer and detritivore pathways. Macroinvertebrates of the northern Everglades are characterized by common species from North America and the southeastern United States with a few colonists from Central and South America. However, two species, the most abundant snail Planorbella duryi and the mayfly Callibaetis floridanus, are endemic to the Florida peninsula. JF - Florida Scientist AU - Rader, R B AD - USDA, Forest Serv., Rocky Mountain Exp. Stn., 222 So. 22nd St., Laramie, WY 82070-5299, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 22 EP - 33 VL - 57 IS - 1-2 SN - 0098-4590, 0098-4590 KW - biological surveys KW - macrofauna KW - species composition KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - community composition KW - trophic levels KW - USA, Florida, Everglades KW - population density KW - Freshwater KW - wetlands KW - Invertebrata KW - species diversity KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q1 08183:Taxonomy and morphology KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - D 04200:Wetlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16567330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Scientist&rft.atitle=Macroinvertebrates+of+the+northern+Everglades%3A+Species+composition+and+trophic+structure&rft.au=Rader%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Scientist&rft.issn=00984590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - community composition; trophic levels; population density; wetlands; biological surveys; species diversity; species composition; macrofauna; Invertebrata; USA, Florida, Everglades; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte proliferation in response to Brucella abortus 2308 or RB51 antigens in mice infected with strain 2308, RB51, or 19 AN - 16567247; 3636509 AB - Lymphocyte proliferation to 22 protein fractions (106 to 18 kDa) of Brucella abortus 2308 or the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen-deficient mutant of 2308, strain RB51, was measured for 20 weeks after infection of mice with strain 2308, RB51, or 19. Throughout the 20-week study, the 22 protein fractions of 2308 and RB51 induced a similar pattern of proliferation when they were incubated with lymphocytes from the infected mice. In addition, during the 20 weeks, lymphocytes from all groups of infected mice exhibited the highest proliferation when the lymphocytes were incubated with 18-kDa or smaller proteins from either 2308 or RB51. Lymphocytes obtained from mice at 6 weeks after infection with strain RB51 or 19 exhibited similar proliferation to the 18-kDa proteins of S2308 or SRB51. Lymphocytes from strain 2308-infected mice did not proliferate to these proteins until 10 weeks after infection, and the responses were similar to those in strain RB51-infected mice but lower than those in strain 19-infected mice. Lymphocytes obtained from mice at 20 weeks after infection with strain 19 or 2308 proliferated to most of the 22 fractions of 2308 or RB51, which contained 106- to 18-kDa proteins. However, lymphocytes obtained from strain RB51-infected mice at 20 weeks did not proliferate to any of these fractions. These results indicate that mice infected with RB51 have less-persistent lymphocyte proliferative responses to 2308 proteins than do mice infected with 2308 or 19. In addition, all 2308 proteins that stimulate lymphocyte proliferation appear to be present in RB51. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Stevens, M G AU - Olsen, S C AU - Pugh, GW Jr AD - NADC, USDA, ARS, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4659 EP - 4663 VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cell proliferation KW - lymphocytes T KW - Brucella abortus KW - antigens KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06753:Activation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16567247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+proliferation+in+response+to+Brucella+abortus+2308+or+RB51+antigens+in+mice+infected+with+strain+2308%2C+RB51%2C+or+19&rft.au=Stevens%2C+M+G%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BPugh%2C+GW+Jr&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; lymphocytes T; cell proliferation; antigens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of equilibria in a gene-for-gene coevolution model of host-parasite interactions AN - 15814499; 4000542 AB - Stability of resistance/susceptibility and virulence/avirulence polymorphisms in a gene-for-gene host-parasite coevolution model was tested by numerical analysis. Computer simulations were run for 752 different combinations of parameter values in the model. Repeated simulations with different initial frequencies of resistance and virulence alleles revealed the presence of an unstable limit cycle for each combination of parameter values. Represented in a phase plane, unstable limit cycles repel gene frequencies (i.e., gene frequencies starting inside the limit cycle spiral inward toward an internal equilibrium point; those starting outside the limit cycle spiral outward toward fixation or extinction). Depending on their initial frequencies in the model, alleles for virulence and susceptibility either spiraled toward equilibrium or they became fixed. Likewise, alleles for avirulence and resistance moved either toward equilibrium or extinction. Thus, the position of the unstable limit cycle and the initial gene frequencies determined whether the system went toward a stable equilibrium or fixation of virulence and susceptibility. The position of the unstable limit cycle depended on the values of key parameters in the model. For some combinations of parameter values, the unstable limit cycles extended so far from the equilibrium point that new genes for virulence could not possibly enter the parasite population at frequencies outside the limit cycle. In those cases, the polymorphisms were regarded as stable in biological terms. Two versions of the coevolution model were compared. In the hard-selection version, virulence alleles carry an associated fitness cost of reduced inherent rate of reproduction on either susceptible or resistant hosts. In the competition version, only unneccessary virulence carries a fitness cost, because the cost of virulence is expressed as reduced competitive ability on susceptible hosts. Polymorphisms were stable for moderate costs of unnecessary virulence in the competition version of the model but usually were not stable for the hard-selection version. In the competition version, polymorphisms were stable even when there was no cost of resistance, provided that the cost of unnecessary virulence was moderately high. JF - Phytopathology AU - Leonard, K J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Cereal Rust Lab, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - Jan 1994 SP - 70 EP - 77 VL - 84 IS - 1 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - models KW - coevolution KW - host-parasite interactions KW - plant diseases KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15814499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Stability+of+equilibria+in+a+gene-for-gene+coevolution+model+of+host-parasite+interactions&rft.au=Leonard%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; plant diseases; host-parasite interactions; coevolution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boric acid-phenolic relationships within the Pinus echinata-Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizal association AN - 15682161; 3969714 AB - At germination, container-grown shortleaf pine seedlings were inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch or left uninoculated, and both groups were fertilized semiweekly with a modified Hoagland's solution supplemented with 0 or 0.4 mM boric acid. After 12, 16 and 24 weeks, seedling root tissue was analyzed for ectomycorrhizal colonization, phenolic concentration and phenoloxidase activity. In addition, phenoloxidase activity was assayed in P. tinctorius that had been cultured in a liquid medium containing boric acid. Inoculation with P. tinctorius increased the root phenolic concentration of 16- and 24-week-old seedlings, and increased root phenoloxidase activity in 12-, 16- and 24-week-old seedlings. Fertilization with boric acid reduced the phenolic concentration of P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizae after 24 weeks. Although boric acid fertilization did not affect the phenoloxidase activity of 12-, 16- and 24-week-old inoculated roots, or that of 16- and 24-week-old uninoculated roots, it increased the phenoloxidase activity of P. tinctorius grown in vitro and 12-week-old uninoculated roots. We conclude that boric acid fertilization influences the phenolic relations of the shortleaf pine-P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizal association, possibly through a boric acid-induced increase in phenoloxidase activity (DBO). JF - Tree Physiology AU - Sword, MA AU - Garrett, HE AD - USDA Forest Serv., Southern Forest Exp. Sta., 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1121 EP - 1130 VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - ectomycorrhiza KW - boric acid KW - phenols KW - phenoloxidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Pinus echinata KW - Pisolithus tinctorius KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15682161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Boric+acid-phenolic+relationships+within+the+Pinus+echinata-Pisolithus+tinctorius+ectomycorrhizal+association&rft.au=Sword%2C+MA%3BGarrett%2C+HE&rft.aulast=Sword&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus echinata; Pisolithus tinctorius ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental effects of forest soil-invertebrate and fungal densities in oak stands along an urban-rural land use gradient AN - 15661895; 3953590 AB - Urban-rural land use gradients are environmental gradients determined largely by human activity. Although gradients of land use are readily measurable, little is known about the effects of urbanization on forest soil properties and soil fauna and microflora. The purpose of this research was to analyze soil-invertebrate and fungal densities in undisturbed forest stands along a soil environmental gradient characterized by i) higher heavy metal concentration, ii) higher organic matter and N concentration, and iii) slightly lower soil pH in urban than in rural stands. The distribution of Oribatida, Collembola, and fungivorous nematodes are potentially influenced by high heavy metal concentrations in the urban stands, though other factors associated with the urban-rural environmental gradient may also have a strong influence. Litter fungal abundance was followed on a cohort of oak litter over a 36 week period. Although fungal densities were initially familiar in urban, suburban, and rural sites, total fungal growth rose quickly in rural oak litter relative to litter of the same species in urban and suburban stands. As with the fungivorous microinvertebrate feeding groups, fungal densities were negatively correlated with forest floor heavy metal concentrations. The observed patterns in soil invertebrate populations may be partly a trophic response to lower fungal densities in litter in urban stands. JF - Pedobiologia AU - Pouyat, R V AU - Parmelee, R W AU - Carreiro, M M AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Experiment Stn., c/o Inst. Ecosystem Stud., Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 385 EP - 399 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0031-4056, 0031-4056 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - forests KW - population density KW - environmental effects KW - Collembola KW - fungi KW - Quercus KW - Acari KW - land use KW - soil KW - A 01044:General KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15661895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pedobiologia&rft.atitle=Environmental+effects+of+forest+soil-invertebrate+and+fungal+densities+in+oak+stands+along+an+urban-rural+land+use+gradient&rft.au=Pouyat%2C+R+V%3BParmelee%2C+R+W%3BCarreiro%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Pouyat&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pedobiologia&rft.issn=00314056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Acari; Collembola; environmental effects; forests; soil; fungi; population density; land use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of cellular and extracellular proteins expressed by various isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and other mycobacterial species AN - 15606040; 3926038 AB - Protein expression profiles of 10 isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, M. avium 18 (formeriy M. paratuberculosis 18), and 1 isolate each of M. avium serotype 2, M. avium serotype 8, and M. bovis BCG were examined. Protein expression profiles of M. paratuberculosis and M. avium were similar. However, two-dimensional gel analysis of [ super(35)S]methionine-labeled cellular proteins resolved 4 proteins, with molecular mass of 28,000, 32,000, 32,000, and 42,000 daltons, which were expressed in greater amounts in M. paratuberculosis than in M. avium. Two proteins, with molecular mass of 43,000 and 60,000 daltons, were identified, which were expressed in greater amounts in M. avium than in M. paratuberculosis. Immuno (westem)-blot analysis, using antiserum from 2 cows clinically infected with M. paratuberculosis as the primary antibodies, suggested that the 42,000-dalton protein may be specific for M. paratuberculosis. Comparison of protein expression profiles may be useful as a tool for differentiating isolates of M. paratuberculosis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [ super(35)S]methionine-labeled extracellular proteins revealed variability among the isolates. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [ super(35)S]methionine-labeled cellular proteins divided the M. paratuberculosis isolates into 2 groups on the basis of a difference in the amount of expression of a 28,000-dalton protein. This information may be useful in epidemiologic studies. JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research AU - White, W B AU - Whipple, D L AU - Stabel, J R AU - Bolin, CA AD - Leptospirosis/Mycobacteriosis Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1399 EP - 1405 VL - 55 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - gel electrophoresis KW - proteins KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15606040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+cellular+and+extracellular+proteins+expressed+by+various+isolates+of+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis+and+other+mycobacterial+species&rft.au=White%2C+W+B%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BBolin%2C+CA&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; gel electrophoresis; proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of mannose on Salmonella typhimurium-mediated loss of mucosal epithelial integrity in cultured chick intestinal segments AN - 15605450; 3926016 AB - The effect of incubating Salmonella typhimurium and S. typhimurium cell-free extracts with isolated intestinal segments from 1-day-old chicks was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Incubation of segments with intact bacteria or with cell-free extract resulted in the loss of mucosal epithelial integrity after as little as 30 min incubation. Loss of mucosal epithelial integrity was evidenced by the complete shedding of the epithelium. The addition of 2.5% D-mannose to the incubation medium inhibited the loss of epithelial cells, whether intestinal segments were incubated with intact bacteria or with cell-free extract. These results indicate that S. typhimurium exerts a D-mannose-sensitive cytotoxic effect on the mucosal epithelium of isolated intestinal segments and that the cytotoxic effector is present in cell-free extracts of the bacteria. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Droleskey, R E AU - Oyofo, BA AU - Hargis, B M AU - Corrier, DE AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA/ARS Food Anim. Prot. Res. Lab., Rt. 5, Box 810, Coll. Stn., TX 77845, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 275 EP - 281 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - mucosa KW - intestine KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - epithelium KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15605450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+mannose+on+Salmonella+typhimurium-mediated+loss+of+mucosal+epithelial+integrity+in+cultured+chick+intestinal+segments&rft.au=Droleskey%2C+R+E%3BOyofo%2C+BA%3BHargis%2C+B+M%3BCorrier%2C+DE%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Droleskey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; mucosa; epithelium; intestine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced infectivity of occluded virions of the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus for cell cultures AN - 15587760; 3911933 AB - The occluded form of baculoviruses is much less infectious to cell cultures than the extracellular virus (ECV). In studies using alkaline solutions or insect gut fluids, from 3,600 to 54,000 occlusion bodies (OBs) were needed per infectious unit. Yet there are reasons for wanting to use OBs, namely, for monitoring the efficacy of polyhedra and to avoid problems associated with long-term passage of the ECV. In the present study, gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus OBs were dissolved in a sodium bicarbonate/sodium chloride solution and used to infect the gypsy moth fat body cell line (IPLB-LdFBc1). Using 27 mM Na sub(2)CO sub(3) and 54 mM NaCl, the optimum time of dissolution was 30 min and approximately 1200 OBs were necessary to obtain one infectious unit. In addition, treatment of the dissolved OBs with 90 mu g/ml trypsin for 2 hr resulted in only 21 OBs being necessary to obtain one infectious unit, an improvement of over 50-fold. Also, comparison with other cell lines showed two embryonic cell lines (IPLB-LdEp and IPLB-LdEIta) to be more susceptible to dissolved OBs. However, the infectivity to these other cell lines was not improved by trypsinization of dissolved OBs. Infection of fat body cell cultures through multiple passages using dissolved and trypsinized OBs still resulted in a decline in OB productivity over time but to a lesser degree than that with ECV. The same studies showed no increase in new polyhedra (FP) mutants when the virus was passed 15 times using polyhedra-derived virus, compared with an approximately 20% increase in FP mutants when ECV was used. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Lynn, DE AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab., BARC-West, Bldg. 011A, Rm. 214, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 268 EP - 274 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - dispar KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - occlusion KW - pathogenicity KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - baculovirus KW - infectivity KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15587760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+infectivity+of+occluded+virions+of+the+gypsy+moth+nuclear+polyhedrosis+virus+for+cell+cultures&rft.au=Lynn%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nuclear polyhedrosis virus; baculovirus; occlusion; infectivity; cell culture; pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caffeic acid activity against Clostridium botulinum spores AN - 15587709; 3914242 AB - Caffeic acid (CA) is widely distributed among higher fruits and vegetables. While CA has antimicrobial activity, little information exists on its utility as a food additive. As such, CA was tested for activity against Clostridium botulinum spores. At 0.78 and 3.25 mM, CA inhibited germination for 6 and 24 hr, respectively, with >100 mM required to render spores nonviable. CA concentrations greater than or equal to 50mM reduced 80 degree C spore thermal resistance. Sporostatic activity was retained when tested in commercial meat broths, and 5.0 mM CA delayed toxigenesis. Caffeic acid has potential as a food additive to inhibit growth of C. botulinum, and reduce thermal processing requirements of heat sensitive foods. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Bowles, B L AU - Miller, A J AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., Microbial Food Safety Unit, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 905 EP - 908 VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - caffeic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - spores KW - food additives KW - antibacterial agents KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15587709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Caffeic+acid+activity+against+Clostridium+botulinum+spores&rft.au=Bowles%2C+B+L%3BMiller%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Bowles&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; spores; food additives; antibacterial agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacteriological safety of swine carcasses treated with reconditioned water AN - 15587352; 3914245 AB - Swine carcass microflora were evaluated for selected foodborne pathogens after exposure to reconditioned water during scalding, dehairing, and polishing operations. Reused water had been reconditioned and chlorinated. Rodac plates applied to hams were used to assess carcass microflora. Water samples were enumerated using membrane filtration or spiral plating. Sampling was at mid-week throughout the year. Total aerobic plate counts on hams were unaffected by treating with potable or reconditioned waters. No differences were observed for staphylococci, enterics, fecal streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes, coliforms, and Aeromonas levels. A preevisceration potable water carcass wash reduced the bacterial load, regardless of initial treatment. Bacterial counts on carcasses paralleled those in water. Reuse is an alternative to potable water for initial slaughter operations without diminishing bacteriologic safety. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Miller, A J AU - Schultz, F J AU - Oser, A AU - Hallman, J L AU - Palumbo, SA AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 739 EP - 741 VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - water KW - pork KW - meat industry KW - carcasses KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15587352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Bacteriological+safety+of+swine+carcasses+treated+with+reconditioned+water&rft.au=Miller%2C+A+J%3BSchultz%2C+F+J%3BOser%2C+A%3BHallman%2C+J+L%3BPalumbo%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carcasses; water; meat industry; pork ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Listeria monocytogenes survival model validated in simulated uncooked-fermented meat products for effects of nitrite and pH AN - 15586046; 3914249 AB - Previous modeling studies in broth cultures demonstrated that acidity and nitrite increased the inactivation rate of Listeria monocytogenes. To validate this effect during storage of simulated uncooked-fermented meat products, lean beef was ground with salt, adjusted to pH 4.0-5.1, and treated with nitrite at 0-300 mu g/mL. Samples were immediately inoculated with L. monocytogenes (10 super(7) CFU/g) and survivors were enumerated over 21 days storage at 37 degree C. The time to achieve a four log decline as greatly affected by pH, ranging from 21 days at pH 5.0 to < 1.0 day at pH 4.0. Growth occurred at pH 5.1 after a long lag period. Nitrite additions did not affect survival, suggesting that the effective concentration was the rapidly decreasing residual nitrite level. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Whiting, R C AU - Masana, MO AD - Eastern Regional Res. Cent., ARS, USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 760 EP - 762 VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - nitrite KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - fermented food KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - meat KW - pH KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15586046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Listeria+monocytogenes+survival+model+validated+in+simulated+uncooked-fermented+meat+products+for+effects+of+nitrite+and+pH&rft.au=Whiting%2C+R+C%3BMasana%2C+MO&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; meat; fermented food; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hyaluronidase and chondroitinase activity of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 involved in haemorrhagic septicaemia AN - 15581046; 3905115 AB - Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an acute septicaemic disease principally affecting cattle and buffaloes. In these domestic species, HS is a primary pasteurellosis caused by two specific serotypes of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 and E:2. Occasionally, a disease which is clinically similar to HS of cattle and buffalo is reported in wild ruminants. Serotyping of P. multocida isolated from HS-like disease in wild ruminants has shown some strains to be serotype B:2, whereas other strains have the group B capsule antigen but different somatic antigen. Serotype B:2 is not known to cause disease in avian species. However, other somatic types with the group B capsule antigen are occasionally isolated from avian species with fowl cholera, and they can have the same antigenic formula as those isolated from wild ruminants with Hs-like disease. JF - Veterinary Record AU - Rimler, R B AU - Rhoades, K R AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Avian Dis. Res. Unit, PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 67 EP - 68 VL - 134 IS - 3 SN - 0042-4900, 0042-4900 KW - hyaluronidase KW - chondroitinase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - hemorrhagic septicemia KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15581046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Record&rft.atitle=Hyaluronidase+and+chondroitinase+activity+of+Pasteurella+multocida+serotype+B%3A2+involved+in+haemorrhagic+septicaemia&rft.au=Rimler%2C+R+B%3BRhoades%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Rimler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Record&rft.issn=00424900&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; hemorrhagic septicemia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of cross-resistance among Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in resistance management AN - 15580624; 3915808 AB - Insect resistance is now recognized as a serious threat to the long-term usefulness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in pest management. Because of the great diversity among Bt toxins found in nature, one of the most tempting resistance management strategies is to use two or more found in nature, one of the most tempting resistance management strategies is to use two or more of these toxins in mixtures, rotations or sequences. Cross-resistance among toxins and the ability of insects to develop resistance to multiple toxins will limit the success of this approach. Studies have shown that there are large differences in the cross-resistance spectrum of the insect species that have been selected for resistance using single toxins or simple mixtures. Other studies have demonstrated that some species can readily develop resistance to mixtures of toxins, and that the use of strains of Bt that produce a wide array of toxins can cause broad-spectrum resistance to most Bt toxins. These factors tend to be specific to individual insect species and must be considered when attempting to manage insect resistance using multiple toxin strategies. Polygenic inheritance and the existence of multiple mechanisms of resistance may be involved in broad-spectrum resistance, and may limit the use of multiple toxin strategies for managing resistance. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - McGaughey, W H AD - U.S. Grain Marketing Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 1515 Coll. Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 427 EP - 435 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Bt toxin KW - insecticide resistance KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - cross-resistance KW - biological control KW - transgenic plants KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - pesticide resistance KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15580624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Implications+of+cross-resistance+among+Bacillus+thuringiensis+toxins+in+resistance+management&rft.au=McGaughey%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=McGaughey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cross-resistance; biological control; transgenic plants; pesticide resistance; Bacillus thuringiensis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of resistance to leaf disease in orchardgrass and smooth bromegrass germplasms AN - 15579240; 3905141 AB - Genetic resistance is the only practical method to control foliar diseases on forage grasses. Once developed, resistance must be transmitted, without selection, through several generations of seed increase. This study was conducted to determine whether disease resistance would be maintained when disease resistant germplasms were advanced to generations without conscious selection for disease resistance. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) germplasm PL-OGDR1 resistant to purple leaf spot (caused by Stagonospora arenaria Sacc.), and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leysser) germplasm PL-BDR1 resistant to brown leaf spot [caused by Pyrenophora bromi (Died.) Drechs.] were used to initiate this study. Plants of the germplasm releases, two populations produced by unselected advance, and three cultivars of each species were rated for disease reaction in two greenhouse inoculation tests. Mean spot size and disease coverage scores were low for all generations of resistant germplasms, and there were no differences among generations. The frequency distribution of disease scores within generations remained relatively constant for generations. Cultivars were much more susceptible, with disease scores that averaged twofold to threefold higher than resistant germplasms. Results indicated that in the absence of selection pressure, disease resistant populations developed by five cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection for resistance to orchardgrass purple leaf spot or bromegrass brown leaf spot can be advanced for two successive unselected generations without a shift in resistance. JF - Crop Science AU - Berg, C C AU - Sherwood, R T AD - USDA-ARS, Pasteur Systems and Watershed Manage. Res. Unit, U.S. Regional Pasture Res. Lab., Univ. Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1495 EP - 1498 VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Stagonospora arenaria KW - Pyrenophora bromi KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - grasses KW - Dactylis glomerata KW - leafspot KW - Bromus inermis KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15579240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Stability+of+resistance+to+leaf+disease+in+orchardgrass+and+smooth+bromegrass+germplasms&rft.au=Berg%2C+C+C%3BSherwood%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dactylis glomerata; Bromus inermis; leafspot; grasses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proliferation of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line in the presence of bacterial virulence factors AN - 15566535; 3905752 AB - Effects of bacterial virulence factors on bovine mammary cell structure and function are not well defined. In this study, we evaluated the influence of specific bacterial virulence factors on proliferation of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line. The MAC-T cells were cultured in the presence of medium only, Staphylococcus aureus alpha -toxin, Staph. aureus beta -toxin, Escherichia coli endotoxin, Streptococcus uberis capsule, or hyaluronidase. Cells were cultured in the presence of virulence factors for 48 h at 37 degree C. The MAC-T cell proliferation was inhibited by all concentrations of endotoxin and alpha -toxin and by most concentrations of hyaluronic acid capsule and hyaluronidase >7.8 mu g/ml. Staphylococcus aureus beta -toxin had no effect on MAC-T cell proliferation. Virulence factors produced by mastitis pathogens may influence mammary epithelial cell proliferation in vivo, which could be important during the periparturient period, when mammary tissue undergoes rapid differentiation and growth. JF - Journal of Dairy Science AU - Matthews, K R AU - Rejman, J J AU - Turner, J D AU - Oliver, S P AD - USDA/ARS, 2460 Morgan Circle, 109 McCord Hall, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2959 EP - 2964 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - MAC-T cells KW - alpha -toxin KW - beta -toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - endotoxins KW - Escherichia coli KW - virulence KW - Streptococcus uberis KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - mammary gland KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15566535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Proliferation+of+a+bovine+mammary+epithelial+cell+line+in+the+presence+of+bacterial+virulence+factors&rft.au=Matthews%2C+K+R%3BRejman%2C+J+J%3BTurner%2C+J+D%3BOliver%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus uberis; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; mammary gland; virulence; endotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crystalline swelling of 2:1 phyllosilicates AN - 1400616938; 2013-052255 JF - Program and Abstracts - Annual Clay Minerals Conference AU - Laird, David A AU - Shang, Chao AU - Thompson, Michael L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 24 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Aurora, CO VL - 31 KW - silicates KW - experimental studies KW - hysteresis KW - lattice KW - smectite KW - crystal structure KW - layered materials KW - clay minerals KW - hydration KW - expansive materials KW - theoretical models KW - sheet silicates KW - dehydration KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1400616938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.atitle=Crystalline+swelling+of+2%3A1+phyllosilicates&rft.au=Laird%2C+David+A%3BShang%2C+Chao%3BThompson%2C+Michael+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Clay Minerals Society, 31st annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2013-07-18 N1 - CODEN - CMCPCT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clay minerals; crystal structure; dehydration; expansive materials; experimental studies; hydration; hysteresis; lattice; layered materials; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; theoretical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of fire severity on nitrate mobilization in watersheds subject to chronic atmospheric deposition AN - 13691884; 199403972 AB - Controlled fires were generated in 16 ha catchments; 2 were especially severe because trees had been felled and 2 were moderate fires in undisturbed vegetation. The area received considerable air pollution from Los Angeles. Sediment flux, ammonia and nitrate were monitored in runoff and streams. Storms transported considerable debris and mobilized nitrate concentrations as high as 1.12 meq per litre. Annual nitrate loss from severely burned catchments averaged 1.2 keq per ha, which was 40 times greater than from areas that were unburned, and about 7 times more than from moderately burned areas. The combination of atmospheric deposition and severe fires produced high nitrate levels which contributed to groundwater pollution in eastern Los Angeles County. Selective burning could moderate fires and reduce nitrate production. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Riggan, P J AU - Lockwood, R N AU - Jacks, P M AU - Colver, C G AU - Weirich, F AU - DeBano, L F AU - Brass, JA AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Riverside, Calif. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 369 EP - 375 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13691884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fire+severity+on+nitrate+mobilization+in+watersheds+subject+to+chronic+atmospheric+deposition&rft.au=Riggan%2C+P+J%3BLockwood%2C+R+N%3BJacks%2C+P+M%3BColver%2C+C+G%3BWeirich%2C+F%3BDeBano%2C+L+F%3BBrass%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Riggan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in surface runoff and sediment production after repeated rangeland burns AN - 13687002; 199403532 AB - The effect of repeated seasonal burning of rangeland vegetation on surface runoff and sediment production was studied at 2 rangeland sites in south-eastern Arizona. Rainfall simulations were carried out immediately after spring and autumn burns at locations with different soil and vegetation types. The approach chosen was to burn different soil types in autumn and spring and to repeat the experiments in different years. Although runoff and sediment production were not always increased immediately after burning, significant increases could occur within a year. Significant seasonal and yearly differences could also occur irrespective of burning. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Emmerich, W E AU - Cox, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Tucson, Ariz. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 199 EP - 203 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13687002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Changes+in+surface+runoff+and+sediment+production+after+repeated+rangeland+burns&rft.au=Emmerich%2C+W+E%3BCox%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Emmerich&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interlaboratory comparison of iron oxide-impregnated paper to estimate bioavailable phosphorus AN - 13686641; 199403237 AB - The use of iron oxide impregnated strips to estimate the bioavailable phosphorus content (BAP) of agricultural runoff and sediment extracted at one location and measured at another was evaluated. Iron oxide strips were sent to Bologna and Rome, Italy, for phosphorus extraction of runoff samples and determination of BAP. These estimates were not significantly different to those determined using duplicate strips returned to the U.S.A. for BAP analysis. This indicated that the use of iron oxide impregnated strips could have highly reproducible results. Storage of the strips for up to 60 d had no effect on the amount of phosphorus released. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Indiati, R AU - Ciavatta, C AU - Rossi, N AU - Sequi, P AD - USDA-ARS, Durant, Okla., U.S.A. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 14 EP - 18 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Analysis KW - Bioavailable phosphorus KW - Interlaboratory KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13686641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Interlaboratory+comparison+of+iron+oxide-impregnated+paper+to+estimate+bioavailable+phosphorus&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BIndiati%2C+R%3BCiavatta%2C+C%3BRossi%2C+N%3BSequi%2C+P&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction and evaluation of an inexpensive weighing lysimeter for studying contaminant transport AN - 13682388; 199403772 AB - An above-ground weighing lysimeter was developed to reduce the edge flow of water and solutes between the soil monolith and the lysimeter wall. It was particularly suitable for controlling water flow and determining the fate and movement of organic and inorganic contaminants within the root zone. Its instruments equipped the lysimeter to determine water flow, drainage and evapotranspiration. Procedures for obtaining samples to determine the compositions of the soil solution and soil atmosphere were simple. The lysimeter design and instrumentation made it a useful tool for contaminant transport studies. The cost of each lysimeter was approximately 4000 U.S. dollars. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Corwin, D L AU - Lmeert, R D AD - USDA-ARS, Riverside, Calif. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 107 EP - 123 VL - 15 IS - 1/2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - Equipment KW - Inorganic -- (see also without this prefix) KW - Instrumentation KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13682388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Construction+and+evaluation+of+an+inexpensive+weighing+lysimeter+for+studying+contaminant+transport&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BLmeert%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of high temperature on infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water AN - 13679872; 199405260 AB - Time-temperature relationships for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water were investigated. Oocysts suspended in distilled water were pipetted into plastic vials which were exposed to elevated temperatures in the heated metal block of a thermal DNA cycle. Block temperatures were set at 5C incremental temperatures from 60 to 100C. Heated oocyst suspensions and unheated control suspensions were orally inoculated into mice to test for infectivity. Infectivity was lost when water containing C. parvum oocysts reached temperatures of 72.4C or higher within 1 minute or when the temperature was held at 64.2C or higher for 2 minutes of a 5-minute heating cycle. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fayer, R AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2732 EP - 2735 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - Suspended KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13679872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+high+temperature+on+infectivity+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum+oocysts+in+water&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2732&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mean areal precipitation for daily hydrologic modelling in mountainous regions AN - 13676584; 199405546 AB - Daily values of mean areal precipitation (MAP) for input to hydrological models were obtained by a procedure using de-trended kriging. The procedure, which overcame weaknesses in existing MAP methods, featured specific elevation-precipitation relationships for each time period, the estimation of precipitation for each grid cell in a catchment, the explicit modelling of the spatial correlation structure of precipitation, and the objective and optimal determination of station weights for precipitation estimates. Detailed cross-validation testing of the procedure was carried out for a research catchment. It was suitable for operational stream flow forecasting. The calculation procedure is summarized. There are 31 references. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Garen, D C AU - Johnson, G L AU - Hanson, CL AD - USDA Soil Conservation Service, Portland, Ore. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 481 EP - 491 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13676584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Mean+areal+precipitation+for+daily+hydrologic+modelling+in+mountainous+regions&rft.au=Garen%2C+D+C%3BJohnson%2C+G+L%3BHanson%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Garen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaching and water flow patterns in every-furrow and alternate-furrow irrigation AN - 13664781; 199500844 AB - Environmental problems involving deep water percolation and chemical leaching arising from furrow irrigation practices are considered. The possibility that alternate-furrow irrigation might increase efficiency of water use and decrease chemical leaching as compared with every-furrow irrigation was investigated using the SWMS-2D finite element model. Furrow-placed and ridge-placed fertilizer bands in a clay loam and a loamy sand were modelled in connection with the 2 irrigation methods. The soil water contents after infiltration and redistribution were more uniform with every-furrow than with alternate-furrow irrigation, though chemical movement was greater. Ridge placement would reduce fertilizer leaching. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Benjamin, J G AU - Havis, H R AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Alonso, C V AD - USDA-ARS Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colo. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1511 EP - 1517 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13664781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Leaching+and+water+flow+patterns+in+every-furrow+and+alternate-furrow+irrigation&rft.au=Benjamin%2C+J+G%3BHavis%2C+H+R%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BAlonso%2C+C+V&rft.aulast=Benjamin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simple, inexpensive rain and canopy throughfall collector AN - 13664129; 199500697 AB - A low-cost field collector for collecting rain and canopy throughfall samples for volume and ion analyses is described. The collector was made of wood and plastic and remained covered until the rain began, preventing the collection of dry deposition, dust and insects. The trigger consisted of a weighted, counter-balanced cover that was held in place by a piece of water-soluble paper. When the paper dissolved, the counter-weight pulled the cover away from the collector opening, allowing rain to be collected. The construction, installation, laboratory studies and field trials of the collector are described. Laboratory tests showed that the collector would trigger within the first 0.37 mm depth of rain (95 per cent probability). JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Glaubig, R AU - Gomez, A AD - USDA Forest Service, Riverside, Calif. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1103 EP - 1107 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Insect KW - Laboratory studies KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13664129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=A+simple%2C+inexpensive+rain+and+canopy+throughfall+collector&rft.au=Glaubig%2C+R%3BGomez%2C+A&rft.aulast=Glaubig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of spatially and temporally varying snowmelt on subsurface flow in a mountainous watershed: 1. Snowmelt simulation AN - 13661680; 199500542 AB - Spatially-varying snowmelt and groundwater response in a small mountainous catchment was simulated. Snowmelt recharge through shallow groundwater systems was the principal source of streamflow in many catchments of this type. The SHAW (Simultaneous Heat and Water) model, a detailed process model describing the interrelated heat, water and solute movement through vegetative cover, snow, residue and soil, was used to simulate snowmelt. The model was validated by applying it to 2 years of data at sites with conditions ranging from shallow transient snow cover on a west-facing slope to a deep snow drift on a north-facing slope. Energy balances were simulated for several melt periods. (see also following abstract). JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal AU - Flerchinger, G N AU - Cooley, K R AU - Deng, Y AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Boise, Idaho Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 507 EP - 520 VL - 39 IS - 5 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13661680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+spatially+and+temporally+varying+snowmelt+on+subsurface+flow+in+a+mountainous+watershed%3A+1.+Snowmelt+simulation&rft.au=Flerchinger%2C+G+N%3BCooley%2C+K+R%3BDeng%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Flerchinger&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Sciences+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioremediation of phenolic compounds from water with plant root surface peroxidases AN - 13659270; 199500668 AB - The potential role of root surface proteins in the bioremediation of organic pollutants from the environment was studied. Plant peroxidases have been shown to polymerize phenolic compounds, removing them from solution by precipitation. Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were tested for in-vitro and in-vivo root surface peroxidase activity. The peroxidase extracted from tomato and waterhyacinth plants polymerized guaiacol at the rate of 181 and 78 nmol tetraguaiacol formed per minute.g root fresh weight, respectively. Peroxidase was distributed evenly on tomato root surfaces and patchily on waterhyacinth root surfaces. In-vitro studies showed that the efficiency of peroxidase to polymerize phenols varied with phenolic compound. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Adler, PR AU - Arora, R AU - el Ghaouth, A AU - Glenn, D M AU - Solar, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, W. Va. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1113 EP - 1117 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13659270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Bioremediation+of+phenolic+compounds+from+water+with+plant+root+surface+peroxidases&rft.au=Adler%2C+PR%3BArora%2C+R%3Bel+Ghaouth%2C+A%3BGlenn%2C+D+M%3BSolar%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term changes in low-flow channel widths within the south Umpqua watershed, Oregon AN - 13653860; 199502560 AB - Data from a 1989-1993 survey from 31 segments of 21 streams in an Oregon catchment were compared with data similarly obtained in 1937. Significant differences were ascertained by use of a t-test. Present low flow wetted stream widths of 22 segments had changed, 19 being wider and 3 narrower. Tributaries with headwaters located in a designated wilderness area had barely changed. Those designated for timber production were significantly wider, the observed change in stream widths being linearly related to the timber harvest, road density and the amount of large organic debris remaining in the stream channel. Channel changes, which resulting from timber production and road construction, were probably factors in the decline of 3 of the 4 populations of anadromous salmonids. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Dose, J J AU - Roper, B B AD - USDA Forest Service, Roseburg, Ore. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 993 EP - 1000 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Wildland KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13653860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Long-term+changes+in+low-flow+channel+widths+within+the+south+Umpqua+watershed%2C+Oregon&rft.au=Dose%2C+J+J%3BRoper%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Dose&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Artifacts caused by dehydration and epoxy embedding in transmission electron microscopy. AN - 76208920; 8305727 AB - Epoxy resins are the principal embedding media for the preservation of tissues to be sectioned and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Their primary advantages are good ultrastructural preservation, little or no shrinkage, ease of sectioning, and reasonable stability in the electron beam. However, epoxy resins also have disadvantages; namely, some are toxic, they may mask antigenic sites to a greater extent than do some other embedding resins, and they do not penetrate tissues as well as less viscous embedding formulations. Some unusual characteristics may also be revealed, for example, as shrinkage of organelles, as problems in poststaining sections, and as movement of tissue elements within the block and section. Some of the properties of epoxy resins are discussed in this report. JF - Microscopy research and technique AU - Mollenhauer, H H AD - Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845-9594. Y1 - 1993/12/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 15 SP - 496 EP - 512 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 1059-910X, 1059-910X KW - Epoxy Resins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Epoxy Resins -- toxicity KW - Microscopy, Electron -- methods KW - Tissue Embedding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76208920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microscopy+research+and+technique&rft.atitle=Artifacts+caused+by+dehydration+and+epoxy+embedding+in+transmission+electron+microscopy.&rft.au=Mollenhauer%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Mollenhauer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-12-15&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microscopy+research+and+technique&rft.issn=1059910X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food shortages and an epidemic of optic and peripheral neuropathy in Cuba. AN - 76224371; 8108040 AB - From late 1991 to mid-1993, cases of optic neuropathy of unknown etiology, which first appeared in unusual numbers in a western province of Cuba, spread and multiplied throughout the island. The dominant symptoms changed, becoming increasingly those of peripheral neuropathy. Incidence rates peaked in April 1993. An estimated 50,000 cases were reported. The majority were adult men and women (aged about 25-65), with comparatively few children or elderly people being affected. The cause has yet to be delineated. However, food shortages and radical changes in diet resulting from the longstanding US trade embargo and the recent loss of Eastern Europe as Cuba's trading partner have compromised nutritional status, especially B-vitamin sufficiency, and appear to be related to the neuropathic illnesses. In April 1993, the Cuban government began distributing vitamin supplements to every citizen. Causal hypotheses include tobacco-alcohol or "nutritional" amblyopia; cyanide toxicity from cassava; toxic legumes introduced as supplements to scarce flour; other toxins, for example pesticides, or a "blue mold" on tobacco; enterovirus; and a hereditary enzyme deficiency in affected persons. None of these factors appears to be present in all cases, but it is generally believed that an interaction of some toxin or toxins, in combination with nutritional deficiency, is likely to be the major cause. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Tucker, K AU - Hedges, T R AD - School of Nutrition and a Research Scientist, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 349 EP - 357 VL - 51 IS - 12 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cuba KW - Avitaminosis -- complications KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Female KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Nutritional Status KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- etiology KW - Optic Nerve Diseases -- etiology KW - Optic Nerve Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food Supply UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76224371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Food+shortages+and+an+epidemic+of+optic+and+peripheral+neuropathy+in+Cuba.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+K%3BHedges%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutritional practices of elite athletes. Practical recommendations. AN - 76214911; 8303140 AB - The nutritional intake of elite athletes is a critical determinant of their athletic performance and ability to compete both physically and mentally. However, their demanding training and travel schedules in addition to a possible lack of nutritional knowledge may prohibit them from maintaining an optimal dietary intake. Sound scientific data about the nutritional habits of elite athletes are limited and, therefore, it is not clear as to whether elite athletes are following nutritional recommendations and maintaining nutritionally sound diets. This review takes a comprehensive look at 22 recent dietary intake studies, including 50 groups of elite athletes. The time period for food record collection ranged from 3 to 7 days except for 2 studies which collected records for 21 and 22 days. Energy intakes of > 50 kcal/kg/day for male athletes who train for > 90 min/day and 45 to 50 kcal/kg/day for female athletes training for > 90 min/day are recommended. Bodyweight should be monitored frequently as a check on calorie intake. With a sufficient calorie intake (1.2 to 2.0 kg/kg/day) protein supplementation is not necessary. Ingested carbohydrate stored as glycogen serves as the primary fuel for muscle performance. Athletes in training should consume 70% of total calories as carbohydrate. Athletes on low energy diets (< 2200 kcal/day) should have a diet of < 25% fat, and athletes with large energy needs should consume 30% fat in their diet. In general, fat intakes should be reduced and carbohydrate intakes increased. Athletes should also restrict alcohol intake during training and competition periods. Athletes with low calorie intakes should consume foods with high contents of iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and vitamin B12. Athletes with high calorie intakes should consume foods that are naturally high in or fortified with B-group vitamins. Fluid, electrolyte and energy supplementation is desirable to support circulatory, metabolic and thermoregulatory functions. There is no special food that will help elite athletes perform better; the most important aspect of the diet of elite athletes is that it follows the basic guidelines for healthy eating. JF - Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) AU - Economos, C D AU - Bortz, S S AU - Nelson, M E AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 381 EP - 399 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0112-1642, 0112-1642 KW - Dietary Carbohydrates KW - 0 KW - Dietary Fats KW - Dietary Proteins KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Index Medicus KW - Drinking KW - Feeding and Eating Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Dietary Carbohydrates -- administration & dosage KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Dietary Fats -- administration & dosage KW - Energy Intake KW - Body Composition KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Dietary Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Adult KW - Caffeine -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sports Medicine KW - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76214911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+monoclonal+antibody+to+pink+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechiidae%29+egg+antigen%3A+A+tool+for+predator+gut+analysis&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R%3BNaranjo%2C+SE%3BBradley-Dunlop%2C+D%3BEnriquez%2C+F+J%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and Mutagenesis of a Cytochrome P-450 Locus from Bradyrhizobium japonicum That Is Expressed Anaerobically and Symbiotically. AN - 733448565; 16349113 AB - Cytochromes P-450, which in many organisms participate in the metabolism of a variety of endobiotic and xenobiotic substances, are synthesized by symbiotic bacteroids of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against two cytochromes P-450 (CYP112 and CYP114) purified from bacteroids. A lambda gt11 expression clone of B. japonicum USDA 110 DNA that reacted with the anti-CYP112 antibody was obtained and was used to screen a library of USDA 110 genomic DNA in pLAFR1 for a clone of the P-450 locus. Forced expression of subclones of the P-450 locus in Escherichia coli produced polypeptides that reacted with either the anti-CYP112 antibody or the anti-CYP114 antibody; no cross-reactivity was evident. A Western blot (immunoblot) analysis showed that neither protein was present in free-living aerobically grown B. japonicum cells, but that both proteins were present in cells grown anaerobically, as well as in bacteroids. A mutant strain disrupted in the CYP112 locus produced neither CYP112 nor CYP114, indicating that the mutation was polar for CYP114. The mutant produced effective nodules on soybeans, even though the bacteroids contained no detectable P-450. This suggests that the cytochromes P-450 which we examined are not involved in an essential symbiotic function. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Tully, R E AU - Keister, D L AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Building 011, HH-19, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 4136 EP - 4142 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733448565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+Mutagenesis+of+a+Cytochrome+P-450+Locus+from+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum+That+Is+Expressed+Anaerobically+and+Symbiotically.&rft.au=Tully%2C+R+E%3BKeister%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Tully&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date created - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Gen Microbiol. 1975 Dec;91(2):345-54 [1239489] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976 Mar 22;69(2):437-45 [1267795] J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 5;266(16):10019-22 [2037557] J Biol Chem. 1986 Jan 25;261(3):1158-63 [3003058] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1972 Sep 20;275(3):347-54 [4341774] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Jan 14;172(1):71-87 [4974059] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967 Oct 23;147(2):399-402 [6073054] Gene. 1982 Jun;18(3):289-96 [6290332] J Bacteriol. 1984 May;158(2):580-9 [6327612] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Sep;56(9):2736-41 [16348282] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Jun 17;387(3):461-74 [1169973] J Bacteriol. 1991 Dec;173(24):7887-95 [1660457] J Bacteriol. 1989 May;171(5):2506-12 [2708311] J Biol Chem. 1974 Jul 10;249(13):4057-66 [4859329] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Gene. 1983 Dec;26(1):101-6 [6323249] DNA Cell Biol. 1993 Jan-Feb;12(1):1-51 [7678494] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Dec;56(12):3835-41 [16348383] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Facility for hydraulic tests of a frozen soil AN - 52829363; 1996-055335 JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Van Klaveren, Richard W AU - McCool, Donald K Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1721 EP - 1725 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, [St. Joseph, MI] VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - soil mechanics KW - shear strength KW - experimental studies KW - erosion KW - rills KW - water erosion KW - thawing KW - physical properties KW - frost action KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - slope stability KW - frozen ground KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52829363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Facility+for+hydraulic+tests+of+a+frozen+soil&rft.au=Van+Klaveren%2C+Richard+W%3BMcCool%2C+Donald+K&rft.aulast=Van+Klaveren&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - MI] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erodibility; erosion; experimental studies; frost action; frozen ground; hydrology; physical properties; rills; shear strength; slope stability; soil erosion; soil mechanics; soils; thawing; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation and evaluation of alternative nutrient management practices on a demonstration watershed AN - 52817403; 1996-055131 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Stone, K C AU - Hunt, P G AU - Coffey, S W Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 13 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1993 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - GLEAMS KW - watersheds KW - mathematical models KW - nonpoint sources KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - Duplin County North Carolina KW - aquifers KW - nutrients KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - North Carolina KW - shallow aquifers KW - soil management KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52817403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Simulation+and+evaluation+of+alternative+nutrient+management+practices+on+a+demonstration+watershed&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BCoffey%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=1993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1993 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 8 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 93-2572 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; aquifers; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Duplin County North Carolina; GLEAMS; ground water; hydrology; mathematical models; nonpoint sources; North Carolina; nutrients; shallow aquifers; simulation; soil management; soils; transport; United States; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical transport under three management systems at the Ohio MSEA AN - 52814969; 1996-055132 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Workman, S R AU - Ward, A D AU - Fausey, N R Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 14 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1993 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - degradation KW - irrigation KW - triazines KW - transport KW - Pike County Ohio KW - agrochemicals KW - alachlor KW - Ohio KW - soils KW - Ohio Management Systems Evaluation Area KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - herbicides KW - agriculture KW - optimization KW - preventive measures KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - land use KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52814969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Chemical+transport+under+three+management+systems+at+the+Ohio+MSEA&rft.au=Workman%2C+S+R%3BWard%2C+A+D%3BFausey%2C+N+R&rft.aulast=Workman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=1993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1993 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 93-2589 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; alachlor; atrazine; concentration; degradation; experimental studies; herbicides; irrigation; land use; leaching; models; Ohio; Ohio Management Systems Evaluation Area; optimization; organic compounds; pesticides; Pike County Ohio; preventive measures; soil management; soils; transport; triazines; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting areal distributions of salt-loading to the groundwater AN - 50333299; 1996-055128 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Corwin, D L AU - Vaughn, P J AU - Wang, H AU - Rhoades, J D AU - Cone, D G Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 10 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1993 KW - solute transport KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - salinity KW - nonpoint sources KW - ground water KW - models KW - computer programs KW - spatial distribution KW - interactive techniques KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - information systems KW - chemical composition KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50333299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Predicting+areal+distributions+of+salt-loading+to+the+groundwater&rft.au=Corwin%2C+D+L%3BVaughn%2C+P+J%3BWang%2C+H%3BRhoades%2C+J+D%3BCone%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Corwin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=1993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1993 international winter meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 93-2566 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ArcGIS; ArcInfo; chemical composition; computer programs; data processing; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; interactive techniques; models; monitoring; nonpoint sources; pollutants; pollution; salinity; solute transport; spatial distribution; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced soils information systems from advances in computer technology AN - 50274411; 1994-017392 AB - Information is being requested with increasing frequency for location, quality, and quantity of soil properties, processes and interactions with various natural resources. Advancements in computer technology such as increased storage capabilities, faster processing speeds, improved database management systems, geographic information systems, and telecommunications have made it possible to provide more information in a more timely manner, and in formats better suited to user needs. These advancements also make it possible for the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) program to continue evolving in the scientific pursuit of understanding and communicating soil-landscape relationships and their interpretations. In an effort to take advantage of the advances in technologies, and to better respond to increased user needs, the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is developing a new National Soil Information System (NASIS). NASIS is intended to provide a number of new capabilities for the users of the system. Among these capabilities are the maintenance of individual observation data within the system and the capability to relate these individual observations and spatial variability of soil properties to individual delineated areas on soil maps. NASIS will also provide for the interpretation of individual components of map units as well as what were formerly included soils within the map units. With increases in capabilities coupled with increases in user needs for soil information, the NCSS has the opportunity as well as the responsibility to continually review practices, procedures and concepts in light of new technologies to assure that they are not based on prior constraints that these new technologies may have erased. JF - Geoderma AU - Ernstrom, Daniel J AU - Lytle, Dennis A2 - Wagenet, R. J. A2 - Bouma, J. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 327 EP - 341 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 60 IS - 1-4 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - soils KW - processes KW - technology KW - geographic information systems KW - natural resources KW - data processing KW - data bases KW - mapping KW - information systems KW - management KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50274411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Enhanced+soils+information+systems+from+advances+in+computer+technology&rft.au=Ernstrom%2C+Daniel+J%3BLytle%2C+Dennis&rft.aulast=Ernstrom&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1992 conference of Working Group M/V of the International Society of Soil Science N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; data processing; geographic information systems; information systems; management; mapping; natural resources; processes; soils; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers AN - 50187908; 1995-009473 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Burkart, Michael R AU - Kolpin, Dana W Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 646 EP - 656 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - soils KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - agrochemicals KW - shallow aquifers KW - seasonal variations KW - pesticides KW - nitrate ion KW - chemical composition KW - land use KW - Midwest KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50187908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+and+land-use+factors+associated+with+herbicides+and+nitrate+in+near-surface+aquifers&rft.au=Burkart%2C+Michael+R%3BKolpin%2C+Dana+W&rft.aulast=Burkart&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; aquifers; atrazine; chemical composition; concentration; ground water; herbicides; land use; Midwest; migration of elements; monitoring; nitrate ion; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; seasonal variations; shallow aquifers; soils; triazines; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reliability of isokinetic muscle strength testing in 45- to 78-year-old men and women. AN - 85225522; pmid-8239959 AB - The test-retest reliability of isokinetic muscle strength testing was determined in 45- to 78-year-old men (N = 71; mean age = 60.2 years) and women (N = 107; mean age = 60.0 years). The dynamic muscle strength of the knee and elbow extensor (KE, EE) and flexor (KF, EF) muscle groups was measured at slow (60 degrees/sec) and fast (K = 240 degrees/sec; E = 180 degrees/sec) angular velocities using a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer on two occasions seven to ten days apart. The mean peak torque in the second test was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in all muscle groups and both angular velocities tested in both sexes. The angle at which peak torque occurred did not change from the first to the second test except in the KF of females tested at 60 degrees/sec. Pearson's correlation coefficients (CCs; p < 0.01) in males ranged from .68 to .77 in the knee and from .71 to .84 in the elbow. In females, the CCs (p < 0.01) ranged from .58 to .74 in the knee and from .67 to .78 in the elbow. Thus in a large number of older men and women at least two tests may be necessary to determine isokinetic peak torque. JF - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation AU - Frontera, W R AU - Hughes, V A AU - Dallal, G E AU - Evans, W J AD - Human Physiology Laboratory, USDA--Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston. PY - 1993 SP - 1181 EP - 1185 VL - 74 IS - 11 SN - 0003-9993, 0003-9993 KW - Age Factors KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Human KW - Muscles KW - Aged KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Knee KW - Kinetics KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Male KW - Female UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85225522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+and+Rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Reliability+of+isokinetic+muscle+strength+testing+in+45-+to+78-year-old+men+and+women.&rft.au=Frontera%2C+W+R%3BHughes%2C+V+A%3BDallal%2C+G+E%3BEvans%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Frontera&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+and+Rehabilitation&rft.issn=00039993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Laboratory-acquired human infection with SP H 114202 virus (Arenavirus: Arenaviridae family): clinical and laboratory aspects]. TT - Infecção humana adquirida em laboratório causada pelo virus SP H 114202 (Arenavirus: família Arenaviridae): aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais. AN - 76307874; 7997756 AB - Here in is described the clinical and laboratorial findings of a laboratory-acquired infection caused by the virus SP H 114202 (Arenavirus, family Arenaviridae) a recently discovered agent responsible for a viral hemorrhagic fever. The patient was sick for 13 days. The disease had an abrupt onset characterized by high fever (39 degree C.), headache, chills and myalgias for 8 days. In addition, on the 3rd day, the patient developed nausea and vomiting, and in the 10th, epigastralgia, diarrhea and gengivorrhagia. Leucopenia was seen within the 1st week of onset, with counts as low as 2,500 white cells per mm3. Counts performed after the 23rd day of the onset were within normal limits. With the exception of moderate lymphocytosis, no changes were observed in differential counts. An increase in the titer of antibodies by complement fixation, neutralization and ELISA (IgM) was detected. Suckling mice and baby hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally with 0.02 ml of blood samples collected in the 2nd and 7th days of disease. Attempts to isolate the virus were also made in Vero cells. No virus was isolated. This virus was isolated before in a single occasion in São Paulo State, in 1990, from the blood of a patient with hemorrhagic fever with a fatal outcome. The manipulation of the virus under study, must be done carefully, since the transmission can occur through aerosols. JF - Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo AU - Vasconcelos, P F AU - Travassos da Rosa, A P AU - Rodrigues, S G AU - Tesh, R AU - Travassos da Rosa, J F AU - Travassos da Rosa, E S AD - Serviço de Arbovirus, Instituto Evandro Chagas, FNS/MS, Belém, Pará, Brasil. PY - 1993 SP - 521 EP - 525 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0036-4665, 0036-4665 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Arenaviridae Infections -- virology KW - Arenaviridae -- isolation & purification KW - Laboratory Infection -- virology KW - Laboratory Infection -- diagnosis KW - Arenaviridae Infections -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76307874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.atitle=%5BLaboratory-acquired+human+infection+with+SP+H+114202+virus+%28Arenavirus%3A+Arenaviridae+family%29%3A+clinical+and+laboratory+aspects%5D.&rft.au=Vasconcelos%2C+P+F%3BTravassos+da+Rosa%2C+A+P%3BRodrigues%2C+S+G%3BTesh%2C+R%3BTravassos+da+Rosa%2C+J+F%3BTravassos+da+Rosa%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Vasconcelos&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.issn=00364665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Portuguese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of molybdenum supplementation on N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis and molybdenum excretion in rats. AN - 76229409; 7509181 AB - Molybdenum (Mo) supplementation reduces the incidence of nitrosamine-induced tumors in the esophagus and forestomach of laboratory animals, and the incidence of mammary cancer in female rats induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of graded amounts of Mo on NMU-induced mammary carcinogenesis, and on the excretion of Mo and copper (Cu). Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 5 wk were given ad libitum a low-Mo (0.026 mg/kg) diet and deionized water. After 15 d, a single SC injection of 50 mg NMU/kg body wt was administered to each of 30 rats in groups 2-5. Eight rats in group 1 served as untreated control. One week after the carcinogen treatment, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg Mo from sodium molybdate were added to each liter of drinking water for groups 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Groups 1 and 2 did not receive any Mo supplementation. After the rats had been Mo-supplemented for 38, 67, and 85 d, 48-h urine and fecal samples were collected from the same 48 rats, and Mo and Cu were determined. Molybdenum seemed to have little effect on Cu excretion. At each time interval, animals fed 0 or 0.1 mg Mo/L excreted more Mo in feces than in urine, whereas rats fed 1 and 10 mg Mo/L water excreted more Mo in urine than in feces, which indicates that Mo absorption was not easily saturated as the amount of Mo increased. However, the liver became saturated with Mo when 0.1-1 mg Mo/L was fed. The total number of palpable tumors per group 101 d after NMU administration was 109, 115, 101, and 81, and the total carcinomas per group were 92, 96, 86, and 65 for the animals in groups 2-5, respectively. The results indicate that supplemental Mo in the amount of 10 mg/L of drinking water inhibited mammary carcinogenesis. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Seaborn, C D AU - Yang, S P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-7166. PY - 1993 SP - 245 EP - 256 VL - 39 IS - 2-3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Molybdenum KW - 81AH48963U KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Copper -- urine KW - Random Allocation KW - Copper -- metabolism KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Molybdenum -- administration & dosage KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Molybdenum -- pharmacology KW - Molybdenum -- metabolism KW - Methylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76229409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+molybdenum+supplementation+on+N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced+mammary+carcinogenesis+and+molybdenum+excretion+in+rats.&rft.au=Seaborn%2C+C+D%3BYang%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Seaborn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-31 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and characterization of a cDNA from Aspergillus parasiticus encoding an O-methyltransferase involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. AN - 76166498; 8285664 AB - Aflatoxins are polyketide-derived secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Among the catalytic steps in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, the conversion of sterigmatocystin to O-methylsterigmatocystin and the conversion of dihydrosterigmatocystin to dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin are catalyzed by an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent O-methyltransferase. A cDNA library was constructed by using RNA isolated from a 24-h-old culture of wild-type A. parasiticus SRRC 143 and was screened by using polyclonal antiserum raised against a purified 40-kDa O-methyltransferase protein. A clone that harbored a full-length cDNA insert (1,460 bp) containing the 1,254-bp coding region of the gene omt-1 was identified by the antiserum and isolated. The complete cDNA sequence was determined, and the corresponding 418-amino-acid sequence of the native enzyme with a molecular weight of 46,000 was deduced. This 46-kDa native enzyme has a leader sequence of 41 amino acids, and the mature form of the enzyme apparently consists of 377 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 42,000. Direct sequencing of the purified mature enzyme from A. parasiticus SRRC 163 showed that 19 of 22 amino acid residues were identical to the amino acid residues in an internal region of the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein. The 1,460-bp omt-1 cDNA was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system; a Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of crude extracts from this expression system revealed a 51-kDa fusion protein (fused with a 5-kDa beta-galactosidase N-terminal fragment).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Yu, J AU - Cary, J W AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AU - Keller, N P AU - Chu, F S AD - Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 3564 EP - 3571 VL - 59 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - omt-1 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - DNA, Fungal KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - Methyltransferases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Binding Sites -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Methyltransferases -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76166498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+a+cDNA+from+Aspergillus+parasiticus+encoding+an+O-methyltransferase+involved+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BCary%2C+J+W%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E%3BKeller%2C+N+P%3BChu%2C+F+S&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - omt-1 N1 - Genetic sequence - X62988; GENBANK; X62979; X62987; S55473; X62989; X62986; L22091; X62990; X62981; X62980 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Curr Genet. 1992 Mar;21(3):231-3 [1563048] Prep Biochem. 1991;21(2-3):125-40 [1798691] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Feb;59(2):479-84 [8434913] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):156-62 [8439147] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 May;59(5):1642-6 [8517755] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3273-9 [8250554] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1980 Jan;63(1):110-4 [7380781] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1711-3 [3116930] Can J Microbiol. 1987 Dec;33(12):1108-12 [3128394] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):274-95 [3137428] Prep Biochem. 1988;18(3):321-49 [3237648] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1989 Mar-Apr;72(2):223-30 [2651391] J Mol Biol. 1989 Mar 20;206(2):313-21 [2541254] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2172-7 [2802602] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Can J Microbiol. 1990 Jan;36(1):1-5 [2334871] Mutat Res. 1991 Mar-Apr;259(3-4):291-306 [2017214] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4343-50 [1902378] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Nov;230(1-2):120-8 [1840640] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Feb 14;293(1):67-70 [1731640] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Oct;137(10):2469-75 [1770361] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3527-37 [1339261] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why data reliability and risk assessment in soil interpretations? AN - 52826998; 1996-047597 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Mays, M D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 301 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - methods KW - risk assessment KW - interpretation KW - accuracy KW - land use KW - measurement KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52826998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Why+data+reliability+and+risk+assessment+in+soil+interpretations%3F&rft.au=Mays%2C+M+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Mays&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; interpretation; land use; measurement; methods; risk assessment; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field studies of hydric soils; system design and considerations AN - 52826027; 1996-047900 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Hudnall, W H AU - Tiarks, A E AU - Patterson, W B AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 350 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - pressure KW - rainfall KW - temperature KW - wetlands KW - classification KW - hydric soils KW - accuracy KW - Eh KW - design KW - field studies KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52826027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Field+studies+of+hydric+soils%3B+system+design+and+considerations&rft.au=Hudnall%2C+W+H%3BTiarks%2C+A+E%3BPatterson%2C+W+B%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hudnall&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; classification; design; Eh; field studies; hydric soils; hydrology; pressure; rainfall; soils; temperature; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of methods for determining risk in soil science investigations AN - 52825074; 1996-047646 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Yates, S R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 308 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - soils KW - methods KW - planning KW - pollution KW - risk assessment KW - accuracy KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52825074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+methods+for+determining+risk+in+soil+science+investigations&rft.au=Yates%2C+S+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; land use; methods; planning; pollution; risk assessment; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of soil solution sampled by suction lysimeters using the SWMS 2D model AN - 52823874; 1996-047779 JF - Agronomy Abstracts AU - Wu, L AU - Baker, J M AU - Allmaras, R R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 219 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 85 SN - 0375-5495, 0375-5495 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - sand KW - experimental studies KW - pressure KW - clastic sediments KW - rainfall KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - halogens KW - bromide ion KW - bromine KW - simulation KW - two-dimensional models KW - measurement KW - finite element analysis KW - sediments KW - suction KW - lysimeters KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52823874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+soil+solution+sampled+by+suction+lysimeters+using+the+SWMS+2D+model&rft.au=Wu%2C+L%3BBaker%2C+J+M%3BAllmaras%2C+R+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Abstracts&rft.issn=03755495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America; 1993 annual meetings N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGABBE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bromide ion; bromine; clastic sediments; experimental studies; finite element analysis; halogens; lysimeters; measurement; pollutants; pressure; rainfall; sand; sediments; simulation; soils; solute transport; statistical analysis; suction; two-dimensional models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on boron adsorption by reference minerals and soils AN - 50248693; 1994-033635 JF - Soil Science AU - Goldberg, Sabine AU - Forster, H S AU - Heick, E L Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 316 EP - 321 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 156 IS - 5 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - soils KW - silicates KW - iron oxides KW - oxides KW - sheet silicates KW - effects KW - boron KW - adsorption KW - geochemistry KW - temperature KW - clay minerals KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50248693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+boron+adsorption+by+reference+minerals+and+soils&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Sabine%3BForster%2C+H+S%3BHeick%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; boron; clay minerals; effects; geochemistry; iron oxides; oxides; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implication of C-5, C-6 unsaturation as a key structural factor in steroidal alkaloid-induced mammalian teratogenesis. AN - 76050759; 8224110 JF - Experientia AU - Gaffield, W AU - Keeler, R F AD - Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, California 94710. Y1 - 1993/10/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Oct 15 SP - 922 EP - 924 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 0014-4754, 0014-4754 KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Veratrum Alkaloids KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Facial Bones -- abnormalities KW - Skull -- abnormalities KW - Mesocricetus KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Cricetinae KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Veratrum Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Veratrum Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76050759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experientia&rft.atitle=Implication+of+C-5%2C+C-6+unsaturation+as+a+key+structural+factor+in+steroidal+alkaloid-induced+mammalian+teratogenesis.&rft.au=Gaffield%2C+W%3BKeeler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gaffield&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-10-15&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experientia&rft.issn=00144754&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Covalent modification of a highly reactive and essential lysine residue of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase. AN - 76298574; 8029335 AB - Chemical modification of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase with water-soluble N-hydroxysuccinimide esters was used to identify a reactive lysyl residue that is essential for activity. Incubation of Rubisco activase with sulfosuccinimidyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate (AMCA-sulfo-NHS) or sulfosuccinimidyl-acetate (sulfo-NHS-acetate) caused progressive inactivation of ATPase activity and concomitant loss of the ability to activate Rubisco. AMCA-sulfo-NHS was the more potent inactivator of Rubisco activase, exhibiting a second-order rate constant for inactivation of 239 M-1 s-1 compared to 21 M-1 s-1 for sulfo-NHS-acetate. Inactivation of enzyme activity by AMCA-sulfo-NHS correlated with the incorporation of 1.9 mol of AMCA per mol of 42-kD Rubisco activase monomer. ADP, a competitive inhibitor of Rubisco activase, afforded considerable protection against inactivation of Rubisco activase and decreased the amount of AMCA incorporated into the Rubisco activase monomer. Sequence analysis of the major labeled peptide from AMCA-sulfo-NHS-modified enzyme showed that the primary site of modification was lysine-247 (K247) in the tetrapeptide methionine-glutamic acid-lysine-phenylalanine. Upon complete inactivation of ATPase activity, modification of K247 accounted for 1 mol of AMCA incorporated per mol of Rubisco activase monomer. Photoaffinity labeling of AMCA-sulfo-NHS- and sulfo-NHS-acetate-modified Rubisco activase with ATP analogs derivatized on either the adenine base or on the gamma-phosphate showed that K247 is not essential for the binding of adenine nucleotides per se. Instead, the data indicated that the essentiality of K247 is probably due to an involvement of this highly reactive, species-invariant residue in an obligatory interaction that occurs between the protein and the nucleotide phosphate during catalysis. JF - Plant physiology AU - Salvucci, M E AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0076, USA. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 501 EP - 508 VL - 103 IS - 2 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Affinity Labels KW - Coumarins KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Plant Proteins KW - Succinimides KW - rca protein, plant KW - sulfosuccinimidyl 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate KW - 152305-86-7 KW - sulfosuccinimidyl acetate KW - 152305-87-8 KW - Trypsin KW - EC 3.4.21.4 KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.39 KW - Lysine KW - K3Z4F929H6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - Kinetics KW - Peptide Fragments -- isolation & purification KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Succinimides -- pharmacology KW - Affinity Labels -- pharmacology KW - Coumarins -- pharmacology KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase -- isolation & purification KW - Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase -- metabolism KW - Acetates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76298574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Covalent+modification+of+a+highly+reactive+and+essential+lysine+residue+of+ribulose-1%2C5-bisphosphate+carboxylase%2Foxygenase+activase.&rft.au=Salvucci%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Salvucci&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Biochem Biophys. 1989 Jan;268(1):93-9 [2912385] EMBO J. 1990 Aug;9(8):2351-9 [2196171] Trends Biochem Sci. 1990 Nov;15(11):430-4 [2126155] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4132-6 [2021604] J Biol Chem. 1991 May 15;266(14):8963-8 [1827441] Biochemistry. 1992 May 12;31(18):4479-87 [1581304] Methods Enzymol. 1983;91:613-33 [6304454] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 5;268(19):14239-44 [8314787] Bioconjug Chem. 1993 Jul-Aug;4(4):268-74 [8218483] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1966 Jul 6;122(1):147-50 [5968169] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Biochemistry. 1980 Nov 11;19(23):5321-8 [6778504] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Nov 1;298(2):688-96 [1416997] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity and erythrocytic abnormalities induced in broiler chicks by fumonisins B1 and B2 and moniliformin from Fusarium proliferatum. AN - 76271197; 8159217 AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from broiler chicks that had ingested feed amended with autoclaved Fusarium proliferatum culture material containing fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2) and moniliformin. Lymphocyte viability was determined for birds that were placed on amended rations at day 1 or day 7 of age at three different levels of mycotoxins, ranging from 61-546 ppm FB1, 14-94 ppm FB2 and 66-367 ppm moniliformin. Reduction of the tetrazolium salt, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], to yield MTT formazan, based on mitochondrial metabolic activity, was used to assess cell viability. Lymphocyte cytotoxic effects were observed in all treatment groups on day 21; chicks that started on amended feed at day 1 of age were affected more than those that started at day 7. Abnormal erythrocytes resembling early stages of erythroblasts were observed in peripheral blood from test chicks. Abnormally shaped red cells (poikilocytes) having a spindle-shape with one or both ends pointed were present. Some red cells appeared to be undergoing mitosis. Both reduced lymphocyte viability and abnormal erythrogenesis occurred in chicks given feed amended with F. proliferatum culture material containing FB1, FB2 and moniliformin. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, M A AU - Javed, T AU - Bennett, G A AU - Richard, J L AU - Cote, L M AU - Buck, W B AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Peoria, IL. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 47 EP - 54 VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Cyclobutanes KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Cell Survival KW - Chickens KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Erythrocytes -- cytology KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76271197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+cytotoxicity+and+erythrocytic+abnormalities+induced+in+broiler+chicks+by+fumonisins+B1+and+B2+and+moniliformin+from+Fusarium+proliferatum.&rft.au=Dombrink-Kurtzman%2C+M+A%3BJaved%2C+T%3BBennett%2C+G+A%3BRichard%2C+J+L%3BCote%2C+L+M%3BBuck%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Dombrink-Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teratogenic effects of selenium in natural populations of freshwater fish. AN - 76109543; 7504614 AB - The prevalence of abnormalities and associated tissue selenium residues were assessed for the fish population of Belews Lake, North Carolina, and two reference lakes in 1975, 1978, 1982, and 1992. Teratogenic defects identified included lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, and head, mouth, and fin deformities. Many fish exhibited multiple malformations and some were grossly deformed and distorted in appearance. Other abnormalities observed were edema, exophthalmus, and cataracts. Whole-body tissue residues of selenium in the fishes of Belews Lake were up to 130 times those in the reference lakes and the incidence of abnormalities was some 7 to 70 times greater. Teratogenic defects increased as selenium levels rose between 1975 and 1982 and fell with declining selenium levels between 1982 and 1992 as selenium inputs into Belews Lake were curtailed. The relationship between selenium residues and prevalence of malformations approximated an exponential function (R2 = 0.881, P < 0.01; cubic model) for centrarchids over the range of 1-80 micrograms/g dry wt selenium and 0-70% deformities. This relationship could be useful in evaluating the role of teratogenic effects in warm-water fish populations suspected of having selenium-related reproductive failure. Unique conditions may have existed in Belews Lake which led to the high frequency and persistence of deformities in juvenile and adult fish. In other, less-contaminated locations competition and predation may eliminate malformed individuals in all but the larval life stage. Teratogenesis could be an important, but easily overlooked phenomenon contributing to fishery reproductive failure in selenium-contaminated aquatic habitats. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lemly, A D AD - United States Forest Service, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061-0321. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 181 EP - 204 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Animals KW - Fresh Water KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Fishes -- physiology KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76109543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Teratogenic+effects+of+selenium+in+natural+populations+of+freshwater+fish.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral toxicity and repellency of borates to German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). AN - 76107320; 8254135 AB - The oral toxicities of boric acid and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DSOBTH) in dry-mixed, wet-mixed, and water-based solution baits were determined for German cockroaches, Blattella germanica L., in choice and nonchoice experiments. In dry-mixed, nonchoice bait tests, all cockroaches died within 1 wk. Time to mortality decreased as the concentration of boric acid increased. The LT50s for DSOBTH were not significantly different for any concentrations tested. In choice tests, the order of LT50s of boric acid and DSOBTH were 6.25% = 12.5% > 25% = 50% and 25% > 12.5% > 50% > 25%, respectively. Consumption of treated and control baits and the differences between the LT50s of the nonchoice and choice tests indicate repellency of the toxicants. Most German cockroaches died in 3-6 d in wet-mixed nonchoice tests, but all cockroaches survived the wet-mixed choice tests except at the lowest concentration of boric acid. This result indicated repellency. In nonchoice tests with water-based solutions, all cockroaches died in 5 d. In choice tests with boric acid solutions, mortality did not increase at concentrations > 1%. Choice/nonchoice ratios indicate no repellency of water-based solutions. In addition, consumption of treated and blank solutions was not significantly different for any concentration except 4% DSOBTH. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Strong, C A AU - Koehler, P G AU - Patterson, R S AD - Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 1458 EP - 1463 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Borates KW - 0 KW - Boric Acids KW - Insect Repellents KW - Insecticides KW - disodium octaborate tetrahydrate KW - 12008-41-2 KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Male KW - Cockroaches KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Borates -- administration & dosage KW - Boric Acids -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76107320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Oral+toxicity+and+repellency+of+borates+to+German+cockroaches+%28Dictyoptera%3A+Blattellidae%29.&rft.au=Strong%2C+C+A%3BKoehler%2C+P+G%3BPatterson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of Pasteurella haemolytica subunit antigens in a goat model of pasteurellosis. AN - 76091716; 8250389 AB - The effectiveness of Pasteurella haemolytica biovar A, serovar 1 (Ph1) subunit vaccines was tested in goats, using challenge exposure by transthoracic injection. Twenty-two weanling male Spanish goats were randomly allotted to 4 groups. Six goats were given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 18 days apart with live Ph1 impregnated in agar beads (positive controls). Six goats were not given injections (negative controls). Five goats were given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 18 days apart with 4.6 mg of cytotoxin in agar beads. The remaining 5 goats were given 2 IM injections, 18 days apart, into the thigh with 4.6 mg of cytotoxin emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Twenty-four days after the second injection, all goats were challenge-exposed to live Ph1 by transthoracic injection into the lung, and 4 days later, all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. Serum neutralizing anticytotoxin titer was measured throughout the experiment. Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue was 0.38 cm3 for the positive control group, 32 cm3 for the negative control group; 19 cm3 for the cytotoxin-lung group; and 88 cm3 for the cytotoxin-adjuvant-IM group. Only the positive control group was protected from Ph1 challenge exposure. The Ph1 cytotoxin subunit vaccine alone appeared to be ineffective, and the anticytotoxin titer was not correlated with protection. In a separate trial, 32 weanling male Spanish goats were randomly allotted to 5 groups. Each was given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 22 days apart. Six goats were given Ph1 cytotoxin impregnated into agar beads; 6 were given Ph1 lipopolysaccharide impregnated in agar beads; 6 were given Ph1 capsule impregnated in agar beads. Six goats were given agar beads only (negative controls), and 6 were given live Ph1 impregnated into agar beads (positive controls). Twenty days after the second injection, all goats were challenge-exposed to live Ph1 by transthoracic injection into the lung, and 4 days later, all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue was 0.14 cm3 for the positive control group, 7.59 cm3 for the negative control group, 11.21 cm3 for the cytotoxin group, 10.19 cm3 for the lipopolysaccharide group, and 1.6 cm3 for the capsule group. Again, only injection of live Ph1 (positive controls) induced solid protection; however, the capsule subunit vaccine induced partial protection against challenge exposure in this trial. Lipopolysaccharide and cytotoxin subunit vaccines were ineffective in protecting goats against challenge exposure with live Ph1. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Purdy, C W AU - Straus, D C AU - Struck, D AU - Foster, G S AD - USDA, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX 79012. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 1637 EP - 1647 VL - 54 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Vaccines KW - Cytotoxins KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Goats KW - Cattle Diseases -- immunology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Leukocyte Count -- veterinary KW - Body Weight KW - Cattle KW - Bacterial Capsules -- immunology KW - Body Temperature KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- immunology KW - Cytotoxins -- immunology KW - Male KW - Mannheimia haemolytica -- isolation & purification KW - Bacterial Vaccines -- immunology KW - Pasteurella Infections -- veterinary KW - Pasteurella Infections -- immunology KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Mannheimia haemolytica -- immunology KW - Pasteurella Infections -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76091716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+Pasteurella+haemolytica+subunit+antigens+in+a+goat+model+of+pasteurellosis.&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BStraus%2C+D+C%3BStruck%2C+D%3BFoster%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for a gene cluster involving trichothecene-pathway biosynthetic genes in Fusarium sporotrichioides. AN - 76091286; 8252637 AB - Two overlapping cosmid clones (Cos1-1 and Cos9-1) carrying the Tox5 gene were isolated from a library of F. sporotrichioides strain NRRL 3299 genomic DNA. These cosmids were used to transform three T-2 toxin-deficient mutants that are blocked at different steps in the trichothecene pathway. Both cosmids restored T-2 toxin production to Tox3-1- or Tox4-1- mutants but neither restored T-2 toxin production to a Tox1-2- mutant. The production of T-2 toxin by the complemented Tox3-1- and Tox4-1- mutants, as well as the production of diacetoxycirpenol by the cosmid-transformed Tox1-2- mutant, were 2- to 10-fold higher than in strain NRRL 3299. In addition, those transformants carrying Cos9-1 produced significantly higher levels of trichothecenes than transformants carrying Cos1-1. Two different DNA fragments (FSC13-9 and FSC14-5), representing the region of overlap between the cosmid clones, were isolated. These fragments specifically complemented either the Tox3-1- mutant (FSC14-5) or the Tox4-1- mutant (FSC13-9). The trichothecene-production phenotype of these transformants was similar to NRRL 3299. These results suggest that two or more genes involved in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes are closely linked to Tox5. JF - Current genetics AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AU - Desjardins, A E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 291 EP - 295 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0172-8083, 0172-8083 KW - Tox5 KW - Trichothecenes KW - 0 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - T-2 Toxin -- biosynthesis KW - T-2 Toxin -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Multigene Family KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76091286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+genetics&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+a+gene+cluster+involving+trichothecene-pathway+biosynthetic+genes+in+Fusarium+sporotrichioides.&rft.au=Hohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Hohn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+genetics&rft.issn=01728083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Tox5 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of 5-fluorouracil treatment of chicks: a cell depletion model for the study of avian polymorphonuclear leukocytes and natural host defenses. AN - 76019637; 8415360 AB - Two-week-old Leghorn chicks injected intravenously with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were found to have a three- to fivefold reduction (P < .05) in circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) 5 to 10 days later. The reduction in PMN was dose-dependent with a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight of 5-FU, causing suppression of PMN to almost undetectable levels. Increasing the dosage of 5-FU to 400 mg/kg had no further effect on reducing the number of PMN in the circulation nor were overt clinical signs of toxicity observed. Single per os administration of 10(6) viable Salmonella enteritidis (SE) to individual groups of chicks treated or not treated with 5-FU at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 days postinjection resulted in a two- to sixfold increase in the incidence of SE organ invasion (liver and spleen) beginning on Day 4 postinjection and continuing through Day 12 postinjection. The greatest increase in organ invasion occurred on Days 8 through 10 postinjection and was inversely proportional to the greatest reduction in the number of circulating PMN. Using 5-FU, a granulocytopenic chicken model was developed that can be used to study the defensive role of avian heterophils against infectious agents. The results from these preliminary experiments indicate that PMN play a significant role in reducing organ invasion by SE in Leghorn chicks. JF - Poultry science AU - Kogut, M H AU - Tellez, G AU - Hargis, B M AU - Corrier, D E AU - DeLoach, J R AD - USDA, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 1873 EP - 1880 VL - 72 IS - 10 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Fluorouracil KW - U3P01618RT KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphocyte Depletion -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Fluorouracil -- administration & dosage KW - Fluorouracil -- adverse effects KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- drug effects KW - Chickens -- immunology KW - Poultry Diseases -- immunology KW - Poultry Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Agranulocytosis -- veterinary KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- immunology KW - Models, Biological KW - Agranulocytosis -- immunology KW - Agranulocytosis -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76019637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+5-fluorouracil+treatment+of+chicks%3A+a+cell+depletion+model+for+the+study+of+avian+polymorphonuclear+leukocytes+and+natural+host+defenses.&rft.au=Kogut%2C+M+H%3BTellez%2C+G%3BHargis%2C+B+M%3BCorrier%2C+D+E%3BDeLoach%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endotoxin Reduction in Cotton Fibers: Effect of Flash Heating on Endotoxin Content, Fiber Physical Properties, and Processability AN - 754893172; 13497619 AB - Raw cotton fiber was heated by three processes ( metal plates, forced draft laboratory oven, and gas-fired pilot plant dryer) to compare their effect on endotoxin content of the fiber. To achieve about 90% reduction in endotoxin content, it was necessary to treat the cotton between the metal plates for 120 seconds at 215C (419F), in the forced draft oven for 60 seconds at 250C (482F), or in the pilot plant dryer for 15- 20 seconds at 250-255C (500F). Fabric could be knit from heated cotton despite reductions in fiber bundle tenacity and elongation and yarn tenacity caused by the heat treatment. Heat-induced discoloration could be eliminated by a desize / scour / bleach treatment of fabric knit from heated cotton. JF - Textile Research Journal AU - Rousselle, Marie-Alice AU - Domelsmith, Linda N AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, U.S.A Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - Oct 1993 SP - 595 EP - 603 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 63 IS - 10 SN - 0040-5175, 0040-5175 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Endotoxins KW - Fabrics KW - Fibers KW - Metals KW - Elongation KW - Scours KW - Cotton KW - Textiles KW - Heat treatments KW - Bleaches KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754893172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Endotoxin+Reduction+in+Cotton+Fibers%3A+Effect+of+Flash+Heating+on+Endotoxin+Content%2C+Fiber+Physical+Properties%2C+and+Processability&rft.au=Rousselle%2C+Marie-Alice%3BDomelsmith%2C+Linda+N&rft.aulast=Rousselle&rft.aufirst=Marie-Alice&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Textile+Research+Journal&rft.issn=00405175&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F004051759306301005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fabrics; Endotoxins; Scours; Elongation; Metals; Fibers; Cotton; Textiles; Bleaches; Heat treatments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759306301005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies AN - 51064214; 1994-003688 JF - Environmental Geology (Berlin) AU - Toy, T J AU - Osterkamp, W R AU - Renard, K G Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 121 EP - 128 PB - Springer International, Berlin VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0943-0105, 0943-0105 KW - models KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - prediction KW - hydrogeology KW - geomorphology KW - regression analysis KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51064214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology+%28Berlin%29&rft.atitle=Prediction+by+regression+and+intrarange+data+scatter+in+surface-process+studies&rft.au=Toy%2C+T+J%3BOsterkamp%2C+W+R%3BRenard%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Toy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geology+%28Berlin%29&rft.issn=09430105&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/1432-0495/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data processing; geomorphology; hydrogeology; models; prediction; regression analysis; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accelerated erosion by armored vehicles, Fort Carson AN - 50256500; 1994-023919 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Shepherd, Russell G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 119 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - hills KW - Pinyon Canyon KW - Gulf War KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - rills KW - rates KW - erosion features KW - Fort Carson KW - planning KW - streams KW - outcrops KW - gullies KW - Colorado KW - management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50256500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Accelerated+erosion+by+armored+vehicles%2C+Fort+Carson&rft.au=Shepherd%2C+Russell+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1993 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colorado; erosion; erosion features; Fort Carson; Gulf War; gullies; hills; management; outcrops; Pinyon Canyon; planning; rates; rills; sediment transport; streams; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil solution composition relative to mineral distribution in Blue Ridge Mountain soils AN - 50205501; 1995-001872 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Norfleet, M L AU - Karathanasis, A D AU - Smith, B R Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 1375 EP - 1380 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - South Carolina KW - Ultisols KW - stability KW - Appalachians KW - mineral composition KW - Blue Ridge Mountains KW - Sumter National Forest KW - aluminum KW - Kanhapludults KW - oxides KW - gibbsite KW - soils KW - North America KW - temperate environment KW - kaolinite KW - weathering KW - clay minerals KW - metals KW - residence time KW - sheet silicates KW - vermiculite KW - northwestern South Carolina KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - transformations KW - leaching KW - pore water KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50205501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+solution+composition+relative+to+mineral+distribution+in+Blue+Ridge+Mountain+soils&rft.au=Norfleet%2C+M+L%3BKarathanasis%2C+A+D%3BSmith%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Norfleet&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - SuppNotes - University of Kentucky Agric. Exp. Stn. Technical Contrib. No. 92-3-162 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aluminum; Appalachians; Blue Ridge Mountains; clay minerals; gibbsite; Kanhapludults; kaolinite; leaching; metals; mineral composition; mixed-layer minerals; North America; northwestern South Carolina; oxides; pore water; residence time; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; South Carolina; stability; Sumter National Forest; temperate environment; transformations; Ultisols; United States; vermiculite; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid biorecognition assay for herbicides in biological matrices. AN - 76090485; 8238935 AB - A rapid assay capable of detecting several commonly used herbicides at nanogram per milliliter concentrations in biological fluids is described. The assay is based on inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport in spinach thylakoids by the target compounds with colorimetric detection using a redox dye. Using a microtiter plate format, high throughput assays of water, urine, and homogenized tissue were performed in minutes with minimal sample preparation. Detection limits of 3 ng/mL for atrazine, 3 ng/mL for diuron, and 1 ng/mL for terbutryn were observed. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Brewster, J D AU - Lightfield, A R AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1993/09/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Sep 15 SP - 2415 EP - 2419 VL - 65 IS - 18 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Colorimetry KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- urine KW - Herbicides -- blood KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- blood KW - Pesticide Residues -- urine KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76090485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Rapid+biorecognition+assay+for+herbicides+in+biological+matrices.&rft.au=Brewster%2C+J+D%3BLightfield%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-09-15&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro rearing of Bracon mellitor and Catolaccus grandis with artificial diets devoid of insect components AN - 902355490; 14665813 AB - Bracon mellitor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Catolaccus grandis Burks (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), ectoparasitoids of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were reared in vitro for the first time on artificial diets devoid of insect components. The duration of the life cycles from egg to adult when these parasitoids were reared in vivo on boll weevil larvae, on semi-artificial diets retained with cotton fabric pads, or on diets with low agar concentrations (0.7%) were ca. 15.5, 16.5, and 15.0 days, for B. mellitor and 16.0, 17.5, and 15.5 days, respectively, for C. grandis. Percent adult emergence obtained with the same treatments was 58, 25, and 65 percent, for B. mellitor and 50, 28, and 60 percent, respectively, for C. grandis. Adult morphological characteristics and mating appeared normal. Male to female sex ratios were ca. 45:55 for both species. JF - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AU - Guerra, Antonio A AU - Robacker, Karen M AU - Martinez, Susana AD - USDA, ARS, BCPRU, 2413 East Highway 83 Weslaco, TX 78538, USA Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - Sep 1993 SP - 303 EP - 307 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8703, 0013-8703 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agar KW - Artificial diets KW - Cotton KW - Fabrics KW - Mating KW - Nutrient deficiency KW - Parasitoids KW - Sex ratio KW - Bracon mellitor KW - Braconidae KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - Catolaccus grandis KW - Hymenoptera KW - Pteromalidae KW - Z 05340:Ecology and Behavior KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902355490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.atitle=In+vitro+rearing+of+Bracon+mellitor+and+Catolaccus+grandis+with+artificial+diets+devoid+of+insect+components&rft.au=Guerra%2C+Antonio+A%3BRobacker%2C+Karen+M%3BMartinez%2C+Susana&rft.aulast=Guerra&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata&rft.issn=00138703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1570-7458.1993.tb01717.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fabrics; Mating; Agar; Nutrient deficiency; Cotton; Sex ratio; Artificial diets; Parasitoids; Bracon mellitor; Catolaccus grandis; Anthonomus grandis; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; Braconidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1993.tb01717.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a multispecies identification field test by modified agar-gel immunodiffusion. AN - 76046815; 8241808 AB - A multispecies identification field test (MULTI-SIFT) was developed for detection of beef, poultry, pork, sheep, horse, and deer in a wide variety of raw meat products. The test is an adaptation of previously developed field screening immunodiffusion tests for detection of single species. MULTI-SIFT was demonstrated to be specific, relatively sensitive, and accurate in the complete speciation of 100 meat samples. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Cutufelli, M E AU - Mageau, R P AU - Schwab, B AU - Johnston, R W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Medical Microbiology Branch, Beltsville, MD 20705. PY - 1993 SP - 1022 EP - 1026 VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Antibody Specificity KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Horses KW - Species Specificity KW - Deer KW - Cross Reactions KW - Immunodiffusion -- methods KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Meat Products -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76046815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+multispecies+identification+field+test+by+modified+agar-gel+immunodiffusion.&rft.au=Cutufelli%2C+M+E%3BMageau%2C+R+P%3BSchwab%2C+B%3BJohnston%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Cutufelli&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1022&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of two smooth colony phenotypes in a Salmonella enteritidis isolate which vary in their ability to contaminate eggs. AN - 76009101; 7692818 AB - Salmonella enteritidis isolates were obtained from eggs after infection of Leghorn hens with a parent isolate (SE6) known to only infrequently contaminate eggs. Isolates from eggs exhibited two phenotypes that were subtly different. One phenotype was typically smooth, while the other was transiently rough. Both sets of isolates were phage type 13A and positive for D1 epitopes. Immunoblot analysis of entire colonies and gas chromatographic analysis of purified lipopolysaccharide revealed that the phenotypic difference between isolates was due to a quantitative difference in O antigen and possibly a qualitative difference in the lipid A core region. In addition, the two isolates had different opacity properties when examined at 600 nm. When the two isolates were used to inject egg-laying hens, a significant difference in the ability to contaminate eggs was detected. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Petter, J G AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30605. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 2884 EP - 2890 VL - 59 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Lipid A KW - 0 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - O Antigens KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Phenotype KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Humans KW - Lipid A -- chemistry KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- chemistry KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- pathogenicity KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76009101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+two+smooth+colony+phenotypes+in+a+Salmonella+enteritidis+isolate+which+vary+in+their+ability+to+contaminate+eggs.&rft.au=Petter%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Petter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2884&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1983 Aug;155(2):831-8 [6409884] J Bacteriol. 1987 Feb;169(2):856-63 [2433267] Epidemiol Infect. 1987 Oct;99(2):291-4 [3315705] JAMA. 1988 Apr 8;259(14):2103-7 [3279240] Vet Rec. 1988 Feb 27;122(9):214 [3289255] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1989 Jul 1;51(1):37-40 [2676707] Science. 1993 Mar 19;259(5102):1757-60 [7681219] J Biol Chem. 1990 Sep 25;265(27):16444-9 [2398058] J Bacteriol. 1991 Apr;173(7):2155-9 [2007543] Nature. 1991 Jun 27;351(6329):759-61 [2062368] Annu Rev Genet. 1991;25:315-37 [1667460] Mol Microbiol. 1992 Apr;6(8):1003-12 [1584020] Avian Dis. 1992 Jul-Sep;36(3):646-54 [1417594] J Bacteriol. 1990 Feb;172(2):1145-7 [1688839] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of naturally occurring mycotoxins in feedstuffs and food. AN - 75991829; 8407669 AB - Aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and their respective metabolites require specific procedures for their determination because of their diverse chemistry and occurrence in complex matrices of feedstuffs and foods. Major sources of error in the analysis of these mycotoxins arise from inadequate sampling and inefficient extraction and cleanup procedures. The determinative step in the assay for each of these toxins is sensitive to levels below those that are considered detrimental to humans and animals. Aflatoxins can be determined in grains and animal fluids and tissues by TLC, HPLC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and ELISA procedures. Zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin, can readily be determined in cereal grains and foods by HPLC (50 ng/g) and by TLC (300 ng/g). No incurred levels of zearalenone or its metabolites have been detected in animal tissues destined for human consumption. Deoxynivalenol can be determined in wheat and corn at 300 ng/g by a rapid TLC procedure and at 325 ng/g by a GC method. Although not tested collaboratively, an HPLC procedure and an ELISA screening procedure are capable of detecting deoxynivalenol at low (nanograms/gram) levels in feedstuffs and foods. The recently characterized fumonisins can be detected by TLC, HPLC, and GC-MS at levels below those now considered harmful. Thin-layer chromatography and HPLC (with fluorescence detection of derivatives) procedures can detect fumonisins at approximately 100 ng/g; GC-MS is required for detection at lower levels. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Richard, J L AU - Bennett, G A AU - Ross, P F AU - Nelson, P E AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 2563 EP - 2574 VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Zearalenone -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75991829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+naturally+occurring+mycotoxins+in+feedstuffs+and+food.&rft.au=Richard%2C+J+L%3BBennett%2C+G+A%3BRoss%2C+P+F%3BNelson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary chromium supplementation with or without somatotropin treatment alters serum hormones and metabolites in growing pigs without affecting growth performance. AN - 75938051; 8360776 AB - Twenty-four castrated male pigs were used in a 2 x 2 treatment array to determine the main effects of and interactions between dietary chromium supplementation and pituitary porcine somatotropin (ppST) administration on growth performance and serum hormone and metabolite concentrations. The treatments were 1) control (basal diet); 2) chromium (basal diet+300 micrograms/kg diet added trivalent chromium as chromium picolinate); 3) ppST (100 micrograms/(kg body wt.d); and 4) chromium+ppST. Treatments were administered when pigs weighed between 30 and 60 kg. Blood was collected when pigs weighted 45 and 60 kg. All pigs treated with ppST exhibited improvements in growth performance (P < 0.05). Pigs given chromium showed no improvements in growth rate, feed efficiency or composition of gain. Measurements at 60 kg body weight revealed that ppST increased the cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio (P < 0.05). Chromium lowered serum insulin and glucose concentrations relative to controls (P < 0.05) and normalized the increase in glucose and insulin resulting from ppST treatment. No ppST x chromium interactions were noted, suggesting these changes in glucose and insulin metabolism are exerted through different mechanisms. These results indicate that chromium does not affect growth performance of young growing pigs. Chromium does normalize altered hormone and metabolite concentrations resulting from ppST treatment. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Evock-Clover, C M AU - Polansky, M M AU - Anderson, R A AU - Steele, N C AD - Nonruminant Animal Nutrition Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 1504 EP - 1512 VL - 123 IS - 9 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Hormones KW - Insulin KW - Picolinic Acids KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I KW - 67763-96-6 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - picolinic acid KW - QZV2W997JQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Drug Interactions KW - Insulin -- blood KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -- analysis KW - Blood Glucose -- analysis KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Animal Feed KW - Heart -- anatomy & histology KW - Food, Fortified KW - Time Factors KW - Body Composition -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Swine -- growth & development KW - Growth Hormone -- blood KW - Growth Hormone -- administration & dosage KW - Hormones -- blood KW - Diet KW - Swine -- blood KW - Picolinic Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Growth Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Picolinic Acids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75938051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+chromium+supplementation+with+or+without+somatotropin+treatment+alters+serum+hormones+and+metabolites+in+growing+pigs+without+affecting+growth+performance.&rft.au=Evock-Clover%2C+C+M%3BPolansky%2C+M+M%3BAnderson%2C+R+A%3BSteele%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Evock-Clover&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of carbadox, copper, or Yucca shidigera extract on growth performance and visceral weight of young pigs. AN - 75961218; 8376238 AB - Two identical trials, each with 128 crossbred weanling barrows (6.8 +/- .2 and 7.6 +/- .2 kg for Trials 1 and 2, respectively), were conducted. In each trial, pigs were allowed to consume ad libitum a 16% CP corn-soybean meal basal diet (B), B + 55 ppm of carbadox, B + 250 ppm of copper (Cu), or B + 125 ppm of Yucca shidigera extract for 56 d (four pens/diet; eight pigs/pen). At d 56 of the test, eight pigs/diet (two pigs/pen) were slaughtered for carcass and viscera measurements. Data of carbadox treatment in Trial 1 are excluded from this paper because of an error in mixing of the diet. In Trial 1, during the test period from d 0 to 28, pigs fed Cu had greater (P .05) compared with those fed B. During the period from 29 to 56 d, ADG was similar among pigs fed different diets (P > .05) but ADFI was affected (P Cu > B). No differences (P > .05) among diets were detected for gain/feed (G/F) and visceral weights expressed as a percentage of slaughter BW. In Trial 2, during the first 28 d, the ADG, ADFI, and G/F responses of pigs to Cu, yucca extract, and B were similar to those observed in Trial 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Yen, J T AU - Pond, W G AD - R. L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 2140 EP - 2146 VL - 71 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Carbadox KW - M2X04R2E2Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Intestine, Small -- growth & development KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Random Allocation KW - Food, Fortified KW - Intestine, Small -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Swine -- growth & development KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Carbadox -- pharmacology KW - Viscera -- drug effects KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Viscera -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75961218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+carbadox%2C+copper%2C+or+Yucca+shidigera+extract+on+growth+performance+and+visceral+weight+of+young+pigs.&rft.au=Yen%2C+J+T%3BPond%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Yen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maize bronze 1:dSpm insertion mutations that are not fully suppressed by an active Spm. AN - 75957704; 8397136 AB - The Suppressor-mutator (Spm) family of maize transposable elements consists of autonomous Spm elements and nonautonomous defective Spm (dSpm) elements. One characteristic of this family is that the insertion of dSpm elements into a structural gene often permits some level of structural gene expression in the absence of SpM activity, and this structural gene expression is suppressed in trans by Spm activity. The Spm's subterminal repetitive regions (SRRs) contain several iterations of a 12-bp repeat motif. It had been proposed that binding of an Spm-encoded protein to these repeat motifs blocks structural gene transcriptional readthrough, thus suppressing gene expression. The bz-m13 allele of the bronze 1 locus contains a 2.24-kb dSpm insertion in the second exon of a Bz allele. In the absence of Spm activity, bz-m13 displays substantial Bz expression, and this expression is fully suppressed by Spm. Four intra-dSpm deletion derivatives are described in which this Bz expression is only partially suppressed by Spm. Each of these derivatives retains at least 12 SRR repeat motifs. Thus the presence of these repeat motifs is not sufficient to guarantee complete suppression by Spm. Some other property such as secondary structure or element size must play a role. JF - Genetics AU - Bunkers, G AU - Nelson, O E AU - Raboy, V AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1211 EP - 1220 VL - 134 IS - 4 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Glucosyltransferases KW - EC 2.4.1.- KW - flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.1.91 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Base Sequence KW - Alleles KW - Biological Evolution KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutation KW - Glucosyltransferases -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Suppression, Genetic KW - Zea mays -- enzymology KW - Zea mays -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75957704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=Maize+bronze+1%3AdSpm+insertion+mutations+that+are+not+fully+suppressed+by+an+active+Spm.&rft.au=Bunkers%2C+G%3BNelson%2C+O+E%3BRaboy%2C+V&rft.aulast=Bunkers&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochem Genet. 1977 Feb;15(1-2):153-6 [849249] Biochem Genet. 1977 Jun;15(5-6):509-19 [880210] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(14):4783-7 [2991894] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5863-7 [3039512] Genetics. 1987 Sep;117(1):117-37 [2822531] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Sep 26;16(18):8887-903 [3174435] Basic Life Sci. 1988;47:261-78 [2845913] EMBO J. 1988 Dec 20;7(13):4045-53 [2854053] Gene. 1989 Oct 15;82(1):127-33 [2555263] EMBO J. 1990 Jul;9(7):2029-35 [2162760] Genes Dev. 1990 Apr;4(4):559-66 [2163342] EMBO J. 1990 Oct;9(10):3051-7 [2170105] Plant Mol Biol. 1993 Jan;21(2):355-62 [8093849] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibiotic activities of sugar esters isolated from selected Nicotiana species. AN - 75939103; 7764019 JF - Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry AU - Chortyk, O T AU - Severson, R F AU - Cutler, H C AU - Sisson, V A AD - USDA, ARS, R. B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, GA 30613. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1355 EP - 1356 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0916-8451, 0916-8451 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Carbohydrates KW - Esters KW - Biotechnology KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Carbohydrates -- chemistry KW - Carbohydrates -- pharmacology KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75939103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience%2C+biotechnology%2C+and+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Antibiotic+activities+of+sugar+esters+isolated+from+selected+Nicotiana+species.&rft.au=Chortyk%2C+O+T%3BSeverson%2C+R+F%3BCutler%2C+H+C%3BSisson%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Chortyk&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience%2C+biotechnology%2C+and+biochemistry&rft.issn=09168451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Whole-body exposures to a phosphoric acids aerosol: II. Food/water/weight effects in wild rodent and avian species. AN - 75903637; 8345534 AB - Separate inhalation-chamber studies were conducted to assess acute/subacute food intake (g), water intake (ml), and body weight (g) effects of four whole-body phosphoric-acids-aerosol exposures in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus); subacute effects of two exposures were studied in rock doves (Columba livia). A 95% red phosphorus/5% butyl rubber (RP/BR) mixture was burned to produce the aerosol. Each study involved (1) 3 RP/BR target concentration groups (0.0, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/L), (2) 24 prairie dogs or doves (8/group), with gender included as a factor in each study, and (3) a successive 3-phase paradigm (2 d preexposure; 4 and 2 d of approximately 80 min/d exposures to RP/BR for prairie dogs and rock doves, respectively; and 6 d postexposure). Results showed that in-chamber atmospheres were uniform and acceptable for all exposures. No prairie dogs died, but 1 male rock dove died on d 3 postexposure to 4.0 mg/L aerosol. Concentration and gender main effects were significant for the acute (2 h out-of-chamber) food intake, water intake, and weight change of prairie dogs, with aerosol-exposed and male rodents showing decrements. Gender and day main effects were also significant for the subacute (23 h/d) variables in prairie dogs; females weighted less than males, and reduced food/water/weight was evident for all animals during the 4 exposure days and first 3 postexposure days. For rock doves, subacute gender and day main effects, plus concentration x day and concentration x gender x day interactions, characterized the data. A transitive relationship was evident among RP/BR aerosol conditions (0.0 < 1.0 < 4.0 mg/L) and mean decreased food intakes on the exposure days (d2 < d1). Enhanced postexposure water replenishment by female versus male doves exposed to 4.0 mg/L RP/BR aerosol was a main finding. Results are explained based upon a temporal model of phosphoric acid caused ulcers/edema. Effects are compared to prior evidence for albino rats, prairie dogs and rock doves; these are also discussed relative to certain human health and ecotoxicological literature. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Sterner, R T AD - USDA/APHIS/ADC, Denver Wildlife Research Center, CO 80225-0266. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 497 EP - 515 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Phosphoric Acids KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Animals KW - Atmosphere Exposure Chambers KW - Male KW - Female KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Sciuridae KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Phosphoric Acids -- toxicity KW - Phosphoric Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Columbidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75903637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Whole-body+exposures+to+a+phosphoric+acids+aerosol%3A+II.+Food%2Fwater%2Fweight+effects+in+wild+rodent+and+avian+species.&rft.au=Sterner%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Sterner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Excess dietary vitamin B-6 alters startle behavior of rats. AN - 75860110; 8336216 AB - Excessive intakes of vitamin B-6 can produce peripheral nervous system abnormalities, but few reports of central nervous system effects exist. We measured startle response, a central nervous system reflex, in rats fed excess pyridoxine to determine if subtle effects on central nervous system function could be detected. Female Long-Evans rats (218 g; n = 12) were fed either 1, 10, 100, 200 or 300 times the requirement of pyridoxine HCl (7 mg/kg) for 7 wk. Startle behavior was assessed weekly in chambers that allowed quantification of movement in response to stimuli. Food intake and body weights did not differ among groups (P > 0.1), and urinary vitamin B-6 excretion reflected intake (P < 0.001). Overt toxicity was not observed. There was a marginally significant effect of pyridoxine intake over time (P = 0.053) on the amplitude of response to a startling acoustic stimulus (117 dB, 40 ms) administered alone; the response appeared attenuated at the three highest pyridoxine concentrations. When the same stimulus was preceded by either a 70- or 75-dB prepulse (40 ms), responses of groups fed the two highest pyridoxine concentrations were significantly reduced relative to those fed the two lowest concentrations (P < 0.05). No effect of diet was seen with a startling tactile stimulus. Changes in central nervous system function were detected in rats fed excess vitamin B-6 using techniques of startle behavior measurement. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Schaeffer, M C AD - Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94129. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1444 EP - 1452 VL - 123 IS - 8 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Pyridoxine KW - KV2JZ1BI6Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Diet KW - Touch KW - Female KW - Brain Stem -- drug effects KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Pyridoxine -- administration & dosage KW - Pyridoxine -- toxicity KW - Brain Stem -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75860110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Excess+dietary+vitamin+B-6+alters+startle+behavior+of+rats.&rft.au=Schaeffer%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Schaeffer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection of Marek's disease virus recombinants expressing the Escherichia coli gpt gene. AN - 75852671; 8393240 AB - We developed a positive selection method for recovering Marek's disease virus (MDV) recombinants. The Escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene (gpt), under the control of the major immediate-early promoter from cytomegalovirus, was inserted into the inverted repeats flanking the unique long (UL) region of a non-pathogenic serotype 2 MDV strain 281MI/1. In a second demonstration of the usefulness of the positive selection system, the gpt gene was inserted into the inverted repeats flanking the unique short (US) region of the turkey herpesvirus (HVT) strain FC126. The targeted insertion site in 281MI/1 was in a previously established nonessential site for virus replication. The targeted insertion site for FC126, at the junction of the UL and US regions, is a nonessential site for in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus. Recombinant viruses were easily selected by incubating the transfected cells in mycophenolic acid (MPA)-containing medium. Purification of recombinants resulted from a series of trypsinization and sonication steps combined with the culturing of virus in MPA-containing medium to inhibit wild-type virus replication. This simple technique for recovering MDV and HVT recombinants should increase the efficiency of identifying nonessential sites and gene function analysis by insertional mutagenesis. JF - Virology AU - Marshall, D R AU - Reilly, J D AU - Liu, X AU - Silva, R F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, East Lansing, Michigan 48823. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 638 EP - 648 VL - 195 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - gpt KW - DNA, Recombinant KW - 0 KW - Pentosyltransferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.22 KW - Mycophenolic Acid KW - HU9DX48N0T KW - Index Medicus KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Mycophenolic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Pentosyltransferases -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- metabolism KW - Pentosyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75852671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Selection+of+Marek%27s+disease+virus+recombinants+expressing+the+Escherichia+coli+gpt+gene.&rft.au=Marshall%2C+D+R%3BReilly%2C+J+D%3BLiu%2C+X%3BSilva%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - gpt N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wave damage to floodwater retarding dams, the Soil Conservation Service perspective AN - 52825830; 1996-057760 JF - Miscellaneous Paper W (Vicksburg, Miss.) AU - Barkemeyer, O'Gene W A2 - Allen, Hollis H. A2 - Tingle, John L. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 60 EP - 62 PB - U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS KW - controls KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - waves KW - dams KW - floods KW - damage KW - shorelines KW - economics KW - interpretation KW - construction KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52825830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.atitle=Wave+damage+to+floodwater+retarding+dams%2C+the+Soil+Conservation+Service+perspective&rft.au=Barkemeyer%2C+O%27Gene+W&rft.aulast=Barkemeyer&rft.aufirst=O%27Gene&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers workshop on Reservoir shoreline erosion; a national problem N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03371 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction; controls; damage; dams; economics; erosion; floods; geologic hazards; interpretation; shorelines; waves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Planting techniques for vegetating shorelines and riparian areas AN - 52824397; 1996-057766 JF - Miscellaneous Paper W (Vicksburg, Miss.) AU - Hoag, J Chris AU - Short, Harold AU - Green, Wes A2 - Allen, Hollis H. A2 - Tingle, John L. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 114 EP - 124 PB - U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS KW - controls KW - erosion KW - reclamation KW - shorelines KW - vegetation KW - construction KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52824397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.atitle=Planting+techniques+for+vegetating+shorelines+and+riparian+areas&rft.au=Hoag%2C+J+Chris%3BShort%2C+Harold%3BGreen%2C+Wes&rft.aulast=Hoag&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Miscellaneous+Paper+W+%28Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers workshop on Reservoir shoreline erosion; a national problem N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MS N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03371 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction; controls; design; erosion; reclamation; shorelines; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects on bedload transport of experimental removal of woody debris from a forest gravel-bed stream AN - 50326263; 1993-027712 JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Smith, R D AU - Sidle, R C AU - Porter, P E Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 455 EP - 468 PB - Wiley & Sons, Chichester-New York VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - forests KW - bedload KW - debris KW - wood KW - stream transport KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - sediments KW - gravel KW - aquatic environment KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50326263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Effects+on+bedload+transport+of+experimental+removal+of+woody+debris+from+a+forest+gravel-bed+stream&rft.au=Smith%2C+R+D%3BSidle%2C+R+C%3BPorter%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESPRDT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic environment; bedload; clastic sediments; debris; erosion; forests; gravel; sediments; stream transport; wood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The soil survey as paradigm-based science; discussion AN - 50306810; 1993-041086 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Swanson, David K Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1164 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - paradigms KW - philosophy KW - classification KW - mapping KW - landscapes KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50306810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=The+soil+survey+as+paradigm-based+science%3B+discussion&rft.au=Swanson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see Hudson, B. D., Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 56, p. 836-841, 1992 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; landscapes; mapping; paradigms; philosophy; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of nitrous oxide on nickel deprivation in rats. AN - 75984257; 7691130 AB - Because nickel may have a biological function in a pathway in which vitamin B12 is important, an experiment was performed to determine the effects of nitrous oxide exposure in rats deprived of nickel. Exposure to nitrous oxide (N2O) causes inactivation of cobalamin and a subsequent decrease in the vitamin B12-dependent enzymes methionine synthase and methylmalonyl CoA mutase. Rats were assigned to dietary groups of 12 in a factorially arranged experiment with dietary variables of nickel (0 or 1 microgram/g) and vitamin B12 (0 or 50 ng/g). After 6 wk, one-half of the rats from each dietary group were exposed to 50% N2O/50% O2 for 90 min/d for the last 28 d of the experiment. Vitamin B12, N2O, or their interaction had numerous effects; classical findings included N2O-induced reduction in plasma vitamin B12 and decreases in the vitamin B12-dependent enzymes. Inactivation of vitamin B12 by N2O, however, did not exacerbate signs of nickel deprivation, possibly because the rats were able to metabolically compensate to N2O exposure. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Uthus, E O AU - Poellot, R A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 35 EP - 46 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Vitamin B 12 KW - P6YC3EG204 KW - Index Medicus KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Vitamin B 12 Deficiency -- chemically induced KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - Rats KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Hematocrit KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Diet KW - Growth -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Vitamin B 12 -- metabolism KW - Vitamin B 12 -- blood KW - Nitrous Oxide -- pharmacology KW - Nickel -- deficiency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75984257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+nitrous+oxide+on+nickel+deprivation+in+rats.&rft.au=Uthus%2C+E+O%3BPoellot%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin receptor and C/EBP regulate the function of the glutathione S-transferase Ya gene xenobiotic response element. AN - 75841269; 8391636 AB - The rat glutathione S-transferase Ya gene xenobiotic response element (XRE) has both constitutive and xenobiotic-inducible activity. We present evidence that the XRE is regulated by both the constitutive C/EBP transcription factor and the xenobiotic-activated dioxin receptor. A ligand-activated XRE-binding protein was shown to be dioxin receptor by specific antibody immunodepletion and binding of highly purified receptor. Identification of C/EBP alpha as the constitutive binding protein was demonstrated by competition with a C/EBP binding site, protein-DNA cross-linking to determine the molecular weight of the constitutive protein(s), specific antibody immunodepletion, and binding of purified bacterially expressed C/EBP alpha. Mutational analysis of the XRE revealed that the constitutive factor (C/EBP alpha) shares a nearly identical overlapping binding site with the dioxin receptor. In functional testing of the putative C/EBP-XRE interaction, cotransfected C/EBP alpha activated an XRE test promoter in the non-xenobiotic-responsive HeLa cell line. Unexpectedly, cotransfected C/EBP alpha had no effect on basal activity but significantly increased the xenobiotic response of the XRE test promoter in the xenobiotic-responsive, C/EBP-positive HepG2 cell line. Furthermore, inhibition of C/EBP-binding protein(s) in HepG2 cells by transfection of C/EBP oligonucleotides suppressed the xenobiotic response. These results suggest that C/EBP alpha and dioxin receptor recognize the same DNA sequence element and that transcriptional regulation can occur by cooperative interactions between these two transcription factors. JF - Molecular and cellular biology AU - Pimental, R A AU - Liang, B AU - Yee, G K AU - Wilhelmsson, A AU - Poellinger, L AU - Paulson, K E AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 4365 EP - 4373 VL - 13 IS - 7 SN - 0270-7306, 0270-7306 KW - Ya KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Receptors, Drug KW - Xenobiotics KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - HeLa Cells KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell Line KW - Receptors, Drug -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Nuclear Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75841269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.atitle=Dioxin+receptor+and+C%2FEBP+regulate+the+function+of+the+glutathione+S-transferase+Ya+gene+xenobiotic+response+element.&rft.au=Pimental%2C+R+A%3BLiang%2C+B%3BYee%2C+G+K%3BWilhelmsson%2C+A%3BPoellinger%2C+L%3BPaulson%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Pimental&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=4365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.issn=02707306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Ya N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genes Dev. 1988 Jul;2(7):786-800 [2850264] Genes Dev. 1991 Sep;5(9):1538-52 [1840554] Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1681-8 [2494700] Genes Dev. 1989 Jun;3(6):760-9 [2744462] Annu Rev Biochem. 1989;58:743-64 [2673020] EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):69-76 [2153080] Genes Dev. 1989 Sep;3(9):1314-22 [2558052] J Biol Chem. 1990 Feb 5;265(4):2269-77 [2153679] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 May;10(5):1841-52 [2325638] Cell. 1990 May 4;61(3):497-504 [2159384] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3826-30 [2160079] Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1990;30:251-77 [2188570] J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 5;265(16):9251-8 [2160969] Science. 1990 Aug 17;249(4970):771-4 [2202050] Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1266-72 [2119054] Cell. 1990 Nov 2;63(3):643-53 [2171780] J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 25;265(33):20708-12 [2173716] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;10(12):6408-16 [2174107] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jan;11(1):401-11 [1986235] Cell. 1991 Feb 8;64(3):565-72 [1846780] Science. 1991 May 17;252(5008):954-8 [1852076] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jun;11(6):3379-83 [2038339] Genes Dev. 1991 Sep;5(9):1553-67 [1884998] Genes Dev. 1991 Oct;5(10):1754-66 [1655570] Cell. 1991 Nov 1;67(3):569-79 [1934061] Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1251-66 [1662118] Genes Dev. 1992 Mar;6(3):439-53 [1547942] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;12(4):1708-18 [1312668] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;12(4):1856-63 [1312672] J Biol Chem. 1992 Apr 5;267(10):6874-8 [1313025] Science. 1992 Apr 17;256(5055):370-3 [1314426] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 15;184(1):246-53 [1314586] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 May;12(5):2115-23 [1314949] Genes Dev. 1992 Jun;6(6):991-1004 [1592265] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 1;89(11):4811-5 [1317573] J Biol Chem. 1992 Jun 5;267(16):11111-9 [1597449] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jul;12(7):3070-7 [1620116] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8185-9 [1325649] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jan;13(1):677-89 [8380231] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8044-8 [3464941] Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1759-64 [3289117] Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):350-3 [2838908] Cell. 1988 Jul 29;54(3):313-23 [3396073] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(16):5859-63 [3413062] Nature. 1988 Nov 17;336(6196):262-5 [2848197] Mol Toxicol. 1989 Oct-Dec;2(4):215-35 [2490978] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Sep;11(9):4314-23 [1652054] Nature. 1989 Apr 13;338(6216):585-7 [2648160] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Longitudinal Analysis of Factors Influencing Increased Technology Adoption in Swaziland, 1985-1991 AN - 61345307; 9410546 AB - Socioeconomic factors related to farm-level adoption of agricultural technology in Swaziland are examined using data on tractor plow, basal fertilizer, & topdress fertilizer adoption collected in 1985-1991 in 3 separate surveys of 85 households. Farm size, farm labor, output prices, capital availability, education, risk & uncertainty, & draft animal ownership were found to impact adoption of some technology. Other significant findings include: (1) increased labor availability was positively related to increased adoption of all 3 technologies; (2) level of off-farm income was associated with adoption of tractor plowing & use of basal fertilizer; (3) larger farm size was associated with greater use of basal & topdress fertilizers; & (4) reduced objective risk &, thus, greater expectations of output levels, were associated with greater adoption of technology. 4 Tables. D. Generoli JF - Journal of Developing Areas AU - Shields, Martin L AU - Rauniyar, Ganesh P AU - Goode, Frank M AD - Resource & Technology Division Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, 14th St & Independence Ave SW Washington DC 20250-0001 Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 469 EP - 484 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0022-037X, 0022-037X KW - agricultural technology, farm-level adoption, Swaziland KW - socioeconomic factors KW - 1985-1991 household surveys KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Farms KW - Swaziland KW - Agricultural Technology KW - Adoption of Innovations KW - article KW - 1772: sociology of science; sociology of technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61345307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Developing+Areas&rft.atitle=A+Longitudinal+Analysis+of+Factors+Influencing+Increased+Technology+Adoption+in+Swaziland%2C+1985-1991&rft.au=Shields%2C+Martin+L%3BRauniyar%2C+Ganesh+P%3BGoode%2C+Frank+M&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Developing+Areas&rft.issn=0022037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JDARB4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural Technology; Farms; Swaziland; Socioeconomic Factors; Adoption of Innovations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved suction apparatus for plating clay specimens onto ceramic tiles AN - 50336262; 1993-023546 AB - The apparatus is pictured and sketched, and its use is described. JF - Journal of Sedimentary Petrology AU - Rhoton, F E AU - Grissinger, E H AU - Bigham, J M Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 763 EP - 765 PB - Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4472, 0022-4472 KW - clay KW - sample preparation KW - clastic sediments KW - suction apparatus KW - sediments KW - X-ray analysis KW - techniques KW - plating KW - ceramic tiles KW - instruments KW - X-ray diffraction analysis KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50336262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sedimentary+Petrology&rft.atitle=An+improved+suction+apparatus+for+plating+clay+specimens+onto+ceramic+tiles&rft.au=Rhoton%2C+F+E%3BGrissinger%2C+E+H%3BBigham%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Rhoton&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sedimentary+Petrology&rft.issn=00224472&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSEPAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ceramic tiles; clastic sediments; clay; instruments; plating; sample preparation; sediments; suction apparatus; techniques; X-ray analysis; X-ray diffraction analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Conservation Reserve Program: Status, Future, and Policy Options AN - 19166026; 9309601 AB - After Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contracts expire, annual rental payments made by USDA to CRP participants will end and producers will decide the next use of their land. Most CRP acres will either be planted to crops, depending largely on commodity market conditions, placed in annual acreage set-asides, kept in grass for livestock production, or left idle. Land first placed in the CRP will be available for crop production or other uses starting in late 1995. The expiration of CRP contracts raises concerns over the extent of conservation, wildlife and environmental reversals that will occur, particularly if commodity markets are favorable in 1996 and 1997. While the conservation compliance provision of farm legislation will not prevent much CRP land from returning to production, it will moderate increases in soil erosion and onsite productivity losses on most CRP land that is recropped. However, the effectiveness of conservation compliance in protecting water quality is unclear, and it will do little to maintain wildlife habitat benefits currently provided by CRP. Keeping all CRP land under contract currently costs nearly two billion dollars each year. Adoption of something similar to the bid acceptance procedure used for the post-1990 CRP signups offers promise for targeting CRP land under whatever post-contract program Congress might enact. (Brunone-PTT) JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation JSWCA3, Vol. 48, No. 4, p 271-278, July/August 1993. 5 fig, 2 tab, 2 ref. AU - Osborn, T AD - USDA Economic Research Service, Washington DC Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - Jul 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Agriculture KW - *Conservation Reserve Program KW - *Economic aspects KW - *Environmental protection KW - *Erosion control KW - *Federal jurisdiction KW - *Regulations KW - *Soil conservation KW - Contracts KW - Costs KW - Soil erosion KW - Water quality KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19166026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Conservation+Reserve+Program%3A+Status%2C+Future%2C+and+Policy+Options&rft.au=Osborn%2C+T&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sewage Sludge Proteins: I. Extraction Methodology AN - 19152959; 9309718 AB - The extraction and quantitation of sewage sludge proteins is a prerequisite to evaluating their role as labile C and N sources in sludge-amended soil. Extraction methodology was developed for the routine quantitation of sewage sludge proteins. Seven sewage sludges were obtained and prepared by oven drying at 55 C followed by extensive grinding and mixing to produce homogenous samples. Proteins were extracted using H2O, 10% (v/v) Triton X-100 (a non-ionic detergent), and 1 M NaOH, and they were analyzed using the Lowry protein assay with bovine serum albumin standards. Protein contents of extracts ranged from (in g/kg, dry wt. basis): (1) H2O, 1.3 to 24; (2) 10% Triton X-100, 3.6 to 59; and (3) 1 M NaOH, 53 to 280. Water and detergent-extractable proteins were less than, and base-extractable proteins were within, literature values reported for total sludge proteins. The coefficients of variation (CV) for each extractant and all sludges were, with one exception, below 6%. The three methodologies provided precise and reproducible data for the extraction of sewage sludge proteins. The detergent extraction procedure is recommended for routine use because of its shorter extraction time. (See also W93-09719) (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Quality JEVQAA, Vol. 22, No. 3, p 620-624, July/September 1993. 3 tab, 34 ref. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Project No. 15-2924. AU - Lerch, R N AU - Barbarick, KA AU - Azari, P AU - Sommers, LE AU - Westfall, D G AD - Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - Jul 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Analytical methods KW - *Land disposal KW - *Proteins KW - *Sludge analysis KW - *Sludge disposal KW - Carbon KW - Detergents KW - Nitrogen KW - Nutrient sources KW - Reproducibility KW - Sample preparation KW - Separation techniques KW - Soil amendments KW - Solvent extraction KW - Variation coefficient KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19152959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sewage+Sludge+Proteins%3A+I.+Extraction+Methodology&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BBarbarick%2C+KA%3BAzari%2C+P%3BSommers%2C+LE%3BWestfall%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sewage Sludge Proteins: II. Extract Characterization AN - 19146068; 9309719 AB - The characterization of sewage sludge proteins is necessary to better understand their degradation by microbial populations when sludges are utilized for land application. The molecular weights of extractable sewage sludge proteins were characterized by dialysis partitioning and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) separation. Sewage sludges obtained from seven municipalities were extracted using H2O and 1 M NaOH followed by purification and concentration to facilitate molecular weight determinations. Dialysis partitioning of proteins showed that the majority of these compounds had molecular weights <14,000 (i.e., they were not retained by dialysis membrane). The separation of proteins by PAGE also showed that the bulk of H2O and 1 M NaOH soluble proteins were of low molecular weight ( <17,000). This indicated considerable proteolysis during waste treatment processing. Thus, the extractable sludge proteins appeared to be primarily polypeptides and oligopeptides rather than intact proteins. Based on these findings, sludge proteinaceous materials would be expected to degrade rapidly in soil due to the many soil microorganisms capable of utilizing protein degradation products. (See also W93-09718) (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Quality JEVQAA, Vol. 22, No. 3, p 625-629, July/September 1993. 6 fig, 1 tab, 23 ref. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Project No. 15-2924. AU - Lerch, R N AU - Azari, P AU - Barbarick, KA AU - Sommers, LE AU - Westfall, D G AD - Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - Jul 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Analytical methods KW - *Land disposal KW - *Sludge analysis KW - *Sludge disposal KW - *Solvent extraction KW - Dialysis KW - Microbial degradation KW - Molecular weight KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Peptides KW - Proteins KW - Sample preparation KW - Separation techniques KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19146068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sewage+Sludge+Proteins%3A+II.+Extract+Characterization&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BAzari%2C+P%3BBarbarick%2C+KA%3BSommers%2C+LE%3BWestfall%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction between Aluminum Toxicity and Calcium Uptake at the Root Apex in Near-Isogenic Lines of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Differing in Aluminum Tolerance. AN - 1859379135; 12231883 AB - Aluminum (Al) is toxic to plants at pH < 5.0 and can begin to inhibit root growth within 3 h in solution experiments. The mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Disruption of calcium (Ca) uptake by Al has long been considered a possible cause of toxicity, and recent work with wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Thell) has demonstrated that Ca uptake at the root apex in an Al-sensitive cultivar (Scout 66) was inhibited more than in a tolerant cultivar (Atlas 66) (J.W. Huang, J.E. Shaff, D.L. Grunes, L.V. Kochian [1992] Plant Physiol 98: 230-237). We investigated this interaction further in wheat by measuring root growth and Ca uptake in three separate pairs of near-isogenic lines within which plants exhibit differential sensitivity to Al. The vibrating calcium-selective microelectrode technique was used to estimate net Ca uptake at the root apex of 6-d-old seedlings. Following the addition of 20 or 50 [mu]M AlCl3, exchange of Ca for Al in the root apoplasm caused a net Ca efflux from the root for up to 10 min. After 40 min of exposure to 50 [mu]M Al, cell wall exchange had ceased, and Ca uptake in the Al-sensitive plants of the near-isogenic lines was inhibited, whereas in the tolerant plants it was either unaffected or stimulated. This provides a general correlation between the inhibition of growth by Al and the reduction in Ca influx and adds some support to the hypothesis that a Ca/Al interaction may be involved in the primary mechanism of Al toxicity in roots. In some treatments, however, Al was able to inhibit root growth significantly without affecting net Ca influx. This suggests that the correlation between inhibition of Ca uptake and the reduction in root growth may not be a mechanistic association. The inhibition of Ca uptake by Al is discussed, and we speculate about possible mechanisms of tolerance. JF - Plant physiology AU - Ryan, P. R. AU - Kochian, L. V. AD - United States Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 975 EP - 982 VL - 102 IS - 3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859379135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Interaction+between+Aluminum+Toxicity+and+Calcium+Uptake+at+the+Root+Apex+in+Near-Isogenic+Lines+of+Wheat+%28Triticum+aestivum+L.%29+Differing+in+Aluminum+Tolerance.&rft.au=Ryan%2C+P.+R.%3BKochian%2C+L.+V.&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue recovery at PPB levels of 10 nitrosamines from frankfurters by supercritical fluid extraction. AN - 75878626; 8394373 AB - The design of a laboratory-assembled supercritical fluid extractor is described for the efficient recovery of volatile nitrosamines from a common-cured meat product, frankfurters. The principal feature of the apparatus was a newly designed restrictor-collector interface where a commercial solid-phase extraction cartridge was directly attached to the micrometering valve. This reduced the path length between the discharge tube and the 1 g silica gel sorbent bed. The elapsed time for each 2.5 g sample extraction with supercritical CO2 was 17 min. The nitrosamines were separated and detected using a gas-chromatographic chemiluminescence (Thermal Energy Analyzer, Thermedics, Inc.; Woburn, MA) system. Recovery of 10 volatile aliphatic and alicyclic nitrosamines from frankfurters, fortified at the 20 ppb level, ranged from 84.3 to 104.8% with relative standard deviation of 2.34 to 6.13%. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Maxwell, R J AU - Pensabene, J W AU - Fiddler, W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 212 EP - 215 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Nitrosamines KW - 0 KW - Solutions KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Silica Gel KW - 60650-90-0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Volatilization KW - Pressure KW - Nitrosamines -- isolation & purification KW - Meat Products -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75878626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+recovery+at+PPB+levels+of+10+nitrosamines+from+frankfurters+by+supercritical+fluid+extraction.&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+R+J%3BPensabene%2C+J+W%3BFiddler%2C+W&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Melatonin and pineal neurochemicals in steers grazed on endophyte-infected tall fescue: effects of metoclopramide. AN - 75846644; 8392046 AB - Plasma and pineal melatonin (MEL) and selected pineal neurochemicals (5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) associated with MEL synthesis were determined in steers grazing Acremonium coenophialum (endophyte)-infected 'Kentucky-31' tall fescue paddocks. Paddock treatments included low (LE, 33%) or high (HE, 74%) endophyte at either low (134 kg.ha-1 x yr-1, LN) or high (335 kg.ha-1 x yr-1, HN) nitrogen fertilization. Twelve pairs of yearling Angus steers were randomly assigned to three replications of the paddock treatments (LEHN, HEHN, LELN, and HELN). One steer in each of the 12 paddocks received per os either a dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide (MC; 15 mg/kg), or sucrose (S; 15 mg/kg) three times weekly for 10 wk. Blood was collected via jugular cannulas during the day and night for plasma MEL analysis and pineal glands were collected at termination. Day and night plasma MEL in the S/HEHN steers was reduced by 31.7 and 35.4% (P < .05), respectively, compared with that in S/LEHN steers. Mean night plasma MEL in the S/HELN steers was reduced by 26.7% (P < .05) compared with that in S/LELN steers. Metoclopramide reduced mean day and night plasma MEL by 22.9 and 38.3% (P < .05), respectively, in the LEHN steers and increased night MEL in the HELN animals by 35.1% (P < .05). During the day and night, there was a MC x pasture treatment interaction (P < .05). No differences were observed in either pineal MEL or the pineal neurochemicals. Acremonium coenophialum-infected fescue reduced plasma concentrations of MEL in steers, whereas treatment with MC altered plasma MEL biphasically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Porter, J K AU - Stuedemann, J A AU - Thompson, F N AU - Buchanan, B A AU - Tucker, H A AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agriculture Research Center, USDA, Athens, GA 30613. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1526 EP - 1531 VL - 71 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - 5-Hydroxytryptophan KW - C1LJO185Q9 KW - Melatonin KW - JL5DK93RCL KW - Metoclopramide KW - L4YEB44I46 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - N-acetylserotonin KW - P4TO3C82WV KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Acremonium -- growth & development KW - Animal Feed KW - Food Microbiology KW - Serotonin -- biosynthesis KW - Random Allocation KW - Norepinephrine -- biosynthesis KW - Dopamine -- biosynthesis KW - Serotonin -- analogs & derivatives KW - 5-Hydroxytryptophan -- biosynthesis KW - Male KW - Melatonin -- blood KW - Pineal Gland -- metabolism KW - Metoclopramide -- pharmacology KW - Melatonin -- biosynthesis KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Cattle -- blood KW - Pineal Gland -- drug effects KW - Poaceae -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75846644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Melatonin+and+pineal+neurochemicals+in+steers+grazed+on+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue%3A+effects+of+metoclopramide.&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+K%3BStuedemann%2C+J+A%3BThompson%2C+F+N%3BBuchanan%2C+B+A%3BTucker%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research to understand and control Salmonella enteritidis in chickens and eggs. AN - 75823476; 8321820 AB - When it became evident that the association of human Salmonella enteritidis (SE) outbreaks with the consumption of contaminated Grade A eggs posed a threat to public health and to the economic viability of the egg industry, research programs were rapidly initiated to investigate the many unanswered questions about SE in eggs and chickens. Research efforts have focused on the dynamics of deposition, survival, and growth of SE in eggs, the pathogenesis of SE in chickens, strategies for detecting SE-infected flocks, opportunities for intervening to prevent infection, the sources of SE in laying flocks, options for effectively cleaning poultry houses, and the epidemiology of SE infections of humans and chickens. This research has provided a substantially better understanding of the SE problem in poultry, but many further questions about the basis for and the prevention of eggborne transmission of SE remain to be answered. JF - Poultry science AU - Gast, R K AU - Beard, C W AD - USDA, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1157 EP - 1163 VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75823476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Research+to+understand+and+control+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+chickens+and+eggs.&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BBeard%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost-effective techniques to control human enteropathogens on fresh poultry. AN - 75819251; 8321823 AB - Salmonella is a multi-faceted problem that must be attacked on many fronts. The results of Food Safety and Inspection Service's Puerto Rico Bacterial Control Project confirmed that there is no "silver bullet." The project showed that a combination of management commitment, process control, and specific interventions at key control points can bring about significant improvements in the bacterial quality of fresh poultry. JF - Poultry science AU - James, W O AU - Prucha, J C AU - Brewer, R L AD - USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, District of Columbia 20250. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1174 EP - 1176 VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Puerto Rico KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology -- standards KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Poultry -- microbiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75819251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Cost-effective+techniques+to+control+human+enteropathogens+on+fresh+poultry.&rft.au=James%2C+W+O%3BPrucha%2C+J+C%3BBrewer%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of Salmonella and Campylobacter in poultry production. A summary of work at Russell Research Center. AN - 75809568; 8321822 AB - The primary mission of the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit is to develop technology preventing commensal intestinal colonization of chickens by human bacterial enteropathogens, including Salmonella and Campylobacter. The different mechanisms of colonization and the wide variety of sources of these pathogens combined with the different factors that affect host susceptibility to colonization indicate that a multifaceted research approach will be required to control Salmonella and Campylobacter during poultry production. The working hypothesis is that only by delivering chickens free of Salmonella or Campylobacter to the processing plant can significant reductions in the number and levels of contamination of chickens leaving the plant with these pathogens be achieved. As the means are developed to substantially reduce or eliminate the intestinal colonization of chickens by these pathogens, the pathogen-free chickens can be delivered to the processing plant, thereby eliminating or at least reducing the prevalence and levels of Salmonella on processed broilers. JF - Poultry science AU - Bailey, J S AD - USDA, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1169 EP - 1173 VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter Infections -- veterinary KW - Research KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Food Microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75809568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Control+of+Salmonella+and+Campylobacter+in+poultry+production.+A+summary+of+work+at+Russell+Research+Center.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of tobacco NADH-hydroxypyruvate reductase by expression of a heterologous antisense RNA derived from a cucumber cDNA: implications for the mechanism of action of antisense RNAs. AN - 75805234; 8316213 AB - Tobacco plants were genetically transformed to generate antisense RNA from a gene construct comprised of a full-length cucumber NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR) cDNA placed in reverse orientation between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and a nopaline synthase termination/polyadenylation signal sequence. In vivo accumulation of antisense HPR RNA within eight independent transgenic tobacco plants resulted in reductions of up to 50% in both native HPR activity and protein accumulation relative to untransformed tobacco plants (mean transgenote HPR activity = 67% wild type, mean transgenote HPR protein = 63% wild type). However, in contrast to previous reports describing antisense RNA effects in plants, production of the heterologous HPR antisense RNA did not systematically reduce levels of native tobacco HPR mRNA (mean transgenote HPR mRNA level = 135% wild type). Simple regression comparison of the steady-state levels of tobacco HPR mRNA to those of HPR antisense RNA showed a weak positive correlation (r value of 0.548, n = 9; n is wild type control plus eight independent transformants; significant at 85% confidence level), supporting the conclusion that native mRNA levels were not reduced within antisense plants. Although all transgenic antisense plants examined displayed an apparent reduction in both tobacco HPR protein and enzyme activity, there is no clear correlation between HPR activity and the amount of either sense (r = 0.267, n = 9) or antisense RNA (r = 0.175, n = 9). This compares to a weak positive correlation between HPR mRNA levels and the amount of HPR activity observed in wild-type SR1 tobacco plants (r = 0.603, n = 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Molecular & general genetics : MGG AU - Oliver, M J AU - Ferguson, D L AU - Burke, J J AU - Velten, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, Texas 79401. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 425 EP - 434 VL - 239 IS - 3 SN - 0026-8925, 0026-8925 KW - Plant Proteins KW - 0 KW - RNA Probes KW - RNA, Antisense KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Poly A KW - 24937-83-5 KW - Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases KW - EC 1.1.- KW - Glycerate dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.29 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Regression Analysis KW - Plant Proteins -- analysis KW - Enzyme Repression KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics KW - Plasmids KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Poly A -- analysis KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Plants, Genetically Modified -- enzymology KW - Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases -- genetics KW - Genes, Plant KW - RNA, Antisense -- genetics KW - Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases -- biosynthesis KW - RNA, Antisense -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75805234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+tobacco+NADH-hydroxypyruvate+reductase+by+expression+of+a+heterologous+antisense+RNA+derived+from+a+cucumber+cDNA%3A+implications+for+the+mechanism+of+action+of+antisense+RNAs.&rft.au=Oliver%2C+M+J%3BFerguson%2C+D+L%3BBurke%2C+J+J%3BVelten%2C+J&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=239&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.issn=00268925&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Error assessment in the Universal Soil Loss Equation AN - 50343314; 1993-023633 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Risse, L M AU - Nearing, M A AU - Nicks, A D AU - Laflen, J M Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 825 EP - 833 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - models KW - errors KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - runoff KW - statistical analysis KW - erosion rates KW - soil erosion KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50343314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Error+assessment+in+the+Universal+Soil+Loss+Equation&rft.au=Risse%2C+L+M%3BNearing%2C+M+A%3BNicks%2C+A+D%3BLaflen%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Risse&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 6 tables, illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; erosion rates; errors; models; runoff; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; Universal Soil Loss Equation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining completion of excess salt removal from clays; method comparisons AN - 50342246; 1993-023637 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Mekonnen, Eyasu J AU - Nater, Edward A AU - Laird, David A Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 874 EP - 877 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - electrical conductivity KW - chemical analysis KW - cation exchange capacity KW - bentonite KW - techniques KW - aqueous solutions KW - X-ray diffraction analysis KW - clay minerals KW - sedimentary rocks KW - X-ray analysis KW - wet methods KW - sheet silicates KW - ion exchange KW - halloysite KW - clastic rocks KW - 25:Soils KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50342246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Determining+completion+of+excess+salt+removal+from+clays%3B+method+comparisons&rft.au=Mekonnen%2C+Eyasu+J%3BNater%2C+Edward+A%3BLaird%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Mekonnen&rft.aufirst=Eyasu&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=874&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Paper No. 19926 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aqueous solutions; bentonite; cation exchange capacity; chemical analysis; clastic rocks; clay minerals; electrical conductivity; halloysite; ion exchange; sedimentary rocks; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; techniques; wet methods; X-ray analysis; X-ray diffraction analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boron adsorption mechanisms on oxides, clay minerals, and soils inferred from ionic strength effects AN - 50341146; 1993-023624 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Goldberg, Sabine AU - Forster, H S AU - Heick, E L Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 704 EP - 708 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - anions KW - goethite KW - Palexeralfs KW - physicochemical properties KW - mechanism KW - kaolinite KW - adsorption KW - clay minerals KW - Alfisols KW - Durixeralfs KW - oxides KW - sheet silicates KW - boron KW - gibbsite KW - montmorillonite KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50341146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Boron+adsorption+mechanisms+on+oxides%2C+clay+minerals%2C+and+soils+inferred+from+ionic+strength+effects&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Sabine%3BForster%2C+H+S%3BHeick%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=704&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 2 tables, illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; Alfisols; anions; boron; clay minerals; Durixeralfs; gibbsite; goethite; kaolinite; mechanism; montmorillonite; oxides; Palexeralfs; physicochemical properties; sheet silicates; silicates; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved method for quantifying soil macroporosity AN - 50341111; 1993-023632 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Vermeul, V R AU - Istok, J D AU - Flint, A L AU - Pikul, J L, Jr Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 809 EP - 816 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - soils KW - methods KW - properties KW - thin sections KW - porosity KW - northeastern Oregon KW - ground water KW - Umatilla County Oregon KW - morphology KW - Oregon KW - quantitative analysis KW - ultraviolet spectra KW - macroporosity KW - hydrodynamics KW - water regimes KW - spectra KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50341111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=An+improved+method+for+quantifying+soil+macroporosity&rft.au=Vermeul%2C+V+R%3BIstok%2C+J+D%3BFlint%2C+A+L%3BPikul%2C+J+L%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Vermeul&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 2 tables, illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ground water; hydrodynamics; macroporosity; methods; morphology; northeastern Oregon; Oregon; porosity; properties; quantitative analysis; soils; spectra; thin sections; ultraviolet spectra; Umatilla County Oregon; United States; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting soil detachment by raindrops AN - 50340761; 1993-023618 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Sharma, P P AU - Gupta, S C AU - Foster, G R Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 674 EP - 680 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - models KW - erosion KW - rainsplash KW - sedimentation KW - water erosion KW - raindrops KW - erosion rates KW - soil erosion KW - kinetics KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50340761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Predicting+soil+detachment+by+raindrops&rft.au=Sharma%2C+P+P%3BGupta%2C+S+C%3BFoster%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; erosion rates; kinetics; models; raindrops; rainsplash; sedimentation; soil erosion; soils; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using multiple-variable indicator kriging for evaluating soil quality AN - 50339630; 1993-023627 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Smith, Jeffrey L AU - Halvorson, Jonathan J AU - Papendick, Robert I Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 743 EP - 749 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - soils KW - theoretical studies KW - spatial variations KW - statistical analysis KW - kriging KW - mapping KW - geostatistics KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50339630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Using+multiple-variable+indicator+kriging+for+evaluating+soil+quality&rft.au=Smith%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BHalvorson%2C+Jonathan+J%3BPapendick%2C+Robert+I&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geostatistics; kriging; land use; mapping; soils; spatial variations; statistical analysis; theoretical studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Naturally weathered plagioclase grains from the Idaho Batholith; observations using scanning electron microscopy AN - 50339272; 1993-023634 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Inskeep, William P AU - Clayton, James L AU - Mogk, David W Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 851 EP - 860 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - Cryumbrepts KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - central Idaho KW - Cryorthents KW - laboratory studies KW - Valley County Idaho KW - Entisols KW - framework silicates KW - Silver Creek experimental watershed KW - soils KW - Idaho KW - chemical weathering KW - plagioclase KW - pedogenesis KW - experimental studies KW - secondary minerals KW - micromorphology KW - kaolinite KW - weathering KW - clay minerals KW - Idaho Batholith KW - EDAX data KW - X-ray data KW - Inceptisols KW - sheet silicates KW - feldspar group KW - SEM data KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50339272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Naturally+weathered+plagioclase+grains+from+the+Idaho+Batholith%3B+observations+using+scanning+electron+microscopy&rft.au=Inskeep%2C+William+P%3BClayton%2C+James+L%3BMogk%2C+David+W&rft.aulast=Inskeep&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - 5 plates, 2 tables, illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Montana Agricultural Experiment Station Contrib. No. J-2823 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - central Idaho; chemical weathering; clay minerals; Cryorthents; Cryumbrepts; EDAX data; Entisols; experimental studies; feldspar group; framework silicates; Idaho; Idaho Batholith; Inceptisols; kaolinite; laboratory studies; micromorphology; pedogenesis; plagioclase; secondary minerals; SEM data; sheet silicates; silicates; Silver Creek experimental watershed; soils; United States; Valley County Idaho; weathering; X-ray data; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple baluns in parallel probes for time domain reflectometry AN - 50335395; 1993-023617 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Spaans, Egbert J A AU - Baker, John M Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 668 EP - 673 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - baluns KW - electrical conductivity KW - moisture KW - geophysical methods KW - electrical methods KW - time domain analysis KW - applications KW - time domain reflectometry KW - instruments KW - impedance KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50335395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Simple+baluns+in+parallel+probes+for+time+domain+reflectometry&rft.au=Spaans%2C+Egbert+J+A%3BBaker%2C+John+M&rft.aulast=Spaans&rft.aufirst=Egbert+J&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; baluns; electrical conductivity; electrical methods; geophysical methods; impedance; instruments; moisture; time domain analysis; time domain reflectometry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nature of the illitic phase associated with randomly interstratified smectite/illite in soils AN - 50317933; 1993-038804 AB - A dispersion-centrifugation-decantation procedure was used to isolate various particle size fractions from a sample of clay (<2 mu m fraction) separated by sedimentation from the Ap horizon of a Webster soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll). The 0.02-0.06 mu m size fraction was found to be enriched in an illitic phase associated with randomly interstratified smectite/illite. X-ray powder diffraction, chemical analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed that most of the illitic material in the 0.02-0.06 mu m size fraction was composed of two-layer elementary illite particles with a layer charge of -0.47 per formula unit. The results demonstrate that this low-charge illitic phase can be physically separated from soil materials and that the low-charge illitic phase has chemical, morphological, and mineralogical properties that are uniquely different from those of smectite and illite. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Laird, D A AU - Nater, E A Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 280 EP - 287 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - United States KW - soils KW - silicates KW - Minnesota KW - Waseca County Minnesota KW - clay mineralogy KW - smectite KW - illite KW - TEM data KW - clay minerals KW - mineral composition KW - sheet silicates KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - particles KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50317933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=Nature+of+the+illitic+phase+associated+with+randomly+interstratified+smectite%2Fillite+in+soils&rft.au=Laird%2C+D+A%3BNater%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clay mineralogy; clay minerals; illite; mineral composition; Minnesota; mixed-layer minerals; particles; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; soils; TEM data; United States; Waseca County Minnesota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Size of mica domains and distribution of the adsorbed Na-Ca ions AN - 50315641; 1993-038817 AB - Mica domains have received less attention in the literature than smectite quasi-crystals. This study was conducted to determine whether mica crystals form domains in suspension, the conditions in which those domains exist, and the distribution of adsorbed Na and Ca ions in the domains. Particle size distributions and electrophoretic mobilities (EM) of Silver Hill illite in suspension densities of 0.5 g liter (super -1) were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Solutions at salt concentration from 2 to 10 mmol (sub c) liter (super -1) , sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) from 0 to infinity (mmol liter (super -1) ) (super 0.5) , and pH values 5, 7, and 9 were used to prepare the clay suspensions. The particle size of Silver Hill illite suspensions showed a bimodal distribution. Through PCS measurements at low angles, the second peak of the bimodal distribution of the illite was found to be associated with the rotational movement of the b-dimension of the particles. Illite domains broke down in the range of SAR 10 to 15 (mmol liter (super -1) ) (super 0.5) equivalent to exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) of 13 to 18. Illite thus demonstrates a similar stability to smectites that require ESP nearly equal 15 to disaggregate quasi-crystals. The EM of the illite particles increased drastically when the SAR increased from 2 to 10 (mmol liter (super -1) ) (super 0.5) . This increase in EM could not be explained exclusively by the change in the particle size. Cation demixing is required to explain the increase of the zeta potential at the shear plane. The EM of the Silver Hill illite was doubled when the pH increased from 5 to 9 at SAR > 15, but no pH effect was found when SAR 15 can be understood if we consider that at SAR > 15 most of the particles are single platelets. The relative importance of variable charge on single platelets or crystals is apparently greater than on domains because the pH affected the mobility of the individual crystals but not the mobility of the domains. The combination of particle size distribution and EM data gives additional information about the zero point of charge of the variable charge, also called point of zero net proton charge (PZNPC) of the clay. For Silver Hill illite, we estimate a PZNPC value between 5 and 7. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Lebron, I AU - Suarez, D L AU - Amrhein, C AU - Strong, J E Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 380 EP - 388 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - silicates KW - calcium KW - alkaline earth metals KW - cation exchange capacity KW - domains KW - clay mineralogy KW - alkali metals KW - illite KW - adsorption KW - sodium KW - mica group KW - metals KW - chemical properties KW - sheet silicates KW - ion exchange KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50315641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=Size+of+mica+domains+and+distribution+of+the+adsorbed+Na-Ca+ions&rft.au=Lebron%2C+I%3BSuarez%2C+D+L%3BAmrhein%2C+C%3BStrong%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Lebron&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; calcium; cation exchange capacity; chemical properties; clay mineralogy; domains; illite; ion exchange; metals; mica group; sheet silicates; silicates; sodium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reservoir sedimentation rates linked to long-term changes in agricultural land use AN - 50103924; 1995-064262 JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - McIntyre, Sherwood C Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 487 EP - 495 PB - American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - isotopes KW - sedimentation KW - alkali metals KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - effects KW - nonpoint sources KW - Oklahoma KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Cs-137 KW - cesium KW - sedimentation rates KW - metals KW - interpretation KW - water resources KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50103924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Reservoir+sedimentation+rates+linked+to+long-term+changes+in+agricultural+land+use&rft.au=McIntyre%2C+Sherwood+C&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=Sherwood&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; alkali metals; cesium; Cs-137; effects; hydrology; interpretation; isotopes; land use; metals; nonpoint sources; Oklahoma; pollution; radioactive isotopes; sedimentation; sedimentation rates; United States; water resources; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation Partnerships for Coldwater Fisheries Habitat AN - 19153518; 9307988 AB - The Forest Service (FS) of the US Department of Agriculture and Trout Unlimited (TU) implemented a national partnership in 1987 to enhance the conservation and management of cold-water fisheries and their ecosystems. Professional fisheries scientists and conservation volunteers work together across the United States to manage, enhance, and monitor a world-class fisheries resource. Fisheries resources on National Forest System lands include habitats on some 161,000 km of waterways, 890,000 ha of lakes and 26,500 km of coastline, amount to 50% of all the trout and salmon habitat in the US. This unique national partnership spans some 475 TU chapters involving 70,000 volunteers working on 125 National Forests and 682 Ranger Districts providing a formidable work force for conservation activities. Since the FS-TU agreement took place, local and regional supplemental agreements have been implemented in 22 states covering 22 TU councils (274 chapters) and 99 National Forests (483 Ranger Districts). TU has become an effective partner and a prime supporter in getting management and budgetary reform built into the FS 'Rise to the Future' national fisheries program. The FS and TU have effectively bridged the gap between former outside partners, and are now working partners or shareholders for the benefit of cold-water fisheries resource management. TU has become more technically aware and educated in fisheries management, and the FS has benefitted from more public involvement and concern in fisheries management, and the FS has benefitted from more public involvement and concern for the resource. Involved partnerships have helped foster better stewardship for management of cold-water fisheries resources across the nation in National Forest waters. (See also W9307981) (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of the North American Benthological Society JNASEC, Vol. 12, No. 2, p 206-210, June 1993. AU - Duff, DA AD - USDA Forest Service, 125 South State Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84138 Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - Jun 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Aquatic habitats KW - *Conservation KW - *Conservation organizations KW - *Environmental protection KW - *Forest Service KW - *Interagency cooperation KW - *Stream fisheries KW - *Trout Unlimited KW - Coastal waters KW - Fish management KW - Lakes KW - National forests KW - Salmon KW - Streams KW - Trout KW - Water resources management KW - Wildlife management KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19153518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conservation+Partnerships+for+Coldwater+Fisheries+Habitat&rft.au=Duff%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Duff&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Tn4560 to generate nikkomycin non-producing mutants of Streptomyces tendae. AN - 75870566; 8393414 AB - Transposon Tn4560 was used to generate three nikkomycin non-producing mutants in Streptomyces tendae ATCC 31160. Southern hybridization confirmed that Tn4560 was present in 10-12-kb BamHI fragments of the chromosomes of the mutants. Biologically active nikkomycins were not detected in culture broths of the mutants as determined by bioassays and HPLC. Differences in the HPLC profiles of culture broths suggest that Tn4560 inserted into different genes in the mutants. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Engel, P AU - Wright, M S AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124. Y1 - 1993/05/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 15 SP - 257 EP - 261 VL - 109 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Aminoglycosides KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - nikkomycin KW - 9Z22C3QQCJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Streptomyces -- metabolism KW - Streptomyces -- genetics KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75870566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Use+of+Tn4560+to+generate+nikkomycin+non-producing+mutants+of+Streptomyces+tendae.&rft.au=Engel%2C+P%3BWright%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-05-15&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-02 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved thin-layer chromatographic detection of diethylstilbestrol and zeranol in plasma and tissues isolated with alumina and ion-exchange membrane columns in tandem. AN - 75816044; 8314945 AB - Clean-up procedures for the isolation of zeranol and diethylstilbestrol (DES) were modified to reduce the analysis time and to increase the efficiency of purification. Several dyes (Fast Blue BB, Fast Corinth V, Fast Blue RR, Fast Blue B, Fast Red Violet B and Fast Violet B) were evaluated, and their minimum detectabilities were determined. Conditions for non-instrumental, semi-quantitative thin-layer chromatography were optimized. Zeranol and DES in plasma and tissues were determined using modified procedures. Enzyme digestion brought about significant improvement in detectabilities of zeranol and DES in both fortified and incurred plasma, serum and tissues. Minimum detectabilities for zeranol and DES were 25 ppb in fortified plasma and tissues. The amount of incurred zeranol measured in the serum of an experimental cow was increased four times, i.e. from 50 to 200 ppb, after protease digestion. Glucuronidase digestion showed an eight-fold increase in detection of incurred zeranol levels in bovine liver eight times. These results suggest that digestion releases zeranol and DES from protein and glucuronide complexes, thereby allowing detection of low levels of zeranol and DES which may not be detectable without digestion. Further modification of the purification with an ion-exchange membrane reduced the analysis time by 25%, and the membranes were regenerated up to ten times without loss of activity, allowing an automated process. This method utilizes inexpensive equipment and avoids use of organic solvent, in this case diethyl ether. JF - Journal of chromatography AU - Medina, M B AU - Nagdy, N AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Philadelphia, PA 19118. Y1 - 1993/05/05/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 05 SP - 315 EP - 323 VL - 614 IS - 2 KW - Azo Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Diazonium Compounds KW - Ion Exchange Resins KW - Fast Blue BB KW - 15518-68-0 KW - fast corinth V salt KW - 47300-91-4 KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - 731DCA35BT KW - Zeranol KW - 76LO2L2V39 KW - Glucuronidase KW - EC 3.2.1.31 KW - Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Aluminum Oxide KW - LMI26O6933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Glucuronidase -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Hot Temperature KW - Cattle KW - Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Zeranol -- blood KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- analysis KW - Zeranol -- analysis KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75816044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.atitle=Improved+thin-layer+chromatographic+detection+of+diethylstilbestrol+and+zeranol+in+plasma+and+tissues+isolated+with+alumina+and+ion-exchange+membrane+columns+in+tandem.&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B%3BNagdy%2C+N&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-05-05&rft.volume=614&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiotelemetry temperature responses of mammary gland and body to intramammary injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin or Streptococcus agalactiae in lactating dairy cows. AN - 75802670; 8317774 AB - To investigate the feasibility of using changes in body or mammary temperature to detect mastitis, radiotransmitters were implanted midway between rear udder quarters and in the peritoneal cavity of 5 Holstein cows (1 to 3 months in lactation) housed in an environmental chamber (16 +/- 2 C; lights on 7:00 AM to 11:00 PM). After a 6-week control period, Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.5 mg) was injected after the morning milking into left rear teat cisterns via the teat canal. Wisconsin mastitis test score and somatic cell count in all quarters increased significantly (P < 0.01) by the next milking. Effects were greatest in the endotoxin-exposed quarters. Milk yields for all quarters decreased significantly (P < 0.01) by the first milking after endotoxin injection. Udder and body temperatures at milkings were similar and were not affected by treatment. When temperatures were averaged for the 5 cows for each of 120 time points/d, average temperatures, relative to time of injection of endotoxin, were increased by 0.5 C above baseline at 2.75 hours, peaked at +2.9 C at 6.50 hours, and remained high through 9.25 hours after injection. Power spectra calculated for individual cows on a daily basis universally indicated an increase in power at low frequencies on the day of injection. Subsequently, Streptococcus agalactiae (200 colony-forming units) was injected into right rear teat cisterns. Wisconsin mastitis test score increased at the second milking after injection. Cell count and quarter milk yield decreased by the third milking. As with endotoxin, injection of S agalactiae could not be detected via a change in temperature at milkings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Lefcourt, A M AU - Bitman, J AU - Wood, D L AU - Stroud, B AU - Schultze, W D AD - USDA, Livestock and Poultry Science Institute, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 798 EP - 804 VL - 54 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Endotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Milk -- secretion KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Milk -- drug effects KW - Telemetry -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- drug effects KW - Body Temperature KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- physiology KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - Escherichia coli KW - Endotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Endotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75802670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Radiotelemetry+temperature+responses+of+mammary+gland+and+body+to+intramammary+injection+of+Escherichia+coli+endotoxin+or+Streptococcus+agalactiae+in+lactating+dairy+cows.&rft.au=Lefcourt%2C+A+M%3BBitman%2C+J%3BWood%2C+D+L%3BStroud%2C+B%3BSchultze%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Lefcourt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=798&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the cytotoxicities of Fusarium metabolites and Alternaria metabolite AAL-toxin to cultured mammalian cell lines. AN - 75801389; 8507101 AB - Four water-soluble Fusarium metabolites (fumonisin B1, fusaric acid, butenolide and moniliformin), water-insoluble pigment (8-O-methylbostrycoidin), and an Alternaria metabolite (AAL-toxin) were tested for relative cytotoxicity to five established mammalian cell lines. Butenolide was the most cytotoxic to all five cell lines. LC50s were; 1 microgram/ml to rat hepatoma (RH) (tumors derived from parenchymal cells), 7 micrograms/ml to baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) fibroblast cells, and 15 micrograms/ml to McCoy mouse (MM) fibroblast cells: LC100s were 1 microgram/ml to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblast cells, and 5 micrograms/ml to dog kidney (MDCK) fibroblast cells. Fusaric acid was cytotoxic to the MDCK, MM, RH, and CHO cell lines; moniliformin was cytotoxic to the RH, CHO, and MDCK, cell lines. The pigment, however, was cytotoxic only to RH and CHO cell lines. Fumonisin B1 and a related toxin, AAL-toxin, at a high dose level (100 micrograms/ml) were not cytotoxic to the RH, BHK, MM, CHO and MDCK cell lines. T-2 toxin was used as a positive control, and inhibited all cell lines at the nanogram level. The difference in response of these five cell lines to the toxic metabolites, that were noted in this study, was then used to evaluate nine HPLC fractions obtained from a methanol-water extract of an F. moniliforme culture. The results indicated that this type of cytotoxicity assay may be useful in following the isolation of metabolites from extracts of Fusarium culture, especially F. moniliforme. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Vesonder, R F AU - Gasdorf, H AU - Peterson, R E AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 473 EP - 477 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Alternaria alternata pathotoxin TA KW - 0 KW - Cyclobutanes KW - Furans KW - Mycotoxins KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - butenolide KW - 8KXK25H388 KW - Fusaric Acid KW - JWJ963070N KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - 4-Butyrolactone KW - OL659KIY4X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Fusaric Acid -- toxicity KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Furans -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - 4-Butyrolactone -- analogs & derivatives KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Alternaria -- pathogenicity KW - Alternaria -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75801389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+cytotoxicities+of+Fusarium+metabolites+and+Alternaria+metabolite+AAL-toxin+to+cultured+mammalian+cell+lines.&rft.au=Vesonder%2C+R+F%3BGasdorf%2C+H%3BPeterson%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Vesonder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and cholesterol oxidation by Mycobacterium species in Tween 80 medium. AN - 75797967; 8517738 AB - Mycobacterium strain DP was isolated from marine coastal sediment and tested for its ability to oxidize cholesterol in Tween 80-cholesterol (2.59 mM) medium. Strain DP degraded cholesterol to 4-cholesten-3-one (cholestenone), 4-androsten-3,17-dione (AD), 1,4-androstadien-3,17-dione (ADD), testosterone, and 1-dehydrotestosterone (DHT). Cholesterol disappeared in about 4 days. Cholestenone, AD, testosterone, and DHT accumulations were transient with peak concentrations of 300, 600, 30 to 40, and 21 microM. ADD production peaked after 6 days with a concentration of 1,100 microM. Peak ADD concentrations and production rates compared well with those reported for strain NRRL B3683 on cyclodextrin medium. Tween 80 medium was superior to finely dispersed cholesterol particles for both strains. In comparison, NRRL B3683 (patented for its ability to accumulate AD and ADD) on Tween 80 medium transiently accumulated more AD (approximately 1,000 microM) than did strain DP, but ADD accumulations (200 microM) were significantly lower than those for strain DP. Strain DP could be adapted to grow on ADD, which was initially inhibitory at 3.25 mM. ADD-adapted strain DP cultures produced approximately four times as much DHT from ADD than unadapted cultures did from cholesterol, showing that additional manipulation might enhance testosterone production. We believe that ADD toxicity might account for the low ADD accumulations by NRRL B3683 in Tween 80 medium. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Smith, M AU - Zahnley, J AU - Pfeifer, D AU - Goff, D AD - Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 1425 EP - 1429 VL - 59 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Androstadienes KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Polysorbates KW - 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione KW - 2166Q8568W KW - Androstenedione KW - 409J2J96VR KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Cholesterol Oxidase KW - EC 1.1.3.6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Androstadienes -- metabolism KW - Biotransformation KW - Kinetics KW - Temperature KW - Cholesterol Oxidase -- metabolism KW - Androstenedione -- metabolism KW - Androstadienes -- toxicity KW - Mycobacterium -- growth & development KW - Mycobacterium -- drug effects KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75797967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Growth+and+cholesterol+oxidation+by+Mycobacterium+species+in+Tween+80+medium.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M%3BZahnley%2C+J%3BPfeifer%2C+D%3BGoff%2C+D&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Am Chem Soc. 1967 Apr 12;89(8):1956-7 [6040527] Appl Microbiol. 1972 Jan;23(1):72-7 [5059623] Microbios. 1975;12(50):199-207 [240103] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1992 Feb;36(5):598-603 [1368063] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Aug 29;753(1):60-4 [6882787] J Lipid Res. 1983 Nov;24(11):1500-11 [6655367] J Steroid Biochem. 1976 Sep;7(9):705-13 [790024] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Milk production in Brahman and Angus cows on endophyte-infected fescue and common bermudagrass. AN - 75771773; 8505242 AB - Daily milk yield and milk fat were estimated by method of milking machine in 60 Angus and 60 Brahman cows grazing common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected fescue during a 3-yr period. Averaged over monthly estimates, there was evidence (P .15). There were significant dam breed effects on both percentage of milk fat and daily milk fat yield; Brahman exceeded Angus by .68% (P < .01) and 34.3 g/d (P < .01), respectively. There were significant forage effects for both percentage of milk fat and daily milk fat yield; common bermudagrass exceeded tall fescue by .5% (P < .01) and 62.3 g/d (P < .01), respectively. These data indicate that incorporation of Brahman germplasm into a grazing system that uses endophyte-infected fescue may be beneficial in daily milk yield but will probably not prevent decreases in milk fat production associated with grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Brown, M A AU - Tharel, L M AU - Brown, A H AU - Jackson, W G AU - Miesner, J R AD - South Central Family Farm Research Center, ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 1117 EP - 1122 VL - 71 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Lipids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Breeding KW - Seasons KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Lipids -- analysis KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Animal Feed -- adverse effects KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Lactation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75771773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Milk+production+in+Brahman+and+Angus+cows+on+endophyte-infected+fescue+and+common+bermudagrass.&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+A%3BTharel%2C+L+M%3BBrown%2C+A+H%3BJackson%2C+W+G%3BMiesner%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - English yew poisoning in 43 cattle. AN - 75744566; 8098701 AB - Thirty-five privately owned 1- to 2-year-old mixed-breed steers and heifers, weighing 340 to 454 kg, died from accidental ingestion of English yew (Taxus baccata). Estimated dosages ranged from 0.36 to 0.70 g of fresh plant/kg of body weight. Clinical signs of poisoning and death began 2 to 3 hours after first exposure, and cattle continued to have clinical signs, which ended in death 6 to 8 hours later. Most cattle had died by 4 hours after first ingestion. Necropsy of 4 cattle revealed substantial amounts of English yew leaves and small stems in the rumen contents. Grossly, there were areas of hyperemia in the abomasum and small intestine. Histologically, lesions were limited to the lungs and included moderate congestion and interlobular edema. Chemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography of suspected yew plant material from the rumen contents of the 4 necropsied cattle was compared to authentic taxol, and confirmed the presence of taxol in rumen samples. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Panter, K E AU - Molyneux, R J AU - Smart, R A AU - Mitchell, L AU - Hansen, S AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1993/05/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 01 SP - 1476 EP - 1477 VL - 202 IS - 9 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Gastrointestinal Contents -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Rumen KW - Paclitaxel -- analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Plant Poisoning -- pathology KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Cattle Diseases -- pathology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75744566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=English+yew+poisoning+in+43+cattle.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BSmart%2C+R+A%3BMitchell%2C+L%3BHansen%2C+S&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of copper status: effect of age and gender on reference ranges in healthy adults. AN - 75718850; 8387409 AB - We measured major indices related to copper nutritional status in 55 men and 86 women between ages 20 and 83 years who were in apparent good health. Plasma copper concentrations and both immunoreactive and enzymatically measured ceruloplasmin were significantly higher in women than in men and were higher in women taking oral contraceptives. Plasma copper, immunoreactive ceruloplasmin, and cytochrome-c oxidase in platelets and mononucleated leukocytes tended to increase with age. The ratio of enzymatic to immunoreactive ceruloplasmin, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, and 67Cu uptake by erythrocytes were not significantly affected by either age or gender. Thus, factors other than copper nutriture--such as age, gender, and hormone use--need to be considered when using many of these indicators to evaluate copper nutritional status. JF - Clinical chemistry AU - Milne, D B AU - Johnson, P E AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 883 EP - 887 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0009-9147, 0009-9147 KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - 0 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Ceruloplasmin KW - EC 1.16.3.1 KW - Electron Transport Complex IV KW - EC 1.9.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- adverse effects KW - Reference Values KW - Ceruloplasmin -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Leukocytes, Mononuclear -- metabolism KW - Electron Transport Complex IV -- blood KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Blood Platelets -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Nutritional Status KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Copper -- blood KW - Aging -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75718850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+copper+status%3A+effect+of+age+and+gender+on+reference+ranges+in+healthy+adults.&rft.au=Milne%2C+D+B%3BJohnson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+chemistry&rft.issn=00099147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Equal mobility on Goodwin Creek AN - 52752105; 1997-021640 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Kuhnle, R A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 158 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 74 IS - 16, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - stream transport KW - sediment transport KW - shear stress KW - grain size KW - sedimentation KW - Mississippi KW - channels KW - rates KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - distribution KW - flows KW - time factor KW - mobility KW - Goodwin Creek KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52752105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Equal+mobility+on+Goodwin+Creek&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+R+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kuhnle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=16%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1993 spring meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; channels; distribution; flows; fluvial sedimentation; Goodwin Creek; grain size; hydrology; Mississippi; mobility; rates; sediment transport; sedimentation; shear stress; stream transport; time factor; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in particle size between bedload and bed material in natural gravel-bed channels AN - 52751138; 1997-021642 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Lisle, T E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 158 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 74 IS - 16, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - scour KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - stream transport KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - grain size KW - channels KW - gravel KW - distribution KW - gravel-bed streams KW - sediments KW - velocity KW - streams KW - discharge KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52751138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Differences+in+particle+size+between+bedload+and+bed+material+in+natural+gravel-bed+channels&rft.au=Lisle%2C+T+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=16%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1993 spring meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; channels; clastic sediments; discharge; distribution; erosion; grain size; gravel; gravel-bed streams; hydrology; scour; sediment transport; sediments; stream transport; streams; velocity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluvial transport of sand and gravel mixtures with bimodal size distributions AN - 50335482; 1993-027072 AB - Initiation of motion and fractional transport rates of sediments with bimodal size distributions were measured in a laboratory channel and in a natural channel. Transport experiments were conducted with unimodal 100% sand and 100% gravel bed sediments and three bimodal mixtures of the two sediments: 10% gravel-90% sand, 25% gravel-75% sand, and 45% gravel-55% sand. In the bimodal sediment beds the critical shear stress for the initiation of motion showed very little change with grain size for the sand sizes, but increased with grain size for the gravel sizes. For low flow strengths, only the sand sizes were in transport, while for the highest flow strengths the bed load sediment size distribution approached that of the bed material. JF - Sedimentary Geology AU - Kuhnle, Roger A A2 - Fielding, Christopher R. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 17 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 85 IS - 1-4 SN - 0037-0738, 0037-0738 KW - sand KW - size distribution KW - sediment transport KW - erosion KW - clastic sediments KW - statistical analysis KW - sediments KW - sedimentation KW - channels KW - gravel KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50335482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sedimentary+Geology&rft.atitle=Fluvial+transport+of+sand+and+gravel+mixtures+with+bimodal+size+distributions&rft.au=Kuhnle%2C+Roger+A&rft.aulast=Kuhnle&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sedimentary+Geology&rft.issn=00370738&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00370738 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 5th international conference on Fluvial sedimentology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SEGEBX N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; clastic sediments; erosion; fluvial sedimentation; gravel; sand; sediment transport; sedimentation; sediments; size distribution; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Regulation of Groundwater Quality with Delayed Responses AN - 19161180; 9307777 AB - An important class of natural resource problems exist where the effect of a decision variable on the resource stock is not instantaneous. Problems of this type are common with agricultural practices that result in nonpoint source pollution. In pollution problems such as these, the task of designing corrective policies requires regulation of pollution at some point in time that accounts for the expected future effects of agricultural production practices. Most existing models of pollution control assume that social costs (and benefits) are instantaneously generated from nonpoint source production or consumption activities. A dynamic model was developed of input regulation in the presence of externalities that do not occur simultaneously with input use. The model was formulated to study the regulation of firms that apply fertilizer, where leachate from the application of fertilizer accumulates in groundwater over time. In the model an optimal nitrogen user fee was derived along with the consequences of regulatory design when time lags between nitrogen application and nitrate contamination are present. A multistage control procedure was developed to solve a class of problems such as a time lag in the effect of a control on the stock of a resource, or in pollution regulation models where there are time lags in the nutrient transport process. The solution procedure is similar to multistage multiple control techniques, but uses backward deduction. (Agostine-PTT) JF - Water Resources Research WRERAQ, Vol. 29, No. 5, p 1369-1377, May 1993. 1 fig, 21 ref. AU - Kim, C S AU - Hostetler, J AU - Amacher, G AD - Water Branch, Resources and Technology Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Groundwater protection KW - *Model studies KW - *Nonpoint pollution sources KW - *Regulations KW - *Water pollution control KW - Agricultural practices KW - Decision making KW - Fertilizers KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Leachates KW - Nitrogen KW - Nutrient transport KW - Policy making KW - Social aspects KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19161180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Regulation+of+Groundwater+Quality+with+Delayed+Responses&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BHostetler%2C+J%3BAmacher%2C+G&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aluminum Effects on Calcium (45Ca2+) Translocation in Aluminum-Tolerant and Aluminum-Sensitive Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars (Differential Responses of the Root Apex versus Mature Root Regions). AN - 1859379645; 12231799 AB - The influence of Al exposure on long-distance Ca2+ translocation from specific root zones (root apex or mature root) to the shoot was studied in intact seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Al-tolerant Atlas 66 and Al-sensitive Scout 66). Seedlings were grown in 100 [mu]M CaCl2 solution (pH 4.5) for 3 d. Subsequently, a divided chamber technique using 45Ca2+-labeled solutions (100 [mu]M CaCl2 with or without 5 or 20 [mu]M AlCl3, pH 4.5) was used to study Ca2+ translocation from either the terminal 5 to 10 mm of the root or a 10-mm region of intact root approximately 50 mm behind the root apex. The Al concentrations used, which were toxic to Scout 66, caused a significant inhibition of Ca2+ translocation from the apical region of Scout 66 roots. The same Al exposures had a much smaller effect on root apical Ca2+ translocation in Atlas 66. When a 10-mm region of the mature root was exposed to 45Ca2+, smaller genotypic differences in the Al effects effects on Ca2+ translocation were observed, because the degree of Al-induced inhibition of Ca2+ translocation was less than that at the root apex. Exposure of the root apex to Al inhibited root elongation by 70 to 99% in Scout 66 but had a lesser effect (less than 40% inhibition) in Atlas 66. When a mature root region was exposed to Al, root elongation was not significantly affected in either cultivar. These results demonstrate that genotypic differences in Al-induced inhibition of Ca2+ translocation and root growth are localized primarily in the root apex. The pattern of Ca2+ translocation within the intact root was mainly basipetal, with most of the absorbed Ca2+ translocated toward the shoot. A small amount of acropetal Ca2+ translocation from the mature root regions to the apex was also observed, which accounted for less than 5% of the total Ca2+ translocation within the entire root. Because Ca2+ translocation toward the root apex is limited, most of the Ca2+ needed for normal cellular function in the apex must be absorbed from the external solution. Thus, continuous Al disruption of Ca2+ absorption into cells of the root apex could alter Ca2+ nutrition and homeostasis in these cells and could play a pivotal role in the mechanisms of Al toxicity in Al-sensitive wheat cultivars. JF - Plant physiology AU - Huang, J. W. AU - Grunes, D. L. AU - Kochian, L. V. AD - Department of Soil, Crop, and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University (J.W.H.), and United States Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (D.L.G., L.V.K.). Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 85 EP - 93 VL - 102 IS - 1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859379645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Aluminum+Effects+on+Calcium+%2845Ca2%2B%29+Translocation+in+Aluminum-Tolerant+and+Aluminum-Sensitive+Wheat+%28Triticum+aestivum+L.%29+Cultivars+%28Differential+Responses+of+the+Root+Apex+versus+Mature+Root+Regions%29.&rft.au=Huang%2C+J.+W.%3BGrunes%2C+D.+L.%3BKochian%2C+L.+V.&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=1532-2548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates on aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. AN - 75704592; 8386839 AB - In three experiments, three different hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) were incorporated into chick diets (.5%) containing either 0 or 5.0 (Experiments 1 and 2) or 0 or 2.5 (Experiment 3) mg/kg aflatoxin (AF). Male broiler chicks consumed their respective diets and water ad libitum from 1 to 21 days of age. When compared with controls, body weights in chicks receiving 5.0 mg AF/kg were reduced by 214 g in Experiment 1 and 220 g in Experiment 2. The addition of .5% of the HSCAS compounds significantly diminished the growth inhibitory effects caused by AF by 39 to 68% in Experiment 1, by 46 to 88% in Experiment 2, and by 38 to 90% in Experiment 3. The increases in relative organ weights and the decreases in serum biochemical values caused by AF were significantly diminished to differing degrees by all three of the HSCAS compounds. These data demonstrate that these specific HSCAS compounds can be protective against the effects of AF in young growing broilers and further emphasizes the fact that all silicate-type sorbents are not equal in their ability to protect against aflatoxicosis. It also seems possible to specially process compounds to increase their efficacy for protection against the toxicity of AF. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Phillips, T D AU - Clement, B A AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 651 EP - 657 VL - 72 IS - 4 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - Zeolites KW - 1318-02-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Blood Chemical Analysis KW - Animal Feed KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Aluminum Silicates -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Aflatoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75704592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+hydrated+sodium+calcium+aluminosilicates+on+aflatoxicosis+in+broiler+chicks.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BClement%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elimination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meats by gamma irradiation. AN - 75688368; 8476281 AB - Undercooked and raw meat has been linked to outbreaks of hemorrhagic diarrhea due to the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7; therefore, treatment with ionizing radiation was investigated as a potential method for the elimination of this organism. Response-surface methods were used to study the effects of irradiation dose (0 to 2.0 kGy), temperature (-20 to +20 degrees C), and atmosphere (air and vacuum) on E. coli O157:H7 in mechanically deboned chicken meat. Differences in irradiation dose and temperature significantly affected the results. Ninety percent of the viable E. coli in chicken meat was eliminated by doses of 0.27 kGy at +5 degrees C and 0.42 kGy at -5 degrees C. Small, but significant, differences in radiation resistance by E. coli were found when finely ground lean beef rather than chicken was the substrate. Unlike nonirradiated samples, no measurable verotoxin was found in finely ground lean beef which had been inoculated with 10(4.8) CFU of E. coli O157:H7 per g, irradiated at a minimum dose of 1.5 kGy, and temperature abused at 35 degrees C for 20 h. Irradiation is an effective method to control this food-borne pathogen. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Thayer, D W AU - Boyd, G AD - Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 1030 EP - 1034 VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Gamma Rays KW - Meat KW - Food Microbiology KW - Temperature KW - Food Irradiation KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- prevention & control KW - Escherichia coli -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75688368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Elimination+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+meats+by+gamma+irradiation.&rft.au=Thayer%2C+D+W%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1030&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-18 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Radiat Res. 1978 Dec;76(3):624-32 [216051] J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Sep;18(3):512-20 [6355145] Radiat Res. 1987 Aug;111(2):354-60 [2819936] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Oct;53(10):2394-6 [3322190] Poult Sci. 1991 Apr;70(4):1026-33 [1876539] Radiat Res. 1987 Feb;109(2):256-74 [3544010] J Bacteriol. 1952 Jun;63(6):805-11 [14938343] Bacteriol Rev. 1955 Mar;19(1):22-44 [14363075] Poult Sci. 1991 Feb;70(2):381-8 [2027844] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flatpea intoxication in sheep and indications of ruminal adaptation. AN - 75678350; 8470353 AB - This paper describes the signs of toxicity when seed-bearing flatpea (Lathyrus sylvestris L) hay is fed to sheep. Signs of intoxication (including seizure, muscular trembling and spasmotic torticollis) are similar to those observed for ammonia toxicity in ruminants. Accumulation of ammonia may be a direct consequence of flatpea ingestion, given that 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DABA, a toxic constituent of flatpea) is known to inhibit hepatic urea synthesis. However, other modes of toxicity for DABA as well as other flatpea toxins may also contribute to this process of intoxication. Our evidence suggests that ruminal microbes are responsible for flatpea detoxification and host animal protection. The adaptation of sheep to flatpea may be a consequence of enhanced ruminal detoxification activity. Ruminal protective functions can be disrupted, however, through abrupt monensin feeding or the replacement of nonadapted for adapted rumen contents. This disruption temporarily suppresses mechanisms of ruminal detoxification. As a consequence sheep can again be made vulnerable to flatpea intoxication. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Rasmussen, M A AU - Allison, M J AU - Foster, J G AD - National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa 50010. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 123 EP - 127 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Monensin KW - 906O0YJ6ZP KW - Index Medicus KW - Sheep Diseases -- blood KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- etiology KW - Animals KW - Monensin -- toxicity KW - Plant Poisoning -- blood KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Sheep Diseases -- etiology KW - Adaptation, Biological KW - Fabaceae -- toxicity KW - Animal Feed -- toxicity KW - Sheep KW - Plants, Medicinal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75678350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Flatpea+intoxication+in+sheep+and+indications+of+ruminal+adaptation.&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+M+A%3BAllison%2C+M+J%3BFoster%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of erosion using the radionuclide caesium-137 in three diverse, environmentally sensitive areas in eastern Australia AN - 50320635; 1993-028867 JF - Applied Geography (Sevenoaks) AU - Loughran, R J AU - Elliott, G L AU - Campbell, B L AU - Curtis, S J AU - Cummings, D AU - Shelly, D J Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 169 EP - 188 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, Sevenoaks VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0143-6229, 0143-6229 KW - soils KW - Australasia KW - isotopes KW - erosion KW - alkali metals KW - New South Wales Australia KW - erosion rates KW - Victoria Australia KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Cs-137 KW - cesium KW - metals KW - Australia KW - soil erosion KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50320635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geography+%28Sevenoaks%29&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+erosion+using+the+radionuclide+caesium-137+in+three+diverse%2C+environmentally+sensitive+areas+in+eastern+Australia&rft.au=Loughran%2C+R+J%3BElliott%2C+G+L%3BCampbell%2C+B+L%3BCurtis%2C+S+J%3BCummings%2C+D%3BShelly%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Loughran&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geography+%28Sevenoaks%29&rft.issn=01436229&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01436228 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; Australasia; Australia; cesium; Cs-137; erosion; erosion rates; isotopes; metals; New South Wales Australia; radioactive isotopes; soil erosion; soils; Victoria Australia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucose and zinc concentration influence fusarin C synthesis, ethanol synthesis and lipid composition in Fusarium moniliforme submerged cultures. AN - 75680039; 8472926 AB - A fusarin C-producing Fusarium moniliforme strain was grown in submerged culture with defined media containing differing amounts of glucose (30 g/l or 90 g/l) and zinc (5 ppb or 3200 ppb). The influence of zinc on fusarin C synthesis and lipid composition was dependent on the initial glucose concentration. In cultures supplied with 30 g/l glucose, zinc inhibited fusarin C and lipid synthesis by diverting common substrates to ethanol synthesis. Zinc-supplemented cultures with 90 g/l glucose had ample carbon substrate to produce both ethanol and fusarin C. More total lipid with a higher unsaturated fatty acid content (more oleic acid and less stearic acid) was found in F. moniliforme biomass produced in zinc-deficient media. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Jackson, M A AU - Lanser, A C AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604. Y1 - 1993/03/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Mar 15 SP - 69 EP - 73 VL - 108 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Lipids KW - Polyenes KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - fusarin C KW - 79748-81-5 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Zinc -- pharmacology KW - Glucose -- pharmacology KW - Lipids -- chemistry KW - Fatty Acids -- chemistry KW - Fatty Acids -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- drug effects KW - Polyenes -- metabolism KW - Ethanol -- metabolism KW - Lipid Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75680039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Glucose+and+zinc+concentration+influence+fusarin+C+synthesis%2C+ethanol+synthesis+and+lipid+composition+in+Fusarium+moniliforme+submerged+cultures.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+M+A%3BLanser%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-03-15&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Evaluation of 3 therapeutic schedules with N-methyl-glucamine antimonate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Para, Brazil]. TT - Avaliação de três esquemas terapêuticos com o antimoniato de N-metil-glucamina no tratamento da leishmaniose visceral no estado do Pará, Brasil. AN - 76153825; 8284603 AB - We have evaluated, in a retrospective manner, three chemotherapeutic schemes with meglumine antomoniate (Glucantime) use in the treatment of 43 autochthonous cases of visceral leishmaniasis in children in the age-group of 1-12 years old, during the period 1985-1990. Of the 43 cases, 28 (group A) were treated with 40mg/SbV/kg given IV at intervals of 48 hours, in courses of 15 applications (scheme I); 8 (group B) were treated with 40 mg/SbV/kg given IV daily during 15 days (scheme II), and 7 (group C) were treated with 20 mg/SbV/kg given IV daily during 15 days (scheme III). With the criteria for cure based essentially on clinical examination, we admitted that the scheme III would be the preferred for these reasons: a) it produces the same cure-rate as those schemes which use double this dosage, b) in relation to positive results it is less expensive, c) the scheme can be used for more extended periods, with less risk of toxic effects, and d) there has till now been no evidence of the development of resistance to treatment using this scheme, at least in our particular area of study (Pará). JF - Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo AU - Silveira, F T AU - Pingarilho, D A AU - Duarte, R R AU - Gabriel, M do D AU - Dias, M G AU - Moura, M P AU - Braga, M E AU - Prestes, E X AU - Maués, B C AD - Médico do Serviço de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (FNS), Belém, Pará, Brasil. PY - 1993 SP - 177 EP - 181 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0036-4665, 0036-4665 KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - 0 KW - Meglumine KW - 6HG8UB2MUY KW - meglumine antimoniate KW - 75G4TW236W KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Brazil KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Child KW - Time Factors KW - Child, Preschool KW - Meglumine -- therapeutic use KW - Organometallic Compounds -- therapeutic use KW - Leishmaniasis, Visceral -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76153825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.atitle=%5BEvaluation+of+3+therapeutic+schedules+with+N-methyl-glucamine+antimonate+in+the+treatment+of+visceral+leishmaniasis+in+the+state+of+Para%2C+Brazil%5D.&rft.au=Silveira%2C+F+T%3BPingarilho%2C+D+A%3BDuarte%2C+R+R%3BGabriel%2C+M+do+D%3BDias%2C+M+G%3BMoura%2C+M+P%3BBraga%2C+M+E%3BPrestes%2C+E+X%3BMau%C3%A9s%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Silveira&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Medicina+Tropical+de+Sao+Paulo&rft.issn=00364665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Portuguese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1993 Nov-Dec;35(6):589 [7997767] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction of a Brucella abortus RecA mutant and its survival in mice. AN - 75831575; 8321120 AB - To determine if RecA plays a role in the virulence of Brucella abortus, a B. abortus RecA mutant was constructed and its survival was examined in mice. The recA gene was cloned from a B. abortus genomic DNA library by complementation of an Escherichia coli recA mutant in the presence of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The nucleotide sequence of recA was determined and the deduced protein sequence possesses extensive conservation with other RecA proteins of Gram-negative bacteria. A deletion plasmid was constructed in a suicide vector by deleting a segment of recA and inserting a kanamycin resistance gene. The deletion plasmid was introduced into B. abortus strain 2308, a virulent strain, by electroporation. Replacement of recA with the kanamycin resistance fragment was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The RecA mutant was more sensitive than the parental strain to killing by MMS. When administered intraperitoneally to BALB/c mice, numbers of bacteria per spleen were consistently lower in animals infected with the RecA mutant than with the parental strain. However, both the RecA mutant and parental strain persisted in mice through 100 days post-infection. These results indicate that RecA is not crucial for persistence of B. abortus in mice. JF - Microbial pathogenesis AU - Tatum, F M AU - Morfitt, D C AU - Halling, S M AD - National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 177 EP - 185 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - RECA KW - DNA, Recombinant KW - 0 KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate KW - AT5C31J09G KW - Rec A Recombinases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice KW - Plasmids KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C -- microbiology KW - Sinorhizobium meliloti -- genetics KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Recombinant -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Brucella abortus -- physiology KW - Rec A Recombinases -- genetics KW - Brucella abortus -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75831575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+Brucella+abortus+RecA+mutant+and+its+survival+in+mice.&rft.au=Tatum%2C+F+M%3BMorfitt%2C+D+C%3BHalling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Tatum&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - RECA N1 - Genetic sequence - L00679; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and purification of AAL-toxin from Alternaria alternata grown on rice. AN - 75675444; 8470139 AB - An isolation and purification procedure is described for AAL-toxin, a secondary metabolite produced by Alternaria alternata. The method involves growth of the fungus on rice media, extraction with chloroform followed by methanol: water from fungus-infested rice, and purification of the aqueous layer that contains AAL-toxin by using chromatography methods. The AAL-toxin was of type A, and white in color, and its purity was > or = 95% with mol. wt 522 (M + 1). JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Vesonder, R F AD - USDA/ARS/Southern Weed Science Laboratory, Stoneville, MS 38776. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 355 EP - 358 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Alternaria alternata pathotoxin TA KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oryza KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Alternaria -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75675444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+purification+of+AAL-toxin+from+Alternaria+alternata+grown+on+rice.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BVesonder%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological activities of fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme, in jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) and mammalian cell cultures. AN - 75668456; 8470138 AB - Fumonisins A1, A2, B1, B2 and B3 are a series of mycotoxins produced by strains of Fusarium moniliforme. Fumonisins are hydroxylated long-chain alkylamines esterified with propanetricarboxylic acid moieties that represent approximately half the mol. wt of the toxins. The A-series fumonisins are N-acetylated, whereas the B series contains free amino groups. Hydrolytic removal of the propanetricarboxylic acid moieties from fumonisins B1 and B2 yields the corresponding aminopentols, AP1 and AP2, respectively. These compounds were tested for toxicity on widely differing bioassay systems, representing plant and animal systems. The plant bioassay system employed jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) leaves and leaf discs in which toxicity was detected as electrolyte leakage, photobleaching and quantitation of chlorophyll reduction. The animal bioassay system employed cultured mammalian cell lines in which toxicity was detected as inhibition of cell proliferation. Fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 at 50 micrograms/ml or less were effective toxins after exposure periods greater than 24 hr in all plant and animal bioassay systems examined, except 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, whereas fumonisins A1 and A2 exhibited little or no activity. However, the hydrolytic degradation products AP1 and AP2 exhibited toxicity similar to or greater than B-series fumonisins in all test systems, including substantial toxicity to 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Gelderblom, W C AU - Cawood, M E AU - Shier, W T AD - Southern Weed Science Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 345 EP - 353 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Electrolytes KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Chlorophyll -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Mice KW - Hydrolysis KW - Electrolytes -- metabolism KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Datura stramonium -- physiology KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75668456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Biological+activities+of+fumonisins%2C+mycotoxins+from+Fusarium+moniliforme%2C+in+jimsonweed+%28Datura+stramonium+L.%29+and+mammalian+cell+cultures.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BGelderblom%2C+W+C%3BCawood%2C+M+E%3BShier%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloid teratogens from poisonous plants and their mechanism of action in animals. AN - 75636917; 8457928 AB - Quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloid teratogens from Lupinus, Conium, and Nicotiana genera have been identified as causes of birth defects in livestock induced by poisonous plants. Many defects now known to be related to poisonous plant ingestion were once thought to have a genetic origin. This supposition delayed diagnosis, reporting, and understanding of such birth defects, because breeders and producers feared the news would make it difficult to sell breeding stock. Defects caused by quinolizidine and piperidine teratogens include cleft palate and contracture-type skeletal defects such as arthrogryposis, scoliosis, torticollis, and kyphosis. Teratogens have been identified, differences in susceptibility to teratogenic compounds among livestock species have been elucidated, periods of gestation when specific types of birth defects occur have been determined, and information about mechanism of action has been developed. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Panter, K E AU - Keeler, R F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 33 EP - 40 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Piperidines KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- veterinary KW - Tobacco KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- complications KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Piperidines -- poisoning KW - Animals, Domestic -- abnormalities KW - Alkaloids -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75636917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Quinolizidine+and+piperidine+alkaloid+teratogens+from+poisonous+plants+and+their+mechanism+of+action+in+animals.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BKeeler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurotransmitters in rats fed fumonisin B1. AN - 75613652; 7679795 AB - Fumonisin B1, a toxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, has been associated with a neurotoxic syndrome in horses known as equine leukoencephlomalacia. Previous investigations showed that F. moniliforme cultured on corn and incorporated into rat chow increased brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and 5HIAA: serotonin (5HT) ratios in these animals. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine whether fumonisin B1 would produce related neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of male and female rats. Rats were fed fumonisin B1 at 15, 50, and 150 ppm for 4 weeks. No differences occurred in brain concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxytyramine, homovanillic acid, 5HT, 5HIAA, and the 5HIAA to 5HT ratios in either male or female rats, nor where there differences between the sexes. When compared across sexes, the norepinephrine to dopamine ratios were decreased (P < 0.05) in the 150-ppm-treated animals. This may suggest a fumonisin B1-induced imbalance in brain norepinephrine and/or dopamine. No differences were observed in pineal norepinephrine, 5HT, 5HIAA, and the 5HIAA to 5HT ratios. Since fumonisin B1 failed to duplicate the effects of the F. moniliforme-induced imbalances in 5HT and 5HIAA metabolism in the brains of rats, other mycotoxins from F. moniliforme may be responsible for these effects. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Porter, J K AU - Voss, K A AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Bacon, C W AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R. B. Russell Agriculture Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 360 EP - 364 VL - 202 IS - 3 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Neurotransmitter Agents KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - 3-methoxytyramine KW - JCH2767EDP KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Dopamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Animals KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Norepinephrine -- metabolism KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Pineal Gland -- metabolism KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- anatomy & histology KW - Pineal Gland -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75613652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Neurotransmitters+in+rats+fed+fumonisin+B1.&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+K%3BVoss%2C+K+A%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisins--mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme. AN - 75612409; 8450559 AB - Fumonisins are toxic metabolites of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, which is a common contaminant of corn everywhere in the world. The fumonisins are carcinogenic in laboratory rats, and cause acute toxicity of domestic animals that mimics field cases of disease attributed to contamination of feed by F. moniliforme. These include both equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. Fusarium moniliforme contamination of corn consumed by humans in certain areas of the world is associated with higher than average incidence of esophageal cancer, and fumonisins may be responsible. Analytical methods have been developed for fumonisins, but improvements are needed so that more accurate, less expensive, and more rapid assays of food and feedstuffs can be done. Fumonisins are structurally similar to sphingosine, and may exert their biological activity through their ability to block key enzymes (sphinganine- and sphingosine-N-acyltransferases) involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis. Much more research is needed to define the extent to which this mycotoxin adversely affects the food supply, and its involvement in animal and human diseases. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 309 EP - 328 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Esophageal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Pulmonary Edema -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Horse Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms -- veterinary KW - Humans KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Horses KW - Encephalomalacia -- chemically induced KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Pulmonary Edema -- chemically induced KW - Swine Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Encephalomalacia -- veterinary KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Mycotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75612409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Fumonisins--mycotoxins+produced+by+Fusarium+moniliforme.&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local Adoption of New Forestry Technologies: An Example from Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province AN - 61632305; 199300062 AB - Household economics & an example from Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province are used to explore the characteristics influencing household & community adoption of new forestry technologies. Household attitudes toward risk & household expectations of the uncertain gains from adoption are critical. Adopting households probably have higher incomes & greater endowments of land, labor, & capital. Good extension foresters are also important, but personal character is possibly more important than technical expertise. 4 Tables, 1 Appendix, 8 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - World Development AU - Amacher, Gregory S AU - Hyde, William F AU - Rafiq, Mohammed AD - Economic Research Service, Washington DC Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 445 EP - 453 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0305-750X, 0305-750X KW - new forestry technologies, household/community adoption KW - illustrative example KW - Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province KW - Pakistan KW - Households KW - Technology KW - Forestry KW - article KW - 8310: social development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61632305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Development&rft.atitle=Local+Adoption+of+New+Forestry+Technologies%3A+An+Example+from+Pakistan%27s+Northwest+Frontier+Province&rft.au=Amacher%2C+Gregory+S%3BHyde%2C+William+F%3BRafiq%2C+Mohammed&rft.aulast=Amacher&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Development&rft.issn=0305750X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pakistan; Forestry; Technology; Households ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Near-surface air temperature as substitute for skin temperature in regional surface flux estimation AN - 50367106; 1993-005384 AB - Wind velocity and temperature profiles measured by radiosondes were used in combination with near-surface air temperatures, in order to derive surface fluxes of sensible heat H and of momentum u*. The role of the near-surface air temperature was to stabilize the otherwise noisy radiosonde profiles. The computational procedure was developed from standard Monin-Obukhov flux-profile relationships for the atmospheric surface layer. The measurements were made in the context of the International Alpine Experiment ALPEX at the Rietholzbach catchment in a region of complex rugged terrain of the Swiss Fore-Alps. The positive correlation (r = 0.7) between the profile derived values of H and those obtained at a central station of the catchment, supports the existence of a surface layer even above this very rough terrain. The values of latent heat flux (evaporation) obtained from these H values by means of the energy budget agreed well (r = 0.94) with lysimeter measurements at the central station. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Qualls, Russell J AU - Brutsaert, Wilfried AU - Kustas, William P Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 381 EP - 393 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 143 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - soils KW - heat flux KW - Alps KW - atmosphere KW - Europe KW - Switzerland KW - air-soils interface KW - temperature KW - theoretical studies KW - Swiss Alps KW - evaporation KW - Central Europe KW - field studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50367106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Near-surface+air+temperature+as+substitute+for+skin+temperature+in+regional+surface+flux+estimation&rft.au=Qualls%2C+Russell+J%3BBrutsaert%2C+Wilfried%3BKustas%2C+William+P&rft.aulast=Qualls&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air-soils interface; Alps; atmosphere; Central Europe; Europe; evaporation; field studies; heat flux; soils; Swiss Alps; Switzerland; temperature; theoretical studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas, water and solute transport in soils containing macropores; a review of methodology AN - 50365299; 1993-010827 AB - The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil bodies, interacting with weather, management practices, and chemical and biological processes, influence the movement of gas, water, and solutes in cropland ecosystems. The activities of soil biota, especially through their effects on soil porosity, impact on these properties and processes. This paper reviews methods for measuring flow into and through the soil, with emphasis on the techniques being developed to assess the importance of biological activity on the flow characteristics of soils. The discussion of methods used to characterize gas, water, and solute transport in soils addresses conditions under which their use may or may not be appropriate and the need for further methodology development. JF - Geoderma AU - Edwards, W M AU - Shipitalo, M J AU - Owens, L B A2 - Brussaard, L. A2 - Kooistra, M. J. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 31 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 57 IS - 1-2 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - water KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - chemical dispersion KW - physicochemical properties KW - movement KW - water regimes KW - ecosystems KW - porosity KW - biota KW - gases KW - 25:Soils KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50365299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Gas%2C+water+and+solute+transport+in+soils+containing+macropores%3B+a+review+of+methodology&rft.au=Edwards%2C+W+M%3BShipitalo%2C+M+J%3BOwens%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International workshop on Methods of research on soil structure/soil biota interrelationships N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 97 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biota; chemical dispersion; ecosystems; experimental studies; gases; movement; physicochemical properties; porosity; soils; water; water regimes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salinity and citriculture. AN - 1859453110; 14969929 AB - Soil salinity significantly limits citrus production in many areas worldwide. Although data on fruit yields in response to salinity are limited, they indicate that grapefruit, lemons, and oranges are among the most sensitive of all agricultural crops. Fruit yields decrease about 13% for each 1.0 dS m(-1) increase in electrical conductivity of the saturated-soil extract (EC(e)) once soil salinity exceeds a threshold EC(e) of 1.4 dS m(-1). Accumulation of excess Cl(-) and Na(+) can cause specific ion toxicities, but this problem can be minimized by selecting rootstocks that restrict the uptake of these ions. During the past two decades, numerous papers describing the agronomic and physiological responses of citrus to salinity have been published. This paper reviews these research reports and discusses differences in the response of citrus species to salt stress, the role of different rootstocks, the causes of salt injury, and the interactions of other environmental conditions or stresses with salinity. JF - Tree physiology AU - Maas, E V AD - U. S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, CA 92501, USA. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 195 EP - 216 VL - 12 IS - 2 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859453110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+physiology&rft.atitle=Salinity+and+citriculture.&rft.au=Maas%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Maas&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+physiology&rft.issn=1758-4469&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2004-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple and efficient method for directly electroporating Agrobacterium plasmid DNA into wheat callus cells. AN - 19367246; 8744760 JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Zaghmout, O M AU - Trolinder, N L AD - USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX 79401. Y1 - 1993/02/25/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Feb 25 SP - 1048 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Agrobacterium KW - Triticum aestivum KW - DNA KW - Callus KW - Plasmids KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - N 14810:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19367246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=Simple+and+efficient+method+for+directly+electroporating+Agrobacterium+plasmid+DNA+into+wheat+callus+cells.&rft.au=Zaghmout%2C+O+M%3BTrolinder%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=Zaghmout&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1993-02-25&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA; Callus; Plasmids; Triticum aestivum; Agrobacterium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens by culturing pools of egg contents. AN - 75620118; 8441730 AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine whether Salmonella enteritidis could be detected efficiently in pooled samples of the contents of eggs laid by experimentally infected hens. In Experiment 1, groups of laying hens were orally inoculated with either 10(4) or 10(6) S. enteritidis cells. In Experiment 2, one-third of the hens in each group were orally inoculated with 10(6) S. enteritidis cells. At 2 wk postinoculation, culturing egg pools yielded positive results at frequencies similar to those obtained by culturing fecal samples, culturing internal organs, or testing for specific serum antibodies. Culturing fecal samples detected a higher percentage of exposed hens than egg pool culturing at 1 and 3 wk, and serum antibody tests were superior at 3 and 4 wk. In Experiment 1, more than 46% of the hens inoculated with 10(6) S. enteritidis cells laid at least one contaminated egg during the 2nd wk postinoculation. In Experiment 2, over 34% of the hens produced at least one contaminated egg during the 2nd wk postinoculation, but very few contaminated egg pools were identified during the 3rd and 4th wk. Bacteriological culturing of pooled egg contents for S. enteritidis, therefore, can apparently provide an effective method for assessing the potential public health threat posed by a flock. JF - Poultry science AU - Gast, R K AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 267 EP - 274 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Female KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75620118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+experimentally+infected+laying+hens+by+culturing+pools+of+egg+contents.&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overexpression of a Rhizopus delemar lipase gene in Escherichia coli. AN - 75609671; 8441342 AB - A cloned complementary deoxyribonucleic acid encoding the precursor polypeptide of an extracellular lipase from the fungus Rhizopus delemar was altered by site-directed mutagenesis to generate deoxyribonucleic acid fragments that specifically code for the polypeptides of the proenzyme and the mature form of the lipase. Attempts to produce these polypeptides in enzymatically active form in Escherichia coli revealed toxic effects toward the host. Therefore the polypeptides were expressed as inactive and insoluble forms in the cytoplasm of E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells using plasmid vector pET11-d. With this tightly regulated high-level expression system, lipase and prolipase polypeptides were produced to estimated levels of up to 21% and 15%, respectively, of total cellular protein. The insoluble polypeptides were solubilized in 8 M urea. Refolding into active forms was achieved by treatment with the redox system cystine/cysteine and dilution. Refolded mature lipase was purified to homogeneity by affinity and ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme had a specific activity comparable to that of lipase from the fungal culture. The quantities of pure enzyme obtained from a 1-L culture of E. coli exceeded those obtained from the fungal culture by a factor of at least 100. Refolded recombinant prolipase was purified essentially to homogeneity and had a specific activity similar to that of the mature enzyme. Its pH optimum was 7.5, rather than the pH 8 determined for recombinant mature lipase and for the enzyme purified from the fungal culture. Recombinant prolipase retained activity after 15 min incubation at 65 degrees C, while mature lipase retained activity only up to 45 degrees C. JF - Lipids AU - Joerger, R D AU - Haas, M J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 81 EP - 88 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0024-4201, 0024-4201 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cystine KW - 48TCX9A1VT KW - Urea KW - 8W8T17847W KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Dithiothreitol KW - T8ID5YZU6Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Solubility KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Dithiothreitol -- pharmacology KW - Protein Folding KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Lipase -- chemistry KW - Rhizopus -- genetics KW - Rhizopus -- enzymology KW - Gene Expression KW - Lipase -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Lipase -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75609671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.atitle=Overexpression+of+a+Rhizopus+delemar+lipase+gene+in+Escherichia+coli.&rft.au=Joerger%2C+R+D%3BHaas%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Joerger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lipids&rft.issn=00244201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of cattle age, lithium chloride dose level, and food type in the retention of food aversions. AN - 75601940; 8382673 AB - The influences of animal age and lithium chloride (LiCl) dose levels were evaluated in forming and retaining food aversions to licorice-flavored alfalfa pellets and beet pulp. Lithium chloride (100, 200, 300 mg/kg BW) was given to yearling and mature cattle by gavage (four animals per age-dose treatment group) after meals of the test food. Cattle dosed with the higher levels of LiCl formed aversions more rapidly in both trials than those dosed at lower levels. Both age classes extinguished aversions to licorice-flavored alfalfa pellets, but aversions to beet pulp persisted. Mature cattle retained aversions to beet pulp to a greater extent than did young cattle in social facilitation and single-choice persistence trials. Of dosages studied, the optimum for retaining aversions to beet pulp was 200 mg/kg BW for mature cows. Yearling cattle required 300 mg/kg for complete abstinence. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Cheney, C D AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 373 EP - 379 VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Chlorides KW - 0 KW - Lithium KW - 9FN79X2M3F KW - Lithium Chloride KW - G4962QA067 KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Vegetables KW - Taste KW - Female KW - Medicago sativa KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Animal Feed KW - Chlorides -- administration & dosage KW - Lithium -- administration & dosage KW - Chlorides -- adverse effects KW - Appetite -- drug effects KW - Lithium -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75601940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Influence+of+cattle+age%2C+lithium+chloride+dose+level%2C+and+food+type+in+the+retention+of+food+aversions.&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BCheney%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotype x environment interactions in preweaning traits of purebred and reciprocal cross Angus and Brahman calves on common bermudagrass and endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures. AN - 75597413; 8440651 AB - Preweaning data on 486 Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal cross calves (AB, BA) managed on common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue were used to evaluate the interactions of forage type and sex of calf with direct effects, individual heterosis, and maternal effects. Calves were spring-born in 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 to five sires of each breed. Male calves were castrated at birth, and calves were not creep-fed. Average values of heterosis for birth weight, 205-d weight, weaning hip height, and weaning weight:height ratio (WT/HT) were important (P < .01) and consistent across forage environment. Heterosis for birth weight was larger in bull calves than in heifer calves (P < .05), whereas heterosis for other preweaning traits were consistent across sex of calf. Average maternal effects for WT/HT (P < .10) were important and consistent across forage environment. Maternal effects for birth weight were larger with bull calves than with heifer calves (P < .01). Maternal effects for weaning hip height favored the Angus dam managed on bermudagrass (P < .05) but not managed on fescue. A similar but nonsignificant trend occurred in maternal effects for 205-d weight. Direct effects for birth weight were larger in bull calves than in heifer calves (P < .01). Direct effects for weaning height were larger in calves managed on bermudagrass than in calves managed on tall fescue (P < .07). A similar but nonsignificant trend was evident in direct effects for 205-d weight. Direct effects for WT/HT were relatively small and unimportant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of animal science AU - Brown, M A AU - Tharel, L M AU - Brown, A H AU - Jackson, W G AU - Miesner, J R AD - South Central Family Farm Research Center, ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 326 EP - 333 VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Birth Weight -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Food Microbiology KW - Sex Factors KW - Breeding KW - Weaning KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Weight Gain KW - Male KW - Female KW - Animal Feed KW - Cattle -- growth & development KW - Cattle -- genetics KW - Hybrid Vigor KW - Poaceae -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75597413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Genotype+x+environment+interactions+in+preweaning+traits+of+purebred+and+reciprocal+cross+Angus+and+Brahman+calves+on+common+bermudagrass+and+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue+pastures.&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+A%3BTharel%2C+L+M%3BBrown%2C+A+H%3BJackson%2C+W+G%3BMiesner%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Steroidal alkaloid toxicity to fish embryos. AN - 75594239; 8430437 AB - Embryos of two species of fish were evaluated for their suitability as model systems for steroidal alkaloid toxicity, the Japanese rice fish, medaka (Oryzius latipes) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Additionally, the equine neurotoxic sesquiterpene lactone repin, was also tested. A PROBIT program was used to evaluate the EC1, EC50 and EC99 as well as the associated confidence limits. The steroidal alkaloids tested were the Solanum potato glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, the aglyclones solanidine and solasodine and the Veratrum alkaloid, jervine. Embryo mortality, likely due to structural or functional abnormalities in the early development stages of the embryo, were the only response observed in both species. The rainbow trout exhibited a toxic response to chaconine, solasidine, repin and solanine but the medaka embryos were only affected by the compounds, chaconine and solanine. Rainbow trout may indeed serve as a good lower vertebrate model for studying the toxicity of steroidal alkaloids. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Crawford, L AU - Kocan, R M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 175 EP - 181 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Steroids KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Female KW - Trout -- embryology KW - Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- drug effects KW - Steroids -- toxicity KW - Oryzias -- embryology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75594239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Steroidal+alkaloid+toxicity+to+fish+embryos.&rft.au=Crawford%2C+L%3BKocan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification of a 40-kilodalton methyltransferase active in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. AN - 75589255; 8434913 AB - The penultimate step in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus involves conversion of sterigmatocystin to O-methylsterigmatocystin. An S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes this reaction was purified to homogeneity (> 90%) from 78-h-old mycelia of A. parasiticus SRRC 163. Purification of this soluble enzyme was carried out by five soft-gel chromatographic steps: cell debris remover treatment, QMA ACELL chromatography, hydroxylapatite-Ultrogel chromatography, DEAE-Spherodex chromatography, and Octyl Avidgel chromatography, followed by MA7Q high-performance liquid chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the protein peak from this step on silver staining identified a single band of approximately 40 kDa. This purified protein was distinct from the dimeric 168-kDa methyltransferase purified from the same fungal strain under identical growth conditions (D. Bhatnagar, A. H. J. Ullah, and T. E. Cleveland, Prep. Biochem. 18:321-349, 1988). The chromatographic behavior and N-terminal sequence of the 40-kDa enzyme were also distinct from those of the 168-kDa methyltransferase. The molar extinction coefficient of the 40-kDa enzyme at 278 nm was estimated to be 4.7 x 10(4) M-1 cm-1 in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Keller, N P AU - Dischinger, H C AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AU - Ullah, A H AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 479 EP - 484 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Methyltransferases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Molecular Weight KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Methyltransferases -- isolation & purification KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Methyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Methyltransferases -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75589255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Purification+of+a+40-kilodalton+methyltransferase+active+in+the+aflatoxin+biosynthetic+pathway.&rft.au=Keller%2C+N+P%3BDischinger%2C+H+C%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E%3BUllah%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Anal Biochem. 1977 May 1;79(1-2):544-52 [68686] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Appl Microbiol. 1974 Feb;27(2):394-9 [4207281] Biochemistry. 1973 Dec 4;12(25):5167-71 [4792300] J Agric Food Chem. 1976 Nov-Dec;24(6):1167-70 [1002895] J Agric Food Chem. 1976 Nov-Dec;24(6):1170-4 [1002896] Nature. 1977 Jun 30;267(5614):863-5 [895848] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Apr;39(4):835-9 [7377778] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9418-22 [3099282] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jan;53(1):14-6 [3103529] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1028-33 [3111363] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1711-3 [3116930] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Dec;53(12):2804-7 [3435144] Can J Microbiol. 1987 Dec;33(12):1108-12 [3128394] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):274-95 [3137428] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Aug;54(8):2101-6 [3140727] Prep Biochem. 1988;18(3):321-49 [3237648] J Mol Biol. 1989 Mar 20;206(2):313-21 [2541254] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2172-7 [2802602] J Biol Chem. 1989 Nov 25;264(33):20131-9 [2684970] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):826-30 [1689055] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jan 15;166(1):38-42 [2405850] Can J Microbiol. 1990 Jan;36(1):1-5 [2334871] Mycopathologia. 1990 Jul;111(1):39-45 [2233978] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4343-50 [1902378] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] FASEB J. 1991 Sep;5(12):2623 [1916085] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Oct;137(10):2469-75 [1770361] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1973 Jun 8;52(3):992-7 [4710576] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of coarse woody debris on morphology and sediment storage of a mountain stream system in western Oregon AN - 52715699; 1997-034641 JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Nakamura, Futoshi AU - Swanson, Frederick J Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 43 EP - 61 PB - Wiley & Sons, Chichester-New York VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - United States KW - western Oregon KW - sedimentation KW - channels KW - rivers KW - debris flows KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - Cascade Range KW - Oregon KW - Willamette National Forest KW - Lane County Oregon KW - channel geometry KW - mass movements KW - sediments KW - fluvial features KW - floods KW - drainage basins KW - trees KW - streams KW - storage KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52715699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Effects+of+coarse+woody+debris+on+morphology+and+sediment+storage+of+a+mountain+stream+system+in+western+Oregon&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+Futoshi%3BSwanson%2C+Frederick+J&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=Futoshi&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cascade Range; channel geometry; channels; debris flows; drainage basins; floods; fluvial features; fluvial sedimentation; Lane County Oregon; mass movements; Oregon; rivers; sedimentation; sediments; storage; streams; trees; United States; western Oregon; Willamette National Forest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oklahoma geology, the challenge in a changing environment AN - 50137617; 1995-035541 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Miller, Glen B AU - Tillman, Bob L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 38 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Oklahoma KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - water erosion KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50137617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Oklahoma+geology%2C+the+challenge+in+a+changing+environment&rft.au=Miller%2C+Glen+B%3BTillman%2C+Bob+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, South-Central Section, 27th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; geologic hazards; land use; Oklahoma; United States; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of the possible requirement and reference dose levels for arsenic in humans. AN - 76280187; 8159966 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Uthus, E O AU - Nielsen, F H AD - USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 137 EP - 138 VL - 19 Suppl 1 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Arsenic -- administration & dosage KW - Diet -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76280187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+possible+requirement+and+reference+dose+levels+for+arsenic+in+humans.&rft.au=Uthus%2C+E+O%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of cotton phytoalexins to zoopathogenic fungi. AN - 76269728; 8167949 AB - The sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins desoxyhemigossypol, desoxymethoxyhemigossypol, and hemigossypolone formed in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense) stem xylem infected with Verticillium dahliae were shown to be highly toxic to zoopathogenic fungi. This appears to be the first study of the toxicity of terpenoid phytoalexins to zoopathogenic fungi. The toxicities of the phytoalexins expressed as MIC (micrograms ml-1) values were 8 to 128 against four isolates of Candida albicans and one isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans. These highly toxic compounds or their derivatives may prove useful for the treatment of animal mycoses. JF - Natural toxins AU - Mace, M E AU - Stipanovic, R D AU - Bell, A A AD - Cotton Pathology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 294 EP - 295 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - Sesquiterpenes KW - Terpenes KW - phytoalexins KW - 37297-20-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Fungi -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76269728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+cotton+phytoalexins+to+zoopathogenic+fungi.&rft.au=Mace%2C+M+E%3BStipanovic%2C+R+D%3BBell%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Mace&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of aluminosilicate compounds to reduce aflatoxin residues and toxicity to poultry and livestock: a review report. AN - 76225056; 8108715 AB - The aflatoxins (AFs) are reported to be hepatotoxic, mutagenic, immunosuppressive, and carcinogenic. Methods to prevent, reduce, or remediate AF toxicity and residues in the environment are in great demand. Various AF-detoxification procedures are reviewed with particular emphasis on ammoniation and the use of adsorbent compounds to bind AF. A series of in vivo experiments by the authors are reviewed that evaluated the ability of a specific hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce the toxicity of AF to poultry and livestock and to reduce AF residues in milk. These studies showed that HSCAS forms stable bonds with AF in vitro, and when added to AF-contaminated poultry and livestock feeds, HSCAS is able to protect chickens, swine, and lambs from the deleterious toxic effects of AF and to reduce AF residues in milk of dairy cows and goats. These results indicate that HSCAS, when used in conjunction with other mycotoxin management practices, may prove effective for the preventive management of AF-contaminated feedstuffs in livestock and poultry and may reduce AF residues in the food-chain. JF - The Science of the total environment AU - Harvey, R B AU - Kubena, L F AU - Phillips, T D AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1453 EP - 1457 VL - Suppl Pt 2 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Zeolites KW - 1318-02-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Goats KW - Sheep KW - Adsorption KW - Aflatoxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zeolites -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zeolites -- administration & dosage KW - Mycotoxicosis -- prevention & control KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76225056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+aluminosilicate+compounds+to+reduce+aflatoxin+residues+and+toxicity+to+poultry+and+livestock%3A+a+review+report.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BPhillips%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=Suppl+Pt+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between acetone, cataracts, and ascorbate in hairless guinea pigs. AN - 75621171; 8446366 AB - Acetone is one of the most commonly used industrial solvents. Recent literature indicated that in guinea pigs, but not rabbits, acetone is cataractogenic and that elevated acetone exposure is also associated with depressed aqueous ascorbate levels. Other work indicated that aqueous and lens levels of ascorbate are closely linked and that depressed ascorbate status is related to cataract. Taken together, these papers suggested that acetone exposure, depressed ascorbate levels, and cataract are related, possibly causally. While the possibility that acetone is cataractogenic presented a major health concern, it also presented an opportunity to develop a new model of cataract in which hypotheses regarding anticataractogenic effects of ascorbate could be tested. Albino hairless guinea pigs are immunocompetent animals derived from albino Hartley guinea pigs. Animals were fed diets containing low (4.9 mg/day) and high (55 mg/day) levels of ascorbate. This resulted in distinct groups of animals, one with high tissue ascorbate levels and the other with low, but nonscorbutic ascorbate levels. The tissue levels of ascorbate and the relationship between tissue ascorbate levels and dietary intake indicate that with respect to ascorbate uptake, transport, and concentration, these animals are identical to the standard albino Hartley animals. Daily exposure to acetone was extended for 6 months, with a total applied dose of 65 ml. Absorption of the solvent was maximized by the use of hairless animals. Despite exposure of the animals to higher levels of acetone, in no case (n = 20) were cataracts observed over a 2-year period. This is consistent with results using rabbits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Ophthalmic research AU - Taylor, A AU - Smith, D E AU - Palmer, V J AU - Shepard, D AU - Padhye, N AU - Theriault, C AU - Morrow, F AD - Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University (HNRC), Boston, Mass. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 30 EP - 35 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0030-3747, 0030-3747 KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Lens, Crystalline -- metabolism KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Diet KW - Administration, Topical KW - Biological Availability KW - Cataract -- metabolism KW - Cataract -- chemically induced KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acetone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75621171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ophthalmic+research&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+acetone%2C+cataracts%2C+and+ascorbate+in+hairless+guinea+pigs.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+A%3BSmith%2C+D+E%3BPalmer%2C+V+J%3BShepard%2C+D%3BPadhye%2C+N%3BTheriault%2C+C%3BMorrow%2C+F&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ophthalmic+research&rft.issn=00303747&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration of tissue and serum sphinganine to sphingosine ratio: an early biomarker of exposure to fumonisin-containing feeds in pigs. AN - 75598156; 8430417 AB - Fumonisins are a group of naturally occurring compounds produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme. They are believed to be the etiologic agent of several animal diseases associated with consumption of corn-based feeds including porcine pulmonary edema. Recently it was shown in vitro that fumonisins are specific inhibitors of sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferases. Inhibition of these enzymes in cultured cells results in the accumulation of free long chain sphingoid bases, specifically sphingosine and sphinganine, and the depletion of complex sphingolipids. In this study, tissues and serum from male SPF pigs fed a nutritionally balanced diet containing corn or corn screenings naturally contaminated with fumonisins for up to 14 days were analyzed for free sphingoid bases and complex sphingolipids. Total fumonisins (B1 and B2) in the diets were analyzed at 0 ( or = 23 ppm, and serum liver enzymes were significantly elevated at > or = 101 ppm. The results of this study show that free sphinganine is elevated in liver, lung, and kidney, from pigs consuming feeds containing fumonisins at total fumonisin concentrations of 23 ppm or greater. Sphingosine is also elevated in a dose-dependent manner, but to a lesser extent than sphinganine. The consequence of this differential inhibition is that the ratio of sphinganine to sphingosine increases, suggesting that sphinganine N-acyltransferase is the preferred target for fumonisins. Elevation of free sphinganine and free sphingosine in serum paralleled the increases in tissues. Statistically significant increases in the ratio were observed at feed concentrations as low as 5 ppm total fumonisins and in pigs (at higher concentrations) in which other serum biochemistry parameters and tissue morphology were not altered. Elevated ratios were also observed in serum from pigs fed pure fumonisin B1. The sensitivity of the ratio indicates that it could serve as an effective biomarker for consumption of fumonisin-containing feeds. In addition, the data supports the hypothesis that inhibition of sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferase plays an important role in the pathogenesis of animal diseases associated with consumption of feed containing fumonisins. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Riley, R T AU - An, N H AU - Showker, J L AU - Yoo, H S AU - Norred, W P AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Wang, E AU - Merrill, A H AU - Motelin, G AU - Beasley, V R AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Russell Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, Georgia 30613. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 105 EP - 112 VL - 118 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75598156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Alteration+of+tissue+and+serum+sphinganine+to+sphingosine+ratio%3A+an+early+biomarker+of+exposure+to+fumonisin-containing+feeds+in+pigs.&rft.au=Riley%2C+R+T%3BAn%2C+N+H%3BShowker%2C+J+L%3BYoo%2C+H+S%3BNorred%2C+W+P%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BWang%2C+E%3BMerrill%2C+A+H%3BMotelin%2C+G%3BBeasley%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and diacetoxyscirpenol. AN - 75556753; 8381229 AB - A hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) was incorporated into diets (.5%) containing 3.5 mg/kg aflatoxin (AF) and 5.0 mg/kg diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) singly and in combination. Male broiler chicks received ad libitum access to their respective diets and water from 1 to 21 days of age. Body weight gains were significantly (P < .05) depressed by AF and DAS singly and a synergistic interaction occurred between AF and DAS for a further depression of body weight gains. Alterations in hematological and serum biochemical values, as well as serum enzyme activities, were observed for the AF and the AF and DAS combination. Additionally, a significant interaction occurred between AF and DAS for some biochemical values and enzyme activities. Adding HSCAS resulted in almost total protection against the effects caused by AF alone, limited protection against the combination, but no protection against the DAS alone. These findings indicate that HSCAS can diminish the adverse effects of AF but not of DAS. JF - Poultry science AU - Kubena, L F AU - Harvey, R B AU - Huff, W E AU - Elissalde, M H AU - Yersin, A G AU - Phillips, T D AU - Rottinghaus, G E AD - USDA, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 51 EP - 59 VL - 72 IS - 1 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - Trichothecenes KW - Zeolites KW - 1318-02-1 KW - diacetoxyscirpenol KW - 2270-40-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - Trichothecenes -- toxicity KW - Trichothecenes -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Aluminum Silicates -- pharmacology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75556753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+hydrated+sodium+calcium+aluminosilicate+to+reduce+the+toxicity+of+aflatoxin+and+diacetoxyscirpenol.&rft.au=Kubena%2C+L+F%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BElissalde%2C+M+H%3BYersin%2C+A+G%3BPhillips%2C+T+D%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Kubena&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation processing AN - 745658019; 123040 AB - Ionizing radiation applications in food processing, its purposes and government position on food irradiation is discussed. The need for ASTM standards is explained and the results of the use of these standards are outlined. JF - Standardization News AU - Derr, Donald AD - (USDA's) Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 25 EP - 27 VL - 21 IS - 7 SN - 0090-1210, 0090-1210 KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Irradiated foods KW - Radiation effects KW - Radiation processing KW - Sterilization (cleaning) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Standards KW - W4 902.2:CODES AND STANDARDS KW - W4 822.2:FOOD PROCESSING OPERATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745658019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Standardization+News&rft.atitle=Radiation+processing&rft.au=Derr%2C+Donald&rft.aulast=Derr&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Standardization+News&rft.issn=00901210&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Standards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deriving the Size Distribution of Personal Wealth from "The Rich Get Richer, the Poor Get Poorer" AN - 61323298; 9401124 AB - A revised version of SA 39:6/91S24908/ASA/1991/6267. 1 Figure, 18 References. JF - The Journal of Mathematical Sociology AU - Angle, John AD - Economic Research Service US Dept Agriculture, 1301 New York Ave NW Washington DC 20005 Y1 - 1993///0, PY - 1993 DA - 0, 1993 SP - 27 EP - 46 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0022-250X, 0022-250X KW - personal wealth distribution, size derivation KW - Measurement KW - Methodology (Data Analysis) KW - Wealth KW - Income Distribution KW - article KW - 0161: methodology and research technology; models: mathematical & other KW - 1019: social differentiation; social stratification/mobility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61323298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology&rft.atitle=Deriving+the+Size+Distribution+of+Personal+Wealth+from+%22The+Rich+Get+Richer%2C+the+Poor+Get+Poorer%22&rft.au=Angle%2C+John&rft.aulast=Angle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology&rft.issn=0022250X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JMTSBT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wealth; Income Distribution; Measurement; Methodology (Data Analysis) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The soil data layer in Arctic ecological studies AN - 51243999; 2008-069253 JF - Program and Abstracts - Arctic Science Conference AU - Moore, J P AU - Ping, C L AU - Pearson, Art Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 31 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fairbanks, AK VL - 44 KW - soils KW - spatial variations KW - Arctic region KW - data KW - ecology KW - environmental effects KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51243999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Arctic+Science+Conference&rft.atitle=The+soil+data+layer+in+Arctic+ecological+studies&rft.au=Moore%2C+J+P%3BPing%2C+C+L%3BPearson%2C+Art&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Arctic+Science+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 44th Arctic science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - PubXState - AK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04953 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic region; data; ecology; environmental effects; soils; spatial variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupling a chemical transport model to a GIS database for assessment of non-point source pollution in irrigated agricultural areas AN - 50338510; 1995-049031 JF - Proceedings of the Annual ESRI User Conference AU - Vaughan, Peter J AU - Corwin, Dennis L AU - Wang, Hong-Hua AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 127 EP - 138 PB - Environmental Systems Research Institute, [Redlands, CA] VL - 13, Vol. 3 KW - solute transport KW - agricultural waste KW - spatial data KW - data acquisition KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - nonpoint sources KW - simulation KW - irrigation KW - ground water KW - interactive techniques KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - soils KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - models KW - computer programs KW - information systems KW - waste disposal KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50338510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.atitle=Coupling+a+chemical+transport+model+to+a+GIS+database+for+assessment+of+non-point+source+pollution+in+irrigated+agricultural+areas&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+Peter+J%3BCorwin%2C+Dennis+L%3BWang%2C+Hong-Hua%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13%2C+Vol.+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Thirteenth annual ESRI user conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03391 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; ArcGIS; ArcInfo; computer programs; data acquisition; data processing; geographic information systems; ground water; information systems; interactive techniques; irrigation; leaching; models; monitoring; nonpoint sources; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; simulation; soils; solute transport; spatial data; transport; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A GIS framework to assess the impacts of agricultural management systems on the environment AN - 50336348; 1995-049032 JF - Proceedings of the Annual ESRI User Conference AU - Pickus, Jonathan AU - Hewitt, Mason AU - Maidment, David R AU - Song, Don AU - Burkart, Michael AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 139 EP - 148 PB - Environmental Systems Research Institute, [Redlands, CA] VL - 13, Vol. 3 KW - United States KW - degradation KW - Story County Iowa KW - spatial data KW - data acquisition KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - simulation KW - Iowa KW - seepage KW - ground water KW - triazines KW - geographic information systems KW - transport KW - agrochemicals KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - adsorption KW - models KW - computer programs KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - information systems KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50336348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.atitle=A+GIS+framework+to+assess+the+impacts+of+agricultural+management+systems+on+the+environment&rft.au=Pickus%2C+Jonathan%3BHewitt%2C+Mason%3BMaidment%2C+David+R%3BSong%2C+Don%3BBurkart%2C+Michael%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Pickus&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13%2C+Vol.+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Thirteenth annual ESRI user conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Document feature - sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03391 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; agriculture; agrochemicals; ArcGIS; ArcInfo; atrazine; computer programs; data acquisition; data processing; degradation; geographic information systems; ground water; herbicides; hydrology; information systems; Iowa; land use; leaching; models; monitoring; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; seepage; simulation; soils; spatial data; Story County Iowa; transport; triazines; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detailed loess and Paleosol stratigraphy AN - 50315238; 1993-038631 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Ward, L B AU - Rutledge, E M AU - Wysocki, D A Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 9 EP - 23 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - soils KW - lithostratigraphy KW - Quaternary KW - Mississippi Valley KW - clastic sediments KW - Phillips County Arkansas KW - eastern Arkansas KW - Cenozoic KW - sediments KW - loess KW - paleosols KW - USGS KW - Arkansas KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50315238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Detailed+loess+and+Paleosol+stratigraphy&rft.au=Ward%2C+L+B%3BRutledge%2C+E+M%3BWysocki%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arkansas; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; eastern Arkansas; lithostratigraphy; loess; Mississippi Valley; paleosols; Phillips County Arkansas; Quaternary; sediments; soils; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptation of TR-20, project formulation-hydrology AN - 50238072; 1994-037878 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Chenoweth, John W AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5.102 EP - 5.108 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - Kankakee River basin KW - Great Lakes region KW - geologic hazards KW - Newton County Indiana KW - Iroquois County Illinois KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - northeastern Illinois KW - Benton County Indiana KW - TR-20 KW - northwestern Indiana KW - La Porte County Indiana KW - Starke County Indiana KW - Will County Illinois KW - Indiana KW - floods KW - drainage basins KW - waterways KW - Porter County Indiana KW - USGS KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - Marshall County Indiana KW - Lake County Indiana KW - numerical models KW - Illinois KW - Jasper County Indiana KW - Kankakee County Illinois KW - Saint Joseph County Indiana KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50238072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Adaptation+of+TR-20%2C+project+formulation-hydrology&rft.au=Chenoweth%2C+John+W%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Chenoweth&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5.102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Benton County Indiana; data processing; drainage basins; floods; geologic hazards; Great Lakes region; hydrology; Illinois; Indiana; Iroquois County Illinois; Jasper County Indiana; Kankakee County Illinois; Kankakee River basin; La Porte County Indiana; Lake County Indiana; Marshall County Indiana; Newton County Indiana; North America; northeastern Illinois; northwestern Indiana; numerical models; Porter County Indiana; rivers and streams; Saint Joseph County Indiana; Starke County Indiana; TR-20; United States; USGS; waterways; Will County Illinois ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Past, present and future needs of SCS water quality modeling efforts AN - 50235142; 1994-037844 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Seinwill, Gerald D AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1.61 EP - 1.69 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - numerical models KW - erosion KW - government agencies KW - watersheds KW - water erosion KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - conservation KW - runoff KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - soil erosion KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50235142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Past%2C+present+and+future+needs+of+SCS+water+quality+modeling+efforts&rft.au=Seinwill%2C+Gerald+D%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Seinwill&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1.61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; erosion; government agencies; hydrology; numerical models; runoff; Soil Conservation Service; soil erosion; soils; U. S. Department of Agriculture; USGS; water erosion; water supply; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling for water supply forecasting in the West AN - 50235065; 1994-037880 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Garen, David C AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 6.1 EP - 6.8 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - numerical models KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - agriculture KW - prediction KW - streamflow KW - Western U.S. KW - theoretical models KW - water resources KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50235065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Modeling+for+water+supply+forecasting+in+the+West&rft.au=Garen%2C+David+C%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Garen&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=6.1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; data processing; hydrology; numerical models; prediction; rivers and streams; streamflow; theoretical models; United States; USGS; water resources; water supply; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wetland identification SCS, Missouri AN - 50234461; 1994-037893 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Edwards, Jerry P AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 8.35 EP - 8.41 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - gauging KW - definition KW - Missouri KW - rivers and streams KW - government agencies KW - agriculture KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - wetlands KW - identification KW - floods KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Wetland+identification+SCS%2C+Missouri&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Jerry+P%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=8.35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; definition; floods; gauging; government agencies; hydrology; identification; Missouri; rivers and streams; Soil Conservation Service; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States; USGS; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TR-20 proves viable flood reduction alternative AN - 50234434; 1994-037876 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Mulvey, Laurel F AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5.89 EP - 5.93 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - numerical models KW - geologic hazards KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - channels KW - Perry Creek KW - TR-20 KW - Sioux City Iowa KW - Iowa KW - controls KW - Woodbury County Iowa KW - floods KW - waterways KW - USGS KW - construction KW - western Iowa KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=TR-20+proves+viable+flood+reduction+alternative&rft.au=Mulvey%2C+Laurel+F%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Mulvey&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5.89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; construction; controls; data processing; floods; geologic hazards; hydrology; Iowa; numerical models; Perry Creek; rivers and streams; Sioux City Iowa; TR-20; United States; USGS; watersheds; waterways; western Iowa; Woodbury County Iowa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A disparity detected in hydrologic soil grouping AN - 50234378; 1994-037873 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Cerrelli, Geoffrey A AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 5.70 EP - 5.73 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - numerical models KW - classification KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - water regimes KW - storms KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=A+disparity+detected+in+hydrologic+soil+grouping&rft.au=Cerrelli%2C+Geoffrey+A%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Cerrelli&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5.70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; data processing; hydrology; numerical models; soils; storms; USGS; water regimes; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Object oriented simulation modeling of watersheds AN - 50234299; 1994-037858 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Kort, Robert E AU - Cassell, E A AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4.24 EP - 4.31 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - hydrology KW - object-oriented models KW - numerical models KW - digital simulation KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - USGS KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50234299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Object+oriented+simulation+modeling+of+watersheds&rft.au=Kort%2C+Robert+E%3BCassell%2C+E+A%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Kort&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=4.24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data processing; digital simulation; hydrology; numerical models; object-oriented models; USGS; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wind erosion prediction and control AN - 50231492; 1994-041961 JF - Water Science and Technology AU - Nanney, R D AU - Fryrear, D W AU - Zobeck, T M A2 - Olem, H. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 519 EP - 527 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 28 IS - 3-5 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Lake County Indiana KW - experimental studies KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - wind erosion KW - northwestern Indiana KW - conservation KW - erosion control KW - Indiana KW - soil erosion KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50231492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Wind+erosion+prediction+and+control&rft.au=Nanney%2C+R+D%3BFryrear%2C+D+W%3BZobeck%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Nanney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3-5&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - IAWQ 1st international conference on Diffuse (nonpoint) pollution; sources, prevention, impact, abatement N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Document feature - 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WSTED4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; erosion; erosion control; experimental studies; geologic hazards; Indiana; Lake County Indiana; northwestern Indiana; soil erosion; soils; United States; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SNOTEL AN - 50230161; 1994-037850 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Johnson, David E AU - Burton, James S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2.30 EP - 2.34 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - data acquisition KW - government agencies KW - water management KW - decision-making KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - Western U.S. KW - snow KW - theoretical models KW - Soil Conservation Service KW - SNOTEL KW - USGS KW - meteorology KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50230161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=SNOTEL&rft.au=Johnson%2C+David+E%3BBurton%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2.30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water-Resources+Investigations+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Federal interagency workshop on Hydrologic modeling demands for the 90's N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; data acquisition; decision-making; government agencies; hydrology; meteorology; SNOTEL; snow; Soil Conservation Service; theoretical models; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States; USGS; water management; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host protein(s) induces accumulation of the toxin cercosporin and mRNA in a phytopathogenic strain of Cercospora kikuchii AN - 17064110; 3889505 AB - Cercospora kikuchii strain S2 produces the important pathogenicity factor cercosporin in infected soybeans and in potato dextrose broth. In contrast, S2 accumulates virtually no cercosporin in a complete medium (CM) broth, a medium containing salts, yeast extract and casamino acids. In this study we show that CM cultures supplemented with aqueous extracts of soybean leaves or meal accumulated between 5 to 65 fold higher levels of cercosporin than unsupplemented cultures. Autoclaving or treating extracts with proteinase K severely attenuated their stimulatory properties, indicating soybean protein was necessary for cercosporin production in CM. Other proteins tested failed to stimulate cercosporin synthesis. The inducing effect of leaf extracts increased as plants underwent reproductive development, but fell sharply at seed set. Conditioning experiments demonstrated that stimulation of cercosporin accumulation was not due to alteration of the medium by the extract. Accumulation of a transcript whose expression is strongly correlated with cercosporin synthesis was enhanced in the presence of native soybean meal extract, but decreased when extracts were autoclaved or digested. Accumulation of other cercosporin-related transcripts also increased in the presence of native extracts, but were more strongly induced by autoclaved or digested extracts. Our data suggest that C. kikuchii responds to soybean protein(s) with increased cercosporin production and changes in transcript accumulation. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Ehrenshaft, M AU - Upchurch, R G AD - ARS/USDA, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 95 EP - 107 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - Cercospora kikuchii KW - cercosporin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - pathogenicity KW - proteins KW - mRNA KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17064110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Host+protein%28s%29+induces+accumulation+of+the+toxin+cercosporin+and+mRNA+in+a+phytopathogenic+strain+of+Cercospora+kikuchii&rft.au=Ehrenshaft%2C+M%3BUpchurch%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Ehrenshaft&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mRNA; proteins; pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential of natural peptidic compounds as leads for novel pesticides AN - 16964156; 3616406 AB - Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the natural pesticidal peptide, tentoxin, are described in the context of similarity between pharmaceutical and agricultural methods of developing biologically active peptidomimetics. Essential residue substitutions that confer biological activity through predictable conformational changes in the peptide backbone and side chain functionalities are discussed. A combination of molecular modelling studies and the biological activity of natural, synthetic and photochemically transformed analogs of tentoxin is utilized to further the understanding of structural and conformational requirements for biological activity. Among these are the only organism in this study tentoxin produced by Alternaria alternata, and HC toxin, III, produced by Cochliobolus carbonum. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Bland, J M AU - Edwards, J V AU - Eaton AU - Lax, A R AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 331 EP - 340 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - tentoxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - structure-activity relationships KW - biological control KW - pesticides KW - Alternaria alternata KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16964156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Potential+of+natural+peptidic+compounds+as+leads+for+novel+pesticides&rft.au=Bland%2C+J+M%3BEdwards%2C+J+V%3BEaton%3BLax%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Bland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alternaria alternata; pesticides; biological control; structure-activity relationships ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence implicating the lipoxygenase pathway in providing resistance to soybeans against Aspergillus flavus AN - 16959432; 3618091 AB - The fungus, Aspergillus flavus, secretes lipases while parasitizing oilseed hosts and may contaminate the seed with aflatoxin. We found that exogenous lipase applied to soybean cotyledons results in the generation of volatile aldehydes by the lipoxygenase pathway that halts the growth of fungi. Volatiles generated from untreated homogenized soybeans did not affect the germination of A. flavus spores in a closed petri plate assay in which spores were streaked on corn-meal agar and soybean homogenate was placed on the lid of the inverted plate. When lipase (500 units/ml) was added to the soybean homogenate, all fungal spore germination was inhibited. However, the addition of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (a lipoxygenase inhibitor) to the soybean homogenate/lipase mixture partially reversed the inhibition of spore germination. The extent of spore germination was dependent on both the number of soybean cotyledons in the homogenate and the activity of the added lipase. Addition of linoleic or linolenic acids to the homogenates also inhibited spore germination, whereas palmitic, stearic, or oleic acid had no effect, compared to untreated homogenates. Headspace analysis indicated that hexanal, a product of the lipoxygenase pathway with known antifungal activity, was the major volatile generated from lipase-treated homogenates. Soybeans are exceptional among oil-rich seed crops in that they are resistant to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination. Our evidence strongly suggests that the lipoxygenase pathway may contribute to this resistance. JF - Phytopathology AU - Doehlert, D C AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Gardner, H W AD - USDA/ARS, Dep. Cereal Sci. and Food Technol., Harris Hall, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1473 EP - 1477 VL - 83 IS - 12 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - lipoxygenase KW - pathyway KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Glycine max KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16959432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Evidence+implicating+the+lipoxygenase+pathway+in+providing+resistance+to+soybeans+against+Aspergillus+flavus&rft.au=Doehlert%2C+D+C%3BWicklow%2C+D+T%3BGardner%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Doehlert&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Glycine max; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of molecular markers to study Setosphaeria turcica resistance in maize AN - 16949546; 3618747 AB - To facilitate understanding of the molecular basis of Htn1 resistance in maize to northern corn leaf blight, we mapped the Htn1 locus by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Linkage with the Htn1 locus, using a backcross population, was initially detected with the RFLP probe UMC16, which hybridized to two loci: UMC16A on the long arm of chromosome three and the unmapped locus UMC16B. Independent assortment of Htn1 with UMC16A and linkage to UMC16B was verified with RFLP markers closely flanking UMC16A on the long arm of chromosome three. Information obtained from previous studies, detailing duplicate loci in maize, indicated that RFLP loci in the region around UMC16A are duplicated on the long arm of chromosome eight in the region of Idh1. RFLP loci mapping within this region on chromosome eight detected linkage with both Htn1 and UMC16B. Analysis of additional backcross progeny mapped the Htn1 locus 0.8 cM (centi-Morgans) distal to UMC117, near the recently reported location of the Ht2 locus. Segregation analysis of F sub(2) progeny from crosses of the inbred W22Htn1 with A619Ht2 confirmed the linkage of Htn1 with Ht2. RFLP analysis of susceptible F sub(2) progeny indicates that Htn1 and Ht2 are not allelic, and Ht2 maps are approximately 10 cM proximal to Htn1. JF - Phytopathology AU - Simcox, K D AU - Bennetzen, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Genet. Res. Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1326 EP - 1330 VL - 83 IS - 12 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - molecular KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Setosphaeria turcica KW - Zea mays KW - markers KW - resistance KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16949546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+molecular+markers+to+study+Setosphaeria+turcica+resistance+in+maize&rft.au=Simcox%2C+K+D%3BBennetzen%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Simcox&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - markers; resistance; Setosphaeria turcica; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis with feeding activity of clover root curculio larvae in alfalfa AN - 16948409; 3615746 AB - Twenty genera of fungi were isolated over a 3-yr period from feeding sites of the clover root curculio (CRC) in roots of field-grown alfalfa. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis was the predominant pathogenic fungus isolated, constituting 63% of all isolates at one sampling. Root diameter, root type, and depth of feeding were not related to the isolation frequencies of specific fungi. In pathogenicity tests, 89% of all F. oxysporum isolates tested caused wilt symptoms in alfalfa. Radial internal spread of fungi from feeding sites was usually limited to the 2 mm of tissue immediately centripetal to the feeding site. F. o. medicaginis, other Fusarium spp., and other fungi were isolated from excised head capsules of field-collected, late-instar larvae of CRC. The addition of 50 CRC eggs to a growth medium infested with F. o. medicaginis inoculum significantly increased the severity of Fusarium wilt in greenhouse experiments. JF - Plant Disease AU - Leath, K T AU - Hower, A A AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Reg. Pasture Res. Lab., University Park, PA 16802, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 799 EP - 802 VL - 77 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Fusarium oxysporum medicaginis KW - Sitono hispidulus KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - feeding behavior KW - Coleoptera KW - interaction KW - colonization KW - vectors KW - wilt KW - Curculionidae KW - pest attack KW - Medicago sativa KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16948409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+f.+sp.+medicaginis+with+feeding+activity+of+clover+root+curculio+larvae+in+alfalfa&rft.au=Leath%2C+K+T%3BHower%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Leath&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Curculionidae; Coleoptera; Medicago sativa; interaction; feeding behavior; colonization; wilt; vectors; pest attack ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental design and analysis in field studies of aquatic vegetation AN - 16938462; 3611636 AB - Field experiments may be useful for researchers and managers concerned with aquatic plants. Since experimental design and statistical analysis are closely related, this paper discusses statistical and practical considerations for conducting and evaluating field experiments with aquatic plants. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of variance, assumptions required for its use, and concepts related to it (e.g., statistical power, means comparison procedures, treatment structure, pseudoreplication, etc.). The paper concludes with a brief introduction to papers in the literature which illustrate the use of field experiments for studying aquatic plants. JF - Lake and Reservoir Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Whitehand, L C AD - USDA/ARS, Aquat. Weed Lab., Bot. Dep., Univ. California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 165 EP - 174 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0743-8141, 0743-8141 KW - freshwater ecology KW - freshwater environments KW - macrophytes KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - environment management KW - aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - methodology KW - sampling KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16938462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.atitle=Experimental+design+and+analysis+in+field+studies+of+aquatic+vegetation&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BWhitehand%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lake+and+Reservoir+Management&rft.issn=07438141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - freshwater ecology; sampling; aquatic plants; environment management; statistical analysis; methodology; macrophytes; freshwater environments; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccination of pigs against pseudorabies with highly attenuated vaccinia (NYVAC) recombinant viruses AN - 16926375; 3600293 AB - Poxvirus recombinants, based on the highly attenuated NYVAC strain of vaccinia virus, containing single gene inserts encoding the pseudorabies virus (PRV) gII, gIII, or gp50 glycoproteins were tested for their immunogenicity in pigs. Twenty-four pigs were randomly divided into six groups of four. Groups 1-3 were inoculated with 10 super(7) CCID sub(50) of NYVAC/PRV gII, NYVAC/PRV gIII, or NYVAC/PRV gp50, respectively, while groups 4 and 5 received the NYVAC parent virus or an inactivated PRV vaccine control, respectively. Group 6 represented the sham vaccinated control group. All inoculations were given by the intramuscular route on weeks 0 and 4. The candidate vaccines were shown to be safe with no local or systemic reactions. At 4 weeks following the second inoculation, all pigs were challenged by an oronasal administration of a virulent PRV strain. Pigs were monitored before and after challenge for clinical manifestations resulting from vaccination and challenge exposure, respectively. Sera were analyzed for PRV neutralizing activity. Virological analyses after challenge included assessment of virus shedding and the development of latent PRV infections. All but one animal developed latent PRV infection following challenge exposure; however, significant protection against PRV-induced signs was afforded by vaccination with either the NYVAC/PRV gp50 or NYVAC/PRV gII recombinant viruses, as well as with the inactivated PRV vaccine. The NYVAC/PRV gp50 also reduced overall virus shedding after challenge. The extent of protection against PRV-induced clinical signs, in general, was associated with the level of pre-challenge virus neutralizing activity. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AU - Tartaglia, J AU - Riviere, M AU - Paoletti, E AU - Mengeling, W L AD - USDA-ARS, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., Virol. Swine Res. Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 41 EP - 58 VL - 38 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vaccinia virus KW - recombinants KW - pseudorabies KW - vaccination KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16926375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Vaccination+of+pigs+against+pseudorabies+with+highly+attenuated+vaccinia+%28NYVAC%29+recombinant+viruses&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M%3BTartaglia%2C+J%3BRiviere%2C+M%3BPaoletti%2C+E%3BMengeling%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recombinants; pseudorabies; vaccination; vaccinia virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Near isogenic lines of soybeans as tools to identify nodulation specific-mutants of Bradyrhizobium elkanii AN - 16896648; 3588986 AB - The dominant allele Rj4 in soybean interdicts or restricts the nodulation of plants by certain strains of bacteria, most of which are classified as Bradyrhizobium elkanii, while the recessive allele permits normal nodulation with the same strains. The near isogenic lines BARC-2 (Rj4) and BARC-3 (rj4) are calculated to be 99.95% identical in their nuclear DNA, but differ specifically in the allele present at the Rj4 locus. These lines were used to identify spontaneous mutants of the Rj4-restricted Bradyrhizobium elkanii, strain USDA 61 Nal super(r) that had the ability to effectively nodulate plants of the Rj4 genotype. Of the eight rare nodules found on roots of soybean plants of the Rj4 genotype inoculated with the genetically marked strain USDA 61 Nal super(r), four were identified as containing mutants with the ability to overcome the effects of the Rj4 allele. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Devine, TE AU - O'Neill, J J AU - Kuykendall, L D AD - Plant Mol. Biol. Lab., USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 205 EP - 209 VL - 149 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Rj4 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - genetic analysis KW - symbiosis KW - nodulation KW - genes KW - Bradyrhizobium elkanii KW - Glycine max KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16896648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Near+isogenic+lines+of+soybeans+as+tools+to+identify+nodulation+specific-mutants+of+Bradyrhizobium+elkanii&rft.au=Devine%2C+TE%3BO%27Neill%2C+J+J%3BKuykendall%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Devine&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic analysis; symbiosis; nodulation; genes; Bradyrhizobium elkanii; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture, native revegetation, and Pinus lambertiana seedling survival, growth, and mycorrhiza formation following wildfire and grass seeding AN - 16895913; 3589510 AB - Grass seeding is widely used for erosion control, but its consequences for soil and regeneration following fire have been measured only infrequently. This study investigates the effect of grass seeding on the type and extent of plant cover; soil moisture percentage; and moisture stress, survival, growth, and root-tip and mycorrhiza formation of Pinus lambertiana (sugar pine) seedlings in a clearcut intensely burned by wildfire. One-year-old containerized sugar pine seedlings were planted in seeded and nonseeded areas in Spring 1988 and 1989 in the Longwood Fire area of southwest Oregon. In 1988, tree seedlings in grass-seeded plots experienced intense competition from the grass, reduced root-tip and mycorrhiza formation, low levels of soil moisture to meet evapotranspirational demand, high levels of mortality, and reduced growth. In 1989, however, the opposite was true: tree seedlings in nonseeded plots experienced competition from invading native annuals and perennials, low levels of soil moisture in summer, and higher levels of mortality. The studies we report here further indicate that, in an area characterized by extended summer drought, annual ryegrass impeded regeneration of sugar pine during the first season following the fire. Native species cover and richness have been significantly reduced in the seeded area and may affect long-term soil stability, productivity, and conifer restoration. Seeding of annual ryegrass at high rates under these conditions would seem ill advised. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Amaranthus, M P AU - Trappe, J M AU - Perry, DA AD - U.S.D.A. For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Box 3890, Portland, OR 92708, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 188 EP - 195 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - soil water KW - incineration KW - drought KW - clearings KW - wildfire KW - Pinus lambertiana KW - Secale KW - seeding KW - mycorrhizas KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - vegetation KW - USA, Oregon KW - forests KW - erosion control KW - water stress KW - soil erosion KW - revegetation KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16895913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture%2C+native+revegetation%2C+and+Pinus+lambertiana+seedling+survival%2C+growth%2C+and+mycorrhiza+formation+following+wildfire+and+grass+seeding&rft.au=Amaranthus%2C+M+P%3BTrappe%2C+J+M%3BPerry%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Amaranthus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus lambertiana; Secale; forests; revegetation; vegetation; erosion control; soil erosion; soil water; incineration; drought; water stress; USA, Oregon; clearings; wildfire; seeding; mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of potato leafroll virus in leaf and aphid extracts by dot-blot hybridization AN - 16887394; 3577494 AB - Cloned cDNA to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) RNA was evaluated for detection of PLRV in virus-infected samples from four states and the countries of Colombia and Russia. The use of formaldehyde was 32 times more effective than formamide for denaturing leaf tissue extracts in the dot-blot assay, and the sensitivity of the technique was estimated to equal that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PLRV detection. These results, use of a commercial leaf sap extractor, detection of virus in bulk aphid samples, and use of the assay in a nonradioactive format demonstrate that the technology has potential for large-scale disease screening programs. JF - Plant Disease AU - Smith, O P AU - Damsteegt, V D AU - Keller, C J AU - Beck, R J AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Sci. Res. Unit, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1098 EP - 1102 VL - 77 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - aphids KW - dot-blot hybridization KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - detection KW - potato leafroll virus KW - leaves KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16887394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Detection+of+potato+leafroll+virus+in+leaf+and+aphid+extracts+by+dot-blot+hybridization&rft.au=Smith%2C+O+P%3BDamsteegt%2C+V+D%3BKeller%2C+C+J%3BBeck%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - potato leafroll virus; leaves; detection; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of nuclear division in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during in vitro development AN - 16868034; 3578695 AB - The number of nuclei in spores and along hyphae of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora margarita was measured in digital images of fluorescence arising from mithramycin stained cultures. Typical dormant spores (250 mu m diameter) contained 2000 nuclei. Eight hundred nuclei were mobilized during the first 3 days of germination. The number of nuclei in the spores nearly returned to the initial number after 22 days of hyphal growth. The average relative DNA content in the nuclei of dormant spores and in the nuclei of spores incubated for 22 days was comparable, as judged from fluorescence intensity. Hyphal elongation occurred with 460 nuclei per cm under a special set of in vitro conditions that promote extensive hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We found an average total of 26 000 hyphal nuclei per germinating spore after 22 days. The specific DNA polymerase alpha inhibitor aphidicolin did not inhibit spore germination but it rapidly reduced the rate of hyphal growth and arrested growth after 4 days. No nuclei were produced de novo during this time. JF - Protoplasma AU - Becard, G AU - Pfeffer, P E AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 62 EP - 68 VL - 174 IS - 1-2 SN - 0033-183X, 0033-183X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - nuclear division KW - in vitro KW - mycorrhizas KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - fungi KW - Gigaspora margarita KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16868034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Protoplasma&rft.atitle=Status+of+nuclear+division+in+arbuscular+mycorrhizal+fungi+during+in+vitro+development&rft.au=Becard%2C+G%3BPfeffer%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Becard&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Protoplasma&rft.issn=0033183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gigaspora margarita; mycorrhizas; fungi; nuclear division; in vitro; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular detection of diverse mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows and their classification with aster yellows, X-disease, and elm yellows MLOs AN - 16867011; 3578199 AB - Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and restriction analyses of PCR-amplified DNA were used to detect and differentiate strains of mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows detected in naturally diseased grapevines in the United States and Italy. At least three major groups of grapevine-infecting MLOs were delineated. FDVA1 MLO, discovered in yellows-diseased grapevines in Virginia, and flavescence doree MLO strain FDU from northern Italy were classified with X-disease MLOs; grapevine yellows-associated MLO strains FDG from Germany, CA1, CH1, SAN1, and SAN2 from northern Italy, and FDB and FDR from southern Italy were classified with aster yellows MLOs; and flavescence doree MLO strain FDF from France was classified in the elm yellows MLO group. The data support consideration of grapevine yellows as a complex of several diseases of diverse etiologies. JF - Phytopathology AU - Prince, J P AU - Davis, R E AU - Wolf, T K AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AU - Mogen, B D AU - Dally, EL AU - Bertaccini, A AU - Credi, R AU - Barba, M AD - USDA-ARS Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1130 EP - 1137 VL - 83 IS - 10 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycoplasma-like organisms KW - diagnosis KW - detection KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - plant diseases KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16867011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Molecular+detection+of+diverse+mycoplasmalike+organisms+%28MLOs%29+associated+with+grapevine+yellows+and+their+classification+with+aster+yellows%2C+X-disease%2C+and+elm+yellows+MLOs&rft.au=Prince%2C+J+P%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BWolf%2C+T+K%3BLee%2C+Ing-Ming%3BMogen%2C+B+D%3BDally%2C+EL%3BBertaccini%2C+A%3BCredi%2C+R%3BBarba%2C+M&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma-like organisms; detection; plant diseases; diagnosis; restriction fragment length polymorphism; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation and characterization of advanced potato breeding clones for resistance to scab by cluster analysis AN - 16838164; 3562938 AB - Seventeen potato breeding lines and four cultivars were evaluated in replicated field trials in Presque Isle, Maine, from 1988 to 1991 for their reaction to scab (Streptomyces scabies). All tubers were individually scored for type of lesion (0 = none to 5 = pitted scab) and surface area covered (0 = 0% to 12 = 100%). Computations were made for lesion index (LI), surface area index (SAI), and overall scab index (OSI). Analyses of variance of LI, SAI, and OSI revealed significant differences among potato lines in 1989-1991. Cluster analyses on the combination of LI and SAI were superior to clustering on OSI alone. Five clusters were defined in 1989-1991. Cluster analysis provides a means to quantitatively compare the scab reactions of new germ plasm with that of cultivars used as disease standards. JF - Plant Disease AU - Goth, R W AU - Haynes, K G AU - Wilson AD - USDA-ARS, Veg. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 911 EP - 914 VL - 77 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - scab KW - Streptomyces scabies KW - plant breeding KW - methodology KW - evaluation KW - A 01028:Others KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16838164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+characterization+of+advanced+potato+breeding+clones+for+resistance+to+scab+by+cluster+analysis&rft.au=Goth%2C+R+W%3BHaynes%2C+K+G%3BWilson&rft.aulast=Goth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease resistance; scab; plant breeding; methodology; evaluation; Solanum tuberosum; Streptomyces scabies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Network and subwatershed parameters extracted from digital elevation models: The Bills Creek experience AN - 16831384; 3565625 AB - An automated extraction of channel network and subwatershed characteristics from digital elevation models (DEM) is performed by model DEDNM. This model can process DEM data of limited vertical resolution representing low relief terrain. Such representations often include ill-defined drainage boundaries and indeterminate flow paths. The application watershed in an 84 km super(2) low relief watershed in southwestern Oklahoma. The standard for validation is the network and subwatershed parameters defined by the blue line method on USGS 7.5-minute topographic maps. Evaluation of the generated and validation networks by visual comparisons shows a high degree of correlation. Comparison of selected network parameters (channel length, slope, drainage density, etc.) and of drainage network composition (bifurcation, length, slope, and area ratios) shows that, on the average, the generated parameters are within 5 percent of those derived from the validation net work. The largest discrepancies were found for the channel slope values. The results of this application demonstrate that DEDNM effectively addresses network definition problems often encountered in low relief terrain and that it can generate accurate network and subwatershed parameters under those conditions. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - Garbrecht, J AU - Martz, L W AD - USDA, Natl. Agric. Water Qual. Lab., P.O. Box 1430, Durant, OK 74702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 909 EP - 916 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - USA, Oklahoma, Bills Creek KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - model studies KW - topography KW - drainage patterns KW - watersheds KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16831384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Network+and+subwatershed+parameters+extracted+from+digital+elevation+models%3A+The+Bills+Creek+experience&rft.au=Garbrecht%2C+J%3BMartz%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Garbrecht&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - model studies; topography; drainage patterns; watersheds; hydrology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spray droplet size for water and paraffinic oil applied at ultralow volume AN - 16824823; 3558441 AB - Spray droplet size of water and paraffinic oil was affected by air pressure, nozzle type, and liquid flow rate when applied with an ultralow volume (ULV), air-assist sprayer. Volume median diameters of water were generally larger than oil at constant air pressure and liquid flow rate. Droplet size decreased as air pressure increased, but increased as liquid flow rate increased. Volume median diameters of water droplets ranged from 41 to 838 mu m and from 16 to 457 mu m with oil when atomized at air pressures ranging from 14 to 84 kPa. Relative spans ranged from 1.2 to 18.0 and 2.0 to 7.2 for water and oil, respectively. JF - Weed Science AU - Hanks, JE AU - McWhorter, C G AD - Applic. Tech. Res. Unit, ARS-USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 799 EP - 807 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - ultralow volume application KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - water pollution control KW - technology KW - herbicides KW - fluid drops KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16824823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Spray+droplet+size+for+water+and+paraffinic+oil+applied+at+ultralow+volume&rft.au=Hanks%2C+JE%3BMcWhorter%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Hanks&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - technology; herbicides; water pollution control; fluid drops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium content of rat hair, nails, and other tissues as affected by concurrent exposure to toxic elements AN - 16824599; 3561360 AB - Here we report that the Se in hair and nails can also be influenced by the concurrent intake of certain toxic elements. Male weanling rats were fed diets containing 2.0 ppm Se as Na sub(2)SeO sub(4) for 4 weeks. Elements were added to the water of 5 groups of rats as follows: none, 10 ppm As as sodium arsenite, 10 ppm Hg as mercuric chloride, 10 ppm Tl as thallium acetate, and 10 ppm Cd as cadmium chloride. Control rats received diets containing 0.1 ppm Se as Na sub(2)SeO sub(4) and distilled water. Hair and nails Se levels were significantly decreased by administration of As, and As decreased red cell, plasma, and kidney Se contents as well. In contrast, Hg decreased hair and nail, but increased plasma, liver, muscle, bone, colon, and kidney Se contents. Tl decreased hair but increased liver and kidney Se content. Cd had no effect on hair or nail Se content but decreased red cell Se levels. JF - Nutrition Research AU - Salbe, AD AU - Morris, V C AU - Levander, O A AD - USDA/ARS Hum. Nutr. Res. Cent., Vitam. and Miner. Nutr. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 31 EP - 36 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0271-5317, 0271-5317 KW - selenium KW - mercury KW - thallium KW - cadmium KW - rats KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - content KW - tissues KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16824599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Research&rft.atitle=Selenium+content+of+rat+hair%2C+nails%2C+and+other+tissues+as+affected+by+concurrent+exposure+to+toxic+elements&rft.au=Salbe%2C+AD%3BMorris%2C+V+C%3BLevander%2C+O+A&rft.aulast=Salbe&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+Research&rft.issn=02715317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - content; tissues ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of swine against foot-and-mouth disease with viral capsid proteins expressed in heterologous systems AN - 16822179; 3768461 AB - Three groups of swine were each inoculated with a different antigen preparation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid proteins and challenged by contact exposure to animals infected with FMDV. One group of four animals was inoculated with an extract from cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the FMDV P1-2A structural protein precursor gene and a portion of the P2 gene. Two out of four animals were protected from clinical disease, but not from virus replication. A second group of animals was inoculated with an extract from Escherichia coli that expressed FMDV proteins from a construct containing the P1-2A gene, a portion of the P2 gene and the 3C protease gene. Three out of four animals in this group did not develop clinical signs of FMD upon challenge and two of four were protected against virus replication. In contrast, inoculation of a third group of swine with an extract from E. coli expressing the same FMDV construct as present in the recombinant baculovirus failed to protect any of the four animals from generalized FMD. JF - Vaccine AU - Grubman, MJ AU - Lewis, SA AU - Morgan, DO AD - USDA/ARS/NAA, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 825 EP - 829 VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - capsid protein KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - vaccines KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16822179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Protection+of+swine+against+foot-and-mouth+disease+with+viral+capsid+proteins+expressed+in+heterologous+systems&rft.au=Grubman%2C+MJ%3BLewis%2C+SA%3BMorgan%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Grubman&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - foot-and-mouth disease virus; capsid protein; vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infiltration characteristics of residential lawns AN - 16820066; 3558402 AB - Sixty-minute, constant-intensity simulated rains were applied to seven infiltration treatments designed to evaluate the influence of stripping and compaction on home lawns. Three treatments simulated home lawn construction practices. The control treatment was undisturbed, the "stripped" treatment had the topsoil removed and replaced, and the "compacted" treatment had the topsoil removed, the exposed surface compacted and the topsoil replaced. All plots were rototilled and raked before sodding to establish the grass. In addition, stripped and compacted treatments were identified and tested on a 6- and a 12-year-old lawn. All treatments were replicated six times. The K and lambda = n psi + na parameters in the Green and Ampt infiltration model were fitted to the cumulative infiltration data for each replication of each of the seven treatments. The time, t sub(r), when runoff began was recorded for each replication. The treatments generally divided into three groups. The most rapid infiltration occurred on the newly constructed control and stripped treatments (K = 85 mm/h), though the shape of the infiltration response and the time to the start of runoff were quite different. The slowest infiltration occurred on the newly constructed and the 12-year-old compacted treatments (K = 33 mm/h). The reduction in infiltration into the compacted layer could still be seen 12 years after the compacted layer was developed even though there was a trend toward faster infiltration with age. An intermediate infiltration response occurred on both the 6-year-old stripped and compacted lawn and the stripped portion of the 12-year-old lawn (K = 54 mm/h). The reduced infiltration into the compacted layer in the 6-year-old lawn was attenuated by repeated aerations. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Partsch, C M AU - Jarrett, A R AU - Watschke, T L AD - USDA-SCS, Morgantown, WV, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1695 EP - 1701 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - simulated rainfall KW - lawns KW - urban areas KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - rainfall-runoff relationships KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16820066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Infiltration+characteristics+of+residential+lawns&rft.au=Partsch%2C+C+M%3BJarrett%2C+A+R%3BWatschke%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Partsch&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; simulated rainfall; lawns; runoff; rainfall-runoff relationships; urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil organic matter, CEC, and moisture sensing with a portable NIR spectrophotometer AN - 16819043; 3558416 AB - Soil reflectance data were collected with a portable near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer and were correlated with soil organic matter content in laboratory and field tests. Laboratory calibrations yielded an r super(2) of 0.89 and a standard error of prediction of 0.40% organic matter with 30 representative Illinois soils at 1.5 MPa and 0.033 MPa moisture tension levels. Limited in-furrow field operation produced much higher errors, due to the movement of soil past the sensor during data acquisition. Estimation of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil moisture content was also accomplished in the laboratory. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Sudduth, KA AU - Hummel, J W AD - Cropping Syst. and Water Qual. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Agric. Eng. Build., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1571 EP - 1582 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - soil water KW - spectrophotometry KW - soil types KW - soil properties KW - data acquisition KW - herbicides KW - organic matter KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16819043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Soil+organic+matter%2C+CEC%2C+and+moisture+sensing+with+a+portable+NIR+spectrophotometer&rft.au=Sudduth%2C+KA%3BHummel%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Sudduth&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic matter; soil water; spectrophotometry; soil types; herbicides; soil properties; data acquisition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cuticular and non-cuticular substrate influence on expression of cuticle-degrading enzymes from conidia of an entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi AN - 16816884; 3549628 AB - Larval cuticle from Trichoplusia ni, Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea, and Heliothis virescens and a cellulose substrate were used to quantify release of proteolytic, chitinolytic, and lipolytic enzymes by germinating conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi. There was no significant difference in conidial viability incubated with T. ni, H. zea or cellulose substrates. Conidial viability on H. virescens cuticle, however, was significantly lower (ca. 19-25%) than the other three substrates. The presence of cuticle substrates, especially cuticle of T. ni, stimulated germination. The nature of the substrate influenced both the time and quantity of the enzymes expressed. Specific proteases (aminopeptidase, chymoelastase, trypsin) generally were expressed earlier and/or in greater quantities on cuticular than on the cellulose substrate. Although both chitinolytic enzymes (endochitinase, N-acetylglucosaminidase) were detected on all three cuticular substrates, their activity was substantially lower than that of the proteolytic enzymes. Lipase activity was only minimally present. Early concurrent release of both proteases and chitinases suggested that both may be important in the penetration of the larval integument by germinating conidia of N. rileyi. Expression of proteases and chitinases, especially aminopeptidase and endochitinase was probably a specific response to cuticle, because little or no activity was expressed on the non-host, cellulose substrate. JF - Mycopathologia AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 79 EP - 87 VL - 122 IS - 2 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cuticles KW - degradation KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - pathogens KW - enzymes KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Cuticular+and+non-cuticular+substrate+influence+on+expression+of+cuticle-degrading+enzymes+from+conidia+of+an+entomopathogenic+fungus%2C+Nomuraea+rileyi&rft.au=El-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nomuraea rileyi; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; cuticles; degradation; enzymes; pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acids in spiroplasmas associated with plants, insects, and ticks AN - 16811467; 3763474 AB - Several spiroplasmas (helical, motile mollicutes) were previously shown to contain extrachromosomal DNA (E-DNA) elements in the form of viruses (double-stranded viruses or the replicative form of single-stranded viruses) or plasmids. These elements are now being investigated as potential vectors for use in spiroplasma transformation systems. Described herein is the first extensive survey of spiroplasma E-DNA in 23 spiroplasma groups (30 strains), a study facilitated by improvements in protocols for E-DNA extraction. E-DNA elements were found in spiroplasmas associated with leafhoppers/plants (spiroplasma subgroups I-1, I-3, and I-8), other insects (subgroups I-2, I-5, I-6, and I-7 and groups IV and XXII), and ticks (subgroup I-4 and groups V and VI). Elements, maintained by passage with their host spiroplasmas, were often lost after extended passage. Whether the current distribution of E-DNA elements is indicative of historical or proximate factors is not known. Many elements (about 75%) from group I spiroplasmas hybridized with Spiroplasma citri viruses SpV1 or SpV3. Of the elements associated with other spiroplasma groups, none hybridized with either virus. These include Spiroplasma apis strains B31 (18 kb) and L89 (18 and 20 kb), S. mirum strains SMCA (20 kb) and Anderson (16 and 20 kb), group VI strain Y32 (7, 9, 10, and 16 kb), and group XXII strain CT-1 (8 kb). Several of these elements will be characterized and examined for their suitability as spiroplasma cloning vectors. JF - Plasmid AU - Gasparich, GE AU - Hackett, K J AU - Clark, E A AU - Renaudin, J AU - Whitcomb, R F AD - Insect Biocontrol Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 81 EP - 93 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0147-619X, 0147-619X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning vectors KW - Spiroplasma KW - DNA KW - J 02725:DNA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16811467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plasmid&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+extrachromosomal+deoxyribonucleic+acids+in+spiroplasmas+associated+with+plants%2C+insects%2C+and+ticks&rft.au=Gasparich%2C+GE%3BHackett%2C+K+J%3BClark%2C+E+A%3BRenaudin%2C+J%3BWhitcomb%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gasparich&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plasmid&rft.issn=0147619X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spiroplasma; DNA; cloning vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Black-tailed jackrabbit preferences for eight forages used for reclamation of Great Basin rangelands AN - 16796486; 3542454 AB - During peak periods of their population cycles black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) may compete with other herbivores for forage and negatively impact the health and production of the forage resource. This study was conducted on the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range near Burns, Oregon. Our objective was to establish the growing season relative preferences of jackrabbits for eight selections of grasses available for reclamation of Great Basin rangelands. Response variables included percent of plants defoliated and degree of utilization from plots supporting equal numbers of all selections. The percent of plants grazed and utilization levels of two crested wheatgrass cultivars were nearly twice those of the other grasses. Two cultivars of basin wildrye and one selection of Russian wildrye were avoided by jackrabbits, while one cultivar of bluebunch wheatgrass and two selections of thick-spiked wheatgrass were passively foraged upon. Seedings of unpalatable cultivars are suggested to: (1) discourage jackrabbit presence in right-of-ways where they pose a danger, (2) to reduce competition between jackrabbits and livestock for forage, or (3) reduce potential damage to ground cover or forage resources in critical areas during jackrabbit population peaks. Conversely, seedings of palatable cultivars might be used to lure jackrabbits away from less palatable, but more valuable crops or forages. JF - Northwest Science AU - Ganskopp, D AU - Myers, B AU - Lambert, S AD - USDA-ARS N. Great Basin Exp., Range, HC 71 4.51 Hwy. 205, Burns, OR 97720, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 246 EP - 250 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Great Basin KW - food preferences KW - Lepus californicus KW - land reclamation KW - management KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16796486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Black-tailed+jackrabbit+preferences+for+eight+forages+used+for+reclamation+of+Great+Basin+rangelands&rft.au=Ganskopp%2C+D%3BMyers%2C+B%3BLambert%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ganskopp&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lepus californicus; USA, Great Basin; food preferences; management; land reclamation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Macrohabitat associations of Merriam's turkeys in the Black Hills, South Dakota AN - 16796228; 3542453 AB - Merriam's turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) were introduced into South Dakota in the late 1940's and have since expanded to occupy the entire Black Hills. Because little is known of their habitat requirements and the effects of forest management practices on this important game species, macrohabitat selections patterns of Merriam's turkeys in the Black Hills, SD were studied. Habitat units of 3-32 ha were delineated and described with methods used by the Forest Service for assessing impacts of management activities on wildlife. Winter habitats of turkeys were ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) with greater than 70% overstory canopy cover. Summer habitats of turkeys were open ponderosa pine. Meadows were selected less than expected during all seasons. Resolution of conflicts over management of national forests depend largely on understanding of effects of management activities on wildlife species. Managing ponderosa pine at 14 to 18 m super(2)/ha basal area in mature stands will reduce winter habitat for turkeys, but is consistent with summer habitat of adult turkeys without poults. JF - Northwest Science AU - Rumble, MA AU - Anderson, SH AD - USDA, For. Serv., Rocky Mt. For. and Range Exp. Stn., 501 East St. Joe, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 238 EP - 245 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - habitat utilization KW - Meleagris gallopavo merriami KW - USA, South Dakota, Black Hills KW - seasonal variations KW - introduced species KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16796228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Macrohabitat+associations+of+Merriam%27s+turkeys+in+the+Black+Hills%2C+South+Dakota&rft.au=Rumble%2C+MA%3BAnderson%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Rumble&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meleagris gallopavo merriami; USA, South Dakota, Black Hills; introduced species; habitat utilization; seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Invert emulsion droplet size and mycoherbicidal activity of Colletotrichum truncatum AN - 16782769; 3536584 AB - When formulated and sprayed in an invert emulsion (IE), conidia of the mycoherbicide, Colletotrichum truncatum, controlled hemp sesbania in the absence of dew. To optimize hemp sesbania control, formulation droplet size influence upon the pathogen's germination and pathogenicity was investigated. Conidia germination in manually produced IE droplets decreased from 46% to 5% as droplet diameter decreased from 2700 to 900 mu m. Droplet size did not affect appressoria formation. On a per conidium basis, 900- mu m droplets were more pathogenic to detached hemp sesbania leaves than were 2100- mu m droplets. An air-assist spray system produced droplet spectra with volume median diameters of 421 and 104 mu m, respectively. The spectrum of smaller droplets covered the target better than did that of larger droplets. When applied to whole hemp sesbania plants in greenhouse trials, conidia in the smaller and larger droplet spectra gave 90 and 94% control, respectively. Sufficient conidia germinated in IE droplets of a variety of sizes to control hemp sesbania excellently. JF - Weed Technology AU - Egley, G H AU - Hanks, JE AU - Boyette, C D AD - Plant Physiol., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Agric. Eng., Applic. Tech. Res. Unit. and Plant Pathol., ARS-USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 417 EP - 424 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - control KW - sprays KW - Colletotrichum truncatum KW - conidia KW - emulsions KW - Sesbania exaltata KW - germination KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16782769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Invert+emulsion+droplet+size+and+mycoherbicidal+activity+of+Colletotrichum+truncatum&rft.au=Egley%2C+G+H%3BHanks%2C+JE%3BBoyette%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Egley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colletotrichum truncatum; Sesbania exaltata; conidia; germination; emulsions; sprays; control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of passaging a defective isolate of impatiens necrotic spot virus at different temperatures AN - 16781047; 3541510 AB - The effects of two temperatures on the cytopathology of a defective isolate of impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV-Igg) were compared with the effects on two normal isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV-NC4 and TSWV-D). INSV-Igg produced very few enveloped virions in plants grown at approximately 20 C. Instead, masses of nucleocapsid (N) protein appeared in characteristic chainlike formations. The N protein was serologically distinct from that of TSWV. In five experiments with eight to 10 mechanical transfers, each at elevated temperatures, one experiment in a greenhouse during summer and the other four in controlled environment chambers (27/24 C, light/dark), virions appeared in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with INSV-Igg between the first and fourth passages and thereafter, were consistently produced. In two out of four growth-chamber experiments, extracts from infected plants grown at 27/24 C (light/dark) did not react in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antisera to INSV N protein after the third passage. This serological change was correlated in one experiment with a change in the appearance of the N protein: Characteristic chains were no longer observed in infected cells, but large, amorphous, electron-dense masses appeared in which virions were visible. These masses failed to react with antisera to INSV N protein in immunogold-labeling experiments. In parallel serial passages at 21/18 C (light/dark), virions were not observed in infected plants. Cytopathology and serological reactivity of the N protein remained unaltered. Passaging at different temperatures did not alter the cytopathology of plants infected with TSWV-NC4 or TSWV-D. The high temperature triggered an increase in production of virions in the INSV-Igg culture and was sometimes accompanied by an antigenic change in the N protein. JF - Phytopathology AU - Lawson, R H AU - Dienelt, M M AU - Hsu, H T AD - USDA-ARS, Florist and Nursery Crops Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 662 EP - 670 VL - 83 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Nicotiana benthamiana KW - impatiens necrotic spot virus KW - cytopathology KW - temperature tolerance KW - defective mutant KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22184:Cytological studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16781047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+passaging+a+defective+isolate+of+impatiens+necrotic+spot+virus+at+different+temperatures&rft.au=Lawson%2C+R+H%3BDienelt%2C+M+M%3BHsu%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=662&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nicotiana benthamiana; impatiens necrotic spot virus; temperature tolerance; cytopathology; defective mutant ER - TY - CONF T1 - Vegetation redistribution: A possible biosphere source of CO sub(2) during climatic change AN - 16779159; 3540733 AB - A new biogeographic model, MAPSS, predicts changes in vegetation leaf area index (LAI), site water balance and runoff, as well as changes in Biome boundaries. Potential scenarios of equilibrium vegetation redistribution under 2 x CO sub(2) climate from five different General Circulation Models (GCMs) are presented. In general, large spatial shifts in temperate and boreal vegetation are predicted under the different scenarios; while, tropical vegetation boundaries are predicted (with one exception) to experience minor distribution contractions. Maps of predicted changes in forest LAI imply drought-induced losses of biomass over most forested regions, even in the tropics. Regional patterns of forest decline and dieback are surprisingly consistent among the five GCM scenarios, given the general lack of consistency in predicted changes in regional precipitation patterns. Two factors contribute to the consistency among the GCMs of the regional ecological impacts of climatic change: 1) regional, temperature-induced increases in potential evapotranspiration (PET) tend to more than offset regional increases in precipitation; and, 2) the unchanging background interplay between the general circulation and the continental margins and mountain ranges produces a fairly stable pattern of regionally specific sensitivity to climatic change. Two areas exhibiting among the greatest sensitivity to drought-induced forest decline are eastern North America and eastern Europe to western Russia. Drought-induced vegetation decline (losses of LAI), predicted under all GCM scenarios, will release CO sub(2) to the atmosphere; while, expansion of forests at high latitudes will sequester CO sub(2). The imbalance in these two rate processes could produce a large, transient pulse of CO sub(2) to the atmosphere. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Neilson, R P Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 659 EP - 673 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - vegetation changes KW - biogeography KW - models KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - greenhouse effect KW - climatic changes KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16779159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Vegetation+redistribution%3A+A+possible+biosphere+source+of+CO+sub%282%29+during+climatic+change&rft.au=Neilson%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Neilson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Managing crop residues for the retention of carbon AN - 16778502; 3540706 AB - Soil organic matter, a major sink for carbon, is controlled by many factors that have complex interactions. The management of crop residues is of primary importance. Reduced tillage and no-tillage practices result in a significant build-up of soil organic matter because they greatly reduce the rates of decomposition of both the native soil organic matter and of the crop residues. The crop residues decompose slower because most remain on the soil surface where there is less biological activity, and the native soil organic matter decomposes slower because there is less tillage for aerating the soil and for breaking the aggregates that expose organic compounds to the soil microorganisms. Crop residues, however, are highly variable. Although most crop residues contain about 40 percent carbon, the nitrogen contents range from very low to more than 3.5 percent. For carbon to be stabilized in the soil as organic matter, there must be adequate nitrogen available in the system and this factor is frequently overlooked. Climate is often the most critical factor determining the sustainability and enhancement of soil organic matter. As temperatures increase, organic matter decomposition, particularly in frequently tilled soils, is greatly accelerated. As precipitation decreases, there is less biomass produced for replenishing decomposed carbon. Consequently, soil organic matter maintenance becomes increasingly difficult in either hot or arid regions, and particularly difficult in areas that are both hot and arid. Semiarid regions comprise almost 40% of the world's land area so management of crop residues in these fragile areas is important in relation to the global C picture. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Stewart, BA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 373 EP - 380 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - agricultural practices KW - crop residues KW - semiarid environments KW - storage KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16778502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Managing+crop+residues+for+the+retention+of+carbon&rft.au=Stewart%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of atmospheric exposure on chlorophyll a, biomass and productivity of the epilithon of a tailwater river AN - 16775844; 3531083 AB - Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of atmospheric exposure on the chlorophyll a content, biomass and gross primary productivity (GPP) of littoral epilithon in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. The chlorophyll a content of the epilithon was much more sensitive to exposure than the biomass. The epilithon was rapidly bleached during summer daytime exposures, but algal filaments remained attached for several weeks after reinundation. The percentage of initial chlorophyll a remaining after one day of exposure was not different from the percentage remaining after two days of exposure. However, significant reductions in chlorophyll a content were detected for daytime exposures as short as six hours. Overall, there were close inverse relationships (r super(2) greater than or equal to 0.73) between the time exposed or cumulative solar radiation (400-700 nm) and the percentage of initial chlorophyll a remaining after reinundation. The GPP of Cladophora glomerata-dominated epilithon from the permanently inundated channel was 10 times higher than the GPP of epilithon from the zone of daily water level fluctuation. Experimental atmospheric exposure of the epilithon from each zone reduced the GPP, but not the assimilation ratio (GPP per unit of chlorophyll a) of the epilithon. The Glen Canyon epilithon has low resistance to exposure disturbances, and recolonization is slow under hydropower peaking flow regimes. Cladophora glomerata has an important structural role in Glen Canyon, the disruption of which is likely to precipitate effects at higher trophic levels. JF - Regulated Rivers: Research & Management AU - Angradi, T R AU - Kubly, D M AD - USDA For. Serv., Northeastern For. Exp. Stn., Timber and Watershed Lab., Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 345 EP - 358 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0886-9375, 0886-9375 KW - air exposure KW - chlorophyll KW - chlorophylls KW - environmental effects KW - epilithon KW - exposure tolerance KW - hydroelectric power KW - phytobenthos KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - biomass KW - Freshwater KW - dams KW - USA, Arizona, Colorado R., Glen Canyon Dam KW - Cladophora glomerata KW - primary production KW - periphyton KW - solar radiation KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16775844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+atmospheric+exposure+on+chlorophyll+a%2C+biomass+and+productivity+of+the+epilithon+of+a+tailwater+river&rft.au=Angradi%2C+T+R%3BKubly%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Angradi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulated+Rivers%3A+Research+%26+Management&rft.issn=08869375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air exposure; phytobenthos; exposure tolerance; biomass; periphyton; dams; solar radiation; primary production; hydroelectric power; environmental effects; chlorophylls; chlorophyll; Cladophora glomerata; USA, Arizona, Colorado R., Glen Canyon Dam; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of the bird repellent, methyl anthranilate, to fry of Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Ictalurus punctatus and Lepomis macrochirus AN - 16774121; 3533375 AB - Several laboratory and field studies have shown methyl anthranilate to be an effective, non-toxic and non-lethal bird repellent, with application potential for protecting crops, seeds, turf and fish stocks from bird damage. Furthermore, methyl anthranilate can be added to liquids for the purposes of protecting migratory birds. Despite the favorable outlook for methyl anthranilate's use as a safe repellent, no data exist on its environmental fate and effects. We have tested the acute toxicity of methyl anthranilate in a static system against the fry of four species of fish. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was 32.3 mg/liter, with the no observable effect limit at 6 mg/liter. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Richardson) was 23.5 mg/liter with the no observable effect limit at 5 mg/liter. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.) was estimated to be 20.1 mg/liter, with the no observable effect limit at 7 mg/liter. The LC sub(50) at 24 h for bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Raf.) was estimated to be 19.8 mg/liter, with the no observable effect limit at 7 mg/liter. JF - Pesticide Science AU - Clark, L AU - Cummings, J AU - Bird, S AU - Aronov, E AD - USDA Anim. Plant Health Insp. Serv., Anim. Damage Control, Denver Wild. Res. Cent., Denver Fed. Cent., Build. 16, Denver, CO 80225, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 313 EP - 317 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0031-613X, 0031-613X KW - acute toxicity KW - aquatic birds KW - freshwater fish KW - lethal effects KW - methyl anthranilate KW - repellents KW - toxicity testing KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Salmo salar KW - Lepomis macrochirus KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16774121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Science&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+the+bird+repellent%2C+methyl+anthranilate%2C+to+fry+of+Salmo+salar%2C+Oncorhynchus+mykiss%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus+and+Lepomis+macrochirus&rft.au=Clark%2C+L%3BCummings%2C+J%3BBird%2C+S%3BAronov%2C+E&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Science&rft.issn=0031613X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; freshwater fish; toxicity tests; lethal effects; repellents; toxicity testing; acute toxicity; Lepomis macrochirus; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmo salar; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence and movement of sethoxydim residues in three Minnesota soils AN - 16770717; 3533451 AB - The persistence and movement of sethoxydim residues were determined in the top 45 cm of an Estherville sandy loam (sl), Port Byron silt loam (sil), and Webster clay loam (cl) in the field. Analysis of sethoxydim residues simultaneously quantified parent and eight metabolites by conversion to a common volatile end product, 3-[2(ethylsulfonyl)propyl]-pentanedioic acid dimethyl ester, followed by analysis using gas chromatography (GC) and a flame photometric detector. Recovery of residues from soil spiked with 100 mu g/kg was 86 plus or minus 21%. Residues remaining in soil 21 days after treatment (DAT) in 1989 were 37, 51, and 29% of the applied sethoxydim in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, 86, 52, and 24% remained in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Alachlor remaining 21 DAT in 1989 was 66, 52, and 65% of that applied in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, it was 16, 13, and 100% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Atrazine had the greatest % of applied chemical remaining 21 DAT in 1989: 100, 71, and 73% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Of the atrazine applied in 1990, atrazine remaining 21 DAT was 87% in the sl, 42% in the sil, and 100% in the cl. Over all soils and years, the amount of total sethoxydim residues remaining 137 DAT was the least of the three herbicides. In terms of leaching, sethoxydim residues showed least movement, with minimal detections below 0 to 15 cm. Although sethoxydim appears to be advantageous over alachlor and atrazine in terms of potential impact on ground water quality, additional information regarding composition of the detected residues is needed to better assess its environmental impact. JF - Weed Science AU - Koskinen, W C AU - Reynolds, K M AU - Buhler, D D AU - Wyse, D L AU - Barber, B L AU - Jarvis, L J AD - Soil and Water Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 634 EP - 640 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - atrazine KW - alachlor KW - soil types KW - comparison studies KW - groundwater contamination KW - sethoxydim KW - residues KW - pollutant persistence KW - pollution dispersion KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - leachates KW - herbicides KW - USA, Minnesota KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16770717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Persistence+and+movement+of+sethoxydim+residues+in+three+Minnesota+soils&rft.au=Koskinen%2C+W+C%3BReynolds%2C+K+M%3BBuhler%2C+D+D%3BWyse%2C+D+L%3BBarber%2C+B+L%3BJarvis%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Koskinen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=634&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; groundwater pollution; leachates; soil types; comparison studies; USA, Minnesota; residues; pollutant persistence; pollution dispersion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect cuticle and yeast extract effects on germination, growth, and production of hydrolytic enzymes by Nomuraea rileyi AN - 16765742; 3527200 AB - Larval cuticle of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea and yeast extract added to a minimal medium (MM) induced germination of conidia of Nomuraea rileyi whereas sterile distilled water or MM alone did not. Yeast extract increased mycelial yield, but when cuticle was added, mycelial yield significantly decreased. Proteases and chitinases of N. rileyi were only expressed when cuticle was added to the MM. JF - Mycopathologia AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 143 EP - 147 VL - 122 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - effects on KW - yeast extract KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - cuticles KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - enzymes KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - Lepidoptera KW - germination KW - growth KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Insect+cuticle+and+yeast+extract+effects+on+germination%2C+growth%2C+and+production+of+hydrolytic+enzymes+by+Nomuraea+rileyi&rft.au=El-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cuticles; enzymes; entomopathogenic fungi; growth; germination; Helicoverpa zea; Nomuraea rileyi; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and dot hybridizations distinguish mycoplasmalike organisms associated with Flavescence doree and southern European grapevine yellows disease in Italy AN - 16765521; 3533413 AB - Biotinylated cloned DNA probes were employed in dot hybridizations and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses to compare mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with two grapevine yellows diseases (strain FDU of flavescence doree MLO from northern Italy and strain FDB of southern European grapevine yellows MLO from southern Italy) and Italian periwinkle virescence disease (MLO strain G from northern Italy). Results from dot hybridizations using six probes containing cloned DNA of MLO strain FDU, of MLO strain G, or of American aster yellows MLO strain AY1, revealed that FDU and FDB shared some regions of DNA sequence homology with one another as well as with MLO strains G and AY1, but all four MLOs were mutually distinguished. RFLP patterns of chromosomal DNA from southern European grapevine yellows MLO strain FDB exhibited some similarities with those from MLO strain G but were markedly different from those exhibited by DNA from flavescence doree MLO strain FDU. The results indicate that at least two distinct MLOs are associated with grapevine yellows in Italy. JF - Phytopathology AU - Davis, R E AU - Dally, EL AU - Bertaccini, A AU - Lee, I-M AU - Credi, R AU - Osler, R AU - Savino, V AU - Carraro, L AU - Di Terlizzi, B AU - Barba, M AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 772 EP - 776 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Scaphoideus titanus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycoplasma-like organisms KW - Vitis vinifera KW - hybridization analysis KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - strains KW - Italy KW - flavescence doree KW - comparison KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+analyses+and+dot+hybridizations+distinguish+mycoplasmalike+organisms+associated+with+Flavescence+doree+and+southern+European+grapevine+yellows+disease+in+Italy&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BDally%2C+EL%3BBertaccini%2C+A%3BLee%2C+I-M%3BCredi%2C+R%3BOsler%2C+R%3BSavino%2C+V%3BCarraro%2C+L%3BDi+Terlizzi%2C+B%3BBarba%2C+M&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=772&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma-like organisms; hybridization analysis; restriction fragment length polymorphism; strains; comparison; flavescence doree; Vitis vinifera; Italy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forage yield losses in hybrid pearl millet due to leaf blight caused primarily by Pyricularia grisea AN - 16763771; 3528345 AB - The effects of leaf blight, caused primarily by Pyricularia grisea, on forage yield and digestibility of pearl millet hybrids were evaluated in 1990, 1991, and 1992. A range of disease severities on Pyricularia-susceptible hybrid Tifleaf 1 and on the resistant, near-isogenic hybrid Tifleaf 2 were established by inoculation with P. grisea or by application of chlorothalonil. Even with irrigation, no appreciable leaf blight developed in the dry 1990 season. In 1991 and 1992, disease severities (percentage of foliage with chlorosis and necrosis) in individual plots ranged from 3 to 35%. Leaf blight severity in 1991 and 1992 was negatively correlated with green plot yield, dry matter yield, and digestible dry matter yield. In vitro dry matter digestibility was unaffected by disease, and the response of dry matter concentration was inconsistent between years. Within the range of severities obtained, digestible dry matter yield decreased linearly with increases in leaf blight severity. Based on observed leaf blight severities of the Pyricularia-resistant Tifleaf 2, the regression equations estimate that minor pathogens that contribute to the leaf blight complex may reduce digestible dry matter yield of this hybrid by as much as 19%. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wilson, J P AU - Gates, R N AD - USDA-ARS Forage and Turf Res. Unit, Univ. Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Stn., Tifton, GA 31793, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 739 EP - 744 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Pennisetum glaucum KW - Pyricularia grisea KW - yield KW - leaf blight KW - dry matter KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16763771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Forage+yield+losses+in+hybrid+pearl+millet+due+to+leaf+blight+caused+primarily+by+Pyricularia+grisea&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+P%3BGates%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyricularia grisea; Pennisetum glaucum; leaf blight; yield; dry matter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of leafy spurge by Alternaria alternata and A. angustiovoidea in the absence of dew AN - 16763681; 3528258 AB - An invert emulsion carrier (IEC, water-in-oil type) was developed that could be applied easily with a garden sprayer (3.785 L with T-Jet 8002 nozzle) and that showed negligible phytotoxicity to leafy spurge. The IEC contained an oil phase and a water phase (1:1, v/v). The oil phase contained 20 ml of mineral oil, 2 ml of Myverol 18-99, 80 ml of Orchex 796, and 6 g of paraffin wax. The water phase contained 0.5 g of sucrose, 0.1 ml of Tween 20, and 100 ml of tap water. Eighty-five percent of conidia of Alternaria alternata and A. angustiovoidea germinated in the IEC in uncovered petri dishes in the greenhouse in the absence of dew at 21-25 C. However, less than 10% of conidia of A. alternata and 0% of that of A. angustiovoidea germinated in the aqueous sucrose solution under the same greenhouse conditions. When conidia of both Alternaria species were suspended in the IEC and sprayed onto leafy spurge, the plants were infected and killed in the absence of dew in growth chambers, greenhouse, and field plots. JF - Phytopathology AU - Yang, S-M AU - Johnson AU - Dowler, WM AU - Connick, WJ Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Dis.-Weed Sci. Res. Unit, Fort Detrick, Build. 1301, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 953 EP - 958 VL - 83 IS - 9 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Alternaria angustiovoidea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Euphorbia esula KW - Alternaria alternata KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16763681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Infection+of+leafy+spurge+by+Alternaria+alternata+and+A.+angustiovoidea+in+the+absence+of+dew&rft.au=Yang%2C+S-M%3BJohnson%3BDowler%2C+WM%3BConnick%2C+WJ+Jr&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=S-M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Euphorbia esula; Alternaria alternata; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of cuticle source and concentration on expression of hydrolytic enzymes by an entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi AN - 16763476; 3527193 AB - The effects of cuticle from larvae of Trichoplusia ni and Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea on expression of proteases and chitinases by germinating conidia of Nomuraea rileyi in submerged cultures were studied. Increasing the concentration of T. ni or H. zea cuticle resulted in a 13- and 15-fold increase in protease activity, respectively. Endochitinase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity on the T. ni and H. zea substrates increased as cuticular concentrations increased to 2.5%, then stabilized or decreased thereafter. The simultaneous expression of both proteases and chitinases suggests that they are controlled by a multiple-regulatory system. JF - Mycopathologia AU - El-Sayed, G N AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Leathers, T D AU - Gupta, S C AD - Biol. Control Insects Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO 65201, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 149 EP - 152 VL - 122 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - effects on KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - cuticles KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Noctuidae KW - Nomuraea rileyi KW - enzymes KW - entomopathogenic fungi KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16763476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Effects+of+cuticle+source+and+concentration+on+expression+of+hydrolytic+enzymes+by+an+entomopathogenic+fungus%2C+Nomuraea+rileyi&rft.au=El-Sayed%2C+G+N%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BLeathers%2C+T+D%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=El-Sayed&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cuticles; enzymes; entomopathogenic fungi; Trichoplusia ni; Helicoverpa zea; Nomuraea rileyi; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - CONF T1 - Carbon trends of productive temperate forests of the coterminous United States AN - 16761724; 3523469 AB - Carbon trends of U.S. timberlands reflect past and current harvesting patterns and forest growth. Using periodic forest inventory data coupled with the Carbon Budget Model, we estimate C inventory from 1952 to the present, and project future trends through 2070. Two sets of projections are presented, one based on economically derived harvest levels and the other assuming no harvests after 1990. Productive forest sequester an average of 250 Tg C yr super(-1) from 1952-1987, but projections under expected harvests assuming no changes in growing conditions indicate this rate will fall to 60 Tg C yr super(-1) from 1987 to at least 2050, and then become a C source by 2070. Carbon sequestered in products and landfills over the projection period average 75 Tg C yr super(-1). An estimated 328 Tg C yr super(-1) would be sequestered if harvesting ceased. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Heath, L S AU - Birdsey, R A Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 279 EP - 293 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - USA KW - carbon cycle KW - storage KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16761724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Carbon+trends+of+productive+temperate+forests+of+the+coterminous+United+States&rft.au=Heath%2C+L+S%3BBirdsey%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Analysis of agroecosystem carbon pools AN - 16756797; 3527315 AB - We present analyses of major driving variable controls on soil C in agroecosystems. Historical changes in soil C storage in agricultural soils are characterized by large losses during transition from natural grasslands and forests. A major driver in more recent times is the steadily increasing rate of net primary production of major land areas in agriculture. Simulation and analytical models are used to predict trajectories and potential soil C storage under possible scenarios of changed management and climate. Database and analytical requirements for extrapolation from regional to global scales are outlined. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Cole, V AU - Paustian, K AU - Elliott, E T AU - Metherell, AK AU - Ojima, D S AU - Parton, W J Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 357 EP - 371 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - agricultural ecosystems KW - storage KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16756797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+agroecosystem+carbon+pools&rft.au=Cole%2C+V%3BPaustian%2C+K%3BElliott%2C+E+T%3BMetherell%2C+AK%3BOjima%2C+D+S%3BParton%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of comandra blister rust on growth and survival of lodgepole pine AN - 16756773; 3528181 AB - Comandra blister rust, caused by the fungus Cronartium comandrae, reduced growth and survival of lodgepole pine trees (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia) in the central Rocky Mountains. Stem analyses were used to determine annual increments of total cubic bolewood volume for 74 lodgepole pine trees 4-22 m tall, cankered by comandra blister rust. Mean annual increments after canker establishment were reduced 32% for trees with crown tops killed by comandra blister rust (spiked) and 9% for trees not yet girdled. Volume increments of spiked trees decreased each year after canker establishment until crown loss (top-kill) occurred; afterward, increments remained small and constant. Bolewood in spiked trees was sound but split and cracked above the canker. Reductions in radial increments for 140 spiked trees decreased with tree age when they were top-killed and increased with severity of crown loss, measured as the proportion of stem length above canker center. Total and sapwood basal areas, crown ratio, and basal area increment were highly correlated among spiked trees. Sixty percent of 2,070 trees on either temporary or monitored plots survived top-kill; percent survival increased with canker height. On 15 remeasured plots, no spiked trees with cankers higher than 13 m had died during the past 5 yr; trees with cankers lower than 13 m died at rates inversely proportional to canker height. Functions describing expected reductions in radial increment and survival can be incorporated into stand-growth and yield models to provide better estimates of disease effects. JF - Phytopathology AU - Geils, B W AU - Jacobi, W R AD - USDA, For. Serv., Rocky Mountain For. Range Exp. Stn., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 638 EP - 644 VL - 83 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Cronartium comandrae KW - Pinus contorta subsp.latifolia KW - comandra blister rust KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - blister rust KW - growth KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16756773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+comandra+blister+rust+on+growth+and+survival+of+lodgepole+pine&rft.au=Geils%2C+B+W%3BJacobi%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Geils&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - growth; blister rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swainson's hawk predation on dragonflies in Argentina AN - 16750145; 3525220 AB - Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) have a diverse diet consisting of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and a wide array of invertebrates. Predation on invertebrates generally involves flocks of Swainson's Hawks preying on aggregations of invertebrates. Here we report on Swainson's Hawk predation on invertebrates in Argentina that was notable because of the taxon involved and the magnitude of the event. On 17 December 1991, we observed an aggregation of dragonflies (Odonata, Anisoptera) approximately 6 km NE of San Clemente del Tuyu, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. When first observed at a distance of 2-4 km, we thought the dragonfly aggregation was smoke from a grassfire. The aggregation was moving north in association with a weather front that passed our position coincident with the passage of the dragonflies. The wind shifted from the north (40 kph) to the south (30 kph), and the ambient temperature dropped approximately 6-8 degree C. We estimated the aggregation to be approximately 1000 m in diameter and in excess of 500 m in height. Ground velocity of the aggregation was estimated at 12-15 kph. The density of individuals within the aggregation was estimated at 10-15/m super(3) in the lower portion of the column, and declined only minimally until near the upper limits. The calculated number of dragonflies based on these estimates is 3.9-5.9 x 10 super(9) individuals. Associated with the dragonflies were 200-300 Swainson's Hawks foraging actively in the upper portions of the aggregation. Many individuals were soaring at great heights above the aggregation. The hawks captured dragonflies by soaring into the aggregation and seizing individuals in their talons. They would then proceed to feed on the dragonflies while soaring and maintaining pace with the rapidly moving aggregation. This foraging behavior is similar to accounts of Swainson's Hawks preying on grasshoppers (Woffinden 1986), dobsonflies, and unidentified insects (Bent 1937). JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Fisher, C D AD - Wildl. Habitat and Silvic. Lab., South. Forest Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 365 EP - 366 VL - 105 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Buteo swainsonii KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Argentina KW - predation KW - Odonata KW - feeding behavior KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16750145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Swainson%27s+hawk+predation+on+dragonflies+in+Argentina&rft.au=Rudolph%2C+D+C%3BFisher%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odonata; Argentina; predation; feeding behavior ER - TY - CONF T1 - Contribution of temperate forests to the world's carbon budget AN - 16748701; 3523447 AB - Temperate forests currently cover about 600 MHa, about half of their potential. Almost all these forests have been directly impacted by humans. The total living biomass in trees (including roots) was estimated to contain 33.7 Gt C. The total C pool for the entire forest biome was estimated as 98.8 Gt. The current net sink flux of biomass was calculated at 205 Mt yr super(-1), with a similar amount removed in harvests for manufacture into various products. The major cause of this C sink is forest regrowth. Forest regrowth is possible because fossil fuels are the major source of energy in temperate countries, instead of fuelwood. Future C in these forests will be greatly influenced by human activity. Options to sequester more C include conservation of forest resources, activities that increase forest productivity such as adopting rotation ages to optimize C production, afforestation, improvement of wood utilization, and waste management. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Heath, L S AU - Kauppi, P E AU - Burschel, P AU - Gregor, H-D AU - Guderian, R AU - Kohlmaier, G H AU - Lorenz, S AU - Overdieck, D AU - Scholz, F AU - Thomasiu, H AU - Weber, M Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 55 EP - 69 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - temperate environments KW - carbon cycle KW - storage KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16748701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+temperate+forests+to+the+world%27s+carbon+budget&rft.au=Heath%2C+L+S%3BKauppi%2C+P+E%3BBurschel%2C+P%3BGregor%2C+H-D%3BGuderian%2C+R%3BKohlmaier%2C+G+H%3BLorenz%2C+S%3BOverdieck%2C+D%3BScholz%2C+F%3BThomasiu%2C+H%3BWeber%2C+M&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Further studies on the efficacy of an inactivated African horse sickness serotype 4 vaccine AN - 16746617; 3522765 AB - The immunity induced by two inoculations of a commercial inactivated African horse sickness (AHS) serotype 4 (AHSV-4) vaccine was studied. No adverse reaction was observed in five horses following vaccination. Following challenge-inoculation, no clinical signs attributable to AHS, no viraemia indicating infection, and no anamnestic response was observed in the vaccinated ponies. The utility of an efficacious inactivated AHS vaccine in the control and eradication of AHS from a non-endemic area is discussed. The lack of viraemia following vaccination with an inactivated vaccine and the prevention of vector infection by animals exposed to field virus are important in the eradication of AHS. JF - Vaccine AU - House, JA AU - Lombard, M AU - Dubourget, P AU - House, C AU - Mebus, CA AD - USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl. Vet. Serv. Lab., Foreign Anim. Dis. Diagn. Lab., Plum Island, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 142 EP - 144 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - horses KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - African horse sickness virus KW - efficacy KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16746617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Further+studies+on+the+efficacy+of+an+inactivated+African+horse+sickness+serotype+4+vaccine&rft.au=House%2C+JA%3BLombard%2C+M%3BDubourget%2C+P%3BHouse%2C+C%3BMebus%2C+CA&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; efficacy; African horse sickness virus ER - TY - CONF T1 - Agricultural sources and sinks of carbon AN - 16745457; 3523429 AB - Most existing agricultural lands have been in production for sufficiently long periods that C inputs and outputs are nearly balanced and they are neither a major source nor sink of atmospheric C. As population increases, food requirements and the need for more crop land increase accordingly. An annual conversion of previously uncultivated lands up to 1.5 x 10 super(7) hectares may be expected. It is this new agricultural land which suffers the greatest losses of C during and subsequent to its conversion. The primary focus for analysis of future C fluxes in agroecosystems needs to be on current changes in land use and management as well as on direct effects of CO sub(2) and climate change. A valid assessment of C pools and fluxes in agroecosystems requires a global soils data base and comprehensive information on land use and management practices. A comprehensive effort to assemble and analyze this information is urgently needed. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Cole, C AU - Flach, K AU - Lee, J AU - Sauerbeck, D AU - Stewart, B Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 111 EP - 122 VL - 70 IS - 1-4 KW - agricultural ecosystems KW - carbon KW - carbon dioxide KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - climatic changes KW - carbon cycle KW - land use KW - storage KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Agricultural+sources+and+sinks+of+carbon&rft.au=Cole%2C+C%3BFlach%2C+K%3BLee%2C+J%3BSauerbeck%2C+D%3BStewart%2C+B&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rust resistance in asparagus F sub(1) hybrid populations AN - 16745318; 3521213 AB - Rust severity was evaluated 3 yr in the field using the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) to classify rust resistance in 10 asparagus F sub(1) hybrid populations derived from crosses among parents resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible to Puccinia asparagi. The effect of genotype on rust severity was highly significant, and progeny were continuously distributed from low to high AUDPC in all 10 populations, indicating quantitative inheritance. The estimate of heritability using regression of offspring on the male parent was 55%. Highly resistant parents from the cultivars Jersey Giant and Jersey Titan had significantly greater specific combining abilities than parents from moderately resistant or susceptible cultivars. Progeny means were significantly skewed toward low AUDPC values, suggesting dominant resistance. Transgressive segregation for resistance was not observed in populations from highly resistant parents, but it was observed in some populations from moderately resistant parents. JF - Plant Disease AU - Johnson, DA AU - Peaden, R N AD - Washington State Univ., USDA-ARS, Irrigated Agric. Res. Extension Cent., Prosser, WA 99350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1144 EP - 1148 VL - 77 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - disease resistance KW - hybrids KW - Puccinia asparagi KW - resistance KW - rust KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Rust+resistance+in+asparagus+F+sub%281%29+hybrid+populations&rft.au=Johnson%2C+DA%3BPeaden%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia asparagi; rust; resistance; hybrids; disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with global occurrences of Septoria nodorum blotch and Septoria tritici blotch of wheat AN - 16745286; 3521202 AB - Changes in incidence and severity of Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) and Septoria tritici blotch (STB) have been noted in recent years in several wheat-growing areas of the world. A questionnaire was designed to identify factors associated with occurrence and development of these diseases. The questionnaire was sent to Septoria workers worldwide, and 71 responses were received and analyzed. The most important factors found relating to disease occurrence were: 1) latitude, 2) non-growing season precipitation, 3) growing season precipitation, 4) application of phosphorus, and 5) frequency of minimum or reduced tillage. Latitude effects were in agreement with general observations of SNB and STB occurrence. Also, growing season precipitation was important with regard to occurrence and severity of these diseases. Influential factors that were not expected were non-growing season precipitation and application of phosphorus fertilizer. Additionally, reduced or minimum tillage was shown to be negatively associated with disease levels, an effect opposite to that reported for other pathosystems under long-term controlled conditions. The study demonstrated the need for further investigation by a multidisciplinary team of scientists under long-term controlled conditions in order to understand the unexpected results of our survey. JF - Plant Disease AU - Leath, S AU - Scharen, AL AU - Dietz-Holmes, ME AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh NC 27695-7616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1266 EP - 1270 VL - 77 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Septoria nodorum KW - Triticum aestivum KW - factors KW - Septoria tritici KW - blotch KW - world KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16745286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+global+occurrences+of+Septoria+nodorum+blotch+and+Septoria+tritici+blotch+of+wheat&rft.au=Leath%2C+S%3BScharen%2C+AL%3BDietz-Holmes%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Leath&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Septoria nodorum; Septoria tritici; blotch; factors; world ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence, distribution, and pathogenicity of the cowpea root and stem rot pathogen, Phytophthora vignae, in soils of Sri Lanka AN - 16742164; 3521196 AB - A Phytophthora sp. isolated from stem and root lesions of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata 'California Blackeye') grown in a mixture of riverbank and forest soils in containers under greenhouse conditions was identified as P. vignae based on morphological characters and pathogenicity tests. P. vignae was isolated from soils in three of five cowpea-growing districts of Sri Lanka by baiting with plants of the susceptible cowpea cultivar California Blackeye or by floating disks of tea leaves over soil. However, the root and stem disease was apparent at only one site, suggesting that some field soils might be suppressive. Among the 25 field soils tested, the disease potential index varied from 0 in many fields to 16 in one field. Among the cowpea cultivars grown in Sri Lanka, MI-35, ETA, Muttessa, and Sudumung were most resistant. The U.S. cultivars Mississippi Purple, Purple Hulk, and Hercules were resistant to most isolates but susceptible to three-P006, P007, and P009. The morphological characters and pathogenicity of these three isolates on the U.S. cultivars differed from those of the other isolates, suggesting they were of a different race(s). No other legume tested-Vigna radiata (green gram), V. mungo (black gram), Phaseolus vulgaris (cvs. Top Crop, French Bean, and Kentucky Wonder), Glycine max (soybean), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Mucuna pruriens (velvetbean), and Lanka kadala-was susceptible to the cowpea pathogen. JF - Plant Disease AU - Dilantha Fernando, WG AU - Linderman, R G AD - Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Oregon State Univ., USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97330 USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1158 EP - 1164 VL - 77 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Phytophthora vignae KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - roots KW - pathogenicity KW - Sri Lanka KW - Vigna unguiculata KW - resistance KW - stems KW - soil KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16742164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Occurrence%2C+distribution%2C+and+pathogenicity+of+the+cowpea+root+and+stem+rot+pathogen%2C+Phytophthora+vignae%2C+in+soils+of+Sri+Lanka&rft.au=Dilantha+Fernando%2C+WG%3BLinderman%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Dilantha+Fernando&rft.aufirst=WG&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vigna unguiculata; Sri Lanka; stems; roots; soil; pathogenicity; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of sugarcane relatives injected with Ustilago scitaminea AN - 16740687; 3521206 AB - We evaluated the resistance of 102 clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) relatives to Ustilago scitaminea causal agent of sugarcane smut, in two greenhouse experiments. Relatives included Erianthus spp. section Ripidium, S. barberi/S. sinense, S. officinarum, S. robustum, S. spontaneum, and Saccharum interspecific hybrids (cultivars). Clones of Erianthus spp. section Ripidium were the most resistant and clones of S. officinarum and S. robustum were the most susceptible of the six taxonomic groups included in the first experiment. Clones in the second experiment, predominantly S. spontaneum from recent germ plasm collection expeditions, were assigned to one of three groups depending on their geographic origin. Clones from India, Indonesia, and the Philippines had means of 1, 37, and 51% infection, respectively. Exotic, smut-resistant clones will be crossed with elite clones to enhance smut resistance in Louisiana sugarcane germ plasm. JF - Plant Disease AU - Burner, D M AU - Grisham, M P AU - Legendre, B L AD - USDA-ARS, Sugarcane Res. Unit, Houma, LA 70361-0470, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1221 EP - 1223 VL - 77 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Ustilago scitaminea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Saccharum KW - germplasm KW - geographical distribution KW - resistance KW - smut KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+sugarcane+relatives+injected+with+Ustilago+scitaminea&rft.au=Burner%2C+D+M%3BGrisham%2C+M+P%3BLegendre%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Burner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharum; resistance; geographical distribution; smut; germplasm ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation of strains in the aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism strain cluster by serological assay with monoclonal antibodies AN - 16740425; 3521090 AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against the tomato big bud (BB) mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), a member of the aster yellows (AY) MLO strain cluster, were employed in dot immunobinding assays. The MAbs reacted only with strains in the AY MLO cluster, and not with any of several other MLOs not affiliated with the AY MLO strain cluster. However, reactions with MLOs in the AY cluster varied by strain. All MAbs reacted with BB and several MLO strains previously termed "aster yellows," including NAY (eastern AY), OKAY1 (Oklahoma strain), NJAY (New Jersey strain), and AY27 (Alberta strain); but none of the MAbs reacted with certain other strains of AY MLO, including strains termed SAY3 (western AY), OKAY3 (Oklahoma strain), NYAY (New York strain), and MNAY (Minnesota strain). Thus, the BB MLO-MAbs distinguished a group of interrelated MLO strains within the AY MLO strain cluster. This serogroup corresponds to the type I subcluster in the AY MLO strain cluster, previously identified on the basis of nucleic acid dot hybridizations and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. JF - Plant Disease AU - Lee, I-M AU - Davis, R E AU - Hsu, H-T AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 815 EP - 817 VL - 77 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Catharanthus roseus KW - yellows KW - differentiation KW - strains KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - serological tests KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Differentiation+of+strains+in+the+aster+yellows+mycoplasmalike+organism+strain+cluster+by+serological+assay+with+monoclonal+antibodies&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BHsu%2C+H-T&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - yellows; differentiation; strains; serological tests; mycoplasma-like organisms; monoclonal antibodies; Catharanthus roseus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal tremorgens AN - 16739216; 3521362 AB - Fungi capable of producing tremorgenic secondary metabolites represent species from taxonomically diverse and unrelated groups. These fungi are capable of contaminating a variety of agricultural commodities such as faragas, corn, silage, etc. Various animal diseases suspected or known to be caused by fungal tremorgens are paspalum staggers, ryegrass staggers, corn staggers, and Bermuda grass tremors. Other syndromes with probable involvement of fungal tremorgens were associated with corn silage contaminated with Aspergillus fumigatus and beer, cream cheese, a hamburger, and walnuts contaminated with Penicillium crustosum. The tremorgens involved in these syndromes (with the exception of the moldy silage) although produced by diversely unrelated fungi, contain the same basis biologically active chemical nucleus derived from geranylgeraniol and tryptophan. In some cases, such as A. flavus and Claviceps paspali, the tremorgens appear to be associated exclusively with the sclerotial stage (ergot). JF - Prikladnaia Biokhimiia i Mikrobiologiia AU - Cole, R J AD - USDA/ARS, Natl. Peanut Res. Lab., Dawson, GA 31742, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 44 EP - 50 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0555-1099, 0555-1099 KW - tremorgens KW - Penicillium crustosum KW - Claviceps paspali KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - fungi KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - grain KW - contamination KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16739216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.atitle=Fungal+tremorgens&rft.au=Cole%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.issn=05551099&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Russian DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus fumigatus; fungi; grain; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ergot and other alkaloids associated with toxic syndromes in livestock on endophyte-infected grasses AN - 16734326; 3521361 AB - Different signs of ergotism in livestock associated with animals consuming feed grains and pasture grasses infected by Clavicipitaceae (e.g. Balansia spp. and Acremonium spp.) have been considered. Endophyte-infected tall fescue causes the damage to livestock, and its toxicity and ryegrass in livestock are associated with ergopeptide alkaloid ergovaline and indole-isoprenoid lolitrems produced by A. coenophialum and A. lolii. The role of another compound attendant to endophyte-infected fescue such as peramine and loline alkaloid is discussed. Concentration of alkaloids depends upon the season and the period of growing plant-host. The advantages and the problems of endophyte-grass mutualistic symbiosis in pasture conditions are considered. The perspective of genetic manipulation of grass and fungus to produce endophyte-infected grasses with stress and insect deterrences without affecting ruminant health. JF - Prikladnaia Biokhimiia i Mikrobiologiia AU - Porter, J K AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., USDA/ARS, Athens GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 51 EP - 55 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0555-1099, 0555-1099 KW - alkaloids KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - feeds KW - Balansia KW - endophytes KW - ergot KW - livestock KW - Clavicipitaceae KW - toxicity KW - Acremonium KW - contamination KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16734326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.atitle=Ergot+and+other+alkaloids+associated+with+toxic+syndromes+in+livestock+on+endophyte-infected+grasses&rft.au=Porter%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prikladnaia+Biokhimiia+i+Mikrobiologiia&rft.issn=05551099&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Russian DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clavicipitaceae; Acremonium; Balansia; ergot; toxicity; livestock; feeds; contamination; endophytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monoclonal antibody identifies 2134P fimbriae as adhesins on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from postweaning pigs AN - 16730744; 3515754 AB - Fimbriae (pili) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), including K88, K99, 987P, and F41, are adhesins that facilitate intestinal colonization in neonatal pigs. K88 is also associated with some ETEC isolated from weaned pigs. Many ETEC isolates from weaned pigs do not express known adhesins and are termed 4P super(-). A novel bacterial adhesin, 2134P, was recently identified on two 4P super(-) ETEC isolates from weaned pigs. In this study, we identified a 2134P-specific monoclonal antibody, mAb 6C7/C1, that blocked the binding of 2134P super(+) bacteria to intestinal epithelial cells. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody and immunoperoxidase assays using mAb 6C7/Cl confirmed that the 2134P adhesin is expressed in vivo by adherent bacteria in pigs challenge-exposed with 2134P super(+) ETEC. 2134P was detected on 31% of 189 postweaning diarrhea 4P super(-) ETEC isolates from the National Animal Disease Center's culture collection by dot blot immunoperoxidase assays using mAb 6C7/Cl. 2134P is a bacterial adhesin and is an important virulence attribute of some ETEC that cause diarrhea in weaned pigs. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Casey, T A AU - Schneider, R A AU - Nagy, B AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 101 EP - 114 VL - 37 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - adhesins KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - diarrhea KW - Escherichia coli KW - intestine KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - pili KW - J 02862:Infection KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16730744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+monoclonal+antibody+identifies+2134P+fimbriae+as+adhesins+on+enterotoxigenic+Escherichia+coli+isolated+from+postweaning+pigs&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BCasey%2C+T+A%3BSchneider%2C+R+A%3BNagy%2C+B&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; intestine; pili; monoclonal antibodies; diarrhea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of recession infiltration on runoff volume computed by the kinematic wave model AN - 16730672; 3508978 AB - The effect of recession infiltration on runoff volume is quantified using the kinematic wave model for the case of lateral inflow made up of constant rainfall excess during the period of rainfall and constant infiltration after rainfall ends. A general solution is obtained using the following non-dimensional quantities; Q* = Q/R sub(e) (runoff volume divided by rainfall excess volume), t* = t sub(e)/D (time to kinematic equilibrium divided by the duration of rainfall excess), and f* = f/r sub(e) (infiltration rate divided by rainfall excess rate). Using these quantities, the relationship for the reduction of runoff volume is Q* = 1 - m/(m+1) t* [f*/(f*+1)] super(1/m) when t* < [(f*+1)/f*] super(1/m) and Q* = 1/(m+1) t* super(-m) (f*+1)/f* when t* greater than or equal to [(f*+1)/f*] super(1/m) where m is the kinematic wave depth-discharge exponent. The first equation corresponds to the case when flow ceases after the characteristic from distance and time zero, C sub((0,0)), reaches the end of the plane. The second equation corresponds to the case when the flow ceases and C sub((0,0)) does not reach the end of the plane. These equations approximate the reduction of runoff volume for the more general case of time varying rainfall excess under constant and variable rainfall as would be the case when the rainfall excess is generated using the Green-Ampt infiltration equation. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Stone, J J AU - Shirley, ED AU - Lane, L J AD - Southwest Watershed Res. Cent., USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Tucson, AZ, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1353 EP - 1361 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - water KW - models studies KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - rainfall KW - infiltration KW - runoff volume KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16730672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+recession+infiltration+on+runoff+volume+computed+by+the+kinematic+wave+model&rft.au=Stone%2C+J+J%3BShirley%2C+ED%3BLane%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; runoff volume; rainfall ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of soil moisture and compaction on spillway erosion AN - 16727037; 3508977 AB - Submerged jet tests were conducted on a soil material compacted by dynamic and static load methods over a range of dry unit weights and moisture contents. The compacted soil samples were pre-wet prior to testing. An index parameter was used to compare changes in the erosion resistance of the soil at different compacted dry unit weights and compacted moisture contents. Moisture content at the time of compaction had a significant influence on soil erosion resistance. Additionally, at a constant moisture content, the erosion resistance increased as the dry unit weight increased. These results, along with results of two compacted spillway channel tests on the same soil, suggest that proper compaction should be considered in the repair of earthen auxiliary spillways. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hanson, G J AU - Robinson, K M AD - Hydraul. Eng. Res. Unit, Plant Sci. and Water Conserv. Lab., USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Stillwater, OK, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1349 EP - 1352 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soil moisture KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - erosion KW - soil compaction KW - erosion control KW - spillways KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16727037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+soil+moisture+and+compaction+on+spillway+erosion&rft.au=Hanson%2C+G+J%3BRobinson%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil compaction; erosion; erosion control; spillways ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of erosion on ecto- and VA-mycorrhizal inoculum potential of soil following forest fire in southwest Oregon AN - 16726828; 3508971 AB - The Longwood Complex wildfire in the Siskiyou Mountains of southern Oregon in August 1987 created an opportunity to study erosion and its effects on mycorrhizal fungus inoculum potential of a forest soil on steep slopes. As measured by the erosion-bridge method, most erosion occurred in a single, intense storm in December after the fire and amounted to an estimated 2 to 4 cm of surface soil. Captured eroded soil had a higher pH and P and Mg levels than residual soil. Seedlings of Libocedrus decurrens and Pseudotsuga menziesii were planted on eroded plots with additions of captured eroded soil (ET) or pasteurized eroded soil (PET) transferred to the planting holes. After one growing season, Libocedrus seedlings formed nearly 4 times the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in ET treatments and more than twice as much in PET treatments than in controls. Survival and basal area growth were significantly better in ET than in the other treatments, and both ET and PET produced more seedling shoot growth than did controls. Pseudotsuga seedlings did not differ in measured characteristics between treatments; ectomycorrhiza formation was slight, evidently the result of reduced inoculum potential resulting from the fire. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Amaranthus, M P AU - Trappe, J M AD - USDA For. Serv., Pac. Northwest Res. Stn., Box 3890, Portland, OR 92708 USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 41 EP - 49 VL - 150 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - ectomycorrhizas KW - inoculum KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - erosion KW - fires KW - soil erosion KW - USA, Oregon KW - forests KW - forestry KW - soil KW - A 01047:General KW - H SE6.28:LANDSLIDES AND EROSION KW - D 04600:Soil KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16726828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Effects+of+erosion+on+ecto-+and+VA-mycorrhizal+inoculum+potential+of+soil+following+forest+fire+in+southwest+Oregon&rft.au=Amaranthus%2C+M+P%3BTrappe%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Amaranthus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Oregon; soil; erosion; forestry; fires; forests; soil erosion; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; ectomycorrhizas; inoculum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytokinin-mediated insect resistance in Nicotiana plants transformed with the ipt gene AN - 16725310; 3516583 AB - The bacterial isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene involved in cytokinin biosynthesis was fused with a promoter from the proteinase inhibitor II (PI-IIK) gene and introduced into Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Transcripts of the ipt gene were wound-inducible in leaves of transgenic PI-II-ipt plants. In leaf disks excised from fully expanded leaves, transcript levels increased 25- to 35-fold within 24 h and by 48 were reduced by about 50%. In flowering plants, message levels were 2- to 5-fold higher than in preflowering plants. These plants were used to test for defensive properties of cytokinins against insects. Manduca sexta larvae consumed up to 70% less of the PI-II-ipt leaf material on flowering plants than larvae feeding on controls. Normal development of Myzus persicae nymphs was also delayed. Approximately half as many nymphs reached adulthood on PI-II-ipt leaves than on controls. Zeatin and zeatinriboside levels in leaves remaining on PI-II-ipt plants after hornworm feeding were elevated by about 70-fold and the chlorophyll a/b content was double that of controls. Exogenous applications of zeatin to the PI-II-ipt leaves enhanced the level of resistance to the tobacco hornworm and almost completely inhibited normal development of the green peach aphid nymphs. Transcript levels of an acidic chitinase gene were low and minimally inducible in PI-II-ipt leaves. The mode of action of the cytokinin gene product on enhanced insect resistance is not clear but may involve the products of secondary metabolic pathways. JF - Plant Molecular Biology AU - Smigocki, A AU - Neal, JW Jr AU - McCanna, I AU - Douglass, L AD - Plant Mol. Biol. Lab., ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 325 EP - 335 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - ipt gene KW - isopentenyl transferase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - genes KW - Aphididae KW - Manduca sexta KW - transformation KW - Lepidoptera KW - Nicotiana plumbaginifolia KW - pest resistance KW - Sphingidae KW - transgenic plants KW - mediation KW - resistance KW - Myzus persicae KW - Homoptera KW - cytokinins KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07353:GENERAL KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Cytokinin-mediated+insect+resistance+in+Nicotiana+plants+transformed+with+the+ipt+gene&rft.au=Smigocki%2C+A%3BNeal%2C+JW+Jr%3BMcCanna%2C+I%3BDouglass%2C+L&rft.aulast=Smigocki&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pest resistance; transgenic plants; genes; mediation; resistance; cytokinins; transformation; Sphingidae; Manduca sexta; Aphididae; Myzus persicae; Homoptera; Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An index model for predicting seed germination and emergence rates AN - 16725283; 3517217 AB - We present a germination and emergence model that can be used as a sub-model in an individual-based model of population dynamics. Seed germination and seedling elongation rates were measured in petri dishes in the laboratory for ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, corn, and soybean seeds, as functions of temperature and water potential. The analysis yielded a set of indices: the germination temperature index (GTI), the germination water index (GWI), the emergence temperature index (ETI), and the emergence water index (EWI). The seed populations were divided into 100 discrete cohorts, with each cohort (i), having its own germination rate (GR) as the product of a reference rate and the germination indices, or GR sub(i) = GR sub(i) super(R) super(E) super(F) x GTI x GWI. After germination, the emergence rate (ER) was the product of a reference rate and emergence indices, or ER sub(i) = ER super(REF) x ETI x EWI. The model was tested against the timing of emergence in the field for seeds planted 1, 2, 4, and 8 cm deep in natural or rain-excluded environments. The predictions were more accurate for all depths combined than for any particular depth. JF - Weed Technology AU - Alm, D M AU - Stoller, E W AU - Wax, L M AD - Res. Agron., USDA-ARS, Crop Prot. Unit, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 560 EP - 569 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - Abutilon theophrasti KW - Zea mays KW - seed germination KW - Ipomoea hederacea KW - emergence KW - Glycine max KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=An+index+model+for+predicting+seed+germination+and+emergence+rates&rft.au=Alm%2C+D+M%3BStoller%2C+E+W%3BWax%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Alm&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ipomoea hederacea; Abutilon theophrasti; Zea mays; Glycine max; seed germination; emergence; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air permeability to define frozen soil infiltration with variable tillage and residue AN - 16724861; 3508973 AB - Over-winter infiltration characteristics for a variably frozen Palouse silt loam soil were studied for two runoff seasons using a field air permeameter. Conventional, minimum, and no-till tillage systems were studied for both wheat and pea residue conditions. Air permeability values characterized surface-connected macroporosity satisfactorily and thus infiltration potentials for all tillage-residue treatments. Chiseled soil (paraplowed) consistently had higher permeabilities than conventional or no-tilled soil, and wheat residue treatments consistently provided higher permeabilities than pea residue treatments. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Saxton, KE AU - Kenny, J F AU - McCool, D K AD - USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Biol. Syst. Eng., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99163, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1369 EP - 1375 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - soil KW - USA, Washington, Palouse region KW - water KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - erosion KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - agriculture KW - permeability KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16724861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Air+permeability+to+define+frozen+soil+infiltration+with+variable+tillage+and+residue&rft.au=Saxton%2C+KE%3BKenny%2C+J+F%3BMcCool%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Saxton&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infiltration; agriculture; runoff; permeability; erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bolander's clover in the central Sierra Nevada: A sensitive species? AN - 16723425; 3517210 AB - Trifolium bolanderi Gray. (Fabaceae) is endemic to the central Sierra Nevada of California. Commonly called Bolander's clover, it is a federally designated Category 2 taxon for which sufficient data to support a listing as threatened or endangered are lacking. It occurs within a narrow elevational band in mountain meadows of Mariposa, Madera, and Fresno Counties. To learn more about Bolander's clover, its site characteristics, and its restricted distribution we surveyed all known populations. Concurrently, we examined adjacent sites without the species. Sites with Bolander's clover were like those without it in aspect and degree of shade and in soil texture, bulk density, water, and organic matter. Normal hydrologic regimes occurred on 93% of the Bolander's clover sites; and some, still grazed by livestock, had large clover populations. No plant taxa had a positive interspecific association with Bolander's clover. One species, another clover, was negatively associated with it, suggesting intrageneric competition as a controlling influence. Detailed research on nutrient requirements and availability and soil water relationships may point to characteristics restricting Bolander's clover distribution. JF - Madrono AU - Ratliff, R D AU - Denton, R G AD - Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., USDA Forest Serv., 2081 E. Sierra Ave., Fresno, CA 93710, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 166 EP - 173 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0024-9637, 0024-9637 KW - USA, California, Sierra Nevada KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Trifolium bolanderi KW - ecological distribution KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16723425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Madrono&rft.atitle=Bolander%27s+clover+in+the+central+Sierra+Nevada%3A+A+sensitive+species%3F&rft.au=Ratliff%2C+R+D%3BDenton%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Ratliff&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Madrono&rft.issn=00249637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium bolanderi; ecological distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of recombinant endophyte containing Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxin on some rhizosphere populations AN - 16722613; 3511657 AB - Field trials with corn (Zea mays L.) were conducted at Beltsville, Md., USA, in 1988 and 1989. The corn was inoculated with a genetically engineered endophyte, Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis/Bacillus thuringiensis (Cxc/Bt) to control the European corn borer. Analysis of leaf samples indicated that the endophyte was present in the xylem of 90% of the Cxc/Bt-inoculated corn and in none of the control corn. Analyses of the populations of specific rhizosphere microorganisms, i.e., fluorescent pseudomonads, Azospirillum, and Azotobacter, in root samples from plants inoculated with Cxc/Bt and from control plants indicated no effect on the population numbers. JF - Microbial Releases AU - Sikora, L J AD - Soil-Microb. Syst. Lab., USDA-ARS, Build. 318, BARC-E., 10300 Baltimore Av., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 109 EP - 112 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 0940-9653, 0940-9653 KW - Clavibacter xyli KW - Clavibacter xyli cynodontis KW - Nortuidae KW - delta -endotoxin KW - subsp.cynodontis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - recombinants KW - biological control KW - Zea mays KW - endophytes KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - environmental impact KW - rhizosphere microorganisms KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - USA, Maryland KW - Lepidoptera KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W2 32450:Soil microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16722613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Releases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+recombinant+endophyte+containing+Bacillus+thuringiensis+delta+endotoxin+on+some+rhizosphere+populations&rft.au=Sikora%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Sikora&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Releases&rft.issn=09409653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recombinants; biological control; endophytes; environmental impact; rhizosphere microorganisms; Zea mays; Bacillus thuringiensis; Ostrinia nubilalis; Lepidoptera; USA, Maryland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of the major component in white snakeroot that is toxic after microsomal activation: Possible explanation of sporadic toxicity of white snakeroot plants and extracts AN - 16721944; 3504113 AB - Tremetone, the major toxic component in white snakeroot (Eupatorium rugosum Houtt) extracts, was isolated following an in vitro bioactivity assay. Microsomal activation was required to produce a product toxic to murine melanoma (B16F sub(1)) cells as well as five other mammalian cell cultures. The metabolic activation product(s) of tremetone is suspected to be responsible for the toxic activity of the plant. Tremetone is also smoothly converted to dehydrotremetone in the plant and cell free homogenates, and readily decomposes to dehydrotremetone in extracts. Dehydrotremetone is not toxic even after microsomal activation. The efficient conversion of tremetone to dehydrotremetone may explain why white snakeroot plant material and extracts have varied activities, and why a previous claim that tremetone was responsible for the toxic activity of white snakeroot was withdrawn. Rayless goldenrod extracts show the same toxic activity as white snakeroot and the toxic activity of rayless goldenrod is most likely due to tremetone. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Beier, R C AU - Norman, JO AU - Reagor, J C AU - Rees AU - Mundy, B P AD - USDA, ARS, FAPRL, Route 5, Box 810, College Station, TX 77840-9594, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 286 EP - 293 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - mice KW - tremetone KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Eupatorium rugosum KW - toxins KW - isolation KW - tissue culture KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16721944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+the+major+component+in+white+snakeroot+that+is+toxic+after+microsomal+activation%3A+Possible+explanation+of+sporadic+toxicity+of+white+snakeroot+plants+and+extracts&rft.au=Beier%2C+R+C%3BNorman%2C+JO%3BReagor%2C+J+C%3BRees%3BMundy%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Beier&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eupatorium rugosum; toxins; isolation; tissue culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of gypsiferous coal combustion ash applied at disposal levels on soil chemical properties AN - 16721852; 3511705 AB - Currently, there is renewed interest in the agricultural utilization of coal combustion byproducts. Field sites where high rates (112 Mg ha super(-1)) of high gypsum coal combustion spent bed ashes were surface applied in 1980 within fruit tree orchard rows were identified and sampled with depth. The objective of this study was to examine the effects on long-term exposure/leaching of these materials on soil profile chemical properties. When applied, the material had an aqueous pH of 12.5 and consisted of about 52% calcium sulfate, 33% calcium oxide and 15% coal ash residues. Eleven years after ash application, soil pH is significantly higher in the top 66 cm of the treated sites compared to unamended sites. This has been accompanied by increases in extractable and total calcium and total boron and sulfur with a concomitant reduction in extractable magnesium. Remaining pieces of the applied spent bed material are composed primarily of calcite and quartz with some gypsum associated with large pieces. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Korcak, R F AU - Kemper, W D AD - Fruit Lab., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 29 EP - 32 VL - 154 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - soils KW - gypsum KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - land application KW - agriculture KW - byproducts KW - combustion KW - ash KW - coal KW - leaching KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16721852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+gypsiferous+coal+combustion+ash+applied+at+disposal+levels+on+soil+chemical+properties&rft.au=Korcak%2C+R+F%3BKemper%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Korcak&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal; combustion; byproducts; ash; land application; agriculture; geochemistry; leaching; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) soil associated stages to the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) AN - 16720237; 3509400 AB - Soil associated stages, pupae, and last-instar larvae of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (PBW), were evaluated for susceptibility to the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Mexican strain, Kapow selection). Mean mortality responses of PBW larvae entering the soil naturally compared to larvae buried artificially (2.5 cm deep) are 99.5 and 73.4%, respectively, at 15 infective juveniles/larva. The time required for nematode infection of larvae (38.0/cm super(2) soil surface) was 24 h or less. Larval mortality was significantly reduced at 15.6 degree C compared with 21.1, 26.7, and 32.2 degree C. Live nematodes were found in PBW larvae at all temperatures tested except 32.2 degree C. Reproduction of juveniles was evident 3 days after exposure at 26.7 degree C. JF - Southwestern Entomologist AU - Lindegren, JE AU - Meyer, K F AU - Henneberry, T J AU - Vail, P V AU - Forlow Jech, LJ AU - Valero, KA AD - Hortic. Crops Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, 2021 S. Peach Ave., Fresno, CA 93727, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 113 EP - 128 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0147-1724, 0147-1724 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pectinophora gossypiella KW - Steinernema carpocapsae KW - Gelechiidae KW - susceptibility KW - pathogens KW - Lepidoptera KW - soil KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16720237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+pink+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Gelechidae%29+soil+associated+stages+to+the+entomopathogenic+nematode+Steinernema+carpocapsae+%28Rhabditida%3A+Steinernematidae%29&rft.au=Lindegren%2C+JE%3BMeyer%2C+K+F%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J%3BVail%2C+P+V%3BForlow+Jech%2C+LJ%3BValero%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Lindegren&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Entomologist&rft.issn=01471724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - susceptibility; pathogens; soil; Pectinophora gossypiella; Steinernema carpocapsae; Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Creosotebush vegetation after 50 years of lagomorph exclusion AN - 16718101; 3709638 AB - In 1939, an experiment was established on the Jornada Experimental Range to evaluate the effects of shrub removal, rabbit exclusion, furrowing, and seeding in creosotebush [Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov] vegetation. Sixteen plots (21.3 x 21.3 m) were laid out in four rows of four plots per row with a buffer zone of 7.6 m between plots and rows. A barbed wire fence excluded cattle and poultry wire fencing excluded lagomorphs. Treatments were factorially applied at two levels. Plant cover in the plots was sampled in 1938 (before treatment), 1947, 1956, 1960, 1967 and 1989 with randomly located, line-intercept transects. Data from all sampling dates were analyzed as a split plot in time and main effects for 1989 tested by analysis of variance for a 2 x 4 factorial experiment. There were significant (P < 0.10) year x treatment interactions. Seeding and furrowing treatments were ineffective but lagomorph exclusion and shrub clearing treatments resulted in significant treatment differences for several species. In 1989, basal area of spike dropseed (Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc.) was 30-fold greater on the lagomorph excluded than on the lagomorph unexcluded treatment. Canopy cover of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa), tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) and mariola (Parthenium incanum H.B.K.) were affected by lagomorph exclusion. None of the responses were viewed as successional in nature. They principally represented individual species sensitivities to either absence of a primary herbivore or removal of aboveground shrub biomass. Though the physical treatments could be regarded as relatively severe disturbances of the system, the impacts on community vegetation dynamics were relatively insignificant. JF - Oecologia AU - Gibbens, R P AU - Havstad, K M AU - Billheimer, D D AU - Herbel, CH AD - USDA-ARS, Jornada Exp. Range, Box 30003, Dep. 3JER, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 210 EP - 217 VL - 94 IS - 2 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - disturbance KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Larrea tridentata KW - herbivory KW - Lepus californicus KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16718101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Creosotebush+vegetation+after+50+years+of+lagomorph+exclusion&rft.au=Gibbens%2C+R+P%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BBillheimer%2C+D+D%3BHerbel%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Gibbens&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Larrea tridentata; Lepus californicus; USA, New Mexico; herbivory; disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential host range reaction of citrus and citrus relatives to citrus canker and citrus bacterial spot determined by leaf mesophyll susceptibility AN - 16714490; 3502131 AB - The leaf mesophyll susceptibility of 54 citrus species, cultivars, and relatives to Xanthomonas campestris pv. citrumelo, the cause of citrus bacterial spot, was evaluated in Hastings, Florida, during 1989 and 1990. A similar host range of 53 citrus species, cultivars, and relatives was tested in Beltsville, Maryland, during 1991 to compare their differential susceptibility to X. c. citri, which causes citrus canker, and to X. c. citrumelo by inoculations on foliage of the same trees in replicated field plots. Field-grown trees were pruned to stimulate synchronous leaf flush for inoculation by a modified pinprick method. Lesion size at 60 days (Hastings plots) or 45 days (Beltsville plots) postinoculation was used to quantify leaf mesophyll susceptibility. For X. c. citrumelo inoculations, lesion expansion was greatest on cultivars of trifoliate orange and trifoliate orange hybrids. Smaller lesions formed on Citrus spp. such as grapefruit, sweet orange, sour orange, mandarin, lemon, and their hybrids, with the exception of Key lime, which developed lesions similar to those formed on trifoliate hybrids. Susceptibility of most citrus types to X. c. citri was more general. Lesion sizes resulting from pinprick inoculations with X. c. citri were not significantly different among Citrus spp. and hybrids, indicating a general susceptibility of leaf mesophyll. Smaller lesions generally formed on citrus relatives, including some cultivars of trifoliate orange. Because pinprick inoculations cause wounds and open the leaf mesophyll to direct colonization by bacteria, this method bypasses stomatal infection and does not consider other factors that may affect field resistance. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Graham, J H AU - Civerolo, EL AU - Barrett, H C AU - Hearn, C J AD - USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Orlando, FL 32803, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1004 EP - 1009 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Xanthomonas campestris pv.citrumelo KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - mesophyll KW - susceptibility KW - host range KW - epidemiology KW - leaves KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16714490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Differential+host+range+reaction+of+citrus+and+citrus+relatives+to+citrus+canker+and+citrus+bacterial+spot+determined+by+leaf+mesophyll+susceptibility&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BGraham%2C+J+H%3BCiverolo%2C+EL%3BBarrett%2C+H+C%3BHearn%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1004&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - host range; leaves; mesophyll; susceptibility; epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Density dependence in rangeland grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) AN - 16706145; 3701989 AB - We tested for the existence of density dependence in annual adult rangeland grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) data from Montana, USA (1951-1991). Statistical density dependence was, in the sense of a stochastic equilibrium or return tendency, detected in all of the grasshopper mean density time-series from the three major physiographic regions of the state, Northern Glaciated Plains, Southern Unglaciated Plains, and Western Mountains. Parameters were estimated for a model that described the stochastic equilibrium characteristics of regional mean densities. The analyses showed that rangeland grasshopper regional densities fluctuate according to gamma distribution with a mean of 6.1-6.3 grasshoppers per m super(2). Further, when regions exhibit outbreaks, the resulting infestation period (duration of outbreak) is short, spanning only a few generations. JF - Oecologia AU - Kemp, W P AU - Dennis, B AD - USDA-ARS, Rangeland Insect Lab., Bozeman, MT 59717-0366, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - population levels KW - Acrididae KW - Orthoptera KW - density dependence KW - rangelands KW - USA, Montana KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16706145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Density+dependence+in+rangeland+grasshoppers+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29&rft.au=Kemp%2C+W+P%3BDennis%2C+B&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Orthoptera; USA, Montana; density dependence; population levels; rangelands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An African swine fever virus gene with similarity to bacterial DNA binding proteins, bacterial integration host factors, and the Bacillus phage SPO1 transcription factor, TF1. AN - 16701502; 2982080 AB - African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative agent of African swine fever in domestic pigs, is a large icosahedral virus with a double-stranded DNA genome of 170-190 kb that shares many characteristics with poxviruses. Although ASFV and poxviruses are distinct morphologically, they both replicate in the cell cytoplasm, exhibit temporal regulation of gene expression, and have similar genome structures, which include terminal inverted repeats, terminal crosslinks, a central conserved region and variable regions at each end of the genome. ASFV is the sole member of an unnamed family of animal viruses. LMW5-AR is an open reading frame (ORF) of 104 amino acids (9.5 kD), located 0.22 m.u. from the left-hand end of the ASFV genome within the BamHI c restriction fragment of the Malawi Lil 20/1 isolate of ASFV. Fasta searching of the Swissprot database revealed that LMW5-AR shared significant similarity to the family of histone-like proteins, which include the prokaryotic histone-like DNA binding proteins (HU), integration host factors (IHF) and the Bacillus phage SPO1 transcription factor, TF1. LMW5-AR has the highest level of similarity to the HU proteins encoded by the Enterobacteriaceae (28% amino acid identity/89 residues; 45% conservation, Fasta = 99; z = 9.82) with lesser similarity to the Bacillus phage SPO1 TF1 gene (25% amino acid identity/96 residues; 44% conservation, Fasta = 94; z = 8.58) and the IHF proteins (29% amino acid identity/72 residues; 47% conservation, Fasta = 75; z = 7.11). JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Neilan, J G AU - Lu, Z AU - Kutish, G F AU - Sussman, MD AU - Roberts, P C AU - Yozawa, T AU - Rock, D L AD - Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1496 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - African swine fever virus KW - DNA-binding protein KW - SPO1 protein KW - amino acid sequence KW - bacteria KW - genes KW - homology KW - integration host factor KW - nucleotide sequence KW - predictions KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - G 07313:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16701502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=An+African+swine+fever+virus+gene+with+similarity+to+bacterial+DNA+binding+proteins%2C+bacterial+integration+host+factors%2C+and+the+Bacillus+phage+SPO1+transcription+factor%2C+TF1.&rft.au=Neilan%2C+J+G%3BLu%2C+Z%3BKutish%2C+G+F%3BSussman%2C+MD%3BRoberts%2C+P+C%3BYozawa%2C+T%3BRock%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Neilan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence; DNA-binding protein; genes; bacteria; homology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial N and biomass, respiration and N mineralization in soils beneath two chaparral species along a fire-induced age gradient. AN - 16699248; 2980889 AB - A decline in available nutrients may contribute to the loss of vigor observed in older chaparral stands. We examined N mineralization and the storage of C and N in the microbial biomass of soil along a fire-induced chaparral chronosequence in San Diego County, Calif. Soil was collected under chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum H. & A.) and ceanothus (Ceanothus greggii Gray var. perplexans (Trel.) Jeps) shrubs in stands burned 0, 2, 4, 11, 20, 54 and 80 yr prior to the study. Soil collected from the top 5 cm beneath chamise and ceanothus had similar microbial biomass patterns with stand aging. The amount of microbial C in soil remained relatively constant across the age gradient. Concentrations of microbial N and the amount of N mineralized fluctuated, with no significant trend across the stand-age gradient. For both chaparral species, NH sub(4) super(+) concentrations in soil were significantly higher in the recently burned stand (age = 0) than in stands burned from 2 to 80 yr earlier. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Fenn, ME AU - Poth, MA AU - Dunn, PH AU - Barro, S C AD - USDA Forest Serv., Pac. Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Stn., 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 457 EP - 466 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - nitrogen KW - soil micoorganisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - respiration KW - biomass KW - chaparral KW - fires KW - soil nutrients KW - age KW - mineralization KW - USA, California KW - gradients KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16699248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Microbial+N+and+biomass%2C+respiration+and+N+mineralization+in+soils+beneath+two+chaparral+species+along+a+fire-induced+age+gradient.&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BPoth%2C+MA%3BDunn%2C+PH%3BBarro%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; biomass; respiration; mineralization; soil nutrients; age; gradients; fires; chaparral ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of tropical soils as sinks or sources of atmospheric carbon. AN - 16698484; 2978719 AB - The prevailing paradigm for anticipating changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) with changes in land use postulates reductions in SOC in managed systems (agriculture and tree plantations) relative to mature tropical forests. Variations of this notion are used in carbon models to predict the role of tropical soils in the global carbon cycle. Invariably these models show tropical soils as sources of atmospheric carbon. We present data from a variety of studies that show that SOC in managed systems can be lower, the same as, or greater than mature tropical forests and that SOC can increase rapidly after the abandonment of agricultural fields. The greatest potential for carbon sequestration in tropical soils is in the forest fallows which cover some 250 million hectares. Increased attention to SOC by land managers can result in greater rates of carbon sequestration than predicted by current SOC models. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Lugo, A E AU - Brown, S AD - Inst. Trop. For., USDA Forest Serv., South. Forest Exp. Stn., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras, P.R. 00928-2500, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 27 EP - 41 VL - 149 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - tropical environment KW - carbon sources KW - environment management KW - soil KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16698484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Management+of+tropical+soils+as+sinks+or+sources+of+atmospheric+carbon.&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E%3BBrown%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tropical environment; soil; carbon sources; environment management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and excretion of [ super(14)C] fumonisin B sub(1) in male Sprague-Dawley rats AN - 16698354; 3504763 AB - [ super(14)C]Fumonisin B sub(1) was biosynthetically produced by the addition of [ super(14)C]methyl methionine to a liquid culture of Fusarium moniliforme. The labeled toxin was then administered to rats intragastrically in one study and intravenously in another. The rats were killed at intervals up to 96 hr after dosing. In a third study, rats were dosed intragastrically 3 times at 24 hr intervals, and killed at intervals up to 144 hr after the first dose. After intragastric administration, up to 80 percent of the radiolabel was recovered in feces and up to 3% in urine. The remainder of the radioactivity was distributed in tissues, with the liver, kidney, and blood having the highest percentages. The radioactivity appeared to persist in these tissues for the duration of the experiment. This observation was duplicated in rats dosed intravenously, as well as the fact that urinary excretion of systemic [ super(14)C]fumonism B sub(1) takes place. Also observed during the intravenous study was the elimination of up to 35% of the radiolabel in feces, indicating that fumonisin B sub(1) and/or its metabolites undergoes biliary excretion. JF - Natural Toxins AU - Norred, W P AU - Plattner, R D AU - Chamberlain, W J AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, Richard B. Russell Agric. Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 341 EP - 346 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - fumonisins KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - excretion KW - distribution KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16698354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+excretion+of+%5B+super%2814%29C%5D+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+in+male+Sprague-Dawley+rats&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - distribution; excretion; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizal colonization of corn co-inhabited by biopesticidal-recombinant Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis AN - 16697707; 3503177 AB - The wild-type xylem-inhabiting bacterial endophyte Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis (Cxc WT MDE1) does not interfere with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungal colonization of field corn (Zea mays L., Dekalb T-1100) at 5, 10, and 24 weeks. Similarly, corn inoculated with a recombinant strain (Cxc/Bt MDR1.3) containing the gene encoding for production of the delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was not significantly different from the Cxc-WT-containing or Cxc-free plants in VAM fungal colonization at 5 weeks. By 10 weeks, the period within which phosphorus (P) uptake is critical for corn development, Cxc/Bt-inoculated plants had a significantly greater percentage of VAM fungal colonization than the Cxc-free plants. VAM colonization was significantly less in Cxc/WT and Cxc/Bt plants than in non-Cxc plants at 24 weeks. Plant tissue P at 10 weeks was greater for plants colonized by wild-type Cxc/WT or recombinant Cxc/Bt in the field experiments where Gigaspora margarita was the predominant VAM fungus. In greenhouse tests with Glomus intraradices INVAM 208, Glomus mosseae INVAM 156, and Glomus etunicatum B1, the recombinant Cxc/Bt had no significant effect on plant height, weight, P, Cu, or percentage colonization. Significantly increased (but non-phytotoxic) plant tissue Zn was present in plants co-inoculated with Cxc/Bt, G. mosseae, and G. etunicatum. Cxc/WT and Cxc/Bt do not significantly interfere with VAM colonization or VAM-mediated plant growth processes. JF - Microbial Releases AU - Millner, P D AU - Kitt, D G AD - Soil-Microb. Sys. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 81 EP - 84 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 0940-9653, 0940-9653 KW - Clavibacter xyli KW - Clavibacter xyli cynodontis KW - delta -endotoxin KW - subsp.cynodontis KW - subsp.kurstaki KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Gigaspora margarita KW - Zea mays KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - recombinant KW - Glomus KW - mycorrhizas KW - Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki KW - colonization KW - W2 32445:Pest control KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16697707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Releases&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizal+colonization+of+corn+co-inhabited+by+biopesticidal-recombinant+Clavibacter+xyli+subsp.+cynodontis&rft.au=Millner%2C+P+D%3BKitt%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Millner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Releases&rft.issn=09409653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; recombinant; mycorrhizas; colonization; Zea mays; Gigaspora margarita; Bacillus thuringiensis; Glomus; Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glutathione-mediated methylthio-turnover and sex differences in the metabolism of pentachlorothioanisole by rat AN - 16697329; 3503074 AB - Sex differences observed in the metabolism of pentachlorothioanisole in rat were due to: (1) greater excretion in urine by females, and greater biliary excretion by males; (2) formation of pentachlorophenyl mercapturic acid pathway metabolites by females; and (3) redox-cycling between methylthio and methylsulphoxyl oxidation congeners in intermediary metabolites by females. Three methylthio-turnover processes are proposed in the intermediary metabolism of pentachlorothioanisole. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Bakke, JE AU - Mulford, D J AU - Huwe, J K AU - Feil, V J AU - Davison, K L AD - USDA, ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., PO Box 5674-Univ. Stn., Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 949 EP - 960 VL - 23 IS - 8 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - methylthio KW - pentachlorothioanisole KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolism KW - turnover KW - sex differences KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16697329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Glutathione-mediated+methylthio-turnover+and+sex+differences+in+the+metabolism+of+pentachlorothioanisole+by+rat&rft.au=Bakke%2C+JE%3BMulford%2C+D+J%3BHuwe%2C+J+K%3BFeil%2C+V+J%3BDavison%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Bakke&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=949&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - turnover; metabolism; sex differences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel method for identifying new conidia in submerged liquid culture AN - 16697006; 3503183 AB - In Alternaria spp. there is no morphological difference between newly formed conidia and old conidia and the inability to distinguish the two has hampered efforts to increase or improve conditions for conidia production. Consequently, a staining procedure was sought to identify newly formed spores in fungi, such as A. crassa and A. cassiae, where spore production may be limited by numerous factors. Studies were conducted in column bioreactors containing a minimal medium. Conidial inoculum was stained with Nile red fluorescent dye and added to the column bioreactors yielding final concentrations of 1 x 10 super(3) to 1 x 10 super(4) conidia/ml. Between 430 and 3.5 x 10 super(3) conidia/ml were recovered from each fungus after 96 h in minimal media and approximately 20% of the total spores were identified as new conidia. JF - Mycologia AU - Howard, K M AU - Smart, M G AU - Bothast, R J AD - Ferment. Biochem. Res. Unit, Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 127 EP - 130 VL - 85 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - new KW - Nile red KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - conidia KW - Alternaria KW - staining KW - fluorescence KW - identification KW - liquid culture KW - bioreactors KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16697006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=A+novel+method+for+identifying+new+conidia+in+submerged+liquid+culture&rft.au=Howard%2C+K+M%3BSmart%2C+M+G%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alternaria; liquid culture; conidia; identification; bioreactors; staining; fluorescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative studies of Cryptosporiopsis curvispora and C. perennans. I. Morphology and pathogenic behavior AN - 16696810; 3505542 AB - Macroconidia of Cryptosporiopsis curvispora, cause of apple anthracnose, consistently displayed high curvature while those of C. perennans, cause of perennial canker, displayed low curvature when representative isolates of both species were separately and simultaneously inoculated into apple branches. Highly curved macroconidia were occasionally produced on potato dextrose agar by the former species but never by the latter. Conidia produced on V8-oatmeal agar differed significantly between species in regard to lengths, widths and correlation coefficients between lengths and widths. No species differences in conidial wall topography were seen with scanning electron microscopy. Only C. curvispora produced abundant pulvinate conidiomata as cultures aged on potato dextrose agar; only C. perennans produced synnemata without expanded apices on V8-oatmeal agar. On lesions of inoculated apple fruit C. perennans produced significantly more conidia than C. curvispora, but the species did not differ with regard to appressorium formation or lesion size on fruit or canker extension on branches. JF - Mycologia AU - Dugan, F M AU - Grove, G G AU - Rogers, J D AD - USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 551 EP - 564 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - macroconidia KW - Cryptosporiopsis curvispora KW - Cryptosporiopsis perennans KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - conidia KW - pathogenesis KW - anthracnose KW - comparison KW - morphology KW - canker KW - Malus KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16696810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Comparative+studies+of+Cryptosporiopsis+curvispora+and+C.+perennans.+I.+Morphology+and+pathogenic+behavior&rft.au=Dugan%2C+F+M%3BGrove%2C+G+G%3BRogers%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus; anthracnose; conidia; comparison; morphology; pathogenesis; canker ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative studies of Cryptosporiopsis curvispora and C. perennans. II. Cytology and vegetative compatibility AN - 16696786; 3505541 AB - Cryptosporiopsis curvispora, cause of apple anthracnose, and C. perennans, cause of perennial canker, were indistinguishable in gross cytology; macroconidia, microconidia, phialides and hyphal cells of each species were mostly uninucleate. Complementation of nitrate-nonutilizing mutants occurred within and between isolates of each species but not between species. Such complementations were common within and between isolates of C. perennans but rare within and between isolates of C. curvispora. The two fungi are considered to be distinct species. The teleomorph of C. perennans is transferred to Pezicula as P. perennans comb. nov. JF - Mycologia AU - Dugan, F M AU - Roberts, R G AU - Grove, G G AD - USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Res. Lab., 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 565 EP - 573 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - vegetative compatibility KW - Cryptosporiopsis curvispora KW - Cryptosporiopsis perennans KW - Pezicula perennans KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - compatibility KW - perfect state KW - taxonomic revision KW - anthracnose KW - comparison KW - canker KW - cytology KW - Malus KW - comb.nov. KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16696786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Comparative+studies+of+Cryptosporiopsis+curvispora+and+C.+perennans.+II.+Cytology+and+vegetative+compatibility&rft.au=Dugan%2C+F+M%3BRoberts%2C+R+G%3BGrove%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus; comparison; anthracnose; canker; cytology; comb.nov.; taxonomic revision; perfect state; compatibility ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The uredinial state of Puccinia festucae-ovinae AN - 16696744; 3505571 AB - The type of Puccinia festucae-ovinae Tai on leaves of sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L.) contains five previously unreported uredinia. We present an emended description of this species which was originally described from telia. JF - Mycologia AU - Kulik, M M AU - Dery, P D AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Res. Lab., Plant Sci. Inst., ARS-USDA Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 711 EP - 713 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Puccinia festucae-ovinae KW - description KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - urediniospores KW - rust KW - leaves KW - Festuca ovina KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03002:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16696744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=The+uredinial+state+of+Puccinia+festucae-ovinae&rft.au=Kulik%2C+M+M%3BDery%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Kulik&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Festuca ovina; urediniospores; leaves; rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil aluminium effects on uptake, influx, and transport of nutrients in sorghum genotypes AN - 16693343; 3501393 AB - Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth most important cereal crop of the world. In South America, it is grown mainly on acid soils, and its production on these soils is limited by deficient levels of available P, Ca, Mg, and micronutrients, and toxic levels of Al and Mn. A greenhouse experiment was undertaken to evaluate the genotypic differences in sorghum for uptake (U), inhibition (IH), influx (IN) into roots, and transport (TR) to shoot for nutrients at three levels of soil Al saturation (2, 41, 64%). Overall shoot nutrient U, IN, and TR showed a significant inverse correlation with soil Al saturation and shoot Al concentration, and a significant positive correlation with shoot and root dry weight. The nutrient uptake parameters differentiated genotypes into most and least efficient categories at various levels of soil Al saturation. The nutrient uptake parameters showed significant differences with respect to soil Al saturation, genotypes, and their interactions. In the current study, Al tolerant genotypes recorded higher IN and TR for P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe than Al-sensitive genotypes. Therefore, these U, IN, and TR traits could be used in selection of sorghum plants adaptable to acid soils. Sorghum genotypes used in this study showed intraspecific genetic diversity in U, IN, and TR for essential nutrients. It was concluded that selection of acid soil tolerant genotypes and further breeding of acid (Al) tolerant sorghum cultivars are feasible. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Baligar, V C AU - Schaffert, R E AU - Dos Santos, HL AU - Pitta, GVE AU - De C. Bahia Filho, AF AD - USDA, ARS, ASWCRL Lab., Beckley, WV 25802-0867, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 271 EP - 277 VL - 150 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - nutrient influx KW - aluminum KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - concentration KW - soil pH KW - soil chemistry KW - nutrient transport KW - nutrient uptake KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16693343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Soil+aluminium+effects+on+uptake%2C+influx%2C+and+transport+of+nutrients+in+sorghum+genotypes&rft.au=Baligar%2C+V+C%3BSchaffert%2C+R+E%3BDos+Santos%2C+HL%3BPitta%2C+GVE%3BDe+C.+Bahia+Filho%2C+AF&rft.aulast=Baligar&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorghum bicolor; nutrient uptake; nutrient transport; soil chemistry; concentration; soil pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Discula destructiva and other fungi from seeds of dogwood trees AN - 16692834; 3501835 AB - Dogwood fruit were collected from trees with symptoms of dogwood anthracnose in 11 locations in western North Carolina in September 1989-1991. Fruit from each location were divided into four groups based on symptoms: completely necrotic, discrete necrotic lesions, shriveled without necrosis, and symptomless. Fruit and extracted seeds were surface-disinfested and placed on acidified potato-dextrose agar. Discula destructiva was isolated more often from seeds than from whole fruit, particularly from seeds extracted from completely necrotic fruit. The mean isolation frequency from extracted seeds was 0.12 in 1989, following a wet summer. D. destructiva was isolated from only 0.008 and 0.05 of extracted seeds in 1990 and 1991, respectively, when spring and early-summer rains were followed by midsummer dry periods. Infected seeds could provide a mechanism for long-distance dispersal of D. destructiva by animals or birds. JF - Plant Disease AU - Britton, KO AU - Roncadori, R W AU - Hendrix, F F AD - USDA Forest Serv., 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602-2044, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1026 EP - 1028 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA, North Carolina KW - disease transmission KW - fruits KW - Discula destructiva KW - isolation KW - trees KW - seeds KW - necrosis KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16692834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Discula+destructiva+and+other+fungi+from+seeds+of+dogwood+trees&rft.au=Britton%2C+KO%3BRoncadori%2C+R+W%3BHendrix%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=KO&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1026&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Discula destructiva; USA, North Carolina; isolation; trees; necrosis; fruits; seeds; disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of isozyme analysis for identification of plant-pathogenic fungi AN - 16691906; 3501880 AB - Isozyme analysis is a powerful biochemical technique that has numerous applications in plant pathology. It has long been used by geneticists to study the population genetics of fish, mammals, insects, nematodes, and plants. Mycologists and plant pathologists have adopted the procedure more recently, and it is now being used routinely to settle taxonomic disputes, identify cultures, "fingerprint" patentable fungal lines, analyze genetic variability, trace pathogen spread, follow the segregation of genetic loci, and identify ploidy levels of fungi and other plant pathogens. These topics have been reviewed (9,12,15), and the large number of new publications in this field each year indicates the widespread interest in the subject. At the Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research (FDWSR) in Frederick, Maryland, we routinely use isozyme analysis to identify and study the genetic makeup of exotic pathogens, often of quarantine significance. In this paper, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of isozyme analysis over other identification techniques and describe how isozyme studies can be designed to differentiate pathogens. JF - Plant Disease AU - Micales, JA AU - Peterson, G L AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Dis. Weed Sci. Res., Build. 1301, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 961 EP - 968 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - fungi KW - identification KW - plant diseases KW - isoenzymes KW - methodology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - W2 32425:Plant Diseases: Diagnosis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16691906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=The+use+of+isozyme+analysis+for+identification+of+plant-pathogenic+fungi&rft.au=Micales%2C+JA%3BPeterson%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Micales&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungi; identification; plant diseases; isoenzymes; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A vacuum collection and seed separation technique for enumeration of sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea in perennial ryegrass fields AN - 16691333; 3501837 AB - A portable electric wet-dry shop vacuum run by a gas-powered generator was used to collect sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea from 1-m super(2) areas in a commercial field of perennial ryegrass. Sclerotia were separated from soil and straw residue using an air-screen (seed separation) machine, in which samples were partitioned based on particle width and thickness, and terminal velocity. The procedure also was used to determine the number of sclerotia in bales of annual ryegrass straw. Efficiency of recovery of sclerotia using the air-screen machine with known numbers of ergot was 98-100%. Recovery by vacuum collection in the field of a known number of sclerotia distributed over surface residue and plant crowns was 83% plus or minus 4% in areas without soil cracks, 73% plus or minus 15% in areas with deep soil cracks, and 79% plus or minus 13% in areas selected at random. In perennial ryegrass with 23% of heads infected (two sclerotia per infected head), 39 sclerotia per square meter of soil surface were recovered. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alderman, S C AU - Churchill, D B AU - Bilsland, D M AD - USDA-ARS Natl. Forage Seed Prod. Res. Cent., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1020 EP - 1022 VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Claviceps purpurea KW - collection KW - Lolium perenne KW - sclerotia KW - seeds KW - enumeration KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16691333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+vacuum+collection+and+seed+separation+technique+for+enumeration+of+sclerotia+of+Claviceps+purpurea+in+perennial+ryegrass+fields&rft.au=Alderman%2C+S+C%3BChurchill%2C+D+B%3BBilsland%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Claviceps purpurea; Lolium perenne; sclerotia; enumeration; seeds; collection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal infection of nonwounded peach bark by Botryosphaeria dothidea . AN - 16676361; 3039475 AB - Conidial suspensions of Botryosphearia dothidea were applied at various concentrations to the nonwounded stems of 1-yr-old peach trees maintained under wet conditions for periods that varied. Bark necrosis increased with spore concentration and the duration of bark wetness. Similar inoculations made at 3-wk intervals during 1987 and 1989 revealed that infection occurred from March through August with a peak period from about late April through July or early August. A significant correlation was found between disease severity and temperature for a 3- to 6-wk period after inoculation. In two commercial orchards, stems of newly planted peach trees were periodically exposed to natural inoculum of B. dothidea . At 1-mo intervals from April 1988 through December 1989, water-excluding covers were removed from preselected trees for a 1-mo period. Infections occurred more frequently in the second season of growth (particularly during June and July) than in the season after planting. Disease severity was positively correlated with the availability of water-borne spores of B. dothidea . Nonwounded bark of 1- to 2-yr-old peach trees is susceptible to invasion by B. dothidea during most of, if not the entire, growing season. The amount of infection during this period depends on inoculum availability and environmental conditions. JF - Phytopathology AU - Pusey, P L AU - Bertrand, P F AD - USDA-ARS, Southeastern Fruit Tree Nut Res. Lab., P.O. Box 87, Byron, GA 31008, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 825 EP - 829 VL - 83 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Botryosphearia dothidea KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - bark KW - infection KW - fruit trees KW - necrosis KW - seasonal variations KW - Prunus persica KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16676361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+infection+of+nonwounded+peach+bark+by+Botryosphaeria+dothidea+.&rft.au=Pusey%2C+P+L%3BBertrand%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Pusey&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus persica; fruit trees; bark; necrosis; seasonal variations; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of changes in short-term dietary zinc intake on ethanol metabolism and zinc status indices in young men. AN - 16655305; 3008316 AB - Eleven men aged 28.1 y, who lived in a metabolic unit, participated in a controlled study of zinc (Zn) metabolism. It began with a 28 d equilibrium period when dietary Zn was 10 mg/d, followed by dietary periods of 36 d each with 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg Zn/d presented in random order, and ended with a 36 d period when dietary Zn was 10 mg/d. Plasma Zn dropped to 4.0 mu mol/L in one subject and was significantly lower for all subjects (11.2 mu mol/L) during the 1 mg Zn/d dietary period than during the 10 mg Zn/d (13.6 mu mol/L) period. Serum alkaline phosphatase and testosterone followed a trend similar to that of Zn. Blood cell Zn was not significantly affected by dietary Zn. Apparent ethanol absorption, as evidenced by maximum serum ethanol concentration after a 0.5 g/k body weight dose and the time the maximum was reached, was not significantly affected by dietary Zn. The rate of ethanol clearance from the blood, measured between 120 and 240 minutes, was significantly affected by dietary Zn. JF - Nutrition Research AU - Milne, D B AU - Johnson, P E AD - USDA, ARS, GFHNRC, Univ. North Dakota, PO Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 511 EP - 521 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0271-5317, 0271-5317 KW - zinc KW - ethanol KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - intake KW - metabolism KW - man KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16655305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+changes+in+short-term+dietary+zinc+intake+on+ethanol+metabolism+and+zinc+status+indices+in+young+men.&rft.au=Milne%2C+D+B%3BJohnson%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+Research&rft.issn=02715317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - intake; metabolism; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A preliminary investigation on renal and hepatic toxicity in rats fed purified fumonisin B1. AN - 16650130; 2993364 AB - Fumonisins are metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme and other Fusarium spp. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was hepatocarcinogenic (50 ppm, greater than or equal to 90% purity) when fed to male rats; however, neither the effects of FB1 on females nor the relationship between dietary FB1 levels and toxicity in rats has been reported. Male and female rats (three per sex per group) were fed diets fortified with 0, 15, 50 ro 150 ppm FB1 ( greater than or equal to 99% purity) for 4 weeks. There were no differences in general appearance or behavior among groups and significant differences in weight gain or food consumption were not found. Histopathological examinations and serum chemical profiles, including significant increases in triglycerides, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase, confirmed that 150 ppm FB1 was hepatotoxic to both sexes. Cortical nephrosis was found in males fed greater than or equal to 15 ppm and females fed greater than or equal to 50 ppm FB1. Both hepatic and renal lesions were consistent with those found in rats consuming F. moniliforme -infected corn. Thus, highly purified FB1 is unequivocally capable of inducing the subchronic liver and kidney lesions attributed to F. moniliforme . JF - Natural Toxins AU - Voss, KA AU - Chamberlain, W J AU - Bacon, C W AU - Norred, W P AD - Toxicol. and Mycotoxin Res. Unit, ARS-USDA, Richard B. Russell Agric. Cent., P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 222 EP - 228 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - toxicity KW - liver KW - kidney KW - mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16650130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Toxins&rft.atitle=A+preliminary+investigation+on+renal+and+hepatic+toxicity+in+rats+fed+purified+fumonisin+B1.&rft.au=Voss%2C+KA%3BChamberlain%2C+W+J%3BBacon%2C+C+W%3BNorred%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity; kidney; liver; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of pasture age on soil trace-gas emissions from a deforested area of Costa Rica. AN - 16650042; 3036580 AB - Measurements of the flux of nitrous oxide--an important greenhouse gas--from recently formed pasture in the Amazon basin have shown a threefold increase relative to the flux from the original forest soil. Based on these measurements, luizao et al. estimated that present rates of conversion from forest to pasture supply up to 1 Tg of N sub(2)O-N to the atmosphere each year, corresponding to less than or equal to 25% of the current imbalance between sources and sinks of this gas, But this estimate assumes that such conversion produces elevated fluxes that remain constant in time. To assess the validity of this assumption, we present measurements of trace-gas fluxes from Costa Rican pastures of varying ages. Nitrogen oxide fluxes peak during the first ten years after conversion, but decline thereafter to values that are even lower than the original forest fluxes. We conclude that previous studies have overestimated the contribution of pastures to the global budget of nitrous oxide and that accurate predictions of soil-atmosphere trace-gas fluxes will require a detailed knowledge not only of current land use, but also of land-use history. JF - Nature AU - Keller, M AU - Veldkamp, E AU - Weitz, A M AU - Reiners, WA AD - Int. Inst. Trop. For., USDA Forest Serv., Call Box 25000, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 244 EP - 246 VL - 365 IS - 6443 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - nitrous oxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - flux KW - pasture KW - Costa Rica KW - age KW - deforestation KW - D 04110:Grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16650042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Effect+of+pasture+age+on+soil+trace-gas+emissions+from+a+deforested+area+of+Costa+Rica.&rft.au=Keller%2C+M%3BVeldkamp%2C+E%3BWeitz%2C+A+M%3BReiners%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=6443&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Costa Rica; flux; pasture; age; deforestation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-dependent phytotoxicity of fumonisins and related compounds in a duckweed bioassay. AN - 16646682; 2995325 AB - Fumonisins A sub(1), A sub(2), B sub(1), B sub(2), and B sub(3) are a series of secondary metabolite analogues produced by Fusarium moniliforme). The A series fumonisins differ from B series by possession of a N terminal acetyl group. Hydrolytic removal of the propanetricarboxylic acid moieties from fumonisins B sub(1) and B sub(2) yields the aminoalcohols HB sub(1) and HB sub(2), respectively. AAL-toxin is a chemically related phytotoxin (only one propanetricarboxylic acid) produced by Alternaria alternata). In a duckweed (Lemna pausicostata ) bioassay, AAL-toxin and the B series fumonisins at 1 mu M caused pronounced cellular leakage of electrolytes and photodegradation of chlorophylls. These four compounds also caused the most marked reductions in duckweed growth. HB sub(1) at 1 mu M was a moderate growth inhibitor and caused a low level of cellular leakage. The other compounds were inactive at this concentration. Significant effects on cellular leakage were measured at 0.04 mu M for both AAL-toxin and fumonisin B sub(1), the two most active analogues. The propanetricarboxylic acid groups of fumonisins and AAL-toxin are necessary for significant herbicidal activity of this series of compounds, whereas acetylation of the terminal amine group greatly reduces their activity. The structurally related sphingolipids, phytosphingosine and sphingosine, were about two orders of magnitude less phytotoxic than fumonisin B sub(1); however, the phytotoxicity symptoms were similar. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Tanaka, T AU - Abbas, H K AU - Duke, SO AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Lab., P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 779 EP - 785 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - Lemna pausicostata KW - derivatives KW - fumonisins KW - phytotoxicity KW - plant control KW - structure KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - inhibitors KW - herbicides KW - bioassays KW - Freshwater KW - Alternaria alternata KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - growth KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16646682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Structure-dependent+phytotoxicity+of+fumonisins+and+related+compounds+in+a+duckweed+bioassay.&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+T%3BAbbas%2C+H+K%3BDuke%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=779&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plant control; inhibitors; herbicides; toxicity tests; bioassays; growth; structure; phytotoxicity; derivatives; Fusarium moniliforme; Alternaria alternata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Propachlor-S-cysteine: A major circulating metabolite in the calf, pig and rat after administration of propachlor. AN - 16640552; 3022743 AB - Propachlor-S-cysteine was the major metabolite found in systemic blood from rat, pig and calf given propachlor via the stomach. It was also the major metabolite found in the portal blood of pig; the portal blood of rat and calf was not examined. Erythrocytes were the major transporter of propachlor metabolites in rat blood whereas plasma was the major transporter of these metabolites in pig and calf. There was no evidence for metabolism of propachlor-S-cysteine by rat blood or by cytosol from rat, pig and calf erythrocytes. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Davison, K L AU - Larsen, G L AD - USDA, ARS, Biosci. Res. Lab., PO Box 5674-University Station, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 297 EP - 305 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - propachlor KW - cattle KW - pigs KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolites KW - herbicides KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16640552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Propachlor-S-cysteine%3A+A+major+circulating+metabolite+in+the+calf%2C+pig+and+rat+after+administration+of+propachlor.&rft.au=Davison%2C+K+L%3BLarsen%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Davison&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolites; herbicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ozone and carbon dioxide mixtures on two clones of white clover. AN - 16637873; 3026393 AB - The effects of mixtures of ozone and carbon dioxide on growth and physiology of an O sub(3)-sensitive (NC-s) and an O sub(3)-resistant (NC-R) clone of white clover (Trifolium repens) L.) were determined. Enrichment with CO sub(2) decreased foliar gas exchange (measured as stomatal resistance) of NC-R more than that of NC-S whereas O sub(3) decreased gas exchange of NC-S more than that of NC-R. Ozone caused extensive foliar injury of NC-S but caused only slight injury of NC-R. CO sub(2) enrichment suppressed O sub(3)-induced foliar injury of NC-S as measured after 4 wk of exposure, but this effect diminished after 8 wk of exposure. CO sub(2) enrichment decreased the relative chlorophyll content ( mu g of chlorophyll mg super(-1) of leaf tissue sampled) but not the total chlorophyll (total chlorophyll in the leaves sampled). There were no O sub(3) x CO sub(2) interactions for foliar chlorophyll. High concentrations of CO sub(2) caused reddening of new leaves near the end of the 8 wk exposure period. CO sub(2) enrichment decreased foliar concentrations of N, P, K, S, Cu, B, and Fe, increased foliar concentrations of Mn, but did not affect Zn, Ca, or Mg. Ozone exposure did not modify the CO sub(2) effects on foliar nutrient concentration. Ozone decreased growth of NC-S but not NC-R while CO sub(2) enrichment stimulated growth of both clones. The highest CO sub(2) concentration appeared to decrease the effects of O sub(3) on growth of NC-S. JF - New Phytologist AU - Heagle, A S AU - Miller, JE AU - Sherrill, DE AU - Rawlings, JO AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 751 EP - 762 VL - 123 IS - 4 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Trifolium repens KW - carbon dioxide KW - air pollution KW - ozone KW - physiology KW - pollution effects KW - growth KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16637873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ozone+and+carbon+dioxide+mixtures+on+two+clones+of+white+clover.&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BMiller%2C+JE%3BSherrill%2C+DE%3BRawlings%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium repens; air pollution; pollution effects; ozone; carbon dioxide; growth; physiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic relatedness of mycoplasmalike organisms detected in Ulmus spp. in the United States and Italy by means of DNA probes and polymerase chain reactions. AN - 16634612; 3029745 AB - DNA fragments of an elm yellows (EY) mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) from diseased periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus ) were cloned in plasmid vector pSP6 and Escherichia coli strain JM83. DNA probes were prepared by nick translation of EY-specific recombinant plasmids with biotinylated nucleotides. None of the EY probes hybridized with DNA from four representative strains of the aster yellows MLO strain cluster. None of the probes tested at 50 C hybridized with DNA of the MLOs of ash yellows, potato witches'-broom, Canadian peach X, clover proliferation, and beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence diseases, but two tested at 42 C hybridized with DNA of one or another of these MLOs. All probes tested hybridized with MLOs detected in Ulmus americana and U. parvifolia in the United States and in U. carpinifolia in Italy, revealing a close relatedness among these MLOs. These data support the recognition of a unique strain cluster, the elm yellows MLO strain cluster, and identification of strains from the United States and Italy as members of this cluster. Polymerase chain reactions using oligonucleotide primer pairs, derived on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of probe pEY11, provided means for sensitive detection of EY MLOs in infected elm tissue and for differentiation among EY MLO variants. Preliminary results indicated the existence of various strains of EY MLOs in North America that were distinct from a strain of EY MLO present in Italy. JF - Phytopathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Davis, R E AU - Sinclair, WA AU - DeWitt, N D AU - Conti, M AD - USDA-ARS, Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 829 EP - 833 VL - 83 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Ulmus carpinifolia KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Ulmus parvifolia KW - like KW - probes KW - Italy KW - Ulmus americana KW - mycoplasma KW - organisms KW - USA KW - genetic relationship KW - DNA KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16634612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Genetic+relatedness+of+mycoplasmalike+organisms+detected+in+Ulmus+spp.+in+the+United+States+and+Italy+by+means+of+DNA+probes+and+polymerase+chain+reactions.&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BSinclair%2C+WA%3BDeWitt%2C+N+D%3BConti%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycoplasma; Ulmus americana; Ulmus parvifolia; USA; Italy; like; organisms; genetic relationship; DNA; probes; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunogens of bovine viral diarrhea virus AN - 16626272; 3656997 AB - Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a ubiquitous pathogen of cattle that induces economically important diseases affecting multiple organ systems. In the United States, over 150 biological products are licensed for control of BVDV. These products contain live or killed BVDV, and many products contain other viruses or bacteria. Potency tests for these vaccines are based on animal inoculation and serology. For live virus vaccines, titration of viral infectivity in cell culture is an accepted alternative to animal inoculation. The immunogens in a killed virus vaccine may be measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay. Immunogens of BVDV that stimulate a protective immune response have not been conclusively identified. Epitopes on a putative viral envelope glycoprotein, gp53, are involved in viral neutralization. Other viral glycoproteins, gp48 and gp25, are immunogenic but epitopes on these proteins do not stimulate production of antibodies that efficiently neutralize virus. Progress in developing meaningful in vitro assays for quantitation of BVDV immunogens awaits identification of viral proteins that stimulate a protective immunity. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Bolin AD - Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 263 EP - 271 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - bovine diarrhea-mucosal disease virus KW - cattle KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - antigenic determinants KW - vaccines KW - neutralization KW - efficacy KW - disease control KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - V 22144:Prophylaxis & control KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16626272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Immunogens+of+bovine+viral+diarrhea+virus&rft.au=Bolin&rft.aulast=Bolin&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antigenic determinants; neutralization; vaccines; efficacy; disease control; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological control of hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata ) under field conditions with Colletotrichum truncatum formulated in an invert emulsion. AN - 16621151; 3039708 AB - In greenhouse experiments, conidia of Colletotrichum truncatum applied in an invert emulsion formulation controlled hemp sesbania 100% in the absence of a dew treatment. In field experiments, hemp sesbania control averaged 95 and 97% in 1989 and 1990, respectively, when this formulation was applied to hemp sesbania seedlings using tractor-mounted, air-assist nozzles. This level of weed control was comparable to that achieved from the herbicide acifluorfen. These results indicate that C. truncatum has excellent potential as a mycoherbicide for controlling hemp sesbania and that this potential can be augmented by formulating the pathogen as an invert emulsion. JF - Weed Science AU - Boyette, C D AU - Quimby, PC Jr AU - Bryson, C T AU - Egley, G H AU - Fulgham, F E AD - Rangeland Weeds Lab., ARS-USDA, M. State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 497 EP - 500 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Sesbania exultata KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biological control KW - Colletotrichum truncatum KW - weed control KW - herbicides KW - A 01052:Effect of insecticides KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03100:Miscellaneous topics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16621151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+hemp+sesbania+%28Sesbania+exaltata+%29+under+field+conditions+with+Colletotrichum+truncatum+formulated+in+an+invert+emulsion.&rft.au=Boyette%2C+C+D%3BQuimby%2C+PC+Jr%3BBryson%2C+C+T%3BEgley%2C+G+H%3BFulgham%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Boyette&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological control; weed control; herbicides; Colletotrichum truncatum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating Landsat thematic mapper derived vegetation indices for estimating above-ground biomass on semiarid rangelands. AN - 16619715; 3004606 AB - Ground data from the Central Plains Experimental Range in northeast Colorado and Landsat satellite images of that area acquired in August 1989, June 1990, and September 1990 were used to evaluate the level of association that can be expected from a univariate model relating spectrally derived vegetation indices (difference, ratio, and normalized difference vegetation indices) and dried green vegetation biomass. The vegetation indices were related to the ground sample estimates using a sample point, spectral class, and greenness strata approach. No strong relationships were found between the vegetation indices and sample estimates of dried green biomass using the sample point approach. The spectral class approach produced significant results only for the June 1990 sample period (r super(2) = 0.96). Significant relationships were found for the August 1989, June 1990, and September 1990 samples periods (r super(2) = 0.95, 0.71, and 0.95, respectively) when the data were aggregated by greenness strata. The high degree of association between green biomass and the NDVI, obtained when the data were combined into greenness strata, indicated that it is possible to predict green biomass levels on semiarid rangelands using univariate regression models. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Anderson, G L AU - Hanson, J D AU - Haas, R H AD - USDA/ARS/RSRU, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 165 EP - 175 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Colorado KW - Landsat KW - rangelands KW - vegetation surveys KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16619715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Landsat+thematic+mapper+derived+vegetation+indices+for+estimating+above-ground+biomass+on+semiarid+rangelands.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+G+L%3BHanson%2C+J+D%3BHaas%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landsat; USA, Colorado; vegetation surveys; rangelands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Size grading may alter sex ratios of fingerling channel catfish. AN - 16618290; 2984387 AB - The influence of size grading on sex ratios and growth was evaluated for small (0.2-4.0 g) channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus ). Channel catfish from 15 families were ungraded or were graded into two or three size-groups by mean of bar graders with 0.40-0.99-cm slot widths. The 57 groups obtained were reared separately for 3-4 months in 150-L fiberglass tanks. Weight, length, and sex were then determined on up to 100 fish per group. The frequency of males from all families was 51.5%; although progeny from individual families varied from 45.1 to 56.0% males, the frequencies were not different from the expected 1:1 male:female ratio. Males usually were preferentially selected (mean plus or minus SD, 65.1 plus or minus 3.5%) by a grader with a slot width of 0.91 cm, which retained the largest fish in a population; graders with smaller slot widths did not consistently affect the sex distribution. Harvest size of fingerlings was variable and was influenced by initial weights and densities; family-by-grader interactions were significant (P less than or equal to 0.05). Sexually dimorphic growth was observed in 19 of 57 tanks, and in those instances males were always larger than females. Variances for weight and length between sexes were different in less than 10% of the tanks, and the magnitude of the variance differences was significantly influenced by families. These results suggest that grading fingerlings as small as 3 g can affect sex ratios and that channel catfish families may be selected to enhance or decrease sex-related growth differences. JF - Progressive Fish-Culturist AU - Goudie, CA AU - Simco, BA AU - Davis, K B AU - Carmichael, G J AD - USDA-ARS, Catfish Genet. Res. Unit P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 9 EP - 15 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0033-0779, 0033-0779 KW - size grading KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - fish culture KW - sex ratio KW - body size KW - aquaculture techniques KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - growth KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16618290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progressive+Fish-Culturist&rft.atitle=Size+grading+may+alter+sex+ratios+of+fingerling+channel+catfish.&rft.au=Goudie%2C+CA%3BSimco%2C+BA%3BDavis%2C+K+B%3BCarmichael%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Goudie&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progressive+Fish-Culturist&rft.issn=00330779&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fish culture; aquaculture techniques; body size; sex ratio; growth; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative resistance of thirteen apple rootstocks to three species of Phytophthora . AN - 16616118; 3037948 AB - Thirteen apple rootstocks (Antonovka 18, and a domestic seedling (Malus domestica )) were evaluated for resistance to root and crown rots caused by Phytophthora cactorum, P. cambivora , and P. cryptogea in artificially infested soil and for resistance to canker development caused by P. cactorum and P. cambivora in excised and intact stems. In soil infested with P. cactorum , M.9 EMLA, Mark, Bud.118, and Bud.9 were highly resistant (mean crown circumference girdled 2-11%); MM.106 EMLA, Ant.313, and the domestic seedling were highly susceptible (mean crown circumference girdled 74-96%); and the remaining rootstocks were intermediate. With P. cambivora , Mark and Bud.118 were highly resistant (mean root rot 9%); Bud.9, M.7 EMLA, and P.18 were intermediate, and the other rootstocks were moderately to highly susceptible (mean root rot 47-98%). With P. cryptogea , most rootstocks were relatively resistant (mean root rot 1-10%), except M.4, MM.111 EMLA, Ant.313, and P.18 (mean root rot 18-42%). After stem inoculations with P. cactorum , mean canker lengths in excised and intact rootstock stems were correlated positively with mean crown rot lengths in corresponding apple rootstocks grown in infested soil. With P. cambivora , however, mean canker lengths from stem assays of resistance did not correlate significantly with mean crown rot lengths from infested soil assays of resistance. Relative resistance to Phytophthora spp. in apple rootstocks can vary by Phytophthora sp. and by method of evaluation. JF - Phytopathology AU - Browne, G T AU - Mircetich, S M AD - USDA-ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 744 EP - 749 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - disease resistance KW - crown rot KW - rootstocks KW - infection KW - Phytophthora KW - Malus domestica KW - root rot KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16616118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Relative+resistance+of+thirteen+apple+rootstocks+to+three+species+of+Phytophthora+.&rft.au=Browne%2C+G+T%3BMircetich%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Phytophthora; disease resistance; crown rot; root rot; rootstocks; infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium species: Chemistry, genetics, and significance. AN - 16604721; 3039430 AB - Several species of the genus Fusarium and related fungi produce trichothecenes which are sesquiterpenoid epoxides that act as potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis. Interest in the trichothecenes is due primarily to their widespread contamination of agricultural commodities and their adverse effects on human and animal health. In this review, we describe the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway in Fusarium species and discuss genetic evidence that several trichothecene biosynthetic genes are organized in a gene cluster. Trichothecenes are highly toxic to a wide range of eukaryotes, but their specific function, if any, in the survival of the fungi that produce them is not obvious. Trichothecene gene disruption experiments indicate that production of trichothecenes can enhance the severity of disease caused by Fusarium species on some plant hosts. Understanding the regulation and function of trichothecene biosynthesis may aid in development of new strategies for controlling their production in food and feed products. JF - Microbiological reviews. Baltimore AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Hohn, T M AU - McCormick, S P AD - Mycotoxin Res. Unit., Natl. Cent. Agric. Util. Res., ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 595 EP - 604 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0146-0749, 0146-0749 KW - trichothecenes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - feeds KW - protein biosynthesis KW - Fusarium KW - inhibitors KW - genetics KW - food KW - biosynthesis KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16604721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+reviews.+Baltimore&rft.atitle=Trichothecene+biosynthesis+in+Fusarium+species%3A+Chemistry%2C+genetics%2C+and+significance.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BHohn%2C+T+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiological+reviews.+Baltimore&rft.issn=01460749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; biosynthesis; genetics; protein biosynthesis; inhibitors; food; feeds; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of ponderosa pine trees by Armillaria ostoyae : Residual inoculum versus contagion. AN - 16602958; 3050137 AB - Infection of ponderosa pine roots by Armillaria ostoyae was evaluated in 17 excavations of disease centers conducted 14 and 15 years after stand regeneration on ground previously treated to remove Armillaria inoculum. Residual inoculum was the recognizable source of infection for the first 28 trees to die in 15 of the 17 new root disease centers; the other 76 affected trees in these centers became infected by contagion from the initially attacked trees. Dead and dying trees were girdled at the root collar by host resin and Armillaria mycelium and had most of their roots infected. Armillaria -caused lesions occurred on roots of dead and dying trees and also on trees lacking above-ground disease symptoms. On symptomatic trees, the fungus was not occluded within root lesions and spread both distally and proximally from them. In contrast, the fungus was occluded within distinct lesions on roots of trees lacking above-ground symptoms. These results verify that initial infections by A. ostoyae on regenerated ponderosa pines results from residual, primary inoculum that significantly functions for about 12 years. As with disease development in natural stands, subsequent infections and fungal spread that generates recognizable disease centers results from contagion. This information will assist forest managers contemplating initiatial control measures and their determining if any subsequent treatments are needed. JF - Northwest Science AU - Reaves, J L AU - Shaw, CG III AU - Roth, L F AD - USDA For. Serv. Alabama A&M Univ., P. O. Box 1387, Normal, AL 35762, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 156 EP - 162 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0029-344X, 0029-344X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - roots KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - inoculum KW - Armillaria ostoyae KW - disease control KW - longevity KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16602958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Science&rft.atitle=Infection+of+ponderosa+pine+trees+by+Armillaria+ostoyae+%3A+Residual+inoculum+versus+contagion.&rft.au=Reaves%2C+J+L%3BShaw%2C+CG+III%3BRoth%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Reaves&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northwest+Science&rft.issn=0029344X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Armillaria ostoyae; USA, Washington; roots; inoculum; longevity; disease control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the foot-and-mouth disease virus 3C protease expressed in Escherichia coli . AN - 16602300; 3051673 AB - We have constructed a clone encoding the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3C protease gene (p3C) using the polymerase chain reaction. The construct was engineered to contain initiation and termination codons and cloned into a plasmid under the control of the bacteriophage T7 promoter. The p3C gene was expressed both in an in vitro transcription-translation system and in vivo in an Escherichia coli system containing an inducible T7 RNA polymerase gene. In both systems the expressed products were of the appropriate molecular weight and immunologically reactive with bovine convalescent serum. E. coli -expressed 3C protein was mainly found in the insoluble fraction of cell lysates. The E. coli -expressed protease was assayed in an in vitro system with radiolabeled P1 capsid precursor protein and P2 precursor protein as substrates. E. coli -expressed 3C completely processed the P1 and P2 precursors into mature capsid and nonstructural proteins, respectively. The kinetics of processing of P1 by E. coli -expressed 3C revealed the following order of cleavage: VP3-VP1, VP0-VP3, VP1-2A. JF - Virology AU - Bablanian, G M AU - Grubman, MJ AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Plum Island Anim. Dis. Cent., P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 320 EP - 327 VL - 197 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - protease KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - expression KW - clones KW - foot-and-mouth disease virus KW - Escherichia coli KW - characterization KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22032:Viral proteins KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16602300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+foot-and-mouth+disease+virus+3C+protease+expressed+in+Escherichia+coli+.&rft.au=Bablanian%2C+G+M%3BGrubman%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Bablanian&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=197&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clones; expression; characterization; polymerase chain reaction; foot-and-mouth disease virus; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vernal seedling emergence model for common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album ). AN - 16597082; 3003361 AB - Knowledge of timing and extent of weed emergence before and immediately after crop seedbed preparation is needed to decrease need for preplant herbicides and increase efficacy of postemergence weed control in crops with either mechanical or chemical methods. Such knowledge is important for weeds that infest most crops over a wide area. For these reasons a mechanistic seedling emergence model based solely on soil temperature was developed for common lambsquarters. The model was validated using four sets of field data collected in 1988, 1990, and 1991 near Morris, MN. Agreement of predicted and observed emergence values across all site-years was 0.95 and the coefficient of determination (R super(2)) was 0.98 (P < 0.001). Agreement for individual site-years was 0.96, 1.08, 1.08, and 0.98 and associated R super(2) values were 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 (P < 0.001 for each site-year), indicating close agreement between predicted and actual emergence values. JF - Weed Science AU - Harvey, S J AU - Forcella, F AD - Res. Agron., USDA/ARS North Cent. Soil Conserv. Res. Lab., Morris, MN 56267, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 309 EP - 316 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - emergence KW - Chenopodium album KW - USA, Minnesota KW - seedlings KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16597082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Vernal+seedling+emergence+model+for+common+lambsquarters+%28Chenopodium+album+%29.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+S+J%3BForcella%2C+F&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chenopodium album; USA, Minnesota; seedlings; emergence; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergence and growth of two non-nodulated soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in response to soil acidity. AN - 16592552; 3004622 AB - Toxic levels of extractable soil Al limit production of important crops in many areas of the world. The nature of the limitation in soybeans is not completely understood. Our objectives were to investigate the cause of acid-soil-induced delays in seedling emergence, the effect of acidity on productivity in non-nodulated soybeans and further test the Al tolerance of PI 416,937 compared to a sensitive control, Essex. Growth characteristics of the two genotypes through the flowering stage were measured on a Corozal clay (Aquic Tropudult) in Puerto Rico which had been differentially limed to provide a wide range of soil Al. Early growth was also studied in the laboratory using soil from the field experiment. Highly acidic soil conditions, coupled with high Al levels, reduced growth in both Essex and PI 416,937. The principal factor responsible for delayed emergence in the high Al soil was not delayed radicle initiation, but delayed initiation of hypocotyl elongation. Hypocotyl initiation was highly associated with rate of tap root growth, with the former possibly determined by the latter, because a minimum tap root length of 60 mm was required in both high and low Al soils before hypocotyl initiation commenced. In seedlings, the high acidity reduced root more than shoot growth. By 44 days after planting (DAP), however, soil acidity had reduced shoot growth greatly. Although the soybean plants were not nodulated, foliar N levels and shoot growth were decreased by high Al levels, indicating that interference with N fixation may not be the sole mechanism by which nitrogen accumulation and plant growth is reduced in the field. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Ritchey, K D AU - Carter, TE Jr AD - ASWCRL, USDA, ARS, P.O. Box 867, Beckley, WV 25802-0867, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 175 EP - 183 VL - 151 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - soil pH KW - emergence KW - acidity KW - Glycine max KW - growth KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16592552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Emergence+and+growth+of+two+non-nodulated+soybean+genotypes+%28Glycine+max+%28L.%29+Merr.%29+in+response+to+soil+acidity.&rft.au=Ritchey%2C+K+D%3BCarter%2C+TE+Jr&rft.aulast=Ritchey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; soil pH; acidity; emergence; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Universal amplification and analysis of pathogen 16S rDNA for classification and identification of mycoplasmalike organisms. AN - 16590776; 3029744 AB - Regions representing about 80% of the 16S rDNA sequences of 40 mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) strains from North America, Asia, and Europe were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a primer pair designed on the basis of an MLO 16S rRNA gene. This primer pair detected every MLO examined from infected periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus ) and some other plants. No PCR products were obtained in samples containing DNA extracted from healthy plants. The partial 16S rDNA sequences amplified from these various MLOs were compared through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. Based on similarity coefficients derived from RFLP analyses, these 40 MLOs could be classified into nine distinct 16S ribosomal RNA (16Sr) groups and 14 subgroups, including five groups that coincide with MLO strain clusters previously delineated on the basis of dot hybridization analysis using randomly cloned chromosomal DNA probes. Type MLO strains designated for each group and subgroup were as follows: 16SrI-A, tomato big bud; 16SrI-B, Maryland aster yellows; 16SrI-C, clover phyllody; 16SrI-D, paulownia witches'-broom; 16SrI-E, blueberry stunt; 16SrII, peanut witches'-broom; 16SrIII-A, Canada peach X; 16SrIII-B, clover yellow edge; 16SrIV, palm lethal yellowing; 16SrV, elm yellows; 16SrVI, clover proliferation; 16SrVII, ash yellows; 16SrVIII, loofah witches'-broom; and 16SrIX, pigeon pea witches'-broom. JF - Phytopathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Hammond, R W AU - Davis, R E AU - Gundersen, DE AD - Mol. Plant Pathol. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 834 EP - 842 VL - 83 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - amplification KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - analysis KW - identification KW - classification KW - DNA KW - mycoplasma-like organisms KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16590776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Universal+amplification+and+analysis+of+pathogen+16S+rDNA+for+classification+and+identification+of+mycoplasmalike+organisms.&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BHammond%2C+R+W%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BGundersen%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycoplasma-like organisms; classification; identification; DNA; analysis; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell wall composition of calcium-treated apples inoculated with Botrytis cinerea . AN - 16586360; 3011871 AB - The role of calcium in maintaining cell wall integrity was investigated in cortical tissue of apple fruit. Carbohydrate, phenolic, protein and mineral element composition were determined in cell walls of high- and low-calcium content fruit inoculated with Botrytis cinerea . Cell walls in fungal-infected tissue of low-calcium fruit showed a decrease in non-cellulosic polysaccharides containing galacturonosyl, rhamnosyl, arabinosyl, xylosyl and galactosyl moieties and increases in cellulose, wall-bound phenolics, protein and mineral elements. In infected tissue of high-calcium fruit, the compositional changes in the cell wall were generally smaller compared with those observed in the low-calcium treatment. The results of this investigation indicate that the effect of calcium in reducing decay is associated with maintaining cell wall structure by delaying and/or modifying chemical changes in cell wall composition. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Tobias, R B AU - Conway, W S AU - Sams, CE AU - Gross, K C AU - Whitaker, B D AD - USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Hortic. Crops Qual. Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 35 EP - 39 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - calcium KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - cell walls KW - infection KW - composition KW - role KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - Malus domestica KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16586360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Cell+wall+composition+of+calcium-treated+apples+inoculated+with+Botrytis+cinerea+.&rft.au=Tobias%2C+R+B%3BConway%2C+W+S%3BSams%2C+CE%3BGross%2C+K+C%3BWhitaker%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Tobias&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Botrytis cinerea; cell walls; composition; infection; role ER - TY - CONF T1 - Vaccines for preventing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in farm animals. AN - 16579270; 2991985 AB - Fimbrial vaccines are routinely given parenterally to pregnant cattle, sheep and swine to protect suckling newborn calves, lambs and pigs against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections. Such vaccines are practical and effective because (1) most fatal ETEC infections in farm animals occur in the early neonatal period when the antibody titres in colostrum and milk are highest; (2) more than 90% of the ETEC in farm animals belong to a small family of fimbrial antigen types; (3) fimbriae consist of good protein antigens on the bacterial surface where they are readily accessible to antibody; (4) fimbriae are required for a critical step (adhesion-colonization) early in the pathogenesis of the disease. ETEC infections continue to be a significant clinical problem in farm animals in spite of extensive use of fimbriae-based vaccines. Definitive data on the efficacy of the commercial vaccines in field use are not available. The prevailing perception among animal health professionals is that the vaccines are effective, that the problem occurs chiefly among non-vaccinated animals, and that in some herds vaccination moves peak prevalence of disease from the first to the second or third week after birth, when mortality is lower. It has been suggested that extensive use of vaccines will rapidly select for the emergence of novel or previously low prevalence fimbrial antigen types. There is no evidence that this has happened after a decade of routine vaccine use in the United States. However, there is no active direct surveillance for such emergence. In contrast to the rational development of vaccines to provide passive lacteal protection against ETEC in suckling neonates, comparatively little progress has been made in providing the knowledge required for development of vaccines to protect against postweaning ETEC infections in swine. JF - Vaccine AU - Moon, H W AU - Bunn, TO Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 213 EP - 220 VL - 11 IS - 2 KW - enterotoxogenic KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - livestock KW - gastrointestinal tract diseases KW - Escherichia coli KW - pili KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - A 01099:Bacteria and fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16579270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Vaccines+for+preventing+enterotoxigenic+Escherichia+coli+infections+in+farm+animals.&rft.au=Moon%2C+H+W%3BBunn%2C+TO&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and analysis of veterinary vaccine efficacy trials AN - 16578276; 3656340 AB - Vaccination-challenge tests that involve all-or-none responses and do not require a direct comparison between vaccinates and controls can be completely characterized by the binomial distribution. Consumer and producer risks associated with binomial distribution based tests can be adjusted by altering the number of animals involved and the criterion for acceptance. Clinical signs or other outcomes measured on an ordinal or ranking scale should generally be analyzed by nonparametric statistical procedures. Parametric statistical tests are the most appropriate for data measured on an interval scale if the necessary assumptions are met concerning the population sampled. The use of in vitro potency tests in quality control procedures for inactivated vaccines depends on the demonstration of a significant dose-response efficacy relationship in the host animal. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Tanner, JE AU - Morgan, A P AD - USDA, APHIS, BBEP, VB 6505 Belcrest Rd., Room 838, Federal Build., Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 221 EP - 230 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - veterinary medicine KW - risks KW - hosts KW - quality control KW - efficacy KW - mathematical models KW - vaccination KW - A 01096:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16578276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Design+and+analysis+of+veterinary+vaccine+efficacy+trials&rft.au=Tanner%2C+JE%3BMorgan%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - veterinary medicine; risks; quality control; hosts; mathematical models; efficacy; vaccination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of stream acidity on decomposition of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and red oak (Quercus rubra) leaves AN - 16576704; 3664890 AB - The wide range in acidity levels in forest streams (e g., due to differences in acid mine drainage or acidic deposition loads) may directly or indirectly affect leaf decomposition. A cytological study was undertaken to examine structural changes over time in leaves exposed to streams of different pH levels. Sugar maple and red oak leaves were collected at leaf fall, stored dry over the winter, cut into l-inch super(2) sections in the spring, and placed in mesh bags in one of two streams (pH 5.6 or 3.2). After 7, 14, 28, and 56 days, leaf squares were removed from each stream and prepared for light and electron microscopy. After seven days, alterations in cuticular wax structure were seen in both species at pH 3.2 but not at pH 5.2. After 28 days, sugar maple leaves not seen in red oak at pH 5.6 or in either species at pH 3.2. Dense phenolic-like compounds were seen in mesophyll cells of red oak but not sugar maple leaves at each harvest date. Overall, leaf decomposition was more rapid in both species at pH 5.6, probably due to increased numbers or types of aquatic microorganisms found at this pH. Acidity level appeared to have a direct effect on cuticular wax structure. JF - Ohio Journal of Science AU - McQuattie, C J AU - Stephenson, S L AU - Edwards, P J AD - USDA For. Serv., 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 48 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0030-0950, 0030-0950 KW - acid mine drainage KW - acidic water KW - allochthonous deposits KW - decomposition KW - hydrogen ion concentration KW - mine tailings KW - pH effects KW - sample preparation KW - streams KW - trees KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - Freshwater KW - leaves KW - acid rain KW - drainage water KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16576704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+stream+acidity+on+decomposition+of+sugar+maple+%28Acer+saccharum%29+and+red+oak+%28Quercus+rubra%29+leaves&rft.au=McQuattie%2C+C+J%3BStephenson%2C+S+L%3BEdwards%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=McQuattie&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.issn=00300950&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; allochthonous deposits; drainage water; mine tailings; leaves; pH effects; acid rain; sample preparation; acidic water; acid mine drainage; decomposition; hydrogen ion concentration; trees; streams; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical treatment of the relationships between soil heat flux/net radiation ratio and vegetation indices AN - 16567894; 3636072 AB - Relationships between leaf area index (LAI) and midday soil heat flux/net radiation ratio (G/R sub(n)) and two more commonly used vegetation indices (VIs) were used to analytically derive formulas describing the relationship between G/R sub(n) and VI. Use of VI for estimating G/R sub(n) may be useful in operational remote sensing models that evaluate the spatial variation in the surface energy balance over large areas. While previous experimental data have shown that linear equations can adequately describe the relationship between G/R sub(n) and VI, this analytical treatment indicated that nonlinear relationships are more appropriate. Data over bare soil and soybeans under a range of canopy cover conditions from a humid climate and data collected over bare soil, alfalfa, and cotton fields in an arid climate were used to evaluate model formulations derived for LAI and G/R sub(n), LAI and VI, and VI and G/R sub(n). In general, equations describing LAI-G/R sub(n) and LAI-VI relationships agreed with the data and supported the analytical result of a nonlinear relationship between VI and G/R sub(n). With the simple ratio (NIR/Red) as the VI, the nonlinear relationship with G/R sub(n) was confirmed qualitatively. But with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a nonlinear relationship did not appear to fit the data. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Kustas, W P AU - Daughtry, CST AU - Van Oevelen, PJ AD - USDA-ARS Hydrol. Lab., Bldg. 7, Room 104, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 319 EP - 330 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - soils KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - models KW - heat transfer KW - agricultural ecosystems KW - water balance KW - remote sensing KW - D 04130:Arid zones KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16567894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Analytical+treatment+of+the+relationships+between+soil+heat+flux%2Fnet+radiation+ratio+and+vegetation+indices&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BDaughtry%2C+CST%3BVan+Oevelen%2C+PJ&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural ecosystems; water balance; heat transfer; remote sensing; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roles of Nasonov and queen pheromones in attraction of honeybee swarms AN - 16567224; 3635354 JF - Naturwissenschaften AU - Schmidt, JO AU - Slessor, K N AU - Winston, M L AD - Carl Hayden Bee Res. Cent., ARS-USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 573 EP - 575 VL - 80 IS - 12 SN - 0028-1042, 0028-1042 KW - Nasonov pheromone KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Apidae KW - queen pheromone KW - attractancy KW - swarming behavior KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18054:Others KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16567224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naturwissenschaften&rft.atitle=Roles+of+Nasonov+and+queen+pheromones+in+attraction+of+honeybee+swarms&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+JO%3BSlessor%2C+K+N%3BWinston%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Naturwissenschaften&rft.issn=00281042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Hymenoptera; attractancy; swarming behavior; queen pheromone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of triadimenol seed treatment and timing of foliar fungicide applications on onset and extent of powdery mildew and leaf rust epidemics. AN - 16541266; 2970925 AB - Powdery mildew and leaf rust occur yearly in wheat-growing areas of the southeastern United States. However, the time of onset and peak severity differ between diseases, and consequently, wheat plants are subject to disease stress throughout a long period of the growing season. Three cultivars of winter wheat varying in their level of disease resistance and either seed treated with triadimenol or untreated were planted at Kinston and Plymouth, NC, during the fall of 1989 and 1990. Plots received foliar fungicide applications at different times during the two growing seasons to determine how cultivar, seed treatment, and time of foliar fungicide application affected development and severity of powdery mildew and leaf rust, yield components and yield. The extent of mildew and leaf rust and their impact on yield components and yield varied between environments. At Kinston, where both powdery mildew and leaf rust were severe during 1989-1990 and 1990-1991, mildew positively influenced tiller number, and rust influenced 500-kernel weight and number of seeds per head. Powdery mildew was present only at low levels at Plymouth; leaf rust reduced 500-kernel weight and yield. Seed treatment reduced the extent of powdery mildew in all environments and reduced leaf rust at Kinston during 1989-1990 and at Plymouth during 1990-1991. When seed was treated with triadimenol, the optimum time of foliar fungicide application for maximum yield response was delayed in six of nine cultivar X environment combinations. JF - Phytopathology AU - Everts, K L AU - Leath, S AD - USDA, ARS, Dep. Plant Pathol., NC State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 557 EP - 562 VL - 83 IS - 5 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - triadimenol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Puccinia recondita KW - Blumeria graminis KW - leaf rust KW - fungicides KW - Triticum aestivum KW - seed treatments KW - powdery mildew KW - A 01043:Seed treatments KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16541266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+triadimenol+seed+treatment+and+timing+of+foliar+fungicide+applications+on+onset+and+extent+of+powdery+mildew+and+leaf+rust+epidemics.&rft.au=Everts%2C+K+L%3BLeath%2C+S&rft.aulast=Everts&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Blumeria graminis; Puccinia recondita; seed treatments; fungicides; leaf rust; powdery mildew ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of urease from Aspergillus niger . AN - 16541093; 2974871 AB - Urease was purified (4126-fold) from Aspergillus niger (NRRL 003) to a homologous enzyme preparation with a specific activity of 1341 mu mol/min/(mg protein). One species of urease was detected in A. niger , with K sub(m) = 3.0 mM, native molecular mass 250 000 Da, pH optimum of 8.0 and a high specificity for urea. Hydroxyurea was a strong competitive inhibitor of urease activity, while N-methylurea acted as a weak uncompetitive inhibitor, based on Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee plots. The activity of urease was enhanced by, but not dependent on, the presence of Na sub(2)EDTA, DL-dithiothreitol ( less than or equal to 0.1 to 5.0 mM), Ca super(2+), Ba super(2+) and citrate (2 to 20 mM). Urease activity was not affected by Na super(+), K super(+), Cl super(-), Br super(-), acetate or nitrate (2 to 20 mM), but was significantly decreased in the presence of Li super(+), Ni super(2+), Mg super(2+), Zn super(2+) or I super(-). Urease activity decreased 26.0% after 30 min at 65 degree C, and 86.5% and 100.0% after 5 and 1 min at 80 and 100 degree C, respectively. Urease activity decreased 30.5% after 90 d at 4 degree C and 21.0% after 28 d at -20 or -80 degree C. JF - Microbiology AU - Smith, P T AU - King, AD AU - Goodman, N AD - USDA, Western Reg. Res. Cent., Process Biotechnol. Res. Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 957 EP - 962 VL - 139 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1287, 0022-1287 KW - urease KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - characterization KW - purification KW - Aspergillus niger KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16541093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+urease+from+Aspergillus+niger+.&rft.au=Smith%2C+P+T%3BKing%2C+AD%3BGoodman%2C+N&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=00221287&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus niger; purification; characterization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced botulinal toxin development in beef sausages containing decolourized red blood cell fractions. AN - 16532066; 2961797 AB - Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum was studied in a model cured beef sausage containing decolourized dried bovine red blood cells (RBC), including intact RBC, acetone-treated RBC, enzyme-treated RBC, peroxide-treated RCB or plasma. Samples were formulated with beef shoulder, curing agents and spores of proteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum . Toxin was detected earlier in samples containing higher levels of iron except for acetone-treated RBC. Higher pH values were associated with shorter times to toxin detection. We conclude that the RBC decolourization method can significantly modulate Cl. botulinum growth and toxigenesis. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Miller, A J AU - Murphy, CA AU - Call, JE AU - Konieczny, P AU - Uchman, W AD - USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 80 EP - 83 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - sausages KW - erythrocytes KW - toxins KW - fractions KW - containing KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - production KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16532066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+botulinal+toxin+development+in+beef+sausages+containing+decolourized+red+blood+cell+fractions.&rft.au=Miller%2C+A+J%3BMurphy%2C+CA%3BCall%2C+JE%3BKonieczny%2C+P%3BUchman%2C+W&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; toxins; production; erythrocytes; fractions; containing; sausages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf area and net photosynthesis during development of Prunus serotina seedlings. AN - 16526154; 2964093 AB - We used the plastochron index to study the relationship between plant age, leaf age and development, and net photosynthesis of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seedlings. Leaf age and net photosynthesis were measured on all leaves greater than or equal to 75 mm of plants ranging in age from 7 to 20 plastochrons. Effects of plant developmental stage on leaf area and net photosynthesis were evaluated for leaves of differing age (horizontal series), leaves on plants of constant age (vertical series), and leaves of constant age (oblique series). Regression techniques were used to estimate leaf area from leaf blade dimensions. The best equations for predicting leaf age had R super(2) values of 0.991-0.992 and used linear or logarithmic functions of both leaf length and width. Suitable, but less precise, equations with R super(2) values of 0.946-0.962 were developed from either leaf length or leaf width. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Horsley, S B AU - Gottschalk, K W AD - USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Warren, PA 16365 USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 55 EP - 69 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - development KW - leaf area KW - Prunus serotina KW - seedlings KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16526154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Leaf+area+and+net+photosynthesis+during+development+of+Prunus+serotina+seedlings.&rft.au=Horsley%2C+S+B%3BGottschalk%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus serotina; photosynthesis; leaf area; development; seedlings ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring experimental swine dysentery: Rectal swab blood test and Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae detection. AN - 16509593; 2948284 AB - In two experiments, ten postweaning piglets were inoculated intragastrically with cultures of Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae strain B204 and were individually monitored for swine dysentery. Eight control animals received sterile culture medium. Between the day of inoculation and 35 days later, rectal swab samples were assayed for fecal blood by means of a commercial test kit and for S. hyodysenteriae cells by direct (phase contrast) microscopy and selective culture methods. Optimal detection of S. hyodysenteriae required both microscopy and culturing. Of 41 rectal swab samples positive for fecal blood, 38 (93%) were positive by direct microscopy, by selective culture, or by both techniques. Of 118 samples negative for fecal blood, 115 (97%) were negative by direct microscopy, by selective culture, or by both techniques. Swab samples from control swine were negative for fecal blood. The fecal blood test was a convenient and reliable method for objectively monitoring individual animals with experimental swine dysentery. The occult blood test used in these studies might be generally useful for veterinary surgeons to monitor and diagnose swine intestinal disorders in which fecal blood is produced. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Stanton, T B AU - Jensen, N S AD - Physiopathol. Res. Unit, Natl. Anim. Dis. Cent., USDA-Agric. Res. Serv., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 389 EP - 396 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - detection KW - dysentery KW - Serpulina hyodysenteriae KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16509593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Monitoring+experimental+swine+dysentery%3A+Rectal+swab+blood+test+and+Serpulina+%28Treponema%29+hyodysenteriae+detection.&rft.au=Stanton%2C+T+B%3BJensen%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serpulina hyodysenteriae; detection; dysentery ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vascular cambial sucrose metabolism and growth in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in relation to transplanting stress. AN - 16504108; 2954130 AB - Sucrose synthase (SS) was the dominant enzyme of sucrose metabolism in both stem and root vascular cambial zone tissues of nursery-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activities were generally less than 10% of the SS activity in both tissues. In both cambial tissues, seasonal patterns of enzyme activity were observed for SS but not for AI or NI. The seasonal patterns of SS activity in stem and root cambia paralleled the periodic growth of stems and roots. Stems had high SS activity and growth during summer and early fall. Roots had substantial SS activity and growth during summer and fall, but SS activity and growth were even higher in winter. When seedlings were transplanted, about eight months elapsed before stem and root cambia resumed rates of growth and sucrose metabolism similar to those in control nontransplanted seedlings. Two months after transplanting, root SS was at its lowest, whereas AI activity in transplants was 50% higher than in control nontransplanted seedlings. In stems, SS activity decreased in response to transplanting, whereas AI and NI activities did not change appreciably. It was concluded that: (1) SS was the dominant enzyme for sucrose metabolism in root and stem cambial tissues of loblolly pine seedlings; (2) both SS and PPi-PFK in the cambial tissues can be used as biochemical indicators of growth sink strength in stems and roots; and (3) both enzymes can be used as indicators of seedling stress caused by events such as transplanting and winter freezing. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Sung, Shi-JeanS AU - Kormanik, P P AU - Black, C C AD - Inst. Tree Root Biol., For. Sci. Lab., Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn. USDA Forest Serv., 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 243 EP - 258 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - transplantation KW - Pinus taeda KW - growth KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16504108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Vascular+cambial+sucrose+metabolism+and+growth+in+loblolly+pine+%28Pinus+taeda+L.%29+in+relation+to+transplanting+stress.&rft.au=Sung%2C+Shi-JeanS%3BKormanik%2C+P+P%3BBlack%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Sung&rft.aufirst=Shi-JeanS&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; growth; transplantation ER - TY - CONF T1 - Increasing CO sub(2) and plant-plant interactions: Effects on natural vegetation. AN - 16501194; 2947293 AB - Plant species and functional groups of species show marked differences in photosynthesis and growth in relation to rising atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations through the range of the 30% increase of the recent past and the 100% increase since the last glaciation. A large shift was found in the compositional mix of 26 species of C sub(3)'s and 17 species grown from a native soil seed bank in a competitive mode along a CO sub(2) gradient that approximated the CO sub(2) increase of the past 150 years and before. The biomass of C sub(3)'s increased from near zero to 50% of the total while that of the C sub(4)'s was reduced 25% as CO sub(2) levels approached current ambient. The proposition that acclimation to rising CO sub(2) will largely negate the fertilization effect of higher CO sub(2) levels on C sub(3)'s is not supported. No signs of photosynthetic acclimation were evident for Avena sativa, Prosopis glandulosa), and Schizachyrium scoparium plants grown in subambient CO sub(2). JF - Vegetatio AU - Johnson, H B AU - Polley, H W AU - Mayeux, H S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 157 EP - 170 VL - 104-105 KW - carbon dioxide KW - effects on KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - enrichment KW - plants KW - interaction KW - vegetation changes KW - competition KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16501194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=Increasing+CO+sub%282%29+and+plant-plant+interactions%3A+Effects+on+natural+vegetation.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+H+B%3BPolley%2C+H+W%3BMayeux%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=104-105&rft.issue=&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of bacteria associated with postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables by cellular fatty acid composition: An expert system for personal computers. AN - 16499953; 2953887 AB - The cellular fatty acid composition of 190 bacterial strains representing six genera associated with postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables was statistically analyzed and was used as the basis of an expert system of identification. The expert system was built with off-the-shelf hardware and software, i.e., a commercially available, database management program and personal computer. The database included fatty acid profiles of Bacillus, Clostridium, Cytophaga, Xanthomonas , and the species: Erwinia amylovora, E. ananas, E. herbicola, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, E. chrysanthemi, E. rhapontici, Pseudomonas cepacia, P. gladioli , P. aeruginosa, P. cichorii, P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. syringae , and P. viridiflava . A total of 78 fatty acids were detected by gas-liquid chromatography, and mean percentages (of the total) were analyzed statistically for each fatty acid and chemical class. Genera were differentiated by a class analysis. Clostridium had the highest mean percentage (63.90%) of saturated, straight-chain, even-carbon fatty acids (class A), significantly different from all genera except Erwinia (40.89%). Cytophaga was unique, with a high mean percentage (9.44%) of saturated, straight-chain, odd-carbon fatty acids (class B). Mean percentages for class C, saturated, straight-chain fatty acids, were significantly higher for Erwinia (42.11%) and Pseudomonas (fluorescent, 53.10%, and nonfluorescent, 35.33%) than for Bacillus (8.91%), Clostridium (16.31%), and Cytophaga (19.98%). In class D, hydroxy-substituted acids, mean percentages for Bacillus (1.06%) and Clostridium (2.28%) were significantly lower than for Cytophaga (11.00%) and the nonfluorescent pseudomonads (13.97%). In class E, saturated, branched-chain fatty acids, mean percentages for Erwinia and Pseudomonas were less than 1.5% compared to over 11% in other genera. In class F, unsaturated, branched-chain fatty acids, mean percentages for the pseudomonads were less than 0.2%, significantly lower than in any other genus. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wells, J M AU - Butterfield, JE AU - Revear, L G AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Reg. Res. Cent., 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 445 EP - 455 VL - 83 IS - 4 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - computer programmes KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - fatty acids KW - fruits KW - vegetables KW - identification KW - bacteria KW - post-harvest decay KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16499953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+bacteria+associated+with+postharvest+diseases+of+fruits+and+vegetables+by+cellular+fatty+acid+composition%3A+An+expert+system+for+personal+computers.&rft.au=Wells%2C+J+M%3BButterfield%2C+JE%3BRevear%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; identification; post-harvest decay; fruits; vegetables; fatty acids ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effects of increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) on vegetation. AN - 16495521; 2947216 AB - The increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration probably will have significant direct effects on vegetation whether predicted changes in climate occur or not. Averaging over many prior greenhouse and growth chamber studies, plant growth and yield have typically increased more than 30% with a doubling of CO sub(2) concentration. Such a doubling also causes stomatal conductance to decrease about 37%, which typically increases leaf temperature more than 1 degree C, and which may decrease evapotranspiration, although increases in leaf area counteract the latter effect. Interactions between CO sub(2) and climate variables also appear important. In one study the growth increase from near-doubled CO sub(2) ranged from minus 60% at 12 degree C to 0% at 19 degree C to plus 130% at 34 degree C, suggesting that if the climate warms, the average growth response to doubled CO sub(2) could be consistently higher than the 30% mentioned above. Even when growing in nutrient-poor soil, the growth response to elevated CO sub(2) has been large, in contrast to nutrient solution studies which showed little response. Several studies have suggested that under water-stress, the CO sub(2) growth stimulation is as large or larger than under wellwatered conditions. JF - Vegetatio AU - Kimball, BA AU - Mauney, J R AU - Nakayama, F S AU - Idso, S B Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 65 EP - 75 VL - 104-105 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - atmospheric conditions KW - enrichment KW - plants KW - growth KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16495521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=Effects+of+increasing+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+on+vegetation.&rft.au=Kimball%2C+BA%3BMauney%2C+J+R%3BNakayama%2C+F+S%3BIdso%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=104-105&rft.issue=&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Crop responses to CO sub(2) enrichment. AN - 16494162; 2947175 AB - Carbon dioxide is rising in the global atmosphere, and this increase can be expected to continue into the foreseeable future. This compound is an essential input to plant life. Crop function is affected across all scales from biochemical to agro-ecosystem. An array of methods (leaf cuvettes, field chambers, free-air release systems) are available for experimental studies of CO sub(2) effects. Carbon dioxide enrichment of the air in which crops grow usually stimulates their growth and yield. Plant structure and physiology are markedly altered. Interactions between CO sub(2) and environmental factors that influence plants are known to occur. Implications for crop growth and yield are enormous. Strategies designed to assure future global food security must include a consideration of crop responses to elevated atmospheric CO sub(2). JF - Vegetatio AU - Rogers, H H AU - Dahlman, R C Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 117 EP - 131 VL - 104-105 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - response KW - crops KW - greenhouse effect KW - growth KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16494162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetatio&rft.atitle=Crop+responses+to+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+H+H%3BDahlman%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=104-105&rft.issue=&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vegetatio&rft.issn=00423106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population structure and genetic analysis of field resistance to thiabendazole in Gibberella pulicaris from potato tubers. AN - 16464607; 2920999 AB - Forty-two strain of Gibberella pulicaris (anamorph: Fusarium sambucinum , synonym F. subphureum ) were obtained from dry-rotted potato tubers collected in North America between 1963 and 1991. Twenty-four of 25 strains collected in 1990 and 1991 were resistant to the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ), which is widely used to control potato dry rot. The 17 strains collected between 1963 and 1986 were all very sensitive to TBZ. In laboratory tests, most TBZ-resistant and TBZ-sensitive strains were virulent on potato tubers and produced trichothecene mycotoxins in liquid culture and in potato tubers. All 42 strains were characterized for sexual compatibility by crosses with tester strains and for vegetative compatibility by complementation of nitrate-nonutilizing mutants. Twenty-one (50%) of the strains belonged to one widespread vegetative compatibility group (VCG 01). Twelve strains (26%) belonged to two additional overlapping groups (VCG 03 and 04). Forty strains were mating type 1. Two strains were mating type 2 and belonged to a unique group (VCG 02). All TBZ-resistant strains were vegetatively compatible with TBZ-sensitive strains collected in previous years. Genetic analysis indicated that TBZ resistance was stable and inherited as a single gene or as closely linked genes, and that resistance mutations of independently isolated field strains were allelic. These results suggest that TBZ-resistant strains are competitive and have the potential to spread and persist in the G. pulicaris population that causes potato tuber dry rot in North America. JF - Phytopathology AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Christ-Harned, E A AU - McCormick, S P AU - Secor, G A AD - Mycotoxin Res., Natl. Cent. Agric. Utilization Res., USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 164 EP - 170 VL - 83 IS - 2 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - thiabendazole KW - Solanum tuberosum L. KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Gibberella pulicaris KW - fungicides KW - dry rot KW - population genetics KW - genetic analysis KW - resistant mutant KW - tubers KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16464607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Population+structure+and+genetic+analysis+of+field+resistance+to+thiabendazole+in+Gibberella+pulicaris+from+potato+tubers.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BChrist-Harned%2C+E+A%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BSecor%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gibberella pulicaris; dry rot; fungicides; resistant mutant; genetic analysis; population genetics; tubers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil water controls on aerobic soil emission of gaseous nitrogen oxides. AN - 16419521; 2905485 AB - Soil water content has multiple effects on the emission of gaseous N oxides. To separate and characterize these effects, we monitored rates of CO sub(2), NO, and N sub(2)O evolution and changes in inorganic N concentrations of soil under a factorial combination of three N treatments and three water treatments during a 10-day laboratory incubation study. Because the emission of NO from control and NH sub(4)NO sub(3)-amended soil varied with the rate of chemoautotrophic NH sub(4) super(+) oxidation and was virtually eliminated by a specific inhibitor of that process (nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine)), we concluded that nitrification was the principal NO source over the entire tested range of soil water potentials (-10 to less than -1000 kPa). Denitrification made to significant contribution to N oxide emissions from even the wettest soil, so nitrifiers were probably also responsible for the much smaller emission of N sub(2)O under all treatments. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Hutchinson, G L AU - Guenzi, W D AU - Livingston, G P AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - nitrogen oxides KW - emission KW - soil microorganism KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - chemoautotrophic bacteria KW - control KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16419521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Soil+water+controls+on+aerobic+soil+emission+of+gaseous+nitrogen+oxides.&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+G+L%3BGuenzi%2C+W+D%3BLivingston%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - control; chemoautotrophic bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CO sub(2), CH sub(4), and N sub(2)O flux through a Wyoming snowpack and implications for global budgets. AN - 16411831; 2896940 AB - Increasing atmospheric concentrations of the three main greenhouse gasses--carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide--account for about 70% of anticipated global warming, but the production consumption budgets are not balanced for any of these gases. Snow can cover between 44 and 53% of the land area of the Northern Hemisphere and may be several metres deep in alpine and sub-alpine regions for more than half the year. Most trace-gas budgets assume that trace-gas exchange stops when soil is snow covered or soil temperatures drop to similar to 0 degree C. Here we present evidence that the soils under alpine and sub-alpine snowpacks emit CO sub(2) and N sub(2)O and take up atmospheric CH sub(4) throughout the snow-covered period. These fluxes represent an important part of the annual trace-gas budget for these ecosystems. JF - Nature AU - Sommerfeld, R A AU - Mosier, A R AU - Musselman, R C AD - USDA For Serv., 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 140 EP - 142 VL - 361 IS - 6408 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - soils KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - carbon dioxide KW - snow KW - greenhouse effect KW - global warming KW - methane KW - USA, Wyoming KW - nitrous oxide KW - gases KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16411831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=CO+sub%282%29%2C+CH+sub%284%29%2C+and+N+sub%282%29O+flux+through+a+Wyoming+snowpack+and+implications+for+global+budgets.&rft.au=Sommerfeld%2C+R+A%3BMosier%2C+A+R%3BMusselman%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Sommerfeld&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=361&rft.issue=6408&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Wyoming; carbon dioxide; methane; nitrous oxide; greenhouse effect; global warming; snow; air pollution; gases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on boron absorption by reference minerals and soils AN - 1420512624; 2013-063983 JF - Program and Abstracts - Annual Clay Minerals Conference AU - Goldberg, Sabine AU - Forster, H S AU - Heick, E L AU - Berry, W Richard Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 172 PB - Clay Minerals Society, [s. l.] VL - 30 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - goethite KW - clay mineralogy KW - effects KW - kaolinite KW - temperature KW - clay minerals KW - calcite KW - absorption KW - oxides KW - sheet silicates KW - boron KW - gibbsite KW - geochemistry KW - carbonates KW - pH KW - montmorillonite KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1420512624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+boron+absorption+by+reference+minerals+and+soils&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Sabine%3BForster%2C+H+S%3BHeick%2C+E+L%3BBerry%2C+W+Richard&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Clay Minerals Society 30th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-08-15 N1 - CODEN - CMCPCT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; boron; calcite; carbonates; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; effects; geochemistry; gibbsite; goethite; kaolinite; montmorillonite; oxides; pH; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of atrazine on soil clay components AN - 1420511987; 2013-063871 JF - Program and Abstracts - Annual Clay Minerals Conference AU - Laird, David A AU - Berry, W Richard Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 42 PB - Clay Minerals Society, [s. l.] VL - 30 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - protection KW - sorption KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - clay mineralogy KW - pollution KW - clay minerals KW - triazines KW - organic compounds KW - atrazine KW - sheet silicates KW - pesticides KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1420511987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+atrazine+on+soil+clay+components&rft.au=Laird%2C+David+A%3BBerry%2C+W+Richard&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Annual+Clay+Minerals+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Clay Minerals Society 30th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-08-15 N1 - CODEN - CMCPCT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atrazine; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; geochemistry; herbicides; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; protection; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; sorption; triazines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal patterns of water and chemical movement in tilled and no-till column lysimeters AN - 13700580; 199302982 AB - The effects of macropore disruption by tillage on the transport of surface-applied chemicals were investigated under natural weather conditions on silt-loam soil with a 17-year history of no-till corn production. Unvegetated, undisturbed 75 cm long soil cores were converted into column lysimeters, and simulated tillage and broadcast applications of ammonium nitrate and strontium bromide were applied each spring for 2 years. The tilled columns produced 57-81 per cent of the percolate produced by no-till columns, and preferential flow was more prevalent in no-till columns. Tillage had no detectable effect on yearly total losses of bromide and nitrate (although anion losses during the growing season were greater from no-till columns), whereas losses of strontium and ammonium cations were 2.2 and 6.6 times greater, respectively than tilled columns. Differences between tillage treatments were particularly marked during the first few rainfalls following chemical application and during summer when potential evaporation was high. Percolate analysis was necessary to assess solute transport in the field and macropores could influence the transport of strongly adsorbed species. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Shipitalo, MJ AU - Edwards, WM AD - USDA-ARS, Coshocton, Ohio Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 218 EP - 223 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Ammonium nitrate KW - Analysis KW - Columns KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Prevalent KW - Strontium KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13700580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Seasonal+patterns+of+water+and+chemical+movement+in+tilled+and+no-till+column+lysimeters&rft.au=Shipitalo%2C+MJ%3BEdwards%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Shipitalo&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticides and nutrients in southern U.S. shallow ground water and surface runoff AN - 13693244; 199401204 AB - Results are summarized from field studies at 2 locations in Mississippi on the concentrations of nutrients and pesticides in shallow groundwater and surface run-off in agricultural catchment areas using conventional till and no-till methods. At the site growing soybeans (Glycine max), the average concentrations of plant nutrients in the groundwater were affected by tillage method. In fact, nitrate concentrations in groundwater under conventional till were slightly greater than those under no-till. The pesticides metribuzin and metolachlor in run-off were not affected by tillage method, although greater concentrations leached into the soil profile in the no-till area. No-till reduced sediment losses in run-off by about 2 orders of magnitude compared with conventional till. Similar trends were observed at the other location where maize (Zea mays) was grown. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Schreiber, J D AU - Smith, S AU - Cullum, R F AD - USDA-ARS, Oxford, Miss. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 583 EP - 588 VL - 28 IS - 3/5 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Metribuzin KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13693244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Pesticides+and+nutrients+in+southern+U.S.+shallow+ground+water+and+surface+runoff&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+J+D%3BSmith%2C+S%3BCullum%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3%2F5&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A modelling approach to evaluate best management practices AN - 13687376; 199401014 AB - Vegetative filter strips are a best management practice for removing sediment and pollutants from agricultural run-off, and the U.S. Conservation Reserve Programme had almost 3000 contracts for setting aside land for this purpose. Under this scheme, filter strips 20-30 m wide were established beside creeks and streams adjacent to cropland, and landowners were contracted to maintain them for 10 years in return for compensation from federal government. To assess the improvement in water quality achieved by this approach, simulations of conditions before and after installation of 200 randomly-selected filter-strip sites in 29 states were carried out using CREAMS (Chemicals, Run-off, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems) and WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) models. Filter strips reduced sediment and sediment-associated nutrients by 10-80 per cent, depending on local conditions, but did not remove soluble pollutants. The types of site most suited to the use of filter strips are listed. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Williams, R D AU - Nicks, AD AD - USDA-ARS, Durant, Okla. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 675 EP - 678 VL - 28 IS - 3/5 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Reduction KW - Reserve KW - State KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13687376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=A+modelling+approach+to+evaluate+best+management+practices&rft.au=Williams%2C+R+D%3BNicks%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3%2F5&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen and phosphorus fate from long-term poultry litter applications to Oklahoma soils AN - 13686916; 199401467 AB - The impact of long-term application of poultry litter on soil and water resources in eastern Oklahoma was studied, with particular attention to the effects on the nitrogen and phosphorus content of soils. Twelve soil profiles under coastal' bermudagrass to which poultry litter had been continually applied for 12 to 35 years were sampled to a depth of 150 cm. The effect of poultry litter was greatest in the surface 5 cm of soil. Below 5 cm, nitrogen and phosphorus decreased rapidly, with only slight nitrate-nitrogen accumulations between 50 and 100 cm and no observed movement of phosphorus below 30 cm. The results are discussed in relation to fertilizer management in the area. There are 42 references. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Smith, S J AU - Bain, W R AD - USDA-ARS, Durant, Okla. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1131 EP - 1137 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13686916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+phosphorus+fate+from+long-term+poultry+litter+applications+to+Oklahoma+soils&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BSmith%2C+S+J%3BBain%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A decision support system for evaluating the effects of alternative farm management systems on water quality and economics AN - 13684644; 199401063 AB - A Multi-objective Decision Support System was developed for water quality, which involved modelling of hydrology, erosion, nutrient and pesticide transport, crop growth, and economics, with respect to the multiple objectives of reducing pollution of surface water and groundwater while maintaining or improving farm profitability. Results of the application of this approach to several management alternatives for farmland in Iowa are presented. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Yakowitz, D S AU - Stone, J J AU - Lane, L J AU - Heilman, P AU - Masterson, J AU - Abolt, J AU - Imam, B AD - USDA-ARS, Tucson, Ariz. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 47 EP - 54 VL - 28 IS - 3/5 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Reduction KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13684644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=A+decision+support+system+for+evaluating+the+effects+of+alternative+farm+management+systems+on+water+quality+and+economics&rft.au=Yakowitz%2C+D+S%3BStone%2C+J+J%3BLane%2C+L+J%3BHeilman%2C+P%3BMasterson%2C+J%3BAbolt%2C+J%3BImam%2C+B&rft.aulast=Yakowitz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3%2F5&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between initial drainage of surface soil and average profile saturated conductivity AN - 13681118; S199547719 AB - A theoretical analysis of the relationship between effective porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity used finite element numerical solutions to simulate the change in surface soil water content resulting from drainage for 2-3 d for homogeneous soil profiles representing 11 soil textural classes together with published experimental data for various international layered soils. Generally, there was a highly significant correlation between log-log transformations of an effective profile-average saturated hydraulic conductivity (the steady-state infiltration rate or the harmonic mean saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil profile) and the initial 2-d drainage. The slope of this relationship was not significantly different from the theoretical slope of 2.5 in 3 soil groups or from an empirical value of 2.0 in all cases. Fractiles (cumulative frequency distribution) of the scaling factors of the profile-average saturated hydraulic conductivity computed from estimates obtained using surface drainage data for slopes 2.0-2.5 were in reasonable agreement with most experimental data. The proposed method showed potential advantages for the rapid estimation of an effective average saturated hydraulic conductivity of a soil profile and further development would be justified. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Wendroth, O AU - Nielsen AD - USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, Colo. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 19 EP - 25 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Analysis KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13681118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+initial+drainage+of+surface+soil+and+average+profile+saturated+conductivity&rft.au=Ahuja%2C+L+R%3BWendroth%2C+O%3BNielsen&rft.aulast=Ahuja&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting wilderness snow water equivalent with nonwilderness snow sensors AN - 13679561; S199648772 AB - Criteria for selecting surrogate sensor pairs of high- and low-elevation telemetered snow sensors were developed to investigate the feasibility of predicting snow water equivalent at high-elevation wilderness sites where sensors must be removed after a correlation period. In an initial study of 10 pairs of sensors selected according to proximity, colocation within a basin and annual precipitation, only 2 pairs yielded satisfactory regression results. When 5 of the original high-elevation sensors with poor regression statistics were each paired with 2-5 new sensors selected according to elevation difference, use of a regression screening process to select the best match yielded improvements of 27-46 per cent in regression coefficients and reduced the mean standard error from 33.2 cm to 15.0 cm. Tests using a variety of reduction, maximal change limits and smoothing algorithms did not achieve better fits but filters occasionally improved predictive ability. The proposed selection technique would aid water supply forecasting if wilderness sensors were removed. JF - Water Resources Bulletin AU - McGurk, B J AU - Edens, T J AU - Azuma, D L AD - USDA Forest Service, Berkeley, Calif. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 85 EP - 94 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1370, 0043-1370 KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Reduction KW - Wildland KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13679561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Predicting+wilderness+snow+water+equivalent+with+nonwilderness+snow+sensors&rft.au=McGurk%2C+B+J%3BEdens%2C+T+J%3BAzuma%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=McGurk&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Bulletin&rft.issn=00431370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity utilizing fractal principles AN - 13673488; S199749905 AB - The Marshall saturated hydraulic conductivity equation was modified by using the fractal properties of the Sierpinski carpet generator to calculate pore radii, enabling differentiation of matrix and macropore flow. Equations developed for the prediction of matrix and macropore saturated hydraulic conductivity related pore size class number and largest equivalent pore radius to soil properties. There was reasonable agreement between measured saturated conductivities for both matrix and macropore flow in a wide range of soils and the values predicted by the modified Marshall equation. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Rawls, W J AU - Brakensiek, D L AU - Logsdon, S D AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology Laboratory, Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1193 EP - 1197 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13673488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Predicting+saturated+hydraulic+conductivity+utilizing+fractal+principles&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J%3BBrakensiek%2C+D+L%3BLogsdon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER -